Title : Genetic dissociation of opiate tolerance and physical dependence in delta-opioid receptor-1 and preproenkephalin knock-out mice.

Pub. Date : 2002 Dec 15

PMID : 12486185






1 Functional Relationships(s)
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1 These data demonstrate that although signaling pathways involving ppENK, DOR, and NMDA receptor are necessary for the expression of morphine tolerance, other pathways independent of these factors can mediate physical dependence. Morphine preproenkephalin Mus musculus