PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
2623195-1	1989	Both [Leu]enkephalin and DPen2-[DPen5]enkephalin, a delta opioid receptor selective analog of [Leu]enkephalin, impaired acquisition of an automated shelf-jump response in rats.	Leucine	6-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
2560809-4	1989	In the present report we demonstrate that the 1400-nt proenkephalin transcript is present in a freshly isolated, enriched preparation of adult rat Leydig cells.	nt	12-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-67
2560809-6	1989	Treatment of cultured Leydig cells with hCG or a cAMP analog leads to a rapid increase in proenkephalin-mRNA levels.	Cyclic AMP	49-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-103
2623195-4	1989	These results, together with our previous findings that DPen2-[DPen5]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin both impair acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response in mice, and that [Leu]enkephalin impairs acquisition of that same response in rats, support our suggestion that delta opioid receptors are implicated in the effects of [Leu]enkephalin on conditioning.	Leucine	85-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
2623195-4	1989	These results, together with our previous findings that DPen2-[DPen5]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin both impair acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response in mice, and that [Leu]enkephalin impairs acquisition of that same response in rats, support our suggestion that delta opioid receptors are implicated in the effects of [Leu]enkephalin on conditioning.	Leucine	85-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
2623195-4	1989	These results, together with our previous findings that DPen2-[DPen5]enkephalin and [Leu]enkephalin both impair acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response in mice, and that [Leu]enkephalin impairs acquisition of that same response in rats, support our suggestion that delta opioid receptors are implicated in the effects of [Leu]enkephalin on conditioning.	Leucine	85-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
2478598-9	1989	The heavily and moderately labeled enkephalin areas each maintain specific relations with inhomogeneities in the distribution of substance P, dopamine, and calcium-binding protein.	Dopamine	142-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2478598-9	1989	The heavily and moderately labeled enkephalin areas each maintain specific relations with inhomogeneities in the distribution of substance P, dopamine, and calcium-binding protein.	Calcium	156-163	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2478598-10	1989	Rostrally, the heavily labeled enkephalin areas coincide with areas strongly immunostained for calcium-binding protein and with lightly stained areas in the dopamine and substance P immunoreactivity patterns.	Calcium	95-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2478598-10	1989	Rostrally, the heavily labeled enkephalin areas coincide with areas strongly immunostained for calcium-binding protein and with lightly stained areas in the dopamine and substance P immunoreactivity patterns.	Dopamine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2478598-12	1989	Caudally, in the border region of the nucleus accumbens and the caudate-putamen, the heavily labeled enkephalin areas are either related to "blanks" or to the intense staining regions in the calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity distribution.	Calcium	191-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
2478598-13	1989	The moderately labeled enkephalin areas caudomedially in the nucleus accumbens are in register with the heavily labeled regions in the distribution of substance P and with the extremely heavily labeled regions in the distribution of dopamine.	Dopamine	233-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
2641847-3	1989	In the present study, the mechanism of the production of EK enhanced by BK was investigated using benzoyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA), a synthetic substrate.	benzoyl-l-arginine-2-naphthylamide	98-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-59
2553917-2	1989	Morphine treatment resulted in a decrease in the maximal excitation produced by both mu and delta selective agonists, [N-MePhe3,D-Pro4]-morphiceptin and [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]-enkephalin.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
2592517-1	1989	Preliminary results on the determination of leucine- and methionine-enkephalin-like fluorescence in the striatum region of the rat brain.	Methionine	57-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2592517-2	1989	The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of three synthetic opioid peptides, 5leucine-enkephalin, 5methionine-enkephalin and [D-2alanine]-5methionine enkephalin, has been studied after their pre-column fluorogenic derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde in the presence of cyanide to the corresponding 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindole (CBI) derivatives.	5methionine	115-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
2592517-2	1989	The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of three synthetic opioid peptides, 5leucine-enkephalin, 5methionine-enkephalin and [D-2alanine]-5methionine enkephalin, has been studied after their pre-column fluorogenic derivatization with naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxaldehyde in the presence of cyanide to the corresponding 1-cyanobenz[f]isoindole (CBI) derivatives.	5methionine	115-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
2592517-8	1989	The method has been applied to the determination of leucine- and methionine-enkephalin-like fluorescence in the striatum of the rat brain.	Methionine	65-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2561530-1	1989	The N-terminal tripeptide enkephalin analogue, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly, was dimerized at the C-terminus systematically with a series of alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes, NH2-(CH2)n-NH2 (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22).	tyr-d-ala-gly	47-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2561530-1	1989	The N-terminal tripeptide enkephalin analogue, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly, was dimerized at the C-terminus systematically with a series of alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes, NH2-(CH2)n-NH2 (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22).	alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes	126-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2572306-1	1989	The highly mu-selective agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol-enkephalin (DAGO) produces potent, dose-dependent naloxone-reversible antinociception when microinjected into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG) (ED50 = 0.72 nmol) or rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) (ED50 = 0.05 nmol) as measured on the rat tail flick (TF) assay.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	71-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2641847-3	1989	In the present study, the mechanism of the production of EK enhanced by BK was investigated using benzoyl-L-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA), a synthetic substrate.	bana	134-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-59
2641847-9	1989	It is suggested that BK is cleft by carboxypeptidase B in pulp cell to des-Arg9-BK and Arg, which activate the lysosomal or soluble EK processing enzymes, and then the produced EK inhibits the production of BK from plasma kininogens in the pulp.	Arginine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-134
2572306-1	1989	The highly mu-selective agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol-enkephalin (DAGO) produces potent, dose-dependent naloxone-reversible antinociception when microinjected into the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PAG) (ED50 = 0.72 nmol) or rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) (ED50 = 0.05 nmol) as measured on the rat tail flick (TF) assay.	Naloxone	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2641847-9	1989	It is suggested that BK is cleft by carboxypeptidase B in pulp cell to des-Arg9-BK and Arg, which activate the lysosomal or soluble EK processing enzymes, and then the produced EK inhibits the production of BK from plasma kininogens in the pulp.	Arginine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-179
2571623-3	1989	Subpopulations of neurons in colchicine-treated major pelvic ganglia and accessory ganglia of male rats contained immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), or enkephalin (ENK), while types of immunoreactivity found in major groups of varicose axons were ENK, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin (SOM).	Colchicine	29-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	324-327
2571623-3	1989	Subpopulations of neurons in colchicine-treated major pelvic ganglia and accessory ganglia of male rats contained immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), or enkephalin (ENK), while types of immunoreactivity found in major groups of varicose axons were ENK, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin (SOM).	Colchicine	29-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
2571623-3	1989	Subpopulations of neurons in colchicine-treated major pelvic ganglia and accessory ganglia of male rats contained immunoreactivity (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), or enkephalin (ENK), while types of immunoreactivity found in major groups of varicose axons were ENK, cholecystokinin (CCK), and somatostatin (SOM).	Colchicine	29-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-244
2584346-1	1989	A method is described for the determination of two pentapeptides, methionine enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH) (ME) and leucine enkephalin (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu-OH) (LE) in discrete rat brain regions.	Enkephalin, Methionine	89-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2590840-1	1989	The distribution of enkephalin-like cell bodies in the thalamus of the rat was studied by means of intratissular injections of colchicine and using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique.	Colchicine	127-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
2479438-16	1989	was depressed by [Met5] enkephalin (0.1-1 microM), dynorphin (1-13)(0.2 microM) and morphine (1-2 microM), and these effects were reversed by naloxone (1 microM).	Naloxone	142-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2606149-1	1989	Perfusion of the intrathecal space of halothane-anaesthetized rats with artificial cerebro-spinal fluid supplemented with porcine calcitonin (1-10 microM) produced a significant increase (+67-110%) in the spinal release of [Met5]enkephalin-like material.	Halothane	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
2790459-0	1989	Potent antinociceptive effects of kelatorphan (a highly efficient inhibitor of multiple enkephalin-degrading enzymes) systemically administered in normal and arthritic rats.	kelatorphan	34-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2790459-2	1989	doses (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) of the highly efficient inhibitor of multiple enkephalin-degrading enzymes, Kelatorphan, were evaluated on the vocalization threshold to paw pressure in normal rats and in rats with Freund"s adjuvant-induced arthritis.	kelatorphan	108-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2806377-0	1989	Studies on the effect of SCH-34826 and thiorphan on [Met5]enkephalin levels and release in rat spinal cord.	Thiorphan	39-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2549472-2	1989	Haloperidol treatment (2 mg/kg/day, i.p., 3 weeks), which has been reported to increase enkephalin levels in the striatum, induced a 23% decrease in striatal (posterior level A= +8.4-8.6 mm) NEP labeling (but no change of mu- and delta-sites).	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2806377-2	1989	3.4.24.11;) that cleaves the opiate peptides [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin at the glycinylphenylalanine bond.	glycinylphenylalanine	81-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2806371-1	1989	The reinforcing effects of two enkephalin analogs, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-NHNHCOCH2CH3.AcOH (EK-209) and Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399), were assessed by means of a self-administration technique with rats.	Acetic Acid	84-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2691996-0	1989	Plasma uptake and in vivo metabolism of [Leu]enkephalin following its intraperitoneal administration to rats.	Leucine	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
2807764-2	1989	While ITH CaCl2 was devoid of any effect on the analgesia induced by ITH morphine, it did antagonize the analgesic effect produced by ITH injection of dynorphin A or (D-Pen2,D-Pen5)-enkephalin (DPDPE).	Calcium Chloride	10-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
2752969-1	1989	The present study was an attempt to assess the inhibitory effect of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) on adrenal catecholamine release under in vivo conditions employing a microdialysis system.	Catecholamines	111-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
2752969-9	1989	Intra-adrenal application of Met-Enk reduced Ach-stimulated epinephrine, but not norepinephrine, secretion significantly; application of Nal did not affect Ach-stimulated catecholamine secretion in the initial fraction after Ach injection, but significantly prolonged amine secretion after the cholinergic stimulus.	Acetylcholine	45-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2752969-9	1989	Intra-adrenal application of Met-Enk reduced Ach-stimulated epinephrine, but not norepinephrine, secretion significantly; application of Nal did not affect Ach-stimulated catecholamine secretion in the initial fraction after Ach injection, but significantly prolonged amine secretion after the cholinergic stimulus.	Epinephrine	60-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2752969-11	1989	Thus, naloxone prevented the inhibitory effect of Met-Enk on Ach-stimulated CA release.	Naloxone	6-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2752969-11	1989	Thus, naloxone prevented the inhibitory effect of Met-Enk on Ach-stimulated CA release.	Acetylcholine	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2752969-13	1989	We demonstrate in vivo a paracrine or autocrine action of Met-Enk on Ach-stimulated catecholamine release by applying the peptide directly into the adrenal gland via a microdialysis system.	Acetylcholine	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2752969-13	1989	We demonstrate in vivo a paracrine or autocrine action of Met-Enk on Ach-stimulated catecholamine release by applying the peptide directly into the adrenal gland via a microdialysis system.	Catecholamines	84-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2544164-0	1989	Phorbol ester regulates the abundance of enkephalin precursor mRNA but not of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in rat testicular peritubular cells.	Phorbol Esters	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2546441-1	1989	The synthetic enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2]Met-enkephalinamide (DALA) was used to investigate opioid peptide modulation of lacrimal protein secretion.	Aminolevulinic Acid	64-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2546441-10	1989	We conclude that DALA exerts an inhibitory modulation of cholinergic and VIPergic stimulation of in vitro lacrimal protein secretion and suggest a physiological role for methionine enkephalin as an inhibitory peptide involved in the regulation of lacrimal gland function.	Aminolevulinic Acid	17-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
2776828-0	1989	Comparison of selective and complete inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes on morphine withdrawal syndrome.	Morphine	83-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2506943-0	1989	[The action of an enzymatically stable Leu-enkephalin analog on the prostanoid content in the myocardium under stress- and adrenaline-induced damage].	Prostaglandins	68-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2506943-0	1989	[The action of an enzymatically stable Leu-enkephalin analog on the prostanoid content in the myocardium under stress- and adrenaline-induced damage].	Epinephrine	123-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2506943-1	1989	The protective action of enzymatically stable analogue of Leu-enkephalin (D-ala-2-leu5-arg6), injected intraperitoneally, in the course of stress- and epinephrine induced myocardial damage was demonstrated in animal (129 white rats) experiments.	d-ala-2-leu5-arg6	74-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2506943-1	1989	The protective action of enzymatically stable analogue of Leu-enkephalin (D-ala-2-leu5-arg6), injected intraperitoneally, in the course of stress- and epinephrine induced myocardial damage was demonstrated in animal (129 white rats) experiments.	Epinephrine	151-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2506943-2	1989	Two effect of enkephalin were sufficient for the cardiac protection: enkephalin-stimulated prostacyclin biosynthesis and simultaneous inhibition of thromboxane production.	Epoprostenol	91-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2506943-2	1989	Two effect of enkephalin were sufficient for the cardiac protection: enkephalin-stimulated prostacyclin biosynthesis and simultaneous inhibition of thromboxane production.	Epoprostenol	91-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2506943-2	1989	Two effect of enkephalin were sufficient for the cardiac protection: enkephalin-stimulated prostacyclin biosynthesis and simultaneous inhibition of thromboxane production.	Thromboxanes	148-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2545300-2	1989	Administration in the DR of a selective mu opioid receptor agonist, (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO), in doses ranging from 0.01 to 1 microgram/0.5 microliter, dose-dependently reduced aggression caused by apomorphine 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally.	n-me-phe4	76-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
2543814-5	1989	In contrast, the purported kappa-opioid receptor agonist bremazocine (3-300 nM) inhibited the stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to a similar extent as did [D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and DPDPE.	bremazocine	57-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
2785027-2	1989	In control animals the stimulus of ip hypertonic saline resulted in increased plasma levels of corticosterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin and hypothalamic content of CRF and enkephalin mRNA.	Sodium Chloride	49-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
2574980-4	1989	A moderate number of nerve fibres and neuronal perikarya were immunoreactive to antisera directed against met-enkephalin-arg-phe (cleavage product of proenkephalin) and leu-enkephalin (cleavage product of prodynorphin and proenkephalin); non-identical cell bodies contained met-enkephalin-arg-phe- or leu-enkephalin-immunoreactivity.	Phenylalanine	125-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-163
2703483-2	1989	This arginine reacts rapidly with [14C]phenylglyoxal, and its reaction is selectively blocked by the presence of either the substrate Met5-enkephalin, the competitive inhibitor phenylalanylalanine, or the transition state analog phosphoramidon.	Arginine	5-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2703483-2	1989	This arginine reacts rapidly with [14C]phenylglyoxal, and its reaction is selectively blocked by the presence of either the substrate Met5-enkephalin, the competitive inhibitor phenylalanylalanine, or the transition state analog phosphoramidon.	14c]phenylglyoxal	35-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2538308-1	1989	A region-specific antiserum raised against the C-terminal heptapeptide of proenkephalin A (Met-enk Arg6Phe7) was used in RIA studies to show that rat, human, and ovine plasma contain substrates (mol wt, 68K) that yield nanomolar amounts of Met-enk Arg6Phe7 (ME-RF) after treatment with pepsin under acid conditions.	arg6phe7	99-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-89
2538308-1	1989	A region-specific antiserum raised against the C-terminal heptapeptide of proenkephalin A (Met-enk Arg6Phe7) was used in RIA studies to show that rat, human, and ovine plasma contain substrates (mol wt, 68K) that yield nanomolar amounts of Met-enk Arg6Phe7 (ME-RF) after treatment with pepsin under acid conditions.	arg6phe7	248-256	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-89
2780419-0	1989	Changes in levels of the tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly as an index of enkephalin release in the spinal cord: effects of noxious stimuli and parenterally-active peptidase inhibitors.	tripeptide K-26	25-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2780419-0	1989	Changes in levels of the tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly as an index of enkephalin release in the spinal cord: effects of noxious stimuli and parenterally-active peptidase inhibitors.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	36-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2780419-2	1989	During noxious pinching of the muzzle, which is known to trigger enkephalin release, YGG levels were enhanced more markedly and for longer than were those of [Met5]enkephalin (YGGFM), in the same samples.	ygg	85-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2703483-8	1989	Similarly the mutant enzyme showed a loss of selectivity in inhibition by D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin compared to the corresponding amide but exhibited no difference in the maximal velocity for hydrolysis of D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin and its amide.	Amides	127-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2539920-3	1989	We found that all three delta agonists, leu-enkephalin, D-ala-D-leu-enkephalin (DADL), and D-Pen enkephalin, would significantly decrease cardiac output.	DADLE	80-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2539920-3	1989	We found that all three delta agonists, leu-enkephalin, D-ala-D-leu-enkephalin (DADL), and D-Pen enkephalin, would significantly decrease cardiac output.	DADLE	80-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2574980-4	1989	A moderate number of nerve fibres and neuronal perikarya were immunoreactive to antisera directed against met-enkephalin-arg-phe (cleavage product of proenkephalin) and leu-enkephalin (cleavage product of prodynorphin and proenkephalin); non-identical cell bodies contained met-enkephalin-arg-phe- or leu-enkephalin-immunoreactivity.	Enkephalin-met, arg(6)-	106-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-163
2539460-9	1989	Lastly, reversal of effects of [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-Ol5]-enkephalin, [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin and U-50,488H by mu, delta and kappa selective antagonists D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2, ICI 174,864 and nor-BNI, respectively, indicated that these agents interact with discriminable populations of receptors.	n-methyl-phe4	39-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2568443-6	1989	In contrast to the inhibition produced by both morphine and DAGO, methionine enkephalin (8 x 10(-7)-2.4 x 10(-5) M) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the KCl depolarized uterus.	Potassium Chloride	170-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2547203-2	1989	Two examined the in vivo short-term effects (less than 35 min) and two examined the in vivo long-term effects (greater than 2 days) of the synthetic enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2,Leu5,Cys6]enkephalin (DALCE).	leu5,	178-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
2740430-3	1989	Met-ENK at a dose of 50 micrograms, injected ICV immediately before stress exposure significantly attenuated stress-induced increases in MHPG-SO4 in the amygdala, thalamus and LC, but did not have such an effect when injected either 5 min or 10 min or 10 min after exposure to stress.	3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate	137-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2787909-1	1989	A series of enkephalin-like peptides (X-Tyr-Gly-Gly-R-Pro) were synthesized for assay of cathepsin L and papain.	x-tyr-gly-gly-r-pro	38-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
2594580-6	1989	Only [D-2-Nal2,4, Met5-OMe]--enkephalin exerted an analgesic effect after the administration in the form of fine suspension.	[d-2-nal2	5-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
2469511-11	1989	In this region, about one-third of the GABA-like immunoreactive neurons contained ENK-like immunoreactivity.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	39-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2545937-1	1989	The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of enkephalins (methionine-enkephalin: Met-Enk, leucine-enkephalin: Leu-Enk) on the adrenergic neurotransmission in hypertension.	Methionine	77-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
2545937-1	1989	The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of enkephalins (methionine-enkephalin: Met-Enk, leucine-enkephalin: Leu-Enk) on the adrenergic neurotransmission in hypertension.	Methionine	77-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2545937-6	1989	These results demonstrate that Met-Enk and Leu-Enk affected presynaptic sites of blood vessels and caused a decrease in electrically-stimulated norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve endings.	Norepinephrine	144-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
2545937-6	1989	These results demonstrate that Met-Enk and Leu-Enk affected presynaptic sites of blood vessels and caused a decrease in electrically-stimulated norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve endings.	Norepinephrine	144-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
2521894-3	1989	These data suggest that D-2 receptors, which mediate a stimulatory effect on enkephalin gene expression, may be subsaturated under basal conditions and, therefore, responsive to increases in synaptic dopamine.	Dopamine	200-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2472572-6	1989	In enkephalin-treated animals numerous vasopressin immunoreactive varicosities appeared within the supraoptic nucleus, but were mostly absent in naloxone-treated animals and in controls.	Naloxone	145-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	3-13
2540230-1	1989	Intrathecal dermorphin (0.8-80 ng) or [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE, 5.7-171 ng) produced a dose-related marked inhibition of reflex micturition in urethane-anesthetized rats until voiding was suppressed and overflow incontinence ensued.	Urethane	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
2783452-4	1989	The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M) stimulated Met-ENK release, even in the presence of the Na+ -channel blocker tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), a result indicating presynaptic opioid feedback inhibition of Met-ENK release.	Naloxone	31-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
2783452-4	1989	The opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (10(-6) M) stimulated Met-ENK release, even in the presence of the Na+ -channel blocker tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), a result indicating presynaptic opioid feedback inhibition of Met-ENK release.	Naloxone	31-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
2783452-5	1989	The role of gonadal steroids in the control of Met-ENK release in vitro was also examined.	Steroids	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
2472572-8	1989	It is likely that steroid hormones mediate the action of enkephalin on vasopressin secretion in a specific manner.	Steroids	18-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2539233-2	1989	A saturating concentration of the mu-specific ligand [3H]D-ala2-N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin was used to label sites in slide-mounted sections through one level of the thalamus in rats implanted subcutaneously with morphine pellets for 5 days.	Tritium	54-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2540993-0	1989	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate mu-opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin: further evidence for two mu-binding sites.	Morphine	26-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
2540993-0	1989	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate mu-opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin: further evidence for two mu-binding sites.	Naltrexone	39-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
2540993-0	1989	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate mu-opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin: further evidence for two mu-binding sites.	Tritium	98-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
2540993-0	1989	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate mu-opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin: further evidence for two mu-binding sites.	mephe4	109-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
2927299-5	1989	We found that methionine enkephalin produced a 36 mm Hg (range of 20-50 mm Hg) drop in mean arterial pressure (Pa), which was associated with decreases in calculated skeletal muscle vascular resistance in anesthetized rats, and that these effects on arterial pressure and skeletal muscle vascular resistance were blocked by the infusion of naloxone (10 micrograms.kg-1).	Naloxone	340-348	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2539233-2	1989	A saturating concentration of the mu-specific ligand [3H]D-ala2-N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin was used to label sites in slide-mounted sections through one level of the thalamus in rats implanted subcutaneously with morphine pellets for 5 days.	d-ala2-n-methyl-phe4	57-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2540993-0	1989	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate mu-opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin: further evidence for two mu-binding sites.	gly-ol5	116-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
2540013-4	1989	The mu selective ligand [D-Ala2,N-methylPhe4,Glyol5]enkephalin (DAGO) competed with [3H]EKC for more than one population of binding sites with both high and low affinity.	n-methylphe4	32-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2540993-2	1989	Ligand binding studies using membranes and slide-mounted sections of rat brain support the hypothesis that the irreversible mu-antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (FNA) selectively alkylates the opiate receptor complex, altering the binding of mu agonists to the mu cx binding site and the binding of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin to the delta cx site.	beta-funaltrexamine	138-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	315-325
2540993-2	1989	Ligand binding studies using membranes and slide-mounted sections of rat brain support the hypothesis that the irreversible mu-antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (FNA) selectively alkylates the opiate receptor complex, altering the binding of mu agonists to the mu cx binding site and the binding of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin to the delta cx site.	beta-funaltrexamine	159-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	315-325
2540993-5	1989	A prediction based upon these observations is that, using [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin to label mu binding sites, chronic morphine should upregulate only the mu cx binding site, whereas chronic naltrexone should additionally up-regulate the mu ncx binding site.	Tritium	59-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2540993-5	1989	A prediction based upon these observations is that, using [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin to label mu binding sites, chronic morphine should upregulate only the mu cx binding site, whereas chronic naltrexone should additionally up-regulate the mu ncx binding site.	gly-ol5	77-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2540993-5	1989	A prediction based upon these observations is that, using [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin to label mu binding sites, chronic morphine should upregulate only the mu cx binding site, whereas chronic naltrexone should additionally up-regulate the mu ncx binding site.	Morphine	131-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2540013-4	1989	The mu selective ligand [D-Ala2,N-methylPhe4,Glyol5]enkephalin (DAGO) competed with [3H]EKC for more than one population of binding sites with both high and low affinity.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	64-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2540013-4	1989	The mu selective ligand [D-Ala2,N-methylPhe4,Glyol5]enkephalin (DAGO) competed with [3H]EKC for more than one population of binding sites with both high and low affinity.	Tritium	85-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2540013-7	1989	DAGO and not DPDPE competed with 2 nM [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) with high affinity.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2540013-7	1989	DAGO and not DPDPE competed with 2 nM [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE) with high affinity.	DADLE	69-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2558475-1	1989	Monovalent cations such as Na+, K+ and Li+ at 100 mM concentration inhibit the binding of mu and delta opioid agonists (e.g. (3H) dihydromorphine and (3H) D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin), enhance opioid antagonist [(3H) naloxone] binding in rat brain membranes.	(3h) dihydromorphine	125-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
2558475-1	1989	Monovalent cations such as Na+, K+ and Li+ at 100 mM concentration inhibit the binding of mu and delta opioid agonists (e.g. (3H) dihydromorphine and (3H) D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin), enhance opioid antagonist [(3H) naloxone] binding in rat brain membranes.	Tritium	126-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
2564622-10	1989	Enkephalin gene transcription was observed to be 2.5-fold less when grown under depolarizing conditions (50 mM KCl) than in control explants.	Potassium Chloride	111-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2561993-7	1989	Since destruction of the mesostriatal dopamine system elevates the levels of proenkephalin mRNA, but not of prodynorphin mRNA, in the striatal target neurons, it appears that the mesostriatal pathway exerts a tonic and selective suppression of striatal proenkephalin gene expression at the mRNA level.	Dopamine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-90
2744110-6	1989	In addition, a number of the 5-HT/ENK-containing cells were retrogradely labelled with Fluoro-Gold dye that had been injected into the thoracic spinal cord several days prior to perfusion.	2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt	87-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
2565245-0	1989	Evidence for the occurrence of an enkephalin-like peptide in adrenaline and noradrenaline neurons of the rat medulla oblongata.	Epinephrine	61-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
2565245-0	1989	Evidence for the occurrence of an enkephalin-like peptide in adrenaline and noradrenaline neurons of the rat medulla oblongata.	Norepinephrine	76-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
2534967-1	1989	We investigated regulation of the dynamic state of enkephalin and endorphin brain stores during morphine tolerance and dependence using cDNA hybridization and radioimmunoassay of the biologically active peptide(s) and their respective peptide precursors.	Morphine	96-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2561993-7	1989	Since destruction of the mesostriatal dopamine system elevates the levels of proenkephalin mRNA, but not of prodynorphin mRNA, in the striatal target neurons, it appears that the mesostriatal pathway exerts a tonic and selective suppression of striatal proenkephalin gene expression at the mRNA level.	Dopamine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	253-266
2533311-6	1989	The level of beta-endorphin was elevated in the spleen and thymus of morphine tolerant-dependent rats, while the levels of methionine-enkephalin in rats undergoing abrupt or naloxone-precipitated abstinence were significantly higher than in their respective placebo controls.	Naloxone	174-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
2563293-8	1989	Utilizing the delta opioid receptor specific peptide [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, CTOP appeared to be about 2000-fold more specific for mu vs. delta opioid receptor than naloxone.	Tritium	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
2552241-0	1989	A high affinity, highly selective ligand for the delta opioid receptor: [3H]-[D-Pen2, pCl-Phe4, d-Pen5]enkephalin.	3h]-[d-pen2	73-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
2552241-0	1989	A high affinity, highly selective ligand for the delta opioid receptor: [3H]-[D-Pen2, pCl-Phe4, d-Pen5]enkephalin.	pcl-phe4	86-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	Tritium	98-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	Tritium	98-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	[d-penicillamine2	102-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	Serotonin	21-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	Serotonin	21-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	n-methyl-phe4	121-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	155-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	155-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2536429-2	1989	K+-evoked outflow of serotonin was inhibited significantly up to 50% in the presence of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and of the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	d-pen2,	197-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2536429-4	1989	The delta antagonist ICI 174,864 (N,N-diallyl-Tyr1,Aib2,Aib3)Leu-enkephalin potently inhibited the effect of DPDPE but did not affect the inhibition produced by DAGO.	-tyr1	45-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2536429-4	1989	The delta antagonist ICI 174,864 (N,N-diallyl-Tyr1,Aib2,Aib3)Leu-enkephalin potently inhibited the effect of DPDPE but did not affect the inhibition produced by DAGO.	Leucine	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	[d-penicillamine2	102-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	pcl-phe4	121-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2552241-1	1989	Binding characteristics of a new, conformationally constrained, halogenated enkephalin analogue, [3H]-[D-penicillamine2, pCl-Phe4, D-penicillamine5]enkephalin ([3H]pCl-DPDPE), were determined using homogenized rat brain tissue.	Tritium	161-163	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
2533311-9	1989	During abrupt and naloxone-precipitated abstinence, the levels of methionine-enkephalin in the thymus gland are significantly elevated possibly due to an inhibition of their release.	Naloxone	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2464755-4	1989	Proenkephalin RNA levels are stimulated severalfold by FSH and cAMP, but are not significantly affected by LH or testosterone.	Cyclic AMP	63-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
2696556-1	1989	The immunogenic conjugates of [leu]enkephalin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with bisdiazobenzidine and 1,4-benzoquinone as bifunctional reagents have been synthesized.	bis(diazo)benzidine	82-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2566925-1	1989	There was stereospecific binding of 3H-lofentanil (KD value = 1.53 nM) to membranes of neuroblastoma-glioma NG 108-15 cells which are known to bear high affinity binding sites for enkephalin derivatives (delta-opiate receptor subtype).	3h-lofentanil	36-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2566925-3	1989	The specific binding of 3H-lofentanil to delta-opiate receptor subtype was down-regulated (decrease in Bmax value without change in the KD value) after prolonged incubation of the cells in the presence of leu- and met- enkephalin (0.1 microM).	3h-lofentanil	24-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
2566925-6	1989	Drugs of the fentanyl series (4-anilino-piperidines) were potent displacers whereas agonists of the delta- (enkephalin derivatives), sigma- (phencyclidine, haloperidol, 3-hydroxyphenyl-propylpiperidine) or K- (U 50488) opiate sites had a low affinity (Ki greater than 0.5 microM) for 3H-lofentanil specific binding sites.	delta-	100-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
2471221-10	1989	d-Ala-met-enkephalin (DALA, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 micrograms) induced a dose-dependent increase in responding which was also rate-dependent, and reduced quarter-life.	Aminolevulinic Acid	22-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
2796596-1	1989	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the millimicrons opioid agonist D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) on catecholamine-induced arrhythmias.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	125-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
2796596-1	1989	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the millimicrons opioid agonist D-Ala-2-Me-Phe-4-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAGO) on catecholamine-induced arrhythmias.	Catecholamines	134-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
2852323-2	1988	The evoked population spike response in the CA1 region following activation of the Schaffer collateral and commissural afferents was increased following perfusion with the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), and with the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly(O)5ol]enkephalin (DAGO).	[d-ala2,nme-phe4	265-281	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2852323-2	1988	The evoked population spike response in the CA1 region following activation of the Schaffer collateral and commissural afferents was increased following perfusion with the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), and with the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly(O)5ol]enkephalin (DAGO).	Glycine	282-285	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2852323-2	1988	The evoked population spike response in the CA1 region following activation of the Schaffer collateral and commissural afferents was increased following perfusion with the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), and with the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly(O)5ol]enkephalin (DAGO).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	304-308	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2851638-9	1988	The time-course of inhibition of tritium labelled [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin [( 3H]DAGO) binding (mu-opioid sites) revealed that naloxone occupies the mu-receptor for a relatively short period of time.	Tritium	33-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Meptazinol	107-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Meptazinol	107-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	288-298
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Tritium	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Tritium	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	288-298
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	168-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
2852061-4	1988	Using a computerized autoradiographic subtraction technique, we have examined the regional distribution of meptazinol-sensitive [3H][D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) binding and compared this with the distribution of mu 1 binding determined by competition with low [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) concentrations.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	168-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	288-298
2852536-3	1988	In the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor, 1 microM D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin produced a 46 and 35% decrease in the release of [3H]ACh evoked by 15 and 25 mM K+, respectively.	Tritium	130-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2852536-3	1988	In the absence of a cholinesterase inhibitor, 1 microM D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin produced a 46 and 35% decrease in the release of [3H]ACh evoked by 15 and 25 mM K+, respectively.	Acetylcholine	133-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2852536-4	1988	The depressant action of the enkephalin analogue was concentration dependent, with a maximal effect on K+-evoked [3H]ACh release occurring at 1.0 microM, and was completely blocked in the presence of the delta-opioid receptor selective antagonist, ICI 174864 (1 microM).	Tritium	114-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
2852536-4	1988	The depressant action of the enkephalin analogue was concentration dependent, with a maximal effect on K+-evoked [3H]ACh release occurring at 1.0 microM, and was completely blocked in the presence of the delta-opioid receptor selective antagonist, ICI 174864 (1 microM).	Acetylcholine	117-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
2852536-6	1988	Atropine (1 microM) blocked the inhibitory effect of physostigmine on the depressant action of D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin.	Atropine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2852536-6	1988	Atropine (1 microM) blocked the inhibitory effect of physostigmine on the depressant action of D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin.	Physostigmine	53-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2852536-6	1988	Atropine (1 microM) blocked the inhibitory effect of physostigmine on the depressant action of D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin.	d-pen2	95-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3243206-0	1988	Effect of enkephalin analogues Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Cys(Et) and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Cys(Bu) on prolactin and growth hormone release in rats.	tyr-d-ala-gly-phe-cys	31-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
2851638-9	1988	The time-course of inhibition of tritium labelled [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin [( 3H]DAGO) binding (mu-opioid sites) revealed that naloxone occupies the mu-receptor for a relatively short period of time.	[d-ala2-n-me-phe4	50-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2851638-9	1988	The time-course of inhibition of tritium labelled [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin [( 3H]DAGO) binding (mu-opioid sites) revealed that naloxone occupies the mu-receptor for a relatively short period of time.	Tritium	89-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2851638-9	1988	The time-course of inhibition of tritium labelled [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin [( 3H]DAGO) binding (mu-opioid sites) revealed that naloxone occupies the mu-receptor for a relatively short period of time.	Naloxone	140-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2853850-4	1988	Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of heart extracts indicated that the major form of ir-Leu-Enk in SHR rats coelutes with synthetic Leu-Enk and is increased by an approximate factor of 4.2-fold as compared with its eluting counterpart in the WKY chromatogram.	Leucine	117-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
2908056-5	1988	In contrast, the enkephalin-like immunoreactive patches in the marginal zone occupied a smaller area, and showed only an incomplete, albeit significant overlap with the tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactive/dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-like immunoreactive system.	Dopamine	210-218	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2853850-4	1988	Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) of heart extracts indicated that the major form of ir-Leu-Enk in SHR rats coelutes with synthetic Leu-Enk and is increased by an approximate factor of 4.2-fold as compared with its eluting counterpart in the WKY chromatogram.	Leucine	117-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
2853850-5	1988	The delta-selective opioid ligand, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-Enk [( 3H]DPDPE) bound to two distinct receptor sites in membrane preparations of hearts from WKY rats with Kd of 1.33 and 22.8 nM and Bmax of 3.9 and 14.6 pmol/g protein, respectively.	Tritium	36-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2853850-5	1988	The delta-selective opioid ligand, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-Enk [( 3H]DPDPE) bound to two distinct receptor sites in membrane preparations of hearts from WKY rats with Kd of 1.33 and 22.8 nM and Bmax of 3.9 and 14.6 pmol/g protein, respectively.	d-pen2	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2853850-5	1988	The delta-selective opioid ligand, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-Enk [( 3H]DPDPE) bound to two distinct receptor sites in membrane preparations of hearts from WKY rats with Kd of 1.33 and 22.8 nM and Bmax of 3.9 and 14.6 pmol/g protein, respectively.	d-pen5	48-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2853850-5	1988	The delta-selective opioid ligand, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-Enk [( 3H]DPDPE) bound to two distinct receptor sites in membrane preparations of hearts from WKY rats with Kd of 1.33 and 22.8 nM and Bmax of 3.9 and 14.6 pmol/g protein, respectively.	Tritium	63-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2853850-7	1988	These data indicate that the hypertensive state in SHR rats is manifested through a rise in the cardiac level of Leu-Enk and a selective down-regulation of its low-affinity delta-opioid receptor.	Leucine	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
3171591-0	1988	Studies on the tissue distribution of the puromycin-sensitive enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases.	Puromycin	42-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
3069240-5	1988	In adult females, the maintenance of immunohistochemically detectable levels of m-ENK in this fiber system is dependent upon the presence of gonadal steroids, especially estradiol.	Steroids	149-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
3069240-5	1988	In adult females, the maintenance of immunohistochemically detectable levels of m-ENK in this fiber system is dependent upon the presence of gonadal steroids, especially estradiol.	Estradiol	170-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
3069240-6	1988	Therefore, we examined whether exposure of pre-pubertal females to estradiol would result in precocious expression of the m-ENK fiber plexus.	Estradiol	67-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
3069240-7	1988	The results of this experiment demonstrate that exposure to estradiol for 7 days induces the full expression of the m-ENK fiber system in the pePOA of prepubertal females, such that it was indistinguishable from that seen in mature animals.	Estradiol	60-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
2846819-6	1988	The results demonstrate that beta-FNA alters the conformation of the opiate receptor complex, as evidenced by a decrease in the Bmax of the lower affinity [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin binding site and a doubling of the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H]D-Ala3-D-Leu5-enkephalin from this site.	beta-funaltrexamine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
2846819-6	1988	The results demonstrate that beta-FNA alters the conformation of the opiate receptor complex, as evidenced by a decrease in the Bmax of the lower affinity [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin binding site and a doubling of the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H]D-Ala3-D-Leu5-enkephalin from this site.	beta-funaltrexamine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	266-276
2846819-6	1988	The results demonstrate that beta-FNA alters the conformation of the opiate receptor complex, as evidenced by a decrease in the Bmax of the lower affinity [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin binding site and a doubling of the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H]D-Ala3-D-Leu5-enkephalin from this site.	Tritium	156-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
2846819-7	1988	[3H]D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin binding sites were not detectably altered by i.c.v.	Tritium	1-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3211364-0	1988	Effects of exposure in utero to methadone and buprenorphine on enkephalin levels in the developing rat brain.	Methadone	32-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
3211364-0	1988	Effects of exposure in utero to methadone and buprenorphine on enkephalin levels in the developing rat brain.	Buprenorphine	46-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2850064-4	1988	The membrane was hyperpolarized by the opioid peptides Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAGOL, 0.01-1 microM) and [Met5]enkephalin (3-30 microM), though not by Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen and U50488.	Enkephalin, pen(2,5)-	155-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
2850064-4	1988	The membrane was hyperpolarized by the opioid peptides Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAGOL, 0.01-1 microM) and [Met5]enkephalin (3-30 microM), though not by Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen and U50488.	3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer	183-189	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
2850064-5	1988	In two experiments, naloxone competitively antagonized the effects of DAGOL and [Met]enkephalin with equilibrium dissociation constants of 0.8 and 3.2 nM, respectively.	Naloxone	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2850064-12	1988	Muscarine has been shown previously to increase the potassium conductance by an action at M2-receptors: the potassium currents induced by maximal concentrations of muscarine, baclofen and [Met5]enkephalin were non-additive, indicating that these agonists opened the same population of potassium channels.	Potassium	52-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
2850064-12	1988	Muscarine has been shown previously to increase the potassium conductance by an action at M2-receptors: the potassium currents induced by maximal concentrations of muscarine, baclofen and [Met5]enkephalin were non-additive, indicating that these agonists opened the same population of potassium channels.	Potassium	108-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
2459307-1	1988	The time course changes in levels of mRNA encoding glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and proenkephalin (PPE) was analyzed in the rat striatum following unilateral lesion of substantia nigra with 6-hydroxydopamine.	Oxidopamine	195-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-102
2846828-4	1988	The binding of [3H]-D-Ala2MePhe4Glyol enkephalin (3H-DAGO) to mu opioid sites was increased in many brain regions after chronic administration (7 days) of a low dose of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg/hr).	3h-dago	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2846828-4	1988	The binding of [3H]-D-Ala2MePhe4Glyol enkephalin (3H-DAGO) to mu opioid sites was increased in many brain regions after chronic administration (7 days) of a low dose of naloxone (0.5 mg/kg/hr).	Naloxone	169-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2851117-1	1988	In vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography was performed on frozen sections of rat and human brain to visualize delta opiate receptors using the specific ligand [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin.	Tritium	166-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
2851117-1	1988	In vitro quantitative receptor autoradiography was performed on frozen sections of rat and human brain to visualize delta opiate receptors using the specific ligand [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin.	d-pen5	178-184	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
2851117-2	1988	For comparison, rat brain sections were also labelled with [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin.	Tritium	60-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2851117-3	1988	Compounds which block mu and kappa binding were included to make the [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin binding more specific.	Tritium	70-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2851117-5	1988	Sites labelled with [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin were distributed heterogeneously within the layers of the frontal and parietal cerebral cortex, with high densities in the superficial and deep cortical layers.	Tritium	21-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2851117-7	1988	The distribution of [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin binding sites was similar to that of [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, except that there was less heterogeneity in the frontal cortex.	Tritium	21-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3211364-3	1988	Methadone at 8 mg/kg but not 4 mg/kg significantly reduced enkephalin levels in the striatum.	Methadone	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
3171591-1	1988	An antiserum generated to the soluble form of the rat brain puromycin-sensitive enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase was used to determine the tissue distribution of the soluble and membrane-associated forms of this enzyme.	Puromycin	60-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
2845983-1	1988	Partially purified opioid receptors, obtained from rat brains using an affinity resin, AF-Amino Toyopearl with [D-Ala2, Leu5]enkephalin, were reconstituted with an inhibitory GTP-binding protein (Gi).	Guanosine Triphosphate	175-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
2902210-5	1988	Among other alternatives, it is suggested that enkephalin hydrolysis in plasma may appear to be unique because of differences in enzyme conformation and/or the availability of a substance(s) that competes with, or alters the binding of, [leu] enkephalin, DALLE or the inhibitors to the enzymes.	Leucine	238-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
2902210-5	1988	Among other alternatives, it is suggested that enkephalin hydrolysis in plasma may appear to be unique because of differences in enzyme conformation and/or the availability of a substance(s) that competes with, or alters the binding of, [leu] enkephalin, DALLE or the inhibitors to the enzymes.	Leucine	238-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	243-253
2460751-0	1988	Gonadal steroids regulate proenkephalin gene expression in a tissue-specific manner within the female reproductive system.	Steroids	8-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-39
2852045-6	1988	Bath application (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO), (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalinamide (DADLEA), or (D-Ala2,D-Met5)-enkephalinamide (DADMEA) produced dose-dependent, reversible hyperpolarization in about 75% of the neurons tested.	n-me-phe4	25-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2460751-9	1988	These distinct steroid responses appear to account for tissue- and species-related differences in the variation of proenkephalin gene expression during the estrous cycle in the rodent ovary and uterus.	Steroids	15-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-128
2853837-1	1988	The diazomethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin were synthesized.	diazomethyl ketones	4-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
2853837-1	1988	The diazomethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin were synthesized.	diazomethyl ketones	4-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2853838-0	1988	Evidence that long-term administration of a methionine-enkephalin analogue stimulates the growth and steroidogenic capacity of rat inner adrenocortical cells.	Methionine	44-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
2853057-5	1988	The pA2 values for antagonism by naloxone in low calcium of the mu-selective peptide [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin and other mu- or delta-selective agonists were consistent with an action at mu-receptors only.	Naloxone	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2853057-5	1988	The pA2 values for antagonism by naloxone in low calcium of the mu-selective peptide [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin and other mu- or delta-selective agonists were consistent with an action at mu-receptors only.	gly(ol)5	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2853057-9	1988	Responses to both [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin were attenuated by the irreversible antagonists beta-funaltrexamine and beta-chlornaltrexamine.	mephe4	26-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2853057-9	1988	Responses to both [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin were attenuated by the irreversible antagonists beta-funaltrexamine and beta-chlornaltrexamine.	beta-funaltrexamine	120-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2853057-9	1988	Responses to both [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin were attenuated by the irreversible antagonists beta-funaltrexamine and beta-chlornaltrexamine.	chlornaltrexamine	144-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2902901-2	1988	Peptides were injected into the paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamic nuclei, D-Ala2-NMePhe4-Gly(ol)-enkephalin, a mu-selective opioid agonist, tended to increase water intake in non-deprived rats, but 0.01 and 0.1 microgram significantly decreased water intake for 45 min in deprived rats, and for up to 60 min in hypertonic saline-injected rats when injected into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.	d-ala2-nmephe4-gly	84-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
2847072-0	1988	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate[3H][D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding sites by different mechanisms.	Morphine	26-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
3235505-3	1988	The method permits the simple and sensitive detection of N-terminal tyrosine-containing fragments of the enkephalin peptide.	Tyrosine	68-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
3216286-3	1988	The analgesic effect of D-Enk was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.).	Naloxone	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
3216286-6	1988	The antitussive effect of D-Enk was antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.).	Naloxone	69-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
2847072-0	1988	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate[3H][D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding sites by different mechanisms.	Naltrexone	39-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
3050621-5	1988	We speculate that a major function of endogenous enkephalin-containing fibers projecting to the dentate is to dampen afferent synaptic transmission.	dentate	96-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2847072-0	1988	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate[3H][D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding sites by different mechanisms.	Tritium	62-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
2847072-0	1988	Chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate[3H][D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding sites by different mechanisms.	d-ala2,d-leu5	66-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
2847072-1	1988	Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin, without producing a detectable alteration in the higher affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (Rothman et al., Eur.	Morphine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2847072-1	1988	Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin, without producing a detectable alteration in the higher affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (Rothman et al., Eur.	Morphine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	256-266
2847072-1	1988	Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin, without producing a detectable alteration in the higher affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (Rothman et al., Eur.	Tritium	125-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2847072-1	1988	Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin, without producing a detectable alteration in the higher affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (Rothman et al., Eur.	Tritium	125-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2847072-4	1988	The experiments reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulated the binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin by different mechanisms.	Morphine	92-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
2847072-4	1988	The experiments reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulated the binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin by different mechanisms.	Naltrexone	105-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
2847072-4	1988	The experiments reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulated the binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin by different mechanisms.	Tritium	152-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
2847072-4	1988	The experiments reported in this paper tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulated the binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin by different mechanisms.	d-leu5	163-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
2847072-6	1988	Chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity site, while chronic administration of naltrexone up-regulated both the higher and lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin.	Morphine	26-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2847072-6	1988	Chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity site, while chronic administration of naltrexone up-regulated both the higher and lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin.	Naltrexone	105-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2847072-6	1988	Chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity site, while chronic administration of naltrexone up-regulated both the higher and lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin.	Tritium	183-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2847072-6	1988	Chronic administration of morphine up-regulated the lower affinity site, while chronic administration of naltrexone up-regulated both the higher and lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin.	d-leu5	194-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2847072-7	1988	Unlike the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin present in membranes prepared from rats treated with placebo pellets, the lower affinity binding sites which were up-regulated by naltrexone and morphine were partially (naltrexone) or completely (morphine) labile to preincubation for 60 min at 25 degrees C in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, containing 0.4 M NaCl.	Tritium	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2847072-7	1988	Unlike the lower affinity binding site for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin present in membranes prepared from rats treated with placebo pellets, the lower affinity binding sites which were up-regulated by naltrexone and morphine were partially (naltrexone) or completely (morphine) labile to preincubation for 60 min at 25 degrees C in 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, containing 0.4 M NaCl.	d-leu5	55-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Morphine	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Morphine	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Naltrexone	63-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Naltrexone	63-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Tritium	105-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Tritium	105-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	d-leu5	116-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Tritium	211-213	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Tritium	211-213	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	d-leu5	223-229	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Morphine	293-301	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2847072-8	1988	These data suggest that chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone up-regulate binding sites for [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin through different mechanisms, and that the lower affinity binding sites for [3H][D-ala2, D-leu5]enkephalin which are up-regulated by chronic administration of morphine and naltrexone might differ biochemically from the lower affinity binding sites present in membranes treated with placebo.	Naltrexone	306-316	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
3179742-8	1988	This is in contrast to the tonic suppression of proenkephalin gene expression mediated by the mesostriatal dopamine pathway.	Dopamine	107-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
3135174-0	1988	Enkephalin inhibits dopamine synthesis in vitro in the median eminence portion of rat hypothalamic slices.	Dopamine	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3135174-1	1988	The effect of enkephalin on dopamine synthesis in vitro in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons was investigated in rat hypothalamic slices.	Dopamine	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
3135174-3	1988	The enkephalin agonist [D-Ala2]Met-enkephalinamide (ENKamide) decreased the rate of basal DOPA accumulation in the median eminence portion of hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized rats at concentrations over 2 microM.	enkamide	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3135174-3	1988	The enkephalin agonist [D-Ala2]Met-enkephalinamide (ENKamide) decreased the rate of basal DOPA accumulation in the median eminence portion of hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized rats at concentrations over 2 microM.	Dihydroxyphenylalanine	90-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3135174-8	1988	These results suggest that enkephalin, by acting directly on axon terminals of TIDA neurons in the median eminence, inhibits basal dopamine synthesis.	Dopamine	131-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2846934-0	1988	Study on the receptor subtypes mediating the analgesic action of an enkephalin analog, Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399).	tyr-d-met	87-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2846934-0	1988	Study on the receptor subtypes mediating the analgesic action of an enkephalin analog, Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399).	(o)-gly-etphe-nhnhcoch3	96-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2846934-0	1988	Study on the receptor subtypes mediating the analgesic action of an enkephalin analog, Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399).	Acetic Acid	120-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2455787-6	1988	Methionine enkephalin (1 microM) or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin inhibited KCl-stimulated amylase release by 32 +/- 4 and 45 +/- 4%, respectively.	Potassium Chloride	73-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3069065-6	1988	The effects of AcS-morphine on the specific binding of [3H]-naloxone, [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine and [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin to the membrane fractions from the rat brain were tested.	acs-morphine	15-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
2458188-0	1988	Ultrastructural localization of immunolabeled substance P and methionine-enkephalin-octapeptide in the surface layer of the dorsal horn of rat spinal cord.	Methionine	62-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
2455787-6	1988	Methionine enkephalin (1 microM) or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin inhibited KCl-stimulated amylase release by 32 +/- 4 and 45 +/- 4%, respectively.	Potassium Chloride	73-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2455787-11	1988	To examine the ability of methionine enkephalin to alter acetylcholine release from pancreatic tissue, pancreatic lobules were incubated with [3H]choline and the release of synthesized [3H]acetylcholine was stimulated by KCl.	Acetylcholine	57-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2839673-9	1988	Hypothermic responses to U50488H were not blocked by naloxone, whereas hypothermic responses to [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin in unrestrained rats were potentiated by naloxone.	Naloxone	164-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
2845291-10	1988	The mu-agonist (D-Ala2, MePhe5 Gly-ol)-enkephalin also failed to inhibit [3H]-noradrenaline release and caused only a minor inhibition of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion.	mephe5 gly-ol	24-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2837232-5	1988	Fourth, an additional injection of dynorphin (1-13) or ethylketocyclazocine (kappa agonist) also increased the serum concentrations of preadministered [125I-Tyr27]beta-EP but injection of Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (delta agonist) or naloxone (mu antagonist) did not, suggesting kappa-type binding sites in the lung.	Ethylketocyclazocine	55-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
2458542-13	1988	After colchicine treatment, both enkephalin- and substance P-positive cell bodies were visualized.	Colchicine	6-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
3042094-6	1988	injection of 1000 ng/100 g of Met-enkephalin reproduced the t-p inhibitory effect.	Pro-Thr-Thr-Lys-Thr-Tyr-Phe-Pro-His-Phe	60-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3042094-9	1988	The results obtained with central alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and central noradrenergic chemical destruction, or central alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, support the production of a reinforcement of the alpha-adrenoceptor stress stimulation by the t-p procedure, probably through noradrenaline and enkephalin mediation.	Pro-Thr-Thr-Lys-Thr-Tyr-Phe-Pro-His-Phe	247-250	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	297-307
3395450-1	1988	A very high correlation was found in rats between latency to escape on the first trial of an active avoidance task and the rate at which [leu]enkephalin is hydrolyzed in plasma.	Leucine	138-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
2851562-0	1988	Synthesis and receptor binding characteristics of [D-Ala2, cysteamine 5] enkephalin, a thiol-containing probe for structural elements of opiate receptors.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	87-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
2851562-1	1988	For the elucidation of structural elements in the opiate receptors, a thiol-containing enkephalin analog [D-Ala2, cysteamine 5]enkephalin, and its dimeric analog were synthesized and evaluated in the radio-ligand receptor binding assays using rat brain membranes.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	70-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2851562-1	1988	For the elucidation of structural elements in the opiate receptors, a thiol-containing enkephalin analog [D-Ala2, cysteamine 5]enkephalin, and its dimeric analog were synthesized and evaluated in the radio-ligand receptor binding assays using rat brain membranes.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	70-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	41-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	41-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	260-270
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	183-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	183-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	260-270
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	183-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2851562-3	1988	Comparison of receptor affinities of the thiol-containing enkephalin with those of standard mu or delta receptor specific ligands suggested that the mu receptor contains an essential thiol group which may interact with the thiol group at the C-terminus of the enkephalin analog.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	183-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	260-270
2838332-0	1988	A highly selective ligand for brain delta opiate receptors, a cyclopropyl(E)Phe(4)-enkephalin analog, suppresses mu receptor-mediated thermal analgesia by morphine.	Morphine	155-163	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
2838332-1	1988	[D-Ala(2)(2R,3S)-delta(E)Phe(4)Leu(5)]enkephalin (CP-OH) [delta denoting cyclopropyl; superscript E indicating the E-configuration about the cyclopropane ring], a highly selective opioid ligand for delta receptors in rat brain, but not for those in the mouse vas deferens, was examined for in vivo biological activities by intracerebroventricular administration.	[d-ala(2)(2r,3s)-delta(e)phe	0-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2838332-1	1988	[D-Ala(2)(2R,3S)-delta(E)Phe(4)Leu(5)]enkephalin (CP-OH) [delta denoting cyclopropyl; superscript E indicating the E-configuration about the cyclopropane ring], a highly selective opioid ligand for delta receptors in rat brain, but not for those in the mouse vas deferens, was examined for in vivo biological activities by intracerebroventricular administration.	cp-oh	50-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2838332-1	1988	[D-Ala(2)(2R,3S)-delta(E)Phe(4)Leu(5)]enkephalin (CP-OH) [delta denoting cyclopropyl; superscript E indicating the E-configuration about the cyclopropane ring], a highly selective opioid ligand for delta receptors in rat brain, but not for those in the mouse vas deferens, was examined for in vivo biological activities by intracerebroventricular administration.	cyclopropane	141-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2841009-12	1988	This enkephalin mediated locomotor response was blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg).	Opiate Alkaloids	63-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
2841009-12	1988	This enkephalin mediated locomotor response was blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone (2 mg/kg).	Naloxone	81-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
3401703-14	1988	Similarly, as in AM, DEX produced increase in the SCG pEK mRNA only in HPX (+68%) and not in the SO rats.	Dexamethasone	21-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
3401703-15	1988	In SCG, DEX produced decreases in total ME-LI which could be attributed to an increased enkephalin release.	Dexamethasone	8-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
3401703-15	1988	In SCG, DEX produced decreases in total ME-LI which could be attributed to an increased enkephalin release.	me-li	40-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
3410635-1	1988	Different synthetic strategies have been attempted for the synthesis of a glycosylpeptide resulting from the covalent bonding of a sugar residue to the C-terminal carboxyl group of an enkephalin related pentapeptide.	Sugars	131-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
3360795-3	1988	Activity was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Arg0-Met5-enkephalin (Arg0-enk)* as substrate in the presence of bestatin, thiorphan, and captopril.	ubenimex	141-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
3360795-3	1988	Activity was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using Arg0-Met5-enkephalin (Arg0-enk)* as substrate in the presence of bestatin, thiorphan, and captopril.	Captopril	166-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
3410377-0	1988	[Changes in the potentiation effect of [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalin on pressor responses to l-adrenaline in adrenal-enucleated rats].	Epinephrine	89-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
2840299-1	1988	Dopamine D-1 receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from superfused rat neostriatal slices was strongly inhibited by the delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 microM), and by the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO, 1 microM).	Cyclic AMP	33-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
2840299-1	1988	Dopamine D-1 receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from superfused rat neostriatal slices was strongly inhibited by the delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 microM), and by the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO, 1 microM).	Cyclic AMP	33-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	259-269
2840299-1	1988	Dopamine D-1 receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from superfused rat neostriatal slices was strongly inhibited by the delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 microM), and by the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO, 1 microM).	mephe4,	244-251	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
3041310-2	1988	Chronic administration of haloperidol (2.4 mg/kg/day for 7 days) increased the levels of proenkephalin mRNA in both striatum and nucleus accumbens.	Haloperidol	26-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-102
2456219-5	1988	In addition, [Leu5]enkephalin (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) decreased the prolactin-induced in vitro dopamine release from dorsal striatal fragments superfused with Krebs-Ringer phosphate-TTX medium.	Dopamine	93-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2456219-5	1988	In addition, [Leu5]enkephalin (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) decreased the prolactin-induced in vitro dopamine release from dorsal striatal fragments superfused with Krebs-Ringer phosphate-TTX medium.	krebs	157-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2456219-5	1988	In addition, [Leu5]enkephalin (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) decreased the prolactin-induced in vitro dopamine release from dorsal striatal fragments superfused with Krebs-Ringer phosphate-TTX medium.	phosphate-ttx medium	170-190	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
3410377-6	1988	2) In the control male and female rats, the 5 min pretreatment with enkephalin enhanced the pressor response to l-adrenaline, and the pressor effect of enkephalin plus l-adrenaline was suppressed by pretreatment with naloxone (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.).	Epinephrine	112-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
3410377-6	1988	2) In the control male and female rats, the 5 min pretreatment with enkephalin enhanced the pressor response to l-adrenaline, and the pressor effect of enkephalin plus l-adrenaline was suppressed by pretreatment with naloxone (2.5 mg/kg, s.c.).	Naloxone	217-225	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3410377-7	1988	On the other hand, in the 3WAdMx male and female rats, the pressor effect of l-adrenaline was almost completely suppressed by pretreatment with enkephalin.	Epinephrine	77-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
3410377-8	1988	Moreover, pretreatment with naloxone resulted in an increase in BP after administration of enkephalin plus l-adrenaline in the 3WAdMx female rats.	Naloxone	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
3410377-10	1988	The results suggest that the lack from immature age of catecholamine and enkephalin which originate from the adrenal medulla appears to alter the responsiveness of the BP regulatory system to exogenous catecholamine and enkephalin in the rat.	Catecholamines	55-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
3419535-2	1988	In these cells, the basal release of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 immunoreactivity (MERF-IR) into the medium was significantly decreased when the cultures were pretreated with 0.2 microM reserpine for 3 days.	Reserpine	184-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
