Title : Does nicotine impact tramadol abuse? Insights from neurochemical and neurobehavioral changes in mice.

Pub. Date : 2018 Jul

PMID : 29906478






1 Functional Relationships(s)
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1 Increased oxidative stress by tramadol and/or nicotine sequentially augmented nuclear factor kappa B and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha with the induction of apoptosis evident by the increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity. Nicotine tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus