PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offset protein_name organism prot_offset 23268548-8 2013 A selected sdAb was also found to exhibit outstanding specificity against another biotoxin, saporin, which has mechanism of action similar to ricin. sdab 11-15 ricin Ricinus communis 142-147 22069699-3 2011 As by-product in castor oil production ricin is mass produced above 1 million tons per year. Castor Oil 17-27 ricin Ricinus communis 39-44 22733821-9 2012 We also found that (a) milk did not inhibit ricin at concentrations of 10 or 100 ng/ml; (b) autoclaving 10 and 100 ng/ml ricin in DMEM at 121 C for 30 min completely abolished activity; and (c) milk did not affect the activity of another ribosome inactivating protein, Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2), produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. dmem 130-134 ricin Ricinus communis 121-126 19932603-3 2011 However, ricin toxicosis by ingestion of some products containing castor oil cake has rarely been reported. Castor Oil 66-76 ricin Ricinus communis 9-14 19932603-6 2011 The soil conditioner dogs ingested consisted of 10% castor oil cake containing ricin. Castor Oil 52-62 ricin Ricinus communis 79-84 20345778-3 2010 One commonly described crude ricin preparation method is acetone extraction of crushed castor beans. Acetone 57-64 ricin Ricinus communis 29-34 20486671-6 2010 When used in conjunction with intact protein MALDI mass measurement, a positive identification of ricin (or any of the other RIPs) was achieved including confirmation of the integrity of the disulfide bond between the A and B chains. Disulfides 191-200 ricin Ricinus communis 98-103 20102466-3 2010 In the present study, we purified and denatured ricin in a boiling water bath for different time intervals. Water 67-72 ricin Ricinus communis 48-53 20102466-8 2010 On native polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis, native and denatured ricin gave ricin band in 60-kDa region. polyacrylamide 10-25 ricin Ricinus communis 68-73 20102466-8 2010 On native polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis, native and denatured ricin gave ricin band in 60-kDa region. polyacrylamide 10-25 ricin Ricinus communis 79-84 19781564-1 2010 Ricin inhibits translation by removal of a specific adenine from 28S RNA. Adenine 52-59 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 20369893-0 2010 Use of lactose against the deadly biological toxin ricin. Lactose 7-14 ricin Ricinus communis 51-56 20369893-5 2010 Lactose (a natural ligand of this toxin) was incorporated into polyacrylamide-based glycopolymers at variable sugar densities (18-100%) and evaluated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and the real agent, ricin. Lactose 0-7 ricin Ricinus communis 220-225 19477090-4 2009 Ricinine is a piperidine alkaloidal toxin present in castor bean and is described as a biomarker for the exposure to ricin. ricinine 0-8 ricin Ricinus communis 117-122 18799304-1 2008 Because of the illegal use of highly toxic ricin from the castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis, in bioterrorism and suspected white powder cases, anti-terrorism measures for the toxin are urgently required. Castor Oil 58-64 ricin Ricinus communis 43-48 19159212-5 2009 This sensitivity was attained with the addition of 0.01% Tween 80 to the extracts that greatly enhanced the ricin signal. Polysorbates 57-65 ricin Ricinus communis 108-113 18799304-5 2008 In addition, a visual monitoring method was developed, in which sugar-coated Au nanoparticles were utilized for discriminating ricin from other proteins in a facile manner, taking 10-30 min for judgment. Gold 77-79 ricin Ricinus communis 127-132 18799304-1 2008 Because of the illegal use of highly toxic ricin from the castor-oil plant, Ricinus communis, in bioterrorism and suspected white powder cases, anti-terrorism measures for the toxin are urgently required. Oils 65-68 ricin Ricinus communis 43-48 18799304-2 2008 Here we demonstrate a facile and sensitive detection method using synthetic analogues of beta-lactosyl- and beta-d-galactosyl ceramides as the ligands based on the fact that ricin binds cell-surface oligosaccharides. beta-lactosyl- and beta-d-galactosyl ceramides 89-135 ricin Ricinus communis 174-179 18799304-2 2008 Here we demonstrate a facile and sensitive detection method using synthetic analogues of beta-lactosyl- and beta-d-galactosyl ceramides as the ligands based on the fact that ricin binds cell-surface oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides 199-215 ricin Ricinus communis 174-179 18799304-5 2008 In addition, a visual monitoring method was developed, in which sugar-coated Au nanoparticles were utilized for discriminating ricin from other proteins in a facile manner, taking 10-30 min for judgment. Sugars 64-69 ricin Ricinus communis 127-132 17402623-0 2007 Fatal ricin toxicosis in a puppy confirmed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry when using ricinine as a marker. ricinine 97-105 ricin Ricinus communis 6-11 18384830-7 2008 These sugars were used because ricin was found to adhere more effectively to asialo-GM1 and LacCer immobilized on plastic than to the other glycosphingolipids tested. Sugars 6-12 ricin Ricinus communis 31-36 18384830-7 2008 These sugars were used because ricin was found to adhere more effectively to asialo-GM1 and LacCer immobilized on plastic than to the other glycosphingolipids tested. asialo GM1 ganglioside 77-87 ricin Ricinus communis 31-36 17622185-6 2007 This is highly relevant in the context of the Chemical Weapons Convention, since the disulfide bond connecting the two chains of ricin indicates the presence of an intact toxin and provides additional forensic evidence for the analytical results. Disulfides 85-94 ricin Ricinus communis 129-134 17402623-5 2007 This report describes a fatal case of castor bean ingestion in a 12-week-old Mastiff puppy, with confirmation of ricin exposure through detection of the biomarker ricinine by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). ricinine 163-171 ricin Ricinus communis 113-118 16265843-8 2005 Of the monosaccharides tested for inhibition of precipitation of ricin, p-nitrophenyl betaGal was the best; this compound was 1.3-fold better than its alpha-anomer. Monosaccharides 7-22 ricin Ricinus communis 65-70 16942744-1 2006 Synthetic biotinylated RNA substrates were cleaved by the combined actions of ricin holotoxin and a chemical agent, N,N"-dimethylethylenediamine. stichoposide 84-93 ricin Ricinus communis 78-83 11535138-2 2001 Using 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol tributyrate (BAL-TC(4)) as substrate, the lipolytic activity of ricin was found to be proportional to ricin and substrate concentrations, with an apparent K(m) (K(m,app)) of 2.4 mM, a k(cat) of 200 min(-1) and a specific activity of 1.0 unit/mg of protein. 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol tributyrate 6-43 ricin Ricinus communis 96-101 15940787-6 2005 Ricin was separated from the ricinus agglutinin by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100. sephadex 71-85 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 15940787-7 2005 MTT was applied to analyze the cytotoxicity with different dosage of ricin in different cancer cell lines. monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate 0-3 ricin Ricinus communis 69-74 15769181-2 2005 Among the factors limiting domestic production of castor oil is the presence of the toxin ricin and its less toxic homologue Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) in seeds. Castor Oil 50-60 ricin Ricinus communis 90-95 11535138-2 2001 Using 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol tributyrate (BAL-TC(4)) as substrate, the lipolytic activity of ricin was found to be proportional to ricin and substrate concentrations, with an apparent K(m) (K(m,app)) of 2.4 mM, a k(cat) of 200 min(-1) and a specific activity of 1.0 unit/mg of protein. bal-tc 45-51 ricin Ricinus communis 134-139 11535138-5 2001 Ricin lipolytic activity is pH and galactose dependent, with a maximum at pH 7.0 in the presence of 0.2 M galactose. Galactose 35-44 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 15842756-1 2005 Ricin is a toxalbumin derived from the castor bean plant, Ricinus communis. toxalbumin 11-21 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 15842756-2 2005 Ricinine is an alkaloid (3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone) that shares a common plant source with ricin, and its presence in urine infers ricin exposure. ricinine 0-8 ricin Ricinus communis 103-108 15842756-2 2005 Ricinine is an alkaloid (3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone) that shares a common plant source with ricin, and its presence in urine infers ricin exposure. ricinine 0-8 ricin Ricinus communis 143-148 15842756-10 2005 Ricinine is present in crude preparations of ricin, and it can be found in human urine after a lethal exposure to ricin. ricinine 0-8 ricin Ricinus communis 45-50 15842756-10 2005 Ricinine is present in crude preparations of ricin, and it can be found in human urine after a lethal exposure to ricin. ricinine 0-8 ricin Ricinus communis 114-119 14579547-2 2003 Ricin is a heterodimeric protein produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). Castor Oil 62-72 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 14579548-3 2003 Ricin binds to cell surface carbohydrates, is internalised then causes cell death by inhibiting protein synthesis. Carbohydrates 28-41 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 11535138-5 2001 Ricin lipolytic activity is pH and galactose dependent, with a maximum at pH 7.0 in the presence of 0.2 M galactose. Galactose 106-115 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 11535138-6 2001 Using the monolayer technique with dicaprin as substrate, ricin showed a lipolytic activity proportional to the ricin concentration at 20 mN/m, which is dependent on the surface pressure of the lipid monolayer and is detectable up to 30 mN/m, a surface pressure that is of the same order of magnitude as that of natural cell membranes. dicaprin 35-43 ricin Ricinus communis 58-63 11535138-6 2001 Using the monolayer technique with dicaprin as substrate, ricin showed a lipolytic activity proportional to the ricin concentration at 20 mN/m, which is dependent on the surface pressure of the lipid monolayer and is detectable up to 30 mN/m, a surface pressure that is of the same order of magnitude as that of natural cell membranes. dicaprin 35-43 ricin Ricinus communis 112-117 11535138-8 2001 Ricin from Ricinus communis and R. sanguineus were treated with diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate, an irreversible serine esterase inhibitor, and their lipolytic activities on BAL-TC(4) and pNPC(10), and cytotoxic activity, were concurrently recorded. Paraoxon 64-94 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 11535138-8 2001 Ricin from Ricinus communis and R. sanguineus were treated with diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate, an irreversible serine esterase inhibitor, and their lipolytic activities on BAL-TC(4) and pNPC(10), and cytotoxic activity, were concurrently recorded. bal-tc 173-179 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 11535138-10 2001 These data support the idea that the lipolytic activity associated with ricin is relevant to a lipase whose activity is pH and galactose dependent, sensitive to diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate, and that a lipolytic step may be involved in the process of cell poisoning by ricin. Galactose 127-136 ricin Ricinus communis 72-77 11535138-10 2001 These data support the idea that the lipolytic activity associated with ricin is relevant to a lipase whose activity is pH and galactose dependent, sensitive to diethyl p-nitrophenylphosphate, and that a lipolytic step may be involved in the process of cell poisoning by ricin. Paraoxon 161-191 ricin Ricinus communis 72-77 11535138-2 2001 Using 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol tributyrate (BAL-TC(4)) as substrate, the lipolytic activity of ricin was found to be proportional to ricin and substrate concentrations, with an apparent K(m) (K(m,app)) of 2.4 mM, a k(cat) of 200 min(-1) and a specific activity of 1.0 unit/mg of protein. 2,3-dimercaptopropan-1-ol tributyrate 6-43 ricin Ricinus communis 134-139 11535138-2 2001 Using 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol tributyrate (BAL-TC(4)) as substrate, the lipolytic activity of ricin was found to be proportional to ricin and substrate concentrations, with an apparent K(m) (K(m,app)) of 2.4 mM, a k(cat) of 200 min(-1) and a specific activity of 1.0 unit/mg of protein. bal-tc 45-51 ricin Ricinus communis 96-101 8812841-1 1996 Ricin, the highly toxic glycoprotein expressed in the endosperm of castor seeds, is composed of a galactose-binding lectin B chain (RTB) disulfide linked to a RNA N-glycosidase A chain (RTA). Galactose 98-107 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 11351080-0 2001 The internal propeptide of the ricin precursor carries a sequence-specific determinant for vacuolar sorting. propeptide 13-23 ricin Ricinus communis 31-36 11351080-5 2001 We show that the internal linker propeptide is responsible for vacuolar sorting and is sufficient to redirect the ricin heterodimer to the vacuole when fused to the A or the B chain. propeptide 33-43 ricin Ricinus communis 114-119 9505938-1 1997 Ricin is one of a group of structurally related plant lectins and is extracted from the seeds of the Castor Oil plant, Ricinus communis. Castor Oil 101-111 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8812841-1 1996 Ricin, the highly toxic glycoprotein expressed in the endosperm of castor seeds, is composed of a galactose-binding lectin B chain (RTB) disulfide linked to a RNA N-glycosidase A chain (RTA). Disulfides 137-146 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8812841-3 1996 Replacement of chemically coupled molecules with a genetically engineered targeted ricin would improve homogeneity and yield and permit structural changes in the fusion toxin to be introduced readily by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. Oligonucleotides 203-218 ricin Ricinus communis 83-88 8812841-9 1996 The tobacco ricin bound to immobilized asialofetuin as avidly as castor bean ricin, suggesting intact sugar binding. Sugars 102-107 ricin Ricinus communis 12-17 8934635-4 1995 Ricin pretreatment nearly doubled the intracellular-free Ca2+ concentration as measured by fura-2 fluorescence microscopy in isolated myocytes (p = 0.002). Fura-2 91-97 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8658515-8 1996 Compared to the control group, ricin pretreatment markedly decreased ventricular compliance (p < 0.01), diminished maximum left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.05), and reduced maximal +dp/dt (p < 0.05). dp 198-200 ricin Ricinus communis 31-36 8658515-8 1996 Compared to the control group, ricin pretreatment markedly decreased ventricular compliance (p < 0.01), diminished maximum left ventricular developed pressure (p < 0.05), and reduced maximal +dp/dt (p < 0.05). Thymidine 201-203 ricin Ricinus communis 31-36 8658515-12 1996 thus, ricin reduced both systolic (LVDP and +dp/dt) and diastolic (compliance) left ventricular functions, perhaps due to increased vascular permeability, without altering responses to the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol. dp 45-47 ricin Ricinus communis 6-11 8658515-12 1996 thus, ricin reduced both systolic (LVDP and +dp/dt) and diastolic (compliance) left ventricular functions, perhaps due to increased vascular permeability, without altering responses to the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol. Phenylephrine 227-240 ricin Ricinus communis 6-11 8658515-12 1996 thus, ricin reduced both systolic (LVDP and +dp/dt) and diastolic (compliance) left ventricular functions, perhaps due to increased vascular permeability, without altering responses to the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol. Isoproterenol 245-258 ricin Ricinus communis 6-11 8934635-0 1995 Ricin disturbs calcium homeostasis in the rabbit heart. Calcium 15-22 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8934635-6 1995 However, ricin inhibited the NE-induced calcium efflux (expressed as fractional efflux ratios) in papillary muscles from rabbits receiving the minimum lethal dose of ricin at 25-35 minutes (p = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Calcium 40-47 ricin Ricinus communis 9-14 8934635-7 1995 Ricin depressed basal calcium uptake into isolated papillary muscles at 5 minutes (mean +/- SEM, mumol/g wet weight) (control: 3.68 +/- 0.57; ricin: 2.31 +/- 0.28, p = 0.045, n = 6). Calcium 22-29 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8934635-8 1995 Ricin pretreatment significantly depressed calcium uptake into microsomes (mean +/- SEM, mumol/g protein) (control: 9.9 +/- 1.9; ricin: 3.1 +/- 1.9, p = 0.025, n = 6). Calcium 43-50 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 8934635-10 1995 Thus, administration of ricin disturbed calcium homeostasis in the rabbit heart, which may be at least partially responsible for altering cardiac function and myocardial cell death. Calcium 40-47 ricin Ricinus communis 24-29 7745223-7 1995 Maximum relaxations to methacholine were increased by 20-57% (P > 0.05) at 18 h following both ricin doses but returned to control values at later time points. Methacholine Chloride 23-35 ricin Ricinus communis 98-103 7745223-8 1995 Relaxations in response to ATP were significantly enhanced in all ricin-treated groups (95-205%) except in the 18 h and 4-day 0.11 microgram kg-1 dose groups where the increase was 0-46%. Adenosine Triphosphate 27-30 ricin Ricinus communis 66-71 8097181-8 1993 Cytofluorographic analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled ricin confirmed these observations and indicated that increased ricin binding occurred on a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 60-64 ricin Ricinus communis 75-80 8027512-7 1994 The effects of DFMO on ricin toxicity were markedly influenced by altering various pharmacokinetic parameters. Eflornithine 15-19 ricin Ricinus communis 23-28 8027512-8 1994 The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and vitamin E succinate also extended survival time in response to a lethal dose of ricin, but to a lesser extent than did dexamethasone and DFMO. Butylated Hydroxyanisole 17-41 ricin Ricinus communis 126-131 8027512-8 1994 The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and vitamin E succinate also extended survival time in response to a lethal dose of ricin, but to a lesser extent than did dexamethasone and DFMO. alpha-Tocopherol 46-65 ricin Ricinus communis 126-131 8027512-8 1994 The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and vitamin E succinate also extended survival time in response to a lethal dose of ricin, but to a lesser extent than did dexamethasone and DFMO. Dexamethasone 165-178 ricin Ricinus communis 