3392667-4	1988	Enkephalin blocked the hyperpolarization of pyramidal cells evoked by application of glutamate to synaptically coupled inhibitory interneurones.	Glutamic Acid	85-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3392667-6	1988	Enkephalin hyperpolarized interneurones, most probably by increasing potassium conductance; this action was blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone.	Potassium	69-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3392667-6	1988	Enkephalin hyperpolarized interneurones, most probably by increasing potassium conductance; this action was blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone.	Opiate Alkaloids	123-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3392667-6	1988	Enkephalin hyperpolarized interneurones, most probably by increasing potassium conductance; this action was blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone.	Naloxone	142-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2450174-5	1988	[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin, which decreased cyclic AMP levels and reversed the 2-chloroadenosine-stimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in differentiated PC12 cells, also reversed the stimulation of phosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein in NCB-20 cells.	Cyclic AMP	44-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
2450174-5	1988	[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin, which decreased cyclic AMP levels and reversed the 2-chloroadenosine-stimulated phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in differentiated PC12 cells, also reversed the stimulation of phosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein in NCB-20 cells.	2-Chloroadenosine	79-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
2838796-2	1988	3H derivates: D-Ala2-enkephalin and Naloxone were used as labeled ligands.	Tritium	0-2	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3401900-4	1988	We visualized methionine-enkephalin fibers in the rat brain by incubating tissue sections with a specific polyclonal antibody and peroxidase-conjugated protein A.	Methionine	14-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2453939-0	1988	Modified ontogenesis of enkephalin and substance P containing neurons after perinatal exposure to morphine.	Morphine	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
3291643-8	1988	If naloxone a potent opiate antagonist, is added to the culture medium previously to HCG or enkephalins, the Sertoli cells cytoplasma are no more immunoreactives with the anti-enkephalin serum and no LHRH material is neither visualized by immunohistochemical technique neither detected in culture media.	Naloxone	3-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
3387454-3	1988	Moreover, [met]enkephalin plasma concentrations were significantly decreased in rats treated with drug affecting the serotoninergic system such as reserpine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or parachlorophenylalanine, while depletion of the catecholaminergic system by alfa-methyl-thyrosine did not affect the concentrations of the peptide.	Reserpine	147-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3401900-12	1988	This standard curve was constructed by measuring endogenous concentrations of methionine-enkephalin by radioimmunoassay in specific brain regions and correlating these values with quantitative autoradiographic determinations in homologous areas of adjacent sections.	Methionine	78-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
3359259-0	1988	Diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin in the brain of pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats.	Pentylenetetrazole	56-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
3387454-3	1988	Moreover, [met]enkephalin plasma concentrations were significantly decreased in rats treated with drug affecting the serotoninergic system such as reserpine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or parachlorophenylalanine, while depletion of the catecholaminergic system by alfa-methyl-thyrosine did not affect the concentrations of the peptide.	5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine	158-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3387454-3	1988	Moreover, [met]enkephalin plasma concentrations were significantly decreased in rats treated with drug affecting the serotoninergic system such as reserpine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or parachlorophenylalanine, while depletion of the catecholaminergic system by alfa-methyl-thyrosine did not affect the concentrations of the peptide.	Fenclonine	185-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3387454-3	1988	Moreover, [met]enkephalin plasma concentrations were significantly decreased in rats treated with drug affecting the serotoninergic system such as reserpine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or parachlorophenylalanine, while depletion of the catecholaminergic system by alfa-methyl-thyrosine did not affect the concentrations of the peptide.	alfa-methyl-thyrosine	261-282	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3188958-0	1988	Reserpine increases proenkephalin mRNA content in rat corpus striatum.	Reserpine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-33
3359259-7	1988	The results suggest that PTZ kindling in rats produces a long-lasting alteration on diurnal variations of IR-Met-enkephalin levels in limbic structures.	Pentylenetetrazole	25-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
3393577-9	1988	Conformational studies in solution by CD, energy transfer and in solid state by IR spectroscopy indicated that Trp4-Met5 enkephalin adopts a beta-turn conformation.	Cadmium	38-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
3129130-4	1988	Inhibition of Ca2+ influx prevented the effects of KCl-induced depolarization on the rise in Leu-Enk and on prepro-EK.	Potassium Chloride	51-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
3129130-4	1988	Inhibition of Ca2+ influx prevented the effects of KCl-induced depolarization on the rise in Leu-Enk and on prepro-EK.	Leucine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
3129130-6	1988	By contrast, medullae grown in the presence of A23187, but in Ca2+-free medium, showed similar increases in prepro-EK mRNA and Leu-Enk, indicating an absolute requirement for Ca2+.	Calcimycin	47-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
3129130-6	1988	By contrast, medullae grown in the presence of A23187, but in Ca2+-free medium, showed similar increases in prepro-EK mRNA and Leu-Enk, indicating an absolute requirement for Ca2+.	Leucine	127-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
2827687-1	1988	The effects of fentanyl isothiocyanate (FIT) and pertussis toxin on the binding of [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) to rat brain membranes were compared.	fentanyl isothiocyanate	15-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
2827687-1	1988	The effects of fentanyl isothiocyanate (FIT) and pertussis toxin on the binding of [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) to rat brain membranes were compared.	fentanyl isothiocyanate	40-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
2827687-1	1988	The effects of fentanyl isothiocyanate (FIT) and pertussis toxin on the binding of [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) to rat brain membranes were compared.	Tritium	84-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
2827687-1	1988	The effects of fentanyl isothiocyanate (FIT) and pertussis toxin on the binding of [3H]D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) to rat brain membranes were compared.	Tritium	115-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
2835995-3	1988	The inhibiting effect of GppNp on the formation of the morphine and D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin complexes with high affinity opioid receptor binding sites is due to the decrease of the ligand affinity for the corresponding sites.	LHRH (1-6)	25-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
2963966-0	1988	Effect of chronic morphine on plasma and brain beta endorphin and methionine enkephalin in pregnant rats and in their fetuses or newborn.	Morphine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
3342116-0	1988	Behavioral cross-sensitization between cocaine and enkephalin in the A10 dopamine region.	Cocaine	39-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
3377707-1	1988	The effect of opiate peptides (leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin) as well as of enkephalin synthetic analogs (two tetrapeptides and dalargin hexapeptide) on the activity of blood enzymes CPK and LDG1, the scope of myocardial infarction and ultrastructure of periinfarction cardiomyocytes has been studied on 200 white outbred rats with simulated myocardial infarction.	Methionine	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
3342116-0	1988	Behavioral cross-sensitization between cocaine and enkephalin in the A10 dopamine region.	Dopamine	73-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2833940-5	1988	The experimental results obtained through the use of the difference technique led to a kinetic model of interaction between morphine and D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin with rat brain receptors.	Morphine	124-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3342116-3	1988	The data in this report demonstrate that rats receiving daily injection of enkephalin analogue into the A10 have an enhanced motor stimulant response to intraperitoneal cocaine, but not to saline.	Cocaine	169-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
3342116-4	1988	Conversely, rats receiving daily injection of intraperitoneal cocaine have an enhanced motor stimulant response to intra-A10 injection of enkephalin analogue.	Cocaine	62-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	alanylhistidine	164-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	Sepharose	167-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	DEAE-Cellulose	148-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	Durapatite	178-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	sephadex	195-209	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	Cibacron Blue F 3GA	211-223	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	ah-sepharose	164-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-1	1988	The major cytosolic and membrane-associated enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases were purified in parallel by column chromatography successively on DEAE-cellulose, AH-Sepharose, hydroxylapatite, Sephadex G-200, Affigel Blue, AH-Sepharose, and hydroxylapatite.	Durapatite	243-258	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3172279-9	1988	Mn2+ activates SI on Met-enkephalin degradation, but inhibits SII, MI, and MII.	Manganese(2+)	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2894701-0	1988	Morphine-like discriminative stimulus effects of opioid peptides: possible modulatory role of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) and dynorphin A (1-13).	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
3127844-3	1988	In the striatum, each antidepressant decreased the enkephalin content, while lithium or haloperidol, having an antimanic effect, increased the enkephalin content.	Lithium	77-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
3127844-3	1988	In the striatum, each antidepressant decreased the enkephalin content, while lithium or haloperidol, having an antimanic effect, increased the enkephalin content.	Haloperidol	88-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
3146768-15	1988	The results are discussed in terms of a modulatory role of endogenous enkephalin on mesolimbic dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	95-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2828802-2	1988	Binding saturation experiments were performed in rat brain crude membrane preparations with the opioid mu-selective ligand [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), using a sequential procedure.	Tritium	124-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2828802-2	1988	Binding saturation experiments were performed in rat brain crude membrane preparations with the opioid mu-selective ligand [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), using a sequential procedure.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	163-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
3441305-0	1987	Anatomical study of enkephalin gene expression in the rat forebrain following haloperidol treatment.	Haloperidol	78-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
2894701-4	1988	In contrast, DPLPE[D-Pen2,L-Pen5)enkephalin], which has much greater delta receptor selectivity than does DADL, and dynorphin A(1-13) (0.1-10 micrograms), a kappa-receptor agonist, engendered choice responding appropriate for saline.	d-pen2	19-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
2889804-0	1987	Neonatal and adult 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions differentially alter tachykinin and enkephalin gene expression.	Oxidopamine	19-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
2892145-8	1987	The CS release evoked by morphine, D-Met-Pro-Enk, Met-Enk and DYN was demonstrable only in the morning when the basal CS level was significantly lower than in the afternoon.	Corticosterone	4-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
2892145-8	1987	The CS release evoked by morphine, D-Met-Pro-Enk, Met-Enk and DYN was demonstrable only in the morning when the basal CS level was significantly lower than in the afternoon.	Corticosterone	4-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2892145-8	1987	The CS release evoked by morphine, D-Met-Pro-Enk, Met-Enk and DYN was demonstrable only in the morning when the basal CS level was significantly lower than in the afternoon.	Corticosterone	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
2892145-8	1987	The CS release evoked by morphine, D-Met-Pro-Enk, Met-Enk and DYN was demonstrable only in the morning when the basal CS level was significantly lower than in the afternoon.	Corticosterone	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2892574-1	1987	In opiate-naive rats, the endogenous opioid peptides, beta-endorphin, dynorphin(1-13) and Met-Enk-Arg-Phe (MEAP) and the synthetic enkephalin analogue D-Ala2-D-Leu5-Enk (DADLE) potently stimulated plasma corticosterone in a dose-dependent, naloxone reversible manner.	d-ala2-d-leu5-enk	151-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
2889804-3	1987	[Met5]Enkephalin (ME) content was increased in striatal tissue from both 6-OHDA-lesioned groups when compared with unlesioned controls.	Oxidopamine	73-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	Potassium	44-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
3479550-3	1987	When tested on slices of rat globus pallidus in the presence of bestatin, to block the aminopeptidase pathway of enkephalin degradation, both Thiorphan enantiomers ensured a complete protection of endogenous (Met5)enkephalin released by depolarization and a suppression of the increase in the extracellular levels of Tyr-Gly-Gly, a characteristic enkephalin metabolite.	Thiorphan	142-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	Potassium	44-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	Potassium	44-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	Potassium	44-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	gly5-ol	172-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	gly5-ol	172-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2824980-3	1987	Tolerance to the opioid-induced increase in potassium conductance was observed, and this was more pronounced for normorphine than for [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, Mephe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin: experiments with the irreversible receptor blocker beta-chlornaltrexamine indicated that normorphine had lower intrinsic efficacy than [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2 MePhe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	gly5-ol	172-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
3441443-0	1987	Nicotine-induced alterations in brain regional concentrations of native and cryptic Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
3441443-4	1987	Also, the distributions of native and cryptic Met-enkephalin were distinct from that of Leu-enkephalin.	Leucine	88-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
2823997-10	1987	These results suggest that the administration of TRH or the blockade of delta-opioid receptors, resulting in an inhibition of endogenous enkephalin transmission, may significantly inhibit ethanol narcosis in the rat.	Ethanol	188-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
3441443-8	1987	Repeated short-term administration of nicotine, 0.1 mg/kg IP six times at 30 min intervals, produced significant increases in native and cryptic Met-enkephalin in striatum, consistent with an increase in neuronal release of Met-enkephalin together with increases in synthesis and processing of proenkephalin A in this brain region.	Nicotine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	294-309
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-209
3441443-9	1987	This regimen of nicotine also decreased levels of native Met-enkephalin and of both native and cryptic Leu-enkephalin in neurointermediate lobe, consistent with nicotine-induced release of both proenkephalin A- and prodynorphin-derived peptides from neurointermediate lobe.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-209
2890224-12	1987	Furthermore, this study demonstrated that intact dentate granule cells are essential for KA- and enkephalin-induced WDS, since a colchicine injection into the ventral hippocampus, which selectively destroys granule cells, abolished this behavior.	Colchicine	129-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2823997-12	1987	These results also indicate that endogenous enkephalin release plays an important role in ethanol narcosis.	Ethanol	90-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2446706-1	1987	The ventral aspect of the medulla oblongata of colchicine-treated rats was examined immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against somatostatin (SOM) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to methionine enkephalin (ENK).	Colchicine	47-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
3429581-4	1987	The facile fluorescence detection of N-terminal tyrosine-containing fragments produced from methionine-enkephalin by enzymatic degradation using a rat brain homogenate was achieved by comparison with the ultraviolet absorption detection at 215 nm.	Tyrosine	48-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
3429581-4	1987	The facile fluorescence detection of N-terminal tyrosine-containing fragments produced from methionine-enkephalin by enzymatic degradation using a rat brain homogenate was achieved by comparison with the ultraviolet absorption detection at 215 nm.	Methionine	92-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
2446706-1	1987	The ventral aspect of the medulla oblongata of colchicine-treated rats was examined immunohistochemically using mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against somatostatin (SOM) and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to methionine enkephalin (ENK).	Colchicine	47-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	233-236
2446203-4	1987	Methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons were twice as numerous as the substance P-immunoreactive cells and seven times more numerous than the dynorphin B-positive neurons.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
2820969-2	1987	[D-Ala2,Leu5,Cys6]Enkephalin (DALCE) is a synthetic enkephalin analog which contains a sulfhydryl group.	enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Cys(6)-	30-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
2820969-2	1987	[D-Ala2,Leu5,Cys6]Enkephalin (DALCE) is a synthetic enkephalin analog which contains a sulfhydryl group.	enkephalin-Leu, Ala(2)-Cys(6)-	30-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2820969-5	1987	Using 2 nM [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to label delta-sites, 50% loss of sites occurred at about 3 microM DALCE.	Penicillamine	63-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	[d-ala2,d-leu5	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	[d-ala2,d-leu5	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	[d-ala2,d-leu5	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	[d-ala2,d-leu5	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	[d-ala2,d-leu5	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	Sodium Chloride	183-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2820969-7	1987	By contrast, the enkephalin analogs [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [D-Ser2,Leu5,Thr6]enkephalin, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Lys6]enkephalin were readily dissociated by NaCl and Gpp(NH)p, producing negligible loss at 3 microM.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	192-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2891076-0	1987	Lithium and haloperidol differentially alter the dynorphin A (1-8) and enkephalin levels in the neurointermediate lobe of rat pituitary.	Lithium	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2891076-0	1987	Lithium and haloperidol differentially alter the dynorphin A (1-8) and enkephalin levels in the neurointermediate lobe of rat pituitary.	Haloperidol	12-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3041142-2	1987	Competing potencies of both drugs against [3H]morphine and [3H]leucine enkephalin bindings were extremely decreased by either glucuronate or sulfate conjugation at the 3-position.	Glucuronic Acid	126-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3041142-2	1987	Competing potencies of both drugs against [3H]morphine and [3H]leucine enkephalin bindings were extremely decreased by either glucuronate or sulfate conjugation at the 3-position.	Sulfates	141-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3041142-3	1987	On the other hand, the potencies of morphine and nalorphine against [3H]leucine enkephalin binding were considerably enhanced by the conjugations at the 6-position, whereas the potencies against [3H]morphine binding were decreased.	Morphine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
3041142-3	1987	On the other hand, the potencies of morphine and nalorphine against [3H]leucine enkephalin binding were considerably enhanced by the conjugations at the 6-position, whereas the potencies against [3H]morphine binding were decreased.	Nalorphine	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
3041142-3	1987	On the other hand, the potencies of morphine and nalorphine against [3H]leucine enkephalin binding were considerably enhanced by the conjugations at the 6-position, whereas the potencies against [3H]morphine binding were decreased.	Tritium	69-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
3653029-0	1987	Proenkephalin gene expression in the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line: stimulation by sodium butyrate.	Butyric Acid	85-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
3653029-1	1987	The differentiation promoter sodium butyrate increases the content of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met5-enk-RGL)-immunoreactive peptides in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, which, unlike mature adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, contain exceedingly low levels of opioid peptides.	Butyric Acid	29-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
3653029-1	1987	The differentiation promoter sodium butyrate increases the content of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met5-enk-RGL)-immunoreactive peptides in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, which, unlike mature adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, contain exceedingly low levels of opioid peptides.	Butyric Acid	29-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
3653029-2	1987	These butyrate-induced enkephalin-immunoreactive peptides, which are specific products of the proenkephalin gene, consist principally of two high mol wt forms of amino-terminally extended Met5-enk-RGL.	Butyrates	6-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3653029-2	1987	These butyrate-induced enkephalin-immunoreactive peptides, which are specific products of the proenkephalin gene, consist principally of two high mol wt forms of amino-terminally extended Met5-enk-RGL.	Butyrates	6-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-107
3653029-2	1987	These butyrate-induced enkephalin-immunoreactive peptides, which are specific products of the proenkephalin gene, consist principally of two high mol wt forms of amino-terminally extended Met5-enk-RGL.	Butyrates	6-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3653029-4	1987	The low mol wt Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptide found in butyrate-treated cells is similar in size to authentic Met5-enk-RGL, which is not found in the adrenal medulla of the adult rat.	Butyrates	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
3653029-6	1987	In PC12 cells, the butyrate-stimulated elevation in the content of Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptides may involve changes in transcription, since the peptide increase is preceded by a 2- to 3-fold increase in the level of proenkephalin mRNA.	Butyrates	19-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
3653029-6	1987	In PC12 cells, the butyrate-stimulated elevation in the content of Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptides may involve changes in transcription, since the peptide increase is preceded by a 2- to 3-fold increase in the level of proenkephalin mRNA.	Butyrates	19-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	224-237
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	kelatorphan	22-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	kelatorphan	22-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	ubenimex	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	ubenimex	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	Thiorphan	48-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
3668866-4	1987	Peptidase inhibitors (kelatorphan, bestatin and thiorphan) each increased the potency of Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin and metorphamide but had no effect of their own on the LC neurons.	Thiorphan	48-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3668866-5	1987	Kelatorphan (20 microM) produced a 7-fold shift to the left of the Met-enkephalin dose-response curve.	kelatorphan	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3668866-7	1987	Thiorphan (3 microM) and bestatin (20 microM) each had a smaller potentiating effect on the Met-enkephalin hyperpolarization.	Thiorphan	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
3668866-7	1987	Thiorphan (3 microM) and bestatin (20 microM) each had a smaller potentiating effect on the Met-enkephalin hyperpolarization.	ubenimex	25-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
2820799-2	1987	Conformationally restricted enkephalin analogs containing E-cyclopropylphenylalanine (delta EPhe), [D-Ala2, (2R,3S)-delta EPhe4,Leu5]enkephalin and its (2S,3R) isomer, were evaluated in receptor-binding assays using rat brain and in assays using muscle preparations.	e-cyclopropylphenylalanine	58-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
2826357-0	1987	Synthesis and binding properties to DNA and to opioid receptors of enkephalin-ellipticinium conjugates.	ellipticinium	78-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2826357-1	1987	In order to specifically direct cytotoxic agents against tumor cells bearing delta opioid receptors, the DNA intercalating agents ellipticine and 9-OH-ellipticine were coupled by quaternarization of the pyridine nitrogen to an enkephalin modified pentapeptide through a short chemical linker.	ellipticine	130-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
2826357-1	1987	In order to specifically direct cytotoxic agents against tumor cells bearing delta opioid receptors, the DNA intercalating agents ellipticine and 9-OH-ellipticine were coupled by quaternarization of the pyridine nitrogen to an enkephalin modified pentapeptide through a short chemical linker.	9-oh-ellipticine	146-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
3670607-6	1987	In experiments with sympathetic ganglia, it was demonstrated that a significant growth-promoting effect is exerted by peptides taken at concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-14) M. Naloxone does not eliminate the effects of peptides, but stimulates the growth at 10(-5) M to 10(-7) M. Studies with spinal cord revealed that naloxone (10(-6) M) enhances the response to [Leu]-enkephalin (10(-9) M).	Naloxone	177-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	371-381
2823161-10	1987	For example, in vitro studies of radioligand binding showed that ketamine and morphine were four times more effective in inhibiting the binding of [3H]dihydromorphine than that of [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin.	Ketamine	65-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
2823161-10	1987	For example, in vitro studies of radioligand binding showed that ketamine and morphine were four times more effective in inhibiting the binding of [3H]dihydromorphine than that of [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin.	Morphine	78-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
3297170-1	1987	Enkephalinase B from rat brain membrane which hydrolyzes enkephalin at the Gly-Gly bond was purified about 9400-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity.	Glycine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
3297170-1	1987	Enkephalinase B from rat brain membrane which hydrolyzes enkephalin at the Gly-Gly bond was purified about 9400-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity.	Glycine	79-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2890116-0	1987	Modulation by enkephalin analogues and neuroleptics of apomorphine-induced stereotypy and turning behaviour in rats.	Apomorphine	55-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
3664275-1	1987	The influence of enkephalin-containing neurons in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN caudalis) on the subnucleus oralis of the STN (STN oralis) was examined using chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.	Streptonigrin	108-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3664275-1	1987	The influence of enkephalin-containing neurons in the subnucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN caudalis) on the subnucleus oralis of the STN (STN oralis) was examined using chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats.	Streptonigrin	154-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3664275-4	1987	Furthermore, naloxone-reversible inhibition of tooth pulp-induced spikes of the type B1 interneurons were also observed during iontophoretic application of enkephalin.	Naloxone	13-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
2956945-1	1987	The effect of barium and potassium on the secretion and biosynthesis of enkephalin in bovine chromaffin cells, and prolactin and beta-endorphin in rat anterior pituitary cells, was examined to determine whether calcium-dependent secretion and biosynthesis are mediated by the same or by different calcium targets within the neuroendocrine cell.	Potassium	25-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2956945-6	1987	We conclude that calcium acts at two different intracellular targets to activate secretion versus biosynthesis of both enkephalin and prolactin.	Calcium	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
3037220-3	1987	The chloromethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin was synthesized in a radioactive form, and the resulting compound (3H-DALECK) was used to label opioid receptors.	1,3-Dichloroacetone	4-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3037220-3	1987	The chloromethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin was synthesized in a radioactive form, and the resulting compound (3H-DALECK) was used to label opioid receptors.	Tritium	128-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3037220-3	1987	The chloromethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin was synthesized in a radioactive form, and the resulting compound (3H-DALECK) was used to label opioid receptors.	tyrosyl-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucine chloromethyl ketone	131-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3305599-5	1987	Some methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactive perikarya were distributed in the lateral reticular nucleus, the nucleus of the solitary tract, and the raphe magnus nucleus, where monoaminergic neurons were also detected.	arg6-gly7-leu8	27-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
3670607-6	1987	In experiments with sympathetic ganglia, it was demonstrated that a significant growth-promoting effect is exerted by peptides taken at concentrations of 10(-8) M to 10(-14) M. Naloxone does not eliminate the effects of peptides, but stimulates the growth at 10(-5) M to 10(-7) M. Studies with spinal cord revealed that naloxone (10(-6) M) enhances the response to [Leu]-enkephalin (10(-9) M).	Peptides	118-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	371-381
2440523-1	1987	Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the mesostriatal dopaminergic system in the rat resulted in a decrease of substance P-immunoreactivity in the ventral striatum, and in a heterogeneously distributed increase of enkephalin-immunoreactivity in the dorsal and ventral striatum and the globus pallidus.	Oxidopamine	11-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
2888045-1	1987	Intracerebroventricular administration of phelorphan (158 nmol/2 microliters), a blocker of dipeptidylaminopeptidase (enkephalinase B) and other enzymes involved in the enkephalin biodegradation, inhibited in chronic morphine-dependent rats, the occurrence of some of the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.	phelorphan	42-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
3620936-0	1987	Enkephalin release into the ventral tegmental area in response to stress: modulation of mesocorticolimbic dopamine.	Dopamine	106-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3620936-1	1987	Enkephalin-containing neuronal fibers and perikarya, and opioid receptors are present in the A10 dopamine (DA) region, and many studies have implicated enkephalin as a neuromodulator of A10 DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and certain limbic nuclei.	Dopamine	97-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3620936-1	1987	Enkephalin-containing neuronal fibers and perikarya, and opioid receptors are present in the A10 dopamine (DA) region, and many studies have implicated enkephalin as a neuromodulator of A10 DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and certain limbic nuclei.	Dopamine	97-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3620936-1	1987	Enkephalin-containing neuronal fibers and perikarya, and opioid receptors are present in the A10 dopamine (DA) region, and many studies have implicated enkephalin as a neuromodulator of A10 DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and certain limbic nuclei.	Dopamine	107-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3620936-1	1987	Enkephalin-containing neuronal fibers and perikarya, and opioid receptors are present in the A10 dopamine (DA) region, and many studies have implicated enkephalin as a neuromodulator of A10 DA neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and certain limbic nuclei.	Dopamine	107-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3039108-0	1987	Naloxonazine effects on the interaction of enkephalin analogs with mu-1, mu and delta opioid binding sites in rat brain membranes.	naloxonazine	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3039108-5	1987	Preincubation of membranes with 50 nM naloxonazine resulted in a dramatic, nearly 2-fold reduction in the binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin relative to the controls.	naloxonazine	38-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
3039108-5	1987	Preincubation of membranes with 50 nM naloxonazine resulted in a dramatic, nearly 2-fold reduction in the binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin relative to the controls.	naloxonazine	38-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
3039108-5	1987	Preincubation of membranes with 50 nM naloxonazine resulted in a dramatic, nearly 2-fold reduction in the binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin relative to the controls.	Tritium	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
3039108-5	1987	Preincubation of membranes with 50 nM naloxonazine resulted in a dramatic, nearly 2-fold reduction in the binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin relative to the controls.	Tritium	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
3620936-5	1987	It has been shown that daily exposure to footshock enhances the motor stimulant effect of intra-VTA injection of the enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2,Met]-enkephalinamide (DALA).	[d-ala2,met]-enkephalinamide	138-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
3038268-8	1987	Delta binding sites were labeled with 125I-[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin in the presence of the morphiceptin analog PL-032.	CHEMBL267708	112-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
3109687-0	1987	Analgesic properties of valproic acid might be related to activation of pro-enkephalin system in rat brain.	Valproic Acid	24-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Dopamine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Dopamine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Dopamine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Oxidopamine	174-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Oxidopamine	174-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
3110407-1	1987	The hypothesis that striatal dopamine regulates enkephalin (ENK) synthesis is supported by the increase of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK after intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Oxidopamine	174-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
3110407-3	1987	Daily administration of 140 mumol/kg s.c. of the D-2 antagonist I-sulpiride twice daily for 2 weeks produces a 30% decrease in the content of striatal proenkephalin mRNA and ENK.	i-sulpiride	64-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
3110407-6	1987	Removal of this neurally mediated regulation either by a specific pharmacologic blockage of D-1 or by lesioning with 6-hydroxydopamine increases the biosynthesis of ENK.	Oxidopamine	117-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
3110407-7	1987	The increase of ENK biosynthesis elicited by denervation with 6-hydroxydopamine cannot be due to the endogenous activation of D-2 receptors and must be due to the inactivation of the tonic inhibition exerted by D-1 receptors.	Oxidopamine	62-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
3607463-4	1987	Injection of methionine-enkephalin, an endogenous opioid peptide, also resulted in a decrease in the proportion of cells incorporating [3H]thymidine.	3h]thymidine	136-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
3607463-5	1987	Concomitant injection of 1 mg/kg naloxone, however, blocked the inhibitory effects of methionine-enkephalin on cell division but did not itself affect cell generation.	Naloxone	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2884609-2	1987	Methionine (Met)-enkephalin did not affect the extracellular potassium level at rest but suppressed the potassium response elicited by afferent volleys.	Potassium	104-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2884609-4	1987	In the chronically deafferent spinal cord combined with the block of synaptic transmission by Mg2+, Met-enkephalin suppressed the transient rise of the extracellular potassium concentration induced by L-glutamate.	magnesium ion	94-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2884609-4	1987	In the chronically deafferent spinal cord combined with the block of synaptic transmission by Mg2+, Met-enkephalin suppressed the transient rise of the extracellular potassium concentration induced by L-glutamate.	Potassium	166-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2884609-4	1987	In the chronically deafferent spinal cord combined with the block of synaptic transmission by Mg2+, Met-enkephalin suppressed the transient rise of the extracellular potassium concentration induced by L-glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	201-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
3297184-0	1987	[Participation of leu-enkephalin in regulating carbohydrate metabolism].	Carbohydrates	47-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
3109687-6	1987	The Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu levels are affected by VPA administration in a more complex pattern.	Arginine	19-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
3109687-6	1987	The Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu levels are affected by VPA administration in a more complex pattern.	Glycine	23-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
3109687-6	1987	The Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu levels are affected by VPA administration in a more complex pattern.	Leucine	27-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
3109687-6	1987	The Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu levels are affected by VPA administration in a more complex pattern.	Valproic Acid	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
3032303-2	1987	Intracerebroventricular dose of 2 micrograms diminished the manifestations to a lesser extent Dalargin only at a dose exceeding 500 micrograms intraperitoneally decreased significantly the in vivo binding of 3H-D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin with brain opiate receptors.	3h-d-ala2	208-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
2884003-0	1987	Glutamate-evoked release of endogenous brain dopamine: inhibition by an excitatory amino acid antagonist and an enkephalin analogue.	Glutamic Acid	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
2884003-0	1987	Glutamate-evoked release of endogenous brain dopamine: inhibition by an excitatory amino acid antagonist and an enkephalin analogue.	Dopamine	45-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
3029324-3	1987	Release was also inhibited (maximally by 40-50%) by morphine (EC50 = 5-10 nM), [Leu5]enkephalin (EC50 = approximately 300 nM), [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(NMe)Phe-Gly-ol (DAGO) (EC50 values = approximately 30 nM).	Morphine	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
2884003-1	1987	The present study examined the effect of a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADL) on the spontaneous and the L-glutamic acid (L-Glu)-evoked release of endogenous dopamine from superfused slices of rat caudate-putamen.	Glutamic Acid	144-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2884003-1	1987	The present study examined the effect of a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADL) on the spontaneous and the L-glutamic acid (L-Glu)-evoked release of endogenous dopamine from superfused slices of rat caudate-putamen.	Glutamic Acid	161-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2884003-1	1987	The present study examined the effect of a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADL) on the spontaneous and the L-glutamic acid (L-Glu)-evoked release of endogenous dopamine from superfused slices of rat caudate-putamen.	Dopamine	197-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
3037389-6	1987	Whereas the effects of beta-endorphin, DAGO and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin could be reduced by the mu-preferential antagonist naloxone, the effects of ethylketocyclazocine and U-50488 were not changed.	Naloxone	125-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
3819722-7	1987	Depolarization released GABA and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 together with DBI.	arg6-phe7	49-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2885761-3	1987	Imipramine (4 days) resulted in a marked inhibition of the ability of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin to decrease electrically evoked contractions of the vas deferens (presynaptic opioid receptor response) but did not significantly affect the carbachol-induced increase in electrically evoked contractions (muscarinic receptor response).	Imipramine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2885761-3	1987	Imipramine (4 days) resulted in a marked inhibition of the ability of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin to decrease electrically evoked contractions of the vas deferens (presynaptic opioid receptor response) but did not significantly affect the carbachol-induced increase in electrically evoked contractions (muscarinic receptor response).	Carbachol	239-248	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
3037428-1	1987	An alkylating tetrapeptide enkephalin derivative, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-chloromethyl ketone (DAMK) was synthesized, and its binding characteristics on rat brain membranes were evaluated.	tyr-d-ala-gly-(me)phe-chloromethyl ketone	50-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
3299142-0	1987	[Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7- and [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactive nerve fibres and neurons in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.	arg6-gly7-leu8	49-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3580841-0	1987	Haloperidol increases proenkephalin mRNA levels in the caudate-putamen of the rat: a quantitative study at the cellular level using in situ hybridization.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
3580841-2	1987	It has also been demonstrated that chronic treatment of rats with the dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol, results in an increase in the levels of enkephalin peptides and proenkephalin mRNA in this brain region.	Haloperidol	97-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
3031275-8	1987	When the relative decrease in mu and delta opioid receptor binding was determined by carrying out [3H]-D-Ala2, DLeu5-enkephalin binding in the presence of 1 microM morphiceptin, it was observed that, 3 days after etorphine treatment, there was a decrease in mu opioid receptor binding, with minimal change in delta opioid receptor binding in both brain regions of striatum and midbrain.	dleu5	111-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
3580841-2	1987	It has also been demonstrated that chronic treatment of rats with the dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol, results in an increase in the levels of enkephalin peptides and proenkephalin mRNA in this brain region.	Haloperidol	97-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-187
3580841-3	1987	To determine whether this increase in proenkephalin mRNA content is exhibited by all enkephalinergic neurons of the caudate-putamen or by only a subpopulation, we have used in situ nucleic acid hybridization to examine the haloperidol-induced increase in proenkephalin mRNA levels at the cellular level.	Haloperidol	223-234	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-51
3580841-4	1987	Results of in situ hybridization suggest that all enkephalinergic neurons in the caudate-putamen can respond to haloperidol treatment with an increase in steady state levels of proenkephalin mRNA, and that the mean induction is an approximate 3-fold increase in the message levels.	Haloperidol	112-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-190
3580841-5	1987	This suggests that dopamine exerts a tonic inhibitory effect on the expression of the proenkephalin gene in all of the enkephalinergic neurons of the caudate-putamen.	Dopamine	19-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-99
2855368-3	1987	N-EH was found to be 9-fold more potent than naloxone in antagonizing the effects of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin in the Mvd and 22-fold less potent in antagonizing normorphine in the Gpi.	n-eh	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2855368-3	1987	N-EH was found to be 9-fold more potent than naloxone in antagonizing the effects of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin in the Mvd and 22-fold less potent in antagonizing normorphine in the Gpi.	Naloxone	45-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2882398-4	1987	In the presence of either clonidine or [Leu5]enkephalin, which by themselves inhibited the electrically stimulated release of [3H]NA, the effect of PDB was significantly reduced.	Tritium	127-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
2881450-5	1987	The mode of action of PLG with relation to dopamine-enkephalin interaction is discussed.	Dopamine	43-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3035383-1	1987	D-1 dopamine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices (induced by 30 microM dopamine + 10 microM (-)sulpiride) was concentration-dependently reduced by morphine, [D-Ala-D-Leu]-enkephalin (DADLE), [D-Pen-D-Pen]enkephalin (DPDPE) and bremazocine.	Cyclic AMP	33-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
3035383-1	1987	D-1 dopamine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices (induced by 30 microM dopamine + 10 microM (-)sulpiride) was concentration-dependently reduced by morphine, [D-Ala-D-Leu]-enkephalin (DADLE), [D-Pen-D-Pen]enkephalin (DPDPE) and bremazocine.	Cyclic AMP	33-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
3035383-1	1987	D-1 dopamine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices (induced by 30 microM dopamine + 10 microM (-)sulpiride) was concentration-dependently reduced by morphine, [D-Ala-D-Leu]-enkephalin (DADLE), [D-Pen-D-Pen]enkephalin (DPDPE) and bremazocine.	Dopamine	4-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
3035383-1	1987	D-1 dopamine receptor-stimulated cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices (induced by 30 microM dopamine + 10 microM (-)sulpiride) was concentration-dependently reduced by morphine, [D-Ala-D-Leu]-enkephalin (DADLE), [D-Pen-D-Pen]enkephalin (DPDPE) and bremazocine.	Dopamine	4-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
3027318-8	1987	The enkephalin-induced responses were extremely sensitive to antagonism by naloxone and completely blocked by pretreatment with the irreversible mu antagonist beta-funaltrexamine.	Naloxone	75-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3027318-8	1987	The enkephalin-induced responses were extremely sensitive to antagonism by naloxone and completely blocked by pretreatment with the irreversible mu antagonist beta-funaltrexamine.	beta-funaltrexamine	159-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2885779-5	1987	Most of the immunoreactive [Leu]enkephalin-like material appeared to occur in oxytocin nerves; only in larger vasopressin varicosities was there some dot-like [Leu]enkephalin immunoreaction.	Leucine	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2885779-6	1987	This indicates that neural lobe [Leu]enkephalin predominantly is cleaved from a precursor which also contains [Met]enkephalin.	Leucine	33-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2885779-6	1987	This indicates that neural lobe [Leu]enkephalin predominantly is cleaved from a precursor which also contains [Met]enkephalin.	Leucine	33-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
3030506-2	1987	It was found that delta-receptor binding, assessed with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) (+ 10 nM D-Ala2- MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGE)), was stimulated by the 3 cations in a dose- and developmental time-dependent manner.	Tritium	57-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
3030506-2	1987	It was found that delta-receptor binding, assessed with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) (+ 10 nM D-Ala2- MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGE)), was stimulated by the 3 cations in a dose- and developmental time-dependent manner.	Tritium	87-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
3030873-1	1987	The effect of TRH and its analogs, MK771 and RX-77368 on the binding of [3H]D-serine-6-threonine-leucine enkephalin (delta opiate receptors), [3H]ethylketocyclazocine (kappa receptors) and [3H]naltrexone (mu receptors) to the rat brain membranes was determined.	Tritium	73-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
2887451-1	1987	The medulla oblongata and pons of colchicine treated rats were analyzed with a double-staining technique using mouse monoclonal antibodies to somatostatin and rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against methionine-enkephalin.	Methionine	203-213	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
2820832-13	1987	Similarly the Bmax and Kd values for the binding of [3H]naltrexone, [3H]D-Ser2-Thr6-leucine enkephalin and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine to brain membranes prepared from rats kept on 4, 20 and 50% protein concentration did not differ.	Tritium	69-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
3031536-2	1987	Contractions were inhibited by alternate submaximal but equieffective doses of the selective mu and delta-opioid ligands [D-Ala2-Me-Phe4,Gly(ol)5] enkephaline (DAGO) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE), respectively, administered by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)	[d-ala2-me-phe4	121-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
2878974-6	1987	The conversion of enkephalin-containing peptides into enkephalins was virtually completely inhibited by N-[1-(R,S)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate, a specific active-site-directed inhibitor of endopeptidase-24.15, indicating that this enzyme was responsible for the observed interconversions.	n-[1-(r,s)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-ala-ala-phe-p-aminobenzoate	104-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3027302-3	1987	A chronic intrathecal infusion of the relatively selective delta agonist, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), produced a larger degree of tolerance to DADLE than to the highly specific mu-activating morphiceptin analog [N-methyl-Phe3, D-Pro4]morphiceptin (PL017).	[n-methyl-phe3, d-pro4]morphiceptin	219-254	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3031536-2	1987	Contractions were inhibited by alternate submaximal but equieffective doses of the selective mu and delta-opioid ligands [D-Ala2-Me-Phe4,Gly(ol)5] enkephaline (DAGO) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE), respectively, administered by the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)	[2-d-penicillamine	170-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
3673383-1	1987	It has been elucidated that the structures of the motor system of the rabbit and rat brain undergo significant alterations in monoamine metabolism 30 min after the administration of the synthetic enkephalin analogue Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 and in acetylcholinesterase activity and protein metabolism on the 3rd-6th day.	monoamine	126-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3039692-2	1987	When 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, the affinity of opiate receptor for [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was almost doubled and maximal binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was decreased to 87% of control.	Phosphatidylinositols	16-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
3039692-2	1987	When 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, the affinity of opiate receptor for [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was almost doubled and maximal binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was decreased to 87% of control.	Phosphatidylinositols	16-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
3039692-2	1987	When 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, the affinity of opiate receptor for [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was almost doubled and maximal binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was decreased to 87% of control.	Phosphatidylinositols	82-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
3039692-2	1987	When 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, the affinity of opiate receptor for [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was almost doubled and maximal binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was decreased to 87% of control.	Phosphatidylinositols	82-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
3039692-2	1987	When 72% of the phosphatidylinositol in the rat brain membranes was hydrolyzed by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, the affinity of opiate receptor for [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was almost doubled and maximal binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin was decreased to 87% of control.	[d-ala2,-d-leu5]	165-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
3039692-3	1987	Although specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was decreased with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis when measured at higher concentration (30 nM) of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin, the specific binding was increased with the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol when measured at lower concentration (6 nM) of the ligand.	Phosphatidylinositols	73-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
3039692-3	1987	Although specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was decreased with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis when measured at higher concentration (30 nM) of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin, the specific binding was increased with the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol when measured at lower concentration (6 nM) of the ligand.	Phosphatidylinositols	73-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
3039692-3	1987	Although specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was decreased with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis when measured at higher concentration (30 nM) of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin, the specific binding was increased with the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol when measured at lower concentration (6 nM) of the ligand.	Phosphatidylinositols	241-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
3039692-4	1987	On treatment of membranes with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C, specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was drastically decreased with the progressive hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in the rat brain membranes, and specific binding was completely lost after 81% hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.	Phosphatidylcholines	31-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
3039692-4	1987	On treatment of membranes with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C, specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was drastically decreased with the progressive hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in the rat brain membranes, and specific binding was completely lost after 81% hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.	Phosphatidylcholines	186-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
3039692-4	1987	On treatment of membranes with phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase C, specific [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin binding was drastically decreased with the progressive hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in the rat brain membranes, and specific binding was completely lost after 81% hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine.	Phosphatidylcholines	186-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
2826799-1	1987	Torpedo electric organ contains high concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) like activity, cleaving [Leu5]enkephalin at the Gly3-Phe4 peptide bond.	glycyl-glycyl-glycine	139-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
3039692-7	1987	From these results, it is concluded that the binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin to opiate receptor is influenced by changes in the phospholipid environment of the rat brain membranes, and that phosphatidylinositol may be a modulator for the function of the receptor.	Phospholipids	135-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
3673383-1	1987	It has been elucidated that the structures of the motor system of the rabbit and rat brain undergo significant alterations in monoamine metabolism 30 min after the administration of the synthetic enkephalin analogue Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 and in acetylcholinesterase activity and protein metabolism on the 3rd-6th day.	Tyrosine	216-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3039692-7	1987	From these results, it is concluded that the binding of [D-Ala2,-D-Leu5] enkephalin to opiate receptor is influenced by changes in the phospholipid environment of the rat brain membranes, and that phosphatidylinositol may be a modulator for the function of the receptor.	Phosphatidylinositols	197-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
3673383-1	1987	It has been elucidated that the structures of the motor system of the rabbit and rat brain undergo significant alterations in monoamine metabolism 30 min after the administration of the synthetic enkephalin analogue Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH2 and in acetylcholinesterase activity and protein metabolism on the 3rd-6th day.	d-ala-gly-phe-nh2	220-237	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3025539-3	1986	However, the Bmax for the binding of kappa-ligand (ethylketocyclazocine, EKC) to brain membranes after the suppression of mu and delta-sites by 100 nM each of unlabeled D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin, respectively, was significantly greater in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats.	Ethylketocyclazocine	51-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
3025539-3	1986	However, the Bmax for the binding of kappa-ligand (ethylketocyclazocine, EKC) to brain membranes after the suppression of mu and delta-sites by 100 nM each of unlabeled D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin, respectively, was significantly greater in hypertensive rats compared to normotensive rats.	Ethylketocyclazocine	51-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
2876067-0	1986	Kainic acid alters the metabolism of Met5-enkephalin and the level of dynorphin A in the rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	FAB protocol	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	FAB protocol	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	(me)phe4	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	gly(oh)5	126-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	Tritium	136-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
3023329-2	1986	In a titratable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5][3H] enkephalin and the delta selective peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] [3H]enkephalin (where Pen represents penicillamine) to neural membranes.	Tritium	136-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
3023329-5	1986	When mu sites were blocked with [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5]enkephalin, the Fab fragments suppressed the binding of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5][3H]enkephalin to the same degree as when the mu binding site was not blocked.	(me)phe4	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
3023329-5	1986	When mu sites were blocked with [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5]enkephalin, the Fab fragments suppressed the binding of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5][3H]enkephalin to the same degree as when the mu binding site was not blocked.	(me)phe4	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
3023329-5	1986	When mu sites were blocked with [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5]enkephalin, the Fab fragments suppressed the binding of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5][3H]enkephalin to the same degree as when the mu binding site was not blocked.	FAB protocol	74-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
3023329-5	1986	When mu sites were blocked with [D-Ala2,(Me)Phe4,Gly(OH)5]enkephalin, the Fab fragments suppressed the binding of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5][3H]enkephalin to the same degree as when the mu binding site was not blocked.	FAB protocol	74-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
3538020-3	1986	Two hours of insulin hypoglycemia, which produced intense reflex stimulation of the splanchnic nerves as evidenced by a 55% decrease in the adrenal medulla catecholamine levels, resulted in a 3-fold increase in proenkephalin A mRNA levels in this tissue.	Catecholamines	156-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-226
3538020-7	1986	administration) with the ganglionic and muscarinic blocking agents chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg of body weight) and atropine (1 mg/kg) blocked the increase in levels of proenkephalin A mRNA seen in the rat adrenal medulla following insulin hypoglycemia.	Chlorisondamine	67-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-180
3538020-7	1986	administration) with the ganglionic and muscarinic blocking agents chlorisondamine (5 mg/kg of body weight) and atropine (1 mg/kg) blocked the increase in levels of proenkephalin A mRNA seen in the rat adrenal medulla following insulin hypoglycemia.	Atropine	112-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-180
3026557-5	1986	Administration of morphine and an enkephalin analogue (Tyr-D-Met-Gly-Phe(4-NO2)-Pro-NH2) at different depths in the ACC indicated that the increase in food intake occurred at a site separate from that of the decrease in water intake.	tyr-d-met-gly-phe(4-no2)-pro-nh2	55-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3540720-10	1986	Adrenal enkephalin-like immunoreactivity showed similar but not identical changes following reserpine.	Reserpine	92-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
3025420-4	1986	Because the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) plays a central role in autonomic and cardiovascular regulation, we administered the mu-selective enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-NMe-Phe4-Gly(ol)5enkephalin (DAGO), directly into PVN in conscious, unstressed rats and determined the changes in plasma catecholamine concentrations, blood pressure and heart rate.	d-ala2-nme-phe4-gly(ol)5enkephalin	172-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
3792452-1	1986	Treatment of rats for 18 months with trifluoperazine increased [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin and neurotensin content in striatum and nucleus accumbens.	Trifluoperazine	37-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
3792452-3	1986	Administration of L-DOPA plus carbidopa, bromocriptine or pergolide for 12 months decreased [Met5]enkephalin (except bromocriptine) and neurotensin, but not [Leu5]enkephalin, levels in striatum.	Levodopa	18-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
3792452-3	1986	Administration of L-DOPA plus carbidopa, bromocriptine or pergolide for 12 months decreased [Met5]enkephalin (except bromocriptine) and neurotensin, but not [Leu5]enkephalin, levels in striatum.	Carbidopa	30-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
3792452-3	1986	Administration of L-DOPA plus carbidopa, bromocriptine or pergolide for 12 months decreased [Met5]enkephalin (except bromocriptine) and neurotensin, but not [Leu5]enkephalin, levels in striatum.	Bromocriptine	41-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
3792452-3	1986	Administration of L-DOPA plus carbidopa, bromocriptine or pergolide for 12 months decreased [Met5]enkephalin (except bromocriptine) and neurotensin, but not [Leu5]enkephalin, levels in striatum.	Pergolide	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
3792452-3	1986	Administration of L-DOPA plus carbidopa, bromocriptine or pergolide for 12 months decreased [Met5]enkephalin (except bromocriptine) and neurotensin, but not [Leu5]enkephalin, levels in striatum.	Pergolide	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
3792453-2	1986	injection of [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin produced depressor and bradycardiac responses which were prevented by naloxone or FMRF-NH2 pretreatment.	Naloxone	107-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3029618-1	1986	A novel affinity reagent DALECK, i.e. D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin with a C-terminal chloromethyl ketone group, was previously synthesized in normal and in tritiated form and shown to react irreversibly at opioid receptors, with some evidence for selectivity for the mu subtype.	1,3-Dichloroacetone	79-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3102992-1	1986	We studied behavioral effects of the intraventricularly and intrathecally administered guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA) - a potent inhibitor of enkephalin convertase.	guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid	87-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
3093194-1	1986	Treatment of animal and human plasmas with pepsin yielded large quantities of immunoreactive methionine5-enkephalin (i-met-ENK).	methionine5-enkephalin	93-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
3093194-1	1986	Treatment of animal and human plasmas with pepsin yielded large quantities of immunoreactive methionine5-enkephalin (i-met-ENK).	Methionine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
3093194-4	1986	Pepsin-generated i-met-ENK from rat plasma gave three major peaks during reverse phase HPLC, one of which (approximately 25% of the total) coeluted with methionine5-enkephalin sulfoxide and also completed in a radioreceptor assay for opiate-related substances.	Iodine	4-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3093194-4	1986	Pepsin-generated i-met-ENK from rat plasma gave three major peaks during reverse phase HPLC, one of which (approximately 25% of the total) coeluted with methionine5-enkephalin sulfoxide and also completed in a radioreceptor assay for opiate-related substances.	Methionine	19-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3093194-4	1986	Pepsin-generated i-met-ENK from rat plasma gave three major peaks during reverse phase HPLC, one of which (approximately 25% of the total) coeluted with methionine5-enkephalin sulfoxide and also completed in a radioreceptor assay for opiate-related substances.	methionine5-enkephalin sulfoxide	153-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3093194-4	1986	Pepsin-generated i-met-ENK from rat plasma gave three major peaks during reverse phase HPLC, one of which (approximately 25% of the total) coeluted with methionine5-enkephalin sulfoxide and also completed in a radioreceptor assay for opiate-related substances.	Opiate Alkaloids	234-240	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3093194-5	1986	In addition, this material produced met-ENK-like effects on vascular permeability in rat skin and inhibited electrically induced contractions of the isolated guinea pig ileum in a naloxone-sensitive manner.	Naloxone	180-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
3022077-1	1986	Prolonged (7 days) methionine-enkephalin (DALA) treatment provoked a dose-dependent increase in the volume of zona fasciculata cells of dexamethasone-administered rats, along with a notable rise in the plasma concentration of corticosterone and the activity of 11 beta-hydroxylase.	Dexamethasone	136-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3022077-1	1986	Prolonged (7 days) methionine-enkephalin (DALA) treatment provoked a dose-dependent increase in the volume of zona fasciculata cells of dexamethasone-administered rats, along with a notable rise in the plasma concentration of corticosterone and the activity of 11 beta-hydroxylase.	Corticosterone	226-240	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3785586-8	1986	Octapeptide levels (Methionine-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu) significantly increase in striatum (22%) and decrease in hypophysis (97%) and in brain stem (76%).	octapeptide	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
3021281-8	1986	In the latter case, CT also reduced the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on PS and enhanced the excitatory action of the opioid peptide D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.	Corticosterone	20-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
3027723-2	1986	[3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively.	3h]-dihydromorphine	1-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3027723-2	1986	[3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively.	[3h]-dhm	22-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3027723-2	1986	[3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively.	Tritium	1-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3027723-2	1986	[3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively.	Tritium	1-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3027723-2	1986	[3H]-dihydromorphine ([3H]-DHM)3 [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin ([3H]-DADLE) and [3H]-dynorphin A (1-8) ([3H]-DYN) as markers of mu (mu), delta (delta) and Kappa (kappa) sites were utilized respectively.	Tritium	23-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3026542-1	1986	The activity of adenylate cyclase in striatal membrane-enriched fractions (25,000 g) was inhibited by morphine, beta-endorphin, [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLenk), fentanyl and bremazocine.	Morphine	102-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
3024998-1	1986	The ontogenesis of delta-opioid receptors has been studied in the postnatal period up to day 50 using the highly selective delta-site ligand [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin ([3H]DPDPE) in binding studies.	Tritium	142-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
3025828-3	1986	This augmentation was blocked by the opiate receptor antagonist (-)naloxone (10(-6) mol/l) suggesting specificity of the action of Met-Enk and Met-Enk Arg6Phe7.	Naloxone	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
3756321-1	1986	The experiments on white rats have shown that Dala2-Leu5-arg-enkephalin preinjection reduced the degree of serum creatine phosphokinase increment and decreased labeled pyrophosphate accumulation in the myocardium during the onset of anxiety neurosis, according to O. Desiderato.	diphosphoric acid	168-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3540390-0	1986	The enhancing effects of amastatin, phosphoramidon and captopril on the potency of [Met5]-enkephalin in rat vas deferens.	amastatin	25-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3540390-0	1986	The enhancing effects of amastatin, phosphoramidon and captopril on the potency of [Met5]-enkephalin in rat vas deferens.	Captopril	55-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3540390-3	1986	Additionally, the enkephalin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidase, endopeptidase-24.11 and peptidyl dipeptidase A in rat vas deferens were found to be inhibited maximally with 1 microM of amastatin, 1 microM of phosphoramidon and 1 microM of captopril, respectively.	amastatin	178-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3540390-3	1986	Additionally, the enkephalin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidase, endopeptidase-24.11 and peptidyl dipeptidase A in rat vas deferens were found to be inhibited maximally with 1 microM of amastatin, 1 microM of phosphoramidon and 1 microM of captopril, respectively.	phosphoramidon	201-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3540390-3	1986	Additionally, the enkephalin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidase, endopeptidase-24.11 and peptidyl dipeptidase A in rat vas deferens were found to be inhibited maximally with 1 microM of amastatin, 1 microM of phosphoramidon and 1 microM of captopril, respectively.	Captopril	232-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	d-ala2-mephe4	184-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	d-ala2-mephe4	184-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	d-ala2-mephe4	184-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	d-ala2-mephe4	184-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	d-ala2-mephe4	184-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	Morphine	261-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	Morphine	261-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	Morphine	261-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	Morphine	261-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-2	1986	Binding of [3H]Met-enkephalin was saturable, specific and reversible; the rank order for inhibition competition of [3H]Met-enkephalin binding by various compounds was Met-enkephalin = D-Ala2-MePhe4, Met(0)ol enkephalin) greater than Leu-enkephalin greater than morphine with half-maximal inhibitory constants (IC50) of approx.	Morphine	261-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2874836-6	1986	However, the various enkephalins exerted this effect at different concentrations; only the EC50 values (half-maximal effective concentrations) of their insulinotropic effect were in the same range as the IC50 values of inhibition of [3H]met-enkephalin binding.	Tritium	234-236	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3018230-6	1986	On a molar basis, the order of relative potency of the peptides as morphine-like discriminative stimuli was: D-Ala2-NMePhe4-Gly5(ol)enkephalin = FK 33,824 greater than beta-endorphin greater than D-Ala2-D-Leu5enkephalin = metkephamid greater than morphiceptin.	Morphine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
3018230-7	1986	The discriminative effects of D-Ala2-NMePhe4-Gly5(ol)enkephalin, D-Ala2-D-Leu5enkephalin and beta-endorphin were antagonized by low doses of s.c. naltrexone (0.01-1.0 mg/kg).	Naltrexone	146-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
3025828-3	1986	This augmentation was blocked by the opiate receptor antagonist (-)naloxone (10(-6) mol/l) suggesting specificity of the action of Met-Enk and Met-Enk Arg6Phe7.	arg6phe7	151-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
3025828-7	1986	We conclude that Met-Enk and Met-Enk Arg6Phe7 have no effect on basal, but augment stimulated H+-production by a direct effect on the parietal cells.	arg6phe7	37-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
3025828-3	1986	This augmentation was blocked by the opiate receptor antagonist (-)naloxone (10(-6) mol/l) suggesting specificity of the action of Met-Enk and Met-Enk Arg6Phe7.	Naloxone	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
3021160-1	1986	DAGO-enkephalin ([ D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin), a highly selective ligand for mu opiate receptors, was dimerized with a series of alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids (n = 2-12) at the OH-terminus.	mephe4	27-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
3021160-1	1986	DAGO-enkephalin ([ D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin), a highly selective ligand for mu opiate receptors, was dimerized with a series of alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids (n = 2-12) at the OH-terminus.	alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids	138-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
3021160-1	1986	DAGO-enkephalin ([ D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin), a highly selective ligand for mu opiate receptors, was dimerized with a series of alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids (n = 2-12) at the OH-terminus.	alpha,omega-alkanedioic acids	138-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3741911-1	1986	Injection of the enkephalin analog D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats has been shown to activate dopamine (DA) neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens, thereby increasing spontaneous motor activity.	Dopamine	143-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3741911-1	1986	Injection of the enkephalin analog D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DALA) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats has been shown to activate dopamine (DA) neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens, thereby increasing spontaneous motor activity.	Dopamine	64-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3021290-1	1986	Administration of methionine enkephalin (ICV) to rats for 5 days resulted in the development of physical dependence as exemplified by a hypothermic response which peaked 2-8 hours after initiation of withdrawal.	icv	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
3016247-2	1986	Slide-mounted sections of rat brain were labeled with [3H]-[2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin([3H]DPDPE), a highly selective delta opioid agonist.	Tritium	55-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
3017134-7	1986	These data demonstrate that endogenous enkephalin in the VTA can increase the activity of A10 dopamine neurons, supporting a physiological role for enkephalin in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine-mediated behaviors.	Dopamine	94-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3017134-7	1986	These data demonstrate that endogenous enkephalin in the VTA can increase the activity of A10 dopamine neurons, supporting a physiological role for enkephalin in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine-mediated behaviors.	Dopamine	94-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
3017134-7	1986	These data demonstrate that endogenous enkephalin in the VTA can increase the activity of A10 dopamine neurons, supporting a physiological role for enkephalin in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine-mediated behaviors.	Dopamine	190-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3017134-7	1986	These data demonstrate that endogenous enkephalin in the VTA can increase the activity of A10 dopamine neurons, supporting a physiological role for enkephalin in mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine-mediated behaviors.	Dopamine	190-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
3017134-0	1986	Endogenous enkephalin modulation of dopamine neurons in ventral tegmental area.	Dopamine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3017134-1	1986	Many lines of evidence support the possibility that the opioid pentapeptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin can modulate dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Leucine	86-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3017134-1	1986	Many lines of evidence support the possibility that the opioid pentapeptides Met- and Leu-enkephalin can modulate dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Dopamine	114-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3017134-2	1986	Thus microinjection of enkephalin analogues into the VTA of rats produces a dopamine-dependent increase in spontaneous motor activity and an increase in dopamine metabolism in certain mesolimbic dopamine terminal fields, such as the nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	76-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3017134-2	1986	Thus microinjection of enkephalin analogues into the VTA of rats produces a dopamine-dependent increase in spontaneous motor activity and an increase in dopamine metabolism in certain mesolimbic dopamine terminal fields, such as the nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3017134-2	1986	Thus microinjection of enkephalin analogues into the VTA of rats produces a dopamine-dependent increase in spontaneous motor activity and an increase in dopamine metabolism in certain mesolimbic dopamine terminal fields, such as the nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3016247-4	1986	DPDPE and met-enkephalin inhibited [3H]DPDPE binding with high affinity (lC50 values of 6.3 and 13.8 nM, respectively).	Tritium	36-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
3018189-2	1986	cAMP efflux from neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of (stimulatory) D-1 and (inhibitory) D-2 dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by the preferential delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) and the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine with an EC50 of 100 and 800 nM, respectively.	Cyclic AMP	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