126-131 8027512-8 1994 The antioxidants butylated hydroxyanisole and vitamin E succinate also extended survival time in response to a lethal dose of ricin, but to a lesser extent than did dexamethasone and DFMO. Eflornithine 183-187 ricin Ricinus communis 126-131 8027512-9 1994 The Golgi apparatus inhibitors monensin, swainsonine and tunicamycin enhanced ricin toxicity, as evidenced by shortened survival times. Swainsonine 41-52 ricin Ricinus communis 78-83 8027512-9 1994 The Golgi apparatus inhibitors monensin, swainsonine and tunicamycin enhanced ricin toxicity, as evidenced by shortened survival times. Tunicamycin 57-68 ricin Ricinus communis 78-83 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Nucleosides 21-31 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Acyclovir 51-60 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Trifluridine 65-77 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Adenosine 89-98 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Guanosine 100-109 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8027512-10 1994 In addition, various nucleoside analogs, including acyclovir and trifluridine as well as adenosine, guanosine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, also potentiated the toxicity of ricin. Bucladesine 114-134 ricin Ricinus communis 169-174 8097181-8 1993 Cytofluorographic analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled ricin confirmed these observations and indicated that increased ricin binding occurred on a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 32-58 ricin Ricinus communis 75-80 8097181-8 1993 Cytofluorographic analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled ricin confirmed these observations and indicated that increased ricin binding occurred on a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 32-58 ricin Ricinus communis 139-144 8097181-8 1993 Cytofluorographic analysis with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled ricin confirmed these observations and indicated that increased ricin binding occurred on a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 60-64 ricin Ricinus communis 139-144 1718599-2 1991 Ricin intoxicates cells by binding through its B-chain to galactose-terminated oligosaccharides found on the surface of all eukaryotic cells and then transferring its A-chain to the cytosol where it disrupts protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes. Galactose 58-67 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 1440654-0 1992 Ricin-induced hepatic lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, and DNA single-strand breaks in mice. Glutathione 42-53 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 1718599-2 1991 Ricin intoxicates cells by binding through its B-chain to galactose-terminated oligosaccharides found on the surface of all eukaryotic cells and then transferring its A-chain to the cytosol where it disrupts protein synthesis by inactivating ribosomes. Oligosaccharides 79-95 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 1718599-4 1991 Blocking the two galactose-binding sites of native ricin by chemical modification with affinity ligands created an altered toxin, called blocked ricin, that has at least a 3500-fold lower binding affinity and is more than 1000-fold less cytotoxic than native ricin for Namalwa cells (a Burkitt"s lymphoma line) but that has maintained the translocation function of the B-chain and the catalytic activity of the A-chain. Galactose 17-26 ricin Ricinus communis 51-56 1718599-4 1991 Blocking the two galactose-binding sites of native ricin by chemical modification with affinity ligands created an altered toxin, called blocked ricin, that has at least a 3500-fold lower binding affinity and is more than 1000-fold less cytotoxic than native ricin for Namalwa cells (a Burkitt"s lymphoma line) but that has maintained the translocation function of the B-chain and the catalytic activity of the A-chain. Galactose 17-26 ricin Ricinus communis 145-150 1718599-4 1991 Blocking the two galactose-binding sites of native ricin by chemical modification with affinity ligands created an altered toxin, called blocked ricin, that has at least a 3500-fold lower binding affinity and is more than 1000-fold less cytotoxic than native ricin for Namalwa cells (a Burkitt"s lymphoma line) but that has maintained the translocation function of the B-chain and the catalytic activity of the A-chain. Galactose 17-26 ricin Ricinus communis 145-150 2437188-0 1987 Identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a galactose-binding domain of the toxin ricin. Galactose 75-84 ricin Ricinus communis 113-118 34830227-5 2021 Elevated levels of soluble heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and syndecan-1 were measured in blood samples following ricin intoxication, indicating that the vascular glycocalyx of both mice and swine underwent extensive damage. Heparitin Sulfate 27-42 ricin Ricinus communis 116-121 34830227-5 2021 Elevated levels of soluble heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and syndecan-1 were measured in blood samples following ricin intoxication, indicating that the vascular glycocalyx of both mice and swine underwent extensive damage. Hyaluronic Acid 44-59 ricin Ricinus communis 116-121 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Tritium 7-9 ricin Ricinus communis 130-135 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Thymidine 11-20 ricin Ricinus communis 130-135 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Doxorubicin 187-197 ricin Ricinus communis 130-135 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Doxorubicin 187-197 ricin Ricinus communis 289-294 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Doxorubicin 228-238 ricin Ricinus communis 130-135 2782046-2 1989 Using [3H]-thymidine autoradiography, immunocytochemistry for microglial markers and electron microscopy, we could show that when ricin was administered together with the cytostatic drug adriamycin, the retrogradely transported adriamycin inhibits the macrophage response induced by toxic ricin. Doxorubicin 228-238 ricin Ricinus communis 289-294 34487718-0 2021 Detection of ricin activity and structure by using novel galactose-terminated magnetic bead extraction coupled with mass spectrometric detection. Galactose 57-66 ricin Ricinus communis 13-18 34487718-4 2021 Here, we describe a novel ricin capture method of magnetic beads coated with 4-aminophenyl-1-thiol-beta-galactopyranoside, using ricin"s lectin characteristics. 4-aminophenyl-1-thiol-beta-galactopyranoside 77-121 ricin Ricinus communis 26-31 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Lactose 100-107 ricin Ricinus communis 22-27 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Lactose 100-107 ricin Ricinus communis 170-175 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Acetylgalactosamine 113-134 ricin Ricinus communis 22-27 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Acetylgalactosamine 113-134 ricin Ricinus communis 170-175 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Galactose 176-185 ricin Ricinus communis 170-175 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Sucrose 219-226 ricin Ricinus communis 170-175 2437188-3 1987 The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose. Glucose 231-238 ricin Ricinus communis 170-175 2437188-5 1987 The monoclonal antibody appears to recognize a galactose-binding site on ricin D via the variable region of the antibody. Galactose 47-56 ricin Ricinus communis 73-78 3561502-1 1987 Ricin is a dimeric toxin from the castor bean Ricinus communis, which is composed of a sugar-binding subunit (B) that attaches to receptors on the surfaces of target cells and a subunit (A) with enzymatic activity that attacks and inactivates ribosomes. Sugars 87-92 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 3827841-8 1986 Below pH 7 the change in the ricin conformation was accompanied by a decrease in the affinity of ricin for galactosides, and at pH 4.0 by an alteration in its binding capacity. Galactosides 107-119 ricin Ricinus communis 29-34 3827841-8 1986 Below pH 7 the change in the ricin conformation was accompanied by a decrease in the affinity of ricin for galactosides, and at pH 4.0 by an alteration in its binding capacity. Galactosides 107-119 ricin Ricinus communis 97-102 16664561-8 1986 Ricin was converted to its subunits by cysteine and an enzyme in an endosperm extract accelerated chain separation by glutathione. Cysteine 39-47 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 16664561-8 1986 Ricin was converted to its subunits by cysteine and an enzyme in an endosperm extract accelerated chain separation by glutathione. Glutathione 118-129 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 14582155-5 1982 The binding of [125I]ricin to AR10, AR100-6, AR100-9, and AR100-13 cells was decreased to about 30% of that of CHO. cho 111-114 ricin Ricinus communis 21-26 2999712-3 1985 The 5"-end of the ricin mRNA maps approximately 35 bases upstream from the first methionine codon. Methionine 81-91 ricin Ricinus communis 18-23 3993931-2 1985 A galactosyl-Sepharose affinity matrix was used to bind ricin toxin and its associated agglutinin, which both bind specifically to galactose, from a crude extract. galactosyl 2-12 ricin Ricinus communis 56-61 3993931-2 1985 A galactosyl-Sepharose affinity matrix was used to bind ricin toxin and its associated agglutinin, which both bind specifically to galactose, from a crude extract. Sepharose 13-22 ricin Ricinus communis 56-61 