3020473-0	1986	Irreversible labelling of rat brain opioid receptors by enkephalin chloromethyl ketones.	chloromethyl ketones	67-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
3020473-1	1986	Chloromethyl ketone derivatives of leucine enkephalin (LE), D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (DALE) and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) were synthesized.	1,3-Dichloroacetone	0-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3020473-1	1986	Chloromethyl ketone derivatives of leucine enkephalin (LE), D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (DALE) and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) were synthesized.	1,3-Dichloroacetone	0-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3020473-3	1986	Preincubation of the membrane fraction with enkephalin chloromethyl ketones causes a significant inhibition of /3H/-naloxone binding which cannot be reversed by extensive washing.	chloromethyl ketones	55-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3020473-3	1986	Preincubation of the membrane fraction with enkephalin chloromethyl ketones causes a significant inhibition of /3H/-naloxone binding which cannot be reversed by extensive washing.	Tritium	112-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3020473-3	1986	Preincubation of the membrane fraction with enkephalin chloromethyl ketones causes a significant inhibition of /3H/-naloxone binding which cannot be reversed by extensive washing.	Naloxone	116-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3016502-0	1986	Proenkephalin-A gene regulation in the rat striatum: influence of lithium and haloperidol.	Lithium	66-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
3016502-0	1986	Proenkephalin-A gene regulation in the rat striatum: influence of lithium and haloperidol.	Haloperidol	78-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
3016502-1	1986	This report explores the influence of lithium and haloperidol on (Met5)-enkephalin (ME) biosynthesis in the rat striatum.	Lithium	38-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3016502-1	1986	This report explores the influence of lithium and haloperidol on (Met5)-enkephalin (ME) biosynthesis in the rat striatum.	Haloperidol	50-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3020473-6	1986	Affinity of enkephalin chloromethyl ketones toward the mu sites is greater than that of the parent compounds.	chloromethyl ketones	23-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
3018189-2	1986	cAMP efflux from neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of (stimulatory) D-1 and (inhibitory) D-2 dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by the preferential delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) and the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine with an EC50 of 100 and 800 nM, respectively.	Dopamine	113-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
3018189-2	1986	cAMP efflux from neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of (stimulatory) D-1 and (inhibitory) D-2 dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by the preferential delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) and the mu-opioid receptor agonist morphine with an EC50 of 100 and 800 nM, respectively.	Morphine	290-298	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
3018189-7	1986	The highly selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2-D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) inhibited dopamine-stimulated cAMP efflux only when D-2 receptors were blocked.	Dopamine	96-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
3022159-1	1986	3H-noradrenaline release from rat neocortical slices induced by 15 mM K+ was concentration-dependently inhibited by morphine, [D-Ala2-D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) and the calcium entry blocker Cd2+.	3h-noradrenaline	0-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
3018189-7	1986	The highly selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2-D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) inhibited dopamine-stimulated cAMP efflux only when D-2 receptors were blocked.	Cyclic AMP	116-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2427157-0	1986	An immunohistochemical study of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-like immunoreactivity-containing liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) in the rat spinal cord.	Methionine	32-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	gly7-leu8	47-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	gly7-leu8	47-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Arginine	42-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Arginine	42-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Glycine	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Glycine	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Leucine	52-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2427157-1	1986	The localization of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu)-like immunoreactivity in the medullospinal liquor-contacting neurons (LCNs) of the rat was immunohistochemically investigated using a modified Sternberger"s PAP method.	Leucine	52-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
2427157-2	1986	In this study, we also examined the distribution of Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactive LCNs in the entire length of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.	Arginine	60-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2427157-2	1986	In this study, we also examined the distribution of Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactive LCNs in the entire length of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.	Glycine	64-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2427157-2	1986	In this study, we also examined the distribution of Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactive LCNs in the entire length of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.	Leucine	68-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2427157-7	1986	When the immunoreactivity of perikarya of LCNs was weak, a few nerve terminals with a strong Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity were noticed on them.	Arginine	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2427157-7	1986	When the immunoreactivity of perikarya of LCNs was weak, a few nerve terminals with a strong Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity were noticed on them.	Glycine	105-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2427157-7	1986	When the immunoreactivity of perikarya of LCNs was weak, a few nerve terminals with a strong Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity were noticed on them.	Leucine	109-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2427157-8	1986	These findings suggest that preproenkephalin A-related opioid peptides including Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu may be secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the terminal portions of axon-like processes and/or CSF-contacting processes of LCNs.	Arginine	89-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
2427157-8	1986	These findings suggest that preproenkephalin A-related opioid peptides including Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu may be secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the terminal portions of axon-like processes and/or CSF-contacting processes of LCNs.	Glycine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
2427157-8	1986	These findings suggest that preproenkephalin A-related opioid peptides including Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu may be secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the terminal portions of axon-like processes and/or CSF-contacting processes of LCNs.	Leucine	97-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
2427157-8	1986	These findings suggest that preproenkephalin A-related opioid peptides including Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu may be secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the terminal portions of axon-like processes and/or CSF-contacting processes of LCNs.	lcns	240-244	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
3022321-5	1986	The molecular sizes of opioid receptor complexes were estimated as 313,000 +/- 13,500 in the presence of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin, NaCl and Gpp (NH)p; as 165,000 +/- 8,500 in the presence of NaCl only, or of both NaCl and Gpp (NH)p; as 217,000 +/- 6,600 in the presence of Gpp (NH)p only; and as 286,000 +/- 60,900 in the presence of MgCl2 only.	Arsenic	64-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
3720668-4	1986	The major proenkephalin mRNA species expressed in the rat testis migrates as a 1900-nucleotide RNA on denaturing agarose gels.	Sepharose	113-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
2427971-1	1986	The neuropeptides substance P, neurotensin and [Met]enkephalin are found in the ventral tegmental area, site of the A10 dopamine cell bodies.	Dopamine	120-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3532054-3	1986	Ablation of these neurons in the striato-pallidal pathway by intrastriatal kainate, induced a significant decrease in YGG levels in caudateputamen and globus pallidus (-49%), consistent with the hypothesis that YGG originates from enkephalin neurons.	Kainic Acid	75-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
3017727-5	1986	Furthermore, in vitro receptor binding was measured to investigate whether or not ethanol, within a non-lethal concentration range, would change the binding parameters of the delta receptor ligand [3H][D-ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin.	Tritium	198-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
3017727-5	1986	Furthermore, in vitro receptor binding was measured to investigate whether or not ethanol, within a non-lethal concentration range, would change the binding parameters of the delta receptor ligand [3H][D-ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin.	d-leu5	210-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
3717373-4	1986	Water deprivation for 48 h increased the plasma vasopressin concentration (PADH) and 24-h urinary vasopressin excretion (UADHV) in SHR and WKY rats, but PMet-Enk was not altered.	Water	0-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
3020468-2	1986	Preincubation of rat cerebrum membranes with podophyllotoxin or colchicine provoked a marked increase in the number of binding sites as judged by [3H]-naloxone, [3H]-morphine and [3H]-D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin binding experiments.	Podophyllotoxin	45-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3020468-2	1986	Preincubation of rat cerebrum membranes with podophyllotoxin or colchicine provoked a marked increase in the number of binding sites as judged by [3H]-naloxone, [3H]-morphine and [3H]-D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin binding experiments.	Colchicine	64-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3008952-2	1986	The mu-selective enkephalin analogue DAGO was used to indicate that the effect of potassium chloride is not uniform on all subtypes of opioid receptors.	Potassium Chloride	82-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3720843-1	1986	The release of [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity ([Leu5]enk-IR) from the isolated perfused rat stomach was demonstrated under basal conditions in the presence of peptidase inhibitors (0.1 microM thiorphan, 1 microM captopril and 2 microM bestatin).	Thiorphan	195-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3720843-1	1986	The release of [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity ([Leu5]enk-IR) from the isolated perfused rat stomach was demonstrated under basal conditions in the presence of peptidase inhibitors (0.1 microM thiorphan, 1 microM captopril and 2 microM bestatin).	Captopril	215-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3720843-1	1986	The release of [Leu5]enkephalin immunoreactivity ([Leu5]enk-IR) from the isolated perfused rat stomach was demonstrated under basal conditions in the presence of peptidase inhibitors (0.1 microM thiorphan, 1 microM captopril and 2 microM bestatin).	ubenimex	238-246	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3013077-3	1986	In the present experiments, opiate receptor binding was measured in spinal cord after traumatic injury in rats using the selective radioligands [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (delta-receptor agonist); [3H] [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]enkephalin (mu-receptor agonist); and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine (kappa-receptor agonist).	Tritium	145-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
3012396-4	1986	Indeed, this was achieved with intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration of naloxone (2 micrograms), which also selectively antagonized the mu-receptor ligand [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO).	Naloxone	88-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	197-207
3726173-8	1986	Various amounts of met-enkephalin were also likely stored in cells other than sympathetic nerves, including chromaffin-like cells, the incidence of which varied according to species.	chromaffin	108-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
2871141-8	1986	In addition, a moderate elevation in ir-methionine-enkephalin (ME) was seen in lumbosacral spinal cord.	Iridium	37-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2871141-8	1986	In addition, a moderate elevation in ir-methionine-enkephalin (ME) was seen in lumbosacral spinal cord.	methionylglutamic acid	63-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2423180-1	1986	The ultrastructural localizations of rat corticoliberin (rCRF) and methionine-enkephalin octapeptide (Met-Enk-8) in the external layer of the rat median eminence were examined by double-immunogold labeling with anti-rCRF and anti-Met-Enk-8 sera labeled with small-sized (Gs) and medium-sized (Gm) gold particles, respectively.	Methionine	67-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
3754280-1	1986	The influence of chronic activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system on Met5-enkephalin (ME) biosynthesis was investigated in male rats.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	39-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
3754280-1	1986	The influence of chronic activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system on Met5-enkephalin (ME) biosynthesis was investigated in male rats.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	64-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
3006825-1	1986	Rats with increased alcohol motivation have been found to have a rise in enkephalin levels in limbic cortex and a decrease in met-enkephalin levels in the brain basal ganglia.	Alcohols	20-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
3715065-1	1986	A pharmacokinetic study with [3H]des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin (3H-DE gamma E) was performed in rats after the intravenous, subcutaneous and intramuscular route of administration.	Tritium	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
3516014-4	1986	A comparison of two consecutive sections, each of which was processed for the immunostaining with anti-NPY and anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu antisera, respectively, indicated that NPY and preproenkephalin A and its derivatives coexist in approximately one-fifth of the total NPY-immunoreactive cells.	Arginine	124-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
3006825-1	1986	Rats with increased alcohol motivation have been found to have a rise in enkephalin levels in limbic cortex and a decrease in met-enkephalin levels in the brain basal ganglia.	Alcohols	20-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
3006825-2	1986	Reduction of met-enkephalin to leu-enkephalin ratio in basal ganglia, limbic cortex and hypothalamus may serve as an index of increased inclination to ethanol in these animals.	Ethanol	151-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3006825-2	1986	Reduction of met-enkephalin to leu-enkephalin ratio in basal ganglia, limbic cortex and hypothalamus may serve as an index of increased inclination to ethanol in these animals.	Ethanol	151-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
3955217-0	1986	[Enkephalin content in sections of the brain of rats undergoing intrauterine exposures to ethanol].	Ethanol	90-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	1-11
3006825-3	1986	Alcohol dependence is characterized by reduced cAMP content in the majority of brain structures studied, sharply decreased met-enkephalin levels in limbic cortex and hypothalamus, and diminished cAMP and cGMP content in hypothalamus.	Alcohols	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
3955217-1	1986	Leu- and met-enkephalin concentration in the brain structures of rat offsprings prenatally exposed to ethanol (4-5 g/kg) was investigated by radioimmunoassay.	Ethanol	102-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
3955217-3	1986	In experimental animals that had been exposed to ethanol leu- and met-enkephalin concentration in the hemispheric cortex and hippocump was similar to that in the controls, while in the pituitary body it was significantly decreased.	Ethanol	49-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3006089-5	1986	Several mu opioid agonists, antagonists, and synthetic enkephalin analogs interacted with DMT and LSD.	N,N-Dimethyltryptamine	90-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
2869404-1	1986	In addition to "enkephalinase" (EC 3.4.24.11), two enkephalin-hydrolyzing aminopeptidases recently identified in cerebral membranes--aminopeptidase M (EC 3.4.11.2) and a "puromycin-sensitive" aminopeptidase (also designated "MII" or "aminoenkephalinase")--are potentially involved in endogenous enkephalin inactivation.	Puromycin	171-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2869404-2	1986	Their participation in the hydrolysis of the endogenous (Met5)enkephalin released by depolarization of slices from rat globus pallidus was assessed, using three inhibitory agents: bestatin, puromycin, and anti-aminopeptidase M antibodies.	ubenimex	180-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2869404-2	1986	Their participation in the hydrolysis of the endogenous (Met5)enkephalin released by depolarization of slices from rat globus pallidus was assessed, using three inhibitory agents: bestatin, puromycin, and anti-aminopeptidase M antibodies.	Puromycin	190-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2869404-3	1986	The selectivity and potency of these agents were first determined by evaluating their IC50 values for inhibition of [3H](Met5)enkephalin hydrolysis by increasingly complex preparations comprising semipurified aminopeptidases, pallidal membranes, and pallidal slices.	Tritium	117-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
2869404-7	1986	Analysis of the concentration-protection curves of the three agents for recovery of the (Met5)enkephalin released from pallidal slices in the presence of the "enkephalinase" inhibitor, thiorphan, indicated that both aminopeptidases participated in enkephalin degradation but that the role of aminopeptidase M was largely predominant, in contrast with its low relative activity in the preparation.	Thiorphan	185-194	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3520541-3	1986	Some mechanisms of the enkephalin effect on the hormonal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed.	Carbohydrates	71-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
2868784-2	1986	In substantia nigra Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 was increased and no change was observed in dynorphin A1-8 content.	arg6-gly7-leu8	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
3755528-5	1986	NPY (0.5-1 micrograms) reduced the ICV and IT effects of morphine but potentiated the action of the selective delta-receptor ligand [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE).	2-d-penicillamine	133-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
2935695-5	1986	Equimolar concentrations (10(-7)M ) of methionine enkephaline (Met-Enk) and D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) produced a significant decrease in LH.	methionine enkephaline	39-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
2935695-5	1986	Equimolar concentrations (10(-7)M ) of methionine enkephaline (Met-Enk) and D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) produced a significant decrease in LH.	Luteinizing Hormone	145-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
3517687-3	1986	The peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction product was intensified by the selective deposition of silver crystals in order to display the morphology of proenkephalin-containing neurons with great fidelity.	Silver	94-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-161
3517691-2	1986	Phencyclidine and related psychotomimetic drugs, applied in known concentrations in the fluid bathing the slice, depressed responses to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid noradrenaline (in the presence of the uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine) and [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and also prolonged the action potential.	Phencyclidine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	264-274
3517691-3	1986	The sensitivities of these responses to depression by phencyclidine was N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (IC50 0.4 microM) greater than noradrenaline (IC50 3.9 microM) greater than [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (IC50 8.5 microM) greater than prolongation of the action potential (41% increase by 30 microM).	Phencyclidine	54-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3517691-3	1986	The sensitivities of these responses to depression by phencyclidine was N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (IC50 0.4 microM) greater than noradrenaline (IC50 3.9 microM) greater than [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (IC50 8.5 microM) greater than prolongation of the action potential (41% increase by 30 microM).	Norepinephrine	128-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
3516403-3	1986	The highest concentration of immunoreactive met5-enk-arg6-gly7-leu8 was observed in the colon, while intermediate concentrations were found in the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.	gly7-leu8	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
3702876-3	1986	The detailed study, by competitive assay, of the interaction between this antibody and various enkephalin derivatives shows that the carboxy-terminal part of the molecule and, particularly, the leu side chain constitutes the immunodominant group.	Leucine	194-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
3101414-8	1986	Pepsin-generated iENK gave three major peaks during HPLC, one of which (ca, 25%) co-eluted with oxidized ENK and also registered in a radioreceptor assay for opiate-related substances.	Opiate Alkaloids	158-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
3002521-2	1986	[DAla2, DLeu5]-enkephalin (DADLE) and [DAla2, MePhe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMPGE) were the most selective agonists of delta- and mu-opiate receptors, respectively.	mephe4	46-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
3123942-2	1986	Thiorphan-sensitive enkephalinase hydrolysis of [leu]enkephalin could not be detected in plasma.	Thiorphan	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
3504246-3	1986	One week following the lesion, animals exhibiting complete withdrawal of the injured limb, showed bilateral reduction of met- and leu-enkephalin content of PAG.	pag	156-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
2828955-3	1986	The pronounced inhibition of the binding of 1 nM [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) by 100 mM Na+ was reversed by Mn++ to the levels seen in the absence of ions both in adults and in 10-day-old neonates.	DADLE	79-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2828957-3	1986	Autoradiography of the sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the solubilized and reduced membranes showed that a protein having an apparent molecular weight of 46,000 daltons was specifically labeled, suggesting that this protein may be the opioid (enkephalin) receptor.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	23-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	FAB protocol	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	FAB protocol	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	Tritium	109-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	Tritium	109-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	mephe4	121-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	Tritium	191-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2429858-2	1986	The effect of striatal ibotenic acid lesions on dynorphin-, substance P- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivities in the substantia nigra has been studied with immunohistochemistry as well as biochemistry.	Ibotenic Acid	23-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2432439-8	1986	In the THC-treated animals, the met-enkephalin and beta-end LI levels were lower in the AHPOA and higher in the MBH.	Dronabinol	7-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3123943-12	1986	The ENK-degrading AP, partially purified from primary rat brain astrocyte cell membranes, exhibited a smaller apparent Mr value (130 kDa) and a higher sensitivity to amastatin (IC50: 0.4 microM), bestatin (IC50: 90 nM) and puromycin (IC50: 5 microM) than did the N1E-115 enzyme.	amastatin	166-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3123943-12	1986	The ENK-degrading AP, partially purified from primary rat brain astrocyte cell membranes, exhibited a smaller apparent Mr value (130 kDa) and a higher sensitivity to amastatin (IC50: 0.4 microM), bestatin (IC50: 90 nM) and puromycin (IC50: 5 microM) than did the N1E-115 enzyme.	ubenimex	196-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3123943-12	1986	The ENK-degrading AP, partially purified from primary rat brain astrocyte cell membranes, exhibited a smaller apparent Mr value (130 kDa) and a higher sensitivity to amastatin (IC50: 0.4 microM), bestatin (IC50: 90 nM) and puromycin (IC50: 5 microM) than did the N1E-115 enzyme.	Puromycin	223-232	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3123944-2	1986	Its origin from enkephalin neurons is suggested by its regional distribution paralleling that of (Met5)-enkephalin (YGGFM), its decrease following kainate-induced ablation of the striato-pallidal neurons and its enhanced formation following depolarization of pallidal slices.	Kainic Acid	147-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
3123944-2	1986	Its origin from enkephalin neurons is suggested by its regional distribution paralleling that of (Met5)-enkephalin (YGGFM), its decrease following kainate-induced ablation of the striato-pallidal neurons and its enhanced formation following depolarization of pallidal slices.	Kainic Acid	147-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2828974-2	1986	In a titrable manner, the Fab fragments noncompetitively inhibited the binding of the mu selective peptide, [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, 2Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and the delta selective peptide, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), to neural membranes.	[d-pen2,	194-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
3123942-3	1986	On the other hand, 2-d-ala-l-[leu]enkephalin is metabolized approximately 35% by an unidentified bestatin-sensitive enzyme and approximately 15% by thiorphan-sensitive enkephalinase in rat plasma, while captopril-sensitive angiotensin converting enzyme is without measurable activity against this substrate.	Captopril	203-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3123960-2	1986	Valproate administered at both 300 and 600 mg/kg doses induces an increase of enkephalin levels in striatum, hypothalamus, brain stem and cortex.	Valproic Acid	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
3123964-0	1986	Enkephalin contained in dentate granule cells is important for kainic acid-induced wet dog shakes.	Kainic Acid	63-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
4075166-7	1985	In vitro superfusion of GABA (100 microM) produced a approximately equal to 63% decrease in IR-Met-enkephalin released from striatal slices in both saline and acute PTZ-treated rats.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	24-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
3123964-1	1986	Kainic acid (KA) caused an initial decrease and a subsequent rebound in hippocampal enkephalin (ENK) in rats exhibiting wet dog shakes (WDS) without behavioral convulsions.	Kainic Acid	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
3123964-3	1986	Granule-cell destroying injections of colchicine into ventral but not dorsal hippocampus caused a 60% reduction of hippocampal ENK and a complete elimination of KA-induced WDS.	Colchicine	38-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
3016848-0	1986	Effects of chronic administration of a methionine-enkephalin analogue on the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal cortex.	Methionine	39-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2828999-2	1986	The dose-response curves of the preferential mu- ligands morphine and [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) were shifted by naloxone at low doses but not by ICI 174,864.	mephe4	79-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
2828999-2	1986	The dose-response curves of the preferential mu- ligands morphine and [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) were shifted by naloxone at low doses but not by ICI 174,864.	Naloxone	130-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
2828999-4	1986	[D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) induced dose-related effects that were weakly antagonized by ICI 174,864 and partly by low-dose naloxone.	Naloxone	132-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2829008-0	1986	Binding characteristics of [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Glyol5] enkephalin and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin in rat brain: inhibition studies with fentanyl-like drugs.	Fentanyl	130-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2829008-1	1986	We have investigated the binding characteristics of two tritiated enkephalin analogues [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Glyol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) which are highly selective for mu and delta opioid sites respectively, in homogenates of whole rat brain and of the pons/medulla region.	tritiated	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2829008-1	1986	We have investigated the binding characteristics of two tritiated enkephalin analogues [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Glyol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) which are highly selective for mu and delta opioid sites respectively, in homogenates of whole rat brain and of the pons/medulla region.	tritiated	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
2829008-1	1986	We have investigated the binding characteristics of two tritiated enkephalin analogues [D-Ala2-MePhe4-Glyol5] enkephalin (DAGO) and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) which are highly selective for mu and delta opioid sites respectively, in homogenates of whole rat brain and of the pons/medulla region.	tritiated	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
2829009-1	1986	The development of rat brain delta-opioid receptors has been studied in the postnatal period using the highly selective delta-site ligand [3H]-[D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) in binding studies.	Tritium	139-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
4075166-0	1985	Pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures produce an increased release of IR-Met-enkephalin from rat striatum in vitro.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
4075166-1	1985	In this work we analyzed the immunoreactive-methionine-enkephalin (IR-Met-enkephalin) levels in several brain regions of rats sacrificed during the tonic extension, induced by acute treatment with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).	Pentylenetetrazole	197-214	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
4075166-1	1985	In this work we analyzed the immunoreactive-methionine-enkephalin (IR-Met-enkephalin) levels in several brain regions of rats sacrificed during the tonic extension, induced by acute treatment with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).	Pentylenetetrazole	197-214	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2999128-5	1985	The purified immunoglobulin inhibited the binding of [3H]dihydromorphine in a titrable, saturable, and reversible manner, as well as the binding of the delta-ligand [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, the kappa-ligand [3H] ethylketocyclazocine, and 3H-labeled antagonists.	Tritium	166-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
2999128-5	1985	The purified immunoglobulin inhibited the binding of [3H]dihydromorphine in a titrable, saturable, and reversible manner, as well as the binding of the delta-ligand [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, the kappa-ligand [3H] ethylketocyclazocine, and 3H-labeled antagonists.	Tritium	166-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
2999545-3	1985	Opiate agonists inhibited K+-induced 3H-GABA efflux in the following decreasing order of potency: bremazocine greater than D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (ENK) greater than SKF 10047 much greater than morphine, consistent with the participation of kappa, delta, sigma and to a lesser extent mu opiate receptors respectively.	Tritium	37-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
2999545-4	1985	Naloxone (1 microM) partially antagonised the response to morphine and ENK, while ICI 154129 attenuated ENK only.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
4075166-7	1985	In vitro superfusion of GABA (100 microM) produced a approximately equal to 63% decrease in IR-Met-enkephalin released from striatal slices in both saline and acute PTZ-treated rats.	Pentylenetetrazole	165-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
4075166-9	1985	Our results suggest that of several brain regions tested, only the striatal IR-Met-enkephalin may be released during the ictus to mediate postictal behavior in the acute PTZ treated and in PTZ-kindled rats.	Pentylenetetrazole	170-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
4075166-9	1985	Our results suggest that of several brain regions tested, only the striatal IR-Met-enkephalin may be released during the ictus to mediate postictal behavior in the acute PTZ treated and in PTZ-kindled rats.	Pentylenetetrazole	189-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
4078631-1	1985	The administration of reserpine increases enkephalin content in rat striatum and adrenal medulla.	Reserpine	22-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2417870-1	1985	The cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of D-1 (stimulatory) and D-2 (inhibitory) dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by morphine (0.3-3 microM), [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE, 0.03-0.3 microM) but not by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.03-0.3 microM).	Cyclic AMP	4-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
2417870-1	1985	The cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of D-1 (stimulatory) and D-2 (inhibitory) dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by morphine (0.3-3 microM), [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE, 0.03-0.3 microM) but not by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.03-0.3 microM).	Cyclic AMP	4-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	291-301
2417870-1	1985	The cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of D-1 (stimulatory) and D-2 (inhibitory) dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by morphine (0.3-3 microM), [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE, 0.03-0.3 microM) but not by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.03-0.3 microM).	Morphine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
2417870-1	1985	The cyclic AMP efflux from rat neostriatal slices induced by simultaneous activation of D-1 (stimulatory) and D-2 (inhibitory) dopamine receptors with 30 microM dopamine was inhibited by morphine (0.3-3 microM), [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE, 0.03-0.3 microM) but not by [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.03-0.3 microM).	Morphine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	291-301
4078631-5	1985	Reserpine (2 mg/kg, i.p., repeated daily for two consecutive days) led 3 to 5 days later to an increase in the striatal content of proenkephalin mRNA as well as high and low molecular weight peptides containing enkephalin.	Reserpine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-144
4078631-5	1985	Reserpine (2 mg/kg, i.p., repeated daily for two consecutive days) led 3 to 5 days later to an increase in the striatal content of proenkephalin mRNA as well as high and low molecular weight peptides containing enkephalin.	Reserpine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
4078631-7	1985	The results in striatum suggest that reserpine increases enkephalin synthesis by removing a tonic dopaminergic inhibition: those in adrenal medulla indicate that reserpine causes an accumulation of enkephalins by blocking the release and/or increasing the processing which may trigger a feedback-regulatory mechanism leading to a decrease in proenkephalin mRNA content.	Reserpine	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
4078631-7	1985	The results in striatum suggest that reserpine increases enkephalin synthesis by removing a tonic dopaminergic inhibition: those in adrenal medulla indicate that reserpine causes an accumulation of enkephalins by blocking the release and/or increasing the processing which may trigger a feedback-regulatory mechanism leading to a decrease in proenkephalin mRNA content.	Reserpine	162-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	342-355
4080113-0	1985	Elevated potassium stimulates enkephalin biosynthesis in bovine chromaffin cells.	Potassium	9-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3834418-0	1985	Blood pressure responses of conscious rats to intravenous administration of enkephalin derivatives (D-ala2 methionine and leucine enkephalinamide, and methionine and leucine enkephalinamide.	d-ala2 methionine	100-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
4080113-0	1985	Elevated potassium stimulates enkephalin biosynthesis in bovine chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	64-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
4080113-1	1985	Exposure of bovine adrenal medullary cells in culture to a depolarizing concentration of potassium (50 mM), causes a rapid rise in both cellular and secreted Met-enkephalin peptide.	Potassium	89-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
4080113-4	1985	Potassium stimulation of Met-enkephalin biosynthesis requires the presence of extracellular Ca2+ and is not observed in either low Ca2+ medium or in the presence of D600, a Ca2+ channel blocker.	Potassium	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
3865779-0	1985	In vitro and in vivo effects of kelatorphan on enkephalin metabolism in rodent brain.	kelatorphan	32-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
3865779-2	1985	Kelatorphan almost completely inhibited the formation of the three metabolites [3H]Tyr, [3H]Tyr-Gly and [3H]Tyr-Gly-Gly produced by incubation of [3H][Tyr1,Met5]enkephalin with rat striatal slices.	kelatorphan	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
3865779-3	1985	Co-administered with [Met5]enkephalin in mouse brain, kelatorphan was able to prevent by 80% the degradation of the exogenous peptide.	kelatorphan	54-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
3865779-4	1985	Moreover, a mixture of thiorphan (1 microM) and bestatin (20 microM) or kelatorphan alone (20 microM) induced a 2.2 to 2.5-fold increase in endogenous [Met5]enkephalin overflow after evoked depolarization of superfused rat striatal slices.	Thiorphan	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
3865779-4	1985	Moreover, a mixture of thiorphan (1 microM) and bestatin (20 microM) or kelatorphan alone (20 microM) induced a 2.2 to 2.5-fold increase in endogenous [Met5]enkephalin overflow after evoked depolarization of superfused rat striatal slices.	ubenimex	48-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
3865779-4	1985	Moreover, a mixture of thiorphan (1 microM) and bestatin (20 microM) or kelatorphan alone (20 microM) induced a 2.2 to 2.5-fold increase in endogenous [Met5]enkephalin overflow after evoked depolarization of superfused rat striatal slices.	kelatorphan	72-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
3865779-5	1985	In this assay, kelatorphan was the only compound to increase by 63% the basal level of released [Met5]enkephalin.	kelatorphan	15-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
3834418-1	1985	The present study was designed to determine the blood pressure (BP) responses of conscious rats given intravenous (IV) injections of enkephalin derivatives (D-ala2-methionine enkephalinamide, DAMEA; D-ala2-leucine enkephalinamide, DALEA; methionine enkephalinamide, MEA; leucine enkephalinamide, LEA) and the receptor mechanisms mediating the resultant change in BP.	d-ala2-leucine enkephalinamide	199-229	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
3834418-0	1985	Blood pressure responses of conscious rats to intravenous administration of enkephalin derivatives (D-ala2 methionine and leucine enkephalinamide, and methionine and leucine enkephalinamide.	Methionine	107-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2867500-1	1985	Age-related changes in the brain"s saturable, specific, carrier-mediated transport system for the small, N-tyrosinated peptides Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were studied in Fischer 344 rats aged 4 and 26 months.	Tyrosine	128-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
2998381-1	1985	Naltrexone was administered to rats for 7 days by osmotic minipump (5 mg/kg/day) and thereupon, forebrain mu opioid receptor levels in subcellular fractions were monitored by homologous displacement of [3H]D-ala2-mePhe4-gly-ol5 enkephalin binding.	Naltrexone	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
3934576-0	1985	Mesolimbic dopamine lesions produce an augmented behavioral response to enkephalin.	Dopamine	11-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2867500-1	1985	Age-related changes in the brain"s saturable, specific, carrier-mediated transport system for the small, N-tyrosinated peptides Tyr-MIF-1 (Tyr-Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) were studied in Fischer 344 rats aged 4 and 26 months.	Tyrosine	128-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
2867500-5	1985	In addition, blood concentrations of Tyr-MIF-1-like immunoactivity were nearly doubled in aged rats (3.24 +/- 0.373 vs 1.67 +/- 0.0904 pM/ml), while blood concentrations of Met-Enk-like immunoactivity and brain concentrations of immunoactive Tyr-MIF-1 and Met-Enk showed no statistically significant difference between age groups.	Tyrosine	37-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
2867500-5	1985	In addition, blood concentrations of Tyr-MIF-1-like immunoactivity were nearly doubled in aged rats (3.24 +/- 0.373 vs 1.67 +/- 0.0904 pM/ml), while blood concentrations of Met-Enk-like immunoactivity and brain concentrations of immunoactive Tyr-MIF-1 and Met-Enk showed no statistically significant difference between age groups.	Tyrosine	37-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	260-263
2998890-2	1985	The lei-enkephalin analogue was shown to hinder the changes of these parameters induced with adrenaline.	Epinephrine	93-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
4047342-11	1985	Leucine enkephalin (50 micrograms) stimulated LH and inhibited PRL release, while methionine-enkephalin (50 micrograms) selectively stimulated PRL release.	Luteinizing Hormone	46-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2995978-2	1985	Low concentrations of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin selectively inhibit the mu1 binding of [3H]dihydromorphine, leaving mu2 sites, while low morphine concentrations eliminate the mu1 binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, leaving delta sites.	3h]dihydromorphine	89-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
4047342-12	1985	The methionine-enkephalin analogs, FK-33824 (50 ng) and DALAMID (50 micrograms), evoked sequential PRL and LH responses similar to those seen after beta E injection.	Methionine	4-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2995978-2	1985	Low concentrations of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin selectively inhibit the mu1 binding of [3H]dihydromorphine, leaving mu2 sites, while low morphine concentrations eliminate the mu1 binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, leaving delta sites.	Morphine	99-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
4047342-12	1985	The methionine-enkephalin analogs, FK-33824 (50 ng) and DALAMID (50 micrograms), evoked sequential PRL and LH responses similar to those seen after beta E injection.	Luteinizing Hormone	107-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2995978-2	1985	Low concentrations of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin selectively inhibit the mu1 binding of [3H]dihydromorphine, leaving mu2 sites, while low morphine concentrations eliminate the mu1 binding of [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, leaving delta sites.	Tritium	89-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2996518-1	1985	Opiate receptors were solubilized from rat brain with digitonin and treated with an affinity resin, AH-Sepharose coupled with [D-Ala2, Leu5]enkephalin.	ah-sepharose	100-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
3903540-3	1985	Renal denervation abolished the increase in PRA by Leu-ENK.	Leucine	51-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Dopamine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	324-334
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Dopamine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	346-356
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Serotonin	66-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	324-334
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Serotonin	66-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	346-356
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Acetylcholine	97-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	324-334
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Acetylcholine	97-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	346-356
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Glutamic Acid	112-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	324-334
2413943-5	1985	The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency.	Glutamic Acid	112-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	346-356
2413968-6	1985	The low molecular weight, N-tyrosinated peptides (leucine-enkephalin, methionine enkephalin, N-Tyr-MIF-1, and N-Tyr-FMRF), that have been shown to be transported out of the brain by a saturable, carrier-mediated system, had much lower penetration rates than those predicted by their octanol coefficients.	n-tyrosinated peptides	26-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2994775-0	1985	[Mechanism of the antistressor effect of D-Ala(2)-Leu(5)-Arg(6)-enkephalin].	d-ala(2)-leu(5)-arg	41-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
3910797-16	1985	The role of main enkephalin degrading enzymes in the brain was discussed with respect to the analgesic action of thiorphan and its concentration in the brain.	Thiorphan	113-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3903540-6	1985	These results suggest that the renal nerve plays an important role in elevating PRA after central stimulation by Leu-ENK.	Leucine	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
3903250-5	1985	As compared to normal rats, suppression of PRA by ANG II and NT was attenuated or abolished but BK and Leu-ENK produced significant reductions in PRA in 2K-1C hypertensive rats.	Leucine	103-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
2997666-0	1985	Regional differences in mu 1-binding of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin: comparisons of thalamus and cortex in the rat.	Tritium	41-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
2997666-2	1985	Competition studies indicated that approximately 60% of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) binding in the thalamus was inhibited by low concentrations of morphine (2-5 nM).	Tritium	57-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2997666-2	1985	Competition studies indicated that approximately 60% of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) binding in the thalamus was inhibited by low concentrations of morphine (2-5 nM).	Tritium	57-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2997666-2	1985	Competition studies indicated that approximately 60% of [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin ([3H]DADLE) binding in the thalamus was inhibited by low concentrations of morphine (2-5 nM).	Morphine	162-170	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	2-d-penicillamine	54-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	2-d-penicillamine	54-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	2-d-penicillamine	54-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	2-d-penicillamine	54-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	DPLCE	99-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2992671-5	1985	The conformationally restricted enkephalin analogues [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-cysteine] enkephalin (DPLCE), [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPLPE) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine] enkephalin (DPDPE) produced dose-related inhibition of reflex bladder contractions when administered by the i.c.v.	[2-d-penicillamine	53-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2992671-11	1985	The antagonism observed was selective since the equipotent inhibition produced by the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, Me-Phe4, Gly(ol)5] enkephalin (DAGO) was unaffected.	me-phe4	122-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
2410576-3	1985	Within the LSn, antisera against dynorphin 1-8 (DYN), substance P (SP), and Met-enkephalin (ENK) produced labeling of a large number of processes in all segmental levels examined.	lsn	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
2987638-1	1985	Displacement studies of [3H]-[D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5]-enkephalin ([3H]-DAGO) and [3H]-[D-Ala2-D-Leu5]-enkephalin ([3H]-DADL) by the corresponding unlabeled ligands show that there are at least three classes of sites which bind these enkephalin analogs with high affinity.	Tritium	25-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
4021999-1	1985	The repeated administration of haloperidol or fenfluramine for several days led to an increase of enkephalin content in specific brain areas.	Haloperidol	31-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
4021999-1	1985	The repeated administration of haloperidol or fenfluramine for several days led to an increase of enkephalin content in specific brain areas.	Fenfluramine	46-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
4021999-5	1985	Haloperidol treatment increased enkephalins, the precursor, and PE-mRNA content in the striatum, suggesting that this drug might increase enkephalin steady state by increasing transcription, translation, or both processes.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
4021999-6	1985	In contrast, fenfluramine increased hypothalamic and striatal enkephalin content by preferentially reducing neuropeptide utilization or decreasing its catabolism without changing its synthesis.	Fenfluramine	13-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2863790-1	1985	The effect of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) on responses of rat brain neostriatum neurones to microiontophoretic application of glutamate was studied in experiments with extracellular recording of spike activity.	Glutamic Acid	130-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
2863790-2	1985	Met-Enk administered by microiontophoresis was shown to depress the glutamate-induced responses.	Glutamic Acid	68-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2863790-3	1985	In parallel experiments with synaptic membranes isolated from the striatum it was shown that Met-Enk reduces specific binding of glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	129-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2863790-5	1985	The data obtained show that the depressive effect of Met-Enk may be due to the inhibitory influence of the peptide on glutamate binding to its postsynaptic receptors.	Glutamic Acid	118-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2995863-0	1985	Sulfonic acid enkephalin: binding specificity to rat brain opiate receptors.	Sulfonic Acids	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2995863-1	1985	We tested sulfonic-acid enkephalin, a SO3H-Tyr derivative of the Leu-enkephalin, for its binding capacity to rat brain opiate receptors, by competition against several tritiated enkephalins.	so3h-tyr	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2995863-2	1985	Using [3H]DADLE as the competitor, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds to rat brain opiate receptors, and using [3H]DSLET and [3H]DAGO as the competitors, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds preferentially to delta-opiate receptors.	Tritium	7-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2995863-2	1985	Using [3H]DADLE as the competitor, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds to rat brain opiate receptors, and using [3H]DSLET and [3H]DAGO as the competitors, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds preferentially to delta-opiate receptors.	Tritium	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2995863-2	1985	Using [3H]DADLE as the competitor, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds to rat brain opiate receptors, and using [3H]DSLET and [3H]DAGO as the competitors, we demonstrated that sulfonic-acid enkephalin binds preferentially to delta-opiate receptors.	Tritium	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2989631-3	1985	Morphine"s affinity for opioid receptors labeled in vitro with 3H-naloxone or 3H-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin was not altered by fluoxetine, which has no affinity for these sites at concentrations as high as 1000 nM.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
3897912-6	1985	The Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity demonstrated in this study suggests the occurrence of preproenkephalin A and related opioid peptides.	Arginine	12-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
3897912-6	1985	The Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity demonstrated in this study suggests the occurrence of preproenkephalin A and related opioid peptides.	Glycine	16-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
3897912-6	1985	The Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu-like immunoreactivity demonstrated in this study suggests the occurrence of preproenkephalin A and related opioid peptides.	Leucine	20-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
2858918-1	1985	Specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure the effects of hypertonic saline (salt loading), water deprivation, and trichothecene mycotoxin (T2 toxin) on the content of methionine enkephalin (ME), leucine enkephalin (LE), alpha-neoendorphin, dynorphin A, dynorphin B, vasopressin, and oxytocin in the rat posterior pituitary.	trichothecene mycotoxin	120-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
3891013-4	1985	In the sequential immunostaining of one and the same section of the spinal cord pretreated with colchicine using the ChAT antibody and a polyclonal antibody against methionine-enkephalin-argynine-glycine-leucine (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu), substantial numbers of neurons were immunostained simultaneously by the two antibodies in the intermediate gray matter.	argynine-glycine-leucine	187-211	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
3894037-2	1985	In parallel experiments, following chronic treatment with clomipramine, iprindole and nomifensin striatal [Leu5]enkephalin-like immunoreactivity ([Leu5]ELI) was also significantly enhanced.	Clomipramine	58-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
2990953-0	1985	Increased affinity and selectivity of enkephalin tripeptide (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly) dimers.	tripeptide K-26	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2990953-0	1985	Increased affinity and selectivity of enkephalin tripeptide (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly) dimers.	tyr-d-ala-gly	61-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3838946-2	1985	Several lines of evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing neurons in the striatum.	Oxidopamine	203-220	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3838946-2	1985	Several lines of evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing neurons in the striatum.	Reserpine	285-294	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3838946-2	1985	Several lines of evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing neurons in the striatum.	Haloperidol	298-309	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3838946-2	1985	Several lines of evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing neurons in the striatum.	Dopamine	119-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3838946-2	1985	Several lines of evidence, which showed that striatal levels of [Met5]enkephalin (ME) increase after the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway was interrupted by hemitransection or direct administration of 6-hydroxydopamine to the substantia nigra, or after repeated injections of either reserpine or haloperidol, suggest that dopamine (DA) plays an important role in regulating the metabolism of ME-containing neurons in the striatum.	Dopamine	334-336	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2989719-1	1985	[Tyr-3,5-3H]1, D-Ala2, Leu5-enkephalin [( 3H]DALA) was used for labeling the opioid receptors of rat brain plasma membranes.	Tritium	9-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
2990953-1	1985	The binding of alkylendiamide dimers of the three N-terminal residues of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) to rat brain and Ng108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cell membranes was compared with that of DADL, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol (DAGO) and morphiceptin.	alkylendiamide	15-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2990953-1	1985	The binding of alkylendiamide dimers of the three N-terminal residues of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) to rat brain and Ng108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cell membranes was compared with that of DADL, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol (DAGO) and morphiceptin.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	200-228	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2990953-1	1985	The binding of alkylendiamide dimers of the three N-terminal residues of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADL) to rat brain and Ng108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma cell membranes was compared with that of DADL, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMe-Phe-Gly-ol (DAGO) and morphiceptin.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	230-234	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2989719-2	1985	The labeled ligand was prepared from [Tyr-3,5-diiodo]1, D-Ala2, Leu5-enkephalin by catalytic reductive dehalogenation in the presence of Pd catalyst.	[tyr-3,5-diiodo]1, d-ala2	37-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2989719-2	1985	The labeled ligand was prepared from [Tyr-3,5-diiodo]1, D-Ala2, Leu5-enkephalin by catalytic reductive dehalogenation in the presence of Pd catalyst.	Palladium	137-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2989719-3	1985	The resulting [Tyr-3,5-3H]1, D-Ala2, Leu5-enkephalin had a specific activity of 37.3 Ci/mmol.	[tyr-3,5-3h]1, d-ala2	14-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2985440-0	1985	Comparative binding properties of linear and cyclic delta-selective enkephalin analogues: [3H]-[D-Thr2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 and [3H]-[D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin.	[3h]-[d-thr2, leu5] enkephalyl-thr6	90-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
3921974-1	1985	Intravenous (iv) injection of FK33-824 [( D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met-(O)5-ol]-enkephalin, 8 and 16 nmole/100 g body wt), a potent Met5-enkephalin analog, and domperidone (1.2, 2.4, and 24 nmole/100 g body wt), a dopamine antagonist, resulted in a dose-related increase in plasma prolactin (PRL) levels in urethane-anesthetized male rats.	met-(o)5-ol	58-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2990945-1	1985	In rabbit isolated atria, [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (0.1-3 microM) inhibited responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting responses to exogenous acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	230-243	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2990945-4	1985	Both [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (0.3 and 1 microM) significantly decreased stimulation-induced radioactivity release and their effects were blocked by naloxone (1 microM).	Naloxone	183-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
2990945-5	1985	In rat isolated atria, [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (0.3-3 microM) inhibited responses to cholinergic nerve stimulation without affecting responses to exogenous acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	191-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
2987762-3	1985	The extent to which noradrenaline evoked an increase in 2-[14C]DG labelling of glycogen was modified by both morphine and methionine-enkephalin.	Norepinephrine	20-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
2987762-3	1985	The extent to which noradrenaline evoked an increase in 2-[14C]DG labelling of glycogen was modified by both morphine and methionine-enkephalin.	2-[14c]dg	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
2987762-3	1985	The extent to which noradrenaline evoked an increase in 2-[14C]DG labelling of glycogen was modified by both morphine and methionine-enkephalin.	Glycogen	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
2988685-5	1985	The mu-agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, displaced a small portion of the binding of [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with high affinities.	mephe4	25-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2988685-5	1985	The mu-agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, displaced a small portion of the binding of [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with high affinities.	mephe4	25-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
2988685-5	1985	The mu-agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, displaced a small portion of the binding of [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with high affinities.	Morphine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
2988685-5	1985	The mu-agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, displaced a small portion of the binding of [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with high affinities.	Tritium	110-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2988685-5	1985	The mu-agonists, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and morphine, displaced a small portion of the binding of [3H]-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with high affinities.	Tritium	110-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
3882408-14	1985	This distribution of enzyme activity, together with its preference for oligopeptides as substrates, its ability to generate leu- and met-enkephalin from several larger peptide precursors, and its affinity toward several other bioactive peptides, suggests that the enzyme functions in the metabolism of neuropeptides.	Leucine	124-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
2859095-2	1985	Treatment of the hippocampal slice with beta-funaltrexamine, a mu-receptor selective antagonist, blocked the effects of normorphine, dynorphin-A and dynorphin-B, but did not change the response to D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin.	beta-funaltrexamine	40-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
2985440-1	1985	The range of delta-selectivity of linear and cyclic analogues of enkephalin in rat brain was found to be: [D-Pen2, L-Pen5] enkephalin (DPLPE) greater than [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) greater than [D-Thr2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DTLET) greater than [D-Ser2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSLET).	[d-thr2, leu5] enkephalyl-thr6	204-234	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2985440-1	1985	The range of delta-selectivity of linear and cyclic analogues of enkephalin in rat brain was found to be: [D-Pen2, L-Pen5] enkephalin (DPLPE) greater than [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) greater than [D-Thr2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DTLET) greater than [D-Ser2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSLET).	deltakephalin	236-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2985440-1	1985	The range of delta-selectivity of linear and cyclic analogues of enkephalin in rat brain was found to be: [D-Pen2, L-Pen5] enkephalin (DPLPE) greater than [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) greater than [D-Thr2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DTLET) greater than [D-Ser2, Leu5] enkephalyl-Thr6 (DSLET).	[d-ser2, leu5] enkephalyl-thr6	256-286	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
4038717-2	1985	First, hemocyanin was used as the carrier for the antigen and secondly, a new iodination method for Met5-enkephalin was established, resulting in a [125I]probe with an intact methionyl residue.	methionyl	175-184	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
2986120-0	1985	Characterization of [3H][2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]-enkephalin binding to delta opiate receptors in the rat brain and neuroblastoma--glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15).	3h][2-d-penicillamine	21-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2581193-7	1985	Similarly, chlordecone treatment reduced the pituitary content of enkephalin in a manner identical to that of estrogen.	Chlordecone	11-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2581193-15	1985	Moreover, due to the similarity of both estrogen and chlordecone to anti-dopaminergic agents in altering [Met5]-enkephalin levels in both the pituitary and caudate nucleus it is speculated that a dopaminergic mechanism is responsible for their actions on the enkephalin system.	Chlordecone	53-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
2581193-15	1985	Moreover, due to the similarity of both estrogen and chlordecone to anti-dopaminergic agents in altering [Met5]-enkephalin levels in both the pituitary and caudate nucleus it is speculated that a dopaminergic mechanism is responsible for their actions on the enkephalin system.	Chlordecone	53-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	259-269
2986120-1	1985	Specific binding properties of the tritium-labeled delta opiate receptor agonist [3H][2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [( 3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin) were characterized in the rat brain and in a mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15).	Tritium	35-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2986120-1	1985	Specific binding properties of the tritium-labeled delta opiate receptor agonist [3H][2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [( 3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin) were characterized in the rat brain and in a mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15).	Tritium	82-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2986120-1	1985	Specific binding properties of the tritium-labeled delta opiate receptor agonist [3H][2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [( 3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin) were characterized in the rat brain and in a mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15).	2-d-penicillamine	86-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2986120-1	1985	Specific binding properties of the tritium-labeled delta opiate receptor agonist [3H][2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [( 3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin) were characterized in the rat brain and in a mouse neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15).	Tritium	137-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2986120-2	1985	Saturation isotherms of [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin binding to rat brain and NG 108-15 membranes gave apparent Kd values of 1-6 nM.	Tritium	25-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2986120-2	1985	Saturation isotherms of [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin binding to rat brain and NG 108-15 membranes gave apparent Kd values of 1-6 nM.	[d-pen2	28-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2986120-2	1985	Saturation isotherms of [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin binding to rat brain and NG 108-15 membranes gave apparent Kd values of 1-6 nM.	d-pen5	37-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2986120-5	1985	An apparent regional distribution of [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin binding was observed in the rat brain.	Tritium	38-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
3886072-1	1985	The regional quantitation, immunohistochemical localization and molecular heterogeneity of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 were examined in rat spinal cord with a specific radioimmunoassay.	arg6-gly7-leu8	107-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
3886072-7	1985	Total Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 immunoreactivity could be fractionated into two main components using gel filtration chromatography.	arg6-gly7-leu8	22-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3886072-9	1985	The present data, in conjunction with our previous study of Met5-enkephalin and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 indicates that all opioid peptides derived from preproenkephalin A are present in spinal cord and most likely are stored in the same neurons.	arg6-	96-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2859917-1	1985	This study was conducted in order to compare the effects of microiontophoretically-applied morphine and met-enkephalin (met-ENK) on spontaneous and/or glutamate-evoked activity of single globus pallidus (GP) neurons in locally anesthetized, paralyzed rats.	Glutamic Acid	151-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
2982830-0	1985	Proteolytic conversion of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 by brain synaptic membranes.	arg6-gly7-leu8	42-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2859917-1	1985	This study was conducted in order to compare the effects of microiontophoretically-applied morphine and met-enkephalin (met-ENK) on spontaneous and/or glutamate-evoked activity of single globus pallidus (GP) neurons in locally anesthetized, paralyzed rats.	Glutamic Acid	151-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
2859917-4	1985	Both the inhibitory and excitatory responses produced by morphine and met-ENK could be attenuated by the microiontophoretic application of naloxone.	Naloxone	139-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
2859917-6	1985	When applied to the same neurons, morphine elicited depression in 11 of 16 GP neurons which were excited by the application of met-ENK.	Morphine	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
2859917-7	1985	In contrast, neither of two GP neurons excited by morphine in this study displayed inhibition upon application of met-ENK.	Morphine	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
2579319-0	1985	A quantitative study of [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin binding to rat brain membranes.	Tritium	25-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2983043-4	1985	We utilized 3H-[D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (DADL) in the presence of 10 nM DAGO to label delta sites and 3H-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) in the presence of 100 nM DADL + 100 nM [D-ala2,mePhe4,Met(0)ol5]enkephalin to detect kappa receptors.	DADLE	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2983043-4	1985	We utilized 3H-[D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin (DADL) in the presence of 10 nM DAGO to label delta sites and 3H-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) in the presence of 100 nM DADL + 100 nM [D-ala2,mePhe4,Met(0)ol5]enkephalin to detect kappa receptors.	DADLE	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
3838345-7	1985	The probable neurotransmitter function of both [Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin A was shown by their calcium-dependent release after in vitro depolarization of hippocampal tissue.	Calcium	99-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
2579319-4	1985	In this study, we examine the interaction of the mu agonist oxymorphone and delta agonist DSTLE (D-Ser2-Thr6-Leu-enkephalin) with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) binding to membranes of rat brain.	Tritium	131-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
2579319-4	1985	In this study, we examine the interaction of the mu agonist oxymorphone and delta agonist DSTLE (D-Ser2-Thr6-Leu-enkephalin) with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) binding to membranes of rat brain.	Tritium	131-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
3839056-0	1985	Kelatorphan: a full inhibitor of enkephalin degrading enzymes.	kelatorphan	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
3839922-1	1985	Metorphamide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Arg-Val-NH2) a novel amidated octapeptide fragment of proenkephalin A was synthesized, purified and subsequently shown to inhibit the reflex contractions of the rat urinary bladder following intracerebroventricular and spinal intrathecal microinjections.	adrenorphin	14-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-107
2986652-0	1985	[The nature of cation-binding groups in binding sites for [[3H]Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin].	[[3h]tyr1	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
2986652-1	1985	The influence of pH on binding of labeled stable analog of enkephalin, [3H]Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to high- and low-affinity receptors of rat brain membranes was studied.	Tritium	72-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2986652-1	1985	The influence of pH on binding of labeled stable analog of enkephalin, [3H]Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to high- and low-affinity receptors of rat brain membranes was studied.	Tritium	72-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
2860602-1	1985	We have measured the content of met- and leu-enkephalin and dynorphin B in the rat hippocampus, and localized these opioid peptides within the intrinsic hippocampal neuronal circuitry with specific lesions.	Leucine	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
4034409-4	1985	The same peaks were also found to possess Met-Enk-immunoreactivity after enzyme digestion of Sephadex G-50 fractions with trypsin and carboxypeptidase B (CPB), suggesting their derivation from proenkephalin.	sephadex	93-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
3977917-5	1985	The delta agonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu3] enkephalin, the kappa agonist ethylketocyclazocine, and levorphanol, but not the mu agonist [D-ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5] enkephalin or dextrophan competed variably with [3H]diprenorphine for the binding in the right atrium and ventricle.	Levorphanol	90-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2984886-6	1985	In vitro addition of lithium inhibited enkephalin binding to opioid receptors through a reduction in the number of binding sites, while the affinity remained unchanged or was changed only slightly.	Lithium	21-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2984011-2	1985	The administration of ketocyclazocine, dynorphin-(1-17) or [Met5]enkephalin[Arg6,Phe7] immediately after initial exposure reversed the effect of adrenalectomy, whereas equimolar doses of morphine sulphate, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin-(1-8) were inactive.	ketazocine	22-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
2984011-2	1985	The administration of ketocyclazocine, dynorphin-(1-17) or [Met5]enkephalin[Arg6,Phe7] immediately after initial exposure reversed the effect of adrenalectomy, whereas equimolar doses of morphine sulphate, [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin-(1-8) were inactive.	Morphine	187-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
2981743-3	1985	Some 2000 CRF-stained neurons can be counted in the PVH of the colchicine-treated rat, and there is evidence that enkephalin, PHI, and neurotensin coexist with CRF in subsets of parvocellular neurons.	Colchicine	63-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
2408793-3	1985	Transplantable norepinephrine-rich tumors, which gave rise to significant blood pressure elevations, contained measurable immunoreactive enkephalins as determined by specific radioimmunoassays for leucine-enkephalin and methionine-enkephalin.	Norepinephrine	15-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
2408793-4	1985	Enkephalin immunoreactivity paralleled the enkephalin assay standard curves and was not abolished by boiling or by protease inhibitors (EDTA, PMSF).	Edetic Acid	136-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2408793-4	1985	Enkephalin immunoreactivity paralleled the enkephalin assay standard curves and was not abolished by boiling or by protease inhibitors (EDTA, PMSF).	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	142-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2856940-3	1985	[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin was the most potent opioid tested, and in the tail-flick test (long-term procedure) it was about 2 orders of magnitude more potent than dynorphin A and 7 times more potent than morphine.	Morphine	203-211	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3900010-0	1985	Cyanogen bromide cleavage of methionine residues as a control method for enkephalin immunocytochemistry.	Methionine	29-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
3900010-2	1985	One of the antibodies (R133) recognizes both met- and leu-enkephalin whereas the other (R26) reacts with met-enkephalin only.	Leucine	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
3900010-4	1985	R26-(met-enkephalin-like) immunoreactivity was totally abolished by cyanogen bromide pretreatment.	Cyanogen Bromide	68-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2993751-5	1985	Using this technique, we observed that some (but not all) nociceptive stimuli such as intense pinching of the muzzle, intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid or noxious heat applied to the muzzle or the tail induced a significant increase in met-enkephalin release from the spinal cord (see fig.	Acetic Acid	147-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
2856940-5	1985	Low doses of naloxone (1 and 2 mg/kg s.c.) completely blocked the antinociceptive effects of morphine and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, but neither low nor high (40 mg/kg s.c.) doses clearly blocked the antinociceptive effects of dynorphin A.	Naloxone	13-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
2993752-4	1985	One of these compounds, kelatorphan, totally protects, in vitro and in vivo, Met-enkephalin from enzymatic degradation.	kelatorphan	24-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
3885070-1	1985	The effect of postnatal administration of phenobarbital on enzymes degrading enkephalin was examined.	Phenobarbital	42-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2417173-7	1985	For SP, NT and enkephalin the motor response has been blocked by dopamine antagonists.	Dopamine	65-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2417173-9	1985	These data indicate that SP, SK, enkephalin and NT can activate dopamine neurons in the ventromedial mesencephalon.	Dopamine	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
2864680-3	1985	The substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine at position three resulted in a large increase in opiate receptor affinity which may be related to the known requirement for a phenolic hydroxyl moiety in the rigid opiate and enkephalin systems.	Tyrosine	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
2864680-3	1985	The substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine at position three resulted in a large increase in opiate receptor affinity which may be related to the known requirement for a phenolic hydroxyl moiety in the rigid opiate and enkephalin systems.	Phenylalanine	33-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
2864680-3	1985	The substitution of tyrosine for phenylalanine at position three resulted in a large increase in opiate receptor affinity which may be related to the known requirement for a phenolic hydroxyl moiety in the rigid opiate and enkephalin systems.	Hydroxyl Radical	183-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
2995942-0	1985	Effects of guanine nucleotides, transition metals and temperature on enkephalin receptors of rat brain membranes.	Guanine Nucleotides	11-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2995942-1	1985	The interactions among guanine nucleotides, transition metals and enkephalin (ENK) receptors were investigated by assaying the [3H]ENK binding to brain synaptic membranes.	Guanine Nucleotides	23-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
2995942-1	1985	The interactions among guanine nucleotides, transition metals and enkephalin (ENK) receptors were investigated by assaying the [3H]ENK binding to brain synaptic membranes.	Tritium	128-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2995942-1	1985	The interactions among guanine nucleotides, transition metals and enkephalin (ENK) receptors were investigated by assaying the [3H]ENK binding to brain synaptic membranes.	Tritium	128-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
2995942-2	1985	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, GTP and Gpp(NH)p reduced the binding of [3H]ENK at 0 degree C and 25 degrees C, reflecting a decrease mainly in the affinity of the binding sites.	Sodium Chloride	26-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2995942-2	1985	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, GTP and Gpp(NH)p reduced the binding of [3H]ENK at 0 degree C and 25 degrees C, reflecting a decrease mainly in the affinity of the binding sites.	Guanosine Triphosphate	32-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2995942-2	1985	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, GTP and Gpp(NH)p reduced the binding of [3H]ENK at 0 degree C and 25 degrees C, reflecting a decrease mainly in the affinity of the binding sites.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2995942-2	1985	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, GTP and Gpp(NH)p reduced the binding of [3H]ENK at 0 degree C and 25 degrees C, reflecting a decrease mainly in the affinity of the binding sites.	Tritium	73-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
3975260-1	1985	Increased concentrations of immunoreactive methionine-enkephalin but not leucine-enkephalin were measured in fractions of cerebrospinal fluid perfusate collected from ventricular-cisternally perfused, urethane-anesthetized rats exposed to a mixture of 75% nitrous oxide/25% oxygen for 60 min.	Methionine	43-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
3975260-2	1985	These findings suggest that nitrous oxide might be capable of inducing the release of methionine-enkephalin in the central nervous system.	Nitrous Oxide	28-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2864680-1	1985	The somatostatin analogs D-Phe-Cys-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr and the corresponding penicillamine compounds have been prepared and tested for their ability to displace [3H]naloxone and [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin from rat brain receptors.	D-Phe-Cys-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr	25-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2864680-1	1985	The somatostatin analogs D-Phe-Cys-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr and the corresponding penicillamine compounds have been prepared and tested for their ability to displace [3H]naloxone and [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin from rat brain receptors.	Penicillamine	79-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2864680-1	1985	The somatostatin analogs D-Phe-Cys-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr and the corresponding penicillamine compounds have been prepared and tested for their ability to displace [3H]naloxone and [3H] [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin from rat brain receptors.	Tritium	164-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2995942-3	1985	In the absence of sodium, however, guanine nucleotides only slightly lowered the ENK binding at 25 degrees C, and at 0 degree C they strongly increased the ENK binding dose-dependently.	Guanine Nucleotides	35-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
2995942-3	1985	In the absence of sodium, however, guanine nucleotides only slightly lowered the ENK binding at 25 degrees C, and at 0 degree C they strongly increased the ENK binding dose-dependently.	Guanine Nucleotides	35-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
2995942-5	1985	In micromolar concentrations, zinc and cupric ions inhibited the ENK binding to opioid receptors by respectively reducing the affinity and the number of binding sites.	cupric	39-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
2995942-7	1985	The results suggest complex interactions of transition metals and guanine nucleotides with ENK binding sites.	Guanine Nucleotides	66-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
2995943-3	1985	In contrast, specific binding of the delta ligand [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin was virtually totally eliminated as a result of formaldehyde perfusion.	Tritium	51-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
2995943-3	1985	In contrast, specific binding of the delta ligand [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin was virtually totally eliminated as a result of formaldehyde perfusion.	Formaldehyde	127-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
3917569-1	1985	A Met5-enkephalin analog, FK33-824 (5, 10 and 20 micrograms/100 g body wt, iv) caused a dose-related increase in plasma growth hormone (GH) in urethane-anesthetized male rats.	Urethane	143-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
3885070-6	1985	The treatment of the rats with phenobarbital resulted in a significant inhibition of enkephalinase A when measured in vitro, using methionine enkephalin as substrate.	Phenobarbital	31-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	Leucine	104-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
3937614-0	1985	[Investigations on the relationship between methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and acetylcholine (ACh) in brain of rats, with their influence on the effect of electroacupuncture analgesia].	Acetylcholine	80-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
3937614-0	1985	[Investigations on the relationship between methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and acetylcholine (ACh) in brain of rats, with their influence on the effect of electroacupuncture analgesia].	Acetylcholine	95-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
6595672-5	1984	On HPLC, the putative proenkephalin was eluted at a much higher propanol concentration than the 18.2-kDa enkephalin-containing peptide isolated previously.	1-Propanol	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
6099338-3	1984	HPLC at pH 3.0 resolved 125I[D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalin into two fractions, which ran as a single spot in thin-layer chromatography with the same Rf values.	[d-ala2, met5	28-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6595672-5	1984	On HPLC, the putative proenkephalin was eluted at a much higher propanol concentration than the 18.2-kDa enkephalin-containing peptide isolated previously.	1-Propanol	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	Leucine	104-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	arg6-phe7	136-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	arg6-phe7	136-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	arg6-gly7	167-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
6595672-6	1984	Treatment of this putative proenkephalin with endoproteinase Lys-C showed it contain [Met]-enkephalin, [Leu]enkephalin, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, and [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in the same ratios as are found in proenkephalin as deduced from sequencing of proenkephalin cDNA.	arg6-gly7	167-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6095896-1	1984	The enkephalin affinity reagent [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-CH2Cl [( 3H]DALECK) was synthesized.	Tritium	33-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6518374-3	1984	Three enkephalin-immunoreactive HPLC fractions inhibited the binding of labeled naloxone to rat brain membranes.	Naloxone	80-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
6095896-1	1984	The enkephalin affinity reagent [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-CH2Cl [( 3H]DALECK) was synthesized.	tyr-d-ala-gly-phe-leu-ch2cl	36-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6095896-1	1984	The enkephalin affinity reagent [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-CH2Cl [( 3H]DALECK) was synthesized.	Tritium	67-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6092610-15	1984	Bladder activity was consistently inhibited by [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5] enkephalin (mu agonist) and [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin (delta agonist) but was unaffected by U-50, 488H i.t., (kappa agonist).	u-50	165-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
6092610-15	1984	Bladder activity was consistently inhibited by [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5] enkephalin (mu agonist) and [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin (delta agonist) but was unaffected by U-50, 488H i.t., (kappa agonist).	488h	171-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
6094742-8	1984	The effect of low pH on sodium fluoride-stimulated and D-Ala enk-inhibited adenylate cyclase could be reversed by addition of either cis-vaccenic acid or phosphatidylcholine to treated membranes, but the effect on GTP regulation of binding was not reversed by lipid incorporation.	cis-vaccenic acid	133-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6094742-8	1984	The effect of low pH on sodium fluoride-stimulated and D-Ala enk-inhibited adenylate cyclase could be reversed by addition of either cis-vaccenic acid or phosphatidylcholine to treated membranes, but the effect on GTP regulation of binding was not reversed by lipid incorporation.	Phosphatidylcholines	154-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6094742-8	1984	The effect of low pH on sodium fluoride-stimulated and D-Ala enk-inhibited adenylate cyclase could be reversed by addition of either cis-vaccenic acid or phosphatidylcholine to treated membranes, but the effect on GTP regulation of binding was not reversed by lipid incorporation.	Guanosine Triphosphate	214-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6092897-2	1984	Prior administration of either morphine or D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin to the homogenates inhibits in a concentration-dependent manner the specific binding of [3H]naloxonazine.	Tritium	157-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
6149459-2	1984	Enkephalins and the stable analog [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, which are virtually inactive at kappa-sites, possess moderate binding affinity at benzomorphan sites.	Benzomorphans	143-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6092897-2	1984	Prior administration of either morphine or D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin to the homogenates inhibits in a concentration-dependent manner the specific binding of [3H]naloxonazine.	naloxonazine	160-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
6092897-3	1984	Most important, all the binding competed by unlabeled naloxonazine at 1 microM is also competed by morphine and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.	naloxonazine	54-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
6092898-6	1984	The irreversible antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) was used to estimate the dissociation equilibrium constants; these ranged from 9-16 microM for normorphine and [Met5]enkephalin and was about 2 microM for [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin.	beta-funaltrexamine	28-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
6092898-6	1984	The irreversible antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) was used to estimate the dissociation equilibrium constants; these ranged from 9-16 microM for normorphine and [Met5]enkephalin and was about 2 microM for [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin.	beta-funaltrexamine	49-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
6092898-6	1984	The irreversible antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) was used to estimate the dissociation equilibrium constants; these ranged from 9-16 microM for normorphine and [Met5]enkephalin and was about 2 microM for [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin.	beta-funaltrexamine	49-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
6514149-0	1984	Enkephalin content in rat striatum during prolonged treatment with fluphenazine.	Fluphenazine	67-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6092898-7	1984	beta-FNA also blocked the hyperpolarization caused by [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, ethylketacyclazocine, and [D-Ser2,D-Leu5] enkephalin-Thr.	beta-funaltrexamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
6514149-4	1984	Apomorphine, but not naloxone, prevented elevation of enkephalin levels after a one month FLU administration.	Apomorphine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
6092898-7	1984	beta-FNA also blocked the hyperpolarization caused by [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, ethylketacyclazocine, and [D-Ser2,D-Leu5] enkephalin-Thr.	beta-funaltrexamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
6092898-8	1984	Naloxone reversibly antagonized the hyperpolarizations caused by normorphine and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, with a dissociation equilibrium constant of 2 nM.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
6096731-1	1984	The rats subjected to repetitive electroconvulsive treatment (ECT; 8 electroshocks within 9 days) the density of specific 3H-D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin (3H-DADLE) binding sites in the cortical membranes was enhanced by approx.	3h-dadle	152-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6593732-4	1984	[Leu]Enk concentrations exceed those of [Met]Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu in certain brain areas such as the substantia nigra, dentate gyrus, globus pallidus, and median eminence (areas rich in dynorphin-related peptides).	Leucine	1-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
6092561-3	1984	A portion of [3H]-beta-endorphin binding is sensitive to low concentrations of morphine or D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (less than 5 nM).	Tritium	14-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6593732-4	1984	[Leu]Enk concentrations exceed those of [Met]Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu in certain brain areas such as the substantia nigra, dentate gyrus, globus pallidus, and median eminence (areas rich in dynorphin-related peptides).	Arginine	49-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
6593732-6	1984	In certain brain regions [Leu]Enk may derive from two separate precursors (prodynorphin and proenkephalin) in two distinct neuronal systems.	Leucine	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
6593732-6	1984	In certain brain regions [Leu]Enk may derive from two separate precursors (prodynorphin and proenkephalin) in two distinct neuronal systems.	Leucine	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-105
6395044-1	1984	The distribution of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-Enk-Arg-Phe)-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract was studied by immunohistochemical techniques.	Arginine	36-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6395044-1	1984	The distribution of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-Enk-Arg-Phe)-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract was studied by immunohistochemical techniques.	Arginine	36-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
6395044-1	1984	The distribution of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Met-Enk-Arg-Phe)-like immunoreactivity in the rat gastrointestinal tract was studied by immunohistochemical techniques.	Phenylalanine	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
6395044-2	1984	Antiserum against a Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-thyroglobulin conjugate was raised in rabbits and was found to be specific for synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Phe.	Arginine	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
6395044-2	1984	Antiserum against a Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-thyroglobulin conjugate was raised in rabbits and was found to be specific for synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Phe.	Arginine	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
6395044-2	1984	Antiserum against a Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-thyroglobulin conjugate was raised in rabbits and was found to be specific for synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Phe.	Phenylalanine	32-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
6395044-2	1984	Antiserum against a Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-thyroglobulin conjugate was raised in rabbits and was found to be specific for synthetic Met-Enk-Arg-Phe.	Phenylalanine	32-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
6395044-3	1984	Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-like immunoreactivity was found in neuronal structures in all parts of the rat gastrointestinal tract.	Arginine	8-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
6395044-3	1984	Met-Enk-Arg-Phe-like immunoreactivity was found in neuronal structures in all parts of the rat gastrointestinal tract.	Phenylalanine	12-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
6096283-8	1984	However, introduction of the sulfur atom in position 2 of Leu-Enk increased the potency of the compound in all assays, the MVD assay being the most sensitive.	Sulfur	29-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
6096283-8	1984	However, introduction of the sulfur atom in position 2 of Leu-Enk increased the potency of the compound in all assays, the MVD assay being the most sensitive.	Leucine	58-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
6386102-0	1984	Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in rat area postrema: ultrastructural localization and coexistence with serotonin.	Serotonin	105-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6386102-1	1984	The ultrastructure of enkephalin-containing neurons and their capacity to take-up [3H]serotonin were examined in the area postrema.	Serotonin	86-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6386102-11	1984	We conclude that neurons containing ELI are primarily, but not exclusively, associated with other intrinsic neurons or afferents in the rat area postrema and that some of the enkephalin-labeled terminals have the capacity to take-up serotonin.	Serotonin	233-242	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6489447-0	1984	[Leu5]enkephalin inhibits norepinephrine-induced contraction of rat aorta.	Norepinephrine	26-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
6489447-1	1984	Leucine-enkephalin produces a dose related decrease in the contractile response of spirally cut strips of rat aorta to norepinephrine (NE).	Norepinephrine	119-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6489447-2	1984	The maximal effect (55.0 +/- 1.0 percent reduction in developed tension) occurs at a leucine-enkephalin concentration of 10(-10) M. The attenuation of contractile response is reversed by naloxone.	Naloxone	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
6436816-1	1984	Enkephalin convertase, an enkephalin-forming carboxypeptidase, is potently inhibited by guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid (GEMSA).	guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid	88-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6151154-4	1984	GABAergic and opiate agonists, muscimol and enkephalin respectively, decreased neocortical SDHACU.	sdhacu	91-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6093016-1	1984	The distribution of opioid receptors in the stomach has been studied using autoradiography of slide-mounted tissue sections incubated with [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin.	Tritium	140-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
6148016-4	1984	A nervous mechanism involving acetylcholine was further suggested by the inhibitory action of methionine-enkephalin on gastrin release after vagal section.	Acetylcholine	30-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
6092561-6	1984	The portion of [3H]-beta-endorphin binding that is inhibited under these conditions appears to be equally sensitive to both morphine and the enkephalin and may correspond to mu1 sites.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
6504723-1	1984	Enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in a group of highly reactive neurons (HRN) of the rat hypothalamus by the biotin-avidin immunohistochemical technique.	Biotin	125-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6088761-4	1984	The GTP effect on D-[3H]Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (D-Ala-enk) binding was less sensitive to NEM than the binding itself.	Guanosine Triphosphate	4-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	Alanine	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	Alanine	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	d-[3h]ala	97-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	d-[3h]ala	97-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
6088761-5	1984	Incubation of membranes with 0.2 microM D-Ala-enk before addition of NEM significantly protected D-[3H]Ala-enk binding, but did not protect the GTP effect, actually increasing the effect of NEM and eliminating the GTP effect.	Guanosine Triphosphate	214-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
6088761-8	1984	Preincubation of membranes either with NaCl alone or with NaCl plus D-Ala-enk protected both the GTP effect and the binding site.	Guanosine Triphosphate	97-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
6466857-2	1984	The evaluation of the degree of the stress and antistressor properties of a hexapeptide arginine-containing analog of leu-enkephalin was performed according to the changes in the weight of the thymus, spleen, adrenals, and appearance of ulceration in the gastric mucosa.	Arginine	88-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
6088932-6	1984	The pure steroisomer [(R)-3-(N-hydroxy)carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl]-L-alanine designated kelatorphan, exhibits also a relatively good inhibitory potency against aminopeptidases (IC50 approximately 10 microM) and can be considered as the first virtually complete inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism.	(r)-3-(n-hydroxy)carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl]-l-alanine	22-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	277-287
6088932-6	1984	The pure steroisomer [(R)-3-(N-hydroxy)carboxamido-2-benzylpropanoyl]-L-alanine designated kelatorphan, exhibits also a relatively good inhibitory potency against aminopeptidases (IC50 approximately 10 microM) and can be considered as the first virtually complete inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism.	kelatorphan	91-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	277-287
6147175-2	1984	For comparison purposes, alternate sections of the same brains were processed for the localization of methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ELI).	Methionine	102-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6589644-1	1984	In rats the antinociceptive actions of morphine (injected intraventricularly) or of [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) (injected intrathecally) were attenuated by a pretreatment with 10 microliter of artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing 1 microM captopril/1 microM bestatin/2.5 microM Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-NH2) given 5 min earlier by the same route.	arg6-phe7	101-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
6589644-1	1984	In rats the antinociceptive actions of morphine (injected intraventricularly) or of [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) (injected intrathecally) were attenuated by a pretreatment with 10 microliter of artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing 1 microM captopril/1 microM bestatin/2.5 microM Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-NH2) given 5 min earlier by the same route.	Captopril	255-264	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
6589644-1	1984	In rats the antinociceptive actions of morphine (injected intraventricularly) or of [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) (injected intrathecally) were attenuated by a pretreatment with 10 microliter of artificial cerebral spinal fluid containing 1 microM captopril/1 microM bestatin/2.5 microM Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 (FMRF-NH2) given 5 min earlier by the same route.	ubenimex	274-282	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	lanthanum(3+)	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	nd3+	47-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6466818-2	1984	Intraperitoneal injection of a synthetic enkephalin analog D-ala2-leu5-arg6-enkephalin in a dose of 1.25 nmol/kg bw resulted in partial normalization of diuresis, reduction in antidiuretic activity of blood plasma and blood aldosterone level to the control values.	Aldosterone	224-235	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
6089917-4	1984	The experimental results suggest that morphine and D-Ala2, D-Leu5-enkephalin binding both to the high affinity and low affinity sites has different nature and point to the utility of stable and standard preparations of lyophilized membranes for the use in the receptor analysis of opiate and opioid peptides.	d-leu5	59-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
6093821-0	1984	[The effect of di- and trivalent metal ions on the binding of [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin to opiate receptors from the rat brain].	Metals	33-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
6466818-2	1984	Intraperitoneal injection of a synthetic enkephalin analog D-ala2-leu5-arg6-enkephalin in a dose of 1.25 nmol/kg bw resulted in partial normalization of diuresis, reduction in antidiuretic activity of blood plasma and blood aldosterone level to the control values.	Aldosterone	224-235	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	sm3+	53-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-0	1984	[The effect of di- and trivalent metal ions on the binding of [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin to opiate receptors from the rat brain].	3h-tyr1	63-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	eu3+	59-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	magnesium ion	23-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	Manganese(2+)	29-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	ganglioside, GD3	69-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	strontium cation	35-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	3h-tyr1	135-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-1	1984	The influence of Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Sr2+, La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, and Gd3+ ions on the binding of labeled, stable enkephalin analogue, [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, to opiate receptors of the rat brain membrane preparations has been investigated.	d-leu5	152-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	Metals	54-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	Metals	54-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	3h-tyr1	76-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	3h-tyr1	76-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	d-leu3	93-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6093821-7	1984	It is shown that the effect of both di- and trivalent metal cations on the [3H-Tyr1, D-Ala2, D-Leu3] enkephalin binding is mediated through one cation attachment site on the respective enkephalin receptor.	d-leu3	93-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
6327910-6	1984	When [3H]D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin was used as ligand, microsomes possessed 60% fewer high-affinity sites than did synaptic membranes, and a large number of low-affinity sites.	Tritium	6-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6204421-2	1984	A single injection (25 to 75 mg/kg, ip) or repeated injections (2.5 to 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days, ip) of chlordecone caused a time- and dose-related decrease in pituitary [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in adult rats.	Chlordecone	104-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
6329455-6	1984	Since functional activity and 2-DG uptake are correlated, we suggest that the subiculum and/or CA1 area, are probably the brain regions most involved in the enkephalin-induced epileptic phenomena.	Deoxyglucose	30-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
6468694-5	1984	The effects of the dophaminomimetics were suppressed by administration of haloperidol (10 micrograms) and naloxon (0.8 micrograms) into the same area of the caudate nucleus which attested a functional interrelationship between the dophamine- and enkephalin-containing systems of the neostriatum in regulation of feeding behaviour.	Haloperidol	74-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	246-256
6327967-11	1984	Compounds which showed a preference for the mu receptor [( D-Ala2, N-methyl-Phe4, Gly5 -ol]enkephalin and morphine/normorphine) were the most potent agonists at producing thermal analgesia and inhibition of small intestinal transit, whereas nonselective compounds (beta-endorphin and [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalinamide) were slightly less potent in these assays.	gly5 -ol	82-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
6328530-8	1984	Receptor density changes are paralleled by increases in methionine-enkephalin content in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and hypothalamic areas of chronic naltrexone-treated rats relative to control rats.	Methionine	56-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
6328530-8	1984	Receptor density changes are paralleled by increases in methionine-enkephalin content in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and hypothalamic areas of chronic naltrexone-treated rats relative to control rats.	Naltrexone	177-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
6468694-5	1984	The effects of the dophaminomimetics were suppressed by administration of haloperidol (10 micrograms) and naloxon (0.8 micrograms) into the same area of the caudate nucleus which attested a functional interrelationship between the dophamine- and enkephalin-containing systems of the neostriatum in regulation of feeding behaviour.	Naloxone	106-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	246-256
6421996-1	1984	Enkephalin convertase, the enkephalin-synthesizing carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine pituitary and adrenal chromaffin granule membranes.	chromaffin	159-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6422000-4	1984	However, the opioid peptide enkephalin [D-Ala2, D-Leu5], which inhibits ganglioside GalNAc transferase activity in unsynchronized NG108-15 cultures, was much more inhibitory in whole cells 8 h after release from the cell cycle block (G1 phase) than in cells 20 h after release (G2 phase), with 50% inhibition occurring at 2 X 10(-9) M and 2 X 10(-7) M, respectively.	d-leu5	48-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6328350-3	1984	Manganese chloride significantly decreased the affinity of binding of both [3H] buprenorphine and unlabelled buprenorphine to morphine and enkephalin receptors.	manganese chloride	0-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6716285-4	1984	The enkephalin analogue, (D-ala2-met5)-enkephalinamide (DALA) reversibly reduced both the GABA-i.p.s.p.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	90-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6368796-0	1984	Increase of striatal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) content elicited by long-term treatment with haloperidol.	arg6-phe7	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6368796-0	1984	Increase of striatal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) content elicited by long-term treatment with haloperidol.	Haloperidol	102-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6368796-1	1984	In rats, daily doses of haloperidol repeated for various time periods increase striatal Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (YGGFMRF) immunoreactivity in a time- and dose-dependent manner.	Haloperidol	24-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
6368796-6	1984	The similarities between the accumulation rate of immunoreactive YGGFMRF and of Met5-enkephalin induced by haloperidol suggest that haloperidol increases the biosynthesis of the specific messenger RNA for preproenkephalin, an opioid peptide precursor, which contains one copy of YGGFMRF and several copies of Met5-enkephalin.	Haloperidol	107-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6368796-6	1984	The similarities between the accumulation rate of immunoreactive YGGFMRF and of Met5-enkephalin induced by haloperidol suggest that haloperidol increases the biosynthesis of the specific messenger RNA for preproenkephalin, an opioid peptide precursor, which contains one copy of YGGFMRF and several copies of Met5-enkephalin.	Haloperidol	107-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
6368796-6	1984	The similarities between the accumulation rate of immunoreactive YGGFMRF and of Met5-enkephalin induced by haloperidol suggest that haloperidol increases the biosynthesis of the specific messenger RNA for preproenkephalin, an opioid peptide precursor, which contains one copy of YGGFMRF and several copies of Met5-enkephalin.	Haloperidol	132-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6368796-6	1984	The similarities between the accumulation rate of immunoreactive YGGFMRF and of Met5-enkephalin induced by haloperidol suggest that haloperidol increases the biosynthesis of the specific messenger RNA for preproenkephalin, an opioid peptide precursor, which contains one copy of YGGFMRF and several copies of Met5-enkephalin.	Haloperidol	132-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
6710516-1	1984	The effect of administration of lead in the maternal drinking water from conception to weaning on enkephalin levels in the developing rat striatum was studied between 10 and 100 days after birth.	Water	62-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6328350-3	1984	Manganese chloride significantly decreased the affinity of binding of both [3H] buprenorphine and unlabelled buprenorphine to morphine and enkephalin receptors.	[3h] buprenorphine	75-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6328350-3	1984	Manganese chloride significantly decreased the affinity of binding of both [3H] buprenorphine and unlabelled buprenorphine to morphine and enkephalin receptors.	Buprenorphine	80-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6328585-2	1984	Two days following unilateral removal of the cerebral cortex, the brains were fixed by aortic arch perfusion, then sectioned and processed for the immunocytochemical localization of an antiserum directed against methionine (Met5)-enkephalin.	Methionine	212-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
6328350-6	1984	Control studies indicated similar apparent affinities of buprenorphine for morphine (Ki = 0.30 nM) and enkephalin (Ki = 0.31 nM) sites, and lower affinity for benzomorphan sites (Ki = 4.16 nM).	Buprenorphine	57-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6717804-6	1984	The overlapping distribution patterns of iron and gamma-aminobutyric acid, enkephalin, and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone suggest that the distribution of iron is related to its association with the metabolism of one or more neurotransmitters or neuroactive compounds.	Iron	162-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
6441508-6	1984	Monoamine-enkephalin colocalisation has been shown in peripheral neurones and adrenal medulla.	monoamine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6697225-0	1984	Dopamine enhances Met-enkephalin efflux from rat striatal slices.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6697225-1	1984	The basal release of Met-enkephalin immunoreactive material (ME-IR) from rat striatal slices is doubled by the in vitro addition of 5 X 10(-5) M dopamine.	Dopamine	145-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6320974-2	1984	The impairment may be ascribed to the diminished enkephalin release detected in rat striatum after chronic ethanol consumption.	Ethanol	107-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6320974-4	1984	In fact, the Kd values of [3H]Met-enkephalin and [3H]DHM are enhanced when measured in striata of ethanol-dependent rats.	Tritium	27-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6320974-4	1984	In fact, the Kd values of [3H]Met-enkephalin and [3H]DHM are enhanced when measured in striata of ethanol-dependent rats.	Tritium	27-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6320974-4	1984	In fact, the Kd values of [3H]Met-enkephalin and [3H]DHM are enhanced when measured in striata of ethanol-dependent rats.	Ethanol	98-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6694120-3	1984	In this brain area the levels of [Met5]enkephalin-like immunoreactive material were, on the contrary, significantly higher in fenfluramine-tolerant animals than in controls.	Fenfluramine	126-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6335051-3	1984	The excess of serotonin in the brain created by means of 5-oxytryptophan fully prevented the acceleration of CRBA elaboration by enkephalin under the usual conditions.	Serotonin	14-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6335051-4	1984	Injection of enkephalin at the background of serotonin lowering and raising in the brain favoured CRBA preservation.	Serotonin	45-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6099768-0	1984	Influence of intracerebroventricular (ICV) GTP-electrolyte infusion on ICV (D-ALA2, D-LEU5) enkephalin (DADL)-induced cardiovascular effects in rats.	icv) gtp	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6335051-3	1984	The excess of serotonin in the brain created by means of 5-oxytryptophan fully prevented the acceleration of CRBA elaboration by enkephalin under the usual conditions.	5-oxytryptophan	57-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6335051-4	1984	Injection of enkephalin at the background of serotonin lowering and raising in the brain favoured CRBA preservation.	crba	98-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	Tritium	49-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6324150-2	1984	In the standard radioreceptor assays, DHET components displaced the CNS-receptor binding of [3H]-enkephalin (ENK) and [3H]thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).	Dihydroergotoxine	38-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	Tyrosine	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	Carbon-14	66-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	lisine	70-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	Water	80-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6335051-5	1984	Under the enkephalin influence the inclusion of [3H]tyrosine and [14C]lisine in water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of different cerebral structures lowered.	Water	98-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6324150-0	1984	Chronic dihydroergotoxine administration sets on receptors for enkephalin and thyrotropin releasing hormone in the aged-rat brain.	Dihydroergotoxine	8-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6324150-2	1984	In the standard radioreceptor assays, DHET components displaced the CNS-receptor binding of [3H]-enkephalin (ENK) and [3H]thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).	Dihydroergotoxine	38-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
6324150-2	1984	In the standard radioreceptor assays, DHET components displaced the CNS-receptor binding of [3H]-enkephalin (ENK) and [3H]thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).	Tritium	93-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
6324150-2	1984	In the standard radioreceptor assays, DHET components displaced the CNS-receptor binding of [3H]-enkephalin (ENK) and [3H]thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH).	Tritium	93-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
6324150-3	1984	The inhibitory effect of DHET on ENK binding was competitive, and an allosteric effect seems to be involved in the DHET inhibition of TRH binding to its receptor.	Dihydroergotoxine	25-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
6324150-4	1984	Intraperitoneal injections of DHET (1 mg/kg/day) to aged rats for 14 days resulted in a significant increase of ENK and TRH binding in the cerebral cortex.	Dihydroergotoxine	30-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
6324150-6	1984	The results suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of DHET is derived initially from its effects on the ENK and TRH receptors especially in the cerebral cortex, which in turn influence the function of monoaminergic neurons.	Dihydroergotoxine	53-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
6462963-0	1984	The enkephalin-hydrolytic activity of cerebral and cardiac muscle tissue in Wistar rats with streptozotocin diabetes.	Streptozocin	93-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6098037-6	1984	Chronic delta 9-THC treatment resulted in an increase in POA and MBH methioine-enkephalin and beta-end LI as well as an increase in plasma beta-end LI.	Dronabinol	8-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6462963-1	1984	Enkephalin-hydrolytic activity was evaluated in cerebral and cardiac tissue of Wistar rats with experimental streptozotocin-induced diabetes by comparison of the degree of amino acid cleavage from leu-enkephalin in vitro.	Streptozocin	109-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6098037-6	1984	Chronic delta 9-THC treatment resulted in an increase in POA and MBH methioine-enkephalin and beta-end LI as well as an increase in plasma beta-end LI.	methioine	69-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6571228-0	1983	Antagonism of enkephalin action on acetylcholine release by methylxanthines: lack of a purine link.	Acetylcholine	35-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6661240-0	1983	Leucine enkephalin antagonizes norepinephrine-induced 45Ca++ accumulation in rat atria.	Norepinephrine	31-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6661240-3	1983	The effect of leu-enkephalin is reversed in the presence of 10(-7) M naloxone, NE-stimulated 45Ca++ uptake being increased to 2.17 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg tissue.	Leucine	14-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6661240-3	1983	The effect of leu-enkephalin is reversed in the presence of 10(-7) M naloxone, NE-stimulated 45Ca++ uptake being increased to 2.17 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg tissue.	Naloxone	69-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6571228-0	1983	Antagonism of enkephalin action on acetylcholine release by methylxanthines: lack of a purine link.	methylxanthine	60-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6198033-4	1983	These ir fibers were seen in the nuclei of untreated animals closely surrounding ir methionine-enkephalin and ACTH cell bodies, suggesting the presence of synaptic junctions.	Methionine	84-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
6198033-5	1983	Electron microscopic examination of the arcuate nucleus stained with anti-SP serum showed synapses of ir SP fiber terminals on unlabeled neuronal cell bodies and fibers, some of which might be methionine-enkephalin and ACTH neurons.	TFF2 protein, human	74-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
6355286-2	1983	Met-enk and Met-enk Arg6Phe7-like immunoreactivities were found with similar distribution in nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus, and in fibers that were particularly dense in the myenteric plexus and circular smooth muscle.	arg6phe7	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
6141249-0	1983	[D-Ala2,D-Met5NH2]-enkephalin inhibits acetylcholine release from the submucosal plexus of rat colon.	Acetylcholine	39-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6139154-6	1983	The excitatory effect of phoretically administered L-glutamate as well as synaptically induced and spontaneous activity was reduced or abolished by phoretically administered GABA, glycine or the enkephalin-analogue D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.	Glutamic Acid	51-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
6139154-6	1983	The excitatory effect of phoretically administered L-glutamate as well as synaptically induced and spontaneous activity was reduced or abolished by phoretically administered GABA, glycine or the enkephalin-analogue D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	174-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
6139154-6	1983	The excitatory effect of phoretically administered L-glutamate as well as synaptically induced and spontaneous activity was reduced or abolished by phoretically administered GABA, glycine or the enkephalin-analogue D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.	Glycine	180-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
6139154-7	1983	The actions of the enkephalin analogue were blocked by phoretically applied naloxone.	Naloxone	76-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Theophylline	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Theophylline	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Theophylline	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Theophylline	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Caffeine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
6571228-1	1983	Theophylline (Theo) and caffeine antagonized the inhibitory effect of methionine (Met)-enkephalin, leucine (Leu)-enkephalin and morphine on the twitch height of the field stimulated myenteric plexus longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation of the guinea-pig ileum.	Caffeine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6571228-3	1983	Injection of Theo (20, 40 mg kg-1) or caffeine (40 mg kg-1) reversed or blocked the inhibitory effects of Leu-enkephalin (50 micrograms i.c.v.)	Theophylline	13-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6571228-3	1983	Injection of Theo (20, 40 mg kg-1) or caffeine (40 mg kg-1) reversed or blocked the inhibitory effects of Leu-enkephalin (50 micrograms i.c.v.)	Caffeine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6571228-4	1983	and a systemically active enkephalin FK 33,824 (0.5 mg kg-1) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the rat cortex in vivo.	fk 33	37-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6571228-4	1983	and a systemically active enkephalin FK 33,824 (0.5 mg kg-1) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the rat cortex in vivo.	Acetylcholine	79-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6571228-4	1983	and a systemically active enkephalin FK 33,824 (0.5 mg kg-1) on the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from the rat cortex in vivo.	Acetylcholine	94-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6321306-2	1983	BT showed high affinities to all types of the receptor except the alpha type (phencyclidine binding site), resulting in displacements of the bindings of mu (dihydromorphine)-, delta (D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin)- and kappa (ethylketocyclazocine)-ligands with more potency than morphine and ketocyclazocine, and it preferentially bound to mu- and kappa-opioid receptors.	Phencyclidine	78-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	197-207
6640352-0	1983	Effects of neonatal testosterone administration on anterior pituitary levels of Met5-enkephalin in adult rats.	Testosterone	20-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6640352-1	1983	Neonatal injection of testosterone to male rats significantly increased the anterior pituitary level of Met5-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in adulthood.	Testosterone	22-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6358277-2	1983	The higher ranges of colchicine pretreatment allowed the visualization of extensive enkephalin-containing systems in these brain regions, some of which are reported for the first time.	Colchicine	21-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
6355286-4	1983	In rat and mouse, the antiserum to Met-enk Arg6Phe7, but not those to Met-enk or Met-enk Arg6, also stained numerous endocrine-like cells of the antral mucosa.	arg6phe7	43-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
6324140-1	1983	Opiate binding sites in five brain regions were labeled with the mu and delta markers, 3H-morphine and 3H-[D-Ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin, respectively.	Opiate Alkaloids	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
6311513-0	1983	The enkephalin system in the rat anterior pituitary: regulation by gonadal steroid hormones and psychotropic drugs.	Steroids	75-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6138350-1	1983	The high affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of proline by rat brain synaptosomes was inhibited by the opioid pentapeptides, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin.	Sodium	19-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
6138350-1	1983	The high affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of proline by rat brain synaptosomes was inhibited by the opioid pentapeptides, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin.	Sodium	19-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
6138350-1	1983	The high affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of proline by rat brain synaptosomes was inhibited by the opioid pentapeptides, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin.	Proline	46-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
6138350-1	1983	The high affinity, sodium-dependent uptake of proline by rat brain synaptosomes was inhibited by the opioid pentapeptides, Leu-enkephalin and Met-enkephalin.	Proline	46-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
6138350-4	1983	The extent of proline uptake was half-maximal at a Leu-enkephalin concentration of 1 microM.	Proline	14-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
6138350-10	1983	A modified enkephalin ([D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr) with selective affinity for the delta subclass of enkephalin receptor was effective in inhibiting proline uptake.	Proline	149-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6138350-10	1983	A modified enkephalin ([D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr) with selective affinity for the delta subclass of enkephalin receptor was effective in inhibiting proline uptake.	Proline	149-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
6138350-10	1983	A modified enkephalin ([D-Ser2]Leu-enkephalin-Thr) with selective affinity for the delta subclass of enkephalin receptor was effective in inhibiting proline uptake.	Proline	149-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
6138350-11	1983	On the basis of the selectivity of these effects, we propose that there is a specific population of nerve endings in the cerebral cortex that contains both a proline-transport system and binding sites for Leu- and Met-enkephalin and furthermore, that these binding sites may be related to the putative delta receptor.	Proline	158-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
6414551-2	1983	Naloxone, bradykinin and thyroliberin were found to eliminate respiratory depression induced by morphine and an enkephalin analog.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	Disulfides	41-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	Disulfides	41-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	Disulfides	41-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	Disulfides	41-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	Disulfides	41-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	164-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	164-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	164-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	164-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-1	1983	The conformationally restricted, cyclic, disulfide-containing, enkephalin analogs [2-D-penicillamine, 5-L-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin) and [2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin [(D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin) were synthesized by solid-phase methods.	2-d-penicillamine	164-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6310598-3	1983	Based on these comparisons [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin exhibited delta receptor selectivities of 1,088 and 3,164, respectively, in the bioassays, and 371 and 175, respectively, in the binding assays.	[d-pen2,d-pen5	48-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6320316-2	1983	Both morphine and beta-endorphin caused a dose-dependent increase in rectal temperature of up to 2 degrees C. By using selective ligands of the subclasses of opiate receptor such as [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin for delta-receptors and ethylketocyclazocine, dynorphin(1-17) and dynorphin(1-8) for kappa-receptors, it was possible to show that neither the delta- nor the kappa-opiate receptor was involved in the hyperthermic response.	Morphine	5-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	197-207
6320316-3	1983	However, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-receptor ligand, did produce a dose-dependent hyperthermia.	mephe4	17-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6195528-7	1983	We demonstrate that the increase in intracellular cyclic AMP induced by noradrenaline is markedly enhanced by somatostatin and substance P and is inhibited by enkephalin, even though these peptides on their own have little or no effect on the basal levels of cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	50-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6195528-7	1983	We demonstrate that the increase in intracellular cyclic AMP induced by noradrenaline is markedly enhanced by somatostatin and substance P and is inhibited by enkephalin, even though these peptides on their own have little or no effect on the basal levels of cyclic AMP.	Norepinephrine	72-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6195528-7	1983	We demonstrate that the increase in intracellular cyclic AMP induced by noradrenaline is markedly enhanced by somatostatin and substance P and is inhibited by enkephalin, even though these peptides on their own have little or no effect on the basal levels of cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	259-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6360061-0	1983	Plasma catecholamine and cardiovascular responses to morphine and D-ala2-d-leu5-enkephalin in conscious rats.	Catecholamines	7-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
6633967-5	1983	The immunoreactive fractions were also active in inhibiting the binding of [3H]enkephalin to rat brain membranes.	Tritium	76-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6311513-7	1983	These results indicate that the enkephalin system in rat anterior pituitary is regulated by circulating gonadal steroid hormones.	Steroids	112-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6311513-10	1983	These results suggest that the regulation of the enkephalin system in the anterior lobe may be mediated, at least in part, by the dopamine system, whereas the enkephalin system in the neurointermediate lobe may be regulated mainly through a mechanism similar to that regulating antidiuretic hormone release.	Dopamine	130-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6311737-2	1983	The mu receptor agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAGO) at a dose of 0.6 or 6.0 nanomoles (Nmol) increased the blood pressure and heart rate in WKY rats.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	58-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6307671-2	1983	The mu-agonist (D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5-ol)enkephalin (1 nmol) caused a prolonged increase in blood pressure and an initial decrease followed by a delayed increase in heart rate.	mephe4	23-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6307671-2	1983	The mu-agonist (D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5-ol)enkephalin (1 nmol) caused a prolonged increase in blood pressure and an initial decrease followed by a delayed increase in heart rate.	gly5-ol	30-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6136427-0	1983	Modulatory interactions between enkephalin and catecholamines: anatomical and physiological substrates.	Catecholamines	47-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6136427-1	1983	The anatomical and electrophysiological basis of enkephalin-catecholamine interactions was studied in the central nervous system of the Sprague-Dawley rat.	Catecholamines	60-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6136427-5	1983	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamine receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol, and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions of neuronal activity.	Spiperone	98-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6136427-5	1983	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamine receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol, and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions of neuronal activity.	Flupenthixol	112-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6136427-5	1983	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamine receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol, and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions of neuronal activity.	Butaclamol	136-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6136427-7	1983	Unilateral lesions of the catecholaminergic projections to frontal cortex produced by interstitial injection of 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in an ipsilateral decrease in enkephalin efficacy and in an elimination of the antagonisms of enkephalin depressions by antipsychotic agents.	Oxidopamine	112-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
6311973-4	1983	The observation that morphine masks enkephalin receptors is confirmed using 3H-methionine enkephalin to label the enkephalin receptor.	Morphine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
6311973-4	1983	The observation that morphine masks enkephalin receptors is confirmed using 3H-methionine enkephalin to label the enkephalin receptor.	Morphine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
6311973-4	1983	The observation that morphine masks enkephalin receptors is confirmed using 3H-methionine enkephalin to label the enkephalin receptor.	Morphine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
6633945-0	1983	Phencyclidine decreases methionine-enkephalin content in rat striatum.	Phencyclidine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
6633945-1	1983	The acute administration of phencyclidine induced a decrease in methionine-enkephalin levels in rat striatum, as measured by specific radioimmunoassay.	Phencyclidine	28-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
6633945-1	1983	The acute administration of phencyclidine induced a decrease in methionine-enkephalin levels in rat striatum, as measured by specific radioimmunoassay.	Methionine	64-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
6352283-4	1983	The inhibition of enkephalinase, using phosphoryl-Leu-Phe as a selective inhibitor, resulted in a 4 fold increase in the amount of enkephalin recovered following K+ depolarization of rat striatal slices.	phosphorylleucylphenylalanine	39-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6350782-2	1983	The binding of 3H-DADL-enkephalin, 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone to the brain membranes from rats treated with ethanol was increased.	Ethanol	116-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6350782-3	1983	However, addition of ethanol directly in the incubation medium decreased the binding of 3H-DADL enkephalin and increased the binding of 3H-dihydromorphine to brain membranes from both control and ethanol treated rats.	Ethanol	21-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	3H-dopamine	28-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	3H-dopamine	28-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	3H-dopamine	28-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	3H-dopamine	28-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dopamine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dopamine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dopamine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Dopamine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Morphine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6353264-0	1983	Correlation between the distribution of 3H-labelled enkephalin in rat brain and the anatomical regions involved in enkephalin-induced seizures.	Tritium	40-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Morphine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Morphine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-2	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]dopamine and endogenous dopamine was reduced by the presence of (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Met5)enkephalin (1-10 microM) or morphine (10 microM) but not by (Leu5)enkephalin or (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin.	Morphine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	[3h]5-hydroxytryptamine	28-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	[3h]5-hydroxytryptamine	28-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	[3h]5-hydroxytryptamine	28-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	[3h]5-hydroxytryptamine	28-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6628536-3	1983	The DMPP-induced release of [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine was reduced by (Leu5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin, (Met5)enkephalin, (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)enkephalin (1-10 microM), and morphine (10 microM).	Morphine	175-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
6657509-5	1983	In contrast, micropressure ejection of DADL enkephalin onto ZR neurons produced a decrease in firing rate which was blocked by systemically administered naloxone.	Zirconium	60-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6657509-5	1983	In contrast, micropressure ejection of DADL enkephalin onto ZR neurons produced a decrease in firing rate which was blocked by systemically administered naloxone.	Naloxone	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6349637-3	1983	In contrast to the synaptosomal peptidases which are capable of cleaving all peptide bonds of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 the peptidase activity associated with the synaptic plasma membrane exclusively hydrolyses a dipeptide from the carboxyl terminus of all hepta- and hexapeptides tested.	Dipeptides	212-221	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6353264-2	1983	administered delta agonist [3H](D-ala2,D-leu5)-enkephalin ([3H]DADL) and the anatomical regions involved in enkephalin-induced seizures has been studied in rat by using an autoradiographic method and recording of the electromyogram (EMG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG).	Tritium	28-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
6353264-2	1983	administered delta agonist [3H](D-ala2,D-leu5)-enkephalin ([3H]DADL) and the anatomical regions involved in enkephalin-induced seizures has been studied in rat by using an autoradiographic method and recording of the electromyogram (EMG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG).	Tritium	60-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
6312371-5	1983	Colchicine was needed for the demonstration of cell bodies with the Met-enkephalin antiserum, but not for the heptapeptide antiserum.	Colchicine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6304443-1	1983	The chloromethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (DALECK) was synthesized and its potency was tested in competing for 3H-naloxone binding sites and inducing analgesia.	1,3-Dichloroacetone	4-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6312350-5	1983	Since the binding site labeled by [3H]naloxone in the presence of sodium may be an alternate conformation of the morphine receptor, these data provide further evidence that morphine and enkephalin receptors are allosterically coupled.	Naloxone	34-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
6312350-5	1983	Since the binding site labeled by [3H]naloxone in the presence of sodium may be an alternate conformation of the morphine receptor, these data provide further evidence that morphine and enkephalin receptors are allosterically coupled.	Sodium	66-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
6312371-0	1983	Distribution of enkephalin-related peptides in rat brain: immunohistochemical studies using antisera to met-enkephalin and met-enkephalin Arg6Phe7.	arg6phe7	138-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6312371-1	1983	The enkephalin-related heptapeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, forms the C-terminus of a biosynthetic precursor that contains both Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin sequences.	Leucine	153-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6683987-1	1983	The effect of the enkephalin pentapeptide analog (WY 42,896) on amphetamine-induced stereotypy was studied in male, albino rats.	Amphetamine	64-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6683987-7	1983	These data show an enkephalinergic-dopaminergic interaction in rat striatum, both behaviorally and biochemically, and suggest a presynaptic site of action of the enkephalin on dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6688178-0	1983	Regulation of methionine-enkephalin precursor messenger RNA in rat striatum by haloperidol and lithium.	Haloperidol	79-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6688178-0	1983	Regulation of methionine-enkephalin precursor messenger RNA in rat striatum by haloperidol and lithium.	Lithium	95-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6688178-1	1983	Daily injections of rats with haloperidol for 21 days or lithium chloride for 5 days elevated the content of Met-enkephalin in the striatum by 86% or 66%, respectively.	Haloperidol	30-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6688178-1	1983	Daily injections of rats with haloperidol for 21 days or lithium chloride for 5 days elevated the content of Met-enkephalin in the striatum by 86% or 66%, respectively.	Lithium Chloride	57-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
6688178-2	1983	Poly(A)+ RNA from striata of drug-treated and control rats was translated in vitro, and the amount of synthesized enkephalin precursor [35S]preproenkephalin A was determined by immunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Sulfur-35	136-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6688178-4	1983	These results suggest that haloperidol elevates the Met-enkephalin content primarily by increasing the precursor mRNA content or activity, while lithium exerts its effect only in part by this mechanism.	Haloperidol	27-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
6304443-1	1983	The chloromethyl ketone derivative of D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalin (DALECK) was synthesized and its potency was tested in competing for 3H-naloxone binding sites and inducing analgesia.	3h-naloxone	130-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6679785-1	1983	Potassium-stimulated uptake of Ca2+ by nerve-ending fractions from rat brain (synaptosomes) is inhibited by morphine and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin.	Potassium	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
6682924-7	1983	Furthermore, a single (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) injection of the enkephalin analog FK 33-824 (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met-(0)5-o1) produced a dramatic recovery of performance.	mephe4	94-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
6682924-7	1983	Furthermore, a single (0.3 mg/kg, s.c.) injection of the enkephalin analog FK 33-824 (D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met-(0)5-o1) produced a dramatic recovery of performance.	met-(0)5-o1	102-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
6864538-6	1983	Subcutaneously infused morphine animals are cross-tolerant to FK33,824 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Met(O)-ol), a potent enkephalin analog, and vice versa, but are not tolerant to serotonin or phenyldiguanide.	Morphine	23-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6864538-6	1983	Subcutaneously infused morphine animals are cross-tolerant to FK33,824 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Met(O)-ol), a potent enkephalin analog, and vice versa, but are not tolerant to serotonin or phenyldiguanide.	fk33	62-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6864538-6	1983	Subcutaneously infused morphine animals are cross-tolerant to FK33,824 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-NMePhe-Met(O)-ol), a potent enkephalin analog, and vice versa, but are not tolerant to serotonin or phenyldiguanide.	tyr-d-ala-gly-nmephe-met(o)-ol	72-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6304248-8	1983	The cross-competition IC50 data supported this conclusion, showing a loss in the potency of morphine in displacing [3H]DADL enkephalin in the thalamus of MSG-treated rats.	Morphine	92-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6304248-8	1983	The cross-competition IC50 data supported this conclusion, showing a loss in the potency of morphine in displacing [3H]DADL enkephalin in the thalamus of MSG-treated rats.	Tritium	116-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6190182-0	1983	Increase of proenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin content of rat striatum after daily injection of haloperidol for 2 to 3 weeks.	Haloperidol	95-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-25
6190182-0	1983	Increase of proenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin content of rat striatum after daily injection of haloperidol for 2 to 3 weeks.	Haloperidol	95-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
6190182-5	1983	Rats receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (1 or 2 mg/kg) show a fourfold increase of proenkephalin mRNA content in striatum but not other brain regions.	Haloperidol	50-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-118
6306069-4	1983	By contrast, opiate receptors labeled with [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin in a delta ligand selectivity pattern are much more homogeneously distributed across both regions and laminae within regions.	Tritium	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	[d-pen2	24-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6306069-13	1983	Although regional variations in [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin-labeled receptor density are uncommon, a gradual decrease in the number of sites along the dorsomedial wall of the cortex from anterior cingulate to caudal retrosplenial limbic cortex can be observed.	Tritium	33-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	l-cys5	32-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	Disulfides	155-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6683193-0	1983	Physical dependence-producing properties of tetrapeptide acylhydrazide analogs of enkephalin in rats.	acylhydrazide	57-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	Disulfides	155-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	Penicillamine	258-271	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6304440-1	1983	The enkephalin analogs, [D-Pen2,L-Cys5]- and [D-Pen2,D-Cys5]-enkephalin are cyclic compounds, conformationally constrained by virtue of their 14-membered, disulfide containing rings and by the rigidizing effect of the beta, beta dimethyl substituents of the penicillamine side chain.	Penicillamine	258-271	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
6871550-3	1983	Whereas responses to Met-enkephalin were readily antagonized by naloxone, responses to kyotorphin and D-phenylalanine were not.	Naloxone	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6873178-0	1983	Brain content of immunoreactive [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin after pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions.	Pentylenetetrazole	76-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6873178-3	1983	In both instances we found a significant increase of IR [Leu5]enkephalin and IR [Met5]enkephalin in septum, striatum and amygdala 24 h after PTZ administration.	Pentylenetetrazole	141-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
6873178-3	1983	In both instances we found a significant increase of IR [Leu5]enkephalin and IR [Met5]enkephalin in septum, striatum and amygdala 24 h after PTZ administration.	Pentylenetetrazole	141-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
6346134-1	1983	The distribution of the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, cholecystokinin octapeptide, substance P, neurotensin, methionine-enkephalin and somatostatin has been mapped immunocytochemically in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, one of the major sites of termination for efferent projections from the amygdala.	Methionine	128-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6834054-5	1983	The met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 in striatum can be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner by a depolarizing concentration of KCl, raising the possibility of a neuroregulatory role for met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7.	Potassium Chloride	120-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
6834054-5	1983	The met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7 in striatum can be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner by a depolarizing concentration of KCl, raising the possibility of a neuroregulatory role for met5-enkephalin-arg6-phe7.	Potassium Chloride	120-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
6850307-1	1983	This study reports a novel action of Met5-enkephalin in the rat substantia nigra, i.e. potent contraversive rotation that is dose-dependent, site-specific, mimicked by morphine and blocked by naloxone.	Morphine	168-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
6850307-1	1983	This study reports a novel action of Met5-enkephalin in the rat substantia nigra, i.e. potent contraversive rotation that is dose-dependent, site-specific, mimicked by morphine and blocked by naloxone.	Naloxone	192-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
6304563-9	1983	Comparison of [3H]fentanyl, [3H]naloxone and [3H-D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding in the hypothalamus-thalamus (mu-enriched) compared with the frontal cortex-striatum (delta-enriched) indicated that the pattern of [3H]fentanyl labelling was similar to that obtained with [3H]naloxone, but differed from that obtained with [3H-D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin.	d-leu5	56-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6346134-4	1983	The lateral bed nucleus also contained cholecystokinin-octapeptide, substance P, neurotensin and methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity which probably derived from the central amygdaloid nucleus, whilst cholecystokinin-octapeptide, and especially substance P-containing fibres, were found in the medial bed nucleus and probably arise from cells in the medial amygdala.	Methionine	97-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
6306698-1	1983	Rats exposed to combined cold and restraint exhibited a reduced intensity of gastric damage when pre-treated intraperitoneally with morphine HCl or with the synthetic enkephalin analog [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)5ol]enkephalin (FK 33-824).	Morphine hydrochloride	132-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
6838839-6	1983	It releases tyrosine from Met-enkephalin, but it does not split the byproduct.	Tyrosine	12-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6301470-4	1983	Deltakephalin occurs as the most specific ligand for delta-binding sites as shown by the following discrimination ratios KI(mu)/KI(delta): 0.31 for D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin; 0.15 for D-Ser2-Thr6-Leu-enkephalin and 0.05 for deltakephalin.	deltakephalin	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
6301470-4	1983	Deltakephalin occurs as the most specific ligand for delta-binding sites as shown by the following discrimination ratios KI(mu)/KI(delta): 0.31 for D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin; 0.15 for D-Ser2-Thr6-Leu-enkephalin and 0.05 for deltakephalin.	deltakephalin	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
6572590-1	1983	In the presence of thiorphan an "enkephalinase" inhibitor, bestatin an aminopeptidase inhibitor of bacterial origin potently inhibited the hydrolysis of [3H][Leu5]enkephalin by slices from rat striatum with an IC50 value of about 0.2 microM whereas puromycin was approximately 1000 times less potent on this preparation.	Thiorphan	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6131372-0	1983	Methionine oxidation enhances opioid activity of an enkephalin analog.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6304550-6	1983	We conclude that the biphasic off-kinetics of [3H]leucine enkephalin is not evidence for a two-site binding model.	Tritium	47-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6302675-0	1983	Unmasking of magnesium-dependent high-affinity binding sites for [dAla2, dLeu5]enkephalin after pretreatment of brain membranes with guanine nucleotides.	Magnesium	13-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6302675-0	1983	Unmasking of magnesium-dependent high-affinity binding sites for [dAla2, dLeu5]enkephalin after pretreatment of brain membranes with guanine nucleotides.	Guanine Nucleotides	133-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6302675-1	1983	The regulation of mu- and delta-opiate receptors by guanine nucleotides and cations was studied by examining the binding of [3H][DAla2, DLeu5]enkephalin to rat brain membranes.	Tritium	125-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
6299758-2	1983	The greatest effect was obtained with the combination of bestatin (10 microM or 30 microM), captopril (10 microM), thiorphan (0.3 microM) and L-Leucyl-L-leucine (2 mM) which increased the potency of [Met5]enkephalin 18-fold in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus, 13-fold in the mouse vas deferens and 200-fold in the rat vas deferens.	ubenimex	57-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
6299758-2	1983	The greatest effect was obtained with the combination of bestatin (10 microM or 30 microM), captopril (10 microM), thiorphan (0.3 microM) and L-Leucyl-L-leucine (2 mM) which increased the potency of [Met5]enkephalin 18-fold in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus, 13-fold in the mouse vas deferens and 200-fold in the rat vas deferens.	Captopril	92-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
6299758-2	1983	The greatest effect was obtained with the combination of bestatin (10 microM or 30 microM), captopril (10 microM), thiorphan (0.3 microM) and L-Leucyl-L-leucine (2 mM) which increased the potency of [Met5]enkephalin 18-fold in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus, 13-fold in the mouse vas deferens and 200-fold in the rat vas deferens.	Thiorphan	115-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
6299758-2	1983	The greatest effect was obtained with the combination of bestatin (10 microM or 30 microM), captopril (10 microM), thiorphan (0.3 microM) and L-Leucyl-L-leucine (2 mM) which increased the potency of [Met5]enkephalin 18-fold in the guinea-pig myenteric plexus, 13-fold in the mouse vas deferens and 200-fold in the rat vas deferens.	leucylleucine	142-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
6132825-9	1983	Moreover, the binding affinity of sufentanil for delta-type binding sites labelled by [3H] [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin was found to be 100 times lower than its binding affinity for the mu-receptor sites.	Sufentanil	34-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6132825-9	1983	Moreover, the binding affinity of sufentanil for delta-type binding sites labelled by [3H] [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin was found to be 100 times lower than its binding affinity for the mu-receptor sites.	Tritium	87-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6831119-7	1983	The ability of (-)-Nal to reverse inhibitory action of morphine or the enkephalin (FK 33,824) was not affected by hypophysectomy.	Naloxone	15-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
6572590-1	1983	In the presence of thiorphan an "enkephalinase" inhibitor, bestatin an aminopeptidase inhibitor of bacterial origin potently inhibited the hydrolysis of [3H][Leu5]enkephalin by slices from rat striatum with an IC50 value of about 0.2 microM whereas puromycin was approximately 1000 times less potent on this preparation.	Tritium	154-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6572590-2	1983	In vivo bestatin or thiorphan (but not puromycin) significantly protected [3H][Met5]enkephalin administered intracerebroventricularly to mice from hydrolysis and co-administration of these two peptidase inhibitors resulted in a strong reduction in the appearance of hydrolysis products in brain.	Thiorphan	20-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
6572590-2	1983	In vivo bestatin or thiorphan (but not puromycin) significantly protected [3H][Met5]enkephalin administered intracerebroventricularly to mice from hydrolysis and co-administration of these two peptidase inhibitors resulted in a strong reduction in the appearance of hydrolysis products in brain.	Tritium	75-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
6572590-3	1983	In a parallel fashion the antinociceptive activity of [Met5]enkephalin in the mouse hot-plate test was additively potentiated by bestatin and thiorphan but not by puromycin.	ubenimex	129-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6572590-3	1983	In a parallel fashion the antinociceptive activity of [Met5]enkephalin in the mouse hot-plate test was additively potentiated by bestatin and thiorphan but not by puromycin.	Thiorphan	142-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6871966-0	1983	Appearance of enkephalin-immunoreactivity in rat adrenal medulla following treatment with nicotinic antagonists or reserpine.	Reserpine	115-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6424884-0	1983	[Inhibition of the evoked liberation of (Met5)enkephalin from slices of globus pallidus in the presence of thiorphan and bestatin].	Thiorphan	107-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6424884-0	1983	[Inhibition of the evoked liberation of (Met5)enkephalin from slices of globus pallidus in the presence of thiorphan and bestatin].	ubenimex	121-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6424884-3	1983	The latter effect being reversed in the presence of an opioid antagonist, naloxone, in moderate concentration, the existence of an auto-inhibition process regulating enkephalin release is suggested.	Naloxone	74-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
6871966-4	1983	These observations suggest that splanchnic nerve activity normally depresses the levels of enkephalin-like peptides in chromaffin cells through a trans-synaptic mechanism involving acetylcholine release and nicotinic receptor stimulation.	chromaffin	119-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
6871966-4	1983	These observations suggest that splanchnic nerve activity normally depresses the levels of enkephalin-like peptides in chromaffin cells through a trans-synaptic mechanism involving acetylcholine release and nicotinic receptor stimulation.	Acetylcholine	181-194	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
6141489-10	1983	An enkephalin sequence at the amino-terminus of large opioid peptides seems to be required to retain high affinity for delta- and benzomorphan binding sites.	Benzomorphans	130-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	3-13
6319864-1	1983	Pretreatment of rat brain membranes at pH 4.5 increased GTP and Gpp(NH)p regulation of [3H]-D-ala2-met5-enkephalinamide (D-ala-enk) binding with no change in absolute binding itself.	Tritium	88-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
6319901-3	1983	For [D-Pen2, L-Pen5]- and [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin the observed IC50(GPI)/IC50 (MVD) ratios (1088 and 3164) and IC50NAL/IC50DADLE ratios (371 and 175) represent a vast improvement over previously reported delta receptor selective ligands.	[d-pen2, l-pen5	4-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
6319867-3	1983	Ligand selectivity shows that [3H]DAGO and [3H]DTLET are more selective ligands for their respective receptors than [3H]dihydromorphine (DHM) and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE).	[3h]dago	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
6319867-3	1983	Ligand selectivity shows that [3H]DAGO and [3H]DTLET are more selective ligands for their respective receptors than [3H]dihydromorphine (DHM) and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE).	[3h]dtlet	43-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
6319870-3	1983	Enkephalinase</protein-id> (PDP-2) cleaves 80 nM [3H-Tyr1, Leu5]-enkephalin, but not Hip-His-Leu; it is not inhibited by any of the standard competitive inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (all analogs of carboxyl-terminal peptide sequences Phe-Ala-Pro or Ala-Pro), but is strongly inhibited by captopril analogs such as thiorphan (Phe-Gly analog).	3h-tyr1	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
6319889-3	1983	D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) induced down-regulation of opiate receptors in aggregates prepared from the forebrain but had no effect on hindbrain aggregates, whereas the potent alkaloid etorphine induced down-regulation of the receptors in both tissues.	Etorphine	190-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