3993931-2 1985 A galactosyl-Sepharose affinity matrix was used to bind ricin toxin and its associated agglutinin, which both bind specifically to galactose, from a crude extract. Galactose 131-140 ricin Ricinus communis 56-61 3993931-3 1985 The selective elution of ricin toxin and agglutinin was then achieved by eluting the affinity column with a galactose gradient, which sequentially elutes the two proteins due to a difference in binding avidity to the matrix. Galactose 108-117 ricin Ricinus communis 25-30 6715418-6 1984 They were also slightly more resistant to other unrelated drugs such as adriamycin, colchicine, bleomycin, and chloroquine, and in particular, they showed about threefold higher resistance to ricin, a toxin of Ricinus communis. Doxorubicin 72-82 ricin Ricinus communis 192-197 6715418-6 1984 They were also slightly more resistant to other unrelated drugs such as adriamycin, colchicine, bleomycin, and chloroquine, and in particular, they showed about threefold higher resistance to ricin, a toxin of Ricinus communis. Colchicine 84-94 ricin Ricinus communis 192-197 6715418-6 1984 They were also slightly more resistant to other unrelated drugs such as adriamycin, colchicine, bleomycin, and chloroquine, and in particular, they showed about threefold higher resistance to ricin, a toxin of Ricinus communis. Bleomycin 96-105 ricin Ricinus communis 192-197 6715418-6 1984 They were also slightly more resistant to other unrelated drugs such as adriamycin, colchicine, bleomycin, and chloroquine, and in particular, they showed about threefold higher resistance to ricin, a toxin of Ricinus communis. Chloroquine 111-122 ricin Ricinus communis 192-197 7387399-5 1980 Protein synthesis measured by the incorporation of [3H]-leucine in the cell proteins begins to be inhibited after 30 min and is completely blocked after 2 h for a ricin concentration of 0.3 microgram/ml. Tritium 52-54 ricin Ricinus communis 163-168 7387399-5 1980 Protein synthesis measured by the incorporation of [3H]-leucine in the cell proteins begins to be inhibited after 30 min and is completely blocked after 2 h for a ricin concentration of 0.3 microgram/ml. Leucine 56-63 ricin Ricinus communis 163-168 435552-0 1979 [Interaction between ricin hemagglutinin and its ligands, galactose and lactose. Galactose 58-67 ricin Ricinus communis 21-26 435552-0 1979 [Interaction between ricin hemagglutinin and its ligands, galactose and lactose. Lactose 60-67 ricin Ricinus communis 21-26 435552-4 1979 Considering the negative entropy changes of the association, and as for ricin, the binding of galactosides with hemagglutinin is driven by favorable enthalpic contributions. Galactosides 94-106 ricin Ricinus communis 72-77 435552-7 1979 As for ricin, the interaction between these secondary sites and lactose would be entropically driven. Lactose 65-72 ricin Ricinus communis 8-13 743266-0 1978 Effect of the toxic castor bean protein, ricin, on the phosphorylation pattern of [32P]-labelled ribosomes from mouse L cells. Phosphorus-32 83-86 ricin Ricinus communis 41-46 30994324-4 2019 Here, antifouling polymer brush modified magnetic beads were prepared first and post modified with ricin monoclonal antibody (the MB@P(C-H)-mAbricin) to efficiently capture ricin from various foods and biological matrices. mabricin 140-148 ricin Ricinus communis 99-104 31782217-0 2020 Rapid and Sensitive Identification of Ricin in Environmental Samples Based on Lactamyl Agarose Beads Using LC-MS/MS (MRM). Sepharose 78-94 ricin Ricinus communis 38-43 31216687-3 2019 Ricin is a typical A-B toxin consisting of a single enzymatic A subunit (RTA) and a binding B subunit (RTB) joined by a single disulfide bond. Disulfides 127-136 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 652382-0 1978 Extraction and partial purification of ricin from Ricinus communis L. Ricinus communis L., usually cultivated for production of oil, has some use in medicine, cosmetic industries and as motor oil. Oils 128-131 ricin Ricinus communis 39-44 652382-0 1978 Extraction and partial purification of ricin from Ricinus communis L. Ricinus communis L., usually cultivated for production of oil, has some use in medicine, cosmetic industries and as motor oil. motor oil 186-195 ricin Ricinus communis 39-44 652382-2 1978 This study undertook extraction and identification of ricin, a toxalbumine, from Iranian Ricinus communis L. Ricin, was extracted from the seeds using dilute acid solution, salted out with ammonium sulfate, and purified by Sephadex G - 75 and DEAE - cellulose column chromatography. toxalbumine 63-74 ricin Ricinus communis 54-59 652382-2 1978 This study undertook extraction and identification of ricin, a toxalbumine, from Iranian Ricinus communis L. Ricin, was extracted from the seeds using dilute acid