6319901-0	1983	Cyclic penicillamine containing enkephalin analogs display profound delta receptor selectivities.	cyclic penicillamine	0-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6686641-1	1983	The effect of the metabolically stable enkephalin pentapeptide analog, D-Ala2-D-Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate (DAP) (WY 42, 186) was studied on amphetamine-induced hyperactive behavior and on dopamine release from tuberculum olfactorium in male, Sprague-Dawley rats.	d-ala2-d-pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate	71-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6363850-1	1983	It is generally assumed that enkephalinase A, a highly thiorphan-sensitive dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase cleaving the Gly-Phe bond during enkephalin degradation, is bound to the neuronal membrane.	Glycine	115-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6686641-1	1983	The effect of the metabolically stable enkephalin pentapeptide analog, D-Ala2-D-Pro5-enkephalinamide monoacetate (DAP) (WY 42, 186) was studied on amphetamine-induced hyperactive behavior and on dopamine release from tuberculum olfactorium in male, Sprague-Dawley rats.	Amphetamine	147-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6200737-0	1983	Enkephalin-like immunofluorescence in nerves of the rat iris following systemic capsaicin injection.	Capsaicin	80-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6200737-3	1983	The enkephalin-immunoreactive network seemed intact also after a capsaicin dose of 250 mg/kg.	Capsaicin	65-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6200737-4	1983	In fact, the fluorescence intensity of the nerve fibers showing enkephalin-immunoreactivity was often increased three days after a capsaicin injection in a dose of 50 mg/kg.	Capsaicin	131-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
6200737-5	1983	The mechanism behind this effect of capsaicin remains to be elucidated, but could be due either to a direct effect on the enkephalin-positive nerves or involve the disappearance of substance P nerves and/or a simultaneous inflammatory response.	Capsaicin	36-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
6363850-1	1983	It is generally assumed that enkephalinase A, a highly thiorphan-sensitive dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase cleaving the Gly-Phe bond during enkephalin degradation, is bound to the neuronal membrane.	Phenylalanine	119-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6200737-6	1983	However, an increased fluorescence intensity of the enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers was sometimes seen also without capsaicin treatment.	Capsaicin	117-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6363855-2	1983	In the present study, the effects of unilateral injections of D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) into the ACB were evaluated.	acb	104-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
6363855-15	1983	It seemed of interest to study the effect of D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL), when injected into the ACB, on locomotor activity.	acb	102-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6312620-0	1983	Effect of an acute dose of delta 9-THC on hypothalamic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone and met-enkephalin content and serum levels of testosterone and corticosterone in rats.	Dronabinol	27-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6141552-0	1983	The effect of a single temazepam administration on enkephalin content in the striatum and hypothalamus of the rat.	Temazepam	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6141552-1	1983	Temazepam, a benzodiazepine ataractic, given in a dose of 10 mg/kg ip to rats depressed the striatal contents of met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin by 60 and 35% resp.	Temazepam	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6141552-1	1983	Temazepam, a benzodiazepine ataractic, given in a dose of 10 mg/kg ip to rats depressed the striatal contents of met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin by 60 and 35% resp.	Temazepam	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
6141552-1	1983	Temazepam, a benzodiazepine ataractic, given in a dose of 10 mg/kg ip to rats depressed the striatal contents of met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin by 60 and 35% resp.	Benzodiazepines	13-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6141552-3	1983	In the hypothalamus temazepam produced a short-lasting elevation of met-enkephalin content (225% of the control value).	Temazepam	20-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6188075-7	1983	Kainate-depleted methionine-enkephalin but did not alter any other neuropeptides studied or serotonin.	Kainic Acid	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6132379-4	1983	Intrahippocampal colchicine injections, which selectively destroy dentate granule cells, significantly decrease the dynorphin-ir and enkephalin-ir levels in rat hippocampus.	Colchicine	17-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
6312620-2	1983	In delta 9-THC treated ovariectomized rats, the mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) LHRH and methionine-enkephalin (met-enk) contents were high compared to either vehicle or naloxone groups.	Dronabinol	3-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6312620-2	1983	In delta 9-THC treated ovariectomized rats, the mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) LHRH and methionine-enkephalin (met-enk) contents were high compared to either vehicle or naloxone groups.	Dronabinol	3-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
7161327-1	1982	A specific method is presented for the assay of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its metabolites by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate.	Methanol	204-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
7161327-1	1982	A specific method is presented for the assay of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its metabolites by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate.	Water	213-218	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
7161327-1	1982	A specific method is presented for the assay of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and its metabolites by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on a muBondapak C18 column with a mobile phase of methanol-water and 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium phosphate.	Tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate	231-259	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
7161327-5	1982	This method allows the study of the effect of Phe-Ala on the cerebral metabolism of Leu-Enk.	phenylalanylalanine	46-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
7161327-5	1982	This method allows the study of the effect of Phe-Ala on the cerebral metabolism of Leu-Enk.	Leucine	84-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
7161327-6	1982	For this purpose, membrane preparations from rat striatum were incubated in the presence of [3H]Leu-Enk with different concentrations of Phe-Ala from 10(-7) to 10(-3) M during 1 h at 37 degrees C. Collected eluates were counted by liquid scintillation.	Leucine	96-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
7161327-8	1982	Maximum inhibition of [3H]Leu-Enk degradation is obtained at a concentration of 10(-3) M Phe-Ala.	Tritium	23-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
7161327-8	1982	Maximum inhibition of [3H]Leu-Enk degradation is obtained at a concentration of 10(-3) M Phe-Ala.	phenylalanylalanine	89-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
6890397-5	1982	This effect is seen following a high dose (50 mg/kg) of morphine or a low dose (6 mg/kg) of enkephalin analogue (LY146104), and is reversed by naloxone.	ly146104	113-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6132379-5	1983	Intraventricularly administered kainic acid, which selectively destroys CA3-4 pyramidal cells, results in an increase of enkephalin immunostaining in mossy fibers and a significant increase in enkephalin-ir by radioimmunoassay in whole hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	32-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
6132379-5	1983	Intraventricularly administered kainic acid, which selectively destroys CA3-4 pyramidal cells, results in an increase of enkephalin immunostaining in mossy fibers and a significant increase in enkephalin-ir by radioimmunoassay in whole hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	32-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
7150767-0	1982	[Effect of prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides and ions on the analgesic effect of enkephalin analogs].	Prostaglandins	11-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
7150767-0	1982	[Effect of prostaglandins, cyclic nucleotides and ions on the analgesic effect of enkephalin analogs].	Nucleotides, Cyclic	27-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
7150767-3	1982	PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.	Alprostadil	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7150767-3	1982	PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.	Dinoprostone	6-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7150767-3	1982	PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.	Dinoprostone	12-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7150767-3	1982	PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.	Cyclic AMP	24-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7150767-3	1982	PGE1, PGE2, PGE2 alpha, cAMP, and dibutyryl cAMP were shown to diminish the effect of the above-mentioned enkephalin analogs.	Bucladesine	34-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6292396-5	1982	Although Met5-enkephalin content in striatum was increased transiently by d-fenfluramine, this was not a serotonin-mediated effect because it was not abolished by metergoline.	Dexfenfluramine	74-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6891334-0	1982	Analgesic and other pharmacological activities of an enkephalin analogue, syndyphalin (SD)-25.	syndyphalin (sd)-25	74-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
6890397-5	1982	This effect is seen following a high dose (50 mg/kg) of morphine or a low dose (6 mg/kg) of enkephalin analogue (LY146104), and is reversed by naloxone.	Naloxone	143-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7162336-4	1982	Ovariectomy produced a significant increase in the enkephalin levels of the same region but this increase was completely prevented by replacement with estradiol.	Estradiol	151-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6761529-0	1982	Repeated electroconvulsive shock or chronic morphine treatment increases the number of 3H-D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin binding sites in rat brain membranes.	Morphine	44-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
7162336-6	1982	Repeated injections of haloperidol elicited effects similar to those of estrogen on the pituitary and brain enkephalin levels; namely, striatal enkephalin levels were increased whereas pituitary enkephalin levels were decreased after long-term treatment with these two compounds.	Haloperidol	23-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
6761529-0	1982	Repeated electroconvulsive shock or chronic morphine treatment increases the number of 3H-D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin binding sites in rat brain membranes.	3h-d-ala2	87-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
7162336-6	1982	Repeated injections of haloperidol elicited effects similar to those of estrogen on the pituitary and brain enkephalin levels; namely, striatal enkephalin levels were increased whereas pituitary enkephalin levels were decreased after long-term treatment with these two compounds.	Haloperidol	23-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
6291693-3	1982	For the delta-site, [(3)H]-[D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin was used in the presence of unlabelled [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin in order to suppress cross-reactivity to the mu-binding site.	Tritium	20-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
7171387-7	1982	This finding suggests that the impairing actions of the two enkephalins are not produced in the same way, but it is consistent with the interpretation that the adrenal medulla may play a role in mediating the actions of Met- and Leu-enkephalin on active avoidance conditioning.	Leucine	229-232	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6291693-3	1982	For the delta-site, [(3)H]-[D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin was used in the presence of unlabelled [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin in order to suppress cross-reactivity to the mu-binding site.	D-LEUCINE	37-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6291693-3	1982	For the delta-site, [(3)H]-[D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin was used in the presence of unlabelled [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin in order to suppress cross-reactivity to the mu-binding site.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	106-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6291693-3	1982	For the delta-site, [(3)H]-[D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin was used in the presence of unlabelled [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin in order to suppress cross-reactivity to the mu-binding site.	gly-ol	115-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6296569-1	1982	The 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl(NAP)-D-Ala2-Leu5-Enkephalin derivatives: Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-NAP (E-NAP-EDA) and Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-COCH2CH2NHNAP(E-NAP- -Ala-EDA) were synthesized by conventional peptide methods.	2-nitro-4-azidophenyl	4-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6131355-4	1982	At this site, the mu agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol-Enkephalin (DAGO) produced hypotension, tachycardia and bradypnea, DAGO and DADL but not Morphine or Dynorphin also caused bradypnea in this region.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	63-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6131355-4	1982	At this site, the mu agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol-Enkephalin (DAGO) produced hypotension, tachycardia and bradypnea, DAGO and DADL but not Morphine or Dynorphin also caused bradypnea in this region.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	118-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6131355-4	1982	At this site, the mu agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol-Enkephalin (DAGO) produced hypotension, tachycardia and bradypnea, DAGO and DADL but not Morphine or Dynorphin also caused bradypnea in this region.	Morphine	140-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
7177488-1	1982	The distribution of enkephalin immunoreactive cell bodies was studied in the central nervous system of colchicine-treated monkeys.	Colchicine	103-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
6296569-1	1982	The 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl(NAP)-D-Ala2-Leu5-Enkephalin derivatives: Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-NAP (E-NAP-EDA) and Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-COCH2CH2NHNAP(E-NAP- -Ala-EDA) were synthesized by conventional peptide methods.	try-d-ala-gly-phe-leu conch2ch2nh-nap	67-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6296569-1	1982	The 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl(NAP)-D-Ala2-Leu5-Enkephalin derivatives: Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-NAP (E-NAP-EDA) and Try-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu CONCH2CH2NH-COCH2CH2NHNAP(E-NAP- -Ala-EDA) were synthesized by conventional peptide methods.	try-d-ala-gly-phe-leu conch2ch2nh-coch2ch2nhnap	121-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6292643-1	1982	A dimeric pentapeptide enkephalin (DPE2) consisting of two molecules of [D-Ala 2, Leu 5] enkephalin linked at C-terminal leucine with ethylenediamine, (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH-Ch2)2 is a bivalent ligand for the delta enkephalin receptors of rat brain and neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.	Leucine	82-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7154836-0	1982	Effects of chronic lithium on enkephalin systems and pain responsiveness.	Lithium	19-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
7154836-8	1982	In contrast, the release of 1-enk-IR was potentiated but only in subjects in which the brain lithium exceeded a threshold level.	Lithium	93-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
6292643-1	1982	A dimeric pentapeptide enkephalin (DPE2) consisting of two molecules of [D-Ala 2, Leu 5] enkephalin linked at C-terminal leucine with ethylenediamine, (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH-Ch2)2 is a bivalent ligand for the delta enkephalin receptors of rat brain and neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.	Leucine	121-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6292643-1	1982	A dimeric pentapeptide enkephalin (DPE2) consisting of two molecules of [D-Ala 2, Leu 5] enkephalin linked at C-terminal leucine with ethylenediamine, (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH-Ch2)2 is a bivalent ligand for the delta enkephalin receptors of rat brain and neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.	ethylenediamine	134-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6292643-1	1982	A dimeric pentapeptide enkephalin (DPE2) consisting of two molecules of [D-Ala 2, Leu 5] enkephalin linked at C-terminal leucine with ethylenediamine, (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-NH-Ch2)2 is a bivalent ligand for the delta enkephalin receptors of rat brain and neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid (NG108-15) cells.	Tyrosine	154-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6186955-3	1982	A single injection of chlordecone (1 mg/pup on day 4 of age) reduced the level of [Met5]-enkephalin at 70 and 120 days of age in male rats but not in females.	Chlordecone	22-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
7154840-1	1982	Utilizing a nine amino-acid (Asp-Glu-Leu-Tyr-Pro-Leu-Glu-Val-Glu) non-enkephalin containing fragment of Peptide F from the pro-enkephalin molecule, a radioimmunoassay was developed.	asp-glu-leu-tyr-pro-leu-glu-val-glu	29-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
6185764-1	1982	An enkephalin analogue, D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DAME), caused a fall in blood pressure (BP) following right atrial administration (RA) in urethane-anesthetized rats that were also atropinized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated.	Radium	136-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	3-13
6185764-1	1982	An enkephalin analogue, D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide (DAME), caused a fall in blood pressure (BP) following right atrial administration (RA) in urethane-anesthetized rats that were also atropinized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated.	Urethane	143-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	3-13
7178189-6	1982	Iontophoretic or SC naloxone usually antagonized the excitatory actions of ethanol, salsolinol and methionine5-enkephalin on HPC pyramidal cells; however, ACh-induced speeding also was antagonized occasionally.	Naloxone	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
7178189-6	1982	Iontophoretic or SC naloxone usually antagonized the excitatory actions of ethanol, salsolinol and methionine5-enkephalin on HPC pyramidal cells; however, ACh-induced speeding also was antagonized occasionally.	Acetylcholine	155-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6186955-6	1982	These results suggest that hypothalamo-pituitary axis may be the primary neural target affected by chlordecone and estrogen-like activity may be related to the chlordecone-elicited decrease in pituitary [Met5]-enkephalin level.	Chlordecone	160-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	210-220
6127147-2	1982	In contrast, intrathecal ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADL) administration resulted in a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect which was reversible with intraperitoneal naloxone.	Naloxone	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6292613-1	1982	Receptor mechanisms for opiate induced respiratory depression and analgesia (tail-flick) were studied by the ED50 ratios and the apparent pA2 values of the interactions of naloxone with the mu-agonists morphine and D-ala2-me-phe4-met (O)ol5-enkephalin (FK-33824), and the delta-agonists D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) and tyr-D-ser-gly-phe-leu-thr.	Opiate Alkaloids	24-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-251
6292613-1	1982	Receptor mechanisms for opiate induced respiratory depression and analgesia (tail-flick) were studied by the ED50 ratios and the apparent pA2 values of the interactions of naloxone with the mu-agonists morphine and D-ala2-me-phe4-met (O)ol5-enkephalin (FK-33824), and the delta-agonists D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin (DADL) and tyr-D-ser-gly-phe-leu-thr.	Opiate Alkaloids	24-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	301-311
6292626-1	1982	By treating the rat crude synaptosomal fraction with 5,5"-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB, a marked decrease of stereo-specific binding of opioid agonist (dihydromorphine or D-Ala-D-Leu-enkephalin) was observed, but there was no effect in the case of the binding of opioid antagonist (naloxone or diprenorphine).	Dithionitrobenzoic Acid	53-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
6292626-1	1982	By treating the rat crude synaptosomal fraction with 5,5"-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), DTNB, a marked decrease of stereo-specific binding of opioid agonist (dihydromorphine or D-Ala-D-Leu-enkephalin) was observed, but there was no effect in the case of the binding of opioid antagonist (naloxone or diprenorphine).	Dithionitrobenzoic Acid	92-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
6292632-4	1982	Conversely, beta-endorphin inhibited the binding of a series of 3H-labeled ligands, including dihydromorphine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10,047, naloxone and D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin, far less potently than their corresponding unlabeled drug.	Tritium	64-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
6756941-1	1982	The effect of thiorphan, an inhibitor of enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, was tested in the rat tail-flick test.	Thiorphan	14-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
6756941-3	1982	However, thiorphan (30 mg/kg, s.c.) potentiated intraventricularly administered [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide (DEAEM) and its [Leu5]-derivative, whereas it had no effect on [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalin, [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide, or morphine.	Thiorphan	9-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
6752616-0	1982	Tolerance and cross tolerance to morphine after chronic spinal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin infusion.	Morphine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
6289161-0	1982	In vitro and in vivo inhibition by lithium of enkephalin binding to opiate receptors in rat brain.	Lithium	35-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6286904-6	1982	Visualization of [3H]naloxone- or [3H]enkephalin-labeled opiate receptor distributions in rat and human brains is achieved by tritium-sensitive film or by classical "wet" emulsion autoradiography.	Tritium	126-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
7128684-5	1982	On the other hand, a tetrodotoxin resistant response to ENK, transient relaxation, appeared at day 20 and was augmented thereafter.	Tetrodotoxin	21-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
6289161-2	1982	In vitro, lithium ions inhibited enkephalin binding to opiate receptors through a reduction in the number of binding sites, whereas the affinity was unchanged or only slightly decreased.	Lithium	10-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6289161-3	1982	In vivo, long term ingestion of lithium (3 weeks), during which the rats were maintained at a serum lithium level of approximately 1 mM, also inhibited enkephalin binding to rat neuronal membranes (P2-fractions) through a reduction of the number of opiate receptor binding sites, whereas the affinity was unchanged.	Lithium	32-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
6289161-3	1982	In vivo, long term ingestion of lithium (3 weeks), during which the rats were maintained at a serum lithium level of approximately 1 mM, also inhibited enkephalin binding to rat neuronal membranes (P2-fractions) through a reduction of the number of opiate receptor binding sites, whereas the affinity was unchanged.	Lithium	100-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
6289161-6	1982	This data suggest that administration of lithium to rats in small doses reduces opiate receptor binding of enkephalin.	Lithium	41-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
6287134-4	1982	These results suggest a possible role of dynorphin, in addition to beta-endorphin and Met5-enkephalin, in the control of LH release in male rats.	Luteinizing Hormone	121-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
6288414-9	1982	Similarly unilateral administration of Des-tyr-endorphin (100 pg) resulted in a blood pressure increase and [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalin produced a dose-related pressor response and tachycardia.	des-tyr-endorphin	39-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
7108125-1	1982	Presented here are procedural modifications which permit the utilization of 125I-labeled Met-enkephalin as substrate in the assay of rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase.	Iodine-125	76-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7108125-1	1982	Presented here are procedural modifications which permit the utilization of 125I-labeled Met-enkephalin as substrate in the assay of rat brain enkephalin aminopeptidase.	Iodine-125	76-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
7108125-2	1982	Th hydrolysis of enkephalin is monitored by the release of [125I]tyrosine separated on Porapak Q.	Tyrosine	65-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
6177523-0	1982	Local electrographic effects of leu-enkephalin microinjections into the brain.	Leucine	32-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7173110-0	1982	Involvement of brain dopamine in prolactin secretion induced by a synthetic Met5-enkephalin analogue in rats.	Dopamine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
6124860-1	1982	The effects of nineteen AHPA* derivatives were examined on morphine analgesia by tail-flick test in rats and on enkephalinase inhibition which was based on the formation of tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine from met-enkephalin.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	173-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7115528-1	1982	A study was made of the effect of a synthetic enkephalin analog and cimetidinee on experimental duodenal ulcer in rats induced by cysteamine administration.	Cysteamine	130-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6281605-1	1982	Mechanisms elucidated with enkephalin-tyrosine-o-sulfate and morphine congeners.	tyrosine O-sulfate	38-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
7110115-0	1982	Morphine allosterically modulates the binding of [3H]leucine enkephalin to a particulate fraction of rat brain.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
7110115-3	1982	In contrast, Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]leucine enkephalin in the absence and presence of 10, 50, and 100 nM morphine demonstrated that these concentrations of morphine decreased the number of binding sites by 23%, 32%, and 42%, respectively, with no change in the KD.	Tritium	51-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
7110115-3	1982	In contrast, Scatchard analysis of the binding of [3H]leucine enkephalin in the absence and presence of 10, 50, and 100 nM morphine demonstrated that these concentrations of morphine decreased the number of binding sites by 23%, 32%, and 42%, respectively, with no change in the KD.	Morphine	174-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
6287305-3	1982	Furthermore, the potency of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin to inhibit [3H]-diprenorphine and [3H]-ethylketazocine binding increased in the presence of Ca2+, whereas an increase in potency of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin to inhibit binding of mu-receptor ligands was not observed.	3h]-diprenorphine	67-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7110115-6	1982	The noncompetitive inhibition by morphine of [3H]leucine enkephalin binding was shown to be rapidly reversible, ruling out pseudoirreversible binding of morphine to the enkephalin binding site as the underlying mechanism.	Morphine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
6287305-3	1982	Furthermore, the potency of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin to inhibit [3H]-diprenorphine and [3H]-ethylketazocine binding increased in the presence of Ca2+, whereas an increase in potency of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin to inhibit binding of mu-receptor ligands was not observed.	[3h]-ethylketazocine	89-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7110115-7	1982	Computer analysis of the displacement [3H]leucine enkephalin binding by various concentrations of morphine has demonstrated that an allosteric model, not a two-site model, best describes the observed data.	Tritium	39-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6287305-5	1982	However, in saturation binding studies, performed in diencephalic membranes, in which [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin binds predominantly to mu-receptors, Ca2+ also increased the binding affinity of [3H]- [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin.	Tritium	195-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6287305-5	1982	However, in saturation binding studies, performed in diencephalic membranes, in which [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin binds predominantly to mu-receptors, Ca2+ also increased the binding affinity of [3H]- [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin.	Tritium	195-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	216-226
7110115-7	1982	Computer analysis of the displacement [3H]leucine enkephalin binding by various concentrations of morphine has demonstrated that an allosteric model, not a two-site model, best describes the observed data.	Morphine	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7110115-8	1982	We conclude that at low concentration morphine binds to a receptor not labeled by [3H]leucine enkephalin and by doing so allosterically induces an apparent loss of enkephalin receptors.	Morphine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
7110115-8	1982	We conclude that at low concentration morphine binds to a receptor not labeled by [3H]leucine enkephalin and by doing so allosterically induces an apparent loss of enkephalin receptors.	Morphine	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
6287305-6	1982	Double reciprocal analysis suggested a mixed competitive-noncompetitive type of inhibition of [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin binding by dihydromorphine.	Dihydromorphine	132-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6891276-2	1982	Intraperitoneal administration of beta-endorphin, leucine-, methionine- and [des-Tyr1] methionine-enkephalin 5 min prior to a 50-trial training session of shuttle avoidance conditioning in rats depressed avoidance performance both in the training session and in a retention test carried out after 24 h. All four peptides therefore depress both acquisition and retention of shuttle avoidance behavior.	[des-tyr1] methionine	76-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6280806-4	1982	Moreover, both morphine and naloxone were equally active in competing for [3H]Met-Enk binding in all 3 brain regions during the first month after birth, whereas methionine-enkephalin was only about 30-50% as active as morphine n competing for [3H]naloxone binding in that period.	Morphine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
6280806-4	1982	Moreover, both morphine and naloxone were equally active in competing for [3H]Met-Enk binding in all 3 brain regions during the first month after birth, whereas methionine-enkephalin was only about 30-50% as active as morphine n competing for [3H]naloxone binding in that period.	Naloxone	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
6803482-1	1982	The intraventricular injection of 25 micrograms of Methionine-Enkephalin (Met-Enk) induces a significant increase of serum LH levels in long-term ovariectomized rats 15, 30 and 60 min following administration.	Luteinizing Hormone	123-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
6280806-4	1982	Moreover, both morphine and naloxone were equally active in competing for [3H]Met-Enk binding in all 3 brain regions during the first month after birth, whereas methionine-enkephalin was only about 30-50% as active as morphine n competing for [3H]naloxone binding in that period.	Tritium	75-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
7047177-0	1982	Effects of thiorphan on the antinociceptive actions of intrathecal [D-Ala2,Met5] enkephalin.	Thiorphan	11-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
7047177-2	1982	Administrations of these doses of thiorphan concurrently or up to 1 h prior to the intrathecal administration of [D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalin resulted in a dose dependent, leftward shift in the peptide dose response curve.	Thiorphan	34-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
7047177-4	1982	The potentiated effects of [D-Ala2,Met5] enkephalin were totally antagonized by systemically administered naloxone.	Naloxone	106-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
6803482-2	1982	The synthetic Met-Enk agonistic analogue [D-Ala2] methionine-Enkephalinamide ([D-Ala2]Met-Enk) also enhances significantly serum LH levels at 30 and 60 min; under the same experimental conditions neither Met-Enk nor [D-Ala2]Met-Enk modifies serum levels of FSH following intraventricular injections into ovariectomized animals.	Luteinizing Hormone	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
6803482-2	1982	The synthetic Met-Enk agonistic analogue [D-Ala2] methionine-Enkephalinamide ([D-Ala2]Met-Enk) also enhances significantly serum LH levels at 30 and 60 min; under the same experimental conditions neither Met-Enk nor [D-Ala2]Met-Enk modifies serum levels of FSH following intraventricular injections into ovariectomized animals.	Luteinizing Hormone	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6803482-2	1982	The synthetic Met-Enk agonistic analogue [D-Ala2] methionine-Enkephalinamide ([D-Ala2]Met-Enk) also enhances significantly serum LH levels at 30 and 60 min; under the same experimental conditions neither Met-Enk nor [D-Ala2]Met-Enk modifies serum levels of FSH following intraventricular injections into ovariectomized animals.	Luteinizing Hormone	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6803482-2	1982	The synthetic Met-Enk agonistic analogue [D-Ala2] methionine-Enkephalinamide ([D-Ala2]Met-Enk) also enhances significantly serum LH levels at 30 and 60 min; under the same experimental conditions neither Met-Enk nor [D-Ala2]Met-Enk modifies serum levels of FSH following intraventricular injections into ovariectomized animals.	Luteinizing Hormone	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
6288588-4	1982	In addition, the extension of the chain length of the Met-ekephalin segment to the COOH-terminal glutamic acid modified the binding of the NH2-terminal sequence to the enkephalin receptor.	Glutamic Acid	97-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
7056220-1	1982	The long-acting synthetic enkephalin FK 33-824 (FK) potently inhibits LH secretion in gonadectomized prepubertal male and female rats.	Luteinizing Hormone	70-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6122185-2	1982	Furthermore, this kappa site was selectively protected, from inactivation with high concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, by the kappa agonists ethylketazocine and (-)-alpha-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(L-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan (MR-2034) but not by morphine or (D-ala2-D-leu5)-enkephalin.	Ethylmaleimide	102-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-309
6122185-2	1982	Furthermore, this kappa site was selectively protected, from inactivation with high concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, by the kappa agonists ethylketazocine and (-)-alpha-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(L-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan (MR-2034) but not by morphine or (D-ala2-D-leu5)-enkephalin.	Ethylketocyclazocine	142-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-309
6122185-2	1982	Furthermore, this kappa site was selectively protected, from inactivation with high concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, by the kappa agonists ethylketazocine and (-)-alpha-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(L-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan (MR-2034) but not by morphine or (D-ala2-D-leu5)-enkephalin.	(-)-alpha-(1r,5r,9r)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(l-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan	162-249	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-309
6122185-2	1982	Furthermore, this kappa site was selectively protected, from inactivation with high concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, by the kappa agonists ethylketazocine and (-)-alpha-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(L-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan (MR-2034) but not by morphine or (D-ala2-D-leu5)-enkephalin.	MR 2034	251-258	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-309
6122185-2	1982	Furthermore, this kappa site was selectively protected, from inactivation with high concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide, by the kappa agonists ethylketazocine and (-)-alpha-(1R,5R,9R)-5,9-dimethyl-2-(L-tetrahydrofurfuryl)-2"-hydroxy-6,7-benzo morphan (MR-2034) but not by morphine or (D-ala2-D-leu5)-enkephalin.	Morphine	271-279	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-309
6278358-1	1982	D-Fenfluramine, an anorectic that releases serotonin (5-HT), repeatedly injected in rats (15 mg/kg per day) enhanced the met5-enkephalin and beta-endorphin content of the hyhpothalamus.	Dexfenfluramine	0-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
7108539-5	1982	Acid acetone extraction of rat striatum followed by Sephadex G-50 chromatography and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography showed that essentially all immunoreactivity co-chromatographed with Met-enkephalin[Arg6,Phe7].	acid acetone	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
6278358-1	1982	D-Fenfluramine, an anorectic that releases serotonin (5-HT), repeatedly injected in rats (15 mg/kg per day) enhanced the met5-enkephalin and beta-endorphin content of the hyhpothalamus.	Serotonin	54-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
6278358-4	1982	A transient, small, increase in striatal met-enkephalin content was also induced by repeated D-fenfluramine injections; however the met-enkephalin content of frontal cortex, hippocampus and brainstem was not affected.	Dexfenfluramine	93-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
6280202-0	1982	D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin generalizes to a discriminative stimulus produced by fentanyl but not ethylketocyclazocine.	Fentanyl	78-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6751033-0	1982	Inhibition of enkephalin degrading enzymes by metal chelating reagents.	Metals	46-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6275961-5	1982	The most potent opioid peptide in inducing the MC and electrocortical (ECoG) epileptic pattern was the delta opiate receptor agonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADL).	Methylcholanthrene	47-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
6751033-1	1982	The N-phosphorylated dipeptide K2PO3-Leu-Phe (P-Leu-Phe) and the mercaptoacetylated dipeptides SHCH2CO-Leu-Phe and SHCH2CO-Phe-Leu are potent inhibitors of the enkephalin carboxydipeptidase (enkephalinase) activity from rat striatal synaptosomal membranes; IC50, 0.3 nM, 15 nM, and 70 nM, respectively.	dipeptide k2po3-leu-phe	21-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
6751033-2	1982	These metal chelating compounds also inhibit the enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase activity present in the soluble fraction of rat striatum, although higher concentrations of inhibitors are needed; IC50, 100 microM, 80 microM and 150 microM, respectively.	Metals	6-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6751033-3	1982	The binding of Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) to rat striatal synaptosomal membranes is enhanced when the enkephalinase activity or the aminopeptidase activity present in these membranes is inhibited.	Leucine	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7074991-0	1982	Altered methionine enkephalin immunoreactivity in cerebral nuclei of spontaneously hypertensive rats.	Methionine	8-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6751033-3	1982	The binding of Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) to rat striatal synaptosomal membranes is enhanced when the enkephalinase activity or the aminopeptidase activity present in these membranes is inhibited.	Leucine	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
7074991-1	1982	In young SHR, methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME) levels were lower than WKY in the tractus spinalis n. trigemini, n. reticularis lateralis, n. arcuatus and n. corporis mamillaris lateralis, whereas higher in the n. dorsalis n. vagi, n. amygdaloideus medialis and n. striae terminalis.	Methionine	14-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6751033-5	1982	Similarly, the inhibition of these activities in rat striatal slices, using either puromycin or secobarbital which inhibit the aminopeptidase and enkephalinase, respectively, increases the amount of enkephalin recovered following K+ depolarization by about 100 percent.	Puromycin	83-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
7074991-1	1982	In young SHR, methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME) levels were lower than WKY in the tractus spinalis n. trigemini, n. reticularis lateralis, n. arcuatus and n. corporis mamillaris lateralis, whereas higher in the n. dorsalis n. vagi, n. amygdaloideus medialis and n. striae terminalis.	methionylglutamic acid	59-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6751033-6	1982	P-Leu-Phe at 1 mM, a concentration which inhibits both enzymatic activities, increased the amount of enkephalin recovered by 10-fold.	p-leu-phe	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6751033-7	1982	The intracerebroventricular administration of 60 micrograms P-Leu-Phe with 200 micrograms of Leu-Enk induced analgesia in 4 out of 5 rats while Leu-Enk alone was not effective.	Leucine	62-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
6751033-7	1982	The intracerebroventricular administration of 60 micrograms P-Leu-Phe with 200 micrograms of Leu-Enk induced analgesia in 4 out of 5 rats while Leu-Enk alone was not effective.	Leucine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
7202129-3	1982	Serum testosterone (T) levels displayed an inverse relationship with the met-enk rhythm; high concentrations during the day were associated with low met-enk levels and as T levels decreased to a nadir at 23.30-00.30 h, the met-enk in the MBH and AHPOA attained peak concentrations.	Testosterone	6-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
6286542-3	1982	The enzyme effects indicated the occurrence of a heptapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met/Leu-Arg-Phe) that contains both the enkephalin and the Molluscan neuropeptide sequence.	leucylarginine	83-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6286542-3	1982	The enzyme effects indicated the occurrence of a heptapeptide (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met/Leu-Arg-Phe) that contains both the enkephalin and the Molluscan neuropeptide sequence.	Phenylalanine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6288583-3	1982	[delta Ala2, Leu5]-enkephalin has been prepared and shown to be more active than the parent saturated enkephalin in a binding assay using rat brain membranes and [3H]dihydromorphine as a tracer.	[delta ala2,	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6288583-3	1982	[delta Ala2, Leu5]-enkephalin has been prepared and shown to be more active than the parent saturated enkephalin in a binding assay using rat brain membranes and [3H]dihydromorphine as a tracer.	[delta ala2,	0-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6288583-3	1982	[delta Ala2, Leu5]-enkephalin has been prepared and shown to be more active than the parent saturated enkephalin in a binding assay using rat brain membranes and [3H]dihydromorphine as a tracer.	Tritium	163-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6288583-3	1982	[delta Ala2, Leu5]-enkephalin has been prepared and shown to be more active than the parent saturated enkephalin in a binding assay using rat brain membranes and [3H]dihydromorphine as a tracer.	Dihydromorphine	166-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6288583-4	1982	In a comparison of potencies against [3H]dihydromorphine and [3H]-[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin as tracers, [delta Ala2, Leu5]-enkephalin showed preference for micro opiate receptors, possibly due to the hydrophobicity of the delta Ala2 residue.	[3h]dihydromorphine	37-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6176906-6	1982	Substance P and cholecystokinin fibres formed dense plexuses in the medial nucleus whilst the greatest concentration of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neurotensin and methionine enkephalin fibres were seen in the central nucleus.	Methionine	171-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
6272937-4	1981	Intracerebroventricular administration of D-alanine methionine enkephalin, bombesin and calcitonin significantly suppressed the muscimol-induced gastric acid secretion.	Muscimol	128-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6172180-1	1981	The distributions of neurotensin and opiate receptors within the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord were studied with quantitative autoradiographic techniques and compared with the immunohistochemical localizations of neurotensin and methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in this region.	Methionine	234-244	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Levorphanol	294-305	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6101080-3	1981	With normorphine the loss of agonist activity was greatest at days 12-16, while with D-Met2,Pro5-enkephalinamide it was greatest at days 16-30. beta-Endorphin also was less effective in adult than 30-day preparations, but methionine enkephalin was ineffective at all ages.	d-met2,	85-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
6275285-2	1981	Dehydration of rats by 5 days enforced inhibition of a 2% solution of NaCl resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of ir-DYN, ir-1-ENK and ir-VP, but not in those of ir-beta-END in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary.	Sodium Chloride	70-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
6275285-3	1981	In contrast, substitution of drinking water by a solution containing 20 microgram/ml dexamethasone for 5 days produced a significant increase in the neurointermediate pituitary content of ir-DYN, ir-1-ENK and ir-VP, whereas levels of ir-beta-END remained unaffected.	Water	38-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
6275285-3	1981	In contrast, substitution of drinking water by a solution containing 20 microgram/ml dexamethasone for 5 days produced a significant increase in the neurointermediate pituitary content of ir-DYN, ir-1-ENK and ir-VP, whereas levels of ir-beta-END remained unaffected.	Dexamethasone	85-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Dextrorphan	344-355	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Methadone	360-373	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Methadone	399-412	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6272946-9	1981	The delayed appearance of the [3H]enkephalin-labeled receptors may reflect the dependence of the peptide binding on later developing molecules of adenylate cyclase.	Tritium	31-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6947303-5	1981	D-Ala Methionine Enkephalin failed to alter the suppressive effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 at a dose of 1 microgram but successfully reversed the effect of PGF2 alpha at a 10 micrograms dose while still having no effect on PGE2 suppression of feeding.	Dinoprost	156-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
7288632-0	1981	Morphine-like action of enkephalin analog FK 33-824 on motility of the isolated rat colon.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7291041-2	1981	Purified enzyme was devoid of contamination of tryptic-like enzymes, by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (angiotensin converting enzyme) and of enkephalinnases cleaving the Tyr-Gly and Gly-Phe bonds of Met-enkephalin.	Tyr-Gly	168-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
7285858-0	1981	Possible involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid in growth hormone release induced by a Met5-enkephalin analog in conscious rats.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	24-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6270660-1	1981	The simultaneous addition of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and morphiceptin at concentrations at which 98% of enkephalin (delta) and morphine (mu) receptors are occupied only partially inhibits the binding of [3H]diprenorphine to rat brain membranes.	[3H]Diprenorphine	207-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
7272599-0	1981	The effects of morphine and methionine-enkephalin on the release of purines from cerebral cortex slices of rats and mice.	Purines	68-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6272275-3	1981	In the presence of Mn2+ (3 mM) or other divalent cations, however, Na+ and GTP at 25 degrees C caused an increase in D-Enk binding at the expense of H2morphine binding at striatal opiate receptor patches.	Guanosine Triphosphate	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
7291041-2	1981	Purified enzyme was devoid of contamination of tryptic-like enzymes, by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (angiotensin converting enzyme) and of enkephalinnases cleaving the Tyr-Gly and Gly-Phe bonds of Met-enkephalin.	Glycine	172-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	[3H]-diprenorphine	4-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	Benzomorphans	138-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	6,7-Benzomorphan	183-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7291041-2	1981	Purified enzyme was devoid of contamination of tryptic-like enzymes, by dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (angiotensin converting enzyme) and of enkephalinnases cleaving the Tyr-Gly and Gly-Phe bonds of Met-enkephalin.	Phenylalanine	184-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	Cyclazocine	207-218	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7291041-4	1981	Subsequent amino acid analysis identified these as Phe, Met-enkephalin-Arg6, and Met-enkephalin, indicating cleavage at the Arg6-Phe7 and Met5-Phe6 bonds.	Methionine	56-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	Ethylketocyclazocine	220-240	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7291043-0	1981	Cholecystokinin and enkephalin levels following ethanol administration in rats.	Ethanol	48-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	SK and F 10047	242-251	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7015510-1	1981	Methionine enkephalin release was evoked by depolarization of slices from rat striatum with potassium.	Potassium	92-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6270660-4	1981	The [3H]-diprenorphine binding observed in the presence of morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin exhibits high affinity for several benzomorphan drugs in the chemical family of 6,7-benzomorphan (e.g., cyclazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, SKF 10047, UM 1072, oxilorphan, etc).	oxilorphan	262-272	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7272282-3	1981	It was shown that the enzyme activities resulting in hydrolysis of the tyrosine residue of ([3,5-3H2]Tyr)Met-enkephalin and formation of beta-naphthylamine from Tyr-beta-naphthylamide copurified.	Tyrosine	71-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
7272282-3	1981	It was shown that the enzyme activities resulting in hydrolysis of the tyrosine residue of ([3,5-3H2]Tyr)Met-enkephalin and formation of beta-naphthylamine from Tyr-beta-naphthylamide copurified.	2-Naphthylamine	137-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
7272282-3	1981	It was shown that the enzyme activities resulting in hydrolysis of the tyrosine residue of ([3,5-3H2]Tyr)Met-enkephalin and formation of beta-naphthylamine from Tyr-beta-naphthylamide copurified.	tyr-beta-naphthylamide	161-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
7272282-5	1981	Hydrolysis of Met-enkephalin yielded the products L-tyrosine and the tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Phe-Met.	Tyrosine	50-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
7272282-5	1981	Hydrolysis of Met-enkephalin yielded the products L-tyrosine and the tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Phe-Met.	gly-gly-phe-met	82-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
7272282-8	1981	The enkephalin-degrading enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5-7.0 and exhibited maximal activity at 40 degrees C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by metal chelators, and it was found that 1 mol of Zn2+ was associated with 1 mol of enzyme (102000 Mr).	Metals	141-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7272282-8	1981	The enkephalin-degrading enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5-7.0 and exhibited maximal activity at 40 degrees C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by metal chelators, and it was found that 1 mol of Zn2+ was associated with 1 mol of enzyme (102000 Mr).	Zinc	189-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7266940-3	1981	Local perfusion with veratrine also enhanced enkephalin release.	Veratrine	21-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
6266515-1	1981	FK-33-824 (Try-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Met(O)ol) is a potent enkephalin analog which has been tritium labelled with a high specific radioactivity (41 Ci/mmole).	try-d-ala-gly-mephe-met(o)ol	11-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
6266515-1	1981	FK-33-824 (Try-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Met(O)ol) is a potent enkephalin analog which has been tritium labelled with a high specific radioactivity (41 Ci/mmole).	Tritium	86-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7021390-0	1981	Effect of glucose and arginine on L-enkephalin secretion of the isolated perfused rat pancreas.	Arginine	22-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
6274643-4	1981	Whereas morphine, beta-endorphin and D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalin-amide depress respiratory rates in 2-day old rats at doses equal to or lower than those active in 14-day old rats, morphine"s analgesic ED50 is 40-fold greater in 2-day old than in 14-day old rats.	Amides	60-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6274645-1	1981	The binding characteristics of two highly potent analgesic enkephalin analogs, [D-Thr2, Thz5]-and [D-Met2, Thz5]-enkephalinamide, to the rat brain membrane preparation have been investigated using tritiated Leu-enkephalin, human beta-endorphin or dihydromorphine as the primary ligand.	[d-thr2	79-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6274645-1	1981	The binding characteristics of two highly potent analgesic enkephalin analogs, [D-Thr2, Thz5]-and [D-Met2, Thz5]-enkephalinamide, to the rat brain membrane preparation have been investigated using tritiated Leu-enkephalin, human beta-endorphin or dihydromorphine as the primary ligand.	thz5	88-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6274645-1	1981	The binding characteristics of two highly potent analgesic enkephalin analogs, [D-Thr2, Thz5]-and [D-Met2, Thz5]-enkephalinamide, to the rat brain membrane preparation have been investigated using tritiated Leu-enkephalin, human beta-endorphin or dihydromorphine as the primary ligand.	[d-met2, thz5]-enkephalinamide	98-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6274645-2	1981	Concentrations for 50% inhibiting activity of the enkephalin analogs are much lower in displacing tritiated dihydromorphine in comparison with that for the other two tritiated ligands.	Dihydromorphine	108-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	mephe4	32-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	met(0)-ol	40-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	Damme	51-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	Glucose	119-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	alpha-ketoisocaproic acid	212-233	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	Glyburide	303-316	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6790327-3	1981	The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%.	Glucose	340-347	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6265839-0	1981	Effects of bromocriptine on receptor binding of methionine-enkephalin.	Bromocriptine	11-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-69
6265839-1	1981	Bromocriptine inhibited the binding of methionine-enkephalin (ENK) to rat striatal synaptic membranes in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bromocriptine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-60
6265839-1	1981	Bromocriptine inhibited the binding of methionine-enkephalin (ENK) to rat striatal synaptic membranes in a dose-dependent fashion.	Bromocriptine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
6265839-3	1981	hill coefficients of bromocriptine were 0.7 and 0.3, suggesting that an allosteric effect was involved in bromocriptine inhibition of ENK binding to its receptor.	Bromocriptine	21-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
6265839-3	1981	hill coefficients of bromocriptine were 0.7 and 0.3, suggesting that an allosteric effect was involved in bromocriptine inhibition of ENK binding to its receptor.	Bromocriptine	106-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
6265839-4	1981	These data suggest that at least a part of the therapeutic antiparkinsonian effect f bromocriptine is its allosteric effects on the ENK receptor, which influences the function of striatal dopamine neurons and/or of striatal cholinergic neurons.	Bromocriptine	85-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
6265839-4	1981	These data suggest that at least a part of the therapeutic antiparkinsonian effect f bromocriptine is its allosteric effects on the ENK receptor, which influences the function of striatal dopamine neurons and/or of striatal cholinergic neurons.	Dopamine	188-196	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
7015510-2	1981	In the presence of 0.1 microM thiorphan [(N(R,S)-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropionyl)glycine], a potent inhibitor of enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase), the recovery of the pentapeptide in the incubation medium was increased by about 100 percent.	Thiorphan	30-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
7015510-2	1981	In the presence of 0.1 microM thiorphan [(N(R,S)-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropionyl)glycine], a potent inhibitor of enkephalin dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase (enkephalinase), the recovery of the pentapeptide in the incubation medium was increased by about 100 percent.	(n(r,s)-3-mercapto-2-benzylpropionyl)glycine	41-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
7215429-1	1981	The opioid activities of enkephalin analogues bearing D- or L-aminopentane-sulfonic/phosphonic acid at position 5 were studied in vitro, in electrically stimulated longitudinal muscle strip of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens preparations and in vivo in the rat tail-flick test.	d- or l-aminopentane-sulfonic/phosphonic acid	54-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
7194992-0	1981	Retrograde amnesia caused by Met-, Leu- and des-Try-Met-enkephalin in the rat and its reversal by naloxone.	Naloxone	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
6265125-0	1981	The effects of GABA-ergic drugs on enkephalin-induced motor seizure phenomena in the rat.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	15-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	100-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	Muscimol	120-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	gabaculine	130-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	Baclofen	145-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-4	1981	GABA-ergic drugs altered enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions in the following manner: (a) The GABA-mimetic drugs, muscimol, gabaculine and baclofen, decreased DALA-induced myoclonic contractions.	Aminolevulinic Acid	165-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6265125-8	1981	The modulatory effect of the GABA-mimetic drug on enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions may give grounds for further study to test the possible use of other GABA-mimetic drugs and possibly opiate antagonists for the treatment of myoclonic syndromes.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	29-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6265125-8	1981	The modulatory effect of the GABA-mimetic drug on enkephalin-induced myoclonic contractions may give grounds for further study to test the possible use of other GABA-mimetic drugs and possibly opiate antagonists for the treatment of myoclonic syndromes.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	161-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6257675-1	1981	The synthesis and characterization of a novel enkephalin analogue, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Leu-chloromethyl ketone, is described.	tyrosyl-alanyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl-leucine chloromethyl ketone	67-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6258708-3	1981	Whereas the selective delta-receptor agonist [3H]D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin specifically labelled binding sites in the CA2 area, [3H]etorphine grains displayed a uniform dense distribution throughout the pyramidal cell layers from CA1 to CA4.	Tritium	46-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
7242868-0	1981	Methionine enkephalin-induced shaking behavior in rats: dissociation from brain serotonin mechanisms.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7194719-3	1981	The suppressive effect of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine was antagonized by the enkephalin analogue, D-Ala-Met-enkephalin, in equimolar concentrations.	histidyl-proline diketopiperazine	26-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7194719-3	1981	The suppressive effect of histidyl-proline diketopiperazine was antagonized by the enkephalin analogue, D-Ala-Met-enkephalin, in equimolar concentrations.	histidyl-proline diketopiperazine	26-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6163796-6	1981	Like the catecholamine synthesizing enzymes TH and DBH, enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was localized to perikarya, proximal processes and varicose axon terminals within the area postrema and the adjacent mNTS.	Catecholamines	9-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
7463074-1	1981	Using antisera specific for methionine- and leucine-enkephalin, we studied the characteristics of the release of these peptides from rat striatal slices.	Leucine	44-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
7463074-2	1981	Only 2-3% of the total tissue stores of enkephalin could be released by potassium-depolarization; similar percentages were released from globus pallidus, thalamus, and nucleus accumbens.	Potassium	72-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
7012516-0	1981	Inhibition of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from rat brain and of thermolysin by amino acid hydroxamates.	amino acid hydroxamates	80-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7215429-3	1981	Correlating the in vitro activities with the analgesic activity in vivo it is concluded that the enkephalin-like character in a pentapetide may hinder the expression of analgesic activity, when the compounds are given into the cerebroventricular system.	pentapetide	128-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
6264453-5	1981	The purified receptor binds 10(-11) mol of dihydromorphine/per mg of protein, with a Kd of 3.8 X 10(-9) M. Other opiates, naloxone, and methionine-enkephalin, inhibit [3H]dihydromorphine binding in a manner similar to that observed with intact and solubilized neural membranes.	Dihydromorphine	43-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
6112776-1	1981	In fetal rat brain, immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and methionine (Met5)-enkephalin demonstrates that dopaminergic axons labeled with the biosynthetic enzyme can be detected in th neostriatum prior to the appearance of the peptide in neuronal perikarya.	methionine (met5)	80-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
7009170-1	1981	Hydrolysis of ([3H]Leu5)-enkephalin into the tripeptide [3H]Tyr-Gly-Gly can be detected using particulate fractions from a variety of peripheral organs.	tripeptide [3h]tyr-gly-gly	45-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6109621-7	1981	The most active analog to date, Tyr-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-NH2, was shown to release GH in vitro at 10-30 ng/ml medium, which is approximately 10(3) times more active than the two starting enkephalin-based analogs.	Tyr-D-Trp-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-NH2	32-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
6191322-5	1981	It is suggested that methionine enkephalin and/or beta-endorphin and Substance P regulate release of acetylcholine or hormones from placental villus.	Acetylcholine	101-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6791229-3	1981	In the present study the food intake of freely-feeding rats was increased by subcutaneous injections of morphine, a stabilised enkephalin and analogue (RX 783030), and ethylketocyclazocine.	Morphine	104-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
6258678-4	1980	3 Pretreatment of the vasa with morphine antagonized the inhibition of the neuromuscular transmission caused by either beta-endorphin or enkephalin.	Morphine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
7470729-4	1980	of the substance and sensitivity to naloxone reversal appeared to be similar to enkephalin, but it was resistant to carboxypeptidase-A and protease treatment.7 It is concluded that the enkephalin content of the hypothalamus is affected by activity in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal system but that it is not related in a simple manner to the levels of corticotrophin releasing hormone, corticotrophin or corticosteroids.	Naloxone	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
6261242-1	1980	A conformationally restricted analog of [Leu5]enkephalin was synthesized by cyclization of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group of leucine to the gamma-amino moiety of alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid (A2bu) substituted in position 2 of the peptide.	carboxyl	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6261242-1	1980	A conformationally restricted analog of [Leu5]enkephalin was synthesized by cyclization of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group of leucine to the gamma-amino moiety of alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid (A2bu) substituted in position 2 of the peptide.	Leucine	127-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6256520-8	1980	Methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was not clearly detectable in rat retina but was present in toad retina.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6261242-1	1980	A conformationally restricted analog of [Leu5]enkephalin was synthesized by cyclization of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group of leucine to the gamma-amino moiety of alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid (A2bu) substituted in position 2 of the peptide.	2,4-diaminobutyric acid	164-196	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6261242-1	1980	A conformationally restricted analog of [Leu5]enkephalin was synthesized by cyclization of the COOH-terminal carboxyl group of leucine to the gamma-amino moiety of alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid (A2bu) substituted in position 2 of the peptide.	a2bu	198-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6261242-2	1980	Relative to [Leu5]enkephalin, the cyclic analog with D configuration in position 2, H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-), was 17.5 times more potent in the guinea pig ileum assay and twice as potent in the rat brain receptor binding assay, whereas its diastereomer H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-L-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) showed low activity.	h-tyr-cyclo	84-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6261242-2	1980	Relative to [Leu5]enkephalin, the cyclic analog with D configuration in position 2, H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-), was 17.5 times more potent in the guinea pig ileum assay and twice as potent in the rat brain receptor binding assay, whereas its diastereomer H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-L-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) showed low activity.	-a2bu	106-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6261242-2	1980	Relative to [Leu5]enkephalin, the cyclic analog with D configuration in position 2, H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-), was 17.5 times more potent in the guinea pig ileum assay and twice as potent in the rat brain receptor binding assay, whereas its diastereomer H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-L-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) showed low activity.	h-tyr-cyclo	270-281	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6261242-2	1980	Relative to [Leu5]enkephalin, the cyclic analog with D configuration in position 2, H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-), was 17.5 times more potent in the guinea pig ileum assay and twice as potent in the rat brain receptor binding assay, whereas its diastereomer H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-L-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) showed low activity.	phenylalanylleucine	116-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	h-tyr-cyclo	37-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	h-tyr-cyclo	37-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	Glycine	65-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	Glycine	65-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	Phenylalanine	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6261242-4	1980	The steric constraints introduced in H-Tyr-cyclo(-N gamma-D-A2bu-Gly-Phe-Leu-) were shown to prevent the realization of most of the conformational features ascribed to linear enkephalin in solution or in the crystalline state and permitted an assessment of proposed models of the conformation of enkephalin when it is bound to the receptor.	Phenylalanine	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
6255483-2	1980	Morphine-like (mu) receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala-2MePhe4Met(O)5-ol]enkephalin, are concentrated selectively in lamina IV of the cerebral cortex, certain thalamic nuclei, and the periaqueductal grey, while delta receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin, are more diffused, having high densities in cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, amygdala, and olfactory tubercle.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6255483-2	1980	Morphine-like (mu) receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala-2MePhe4Met(O)5-ol]enkephalin, are concentrated selectively in lamina IV of the cerebral cortex, certain thalamic nuclei, and the periaqueductal grey, while delta receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin, are more diffused, having high densities in cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, amygdala, and olfactory tubercle.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	273-283
6255483-2	1980	Morphine-like (mu) receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala-2MePhe4Met(O)5-ol]enkephalin, are concentrated selectively in lamina IV of the cerebral cortex, certain thalamic nuclei, and the periaqueductal grey, while delta receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin, are more diffused, having high densities in cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, amygdala, and olfactory tubercle.	Iodine-125	41-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6255483-2	1980	Morphine-like (mu) receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala-2MePhe4Met(O)5-ol]enkephalin, are concentrated selectively in lamina IV of the cerebral cortex, certain thalamic nuclei, and the periaqueductal grey, while delta receptors, labeled by 125I-labeled [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin, are more diffused, having high densities in cerebral cortex, corpus striatum, amygdala, and olfactory tubercle.	(o)5-ol	71-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
6908965-1	1980	A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the oxidised form of methionine(5)-enkephalin (Met(5)-Enk), Met(5)-Enk sulphoxide (Met(5)-Enk-S), has been developed.	methionine(5)-enkephalin	73-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
6908965-11	1980	The results indicate that spontaneous oxidation of Met(5)-Enk immunogen occurs such that antisera are produced against the sulphoxide analogue of Met(5)-Enk, and may account for the relative insensitivity of some published RIAs using Met(5)-Enk standard.	sulfoxide	123-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
6256025-1	1980	Stereospecific binding of apomorphine to rat brain opiate receptors was shown by assaying the competition of 7,8(n)--3H--naloxone and D-ala2-tyrosyl-3,5-3H--enkephalin (5-D-leucine) for opiate receptor binding.	Apomorphine	26-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
6908965-11	1980	The results indicate that spontaneous oxidation of Met(5)-Enk immunogen occurs such that antisera are produced against the sulphoxide analogue of Met(5)-Enk, and may account for the relative insensitivity of some published RIAs using Met(5)-Enk standard.	sulfoxide	123-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
6256025-2	1980	EC-NaCl50, the concentration of apomorphine which inhibited 50% binding of the radioactive naloxone and D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin in the absence of NaCl were 20 and 42 microM, respectively.	ec-nacl50	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6908965-11	1980	The results indicate that spontaneous oxidation of Met(5)-Enk immunogen occurs such that antisera are produced against the sulphoxide analogue of Met(5)-Enk, and may account for the relative insensitivity of some published RIAs using Met(5)-Enk standard.	sulfoxide	123-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
6256025-2	1980	EC-NaCl50, the concentration of apomorphine which inhibited 50% binding of the radioactive naloxone and D-ala2, D-leu5-enkephalin in the absence of NaCl were 20 and 42 microM, respectively.	Apomorphine	32-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
7232228-5	1980	Mydriasis also occurred after leu-enkephalin (5 and 10 mg/kg, IP) and met-enkephalin (20 mg/kg, IP) Both peptides induced morphine-like fluctuations.	Morphine	122-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
6256025-5	1980	From the data obtained it is concluded that apomorphine, like naloxone, is a "pure" antagonist but it has much less affinity for enkephalin and opiate binding sites.	Apomorphine	44-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
7232228-6	1980	When given 15 min after morphine, leu-enkephalin (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the mydriatic effect of morphine from 172 percent of control to 224 and 272 percent, respectively.	Morphine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
7232228-6	1980	When given 15 min after morphine, leu-enkephalin (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the mydriatic effect of morphine from 172 percent of control to 224 and 272 percent, respectively.	Morphine	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6265978-2	1980	Iontophoretically applied morphine, methionine enkephalin or beta-endorphin inhibited the spontaneous or glutamate-activated firing of the great majority of single neurons in medial and lateral septum, amygdala and cingulate cortex.	Glutamic Acid	105-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
7232228-7	1980	Met-enkephalin (20 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg) also enhanced the mydriatic response of morphine, to 244 percent of control.	Morphine	84-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7455665-5	1980	(iii) Cycloheximide, the protein-synthesis inhibitor, reduces the enkephalin-increasing effect of acupuncture, indicating that one of the mechanisms by which acupuncture elevates the enkephalin levels is the acceleration of biosynthesis.	Cycloheximide	6-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
7412501-0	1980	Reduced ability of naloxone to stimulate LH and testosterone release in aging male rats; possible relation to increase in hypothalamic met5-enkephalin.	Naloxone	19-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6106904-0	1980	Actions of enkephalin, mu and partial agonist analgesics on acetylcholine turnover in rat brain.	Acetylcholine	60-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7455665-5	1980	(iii) Cycloheximide, the protein-synthesis inhibitor, reduces the enkephalin-increasing effect of acupuncture, indicating that one of the mechanisms by which acupuncture elevates the enkephalin levels is the acceleration of biosynthesis.	Cycloheximide	6-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
6998819-1	1980	The direct effects of an enkephalin analogue, (D-Ala2/MePhe4/Met/(O)-o1) enkephalin (DAMME), on insulin release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat have been investigated.	mephe4	54-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6248174-0	1980	A topographic localization of enkephalin on the dopamine neurons of the rat substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area demonstrated by combined histofluorescence-immunocytochemistry.	Dopamine	48-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6261902-1	1980	The development profiles of [3H]methionine-enkephalin ([3H]Met-enk) binding sites and radioimmunoassayable (RIA) beta-endorphin in regions of rat brain were determined.	Tritium	29-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6261902-1	1980	The development profiles of [3H]methionine-enkephalin ([3H]Met-enk) binding sites and radioimmunoassayable (RIA) beta-endorphin in regions of rat brain were determined.	Tritium	29-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
6261902-2	1980	The amount [3H]Met-enk bound reached its maximum in the 1st week after birth in the cerebellum, in the brainstem at the 2nd week, and in the whole forebrain at the 3rd week, that of RIA beta-endorphin reached its highest level at day 2 postpartum (p.p.)	Tritium	12-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
6261902-2	1980	The amount [3H]Met-enk bound reached its maximum in the 1st week after birth in the cerebellum, in the brainstem at the 2nd week, and in the whole forebrain at the 3rd week, that of RIA beta-endorphin reached its highest level at day 2 postpartum (p.p.)	ria beta-endorphin	182-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
6261902-7	1980	These findings suggest that both the development of RIA beta-endorphin and [3H]met-enk sites in rat brain follow a caudal to rostral sequence.	Tritium	76-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
6261902-8	1980	Also, the close interrelationship between the elevation and decline in the amount of [3H]Met-enk bound and RIA beta-endorphin levels in each brain region suggests that these two components are important entities of the central nervous system.	Tritium	86-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7408961-3	1980	The response of guinea-pig duodenum to ENK was either relaxation or pulsatile contractions depending on the dose and was abolished by tetrodotoxin.	Tetrodotoxin	134-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
6998819-1	1980	The direct effects of an enkephalin analogue, (D-Ala2/MePhe4/Met/(O)-o1) enkephalin (DAMME), on insulin release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat have been investigated.	Methionine	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6998819-1	1980	The direct effects of an enkephalin analogue, (D-Ala2/MePhe4/Met/(O)-o1) enkephalin (DAMME), on insulin release from isolated islets of Langerhans of the rat have been investigated.	Methionine	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
6998819-5	1980	The effects of enkephalin and morphine were blocked by the specific opiate antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (1.2 X 10(-6) mol/l).	Naloxone	86-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
7388600-4	1980	Similar alterations in firing patterns were observed with enkephalin analogues, an effect which was blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone.	Opiate Alkaloids	115-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6108365-7	1980	Met-enkephalin inhibited histamine- but not pentagastrin-stimulated secretion.	Histamine	25-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7378834-13	1980	These data extend the report of ventricular methionine-enkephalin positive reinforcement to DALA injected directly into the lateral hypothalamus.	Methionine	44-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
7388600-4	1980	Similar alterations in firing patterns were observed with enkephalin analogues, an effect which was blocked by the opiate antagonist, naloxone.	Naloxone	134-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7398785-6	1980	If methionine-enkephalin was added directly to a membrane fraction a marked inhibition of incorporation of phosphate into the 50K band was observed.	Phosphates	107-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7399623-8	1980	D-alanine-enkephalin (D-Ala-ENK) attenuated the vagal component of the baroreceptor reflex in cats.	d-ala-enk	22-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6102598-0	1980	Catecholamine modulation of enkephalin-induced electrophysiological responses in cerebral cortex.	Catecholamines	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
7389818-0	1980	Release of methionine-enkephalin immunoreactivity from the rat spinal cord in vivo.	Methionine	11-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7389818-2	1980	Radioimmunoassay for methionine-enkephalin-like activity revealed that the basal levels of release were on the order of 0.4 ng/ml/10 min.	Methionine	21-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6247008-1	1980	Discrete localization of enkephalin immunoreactive sites in the rat forebrain was undertaken using animals with and without colchicine pretreatment.	Colchicine	124-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
7363859-2	1980	Morphine and the opioid peptides [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin have also been shown to decrease dopamine (DA) release by nerve terminals in the median eminence.	Dopamine	112-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
7363859-2	1980	Morphine and the opioid peptides [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin and beta-endorphin have also been shown to decrease dopamine (DA) release by nerve terminals in the median eminence.	Dopamine	122-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
7365695-2	1980	Morphine and metenkephalin produced one of the three following patterns of effects on single units in the mesencephalic reticular formation: 1) morphine but not met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing; 2) met-enkephalin but not morphine blocked evoked firing; and 3) both morphine and met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing.	Morphine	144-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
7365695-2	1980	Morphine and metenkephalin produced one of the three following patterns of effects on single units in the mesencephalic reticular formation: 1) morphine but not met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing; 2) met-enkephalin but not morphine blocked evoked firing; and 3) both morphine and met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing.	Morphine	225-233	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
7365695-2	1980	Morphine and metenkephalin produced one of the three following patterns of effects on single units in the mesencephalic reticular formation: 1) morphine but not met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing; 2) met-enkephalin but not morphine blocked evoked firing; and 3) both morphine and met-enkephalin blocked evoked firing.	Morphine	225-233	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6102598-2	1980	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamines receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions.	Spiperone	99-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6102598-2	1980	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamines receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions.	Flupenthixol	113-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6102598-2	1980	Parenteral administration of antipsychotic agents known to block catecholamines receptors, such as spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol and (+)-butaclamol, reversibly antagonized enkephalin-induced depressions.	Butaclamol	136-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
6991553-5	1980	Immunohistochemical localization of methionine enkephalin fibers and terminals in the median eminence, hypophyseal stalk, and pars nervosa was similar, but not identical to the distribution of vasopressin and oxytocin in these structures.	Methionine	36-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
6244503-3	1980	The results of the present studies support this hypothesis, as we find that a stable enkephalin analogue (D-Ala 2,D-Leu5-enkephalin) inhibits the calcium-dependent release of vasopressin evoked by electrical stimulation of the rat pituitary stalk in vitro.	Calcium	146-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6245752-1	1980	The ontogenesis of opiate receptors in several brain regions of the developing rat was measured by specific binding of [3H]methionine-enkephalin ([3H]Met).	Tritium	120-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
6245752-1	1980	The ontogenesis of opiate receptors in several brain regions of the developing rat was measured by specific binding of [3H]methionine-enkephalin ([3H]Met).	Tritium	147-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
6247000-5	1980	The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, in contrast, caused an increase of the maximal response to met-enkephalin of up to 200%.	Phentolamine	34-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6244503-3	1980	The results of the present studies support this hypothesis, as we find that a stable enkephalin analogue (D-Ala 2,D-Leu5-enkephalin) inhibits the calcium-dependent release of vasopressin evoked by electrical stimulation of the rat pituitary stalk in vitro.	Calcium	146-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
6244503-4	1980	A similar inhibition of the stimulus-evoked vasopressin release is caused by morphine and beta-endorphin, and the inhibitory effects of the enkephalin analogue can be reversed by naloxone.	Naloxone	179-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6999070-2	1980	One of the main degradation products generated during the incubation of enkephalin with rat striatal membranes, the N-terminal amino acid Tyr, is absorbed quantitatively on the copper--Chelex columns whereas the minor, but probably specific, product Tyr--Gly--Gly is not.	amino acid tyr	127-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6999070-2	1980	One of the main degradation products generated during the incubation of enkephalin with rat striatal membranes, the N-terminal amino acid Tyr, is absorbed quantitatively on the copper--Chelex columns whereas the minor, but probably specific, product Tyr--Gly--Gly is not.	Copper	177-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6999070-2	1980	One of the main degradation products generated during the incubation of enkephalin with rat striatal membranes, the N-terminal amino acid Tyr, is absorbed quantitatively on the copper--Chelex columns whereas the minor, but probably specific, product Tyr--Gly--Gly is not.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	250-263	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
6991553-7	1980	In cats treated with colchicine prior to sacrifice, the anti-methionine enkephalin serum revealed a group of periventricular cell bodies.	Colchicine	21-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
7353158-4	1980	Active enkephalin derivatives produced a dose-dependent naloxone-reversible excitation in both preparations whereas inactive enkephalin derivatives had no effect.	Naloxone	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
7353158-9	1980	Finally, enkephalin responses are mimicked by picrotoxin, which selectively antagonizes inhibitory input to the pyramidal neuron.	Picrotoxin	46-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
6153545-7	1980	Somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, caerulein and the enkephalin-analogue FK 33-824 were ineffective in doses 100 fold higher.6 The results indicate that the action of capsaicin on substance P neurones is restricted to primary sensory neurones.	Capsaicin	181-190	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
6153550-0	1980	Redistribution of endorphin and enkephalin immunoreactivity in the rat brain and pituitary after in vivo treatment with colchicine or cytochalasin B.	Colchicine	120-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6153550-0	1980	Redistribution of endorphin and enkephalin immunoreactivity in the rat brain and pituitary after in vivo treatment with colchicine or cytochalasin B.	Cytochalasin B	134-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6244551-0	1980	Selective protection of stereospecific enkephalin and opiate binding against inactivation by N-ethylmaleimide: evidence for two classes of opiate receptors.	Ethylmaleimide	93-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6892802-2	1980	Prior administration of leu-enkelphalin at a dose which had no analgesic effect was found to reduce significantly the analgesic ED50 of both morphine and met-enkephalin.	leu-enkelphalin	24-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
7470737-0	1980	Investigation of action of enkephalin on the spontaneous and evoked release of acetylcholine from rat cortical and striatal slices.	Acetylcholine	79-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
7470737-5	1980	The enkephalin 33,824 also had no significant action on the striatal ACh release except that it caused a slight enhancement of veratridine-evoked release.	Veratridine	127-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7470755-16	1980	In rat vas, however, enkephalin analogues produced pre-junctional inhibition of responses in both portions which could be partly reversed by naloxone; restoration of the adrenergic component was more complete.	Naloxone	141-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
6103516-5	1980	Increases in the evoked release (80%) and striatal enkephalin content (60%) were found in rats after chronic haloperidol administration, pointing to an increase in the synthesis and utilization of striatal enkephalin.	Haloperidol	109-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6103516-5	1980	Increases in the evoked release (80%) and striatal enkephalin content (60%) were found in rats after chronic haloperidol administration, pointing to an increase in the synthesis and utilization of striatal enkephalin.	Haloperidol	109-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	206-216
6255486-5	1980	The effect of GTP and GMP-PNP on the binding of 3H-D-ala-methionine enkephalin to rat brain opiate receptors was studied.	Guanosine Triphosphate	14-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
6255486-5	1980	The effect of GTP and GMP-PNP on the binding of 3H-D-ala-methionine enkephalin to rat brain opiate receptors was studied.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	22-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
6248844-2	1980	In this study the effects of pharmacological manipulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the antinociceptive activity of morphine and two synthetic enkephalin analogus (D-ala2-leu-enkephalin and D-ala2-met-enkephalin) were investigated in mice and rats.	Serotonin	82-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
6248844-4	1980	In the reserpine-pretreated group, centrally injected 5-HT restored the antinociceptive activity of morphine and D-ala2-leu-enkephalin.	Reserpine	7-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6244551-1	1980	Stereospecific binding of 3H-labeled [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin is irreversibly inactivated by the sulfhydryl group alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide.	Tritium	26-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6244551-1	1980	Stereospecific binding of 3H-labeled [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin is irreversibly inactivated by the sulfhydryl group alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide.	Ethylmaleimide	132-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6244551-4	1980	Ouantitative studies of protection demonstrate that naltrexone and morphine are 20 and 8 times, respectively, more effective in protecting the binding of [3H]naltrexone than that of [3H]enkephalin.	Morphine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
6244551-5	1980	[D-Ala2,Leu]Enkephalin and [D-Ala2,Met]enkephalin, however, are more effective (7 and 30 times, respectively) for the protection of 3H-labeled [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	132-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
6771806-1	1980	Acute ethanol administration increased methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) and beta-endorphin levels in distinct areas of the rat brain, whereas chronically supplied ethanol caused a depression of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin levels in most of the brain areas investigated.	Ethanol	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6244551-5	1980	[D-Ala2,Leu]Enkephalin and [D-Ala2,Met]enkephalin, however, are more effective (7 and 30 times, respectively) for the protection of 3H-labeled [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	132-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6771806-1	1980	Acute ethanol administration increased methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) and beta-endorphin levels in distinct areas of the rat brain, whereas chronically supplied ethanol caused a depression of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin levels in most of the brain areas investigated.	Ethanol	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
6771806-1	1980	Acute ethanol administration increased methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) and beta-endorphin levels in distinct areas of the rat brain, whereas chronically supplied ethanol caused a depression of met-enkephalin and beta-endorphin levels in most of the brain areas investigated.	Ethanol	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
6244551-5	1980	[D-Ala2,Leu]Enkephalin and [D-Ala2,Met]enkephalin, however, are more effective (7 and 30 times, respectively) for the protection of 3H-labeled [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	132-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
233159-0	1979	Dopamine-mediated behavior produced by the enkephalin analogue FK 33-824.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6779307-1	1980	The self-administration of D-enkephalin was studied in the dependent rat self-administering morphine.	Morphine	92-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6779307-4	1980	Substitution of D-enkephalin either IVT (40 microgram/inj) or IV (10 mg/kg/inj) in the morphine-dependent rat maintained consistent lever pressing and self-administration behavior similar to morphine self-administration.	Morphine	87-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6779307-6	1980	However, saline substitution (0.05 ml/inj IV) for morphine in the self-administering rat produced an abstinence syndrome characterized by extinction of responding, wet-dog shakes, writhes, and diarrhea, which were reversed for 1 h by a single IVT injection of D-enkephalin (40 or 80 microgram).	Sodium Chloride	9-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	262-272
6779307-6	1980	However, saline substitution (0.05 ml/inj IV) for morphine in the self-administering rat produced an abstinence syndrome characterized by extinction of responding, wet-dog shakes, writhes, and diarrhea, which were reversed for 1 h by a single IVT injection of D-enkephalin (40 or 80 microgram).	Morphine	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	262-272
6779307-7	1980	These results indicate that D-enkephalin will serve as a reinforcer to maintain opiate-seeking behavior and support physical dependence in the rat.	Opiate Alkaloids	80-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
575096-0	1979	Enkephalin levels decrease in rat striatum during morphine abstinence.	Morphine	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
230519-3	1979	In the guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle preparation it is about 700 times more potent than [Leu]enkephalin.	Leucine	96-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
230519-4	1979	Its effects in this tissue are blocked completely by naloxone, but the apparent affinity of naloxone is 1/13th that for blockade of [Leu]enkephalin or normorphine.	Naloxone	92-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
230519-5	1979	In the mouse vas deferens, this peptide is 3 times more potent than [Leu]enkephalin.	Leucine	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
230519-8	1979	The remarkable enhancement of the potency of [Leu]enkephalin by the COOH-terminal extension -Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-OH suggests new interpretations concerning the structure of opiate receptors and the function of the enkephalin pentapeptides.	Arginine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
230519-8	1979	The remarkable enhancement of the potency of [Leu]enkephalin by the COOH-terminal extension -Arg-Arg-Ile-Arg-Pro-Lys-Leu-Lys-OH suggests new interpretations concerning the structure of opiate receptors and the function of the enkephalin pentapeptides.	Arginine	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
7443728-5	1980	Raising the concentration of potassium ions stimulated the release of met- and leu-enkephalin from striatal slices and the release of beta-endorphin immunoreactive material(s) from hypothalamic slices; both phenomena were dependent upon the presence of calcium ions.	Potassium	29-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7443728-11	1980	Long-term morphine treatment (30 days) decreased enkephalin and beta-endorphin content in some brain areas and in the intermediate/posterior pituitary lobe but not in the anterior lobe.	Morphine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
522892-0	1979	Rapid changes in enkephalin levels in rat striatum and hypothalamus induced by diazepam.	Diazepam	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
119252-0	1979	Enkephalin-induced myoclonic twitches blocked by ergometrine and potentiated by haloperidol.	Ergonovine	49-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
119252-0	1979	Enkephalin-induced myoclonic twitches blocked by ergometrine and potentiated by haloperidol.	Haloperidol	80-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
119252-3	1979	The twitches induced by enkephalin were blocked by naloxone, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and ergometrine, but potentiated by haloperidol.	Naloxone	51-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
119252-3	1979	The twitches induced by enkephalin were blocked by naloxone, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and ergometrine, but potentiated by haloperidol.	Sodium Oxybate	61-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
119252-3	1979	The twitches induced by enkephalin were blocked by naloxone, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and ergometrine, but potentiated by haloperidol.	Ergonovine	88-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
119252-3	1979	The twitches induced by enkephalin were blocked by naloxone, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, and ergometrine, but potentiated by haloperidol.	Haloperidol	120-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
119252-5	1979	These results were interpreted as a possibility for a specific enkephalin-induced activation of the so-called inhibition-mediating dopaminergic system, which is sensitive to the blocking action of ergometrine, but resistant to the blocking action of haloperidol.	Ergonovine	197-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
119252-5	1979	These results were interpreted as a possibility for a specific enkephalin-induced activation of the so-called inhibition-mediating dopaminergic system, which is sensitive to the blocking action of ergometrine, but resistant to the blocking action of haloperidol.	Haloperidol	250-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
522892-2	1979	Diazepam selectively increased the enkephalin concentrations in the hypothalamus by about 35%, and lowered it in the corpus striatum by roughly 25%; no changes could be detected in the medulla oblongata/pons or midbrain.	Diazepam	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
522892-7	1979	Whereas an increase in enkephalin concentrations in the hypothalamus may be discussed in terms of the anti-stress effect of benzodiazepines, the observed drop in striatal enkephalin is not obviously to be correlated to behavioural changes induced by these drugs.	Benzodiazepines	124-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
40808-5	1979	In the neostriatum, enkephalin immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies as well as nerve terminals disappeared after injection of ibotenic acid into this nucleus.	Ibotenic Acid	125-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
522892-1	1979	The acute treatment of rats with diazepam induces pronounced changes in brain enkephalin concentrations, as was estimated for methionine(met)-enkephalin and in some representative experiments for leucine(leu)-enkephalin, employing highly specific radioimmunoassays.	Diazepam	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
522892-1	1979	The acute treatment of rats with diazepam induces pronounced changes in brain enkephalin concentrations, as was estimated for methionine(met)-enkephalin and in some representative experiments for leucine(leu)-enkephalin, employing highly specific radioimmunoassays.	Diazepam	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
522892-1	1979	The acute treatment of rats with diazepam induces pronounced changes in brain enkephalin concentrations, as was estimated for methionine(met)-enkephalin and in some representative experiments for leucine(leu)-enkephalin, employing highly specific radioimmunoassays.	Diazepam	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
460727-0	1979	Enkephalin levels in rat brain after various regimens of morphine administration.	Morphine	57-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
503254-0	1979	Inhibition of PGE1 induced intestinal secretion by the synthetic enkephalin analogue FK 33-824.	Alprostadil	14-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
523678-4	1979	The peptidase-resistant enkephalin-analog, BW 180c, which does not cross the blood brain barrier, caused a marked analgesia by IP administration to paws made hyperalgesic by PGE2 or carrageenin.	Dinoprostone	174-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
37915-2	1979	This enzyme cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine from Leu-enkephalin and hydrolyzes some beta-naphthylamides and p-nitro-anilides of neutral, basic and aromatic, but not acidic, amino acids.	Tyrosine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
37915-2	1979	This enzyme cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine from Leu-enkephalin and hydrolyzes some beta-naphthylamides and p-nitro-anilides of neutral, basic and aromatic, but not acidic, amino acids.	2-naphthylamide	84-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
37915-2	1979	This enzyme cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine from Leu-enkephalin and hydrolyzes some beta-naphthylamides and p-nitro-anilides of neutral, basic and aromatic, but not acidic, amino acids.	p-nitro-anilides	108-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
222892-9	1979	Likewise, morphine-tolerant rats were cross-tolerant to D-enkephalin.	Morphine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
460727-1	1979	Rats implanted with a single morphine pellet for a short period of 72 h have been shown to have a lower concentration of enkephalin in the brain, as determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) detecting Leu- and Met-enkephalin as well as another endogenous substance.	Morphine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
460727-1	1979	Rats implanted with a single morphine pellet for a short period of 72 h have been shown to have a lower concentration of enkephalin in the brain, as determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) detecting Leu- and Met-enkephalin as well as another endogenous substance.	Morphine	29-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
460727-1	1979	Rats implanted with a single morphine pellet for a short period of 72 h have been shown to have a lower concentration of enkephalin in the brain, as determined by a radioimmunoassay (RIA) detecting Leu- and Met-enkephalin as well as another endogenous substance.	Leucine	198-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
437076-0	1979	[Effect of droperidol, aminazine and diazepam on the analgesic activity of leucine-enkephalin].	Droperidol	11-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
217503-1	1979	Enkephalin immunoreactive perikarya, fibers and nerve terminals, visualized by the indirect immunohistofluorescent method in colchicine-pretreated animals, are localized in many discrete regions of the rat brain stem.	Colchicine	125-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Etorphine	78-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Etorphine	78-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	318-328
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Levorphanol	89-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Levorphanol	89-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	318-328
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Phenazocine	105-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
220062-2	1979	Whereas opiate antagonists, as well as the opioid peptides and some agonists (etorphine, levorphanol and phenazocine) display similar affinities in displacing either 3H-opiate or 3H-methionine enkephalin binding, other agonists (such as morphine and oxymorphone) are considerably (20-50 times) weaker in displacing 3H-enkephalin than 3H-dihydromorphine binding.	Phenazocine	105-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	318-328
218682-9	1979	Although non-specific, the excitatory effects of enkephalin and morphine on hippocampal neurones were greatly reduced in morphine tolerant/dependent rats.	Morphine	121-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
221899-1	1979	Covalently bound [3H]D-Ala2,Met5-enkephalinamide- and 125I-labeled D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Met-(O)5-ol-enkephalin-macromolecule complexes have been prepared by crosslinking the solubilized noncovalent complexes from rat brain.	Tritium	18-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
221899-1	1979	Covalently bound [3H]D-Ala2,Met5-enkephalinamide- and 125I-labeled D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Met-(O)5-ol-enkephalin-macromolecule complexes have been prepared by crosslinking the solubilized noncovalent complexes from rat brain.	n-me-phe4	74-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
221899-2	1979	Gel electrophoresis of the partially purified 125I-labeled enkephalin-macromolecule complex under nondenaturing conditions results in a single major/radioactive peak.	Iodine-125	46-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
437076-0	1979	[Effect of droperidol, aminazine and diazepam on the analgesic activity of leucine-enkephalin].	Chlorpromazine	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
437076-0	1979	[Effect of droperidol, aminazine and diazepam on the analgesic activity of leucine-enkephalin].	Diazepam	37-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
437076-1	1979	In experiments on rats it was shown that the neuroleptics droperidol (0.6 mg/kg) and aminazin (10 mg/kg) can potentiate the analgetic action of the endogenous morphine-like pentapeptide leucin-enkephalin administered into the brain ventricles at a dose of 50 micrograms.	Droperidol	58-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
437076-1	1979	In experiments on rats it was shown that the neuroleptics droperidol (0.6 mg/kg) and aminazin (10 mg/kg) can potentiate the analgetic action of the endogenous morphine-like pentapeptide leucin-enkephalin administered into the brain ventricles at a dose of 50 micrograms.	Chlorpromazine	85-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
437076-1	1979	In experiments on rats it was shown that the neuroleptics droperidol (0.6 mg/kg) and aminazin (10 mg/kg) can potentiate the analgetic action of the endogenous morphine-like pentapeptide leucin-enkephalin administered into the brain ventricles at a dose of 50 micrograms.	Morphine	159-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
437076-2	1979	A statistically significant increase in the analgetic activity lf leucin-enkephalin given at a dose of 100 micrograms was induced only by droperidol.	Droperidol	138-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
437076-4	1979	Naloxon (2 mg/kg) removed the analgetic effect of leuchin-enkephalin administered both alone and after a preliminary injection od droperidol or aminazin.	Naloxone	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
379712-3	1979	However 10(-5)--10(-5) M synthetic enkephalin analogue induced a dose-dependent inhibition of LH-RH content and release of the mediobasal hypothalamus, which was prevented by equimolar concentrations of naloxone.	Naloxone	203-211	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
731437-0	1978	In vivo antagonism by naloxone of morphine, beta-endorphin and a synthetic enkephalin analog.	Naloxone	22-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	d-met2	96-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	pro5-enkephalinamide	104-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Dopamine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Dopamine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Dopamine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Dopamine	187-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	210-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	210-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	210-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
214205-2	1979	Morphine, etorphine, and several enkephalin analogs (met-enkephalin, D-ala2-met-enkephalin, and D-met2, pro5-enkephalinamide) were capable of inhibiting the stimulation of AC produced by dopamine (90-100% with etorphine or D-ala2-met-enkephalin).	Etorphine	210-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
282060-7	1978	Propranolol treatment reduced the increases in blood pressure following intraventricular methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, while only the methionine-enkephalin-induced increases in heart rate were reduced by propranolol.	Propranolol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
282060-7	1978	Propranolol treatment reduced the increases in blood pressure following intraventricular methionine-enkephalin and leucine-enkephalin, while only the methionine-enkephalin-induced increases in heart rate were reduced by propranolol.	Propranolol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
720481-0	1978	Effect of the administration of (d-Ala) 2methionine-enkephalin on the serotonin metabolism in rat brain.	Serotonin	70-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
34108-13	1979	Physalaemin and D-Ala2-D-Met5-enkephalin enhance the binding of 125I-Tyr8-SP in a cooperative way.	125i-tyr8-sp	64-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
275866-0	1978	[Met5]Enkephalin content in brain regions of rats treated with lithium.	Lithium	63-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
702326-8	1978	The EEG voltage output during morphine or D-enkephalin-induced EEG slow-wave activity was dose-dependent and was correlated with the behavioral state of the rat.	Morphine	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
702326-10	1978	The effects of D-enkephalin and morphine were antagonized by pretreatment with naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.).	Naloxone	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
81768-6	1978	The endogenous opiate compound enkephalin and the synthetic analogue D-ala2-met5-encamide also induced electrocortical changes which were naloxone sensitive.	Naloxone	138-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
213743-3	1978	Drugs which increase brain enkephalin content (d-phenylalanine or methionine-enkephalin) antagonized postsynaptically active agents and potentiated presynaptic agents.	D-phenylalanine	47-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
733838-1	1978	Enkephalin and other brain peptides previously have been shown to be active in the dopa potentiation test which may be considered an animal model of mental depression.	Dihydroxyphenylalanine	83-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
277953-4	1978	The degradation of trace amounts of synthetic [(3)H]enkephalins in the perfusing medium during stimulated release seems to reflect the accelerated degradation of enkephalin released from the tissue: 63% of the Met-enkephalin and 23% of the Leu-enkephalin were degraded in a medium containing bacitracin (30 mug/ml).	Bacitracin	292-302	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
277953-4	1978	The degradation of trace amounts of synthetic [(3)H]enkephalins in the perfusing medium during stimulated release seems to reflect the accelerated degradation of enkephalin released from the tissue: 63% of the Met-enkephalin and 23% of the Leu-enkephalin were degraded in a medium containing bacitracin (30 mug/ml).	Bacitracin	292-302	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
277953-4	1978	The degradation of trace amounts of synthetic [(3)H]enkephalins in the perfusing medium during stimulated release seems to reflect the accelerated degradation of enkephalin released from the tissue: 63% of the Met-enkephalin and 23% of the Leu-enkephalin were degraded in a medium containing bacitracin (30 mug/ml).	Bacitracin	292-302	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
275866-1	1978	In rats, chronic treatment with lithium elicits a dose-dependent increase in the [Met5]enkephalin content of nucleus caudatus and globus pallidus.	Lithium	32-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
647397-0	1978	Different effects of methionine-enkephalin and (D-Ala2)methionine-enkephalin amide on the metabolism of dopamine and norephinephrine in rat brain:fact or artifact?	Dopamine	104-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
647397-0	1978	Different effects of methionine-enkephalin and (D-Ala2)methionine-enkephalin amide on the metabolism of dopamine and norephinephrine in rat brain:fact or artifact?	norephinephrine	117-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
647397-0	1978	Different effects of methionine-enkephalin and (D-Ala2)methionine-enkephalin amide on the metabolism of dopamine and norephinephrine in rat brain:fact or artifact?	norephinephrine	117-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
658122-1	1978	Methionine-enkephalin (0.2--20 microgram/rat) and leucine-enkephalin (1--20 microgram/rat) produced a dose-related and naloxone-antagonizable analgesia in the tail-pinch test, when microinjected into the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC) and nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG) of the medulla oblongata of the rat.	Naloxone	119-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Morphine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Morphine	93-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Naloxone	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Morphine	93-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
206309-4	1978	Naloxone administered into the same region antagonized this action of morphine.5 Intravenous morphine also antagonized responses of dorsal horn neurones to noxious stimuli and subsequent intravenous naloxone reversed this effect.6 It was concluded that the excitatory and inhibitory effects of morphine and enkephalin on central neurones may be mediated by actions on different opiate receptors and that depression of noxious responses of dorsal horn neurones may be relevant to the analgesic action of morphine.	Morphine	93-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	307-317
275866-3	1978	The increase in [Met5]enkephalin caused by chronic lithium is proportional to the serum lithium level.	Lithium	51-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
275866-3	1978	The increase in [Met5]enkephalin caused by chronic lithium is proportional to the serum lithium level.	Lithium	88-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
275866-7	1978	Lithium also increases striatal [Leu5]enkephalin content by an extent equal to the increase of [Met 5]enkephalin.	Lithium	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
275866-8	1978	Based on the characteristics of the lithium-induced increase in [Met6]enkephalin content, it is proposed that lithium may reduce the rate of release of [Met5]enkephalin from the small enkephalinergic neurons that are intrinsic to the striatum; this action may be related to a change in the regulation of striatal neurons.	Lithium	36-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
275866-8	1978	Based on the characteristics of the lithium-induced increase in [Met6]enkephalin content, it is proposed that lithium may reduce the rate of release of [Met5]enkephalin from the small enkephalinergic neurons that are intrinsic to the striatum; this action may be related to a change in the regulation of striatal neurons.	Lithium	36-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
275866-8	1978	Based on the characteristics of the lithium-induced increase in [Met6]enkephalin content, it is proposed that lithium may reduce the rate of release of [Met5]enkephalin from the small enkephalinergic neurons that are intrinsic to the striatum; this action may be related to a change in the regulation of striatal neurons.	Lithium	110-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
275866-8	1978	Based on the characteristics of the lithium-induced increase in [Met6]enkephalin content, it is proposed that lithium may reduce the rate of release of [Met5]enkephalin from the small enkephalinergic neurons that are intrinsic to the striatum; this action may be related to a change in the regulation of striatal neurons.	Lithium	110-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
663409-1	1978	Two enzyme resistant analogs of methionine enkephalin (H-Try-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH) have been synthesized and tested for morphine-like properties in the stimulated guinea pig ileum, rat tail-flick, mouse tail-flick and for stability in whole brain homogenates.	h-try-gly-gly-phe-met-oh	55-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
663409-1	1978	Two enzyme resistant analogs of methionine enkephalin (H-Try-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH) have been synthesized and tested for morphine-like properties in the stimulated guinea pig ileum, rat tail-flick, mouse tail-flick and for stability in whole brain homogenates.	Morphine	118-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
204498-6	1978	At 26 degrees C, 0.1--1.0 mM manganese but not magnesium or calcium increases the binding of 3H-methionine enkephalin, while at 0 degrees C manganese decreases the binding of methionine enkephalin.	Manganese	140-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
209425-0	1978	Increase by enkephalin of acetylcholine release from striatal slices of the rat.	Acetylcholine	26-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
639850-1	1978	The rate of release of enkephalin from rat striatal slices increased 7--10 fold in response to depolarization by 50 mM potassium ions in vitro.	Potassium	119-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
204498-3	1978	3H-Methionine enkephalin associates and dissociates from the opiate receptor with 8--10 fold slower kinetics than 3H-opiates.	Tritium	0-2	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
201319-6	1977	The observed configurational specificity was compared with the stringency that would be predicted to occur if enkephalin adopted certain hydrogen-bonded conformations at the receptor.	Hydrogen	137-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
204498-4	1978	Though several opiates have similar affinities for sites labeled by 3H-methionine enkephalin, 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone, some opiates such as morphine, dihydromorphine and oxymorphone are only one tenth as potent in competing for 3H-methionine enkephalin as for 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Oxymorphone	181-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
204498-4	1978	Though several opiates have similar affinities for sites labeled by 3H-methionine enkephalin, 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone, some opiates such as morphine, dihydromorphine and oxymorphone are only one tenth as potent in competing for 3H-methionine enkephalin as for 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	3h-dihydromorphine	271-289	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
204498-4	1978	Though several opiates have similar affinities for sites labeled by 3H-methionine enkephalin, 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone, some opiates such as morphine, dihydromorphine and oxymorphone are only one tenth as potent in competing for 3H-methionine enkephalin as for 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	3h-naloxone	294-305	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
204498-5	1978	As with other opiate agonists, 5--10 mM sodium selectively decreases the binding of 3H-methionine enkephalin.	Sodium	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
204498-6	1978	At 26 degrees C, 0.1--1.0 mM manganese but not magnesium or calcium increases the binding of 3H-methionine enkephalin, while at 0 degrees C manganese decreases the binding of methionine enkephalin.	Manganese	29-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
204498-6	1978	At 26 degrees C, 0.1--1.0 mM manganese but not magnesium or calcium increases the binding of 3H-methionine enkephalin, while at 0 degrees C manganese decreases the binding of methionine enkephalin.	Manganese	29-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
639364-0	1978	Modification of brain biogenic amines by met5-enkephalin amide in the rat.	Amines	31-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
639364-6	1978	All doses of met5-enkephalin amide (150,200 and 600 microgram) and morphine (134 and 200 microgram) increased the brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, whereas only the large doses modified the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin.	Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid	130-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
639364-6	1978	All doses of met5-enkephalin amide (150,200 and 600 microgram) and morphine (134 and 200 microgram) increased the brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, whereas only the large doses modified the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin.	Norepinephrine	210-223	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
639364-6	1978	All doses of met5-enkephalin amide (150,200 and 600 microgram) and morphine (134 and 200 microgram) increased the brain levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, whereas only the large doses modified the levels of noradrenaline and serotonin.	Serotonin	228-237	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
639364-8	1978	The similarity of the effects of these two compounds indicates that morphine may act through an enkephalin-like mechanism.	Morphine	68-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
563332-0	1977	Enkephalin: radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay in morphine dependent rats.	Morphine	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
909611-2	1977	In rat brain slices preincubated with various radiolabelled putative neurotransmitters, methionine-enkephalin diminished the potassium-evoked release of dopamine and acetylcholine.	Potassium	125-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
909611-2	1977	In rat brain slices preincubated with various radiolabelled putative neurotransmitters, methionine-enkephalin diminished the potassium-evoked release of dopamine and acetylcholine.	Dopamine	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
909611-2	1977	In rat brain slices preincubated with various radiolabelled putative neurotransmitters, methionine-enkephalin diminished the potassium-evoked release of dopamine and acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	166-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
190683-1	1977	Intraventricular administration of the enkephalin analog, [D-Ala2]-metenkephalin, induces profound and long-lasting analgesia, as well as other opiate-like behavioral effects in the rat.	[d-ala2]-metenkephalin	58-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
19604966-1	1977	With the indirect immunofluorescence technique the distribution of methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies was studied in the central nervous system of rats pretreated with colchicine.	Methionine	67-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
19604966-1	1977	With the indirect immunofluorescence technique the distribution of methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies was studied in the central nervous system of rats pretreated with colchicine.	Colchicine	182-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
193169-1	1977	The binding of 3H-enkephalin (methionine-enkephalin) to membranes of rat brain is inhibited by enkephalin and levorphanol with IC50 values of 5 and 1.6 nM, respectively.	Levorphanol	110-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
193169-1	1977	The binding of 3H-enkephalin (methionine-enkephalin) to membranes of rat brain is inhibited by enkephalin and levorphanol with IC50 values of 5 and 1.6 nM, respectively.	Levorphanol	110-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
193169-1	1977	The binding of 3H-enkephalin (methionine-enkephalin) to membranes of rat brain is inhibited by enkephalin and levorphanol with IC50 values of 5 and 1.6 nM, respectively.	Levorphanol	110-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
193169-3	1977	Opiate agonists, morphine, dihydromorphine and l-methadone and opiate antagonists, naltrexone and naloxone are less effective inhibitors of 3H-enkephalin than in 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Morphine	17-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
193169-3	1977	Opiate agonists, morphine, dihydromorphine and l-methadone and opiate antagonists, naltrexone and naloxone are less effective inhibitors of 3H-enkephalin than in 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Dihydromorphine	27-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
193169-3	1977	Opiate agonists, morphine, dihydromorphine and l-methadone and opiate antagonists, naltrexone and naloxone are less effective inhibitors of 3H-enkephalin than in 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Levomethadone	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
193169-3	1977	Opiate agonists, morphine, dihydromorphine and l-methadone and opiate antagonists, naltrexone and naloxone are less effective inhibitors of 3H-enkephalin than in 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Naltrexone	83-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
193169-3	1977	Opiate agonists, morphine, dihydromorphine and l-methadone and opiate antagonists, naltrexone and naloxone are less effective inhibitors of 3H-enkephalin than in 3H-dihydromorphine and 3H-naloxone binding.	Naloxone	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Opiate Alkaloids	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Oxygen	29-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Morphine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Levorphanol	84-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Benzomorphans	104-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
193169-4	1977	However, opiates without the oxygen bridge as in the structure of morphine, such as levorphanol and the benzomorphans show affinities for the receptors of 3H-enkephalin equal or greater than their affinities for the receptors of 3H-opiates.	Tritium	155-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
954850-0	1976	Enkephalin: a potential modulator of noradrenaline release in rat brain.	Norepinephrine	37-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
974367-10	1976	6 It is suggested that (a) morphine and naloxone act at a subcortical site, probably the medial thalamus, to modify the cortical ACh release and that (b) naloxone may facilitate the electrically-induced release of ACh in the CNS by antagonizing the effect of the endogenous morphine-like factor, enkephalin.	Morphine	27-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
974367-10	1976	6 It is suggested that (a) morphine and naloxone act at a subcortical site, probably the medial thalamus, to modify the cortical ACh release and that (b) naloxone may facilitate the electrically-induced release of ACh in the CNS by antagonizing the effect of the endogenous morphine-like factor, enkephalin.	Naloxone	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
974367-10	1976	6 It is suggested that (a) morphine and naloxone act at a subcortical site, probably the medial thalamus, to modify the cortical ACh release and that (b) naloxone may facilitate the electrically-induced release of ACh in the CNS by antagonizing the effect of the endogenous morphine-like factor, enkephalin.	Naloxone	154-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	296-306
61819-11	1976	The identity of the quinacrine-positive fibers is discussed with respect to recent suggestions that "purinergic", substance P, enkephalin, and somatosin-containing nerves, in addition to adrenergic and cholinergic nerves, are present in the gut wall.	Quinacrine	20-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
1034220-3	1976	Rats made tolerant to morphine by repeated pellet implantation proved cross-tolerant to the pituitary extract as well as to synthetic methionine-enkephalin.	Morphine	22-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
15625864-5	1976	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was 90-95% reduced, thus indicating the agonist properties of the peptide.	Sodium Chloride	26-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
15625864-5	1976	In the presence of 100 mM NaCl, binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was 90-95% reduced, thus indicating the agonist properties of the peptide.	Tritium	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
15625864-6	1976	The highly stereospecific binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was evidenced by the 10,000-fold greater potency of levorphanol than its analgesically inactive enantiomer dextrorphan to compete for [3H] met-enkephalin binding.	Levorphanol	109-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
15625864-6	1976	The highly stereospecific binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was evidenced by the 10,000-fold greater potency of levorphanol than its analgesically inactive enantiomer dextrorphan to compete for [3H] met-enkephalin binding.	Levorphanol	109-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
15625864-6	1976	The highly stereospecific binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was evidenced by the 10,000-fold greater potency of levorphanol than its analgesically inactive enantiomer dextrorphan to compete for [3H] met-enkephalin binding.	Dextrorphan	164-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
15625864-6	1976	The highly stereospecific binding of [3H] met-enkephalin was evidenced by the 10,000-fold greater potency of levorphanol than its analgesically inactive enantiomer dextrorphan to compete for [3H] met-enkephalin binding.	Dextrorphan	164-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
986560-0	1976	Elevated levels of enkephalin in morphine-dependent rats.	Morphine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
954850-1	1976	In slices of rat occipital cortex preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, methioine-enkephalin diminished the overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field stimulation or by 20 mM potassium.	3h-noradrenaline	52-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
954850-1	1976	In slices of rat occipital cortex preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, methioine-enkephalin diminished the overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field stimulation or by 20 mM potassium.	Tritium	118-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
954850-1	1976	In slices of rat occipital cortex preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline, methioine-enkephalin diminished the overflow of tritium evoked by electrical field stimulation or by 20 mM potassium.	Potassium	177-186	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
32826750-5	2021	The concentration of PENK-derived pronociceptive peptides was increased more robustly than that of Met-enkephalin in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord of CCI-exposed rats, as shown by mass spectrometry, and the pronociceptive effect of one of these peptides was blocked by an antagonist of the melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor.	CCI	155-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
183126-0	1976	Enkephalin and opiate narcotics increase cyclic GMP accumulation in slices of rat neostriatum.	Cyclic GMP	41-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
33829293-0	2021	Saccharin and naltrexone prevent increased pain sensitivity and impaired long-term memory induced by repetitive neonatal noxious stimulation: role of BDNF and enkephalin.	Saccharin	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
33667516-5	2021	Pre-treatment with the deltaOR agonist [D-ala2, D-leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) improved the neurologic deficits and the decreased infarct volume caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which were blocked by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and the MMP inhibitor GM6001, respectively.	RTKI cpd	230-236	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
33667516-5	2021	Pre-treatment with the deltaOR agonist [D-ala2, D-leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) improved the neurologic deficits and the decreased infarct volume caused by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, which were blocked by the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 and the MMP inhibitor GM6001, respectively.	N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide	259-265	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
33165198-7	2020	After recovery, animals were tested following NAc injections of saline or the micro-opioid agonist [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.025 microg/side), combined with varying doses of EX4 (0, 0.05, or 0.10 microg/side) or EX9 (0, 2.5, 5.0 microg/side), counterbalanced across 6 testing days.	n-mephe	107-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
32606204-6	2020	In rat brain slices containing the intercalated cells, we found that inhibition of glutamate release by a submaximal concentration of enkephalin was doubled by application of all three peptidase inhibitors combined.	Glutamic Acid	83-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
32184167-0	2020	Let-7b-5p promotes electroacupuncture tolerance by downregulating Penk1 gene in CFA-induced inflammatory nociception rats.	3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline	80-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
32568844-10	2020	The micro-opioid receptor agonist (D-ALA2,N-ME-PHE4,GLY5-OL)-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO) decreased mechanical thresholds and did not affect heat-evoked withdrawal latencies in morphine-infused animals.	n-me-phe4	42-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
32568844-10	2020	The micro-opioid receptor agonist (D-ALA2,N-ME-PHE4,GLY5-OL)-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO) decreased mechanical thresholds and did not affect heat-evoked withdrawal latencies in morphine-infused animals.	gly5-ol	52-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
32568844-10	2020	The micro-opioid receptor agonist (D-ALA2,N-ME-PHE4,GLY5-OL)-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO) decreased mechanical thresholds and did not affect heat-evoked withdrawal latencies in morphine-infused animals.	Morphine	175-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
32593790-5	2020	Mu-opioid receptor expression, measured by [3H] ([D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin) (DAMGO), showed no effect of exercise while showing an effect of sex, with increased [3H] DAMGO binding in the brains of sedentary males compared to that of sedentary females.	Tritium	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
32730947-8	2020	In the CPu, cocaine self-administration significantly increased the mRNA levels of Penk and Pdyn and abolished the mRNA levels of Pomc.	Cocaine	12-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
31842282-7	2019	Substitution of the meta-position of Phe4 of Leu5-enkephalin provided high-affinity ligands with varying levels of selectivity and bias at both the deltaOR and microOR and improved peptide stability, while substitution with picoline derivatives produced lower-affinity ligands with G protein biases at both receptors.	Picolines	224-232	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
31794788-19	2020	CONCLUSIONS: RYZBP has the potential to be an effective anti-migraine treatment through suppressing the EEG pain-wave, increasing the levels of SP, PENK, DORR and reducing expression of CCK and CGRP.	ryzbp	13-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
30666890-0	2019	Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin (DADLE) Exerts a Cytoprotective Effect in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Inducing Autophagy.	delta opioid peptide	0-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
31001801-9	2019	Overall, several genes-Oxt, Pdyn, Penk, Pomc, Pth, Tac1, and Tgfb1-encoding for peptides/hormones stand out as top candidates to explain the therapeutic benefit of vitamin D3 supplementation.	Cholecalciferol	164-174	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
31220675-1	2019	In order to obtain novel pharmacological tools and to investigate a multitargeting analgesic strategy, the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonist JWH-018 was conjugated with the opiate analgesic oxycodone or with an enkephalin related tetrapeptide.	1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole	148-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
30666890-0	2019	Delta Opioid Peptide [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] Enkephalin (DADLE) Exerts a Cytoprotective Effect in Astrocytes Exposed to Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation by Inducing Autophagy.	oxygen-glucose	113-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
28144772-3	2017	We have recently identified a combination treatment of a mu opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone and a delta opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2-,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol Enkephalin (DPDPE) increases innate immune function.	d-ala2-,n-me-phe4	134-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
30499309-4	2018	Bilateral activation of RVLM micro-opioid receptors with [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (8 mM, 50 nl) depressed adrenal sympathetic nerve activity for ~60 min ( n = 6; Delta49.9 +- 5.8%, P &lt; 0.05).	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	57-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
29452071-13	2018	Moreover, KN-93 treatment reduced the expression of Arc and Penk, two immediate early genes, induced by chronic L-dopa.	KN 93	10-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
29452071-13	2018	Moreover, KN-93 treatment reduced the expression of Arc and Penk, two immediate early genes, induced by chronic L-dopa.	Levodopa	112-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
29447951-5	2018	The rFP is abolished by blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 50 nM) or gap junctions with mefloquine (100 muM) and activating mu-opioid receptors with [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 muM).	Tetrodotoxin	79-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
30943058-5	2019	In rats with patent arteries or ligated femoral arteries, [d-Pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE), a delta-opioid agonist injected intrathecally (10 mug in 10 mul), significantly attenuated the pressor responses to contraction, stretch, and lactic acid (all P < 0.05).	Lactic Acid	230-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
30949500-5	2019	In vitro studies were performed using rat primary hippocampal neurons and the results showed that enkephalin decreased p53 and caspase-3 levels to 47.6% and 67.2%, respectively, compared to neurons treated with glutamate, thus inhibiting neuron apoptosis caused by glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	265-274	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
30949500-7	2019	The results showed that tar-exo-enkephalin crossed the blood brain barrier (BBB) and decreased the levels of LDH, p53, caspase-3, and NO by 41.9, 52.6, 45.5, and 57.9% compared to the tMCAO rats, respectively.	tmcao	184-189	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
30949500-8	2019	In addition, tar-exo-enkephalin improved brain neuron density and neurological score after tMCAO.	tmcao	91-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
30281326-4	2018	Bilateral activation of RVLM micro-opioid receptors with [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (8 mM, 50 nl) depressed adrenal sympathetic nerve activity for ~60 min ( n = 6; Delta49.9 +- 5.8%, P &lt; 0.05).	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	57-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
27889070-0	2017	Prenatal ethanol exposure modifies locomotor activity and induces selective changes in Met-enk expression in adolescent rats.	Ethanol	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
28509375-1	2017	Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward.	Nicotine	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-104
28509375-1	2017	Delta and kappa opioid receptors (DOR and KOR, respectively) and their endogenous ligands, proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN)-derived opioid peptides are proposed as important mediators of nicotine reward.	Nicotine	199-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
28509375-2	2017	This study investigated the regulatory effect of chronic nicotine treatment on the gene expression of DOR, KOR, PENK and PDYN in the mesocorticolimbic system.	Nicotine	57-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
27889070-4	2017	This work assessed the susceptibility of adolescent rats to prenatal and/or postnatal ethanol exposure in terms of behavioral responses, as well as alcohol effects on Met-enk expression in brain areas related to drug reinforcement.	Alcohols	148-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
27841313-0	2016	Increased expression of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs in the nucleus accumbens of compulsive methamphetamine taking rats.	Methamphetamine	100-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-37
27725218-6	2016	[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin acetate salt (DAMGO), an MOR agonist, reduced uIPSC amplitude by 74% in fast-spiking GABAergic interneuron (FS) FS connections without a significant effect on FS pyramidal cell (Pyr) connections.	n-me-phe4	8-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
27725218-9	2016	The DOR agonist, [D-Pen2,5]-Enkephalin hydrate (DPDPE), reduced uIPSC amplitude by 39% in FS FS and by 49% in FS Pyr connections, which was antagonized by the DOR antagonist, naltrindole.	naltrindole	175-186	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
27841313-10	2016	Because PDYN and PENK are expressed in dopamine D1- and D2-containing NAc neurons, respectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms, which impact both cell types may play a role in the regulation of compulsive methamphetamine taking by rats.	Dopamine	39-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
27841313-10	2016	Because PDYN and PENK are expressed in dopamine D1- and D2-containing NAc neurons, respectively, these findings suggest that mechanisms, which impact both cell types may play a role in the regulation of compulsive methamphetamine taking by rats.	Methamphetamine	214-229	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
26044638-4	2015	Furthermore, we demonstrated that MP-10 induced egr-1 expression was distributed evenly between enkephalin-containing D2-neurons and substance P-containing D1-neurons.	2-((4-(1-methyl-4-pyridin-4-yl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenoxy)methyl)quinoline	34-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
27610039-2	2016	In this study, we examined whether a micro-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), affects the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) current in rat SG neurons using a slice whole-cell patch clamp technique.	n-me-phe4	67-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
27610039-2	2016	In this study, we examined whether a micro-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), affects the two-pore domain K(+) channel (K2P) current in rat SG neurons using a slice whole-cell patch clamp technique.	gly5-ol	78-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
27517088-7	2016	Using similar EtOH and nicotine pretreatment methods resulted in increased paired-pulse ratios of evoked EPSCs in enkephalin-positive medium spiny neurons in DLS slices.	Ethanol	14-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
27517088-7	2016	Using similar EtOH and nicotine pretreatment methods resulted in increased paired-pulse ratios of evoked EPSCs in enkephalin-positive medium spiny neurons in DLS slices.	Nicotine	23-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
27232517-0	2016	Protective effect of delta opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2, D-Leu5) enkephalin on permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats.	d-leu5	60-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
27232517-1	2016	To investigate the effect of delta opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala, D-Leu) enkephalin (DADLE) on the permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats.	D-LEUCINE	67-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
26777278-8	2016	Moreover, gene expression level of Pdyn, Penk, Oprk, and Oprm in the DS was significantly correlated with cocaine intake only in Fischer rats.	Cocaine	106-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
26611918-0	2016	Enkephalin analogues with N-phenyl-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)propionamide derivatives: Synthesis and biological evaluations.	n-phenyl-n-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)propionamide	26-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
26611918-2	2016	Two series of hybrid molecules bearing N-phenyl-N-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)propionamide derived small molecules conjugated with an enkephalin analogues with and without a linker (beta-alanine) were designed and synthesized.	n-phenyl-n-(piperidin-2-ylmethyl)propionamide	39-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
26611918-4	2016	The replacement of Tyr with Dmt and introduction of a linker between the small molecule and enkephalin analogue resulted in highly potent ligands.	Tyrosine	19-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
26611918-4	2016	The replacement of Tyr with Dmt and introduction of a linker between the small molecule and enkephalin analogue resulted in highly potent ligands.	dmt	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
27072528-0	2016	Enkephalin and dynorphin neuropeptides are differently correlated with locomotor hypersensitivity and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats.	Levodopa	102-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
27071073-9	2016	DCS decreased the Egr-1 labeling in the PAG and DHSC as well as the immunoreactivity of spinal enkephalin.	Cycloserine	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
26332891-0	2015	Regulation of the orexigenic neuropeptide, enkephalin, by PPARdelta and fatty acids in neurons of the hypothalamus and forebrain.	Fatty Acids	72-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	Fatty Acids	52-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	Fatty Acids	52-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	Fatty Acids, Unsaturated	97-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	Fatty Acids, Unsaturated	97-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	oleic	121-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
26332891-1	2015	Ingestion of a high-fat diet composed mainly of the saturated fatty acid, palmitic (PA), and the unsaturated fatty acid, oleic (OA), stimulates transcription in the brain of the opioid neuropeptide, enkephalin (ENK), which promotes intake of substances of abuse.	oleic	121-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
26332891-4	2015	In the second set of experiments, PA treatment of hypothalamic and forebrain neurons had no effect on PPARdelta protein while stimulating ENK mRNA and protein, whereas OA increased both mRNA and protein levels of PPARdelta in forebrain neurons while having no effect on ENK mRNA and increasing ENK levels.	Protactinium	34-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
26332891-5	2015	These findings show that PA has a strong, stimulatory effect on ENK and weak effect on PPARdelta protein, whereas OA has a strong stimulatory effect on PPARdelta and weak effect on ENK, consistent with the inhibitory effect of PPARdelta on ENK.	Protactinium	25-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
26332891-8	2015	This inverse relationship is consistent with our additional findings, that a saturated (palmitic; PA) compared to a monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic; OA) has a strong stimulatory effect on ENK and weak effect on PPARdelta.	Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated	116-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
26332891-8	2015	This inverse relationship is consistent with our additional findings, that a saturated (palmitic; PA) compared to a monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic; OA) has a strong stimulatory effect on ENK and weak effect on PPARdelta.	oleic	144-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
26044638-5	2015	In contrast, haloperidol (3 mg/kg) selectively activated egr-1 expression in enkephalin neurons.	Haloperidol	13-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
26013542-3	2015	We observed that Cmpd101 inhibits the desensitization of the G protein-activated inwardly-rectifying potassium current evoked by receptor-saturating concentrations of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk), [d-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), endomorphin-2, and morphine in rat and mouse locus coeruleus (LC) neurons.	Potassium	101-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-188
26634226-10	2015	LL rats had an opposite pattern, maintaining activation of PGi-ENK LC afferents but not CNA-CRF LC afferents or LC neurons.	2cer	59-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
26316468-3	2015	We designed our multifunctional ligands based on the well-known second generation bradykinin 2 receptor antagonist Hoe 140 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DTic-Oic-Arg-OH) and the opioid enkephalin analogues Tyr-DAla-Phe, Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe and Tyr-Pro-Phe.	4-hydroxy-2-octenal	115-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
26316468-3	2015	We designed our multifunctional ligands based on the well-known second generation bradykinin 2 receptor antagonist Hoe 140 (DArg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-DTic-Oic-Arg-OH) and the opioid enkephalin analogues Tyr-DAla-Phe, Tyr-DAla-Gly-Phe and Tyr-Pro-Phe.	Proline	133-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
26119705-3	2015	Activation of MOR with [D-Ala(2) , N-Me-Phe(4) , Gly(5) -ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) during immunoprecipitation caused a 150% increase in Goalpha and a 50% increase in RGS4 in the pellet.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
26119705-3	2015	Activation of MOR with [D-Ala(2) , N-Me-Phe(4) , Gly(5) -ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) during immunoprecipitation caused a 150% increase in Goalpha and a 50% increase in RGS4 in the pellet.	gly(5) -ol	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
26001615-13	2015	Additionally, LY303870 (10 nmol/day) treatment prior to L-dopa administration reduced the phosphorylated levels of dopamine- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa at Thr 34 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 as well as the levels of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein and Penk in L-dopa-primed PD rats.	1-(N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-(N-(2-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetyl)amino)propane	14-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	332-336
26013542-3	2015	We observed that Cmpd101 inhibits the desensitization of the G protein-activated inwardly-rectifying potassium current evoked by receptor-saturating concentrations of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk), [d-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), endomorphin-2, and morphine in rat and mouse locus coeruleus (LC) neurons.	Potassium	101-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
26013542-3	2015	We observed that Cmpd101 inhibits the desensitization of the G protein-activated inwardly-rectifying potassium current evoked by receptor-saturating concentrations of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk), [d-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), endomorphin-2, and morphine in rat and mouse locus coeruleus (LC) neurons.	Potassium	101-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
25573074-1	2015	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: mu-Opioid receptors, pro-opiomelanocortin and pro-enkephalin are highly expressed in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and mu receptor agonists given to the NTS dose-dependently increased BP.	Benzo(a)pyrene	214-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-84
25817357-1	2015	The aim of the present study was to determine whether a new cyclic analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a preferential mu-(MORs), and, to a lower extent, a delta-opioid receptor (DORs) agonist in vitro, could reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	emodepside	89-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
25817357-1	2015	The aim of the present study was to determine whether a new cyclic analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a preferential mu-(MORs), and, to a lower extent, a delta-opioid receptor (DORs) agonist in vitro, could reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	Nitrogen	95-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
25817357-1	2015	The aim of the present study was to determine whether a new cyclic analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a preferential mu-(MORs), and, to a lower extent, a delta-opioid receptor (DORs) agonist in vitro, could reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	n(beta)-carbonyl-d-lys	106-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
25817357-1	2015	The aim of the present study was to determine whether a new cyclic analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a preferential mu-(MORs), and, to a lower extent, a delta-opioid receptor (DORs) agonist in vitro, could reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	enkephalinamide	140-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
25817357-1	2015	The aim of the present study was to determine whether a new cyclic analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a preferential mu-(MORs), and, to a lower extent, a delta-opioid receptor (DORs) agonist in vitro, could reinstate ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP).	Ethanol	281-288	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
25817357-10	2015	and the DORs agonist-[Leu(5)]-enkephalin (2.7 and 5.4nmol, i.c.v.)	4nmol	52-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
25846434-12	2015	Sucrose significantly increased serum levels of endorphin and enkephalin.	Sucrose	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
25817357-0	2015	The influence of the new enkephalin derivative, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), on reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in rats.	cyclo[n(epsilon),n(beta)-carbonyl-d-lys	48-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
25817357-0	2015	The influence of the new enkephalin derivative, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-d-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), on reinstatement of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in rats.	Ethanol	145-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
25716198-0	2015	Enkephalin analog, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), inhibits the ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats.	cyclo[n	19-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25716198-0	2015	Enkephalin analog, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), inhibits the ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats.	n(beta)-carbonyl-d-lys	36-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25716198-0	2015	Enkephalin analog, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), inhibits the ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats.	Ethanol	109-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25716198-1	2015	An analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), is predominantly a functional agonist of mu-opioid receptors (MOPr) and, to a lesser extent, of delta-opioid receptors (DOPr) in vitro.	cyclo[n	25-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
25716198-1	2015	An analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), is predominantly a functional agonist of mu-opioid receptors (MOPr) and, to a lesser extent, of delta-opioid receptors (DOPr) in vitro.	n(beta)-carbonyl-d-lys	42-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
25716198-1	2015	An analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2),Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), is predominantly a functional agonist of mu-opioid receptors (MOPr) and, to a lesser extent, of delta-opioid receptors (DOPr) in vitro.	)] enkephalinamide	73-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
25525190-9	2015	Evaluation of pathway-specific markers (substance P mRNA for the direct pathway and enkephalin mRNA for the indirect pathway) revealed that TAK-063 activated both the direct and indirect pathways of MSNs.	1-(2-fluoro-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-5-methoxy-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)pyridazin-4(1H)-one	140-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
25231620-5	2014	We observed a significant leftward shift of the MOR agonist [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Glycol5]-enkephalin concentration-response relationship in neurons isolated from rats with occluded arteries compared with those that were perfused freely.	d-ala2-n-me-phe4-glycol5]	61-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
25445367-2	2015	However, morphological evidence indicating that NT or ENK coexists with glutamate in the MDH is still meager.	N-hydroxy-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane	89-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
25445367-6	2015	The findings suggest that glutamate is coreleased with NT or ENK from axon terminals of interneurons in the superficial layers of the MDH.	Glutamic Acid	26-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
25086310-6	2014	Fat, ethanol, and nicotine, but not sucrose, increased the single- and double-labeling of ENK and c-Fos-ir in precisely the same brain areas, the middle parvocellular but not lateral area of the paraventricular nucleus, central but not basolateral nucleus of the AMYG, and core but not shell of the NAc.	Ethanol	5-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
25150040-8	2014	Met-enk content in brain regions of infants prenatally exposed to ethanol was quantitated by radioimmunoassay.	Ethanol	66-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
25150040-10	2014	Met-enk content in mesocorticolimbic regions - PFC and NAcc - was increased as a consequence of prenatal exposure to ethanol.	Ethanol	117-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
25150040-11	2014	Conversely, Met-enk levels in the VTA were reduced by prenatal ethanol manipulation.	Ethanol	63-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
25150040-12	2014	Prenatal ethanol also increased peptide levels in the medial-posterior zone of the CP, and strongly augmented Met-enk content in the hippocampus and hypothalamus.	Ethanol	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
25150040-13	2014	These findings show that prenatal ethanol exposure stimulates consumption of the drug in infant rats, and induces selective changes in Met-enk levels in regions of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal systems, the hypothalamus and hippocampus.	Ethanol	34-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
25546922-12	2014	The mu-opioid receptor incubation in selected brain structures was performed with a specific radioisotope [3H]DAMGO [tyrosyl-3,5,-3H(N)-D-Ala-Gly-N-methyl-Phe-Gly-enkephalin].	Tritium	107-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
25086310-0	2014	Common effects of fat, ethanol, and nicotine on enkephalin in discrete areas of the brain.	Nicotine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
25086310-6	2014	Fat, ethanol, and nicotine, but not sucrose, increased the single- and double-labeling of ENK and c-Fos-ir in precisely the same brain areas, the middle parvocellular but not lateral area of the paraventricular nucleus, central but not basolateral nucleus of the AMYG, and core but not shell of the NAc.	Nicotine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
24637095-7	2014	Furthermore, the bryostatin-induced increase of the frequency and amplitude of IPSCs was blocked by methionine enkephalin which selectively suppressed the excitability of interneurons.	Bryostatins	17-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
25179084-1	2014	Human opiorphin (Gln-Arg-Phe-Ser-Arg; QRFSR-peptide) is a physiological inhibitor of enkephalin-inactivating peptidases.	Gln-Arg	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
25179084-1	2014	Human opiorphin (Gln-Arg-Phe-Ser-Arg; QRFSR-peptide) is a physiological inhibitor of enkephalin-inactivating peptidases.	Phe-Ser-Arg	25-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
25179084-2	2014	We previously demonstrated that opiorphin can substitute for the classic mixture of peptidase inhibitors and greatly improves the specific binding and affinity of the enkephalin-related peptide [(3)H]MERF (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe; YGGFMRF) for rat brain opioid receptors.	Tyrosine	206-209	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
25179084-2	2014	We previously demonstrated that opiorphin can substitute for the classic mixture of peptidase inhibitors and greatly improves the specific binding and affinity of the enkephalin-related peptide [(3)H]MERF (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe; YGGFMRF) for rat brain opioid receptors.	Phenylalanine	218-221	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
24893172-7	2014	Changes in expression of Marcks, Pum1, Nupr1, and Penk caused by in utero phthalate exposure were confirmed by qRT-PCR.	phthalic acid	74-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
24190586-7	2014	In the same subjects, the mu-opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2-N-MePhe4, Glyol)-enkephalin (DAMGO; 0.25 mug) was infused on a separate test day.	d-ala2-n-mephe4	54-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
24790199-7	2014	Experiment 2 used central infusions of D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, in the periacqueductal gray and nucleus accumbens shell to revalue the shock.	nme-phe	49-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
24790199-7	2014	Experiment 2 used central infusions of D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, in the periacqueductal gray and nucleus accumbens shell to revalue the shock.	gly-ol	61-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
24333843-8	2014	Rats received saline, morphine or the opiate agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), and tissue sections through the LC were processed for immunogold-silver detection of WLS and MOR.	n-me-phe4	62-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
24213354-8	2014	These results show that specific neuroadaptation mediated by the ENKergic neurotransmission in the BLAp is a key regulator of resilience, whereas a decrease of the ENK in the BLAp is a maladaptation mechanism, which mediates the behavioral dichotomy observed between vulnerable and resilient following 3 weeks of CUS.	cus	313-316	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
24599471-5	2014	Our results show a rise in basal intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in response to application of [D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), a MOR agonist, that is blocked by D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), a MOR antagonist.	Calcium	47-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
24599471-5	2014	Our results show a rise in basal intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in response to application of [D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), a MOR agonist, that is blocked by D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), a MOR antagonist.	[d-ala(2)-n-me-phe	97-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