solution, salted out with ammonium sulfate, and purified by Sephadex G - 75 and DEAE - cellulose column chromatography. dilute acid 151-162 ricin Ricinus communis 54-59 652382-2 1978 This study undertook extraction and identification of ricin, a toxalbumine, from Iranian Ricinus communis L. Ricin, was extracted from the seeds using dilute acid solution, salted out with ammonium sulfate, and purified by Sephadex G - 75 and DEAE - cellulose column chromatography. Ammonium Sulfate 189-205 ricin Ricinus communis 54-59 652382-2 1978 This study undertook extraction and identification of ricin, a toxalbumine, from Iranian Ricinus communis L. Ricin, was extracted from the seeds using dilute acid solution, salted out with ammonium sulfate, and purified by Sephadex G - 75 and DEAE - cellulose column chromatography. sephadex 223-238 ricin Ricinus communis 54-59 652382-2 1978 This study undertook extraction and identification of ricin, a toxalbumine, from Iranian Ricinus communis L. Ricin, was extracted from the seeds using dilute acid solution, salted out with ammonium sulfate, and purified by Sephadex G - 75 and DEAE - cellulose column chromatography. DEAE-Cellulose 243-259 ricin Ricinus communis 54-59 4619014-2 1974 Ricin, a toxic protein from the seeds of Ricinus communis which inhibits poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis by rat liver ribosomes (Montanaro et al., 1973), does not affect protein synthesis by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Poly U 73-80 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 4619014-2 1974 Ricin, a toxic protein from the seeds of Ricinus communis which inhibits poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis by rat liver ribosomes (Montanaro et al., 1973), does not affect protein synthesis by isolated rat liver mitochondria. polyphenylalanine 90-107 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 26703723-9 2015 In terms of function, a real-time cytotoxicity assay showed that ricin is approximately 300-fold more toxic than RCA120. rca120 113-119 ricin Ricinus communis 65-70 29084706-7 2017 Castor oil plant has also revealed toxic effects due to the presence of ricin (protein) and ricinine (alkaloid). Castor Oil 0-10 ricin Ricinus communis 72-77 26873724-0 2016 Rapid Detection of Ricin in Serum Based on Cu-Chelated Magnetic Beads Using Mass Spectrometry. Copper 43-45 ricin Ricinus communis 19-24 24633508-1 2014 Ricin is a toxic protein derived from castor beans and composed of a cytotoxic A chain and a galactose-binding B chain linked by a disulfide bond, which can inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death. Galactose 93-102 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 26610568-3 2015 These qualitative and quantitative assays enable detection and differentiation of ricin from the less toxic RCA120 through determination of the amino acid sequence of the protein in question, and active ricin can be monitored by MS as the release of adenine from the depurination of a nucleic acid substrate. Adenine 250-257 ricin Ricinus communis 203-208 24633508-1 2014 Ricin is a toxic protein derived from castor beans and composed of a cytotoxic A chain and a galactose-binding B chain linked by a disulfide bond, which can inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death. Disulfides 131-140 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 24992468-1 2014 Ricin, a large, water soluble toxic glycoprotein, is distributed majorly in the kernels of castor beans (the seeds of Ricinus communis L.) and has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or other folk remedies throughout the world. Water 16-21 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 24992468-2 2014 The toxicity of crude ricin (CR) from castor bean kernels was investigated for the first time using an NMR-based metabolomic approach complemented with histopathological inspection and clinical chemistry. Chromium 29-31 ricin Ricinus communis 22-27 23761937-1 2014 Ricin toxin, a type 2 ribosome-inactivating protein and a category B bioterrorism agent, is produced from the seeds of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis). Castor Oil 119-129 ricin Ricinus communis 0-5 23603103-0 2013 Thermal inactivation reaction rates for ricin are influenced by pH and carbohydrates. Carbohydrates 71-84 ricin Ricinus communis 40-45 23603103-6 2013 We found that galactose and high molecular weight exopolysaccharides present in various dairy products contributed to the thermal stability of ricin. Galactose 14-23 ricin Ricinus communis 143-148 23603103-6 2013 We found that galactose and high molecular weight exopolysaccharides present in various dairy products contributed to the thermal stability of ricin. exopolysaccharides 50-68 ricin Ricinus communis 143-148