24599471-5	2014	Our results show a rise in basal intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in response to application of [D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), a MOR agonist, that is blocked by D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), a MOR antagonist.	d-phe-cys-tyr-d-trp-orn-thr-pen-thr-nh2	182-221	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
24599471-5	2014	Our results show a rise in basal intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) in response to application of [D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), a MOR agonist, that is blocked by D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), a MOR antagonist.	CTOP	223-227	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
24038231-4	2013	In situ hybridization experiments showed that acute treatment with morphine (10 mg/kg) decreased both enkephalin and dynorphin mRNA levels in the CPu after 30 min, but PD168,077 (1 mg/kg) did not modify their expression.	Morphine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
24090157-5	2014	Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between enkephalin expression and sucrose preference in the shell part of the nucleus accumbens, with a lower level of enkephalin expression being associated with lower sucrose preference.	Sucrose	80-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
24090157-5	2014	Furthermore, we observed a strong correlation between enkephalin expression and sucrose preference in the shell part of the nucleus accumbens, with a lower level of enkephalin expression being associated with lower sucrose preference.	Sucrose	215-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
24431463-10	2014	Accordingly, increasing endogenous tone by blocking the enzymatic degradation of enkephalin inhibited GABA neurotransmission in yoked saline rats but not in cocaine-extinguished rats.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	102-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
24431463-11	2014	In conclusion, our results indicate that following withdrawal from cocaine self-administration enkephalin levels in the VP are elevated and the opioid modulation of GABA neurotransmission is impaired.	Cocaine	67-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
23740773-9	2014	Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using Tertiapin-Q (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), on mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle.	[d-pen	131-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
23740773-9	2014	Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using Tertiapin-Q (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]-enkephalin (DPDPE), on mechanical hypersensitivity in masseter muscle.	d-pen	132-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
24038231-5	2013	Coadministration of the two agonists demonstrated that PD168,077 counteracted the morphine-induced changes and even increased enkephalin mRNA levels.	pd168	55-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
23499830-4	2013	Evaluation of striatal mRNA for enkephalin and dynorphin, markers of the indirect and direct striatonigral pathways, and of GAD67 showed an increase in dynorphin in primed SKF 38393-treated rats, no matter whether immobilized or freely moving during priming induction, whilst enkephalin and GAD67 did not show any changes.	2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine	172-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
23994597-3	2013	We hypothesized that systemic morphine before a post-conditioning test would more potently attenuate the affective aspect compared to the sensory component and that [d-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-selective opioid receptor agonist, injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) would reduce established CPA.	Morphine	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
23994597-3	2013	We hypothesized that systemic morphine before a post-conditioning test would more potently attenuate the affective aspect compared to the sensory component and that [d-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-selective opioid receptor agonist, injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) would reduce established CPA.	ala2-n-me-phe4	168-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
23994597-3	2013	We hypothesized that systemic morphine before a post-conditioning test would more potently attenuate the affective aspect compared to the sensory component and that [d-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-selective opioid receptor agonist, injected into the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) would reduce established CPA.	cpa	334-337	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
23862670-0	2013	The glucocorticoid analog dexamethasone alters the expression and the distribution of dopamine receptors and enkephalin within cortico-subcortical regions.	Dexamethasone	26-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
23862670-4	2013	Dexamethasone reduced mRNA expression of D1 receptor and enkephalin in the cortex.	Dexamethasone	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
23880055-5	2013	Similarly, repeated intraplantar injection of loperamide (150 mug/50 muL intraplantarly) and D-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Glyol(5) enkephalin (300 mug/50 muL), a highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, also resulted in decreased inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity.	d-ala(2)-mephe	93-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
23880055-5	2013	Similarly, repeated intraplantar injection of loperamide (150 mug/50 muL intraplantarly) and D-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Glyol(5) enkephalin (300 mug/50 muL), a highly selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist, also resulted in decreased inhibition of mechanical hypersensitivity.	(4)-glyol	107-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
24152443-4	2013	In this study, using two NGF-responsive rodent cell model systems, PC12h cells and F11 cells, we found the delta opioid neuropeptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE)-mediated neuroprotective effect could be blocked by pharmacological reagents: the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and Trk inhibitor K252a, respectively.	naltrindole	275-286	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
24152443-4	2013	In this study, using two NGF-responsive rodent cell model systems, PC12h cells and F11 cells, we found the delta opioid neuropeptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE)-mediated neuroprotective effect could be blocked by pharmacological reagents: the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and Trk inhibitor K252a, respectively.	2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	303-311	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
24152443-4	2013	In this study, using two NGF-responsive rodent cell model systems, PC12h cells and F11 cells, we found the delta opioid neuropeptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE)-mediated neuroprotective effect could be blocked by pharmacological reagents: the delta opioid antagonist naltrindole, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MAPK inhibitor PD98059, and Trk inhibitor K252a, respectively.	2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	328-335	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
23868737-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu5]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors such as amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	amastatin	225-234	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
23716621-4	2013	Tolerance to the opioid peptide [d-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol]-enkephalin was not reversed by ethanol.	n-mephe	42-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	161-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
23966683-2	2013	The present study in Sprague Dawley rats examined the possibility that the orexigenic peptide systems, enkephalin (ENK) and orexin (OX), which are stimulated by nicotine in adult animals and promote consummatory behavior, may be similarly responsive to nicotine"s stimulatory effect in utero while having long-term behavioral consequences.	Nicotine	253-261	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
23966683-3	2013	The results demonstrated that nicotine exposure during gestation at low doses (0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg/d) significantly increased mRNA levels and density of neurons that express ENK in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and central nucleus of the amygdala, OX, and another orexigenic peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus in preweanling offspring.	Nicotine	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
23966683-5	2013	Colabeling of the cell proliferation marker BrdU with the neuronal marker NeuN and peptides revealed a marked stimulatory effect of prenatal nicotine on neurogenesis, but not gliogenesis, and also on the number of newly generated neurons expressing ENK, OX, or melanin-concentrating hormone.	Nicotine	141-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	249-252
23868737-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu5]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors such as amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	Captopril	236-245	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
23868737-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu5]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors such as amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	phosphoramidon	251-265	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
23868737-10	2013	CONCLUSION: The present data, together with those of earlier studies, clearly demonstrate that amastatin-, captopril-, and phosphoramidon-sensitive enzymes play an important role in the inactivation of [Leu5]enkephalin administered intrathecally in rat.	Captopril	107-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
23583519-8	2013	Enk was elevated within the PVN in TMT and BA exposed rats compared to H2O exposure.	Butyric Acid	43-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
22875915-7	2012	To address the functional significance of such interactions, we exposed methionine-enkephalin (MENK) to PN and identified the major metabolite, 3-nitrotyrosine-methionine-sulfoxide (NSO)-MENK, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	Peroxynitrous Acid	104-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
22703995-3	2012	The current investigation examined the possibility that the opioid peptide enkephalin (ENK), known to mediate some of the reinforcing properties of ethanol, may function in the mPFC during the anticipation of ethanol access.	Ethanol	148-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
22703995-3	2012	The current investigation examined the possibility that the opioid peptide enkephalin (ENK), known to mediate some of the reinforcing properties of ethanol, may function in the mPFC during the anticipation of ethanol access.	Ethanol	148-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
22703995-3	2012	The current investigation examined the possibility that the opioid peptide enkephalin (ENK), known to mediate some of the reinforcing properties of ethanol, may function in the mPFC during the anticipation of ethanol access.	Ethanol	209-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
22703995-3	2012	The current investigation examined the possibility that the opioid peptide enkephalin (ENK), known to mediate some of the reinforcing properties of ethanol, may function in the mPFC during the anticipation of ethanol access.	Ethanol	209-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
22703995-8	2012	These findings support the role of ENK, acting through MOR within the PrL to promote the anticipation and excessive consumption of ethanol.	Ethanol	131-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
22337204-1	2012	The biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of two new cyclic prodrugs (CA-[cychexalanine (Cha(4)), D-Leu(5) ]-Enkephalin (Enk) and coumarinic acid (CA)-[Cha(4), D-Ala(5)]-Enk) of opioid peptides that were designed to be stable to oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the intestinal mucosa are described in this paper.	Cyclohexylamines	100-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
22337204-1	2012	The biopharmaceutical and physicochemical properties of two new cyclic prodrugs (CA-[cychexalanine (Cha(4)), D-Leu(5) ]-Enkephalin (Enk) and coumarinic acid (CA)-[Cha(4), D-Ala(5)]-Enk) of opioid peptides that were designed to be stable to oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P-450 enzymes in the intestinal mucosa are described in this paper.	D-LEUCINE	109-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	80-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	Bicuculline	101-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	d-phe-cys-tyr-d-trp-orn-thr-pen-thr-nh2	162-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	CTOP	203-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	Bicuculline	229-240	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
22552756-9	2012	Coadministration of the mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1 mug) with bicuculline counteracted, whereas the mu-receptor antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP, 1 mug) enhanced the bicuculline-induced increase of ethanol intake.	Ethanol	261-268	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
23287538-9	2013	This vulnerability to ethanol abuse was associated with a lower c-Fos immunoreactivity in the Nac and enduring alterations of the expression of Penk and Slc6a4, 2 neurotransmission-related genes that have been shown to play critical roles in the behavioral effects of ethanol and alcoholism.	Ethanol	22-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
23287538-9	2013	This vulnerability to ethanol abuse was associated with a lower c-Fos immunoreactivity in the Nac and enduring alterations of the expression of Penk and Slc6a4, 2 neurotransmission-related genes that have been shown to play critical roles in the behavioral effects of ethanol and alcoholism.	Ethanol	268-275	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
23337715-2	2013	Although morphine and [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly(ol)]-enkephalin (DAMGO) both activate mu-opioid receptors, their influence on receptor-mediated signaling differs; therefore, we determined if they differentially influenced ventral pallidal-mediated motor sensitization.	n-mephe	30-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
23337715-2	2013	Although morphine and [D-Ala, N-MePhe, Gly(ol)]-enkephalin (DAMGO) both activate mu-opioid receptors, their influence on receptor-mediated signaling differs; therefore, we determined if they differentially influenced ventral pallidal-mediated motor sensitization.	gly(ol)	39-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
22725682-9	2013	The high-activity rats with elevated enkephalin, but not high-TG rats, were also unusually sensitive to naltrexone, which significantly reduced their alcohol intake.	Naltrexone	104-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
22725682-9	2013	The high-activity rats with elevated enkephalin, but not high-TG rats, were also unusually sensitive to naltrexone, which significantly reduced their alcohol intake.	Alcohols	150-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
23948996-9	2013	In 6-OHDA rats only, we observed a significant and positive correlation between locomotor velocity and both D1-class dopamine receptor (D1R) (direct pathway) and enkephalin (ENK) (indirect pathway) mRNA in the lesioned striatum, as well as between D1R and ENK mRNA.	Oxidopamine	3-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
23948996-9	2013	In 6-OHDA rats only, we observed a significant and positive correlation between locomotor velocity and both D1-class dopamine receptor (D1R) (direct pathway) and enkephalin (ENK) (indirect pathway) mRNA in the lesioned striatum, as well as between D1R and ENK mRNA.	Oxidopamine	3-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
22683090-0	2012	Proenkephalin mediates the enduring effects of adolescent cannabis exposure associated with adult opiate vulnerability.	Opiate Alkaloids	98-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
22683090-4	2012	METHODS: To investigate the functional significance of NAcsh Penk tone, selective viral-mediated knockdown and overexpression of Penk was performed, followed by analysis of subsequent heroin SA behavior.	nacsh	55-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
22683090-6	2012	RESULTS: Here we show that regulation of the Penk opioid neuropeptide gene in NAcsh directly regulates heroin SA behavior.	nacsh	78-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
22683090-6	2012	RESULTS: Here we show that regulation of the Penk opioid neuropeptide gene in NAcsh directly regulates heroin SA behavior.	heroin sa	103-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
22683090-7	2012	Selective viral-mediated knockdown of Penk in striatopallidal neurons attenuates heroin SA in adolescent THC-exposed rats, whereas Penk overexpression potentiates heroin SA in THC-naive rats.	Dronabinol	105-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
22683090-8	2012	Furthermore, we report that adolescent THC exposure mediates Penk upregulation through reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation in the NAcsh, thereby disrupting the normal developmental pattern of H3K9 methylation.	Dronabinol	39-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
22683090-8	2012	Furthermore, we report that adolescent THC exposure mediates Penk upregulation through reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation in the NAcsh, thereby disrupting the normal developmental pattern of H3K9 methylation.	Lysine	111-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
22683090-8	2012	Furthermore, we report that adolescent THC exposure mediates Penk upregulation through reduction of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation in the NAcsh, thereby disrupting the normal developmental pattern of H3K9 methylation.	nacsh	146-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
22683090-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data establish a direct association between THC-induced NAcsh Penk upregulation and heroin SA and indicate that epigenetic dysregulation of Penk underlies the long-term effects of THC.	Dronabinol	63-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
22683090-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data establish a direct association between THC-induced NAcsh Penk upregulation and heroin SA and indicate that epigenetic dysregulation of Penk underlies the long-term effects of THC.	Dronabinol	63-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
22683090-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data establish a direct association between THC-induced NAcsh Penk upregulation and heroin SA and indicate that epigenetic dysregulation of Penk underlies the long-term effects of THC.	nacsh	75-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
22683090-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data establish a direct association between THC-induced NAcsh Penk upregulation and heroin SA and indicate that epigenetic dysregulation of Penk underlies the long-term effects of THC.	Dronabinol	199-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
23000149-8	2012	Furthermore, a causal role for mu opioid stimulation in overconsumption was demonstrated by observations that microinjection in the same anterior dorsomedial quadrant of a mu receptor agonist ([D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin; DAMGO) generated intense &gt;250% increases in intake of palatable sweet food (without altering hedonic impact of sweet tastes).	[d-ala2, n-mephe4	193-210	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
22150526-3	2012	Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intrastriatally infused with d-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 mug/muL), treated with methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) and killed at 45 min or 2 h later.	d-ala(2)-n-me-phe	59-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
22733753-5	2012	Perisciatic injection of any component of this pathway, including MMP9 hemopexin domain or claudin-1 siRNA, enables an opioid peptide ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin) and a selective sodium channel (NaV1.7)-blocking toxin (ProToxin-II) to exert antinociceptive effects without motor impairment.	gly5-ol	153-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
22356887-0	2012	Genomic analysis of [d-Ala2, d-Leu5] enkephalin preconditioning in cortical neuron and glial cell injury after oxygen deprivation.	Oxygen	111-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
21964537-9	2012	Seventy eight different genes were overlapping the exercise and AICAR group at 24 h. Ingenuity identified six overlapping genes between the exercise, AICAR, and metformin groups including NR4A3, TNFRSF12A, HBB, PENK, PAP, and MAP4K4.	Metformin	161-170	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-215
22083687-3	2012	In this study, a novel [Met5]enkephalin amide (MEA) analogue [Met5]enkephalin (ME)-semicarbazide synthesized by another laboratory in our group was assessed for its antinociceptive effects compared with ME-ethylamide, MEA and ME, using tail flick test.	mea	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
22083687-3	2012	In this study, a novel [Met5]enkephalin amide (MEA) analogue [Met5]enkephalin (ME)-semicarbazide synthesized by another laboratory in our group was assessed for its antinociceptive effects compared with ME-ethylamide, MEA and ME, using tail flick test.	mea	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
25767488-1	2012	The present study utilized a nitroglycerin-induced rat model of migraine to detect the effects of rizatriptan benzoate on proenkephalin and substance P gene expression in the midbrain using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and investigate whether rizatriptan benzoate can regulate the endogenous pain modulatory system.	rizatriptan	98-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-135
25767488-2	2012	The results showed that rizatriptan benzoate significantly reduced expression of the mRNAs for proenkephalin and substance P. Rizatriptan benzoate may inhibit the analgesic effect of the endogenous pain modulatory system.	rizatriptan	24-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
25767488-2	2012	The results showed that rizatriptan benzoate significantly reduced expression of the mRNAs for proenkephalin and substance P. Rizatriptan benzoate may inhibit the analgesic effect of the endogenous pain modulatory system.	rizatriptan	126-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
22001156-3	2012	Adult male rats received either saline, morphine or [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) directly into the lateral ventricles.	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	52-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
23185117-19	2012	CONCLUSION: These data indicated that levodopa/benserazide-loaded microspheres could be used to ameliorate the expression of LID by reducing the expression of pGluR1S831 and pGluR1S845 as well as Arc and Penk.	Levodopa	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
23185117-19	2012	CONCLUSION: These data indicated that levodopa/benserazide-loaded microspheres could be used to ameliorate the expression of LID by reducing the expression of pGluR1S831 and pGluR1S845 as well as Arc and Penk.	Benserazide	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
21513819-2	2011	We evaluated concentration-dependent effects of a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) on respiratory output in the arterially perfused in situ rat preparation, which preserves the integrity of the ponto-medullary respiratory network.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	97-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
21864608-3	2011	In this investigation, we studied the effects of [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE), a potent DOR agonist, on acute mitochondrial dysfunction and ensuing cell damage induced by sodium azide in primary rat cortical neuronal cultures, and explored possible mechanisms underlying.	Sodium Azide	178-190	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
21525276-5	2011	Intra-NAc treatment with the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.1-10 ng) and the mu-opioid receptor antagonist Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) (0.3-3 mug) increased and decreased social play, respectively.	n-mephe	76-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
21349267-0	2011	Delta opioid peptide [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) triggers postconditioning against transient forebrain ischemia.	Peptides	13-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Serotonin	121-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Serotonin	121-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	216-219
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Serotonin	121-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Norepinephrine	152-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Norepinephrine	152-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	216-219
21247719-5	2011	A good linear relationship with coefficients &gt;=0.99 was achieved over the concentration ranges of 10-1000ngmL(-1) for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE); 2-250ngmL(-1) for methionine-enkephalin (M-ENK) and leucine-enkephalin (L-ENK).	Norepinephrine	152-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
21525276-5	2011	Intra-NAc treatment with the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.1-10 ng) and the mu-opioid receptor antagonist Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) (0.3-3 mug) increased and decreased social play, respectively.	Glycine	87-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
21525276-5	2011	Intra-NAc treatment with the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) (0.1-10 ng) and the mu-opioid receptor antagonist Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) (0.3-3 mug) increased and decreased social play, respectively.	5)-ol	91-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
21430144-5	2011	In morphine-treated animals, recovery from acute [Met](5)enkephalin-induced desensitization and receptor recycling was diminished.	Morphine	3-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
21131267-8	2011	Uptake of taurocholate and [d-penicillamine(2,5)]-enkephalin, two established Oatp substrates, was increased in animals subjected to peripheral pain, suggesting increased Oatp1a4-mediated transport.	periodate-oxidized adenosine 5'-triphosphate	78-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
21273080-4	2011	Two lipidic derivatives with varying side chain lengths (C(8)-Enk-NH(2) (1), C(12)-Enk-NH(2) (2)) and their acetylated analogues were successfully synthesised.	1-octene	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
21273080-6	2011	C(8)-Enk-NH(2) (1) and its acetylated analogue Ac-C8-Enk-NH(2) (3) exhibited apparent permeabilities (mean+-SD) of 2.51+-0.75x10(-6)cm/s and 1.06+-0.62x10(-6), respectively.	ac-c8	47-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
21273080-6	2011	C(8)-Enk-NH(2) (1) and its acetylated analogue Ac-C8-Enk-NH(2) (3) exhibited apparent permeabilities (mean+-SD) of 2.51+-0.75x10(-6)cm/s and 1.06+-0.62x10(-6), respectively.	ac-c8	47-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
21273080-8	2011	All analogues exhibited improved Caco-2 homogenate stability compared to Leu-Enk-NH(2) with t(1/2) values of: C8-Enk-NH(2) (1): 31.7 min, C(12)-Enk-NH(2) (2): 14.7 min, Ac-C8-Enk-NH(2) (3): 83 min, Ac-C(12)-Enk-NH(2) (4): 27 min.	Leucine	73-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
21273080-10	2011	In vivo nasal administration of C(8)-Enk-NH(2) to male rats resulted in concentrations of 5.9+-1.84x10(-2) muM in the olfactory bulbs, 1.35+-1.01x10(-2) muM in the brain and 6.53+-1.87x10(-3) muM in the blood 10 min after administration.	1-octene	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
21289167-7	2011	However, the mu agonist, DAMGO ([d-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin), appeared to attenuate this negative incentive learning.	[d-ala2, nme-phe4	32-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20686827-4	2011	Results showed the following: (1) dense ENK-ir fibers and terminals and GABA-ir cell bodies, fibers, and terminals were observed in the rNTS; (2) ENK-ir terminals mainly make symmetric synapses with GABA-ir and immunonegative somas and dendrites; (3) co-existence of ENK/GABA-ir axon terminals and convergence of ENK- and GABA-ir terminals on one immunonegative soma or dendrite can also be observed.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
20603139-6	2010	It was also accompanied by a greater responsiveness of the HFC rats to the stimulatory effect of a PVN-injected, ENK analogue, D-ala2-met-enkephalinamide, compared to saline on consumption of the high-fat diet.	H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2	127-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
20864528-0	2010	The dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer localizes in dynorphin/enkephalin neurons: increased high affinity state following amphetamine and in schizophrenia.	Amphetamine	121-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
21602922-5	2011	Importantly, agonists at the MOR that promote receptor endocytosis, such as the endogenous peptides enkephalin and beta-endorphin, show a reduced propensity to promote antinociceptive tolerance than do agonists, like morphine, which do not promote receptor endocytosis.	Morphine	217-225	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
20456008-9	2010	Chronic IEM 1460 treatment reversed L-DOPA-induced up-regulation of pre-proenkephalin-A, and normalised pre-proenkephalin-B mRNA expression in the lateral striatum, indicating an inhibition of both behavioural and molecular correlates of priming.	IEM 1460	8-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-87
20605629-0	2010	Effects of acute ethanol administration on methionine-enkephalin expression and release in regions of the rat brain.	Ethanol	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
20605629-0	2010	Effects of acute ethanol administration on methionine-enkephalin expression and release in regions of the rat brain.	Methionine	43-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
20605629-4	2010	The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different ethanol doses on methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) release from the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc).	Ethanol	65-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
20605629-4	2010	The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different ethanol doses on methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) release from the rat nucleus accumbens (NAcc).	Ethanol	65-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
20605629-8	2010	Ethanol doses of 0.5, 1 and 2.5 g/kg induced a 2.7-, 4.9- and 3.4-fold increase in Met-enk release from the NAcc.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
20605629-11	2010	Ethanol, at a dose of 2.5 g/kg, induced a significant 66.7% decrease in Met-enk content in the NAcc, as well as a 76.4% reduction in peptide levels in the CP.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
20605629-13	2010	On the other hand, an ethanol dose of 0.5 g/kg produced a non-significant decrease in Met-enk levels in the PFC.	Ethanol	22-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
20605629-14	2010	Our results suggest that ethanol-induced changes in enkephalin expression and release in regions of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways could be involved in ethanol central effects.	Ethanol	25-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
20605629-14	2010	Our results suggest that ethanol-induced changes in enkephalin expression and release in regions of the mesocorticolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways could be involved in ethanol central effects.	Ethanol	170-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
20543079-4	2010	The pressor responses to static contraction were compared before and after the injection of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microg) into the abdominal aorta of decerebrated rats in which one femoral artery had been occluded 72 h previously (n = 10) and in control rats whose femoral arteries were freely perfused (n = 8).	n-mephe	133-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
20543079-4	2010	The pressor responses to static contraction were compared before and after the injection of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microg) into the abdominal aorta of decerebrated rats in which one femoral artery had been occluded 72 h previously (n = 10) and in control rats whose femoral arteries were freely perfused (n = 8).	gly-ol	144-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
20456008-9	2010	Chronic IEM 1460 treatment reversed L-DOPA-induced up-regulation of pre-proenkephalin-A, and normalised pre-proenkephalin-B mRNA expression in the lateral striatum, indicating an inhibition of both behavioural and molecular correlates of priming.	Levodopa	36-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-87
20692550-7	2010	Rats with high 2% ethanol intake or high TGs, two measures found to be closely related, had significantly elevated expression of enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) but no change in neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC).	Ethanol	18-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
20692550-7	2010	Rats with high 2% ethanol intake or high TGs, two measures found to be closely related, had significantly elevated expression of enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) but no change in neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC).	Ethanol	18-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
20692550-7	2010	Rats with high 2% ethanol intake or high TGs, two measures found to be closely related, had significantly elevated expression of enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) but no change in neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC).	trichlorosucrose	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
20692550-7	2010	Rats with high 2% ethanol intake or high TGs, two measures found to be closely related, had significantly elevated expression of enkephalin (ENK) and galanin (GAL) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) but no change in neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC).	trichlorosucrose	41-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
20184566-0	2010	Effect of chronic ethanol on enkephalin in the hypothalamus and extra-hypothalamic areas.	Ethanol	18-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
20184566-2	2010	Previous studies in Sprague-Dawley rats have demonstrated that ENK in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is stimulated by voluntary consumption of ethanol.	Ethanol	159-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
20184566-3	2010	This suggests that this opioid peptide may be involved in promoting the drinking of ethanol, consistent with our recent findings that PVN injections of ENK analogs stimulate ethanol intake.	Ethanol	84-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
20331576-2	2010	Our previous studies have examined the effects of ethanol on hypothalamic peptide systems of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and identified a positive feedback loop in which PVN peptides, such as enkephalin and galanin, stimulate ethanol intake and ethanol, in turn, stimulates the expression of these peptides.	Ethanol	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
20184566-3	2010	This suggests that this opioid peptide may be involved in promoting the drinking of ethanol, consistent with our recent findings that PVN injections of ENK analogs stimulate ethanol intake.	Ethanol	174-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
20331576-2	2010	Our previous studies have examined the effects of ethanol on hypothalamic peptide systems of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and identified a positive feedback loop in which PVN peptides, such as enkephalin and galanin, stimulate ethanol intake and ethanol, in turn, stimulates the expression of these peptides.	Ethanol	232-239	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
20331576-2	2010	Our previous studies have examined the effects of ethanol on hypothalamic peptide systems of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and identified a positive feedback loop in which PVN peptides, such as enkephalin and galanin, stimulate ethanol intake and ethanol, in turn, stimulates the expression of these peptides.	Ethanol	232-239	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
20184566-8	2010	RESULTS: With qRT-PCR, the rats chronically drinking ethanol plus water compared to water alone showed significantly higher levels of ENK mRNA, not only in the PVN but also in the VTA, NAcSh, NAcC, and mPFC, although not in the CeA.	Ethanol	53-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
20184566-8	2010	RESULTS: With qRT-PCR, the rats chronically drinking ethanol plus water compared to water alone showed significantly higher levels of ENK mRNA, not only in the PVN but also in the VTA, NAcSh, NAcC, and mPFC, although not in the CeA.	Water	66-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
20184566-8	2010	RESULTS: With qRT-PCR, the rats chronically drinking ethanol plus water compared to water alone showed significantly higher levels of ENK mRNA, not only in the PVN but also in the VTA, NAcSh, NAcC, and mPFC, although not in the CeA.	Water	84-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
20184566-8	2010	RESULTS: With qRT-PCR, the rats chronically drinking ethanol plus water compared to water alone showed significantly higher levels of ENK mRNA, not only in the PVN but also in the VTA, NAcSh, NAcC, and mPFC, although not in the CeA.	nacc	192-196	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
20184566-9	2010	Using radiolabeled ISH, levels of ENK mRNA in rats drinking ethanol were found to be elevated in all areas examined, including the CeA.	Ethanol	60-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
20184566-10	2010	The experiment using DIG confirmed this effect of ethanol, showing an increase in density of ENK-expressing cells in all areas studied.	Ethanol	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
20184566-12	2010	CONCLUSIONS: While distinguishing the NAc as a site where ENK and DYN respond differentially, these findings lead us to propose that these opioids, in response to voluntary ethanol consumption, are generally elevated in extra-hypothalamic as well as hypothalamic areas, possibly to carry out specific area-related functions that, in turn, drive animals to further consume ethanol.	nac	38-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
19951300-6	2010	To test for receptor specificity, 2 doses each of the mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), delta-receptor agonist D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 (DALA), or kappa-receptor agonist U-50,488H were injected.	gly(5)-ol	96-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
20106595-5	2010	In contrast, intrathalamic administration of [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO), a MOR-specific agonist, induced a statistically significant decrease of all tonic phase pain-related behaviours assessed until 30-35min after formalin hind paw injection.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
20106595-5	2010	In contrast, intrathalamic administration of [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO), a MOR-specific agonist, induced a statistically significant decrease of all tonic phase pain-related behaviours assessed until 30-35min after formalin hind paw injection.	Formaldehyde	250-258	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
19948154-4	2010	The compounds tested were morphine, the mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), the delta-receptor agonist D-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-NH2 (DALA), and the opioid antagonist naloxone methiodide (m-naloxone).	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
19951300-16	2010	Prior studies show that learning to drink ethanol stimulates PVN expression and production of the peptides enkephalin and dynorphin, which are endogenous agonists for the delta- and kappa-receptors, respectively.	Ethanol	42-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
19951300-17	2010	These results suggest that enkephalin via the delta-opioid system can function locally within a positive feedback circuit to cause ethanol intake to escalate and ultimately contribute to the abuse of ethanol.	Ethanol	131-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
19951300-17	2010	These results suggest that enkephalin via the delta-opioid system can function locally within a positive feedback circuit to cause ethanol intake to escalate and ultimately contribute to the abuse of ethanol.	Ethanol	200-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
19951300-19	2010	Naltrexone therapy for alcoholism may act, in part, by blocking the enkephalin-triggered positive feedback cycle.	Naltrexone	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
19666014-5	2009	Before this larger meal, these rats with elevated TG consistently exhibited higher expression levels and synthesis of the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin, orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone, as revealed using real-time quantitative PCR, radiolabeled in situ hybridization, and immunofluorescence histochemistry.	Triglycerides	50-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
20007733-2	2010	In this study, we determined whether the spontaneous pain and increased pNR1 expression induced by NMDA injection are reduced by IT injection of either clonidine or the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO).	N-Methylaspartate	99-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	225-235
20007733-2	2010	In this study, we determined whether the spontaneous pain and increased pNR1 expression induced by NMDA injection are reduced by IT injection of either clonidine or the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO).	Clonidine	152-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	225-235
19558427-12	2009	Furthermore, in vitro application of [D-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly(5)-Ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) suppressed the enhanced excitability of colon neurons from rats with CVH.	n-mephe	48-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
19558427-12	2009	Furthermore, in vitro application of [D-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly(5)-Ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) suppressed the enhanced excitability of colon neurons from rats with CVH.	cvh	159-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
19596017-0	2010	Morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats is inhibited by electroacupuncture at 2 Hz: role of enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
19782113-7	2009	This enhanced ENK expression in the PVN, VTA and CeA was demonstrated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and confirmed in separate groups using radiolabeled and digoxigenin-labeled in situ hybridization.	Digoxigenin	180-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
19711397-3	2009	An anti-enkephalin antibody, which recognized Leu-, Met-, and Phe-Arg-Met-enkephalin, labeled the dorsolateral funiculus and numerous puncta in laminae I-III and V of the dorsal horn.	Leucine	46-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
19711397-3	2009	An anti-enkephalin antibody, which recognized Leu-, Met-, and Phe-Arg-Met-enkephalin, labeled the dorsolateral funiculus and numerous puncta in laminae I-III and V of the dorsal horn.	met-, and	52-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
19647755-9	2009	In light of other studies showing ethanol intake to increase enkephalin expression in the NAc, the present finding of enkephalin-induced ethanol intake suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop that fosters alcohol abuse.	Ethanol	34-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
19647755-9	2009	In light of other studies showing ethanol intake to increase enkephalin expression in the NAc, the present finding of enkephalin-induced ethanol intake suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop that fosters alcohol abuse.	Ethanol	34-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
19647755-9	2009	In light of other studies showing ethanol intake to increase enkephalin expression in the NAc, the present finding of enkephalin-induced ethanol intake suggests the existence of a positive feedback loop that fosters alcohol abuse.	Ethanol	137-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
19118628-6	2009	Additionally, L-DOPA-induced elevations in striatal pre-proenkephalin-A (PPE-A) (but not PPE-B, phospho[Thr(34)]DARPP-32, D1, and D2 receptor mRNA or D3 receptor levels) were reduced in S33084 treated animals.	Levodopa	14-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-71
19534760-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Delta opioid peptide [D-ala2,D-leU5]enkephalin (DADLE) induces hibernation in summer ground squirrels, and enhances preservation and survival of isolated or transplanted lungs and hearts.	Peptides	25-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
19494155-4	2009	As expected for a partial agonist, subsaturating concentrations of buprenorphine decreased the [Met](5)enkephalin (ME)-induced hyperpolarization or outward current.	Buprenorphine	67-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
19168708-6	2009	The selective DOR agonist [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin, having no apparent effect on glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in neurons from control rats, produced a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the synaptic current in neurons from those morphine-treated rats.	d-pen(	27-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
19458216-11	2009	Furthermore, in virgin rats, allopregnanolone treatment increased, whereas in pregnant rats finasteride decreased proenkephalin-A mRNA expression in the NTS.	Finasteride	92-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-129
19376576-0	2009	Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nepsilon,Nbeta-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in rats.	cyclo[nepsilon	23-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19376576-0	2009	Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nepsilon,Nbeta-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in rats.	nbeta-carbonyl-d-lys2	38-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19376576-0	2009	Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nepsilon,Nbeta-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in rats.	dap5] enkephalinamide	61-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19376576-0	2009	Enkephalin derivative, cyclo[Nepsilon,Nbeta-carbonyl-D-Lys2, Dap5] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), induces a highly potent antinociception in rats.	cuenk6	84-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19376576-1	2009	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the newly synthesized analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2), Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a highly potent mu- (guinea pig ileum assay) and delta-receptors (mouse vas deferens assay) ligand, induces an antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate test and tail-immersion test after intracerebroventricular administration.	n(beta	106-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
19376576-1	2009	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the newly synthesized analog of enkephalin, cyclo[N(epsilon),N(beta)-carbonyl-D-Lys(2), Dap(5)] enkephalinamide (cUENK6), a highly potent mu- (guinea pig ileum assay) and delta-receptors (mouse vas deferens assay) ligand, induces an antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate test and tail-immersion test after intracerebroventricular administration.	carbonyl	114-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
19244586-2	2009	Because (d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-receptor agonist, injected intravenously and locally in the caudal medullary raphe region (cMRR) decreased the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia, we hypothesized that these treatments could inhibit sigh responses to these chemical stimuli.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19164277-11	2009	Moreover we showed that injecting synthetic PENK 114-133 and PENK 239-260 into the striatum robustly increased glutamate release in this region.	Glutamic Acid	111-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
19164277-11	2009	Moreover we showed that injecting synthetic PENK 114-133 and PENK 239-260 into the striatum robustly increased glutamate release in this region.	Glutamic Acid	111-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
19168708-6	2009	The selective DOR agonist [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin, having no apparent effect on glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in neurons from control rats, produced a significant, dose-dependent inhibition of the synaptic current in neurons from those morphine-treated rats.	Morphine	266-274	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
19244528-4	2009	CXCR4-induced G alpha(i)/G betagamma activities were suppressed after 24 h treatment of cortical neurons with morphine or the selective mu-opioid agonist DAMGO (D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe(4)-glycol(5)-enkephalin), as shown by analysis of downstream targets of CXCR4 (i.e., cAMP, Akt, and ERK1/2).	Morphine	110-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
19100723-1	2009	Opiate-induced alterations in the gene expression of the opioid propeptides prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) in the brain have previously been described.	Opiate Alkaloids	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-113
19100723-1	2009	Opiate-induced alterations in the gene expression of the opioid propeptides prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) in the brain have previously been described.	Opiate Alkaloids	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
19100723-6	2009	In addition, to dissociate pharmacological effects of heroin from those produced by motivational processes driving active heroin intake on the PDYN and PENK gene expression, we compared effects of response-dependent (contingent) and response-independent (noncontingent--"yoked" heroin control) heroin administration.	Heroin	122-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
19100723-6	2009	In addition, to dissociate pharmacological effects of heroin from those produced by motivational processes driving active heroin intake on the PDYN and PENK gene expression, we compared effects of response-dependent (contingent) and response-independent (noncontingent--"yoked" heroin control) heroin administration.	Heroin	122-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
19244528-4	2009	CXCR4-induced G alpha(i)/G betagamma activities were suppressed after 24 h treatment of cortical neurons with morphine or the selective mu-opioid agonist DAMGO (D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe(4)-glycol(5)-enkephalin), as shown by analysis of downstream targets of CXCR4 (i.e., cAMP, Akt, and ERK1/2).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	154-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
18761380-0	2009	Transgene-mediated enkephalin expression attenuates signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats with neuropathic pain.	Naloxone	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
18761380-0	2009	Transgene-mediated enkephalin expression attenuates signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats with neuropathic pain.	Morphine	83-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
18761380-2	2009	Previous studies have shown that there is a decrease in met-enkephalin levels in states of morphine physical dependence, and that increasing enkephalin during opiate physical withdrawal ameliorates the severity of the morphine withdrawal syndrome.	Morphine	91-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
18761380-2	2009	Previous studies have shown that there is a decrease in met-enkephalin levels in states of morphine physical dependence, and that increasing enkephalin during opiate physical withdrawal ameliorates the severity of the morphine withdrawal syndrome.	Morphine	218-226	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
20377371-5	2009	Functionally, enkephalin vector-treated animals showed reductions in bladder hyperactivity and nociceptive behavior induced by intravesical application of capsaicin; however, vector-mediated expression of enkephalin did not alter normal voiding.	Capsaicin	155-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
20377371-6	2009	This antinociceptive effect of enkephalin gene therapy was antagonized by naloxone hydrochloride administration.	Naloxone	74-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
18588953-4	2008	The inhibition of opioid binding was further investigated using other synthetic and natural mu-opioid ligands such as [D-Ala(2),(NMe)Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), morphine and naloxone.	methylamine	129-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
18938155-3	2008	An animal model of vincristine-induced sensory neuropathy was developed after repeated intraperitoneal injection in male rats and used in the present work to study the effects of PL37, an orally active complete dual inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, on mechanical hypersensitivity and allodynia and on cold allodynia.	PL37	179-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	229-239
18216773-1	2008	Amygdala opioids such as enkephalin appear to play some role in the control of anxiety and the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines, although the opioid receptor subtypes mediating such effects are unclear.	Benzodiazepines	117-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
18216773-4	2008	Either the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), or the MOR antagonists Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) or beta-funaltrexamine (FNA) were bilaterally infused into the CEA of rats before testing.	nme-phe	34-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
18216773-4	2008	Either the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), or the MOR antagonists Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP) or beta-funaltrexamine (FNA) were bilaterally infused into the CEA of rats before testing.	gly-ol	46-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
18587007-4	2008	On stimulation with selected agonists ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin, enkephalin-heptapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, morphine, and methadone), surface density of the MOP decreased, whereas the lateral mobility increased.	Morphine	135-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
18587007-4	2008	On stimulation with selected agonists ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin, enkephalin-heptapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, morphine, and methadone), surface density of the MOP decreased, whereas the lateral mobility increased.	Methadone	149-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
18674887-9	2008	Other significant THC-induced effects were confined to the NAc - increased anandamide, decreased Met-enkephalin and decreased microORs.	Dronabinol	18-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
18588953-4	2008	The inhibition of opioid binding was further investigated using other synthetic and natural mu-opioid ligands such as [D-Ala(2),(NMe)Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), morphine and naloxone.	Phenylalanine	133-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
18499626-4	2008	administration of endomorphin-1 and -2 on nociception assays and G protein activation with those of [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a highly effective peptidic mu-opioid receptor agonist.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	110-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	d-pen	33-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	d-pen	43-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	N-Methylaspartate	168-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	deltorphin II, Ala(2)-	194-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	Remifentanil	237-249	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18648240-8	2008	Selective delta-opioid agonists [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin and deltorphin II displayed a similar bell-shaped concentration-response relation for the enhancement of NMDA responses, and 10 nM deltorphin II occluded the effects of 4 nM remifentanil on NMDA responses.	N-Methylaspartate	253-257	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
18492947-0	2008	Antinociception produced by 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is mediated by the activation of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin in the rat ventrolateral periaqueductal gray.	14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid	28-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
18572425-3	2008	Rats were injected with different doses (0, 0.05, 0.5 or 5 microg/0.5 microl) of [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) into the dorsal striatum daily (Exp.	Tritium	82-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
18572425-3	2008	Rats were injected with different doses (0, 0.05, 0.5 or 5 microg/0.5 microl) of [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) into the dorsal striatum daily (Exp.	mephe4	94-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	n-mephe4	47-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	gly5-ol	56-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	acetate salt	76-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	Sucrose	101-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	Sucrose	278-285	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18525010-5	2008	However, although the mu opioid DAMGO, [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin acetate salt, stimulated sucrose intake at all four CNS sites, the ventral tegmental area was the only sensitive site for a direct effect of insulin to antagonize acute (60 min) micro opioid-stimulated sucrose feeding: sucrose intake was 53+/-8% of DAMGO-induced feeding, when insulin was coadministered with DAMGO.	Sucrose	278-285	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
18579164-4	2008	In this study, we determined the role of delta-opioid receptors expressed on TRPV1 sensory neurons in the antinociceptive effect of the delta-opioid receptor agonists [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin and [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin.	d-pen	168-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
18579164-4	2008	In this study, we determined the role of delta-opioid receptors expressed on TRPV1 sensory neurons in the antinociceptive effect of the delta-opioid receptor agonists [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin and [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin.	d-pen	177-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
18579164-4	2008	In this study, we determined the role of delta-opioid receptors expressed on TRPV1 sensory neurons in the antinociceptive effect of the delta-opioid receptor agonists [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin and [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin.	Glutamic Acid	212-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
18579164-4	2008	In this study, we determined the role of delta-opioid receptors expressed on TRPV1 sensory neurons in the antinociceptive effect of the delta-opioid receptor agonists [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin and [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin.	deltorphin	220-230	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
18579164-9	2008	Interestingly, intrathecal injection of [D-Pen(2),d-Pen(5)]-enkephalin or [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin produced a large and prolonged increase in the nociceptive threshold in RTX-treated rats.	[d-pen	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
18579164-9	2008	Interestingly, intrathecal injection of [D-Pen(2),d-Pen(5)]-enkephalin or [D-Ala(2),Glu(4)]-deltorphin produced a large and prolonged increase in the nociceptive threshold in RTX-treated rats.	resiniferatoxin	175-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
18434033-4	2008	The delta-opioid agonists [d-Pen(2),d-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE) and deltorphin II produced a greater inhibition of high voltage-activated I(Ca) in IB(4)-negative than IB(4)-positive neurons.	d-pen	27-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
18343590-12	2008	Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, conversely, silenced VTA GABAergic neurons and inhibited IPSCs.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	42-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
18359165-3	2008	Sciatic nerve ligation suppressed a place preference induced by the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)] enkephalin (DAMGO) and reduced both the increase in the level of extracellular dopamine by s.c. morphine in the nucleus accumbens and guanosine-5"-o-(3-[(35)S]thio) triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding to membranes of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced by DAMGO.	n-mephe	116-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
18359165-3	2008	Sciatic nerve ligation suppressed a place preference induced by the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [d-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)] enkephalin (DAMGO) and reduced both the increase in the level of extracellular dopamine by s.c. morphine in the nucleus accumbens and guanosine-5"-o-(3-[(35)S]thio) triphosphate ([(35)S]GTPgammaS) binding to membranes of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) induced by DAMGO.	gly-ol	128-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
18045517-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To provide a sound cell source for further ex-vivo gene therapy for chronic pain, we attempt to develop an immortalized rat astrocyte cell line that expresses enkephalin regulated by doxycycline.	Doxycycline	194-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
18441391-8	2008	The mu opioid ligand - [(3)H]-(D-Ala(2), -N-MePhe(4), Glyol(5)) Enkephalin was used to obtain binding characteristics of the control and TAA rat brain membranes.	Tritium	23-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
18441391-8	2008	The mu opioid ligand - [(3)H]-(D-Ala(2), -N-MePhe(4), Glyol(5)) Enkephalin was used to obtain binding characteristics of the control and TAA rat brain membranes.	-n-mephe	41-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
18441391-8	2008	The mu opioid ligand - [(3)H]-(D-Ala(2), -N-MePhe(4), Glyol(5)) Enkephalin was used to obtain binding characteristics of the control and TAA rat brain membranes.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	54-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
18296865-1	2008	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu(5)]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	amastatin	209-218	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
18296865-1	2008	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Leu(5)]enkephalin during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	phosphoramidon	235-249	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17720257-7	2007	Furthermore, repeated amphetamine administration increased drug-induced Fos expression in enkephalin-positive, but not enkephalin-negative, neurons in nucleus accumbens.	Amphetamine	22-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
17720257-8	2007	We conclude that repeated amphetamine administration outside the home cage recruits the activation of enkephalin-containing nucleus accumbens neurons during sensitized amphetamine-induced psychomotor activity.	Amphetamine	26-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
17720257-8	2007	We conclude that repeated amphetamine administration outside the home cage recruits the activation of enkephalin-containing nucleus accumbens neurons during sensitized amphetamine-induced psychomotor activity.	Amphetamine	168-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
18082882-5	2008	Measurements of immunoreactive (ir) Met-enkephalin-Arg6Phe7 (MEAP) and dynorphin B (DYNB) peptide levels in the pituitary gland and in a number of brain areas, were performed at three and 10 weeks of age, respectively.	arg6phe7	51-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
18227978-0	2008	Ethanol-induced changes in proenkephalin mRNA expression in the rat nigrostriatal pathway.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
18227978-4	2008	The aim of this work was to study the effects of acute ethanol administration on proenkephalin (proenk) mRNA expression in the rat substantia nigra and caudate-putamen (CP) for up to 24 h post treatment.	Ethanol	55-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-94
18227978-9	2008	Alterations in enkephalin expression in the substantia nigra and CP in response to ethanol exposure could be involved in the mechanisms underlying brain sensitivity to the drug.	Ethanol	83-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
17467904-12	2007	In depleted brain membranes, the kappa(2b)-ligand, leu-enkephalin, prevented oxycodone"s displacement of high-affinity [(3)H]bremazocine binding, suggesting the notion that oxycodone is a kappa(2b)-opioid ligand.	Oxycodone	77-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
17467904-12	2007	In depleted brain membranes, the kappa(2b)-ligand, leu-enkephalin, prevented oxycodone"s displacement of high-affinity [(3)H]bremazocine binding, suggesting the notion that oxycodone is a kappa(2b)-opioid ligand.	bremazocine	125-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
17467904-12	2007	In depleted brain membranes, the kappa(2b)-ligand, leu-enkephalin, prevented oxycodone"s displacement of high-affinity [(3)H]bremazocine binding, suggesting the notion that oxycodone is a kappa(2b)-opioid ligand.	Oxycodone	173-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
18045517-2	2007	METHODS: Retrovirus infection method was employed to develop an immortalized rat astrocyte cell line that could express enkephalin regulated by doxycycline.	Doxycycline	144-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
18045517-4	2007	RESULTS: IAC carrying Tet-on system transfected with preproenkephalin gene could secrete enkephalin that was regulated by doxycycline in a dose-dependent manner and hPPE gene activation could be repeated in on-off-on cycles through administration or removal of doxycycline.	tetramethylenedisulfotetramine	22-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
18045517-4	2007	RESULTS: IAC carrying Tet-on system transfected with preproenkephalin gene could secrete enkephalin that was regulated by doxycycline in a dose-dependent manner and hPPE gene activation could be repeated in on-off-on cycles through administration or removal of doxycycline.	Doxycycline	122-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
18045517-4	2007	RESULTS: IAC carrying Tet-on system transfected with preproenkephalin gene could secrete enkephalin that was regulated by doxycycline in a dose-dependent manner and hPPE gene activation could be repeated in on-off-on cycles through administration or removal of doxycycline.	Doxycycline	261-272	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
18045517-5	2007	CONCLUSION: An immortalized rat astrocyte cell line that secrete enkephalin under the control of doxycycline is established successfully, which provides a research basis for transgenic cell transplantation for analgesia.	Doxycycline	97-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
17949415-4	2007	In the afternoon, the NK(1)R antagonist response required the suppression of the enkephalin/MOR inhibitory control of acetylcholine release by betafunaltrexamine.	Acetylcholine	118-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
17949415-4	2007	In the afternoon, the NK(1)R antagonist response required the suppression of the enkephalin/MOR inhibitory control of acetylcholine release by betafunaltrexamine.	beta-funaltrexamine	143-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
17604950-5	2007	END and ENK release triggered by a CXCR1/2 ligand in vitro was dependent on the presence of cytochalasin B (CyB) and on p38 MAPK, but not on p42/44 MAPK.	Cytochalasin B	92-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
17604950-6	2007	In addition, translocation of END and ENK containing primary granules to submembranous regions of the cell was abolished by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580.	SB 203580	147-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
17604950-5	2007	END and ENK release triggered by a CXCR1/2 ligand in vitro was dependent on the presence of cytochalasin B (CyB) and on p38 MAPK, but not on p42/44 MAPK.	Cytochalasin B	108-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
17704092-2	2007	However, the DOP agonist [d-Ala(2), d-Leu(5)]enkephalin (DADLE) does not produce neuroprotection in severe forebrain ischaemia.	Diethylhexyl Phthalate	13-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
17898143-4	2007	Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from neurons within the NTS, the mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 100 nM) hyperpolarized a proportion of neurons in the medial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral NTS, whereas no postsynaptic responses were observed in remaining subdivisions.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
17898143-4	2007	Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from neurons within the NTS, the mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 100 nM) hyperpolarized a proportion of neurons in the medial, dorsomedial and dorsolateral NTS, whereas no postsynaptic responses were observed in remaining subdivisions.	gly(5)-ol]	129-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
17722034-1	2007	The lateral subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) comprises two groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons that express corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	93-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
17722034-1	2007	The lateral subdivision of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) comprises two groups of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons that express corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	118-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
17845912-5	2007	dose-dependently and completely inhibited writhing, being 24-598-fold more potent, depending on the administration route, than two selective MOR agonists, the enkephalin analogue [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) and morphine.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	189-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
17763995-3	2007	At the same time, leucine-enkephalin produced reversible increases in the amplitude of the inward potassium current.	Potassium	98-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
17878706-1	2007	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is largely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	Phenylalanine	85-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17878706-1	2007	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is largely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	amastatin	213-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17878706-1	2007	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is largely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	Captopril	224-233	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17878706-1	2007	Previous in vitro studies have shown that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) during incubation with cerebral membrane preparations is largely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril, and phosphoramidon.	phosphoramidon	239-253	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17878706-2	2007	The present in vivo study shows that the inhibitory effect of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) administered intra-third-ventricularly on the tail-flick response was increased more than 1000-fold by the intra-third-ventricular pretreatment with three peptidase inhibitors.	Arginine	81-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
17878706-2	2007	The present in vivo study shows that the inhibitory effect of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) administered intra-third-ventricularly on the tail-flick response was increased more than 1000-fold by the intra-third-ventricular pretreatment with three peptidase inhibitors.	Phenylalanine	88-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
17878706-3	2007	The antinociceptive effect produced by the [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) in rats pretreated with any combination of two peptidase inhibitors was significantly smaller than that in rats pretreated with three peptidase inhibitors, indicating that any residual single peptidase could inactivate significant amounts of the [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7).	Phenylalanine	67-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
17878706-3	2007	The antinociceptive effect produced by the [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7) in rats pretreated with any combination of two peptidase inhibitors was significantly smaller than that in rats pretreated with three peptidase inhibitors, indicating that any residual single peptidase could inactivate significant amounts of the [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg(6)-Phe(7).	Phenylalanine	68-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
17763995-4	2007	These results provide evidence that the inhibitory effect of leucine-enkephalin at the level of respiratory center neurons is at least in part explained by its stimulatory action on the inward potassium current but is not associated with modulation of the potassium A current.	Potassium	193-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
17672854-3	2007	The administration of 3NP reduced GABA contents and also mRNA levels for several markers of striatal GABAergic projection neurons, including proenkephalin (PENK), substance P (SP) and neuronal-specific enolase (NSE).	3np	22-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-154
17672854-5	2007	The administration of CBD, but not ACEA or HU-308, completely reversed 3NP-induced reductions in GABA contents and mRNA levels for SP, NSE and SOD-2, and partially attenuated those found in SOD-1 and PENK.	Cannabidiol	22-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-204
17672854-3	2007	The administration of 3NP reduced GABA contents and also mRNA levels for several markers of striatal GABAergic projection neurons, including proenkephalin (PENK), substance P (SP) and neuronal-specific enolase (NSE).	3np	22-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
17063152-7	2007	These results point to a role for the mu-opioid receptor, TH, PENK, CRF, CB1-R, and 5-HTT genes in specific brain regions in the modulation of neuroadaptative mechanisms associated to the decrease of ethanol intake induced by naltrexone.	Ethanol	200-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
17577392-4	2007	The ethanol-induced excitation of DA neurons is considerably attenuated by DAMGO (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol enkephalin), a mu-opioid agonist that suppresses firing of GABAergic neurons, or by naloxone, a general opioid antagonist.	Ethanol	4-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
17577392-4	2007	The ethanol-induced excitation of DA neurons is considerably attenuated by DAMGO (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol enkephalin), a mu-opioid agonist that suppresses firing of GABAergic neurons, or by naloxone, a general opioid antagonist.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	75-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
17577392-4	2007	The ethanol-induced excitation of DA neurons is considerably attenuated by DAMGO (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol enkephalin), a mu-opioid agonist that suppresses firing of GABAergic neurons, or by naloxone, a general opioid antagonist.	Naloxone	196-204	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
17574751-1	2007	The objective of this study was to determine if prenatal cocaine affects the levels of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNA in male and female adolescent rats.	Cocaine	57-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-117
17379421-5	2007	We then investigated whether peripheral application of a MOR agonist, D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol-enkephalin acetate salt (DAMGO), attenuates masseter nociception induced by masseteric infusion of hypertonic saline (HS) in lightly anesthetized rats.	n-me-phe4	78-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
17537495-0	2007	Changes in Proenkephalin mRNA expression in forebrain areas after amphetamine-induced behavioural sensitization.	Amphetamine	66-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-24
17537495-4	2007	In order to investigate a possible involvement of opioid systems in amphetamine (AMPH) behavioural sensitization, we studied the AMPH-induced changes in Proenkephalin (Pro-Enk) mRNA expression in forebrain areas in both drug-naive and AMPH-sensitized rats.	Amphetamine	129-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-166
17537495-4	2007	In order to investigate a possible involvement of opioid systems in amphetamine (AMPH) behavioural sensitization, we studied the AMPH-induced changes in Proenkephalin (Pro-Enk) mRNA expression in forebrain areas in both drug-naive and AMPH-sensitized rats.	Amphetamine	129-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
17537495-4	2007	In order to investigate a possible involvement of opioid systems in amphetamine (AMPH) behavioural sensitization, we studied the AMPH-induced changes in Proenkephalin (Pro-Enk) mRNA expression in forebrain areas in both drug-naive and AMPH-sensitized rats.	Amphetamine	129-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-166
17537495-4	2007	In order to investigate a possible involvement of opioid systems in amphetamine (AMPH) behavioural sensitization, we studied the AMPH-induced changes in Proenkephalin (Pro-Enk) mRNA expression in forebrain areas in both drug-naive and AMPH-sensitized rats.	Amphetamine	129-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
17537495-7	2007	AMPH injection induced an increase in Pro-Enk mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens and the medial-posterior caudate-putamen in drug-naive rats.	Amphetamine	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-45
17537495-8	2007	Challenge with AMPH to rats injected 1 week earlier with AMPH induced motor sensitization and increased and decreased Pro-Enk mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior medial caudate-putamen, respectively.	Amphetamine	15-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
17537495-8	2007	Challenge with AMPH to rats injected 1 week earlier with AMPH induced motor sensitization and increased and decreased Pro-Enk mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior medial caudate-putamen, respectively.	Amphetamine	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	n-mephe	75-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
17244622-5	2007	Furthermore, expression of cathepsin L with PE resulted in increased amounts of nicotine-induced secretion of (Met)enkephalin.	Nicotine	80-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
17244622-5	2007	Furthermore, expression of cathepsin L with PE resulted in increased amounts of nicotine-induced secretion of (Met)enkephalin.	Nicotine	80-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
17224239-0	2007	The influence of group III metabotropic glutamate receptor stimulation by (1S,3R,4S)-1-aminocyclo-pentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid on the parkinsonian-like akinesia and striatal proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA expression in rats.	(1s,3r,4s)-1-aminocyclo-pentane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid	74-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-191
17224239-6	2007	Haloperidol (3 x 1.5 mg/kg s.c.) significantly increased PENK mRNA expression in the striatum, while PDYN mRNA levels were not affected by that treatment.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
17224239-7	2007	ACPT-1 (3 x 1.6 microg/0.5 microl/side) injected into the striatum significantly attenuated the haloperidol-increased PENK mRNA expression, whereas administration of that compound into the GP or SNr did not influence the haloperidol-increased striatal PENK mRNA levels.	Haloperidol	96-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
17224239-7	2007	ACPT-1 (3 x 1.6 microg/0.5 microl/side) injected into the striatum significantly attenuated the haloperidol-increased PENK mRNA expression, whereas administration of that compound into the GP or SNr did not influence the haloperidol-increased striatal PENK mRNA levels.	Haloperidol	96-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	252-256
16876136-5	2007	THC exposure reduced preproenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens during early development, but was elevated in adulthood; no adult striatal changes on preprodynorphin mRNA or PENK in caudate-putamen.	Dronabinol	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-37
16876136-5	2007	THC exposure reduced preproenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens during early development, but was elevated in adulthood; no adult striatal changes on preprodynorphin mRNA or PENK in caudate-putamen.	Dronabinol	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
16876136-6	2007	PENK mRNA was also increased in the central and medial amygdala in adult THC-exposed animals.	Dronabinol	73-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16876136-8	2007	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates enduring effects of prenatal THC exposure into adulthood that is evident on heroin-seeking behavior during extinction and allostatic changes in mesocorticolimbic PENK systems relevant to drug motivation/reward and stress response.	Dronabinol	66-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
17425581-2	2007	In the limbic-prefrontal territory of the dorsal striatum, enkephalin inhibits the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine directly through micro-opioid receptors (MORs) located on cholinergic interneurons and indirectly through MORs of output neurons of striosomes.	N-Methylaspartate	83-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
17425581-2	2007	In the limbic-prefrontal territory of the dorsal striatum, enkephalin inhibits the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine directly through micro-opioid receptors (MORs) located on cholinergic interneurons and indirectly through MORs of output neurons of striosomes.	Acetylcholine	106-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
17425581-5	2007	Accordingly, the direct enkephalin-MOR control of acetylcholine release was preserved after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and lost after cocaine exposure.	Acetylcholine	50-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
17425581-5	2007	Accordingly, the direct enkephalin-MOR control of acetylcholine release was preserved after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and lost after cocaine exposure.	Oxidopamine	92-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
17425581-5	2007	Accordingly, the direct enkephalin-MOR control of acetylcholine release was preserved after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment and lost after cocaine exposure.	Cocaine	135-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
17425581-7	2007	Accordingly, the indirect enkephalin-MOR control of acetylcholine release disappeared in the 6-hydroxydopamine situation but surprisingly, despite preservation of MORs in striosomes, disappeared after cocaine treatment.	Acetylcholine	52-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
17425581-7	2007	Accordingly, the indirect enkephalin-MOR control of acetylcholine release disappeared in the 6-hydroxydopamine situation but surprisingly, despite preservation of MORs in striosomes, disappeared after cocaine treatment.	Oxidopamine	93-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
17425581-8	2007	Showing that MORs of striosomes are still functional in this situation, the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin inhibited the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine after cocaine exposure.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
17425581-8	2007	Showing that MORs of striosomes are still functional in this situation, the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin inhibited the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine after cocaine exposure.	gly(5)-ol	110-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
17425581-8	2007	Showing that MORs of striosomes are still functional in this situation, the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin inhibited the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine after cocaine exposure.	N-Methylaspartate	146-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
17425581-8	2007	Showing that MORs of striosomes are still functional in this situation, the MOR agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin inhibited the NMDA-evoked release of acetylcholine after cocaine exposure.	Acetylcholine	169-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
17425581-9	2007	Therefore, alteration in the regulation of cholinergic transmission by the enkephalin-MOR system might play a major role in the motivational and cognitive disorders associated with dopamine dysfunctions in fronto-cortico-basal ganglia circuits.	Dopamine	181-189	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
17430260-5	2007	[D-Ala(2), Phe(4), Gly(5)]-enkephalin (DAGO; mu-opioid agonist), [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE; delta1-opioid agonist), deltorpin II (delta2-opioid agonist), and U-50488 (kappa-opioid agonist) were administered intracerebroventricularly at graded doses.	Phenylalanine	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
17174279-0	2007	Differential regulation of the tyrosine hydroxylase and enkephalin neuropeptide transmitter genes in rat PC12 cells by short chain fatty acids: concentration-dependent effects on transcription and RNA stability.	Fatty Acids, Volatile	119-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	gly-ol	86-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	Cyclic AMP	118-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	Cyclic AMP	130-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	Dinoprostone	164-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
17157995-5	2007	Furthermore, we show that the mu opioid receptor agonist, DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin), inhibits cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) stimulation in bradykinin-primed, but not unprimed, cultured trigeminal ganglia neurons.	Prostaglandins E	182-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-158
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-158
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	Haloperidol	123-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-158
16699817-5	2007	MPEP administered systemically and mGluR1 antagonists (AIDA, CPCCOEt, LY367385) injected intrastriatally reversed also the haloperidol-increased proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the striatopallidal pathway.	Haloperidol	123-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
16699817-7	2007	Intrastriatal injection of this compound reduced the striatal PENK expression induced by haloperidol.	Haloperidol	89-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
16699817-9	2007	Moreover, a mixed mGluR8 agonist/AMPA antagonist, (R,S)-3,4-DCPG, administered systemically evoked catalepsy and enhanced both the catalepsy and PENK expression induced by haloperidol.	3,4-dicarboxyphenylglycine	50-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
16699817-9	2007	Moreover, a mixed mGluR8 agonist/AMPA antagonist, (R,S)-3,4-DCPG, administered systemically evoked catalepsy and enhanced both the catalepsy and PENK expression induced by haloperidol.	Haloperidol	172-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-149
18297989-2	2007	Met-enkephalin and alpha-MSH exhibited cytoprotective effects individually and statistically significant additive effect was registered when both peptides were applied in combination on the model of ethanol induced gastric lesions in rats.	Ethanol	199-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
17250616-4	2007	The effect of ethanol on GAL, ENK, and DYN mRNA was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and radiolabeled in situ hybridization, while radioimmunoassay was used to measure peptide levels.	Ethanol	14-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
17120290-8	2007	Enkephalin immunolabeling was detected within a single morphological subpopulation of nonpyramidal neurons located predominantly in lamina II/III, 30% (33/109) of which were also GABA immunopositive.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	179-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17598161-6	2007	Across all regions of the hippocampus, activation of G proteins by the cholinergic agonist carbachol and the mu opioid agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Met-Phe(4), Gly(5)] enkephalin (DAMGO) was ordered by the degree of hypoxia such that sustained hypoxia &gt; intermittent hypoxia &gt; room air.	n-met-phe	138-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
16996647-5	2006	Low doses of the mu opioid receptor agonist DAMGO [d-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4)-Glycol(5)]-enkephalin administered to Osborne-Mendel rats caused a significant increase in the preference for a diet high in fat.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	44-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
17483578-2	2007	Recent evidence suggests that acute furosemide decreases both dopamine uptake and striatal dopamine transporter density and increases enkephalin mRNA levels in the nucleus accumbens (Acb).	Furosemide	36-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
17483578-8	2007	Additionally, in rats previously primed with furosemide to crave salt in a "need-free" manner, salt intake was augmented in the VTA and reduced in the AcbSh after infusion of [D-Ser(2),Leu(5),Thr(6)]-enkephalin.	Furosemide	45-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
17483578-8	2007	Additionally, in rats previously primed with furosemide to crave salt in a "need-free" manner, salt intake was augmented in the VTA and reduced in the AcbSh after infusion of [D-Ser(2),Leu(5),Thr(6)]-enkephalin.	Salts	95-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
16904191-1	2006	We analyzed effects of amphetamine on proenkephalin-derived peptides in brain areas and immune cells in rats.	Amphetamine	23-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-51
17049180-4	2006	When pellets of either flavor were presented alone, microinjection of d-Ala(2),N,Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin (DAMGO (a mu opioid receptor (MOP) agonist)) into the NAcc increased consumption of pellets of both flavors equally.	n,me-phe	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
17049180-4	2006	When pellets of either flavor were presented alone, microinjection of d-Ala(2),N,Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin (DAMGO (a mu opioid receptor (MOP) agonist)) into the NAcc increased consumption of pellets of both flavors equally.	gly-ol	91-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
16814775-4	2006	Systemic administration of heroin or microelectrophoretic application of the selective muOR agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate (heroin IC(50) = 0.35 mg/kg) and was blocked by the muOR antagonist naloxone.	Heroin	27-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
16814775-4	2006	Systemic administration of heroin or microelectrophoretic application of the selective muOR agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate (heroin IC(50) = 0.35 mg/kg) and was blocked by the muOR antagonist naloxone.	n-me-phe4	109-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
16814775-4	2006	Systemic administration of heroin or microelectrophoretic application of the selective muOR agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate (heroin IC(50) = 0.35 mg/kg) and was blocked by the muOR antagonist naloxone.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	159-163	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
16814775-4	2006	Systemic administration of heroin or microelectrophoretic application of the selective muOR agonist [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) reduced VTA GABA neuron firing rate (heroin IC(50) = 0.35 mg/kg) and was blocked by the muOR antagonist naloxone.	Naloxone	251-259	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
17109943-2	2006	In previous experiments, overexpression of enkephalin in the amygdala enhanced the anxiolytic actions of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam in the elevated plus maze.	Benzodiazepines	109-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
17109943-2	2006	In previous experiments, overexpression of enkephalin in the amygdala enhanced the anxiolytic actions of the benzodiazepine agonist diazepam in the elevated plus maze.	Diazepam	132-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
17108160-6	2006	Rhythm was abolished by low nanomolar concentrations of the mu-opiate receptor agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin).	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	94-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
16407481-3	2006	In cultures of dissociated interneurons, the mGluRI antagonists LY367385 and MPEP reduced the increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB induced by NMDA as well as the expression of the proenkephalin (PEnk) gene.	alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-217
16407481-3	2006	In cultures of dissociated interneurons, the mGluRI antagonists LY367385 and MPEP reduced the increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB induced by NMDA as well as the expression of the proenkephalin (PEnk) gene.	alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
16407481-3	2006	In cultures of dissociated interneurons, the mGluRI antagonists LY367385 and MPEP reduced the increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB induced by NMDA as well as the expression of the proenkephalin (PEnk) gene.	6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine	77-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-217
16407481-3	2006	In cultures of dissociated interneurons, the mGluRI antagonists LY367385 and MPEP reduced the increase in phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB induced by NMDA as well as the expression of the proenkephalin (PEnk) gene.	6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine	77-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
16407481-6	2006	In organotypic cultures of neocortex, endogenous glutamate enhanced the PEnk gene expression by acting on NMDA and AMPA receptors.	Glutamic Acid	49-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
17047937-0	2006	Ethanol exposure differentially alters pro-enkephalin mRNA expression in regions of the mesocorticolimbic system.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-53
17047937-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the effects of a high dose of ethanol (2.5 g/kg body weight) on pro-enkephalin (pro-enk) mRNA expression in brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic system for up to 24 h after drug administration.	Ethanol	75-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-123
17047937-3	2006	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the effects of a high dose of ethanol (2.5 g/kg body weight) on pro-enkephalin (pro-enk) mRNA expression in brain regions of the mesocorticolimbic system for up to 24 h after drug administration.	Ethanol	75-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-116
17047937-6	2006	RESULTS: Acute ethanol administration induced a transient decrease and increase in pro-enk mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area (33.2%) and prefrontal cortex (26.5%) 2 and 4 h after treatment, respectively.	Ethanol	15-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
17047937-7	2006	In contrast, ethanol induced prolonged increases in pro-enk mRNA expression in the core and shell regions of the nucleus accumbens, with different kinetics.	Ethanol	13-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
17047937-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that enkephalin expression in regions of the rat mesocorticolimbic system is differentially altered by acute ethanol treatment and suggest that enkephalins may play a key role in ethanol reinforcement mechanisms.	Ethanol	143-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
17047937-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that enkephalin expression in regions of the rat mesocorticolimbic system is differentially altered by acute ethanol treatment and suggest that enkephalins may play a key role in ethanol reinforcement mechanisms.	Ethanol	213-220	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
16904191-4	2006	The influence of met-ENK in key brain areas for sensitization and in immune organs is consistent with the idea that changes on met-ENK could underlie amphetamine"s effects on brain and IS.	Amphetamine	150-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
16904191-4	2006	The influence of met-ENK in key brain areas for sensitization and in immune organs is consistent with the idea that changes on met-ENK could underlie amphetamine"s effects on brain and IS.	Amphetamine	150-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
16847679-6	2006	We infused the agonist, [D: -Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Glycinol(5)]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), 1 week after beta-FNA to probe the acute effects of exogenous stimulation of MORs on palatable food intake.	Alanine	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
16847679-6	2006	We infused the agonist, [D: -Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Glycinol(5)]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), 1 week after beta-FNA to probe the acute effects of exogenous stimulation of MORs on palatable food intake.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	37-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
16847679-6	2006	We infused the agonist, [D: -Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Glycinol(5)]-Enkephalin (DAMGO), 1 week after beta-FNA to probe the acute effects of exogenous stimulation of MORs on palatable food intake.	glycinol	50-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
16771831-6	2006	Single-cell analysis showed that zif-268 mRNA modifications occurred in Enk(+) striatopallidal neurons after acute or subchronic treatment with caffeine and in Enk(-) striatonigral neurons after acute amphetamine administration.	Caffeine	144-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
16739166-7	2006	Double labeling studies showed that nicotine induced c-fos expression within CRF cells in the PVN, as well as in a small population of ENK cells, but not in PVN DYN cells.	Nicotine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
16739166-8	2006	In contrast, there was no significant nicotine-induced increase in c-fos expression in CEA CRF or DYN cells, whereas nicotine treatment did increase c-fos expression within CEA ENK cells.	Nicotine	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
16467418-3	2006	The effect of morphine and (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) was measured by testing the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold in rats treated with RTX or vehicle.	n-me-phe4	35-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
16628615-8	2006	In addition, we found that the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the pontine parabrachial nucleus provide a moderate ENK input to the CEA and MEA.	cea	145-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
16467418-3	2006	The effect of morphine and (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) was measured by testing the paw mechanical withdrawal threshold in rats treated with RTX or vehicle.	resiniferatoxin	158-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
16455064-0	2006	Postnatal administration of D1 dopamine agonist reverses neonatal dopaminergic lesion-induced changes in striatal enkephalin and substance P systems.	Dopamine	31-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
16377088-4	2006	Forskolin-induced cAMP formation was inhibited by [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO 1 microM), a specific MOR agonist.	Colforsin	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
16377088-4	2006	Forskolin-induced cAMP formation was inhibited by [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO 1 microM), a specific MOR agonist.	Cyclic AMP	18-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
16377088-4	2006	Forskolin-induced cAMP formation was inhibited by [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO 1 microM), a specific MOR agonist.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
16306173-7	2006	The specific mu opioid receptor agonist, (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM), significantly reduced the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in 77% of cells tested.	(d-ala2,n-me-phe4	41-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
16624955-9	2006	Both EMs displaced binding of [3H]-[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin to mu-receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG).	Tritium	31-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
16624955-9	2006	Both EMs displaced binding of [3H]-[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin to mu-receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG).	n-me-phe4	43-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
16624955-9	2006	Both EMs displaced binding of [3H]-[D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin to mu-receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG).	gly5-ol	53-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
16446799-2	2006	In the cyclic mimetic the intramolecular (1-4) hydrogen bond found in crystalline Leu-enkephalin has been replaced by an ethylene bridge.	Hydrogen	47-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
16446799-2	2006	In the cyclic mimetic the intramolecular (1-4) hydrogen bond found in crystalline Leu-enkephalin has been replaced by an ethylene bridge.	ethylene	121-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
16967091-8	2006	Prolonged treatment with progesterone resulted in significant changes in plasma levels of Met-enkephalin, cortisol and steroids and altered the expression of proenkephalin mRNA in the hypothalamus, pituitary, ovary and adrenals.	Progesterone	25-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
16412997-2	2006	Although regulation of the gene expression of the opioid propeptides proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) by psychostimulants has previously been described, little attention has been paid to dissociating effects of pharmacological actions of the drugs from those produced by motivational processes driving active drug intake in self-administration paradigms.	propeptides	57-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
16412997-2	2006	Although regulation of the gene expression of the opioid propeptides proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) by psychostimulants has previously been described, little attention has been paid to dissociating effects of pharmacological actions of the drugs from those produced by motivational processes driving active drug intake in self-administration paradigms.	propeptides	57-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
16412997-3	2006	In the present study, effects of response-dependent (contingent) and response-independent (noncontingent) cocaine administration on the PENK and PDYN gene expression in the rat forebrain have been directly compared using the "yoked" self-administration procedure.	Cocaine	106-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
16420170-0	2005	Facilitation of fear extinction by midbrain periaqueductal gray infusions of RB101(S), an inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.	RB 101	77-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
16367789-5	2005	These data suggest a novel role for striatal acetylcholine in modulating feeding behavior via its effects on enkephalin gene expression.	Acetylcholine	45-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
16420170-5	2005	Extinction training was preceded by infusions of vehicle or RB101(S), an inhibitor of enkephalin catabolising enzymes.	RB 101	60-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
16120787-6	2005	Morphine-induced endocytosis of MORs was quantitatively similar to that induced by the enkephalin analog D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Glycol5-enkephalin, and endocytosis induced by both ligands was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant version of arrestin-3 (beta-arrestin-2).	d-ala2-n-me-phe4	105-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
16258984-7	2005	These studies showed that the conversion of the cyclic prodrugs to the respective linear peptides (i.e., DADLE and [D-Ala2,Leu5]-Enk) was rapid in rat and guinea pig.	[d-ala2,leu5	115-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
15968457-3	2005	To investigate whether neuroprotection exerted by the A2A antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine (CSC) correlates with a diminution of the striatopallidal pathway activity, we have examined the changes in the mRNA encoding for enkephalin, dynorphin, and adenosine A2A receptors by in situ hybridization induced by subacute systemic pretreatment with CSC in rats with striatal 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) administration.	8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine	69-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
16120787-6	2005	Morphine-induced endocytosis of MORs was quantitatively similar to that induced by the enkephalin analog D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Glycol5-enkephalin, and endocytosis induced by both ligands was inhibited by a dominant-negative mutant version of arrestin-3 (beta-arrestin-2).	d-ala2-n-me-phe4	105-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
16026468-9	2005	(iii) While preproenkephalin mRNA levels remained stable, enkephalin tissue content was the lowest (-32%) in the afternoon when the spontaneous (+35%) and the N-methyl-d-aspartate-evoked (+140%) releases of enkephalin (from microsuperfused slices) were the highest.	N-Methylaspartate	159-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
16026468-10	2005	Therefore, by acting on MORs present on cholinergic interneurons, endogenously released enkephalin reduces ACh release.	Acetylcholine	107-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
15803474-2	2005	In addition, we previously provided ultrastructural evidence showing that ENK is colocalized with glutamate using a combination of pre- and postembedding immunohistochemistry.	Glutamic Acid	98-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
15872098-2	2005	This projection coexpresses GABA and enkephalin, posing a role for mu-opioid receptors in the ventral pallidum in mediating the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.	Cocaine	145-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
15872098-8	2005	These data are consistent with the reinstatement of cocaine seeking being modulated in part by coreleased enkephalin and GABA from the accumbens-ventral pallidal projection, a modulation that may involve the inhibition of GABA release by presynaptic mu receptors.	Cocaine	52-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
15872098-8	2005	These data are consistent with the reinstatement of cocaine seeking being modulated in part by coreleased enkephalin and GABA from the accumbens-ventral pallidal projection, a modulation that may involve the inhibition of GABA release by presynaptic mu receptors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	222-226	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
15806307-8	2005	Naltrexone-induced blockade of all met-Enk receptor subtypes decreased proliferative activity in immature adrenal and raised it in regenerating glands.	Naltrexone	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
15806307-10	2005	In contrast, met-Enk exerted a marked antiproliferogenic effect that was reversed by naltrexone.	Naltrexone	85-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
15839790-3	2005	Independent groups received an injection of either the vehicle or the delta-receptor agonist [D-Ala2-,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol] enkephalin (DPDPE; 24 microg/kg).	d-ala2-,n-me-phe4	94-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
15388784-5	2005	The specific mu opioid receptor agonist, [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM), significantly reduced the frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) without altering the amplitude and decay constant of mIPSCs in 47.6% (10 of 21) of cells tested.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	51-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
15644446-6	2005	Immunohistochemical studies also revealed METH-induced increased FasL protein expression in striatal GABAergic neurons that express enkephalin.	Methamphetamine	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
15816538-0	2005	Serum enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity in N-methyl nitrosourea-induced rat breast cancer.	n-methyl nitrosourea	54-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
15627432-5	2005	mu opioid receptor agonist ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin; DAMGO) or delta opioid receptor agonist ((+)-4-[(aR)-a-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N,N-diethylbenzamide; SNC80).	n-me-phe4	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
15280436-4	2004	In this study, we determined the difference in the modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ currents by [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO, a specific mu opioid agonist) between IB4-positive and -negative small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.	n-me-phe4	104-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
15939541-9	2005	Application of a mu-opioid agonist, [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, transformed the burst pattern of post-inspiratory neurons into that of pre-inspiratory neurons.	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	36-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
15527743-4	2004	The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of acute ethanol administration on delta opioid receptors in the rat mesocortical, meso-accumbens and nigrostriatal pathways by quantitative receptor autoradiography, using [(3)H] (2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine)-enkephalin as radioligand.	Ethanol	61-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	271-281
15527743-5	2004	A significant increase in [(3)H] (2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine)-enkephalin binding was observed in the substantia nigra pars reticulata 1 h after ethanol treatment.	[(3)h] (2-d-penicillamine	26-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
15527743-5	2004	A significant increase in [(3)H] (2-D-penicillamine, 5-D-penicillamine)-enkephalin binding was observed in the substantia nigra pars reticulata 1 h after ethanol treatment.	Ethanol	154-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
15475572-2	2005	It has recently been reported that coapplication of low concentrations of [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) facilitates the ability of morphine to stimulate mu-opioid receptor endocytosis and prevents the development of morphine tolerance in rats.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	84-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
15475572-2	2005	It has recently been reported that coapplication of low concentrations of [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) facilitates the ability of morphine to stimulate mu-opioid receptor endocytosis and prevents the development of morphine tolerance in rats.	Morphine	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
15475572-2	2005	It has recently been reported that coapplication of low concentrations of [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) facilitates the ability of morphine to stimulate mu-opioid receptor endocytosis and prevents the development of morphine tolerance in rats.	Morphine	238-246	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
15893634-5	2005	Opioid peptide methionine-enkephalin (ME; 10 microM) produced a significant inhibition (38%) in the amplitude of evoked EPSCs, an action mimicked by the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM, 44%).	n-mephe	190-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
15893634-5	2005	Opioid peptide methionine-enkephalin (ME; 10 microM) produced a significant inhibition (38%) in the amplitude of evoked EPSCs, an action mimicked by the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM, 44%).	gly-ol	201-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
15280436-4	2004	In this study, we determined the difference in the modulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ currents by [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO, a specific mu opioid agonist) between IB4-positive and -negative small dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.	ib4	180-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
15489007-5	2004	In the formalin hindpaw-injection model, 15 days after subarachnoid transplant of cells, grafts of met-enkephalin and pro-enkephalin cells significantly reduced the number of formalin-evoked c-fos immunoreactive spinal neurons in the spinal cord, compared to grafts of vector-alone chromaffin cells.	Formaldehyde	7-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-132
15489007-5	2004	In the formalin hindpaw-injection model, 15 days after subarachnoid transplant of cells, grafts of met-enkephalin and pro-enkephalin cells significantly reduced the number of formalin-evoked c-fos immunoreactive spinal neurons in the spinal cord, compared to grafts of vector-alone chromaffin cells.	Formaldehyde	175-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-132
15489007-5	2004	In the formalin hindpaw-injection model, 15 days after subarachnoid transplant of cells, grafts of met-enkephalin and pro-enkephalin cells significantly reduced the number of formalin-evoked c-fos immunoreactive spinal neurons in the spinal cord, compared to grafts of vector-alone chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	282-292	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-132
15353366-6	2004	Indeed, delta opioid (D-Ala 2, D-Leu 5) enkephalin (DADLE) was shown to induce hibernation.	delta opioid	8-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
15519683-9	2004	These findings suggest that enkephalin and dynorphin in NAc may play important roles in the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of PES on the expression and reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP in rats.	polyether sulfone	139-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
15519683-9	2004	These findings suggest that enkephalin and dynorphin in NAc may play important roles in the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of PES on the expression and reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP in rats.	Morphine	182-190	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
15451387-7	2004	[D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol] enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1-10 nmol), a mu-opioid selective agonist, significantly inhibited antral motility in a dose-dependent manner (n=4).	n-me-phe4	9-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
15451387-7	2004	[D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol] enkephalin (DAMGO, 0.1-10 nmol), a mu-opioid selective agonist, significantly inhibited antral motility in a dose-dependent manner (n=4).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	41-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
15548206-3	2004	Firstly, we investigated the effect of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) on glutamate release in rats by intrastriatal microdialysis.	Glutamic Acid	77-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
15488297-6	2004	A specific mu-opioid agonist, [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), reversibly reduced the frequency of mIPSCs without any alteration of amplitude.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
15380931-1	2004	Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Nle-Arg-Phe (DADN) a synthetic analogue of the endogenous Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe; MERF), was investigated in radioligand binding assays, [(35)S]GTPgammaS stimulation experiments as well as in in vivo algesiometric tests.	Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Nle-Arg-Phe	0-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
15380931-1	2004	Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Nle-Arg-Phe (DADN) a synthetic analogue of the endogenous Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe; MERF), was investigated in radioligand binding assays, [(35)S]GTPgammaS stimulation experiments as well as in in vivo algesiometric tests.	dadn	33-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
15357849-2	2004	Mesenteric afferent discharge was recorded electrophysiologically in response to [D-ALA2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 100 mug kg(-1) i.v.	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	81-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
15121763-4	2004	Using quantitative autoradiography, binding of mu-opioid receptors labeled by [125I]FK33,824 (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Met(O)5-ol enkephalin) and the coupling between receptors and G proteins determined by agonist-stimulated guanosine 5"-O -(3-[35S]thio)triphosphate ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding was mapped throughout brain sections of FH rats after 10-day treatment with vehicle, desipramine, or sertraline.	fk33	84-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
15261106-4	2004	The Ba(2+) current passing through VDCC was reversibly inhibited by a MOR agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM).	vdcc	35-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
15121763-6	2004	The coupling efficiency of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined by an increase of [35S]GTPgammaS binding induced by stimulation with the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (10 microM).	Sulfur-35	95-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
15261106-4	2004	The Ba(2+) current passing through VDCC was reversibly inhibited by a MOR agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM).	n-mephe	93-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
15140157-0	2004	Expression of proopiomelanocortin and proenkephalin mRNA in sexually dimorphic brain regions are altered in adult male and female rats treated prenatally with morphine.	Morphine	159-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-51
15140157-1	2004	The present study demonstrates that prenatal morphine exposure on gestation days 11-18 differentially alters proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and proenkephalin (pENK) mRNA in the hypothalamus and limbic system of adult male and female rats.	Morphine	45-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-153
15140157-1	2004	The present study demonstrates that prenatal morphine exposure on gestation days 11-18 differentially alters proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and proenkephalin (pENK) mRNA in the hypothalamus and limbic system of adult male and female rats.	Morphine	45-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
15140157-2	2004	In adult, prenatally morphine-exposed male rats POMC mRNA levels are decreased in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), while the pENK mRNA levels are increased in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) and in the ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH), specifically in the ventrolateral subdivision of the VMH.	Morphine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
14724227-6	2004	The mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM) significantly decreased the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in 52% (9 of 17) of labeled cells.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
15140157-4	2004	In contrast, pENK mRNA levels are decreased in the VMH of morphine-exposed, OVX females and increased in EB-treated females.	Morphine	58-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
15140157-4	2004	In contrast, pENK mRNA levels are decreased in the VMH of morphine-exposed, OVX females and increased in EB-treated females.	estradiol 3-benzoate	105-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
15140157-5	2004	Further, prenatal morphine exposure decreases pENK mRNA in the ARC and increases it in the medial pre-optic area independently of female gonadal hormones.	Morphine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
15140157-7	2004	Thus, the present study suggests that prenatal morphine exposure sex and brain region specifically alters the level of POMC and pENK mRNA.	Morphine	47-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
14634035-11	2004	The degree of inhibition produced by 3-MNTX was less than that produced by the full agonist [d-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO).	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	102-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
14693616-0	2004	Reduction in [D-Ala2, NMePhe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin-induced peripheral antinociception in diabetic rats: the role of the L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway.	nmephe4	22-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
14693616-9	2004	IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study on the role of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway on [D-Ala(2), NMePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced peripheral antinociception and the effect of diabetes on this pathway.	Nitric Oxide	57-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
14693616-9	2004	IMPLICATIONS: This is the first study on the role of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway on [D-Ala(2), NMePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO)-induced peripheral antinociception and the effect of diabetes on this pathway.	Cyclic GMP	75-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
15489028-3	2004	Whilst we have previously shown that glutamate is utilised in projections from one of these caudal raphe nuclei, the raphe pallidus, to hypoglossal motoneurones, these raphe pallidus-hypoglossal projections also contain multiple co-localised neuropeptides, including a population that are immunopositive for enkephalin.	Glutamic Acid	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	308-318
14750964-4	2004	Using immunofluorescence and immunogold-silver staining, we wished to exploit SP and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactivity and their relationships with glutamate, GABA, glycine, or NK1R in the pre-BotC in adult Sprague-Dawley rats.	Glutamic Acid	148-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
14750964-12	2004	Colocalization of SP and/or ENK with glutamate in boutons in the pre-BotC implies the combined synaptic release of excitatory amino acid and neuropeptides, which may exert combined post-synaptic effects onto NK1R-ir neurons and contribute to respiratory activity.	Glutamic Acid	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
14750964-12	2004	Colocalization of SP and/or ENK with glutamate in boutons in the pre-BotC implies the combined synaptic release of excitatory amino acid and neuropeptides, which may exert combined post-synaptic effects onto NK1R-ir neurons and contribute to respiratory activity.	Excitatory Amino Acids	115-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
14748558-3	2004	Thalamic lesions prevented most of the dopamine denervation-induced changes (i.e. the increases in mRNA levels of enkephalin and GAD67 in the striatum, of GAD67 in the globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus, and of cytochrome oxidase subunit-I in the subthalamic nucleus), but did not affect the downregulation of striatal substance P and upregulation of GAD67 in the substantia nigra pars reticulata.	Dopamine	39-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
14706785-2	2004	The role of micro-opioid receptors, activated by endogenously released enkephalin, on the NMDA-evoked release of ACh was studied using the selective micro-opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine.	N-Methylaspartate	90-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
14706785-2	2004	The role of micro-opioid receptors, activated by endogenously released enkephalin, on the NMDA-evoked release of ACh was studied using the selective micro-opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine.	Acetylcholine	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
14960335-7	2004	injections of MOR ligand [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin resulted in internalization of the MOR in a similar manner observed following mating.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
14960335-7	2004	injections of MOR ligand [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin resulted in internalization of the MOR in a similar manner observed following mating.	gly(5)-ol	49-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
15099667-0	2004	[d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-induced internalization of the micro opioid receptor in the spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats.	n-mephe4	8-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
15099667-0	2004	[d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-induced internalization of the micro opioid receptor in the spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats.	gly-ol5	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
15099667-0	2004	[d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-induced internalization of the micro opioid receptor in the spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats.	Morphine	111-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
15099667-2	2004	Here we show that in rats rendered tolerant to the analgesic action of morphine, cross-tolerance to the analgesic action of intrathecally administered [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) can be produced without changes in the magnitude of DAMGO-induced internalization of the MOR in lamina II neurons of the rat spinal cord.	Morphine	71-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
15099667-2	2004	Here we show that in rats rendered tolerant to the analgesic action of morphine, cross-tolerance to the analgesic action of intrathecally administered [d-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) can be produced without changes in the magnitude of DAMGO-induced internalization of the MOR in lamina II neurons of the rat spinal cord.	n-mephe4	159-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
15489028-8	2004	Enkephalin also increased the amplitude ratio (1.57+/-0.36 vs. 1.14+/-0.27, P&lt;0.01) of pairs of evoked EPSCs (paired pulse ratio), decreased the frequency (P&lt;0.0001) but not the amplitude of miniature EPSCs, whilst having no effect on the inward current evoked by glutamate applied directly to the postsynaptic cell (97.8+/-2.2% of control, P=n.s.).	Glutamic Acid	270-279	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15489028-10	2004	Together, these data suggest that enkephalin acts at tau-opioid receptors located on the presynaptic terminals of raphe pallidus inputs to hypoglossal motoneurones to significantly decrease glutamate release from these projections.	Glutamic Acid	190-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
14642644-7	2003	This suggests that glutamate-mediated up-regulation of striatal enkephalin plays a role in the development of haloperidol-induced persistent oral dyskinesias.	Glutamic Acid	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
14642644-7	2003	This suggests that glutamate-mediated up-regulation of striatal enkephalin plays a role in the development of haloperidol-induced persistent oral dyskinesias.	Haloperidol	110-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
14622157-5	2003	Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (-) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways.	2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
14645669-3	2003	In studies on the mechanism of short- and long-term mu opioid regulation of the ERK signaling pathway, we show that the mu opioid agonist [d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), acting via the endogenous mu opioid receptor (MOR), induced sequential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) Tyr phosphorylation, Ser phosphorylation, and down-regulation in immortalized rat cortical astrocytes.	gly5-ol	156-163	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
14645669-3	2003	In studies on the mechanism of short- and long-term mu opioid regulation of the ERK signaling pathway, we show that the mu opioid agonist [d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), acting via the endogenous mu opioid receptor (MOR), induced sequential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) Tyr phosphorylation, Ser phosphorylation, and down-regulation in immortalized rat cortical astrocytes.	Tyrosine	311-314	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
14645669-3	2003	In studies on the mechanism of short- and long-term mu opioid regulation of the ERK signaling pathway, we show that the mu opioid agonist [d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), acting via the endogenous mu opioid receptor (MOR), induced sequential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) Tyr phosphorylation, Ser phosphorylation, and down-regulation in immortalized rat cortical astrocytes.	Serine	332-335	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
14660057-7	2003	Additionally, treatments with the opioid peptides methionine- and leucine-enkephalin decreased anti-BSA antibody level, mimicking to some extent the effects of ES.	Einsteinium	160-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
14663008-4	2003	The expression of dynorphin and, to a lesser extent, enkephalin mRNAs was increased in the lesioned striatum of rats that received long-term L-dopa treatment but not in rats that received long-term SCH 58261 + L-dopa treatment.	Levodopa	141-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
14530213-8	2003	[Met5] enkephalin or [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (1-10 microM) depressed EPSCs and IPSCs.	n-me-phe4	30-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
14622157-5	2003	Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (-) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways.	2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
14622157-5	2003	Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (-) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways.	Quinpirole	32-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
14622157-5	2003	Priming with either SKF38393 or quinpirole further increased GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons, however, while SKF38393 produced a high and unbalanced activation toward enkephalin (-) neurons, after quinpirole the increase was of low intensity and similar in the two pathways.	Quinpirole	32-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
14622157-7	2003	L-DOPA produced a high and similar increase in GAD67 mRNA in enkephalin (-) and (+) neurons.	Levodopa	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
14568115-4	2003	IKs were reduced only by mu-selective agonist [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO, 2-121.6 microM).	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
14730088-0	2003	Influence of acute and chronic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline administration on the expression of proenkephalin mRNA in the rat striatum.	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	31-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-111
14730088-7	2003	The present results show that the effect of TIQ on the PENK mRNA expression is different from that described for proparkinsonian model neurotoxins (MPTP, 6-OHDA) as well as for typical neuroleptics, such as haloperidol.	Haloperidol	207-218	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
14730088-1	2003	Animal studies have shown that a depletion of dopamine or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum produces an increase in striatal proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression and an increase in GABAergic transmission in the globus pallidus.	Dopamine	46-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-154
14730088-1	2003	Animal studies have shown that a depletion of dopamine or blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum produces an increase in striatal proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression and an increase in GABAergic transmission in the globus pallidus.	Dopamine	46-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
14730088-4	2003	TIQ administered acutely at the dose of 100 mg/kg ip increased the PENK mRNA expression in the dorsal part of the striatum at two levels I and II (rostral and central striatum, respectively).	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
12732927-4	2003	In the present study, we have investigated how GABA regulates the expression of the proenkephalin gene.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	47-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-97
14519525-7	2003	In another experiment, virally mediated ENK gene transfer into the OT of intact rats decreased footshock-induced freezing, and this effect was reversed by naltrexone administration.	Naltrexone	155-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
14512140-3	2003	We studied the effects of a single acute dose of ethanol on rat nigrostriatal mu opioid receptors by quantitative receptor autoradiography, using [3H] [D-Ala(2),MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin ([3H]-DAMGO) as radioligand.	Ethanol	49-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
12834887-0	2003	SCH 58261, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, decreases the haloperidol-enhanced proenkephalin mRNA expression in the rat striatum.	5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
12834887-0	2003	SCH 58261, a selective adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, decreases the haloperidol-enhanced proenkephalin mRNA expression in the rat striatum.	Haloperidol	72-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
12834887-3	2003	Since it is believed that main motor symptoms of PD are due to the overactivity of the GABAergic striopallidal pathway, the aim of the present study was to find out whether SCH 58261, a selective antagonist of the adenosine A(2A) receptors, is capable of counteracting both the catalepsy and the enhancement of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the rat striatum, induced by haloperidol administered at 1.5 mg/kg s.c. 3 times, every 3 h. Systemic administration of SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg i.p., 3 times, every 3 h, 10 min before haloperidol), partially decreased the haloperidol-induced catalepsy and the increase in the PENK mRNA expression in both dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the striatum at all three examined levels.	5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine	173-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	311-324
12834887-3	2003	Since it is believed that main motor symptoms of PD are due to the overactivity of the GABAergic striopallidal pathway, the aim of the present study was to find out whether SCH 58261, a selective antagonist of the adenosine A(2A) receptors, is capable of counteracting both the catalepsy and the enhancement of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the rat striatum, induced by haloperidol administered at 1.5 mg/kg s.c. 3 times, every 3 h. Systemic administration of SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg i.p., 3 times, every 3 h, 10 min before haloperidol), partially decreased the haloperidol-induced catalepsy and the increase in the PENK mRNA expression in both dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the striatum at all three examined levels.	5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine	173-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	326-330
12834887-3	2003	Since it is believed that main motor symptoms of PD are due to the overactivity of the GABAergic striopallidal pathway, the aim of the present study was to find out whether SCH 58261, a selective antagonist of the adenosine A(2A) receptors, is capable of counteracting both the catalepsy and the enhancement of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA expression in the rat striatum, induced by haloperidol administered at 1.5 mg/kg s.c. 3 times, every 3 h. Systemic administration of SCH 58261 (5 mg/kg i.p., 3 times, every 3 h, 10 min before haloperidol), partially decreased the haloperidol-induced catalepsy and the increase in the PENK mRNA expression in both dorsolateral and ventrolateral parts of the striatum at all three examined levels.	5-amino-7-(2-phenylethyl)-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo(4,3-e)-1,2,4-triazolo(1,5-c)pyrimidine	173-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	621-625
12967683-7	2003	These findings suggest that early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension may be due to activation of peripheral mu-opioid receptors by an endogenous opioid peptide, possibly related to methionine-enkephalin.	Isoflurane	40-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
12967683-7	2003	These findings suggest that early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension may be due to activation of peripheral mu-opioid receptors by an endogenous opioid peptide, possibly related to methionine-enkephalin.	Methionine	183-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
12899684-3	2003	The mu-receptor agonist, DAMGO ([d-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin) inhibited high K+-induced peptide release in a dose-dependent manner, with oxytocin release being more sensitive to block than vasopressin release at all concentrations tested.	n-me-phe4	40-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
12942748-2	2003	Enkephalinase activity was assayed in vitro by the rate of 3H-Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis in the presence of the tested peptides.	Tritium	59-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
12942748-6	2003	The interaction between the peptides and opioid receptors was estimated using a radioreceptor method with [3H][D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin.	Tritium	107-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
12834790-1	2003	Pretreatment with the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline or the GABA(B) receptor antagonist, saclofen, into the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell, respectively, potentiates and reduces feeding elicited by the mu opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2), Nme(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), administered into the same site.	Bicuculline	51-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	261-271
12834790-1	2003	Pretreatment with the GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline or the GABA(B) receptor antagonist, saclofen, into the nucleus accumbens (Nacc) shell, respectively, potentiates and reduces feeding elicited by the mu opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2), Nme(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO), administered into the same site.	saclofen	99-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	261-271
12732927-8	2003	In addition, the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen increased the neocortical expression of the proenkephalin gene mainly in cells located in layers V/VI of the neocortex.	Baclofen	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
12732927-10	2003	Also muscimol, an agonist at GABAA receptors, enhanced the expression of the proenkephalin gene.	Muscimol	5-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-90
12621115-0	2003	Chronic prenatal nicotine exposure alters enkephalin mRNA regulation in the perinatal rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	17-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
12845226-9	2003	However, as found previously in DOCA-treated rats, there were increased enkephalin (ENK)-mRNA and decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) binding levels throughout the striatum in Lasix+salt and decreased ENK-mRNA in Lasixnosalt rats versus Vehicle.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
12845226-9	2003	However, as found previously in DOCA-treated rats, there were increased enkephalin (ENK)-mRNA and decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) binding levels throughout the striatum in Lasix+salt and decreased ENK-mRNA in Lasixnosalt rats versus Vehicle.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
12845226-9	2003	However, as found previously in DOCA-treated rats, there were increased enkephalin (ENK)-mRNA and decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) binding levels throughout the striatum in Lasix+salt and decreased ENK-mRNA in Lasixnosalt rats versus Vehicle.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
12845226-13	2003	Thus, these findings along with our neurochemical results suggest that mesolimbic enkephalin might impact salt intake through dopaminergic systems.	Salts	106-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
12621115-1	2003	Prenatal exposure to nicotine significantly increases enkephalin mRNA levels in the rat adrenal medulla prenatally, and postnatally the normal up-regulation is obliterated.	Nicotine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
14622711-5	2003	Also, intra-accumbens administration of the mu-agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe(4,) Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) alone was sufficient to induce antinociception in withdrawing rats, whereas a combination of both mu- and delta-receptor agonists (ie, DAMGO and D-Pen(2,5)-enkephalin [DPDPE], respectively) is required to induce antinociception in naive rats.	d-ala2, n-me-phe(4,) gly5-ol	56-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
12672534-5	2003	[D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (MOP-agonist) and spiradoline (KOP-agonist) significantly reduced OXA-evoked release with the concentration producing 50% of the maximal inhibition (EC(50)) [maximal inhibition (E(max))] of 3.2 microM [41.8%] and 4.3 microM [54.9%] respectively.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
12672534-5	2003	[D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (MOP-agonist) and spiradoline (KOP-agonist) significantly reduced OXA-evoked release with the concentration producing 50% of the maximal inhibition (EC(50)) [maximal inhibition (E(max))] of 3.2 microM [41.8%] and 4.3 microM [54.9%] respectively.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	45-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
12672534-5	2003	[D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (MOP-agonist) and spiradoline (KOP-agonist) significantly reduced OXA-evoked release with the concentration producing 50% of the maximal inhibition (EC(50)) [maximal inhibition (E(max))] of 3.2 microM [41.8%] and 4.3 microM [54.9%] respectively.	morpholinopropane sulfonic acid	53-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
12672534-5	2003	[D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) (MOP-agonist) and spiradoline (KOP-agonist) significantly reduced OXA-evoked release with the concentration producing 50% of the maximal inhibition (EC(50)) [maximal inhibition (E(max))] of 3.2 microM [41.8%] and 4.3 microM [54.9%] respectively.	Oxazolone	118-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
12668043-5	2003	The GABA(A) receptor-activated Cl(-) current was potentiated by a mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin acetate (DAMGO).	n-mephe	104-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
12618704-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: The endogenous opioid [Met(5)]-enkephalin (opioid growth factor [OGF]) is a tonically active, receptor-mediated inhibitory growth peptide in developing and adult vasculature.	met(5)	34-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
12650971-2	2003	We have previously shown that RB101, a dual inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, decreased carrageenin-evoked c-Fos protein expression at the spinal cord level in awake rats.	RB 101	30-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
12650971-2	2003	We have previously shown that RB101, a dual inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, decreased carrageenin-evoked c-Fos protein expression at the spinal cord level in awake rats.	Carrageenan	97-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
12663056-0	2003	Up-regulation of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment in the forebrain of the Long-Evans rat.	Methionine	17-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
12573804-2	2003	Several studies have reported that the administration of morphine induces changes in the levels and/or activity of endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalin, dynorphin) and their precursors in specific brain regions of the adult CNS.	Morphine	57-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
12569074-14	2003	Similarly, the potency of Met(5)-enkephalin to inhibit locus coeruleus neurons was decreased when 2-BFI (100 micro M) was applied to rat brain slices (EC(50) increased by 5.6; P&lt;0.05).	2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline	98-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
12663056-0	2003	Up-regulation of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment in the forebrain of the Long-Evans rat.	2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p	64-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
12663056-0	2003	Up-regulation of methionine-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin treatment in the forebrain of the Long-Evans rat.	Dioxins	93-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
12663056-4	2003	In this study, we investigated the effects of TCDD gastric administration on methionine-enkephalin (MEK) immunoreactivity in the brain of the Long-Evans rat, the species strain considered to be the most TCDD-susceptible, using immunohistochemical staining.	Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins	46-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
12725847-0	2003	Antinociceptive effects of RB101(S), a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, are enhanced by (+)-HA966, a functional NMDA receptor antagonist: a c-Fos study in the rat spinal cord.	RB 101	27-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
12503000-0	2003	Spinal nitric oxide contributes to the analgesic effect of intrathecal [d-pen2,d-pen5]-enkephalin in normal and diabetic rats.	Nitric Oxide	7-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
12488540-3	2003	In GH3 cells expressing only micro receptors (GH3MOR cells), the micro receptor-specific ligand [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) inhibited spontaneous Ca 2+ signaling by the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels, activation of inward-rectifying K+ channels, and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.	n-me-phe4	104-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
12542667-5	2003	Ciproxifan strongly potentiated the decrease of proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by methamphetamine.	ciproxifan	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
12542667-5	2003	Ciproxifan strongly potentiated the decrease of proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by methamphetamine.	Methamphetamine	89-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
12488540-3	2003	In GH3 cells expressing only micro receptors (GH3MOR cells), the micro receptor-specific ligand [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) inhibited spontaneous Ca 2+ signaling by the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca 2+ channels, activation of inward-rectifying K+ channels, and inhibition of adenylyl cyclase.	gly5-ol	114-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
14580949-3	2003	We report here that, in a rat model, the results of studies using double immunofluorescence labeling with antibodies directed against markers specific to candidate cell types suggest that the cells responding to haloperidol and clozapine in all three sites are: 1) neurons, rather than astrocytes; 2) inhibitory GABA neurons, but not acetylcholinergic neurons; and 3) dynorphin-containing GABA neurons, but not M-enkephalin-containing GABA neurons.	Haloperidol	212-223	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	413-423
14580949-3	2003	We report here that, in a rat model, the results of studies using double immunofluorescence labeling with antibodies directed against markers specific to candidate cell types suggest that the cells responding to haloperidol and clozapine in all three sites are: 1) neurons, rather than astrocytes; 2) inhibitory GABA neurons, but not acetylcholinergic neurons; and 3) dynorphin-containing GABA neurons, but not M-enkephalin-containing GABA neurons.	Clozapine	228-237	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	413-423
12508089-4	2003	In this report, we examined the interaction between butyrate differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma cells and cholinergic-nicotinic induction of the neuropeptide (enkephalin) and catecholamine-related biosynthetic enzymes (tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase).	Butyrates	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
12605901-0	2003	Tyrosine kinase B and C receptors in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens are co-localized in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neuronal profiles and their expression is influenced by cocaine.	Cocaine	195-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
12605901-0	2003	Tyrosine kinase B and C receptors in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens are co-localized in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neuronal profiles and their expression is influenced by cocaine.	Cocaine	195-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
12486178-5	2002	Of these neurons, 53% responded only to the mu-opioid agonist D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5 enkephalin, 14% responded only to the kappa-opioid agonist U-69593, and another group responded to both mu and kappa opioids (23%).	U 69593	148-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
12459691-6	2002	[D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 10 microm)-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding was performed in both tissue sections and isolated membranes.	[d-ala2,n-mephe4	0-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
12459691-6	2002	[D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 10 microm)-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding was performed in both tissue sections and isolated membranes.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	38-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
12459691-6	2002	[D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 10 microm)-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding was performed in both tissue sections and isolated membranes.	Sulfur-35	68-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
12459691-8	2002	However, [35S]GTPgammaS bindings in the spinal dorsal horn stimulated by other G protein-coupled receptor agonists, including [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin, R(-)N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine, and WIN-55212, were not significantly altered in diabetic rats.	Sulfur-35	10-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
12459691-8	2002	However, [35S]GTPgammaS bindings in the spinal dorsal horn stimulated by other G protein-coupled receptor agonists, including [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin, R(-)N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine, and WIN-55212, were not significantly altered in diabetic rats.	Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)	14-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
12503826-0	2002	Gender differences in proenkephalin gene expression response to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the hypothalamus of the rat.	Dronabinol	64-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
12438523-0	2002	Role of spinal nitric oxide in the inhibitory effect of [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin on ascending dorsal horn neurons in normal and diabetic rats.	Nitric Oxide	15-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
12503826-1	2002	Chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) produces an activation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.	Dronabinol	20-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-103
12503826-1	2002	Chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) produces an activation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.	Dronabinol	20-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
12503826-1	2002	Chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) produces an activation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.	Dronabinol	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-103
12503826-1	2002	Chronic exposure to delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) produces an activation of preproenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the rat hypothalamus.	Dronabinol	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
12503826-3	2002	However, whether gonadal steroids regulate delta9-THC effects on PENK gene expression in the hypothalamus of male and female rats remains unknown.	Steroids	25-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
12503826-3	2002	However, whether gonadal steroids regulate delta9-THC effects on PENK gene expression in the hypothalamus of male and female rats remains unknown.	Dronabinol	43-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
12503826-7	2002	In males, delta9-THC administration to intact animals induced PENK mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN) of the hypothalamus.	Dronabinol	10-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
12503826-9	2002	However, delta9-THC treatment induced PENK gene expression to the same extent in both hypothalamic nuclei of intact, castrated and DHT-replaced males.	Dronabinol	9-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
12503826-11	2002	delta9-THC administration increased PENK gene expression in castrated females, but had no effect in the oestradiol-replaced group.	Dronabinol	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
12424303-9	2002	[D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 microM) significantly decreased the frequency of GABA-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) of nine DiI-labeled LC neurons from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 0.7 +/- 0.2 Hz without altering their amplitude and the kinetics.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	91-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
12419523-3	2002	Retrograde transport of Fluoro-Gold (FG) from the LC and transport of a protein-gold tracer from the NTS was combined with detection of an antibody directed against ENK in the PGi.	2cer	176-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
12424303-9	2002	[D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 microM) significantly decreased the frequency of GABA-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) of nine DiI-labeled LC neurons from 2.1 +/- 0.5 to 0.7 +/- 0.2 Hz without altering their amplitude and the kinetics.	dilC18(3) dye	164-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
12393059-0	2002	[Met5]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-induced antinociception is greatly increased by peptidase inhibitors.	Arginine	17-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
12388635-3	2002	The mu-opioids [D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), endomorphin-1, and endomorphin-2 were administered by reverse dialysis infusion into the DRN.	mu-opioids	4-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
12384245-9	2002	These results are the first to show directly that orally administered KW-6002 is distributed selectively to the striatum and that it modulates the activity of striatopallidal enkephalin-containing neurons but not striatonigral substance P-containing neurons.	istradefylline	70-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
12393059-0	2002	[Met5]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu-induced antinociception is greatly increased by peptidase inhibitors.	glycylleucine	21-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
12393059-1	2002	Previous in vitro studies showed that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu by cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon.	amastatin	197-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
12393059-1	2002	Previous in vitro studies showed that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu by cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon.	Captopril	208-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
12393059-1	2002	Previous in vitro studies showed that the degradation of [Met(5)]enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu by cerebral membrane preparations is almost completely prevented by a mixture of three peptidase inhibitors: amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon.	phosphoramidon	222-236	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
14622740-7	2002	Peripheral administration of a mu opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin, significantly attenuated bradykinin mechanical hyperalgesia after sympathectomy plus vagotomy.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
12385794-2	2002	Infusion of 2 microg of the selective delta-OR agonist [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE), into the third ventricle facilitated lordosis behavior in ovariectomized (OVX) rats injected with estrogen (E) 48 and 24 h before behavioral testing.	d-pen	56-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
12144857-4	2002	In control and sham-operated rats intracisternal injection of clonidine and the direct opioid receptor (delta type) stimulant peptide (D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5))-enkephalin caused a potent and fully naloxone-reversible (i.e. opioid receptor-mediated) protection against acidified ethanol-induced mucosal damage.	Naloxone	192-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
12400874-8	2002	Meanwhile, the decrease of thymocyte proliferation in AA rats had a marked relation with the decrease of Met-Enk level in these thymocytes, melatonin (10(-10) or 10(-6) mol l(-1)) could markedly enhance the Met-Enk level, which were blocked by nifedipine, a Ca2+ channel antagonist.	Melatonin	140-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
12144857-4	2002	In control and sham-operated rats intracisternal injection of clonidine and the direct opioid receptor (delta type) stimulant peptide (D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5))-enkephalin caused a potent and fully naloxone-reversible (i.e. opioid receptor-mediated) protection against acidified ethanol-induced mucosal damage.	Ethanol	273-280	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
12523490-0	2002	Effect of cocaine and amphetamine on biosynthesis of proenkephalin and prodynorphin in some regions of the rat limbic system.	Cocaine	10-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-66
12177222-7	2002	The strong H3-receptor mRNA expression in enkephalin neurons suggests that the synergistic neurochemical and motor effects of ciproxifan and haloperidol result from direct H3/D2-receptor interactions, leading to an enhanced activation of striatopallidal neurons of the indirect movement pathway.	ciproxifan	126-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
12177222-7	2002	The strong H3-receptor mRNA expression in enkephalin neurons suggests that the synergistic neurochemical and motor effects of ciproxifan and haloperidol result from direct H3/D2-receptor interactions, leading to an enhanced activation of striatopallidal neurons of the indirect movement pathway.	Haloperidol	141-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
12127030-5	2002	Furthermore, the number of 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA and GABA or ENK immunoreactive double-labeled cells was also markedly increased 8h after carrageenan injection.	Carrageenan	139-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
12144936-3	2002	The functional coupling of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined autoradiographically using Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N(Me)Phe-Gly-ol-enkephalin-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in brain cryostat sections.	tyr-d-ala-gly-n	103-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
12144936-3	2002	The functional coupling of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined autoradiographically using Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N(Me)Phe-Gly-ol-enkephalin-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in brain cryostat sections.	Phenylalanine	122-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
12144936-3	2002	The functional coupling of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined autoradiographically using Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N(Me)Phe-Gly-ol-enkephalin-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in brain cryostat sections.	Glycine	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
12144936-3	2002	The functional coupling of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined autoradiographically using Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N(Me)Phe-Gly-ol-enkephalin-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in brain cryostat sections.	ol	130-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
12144936-3	2002	The functional coupling of mu-opioid receptors to G proteins was determined autoradiographically using Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N(Me)Phe-Gly-ol-enkephalin-stimulated [35S]GTPgammaS binding in brain cryostat sections.	Sulfur-35	156-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
12523490-0	2002	Effect of cocaine and amphetamine on biosynthesis of proenkephalin and prodynorphin in some regions of the rat limbic system.	Amphetamine	22-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-66
12523490-3	2002	The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of acutely and chronically administered drugs of abuse, cocaine and amphetamine on biosynthesis of prodynorphin and proenkephalin in the rat amygdala, the structure involved in the mechanism of drug addiction.	Cocaine	119-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	179-192
12523490-3	2002	The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of acutely and chronically administered drugs of abuse, cocaine and amphetamine on biosynthesis of prodynorphin and proenkephalin in the rat amygdala, the structure involved in the mechanism of drug addiction.	Amphetamine	131-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	179-192
12523490-7	2002	Chronic amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg twice daily for 5 days) administration decreased proenkephalin and increased prodynorphin mRNA level in the central nucleus of the amygdala (at 24 and 48 h).	Amphetamine	8-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-93
11954048-0	2002	Differential regulation of GAD67, enkephalin and dynorphin mRNAs by chronic-intermittent L-dopa and A2A receptor blockade plus L-dopa in dopamine-denervated rats.	Levodopa	89-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
12079685-0	2002	Depressant effect on a C-fibre reflex in the rat, of RB101, a dual inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.	RB 101	53-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
11954048-6	2002	Chronic-intermittent L-dopa (6 mg/kg) treatment increased the striatal levels of GAD67, dynorphin, and enkephalin mRNA in the lesioned side as compared to the vehicle treatment.	Levodopa	21-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
11954048-0	2002	Differential regulation of GAD67, enkephalin and dynorphin mRNAs by chronic-intermittent L-dopa and A2A receptor blockade plus L-dopa in dopamine-denervated rats.	Levodopa	127-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
11954048-5	2002	Unilateral 6-OHDA lesion produced an elevation in striatal GAD67 and enkephalin mRNA levels and to a decrease in dynorphin mRNA levels.	Oxidopamine	11-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
12269402-9	2002	These results suggest that proENK mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine administrations may be mediated by AP-1 proteins, such as c-Fos, c-Jun and Fra-2 rather than CREB via interacting to the ENKCRE-2 DNA binding domain in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
12269402-0	2002	Role of proto-oncogenes in the regulation of proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by repeated nicotine injections in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	95-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-58
12269402-1	2002	We have studied the effect of repeated systemic administrations of nicotine (3 mg/kg) at 30 min intervals on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level in rat adrenal gland.	Nicotine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-122
11826132-4	2002	A large increase (340%) of Met-enkephalin was observed in the periaqueductal gray matter, a structure involved in morphine withdrawal syndrome, in morphine-dependent rats.	Morphine	114-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
12269402-1	2002	We have studied the effect of repeated systemic administrations of nicotine (3 mg/kg) at 30 min intervals on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level in rat adrenal gland.	Nicotine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
12269402-2	2002	Northern blot analysis has shown that proENK mRNA expression was enhanced by repeated nicotine administrations.	Nicotine	86-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-44
12015431-3	2002	The action of ME was mimicked by the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), and was partially blocked by the mu-selective antagonists naloxonazine and D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH(2) (CTAP).	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	69-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
12063085-1	2002	In behavioural tests, RB101 (N-[(S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methyl-thio)butyldithio]-1-oxopropyl]-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester), a mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, induces antinociceptive effects without producing tolerance, or cross-tolerance with morphine.	n-[(s)-2-benzyl-3[(s)(2-amino-4-methyl-thio)butyldithio]-1-oxopropyl]-l-phenylalanine benzyl ester	29-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
11982623-0	2002	Intrinsic GABA neurons inhibit proenkephalin gene expression in slice cultures of rat neostriatum.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	10-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-44
11982623-1	2002	In the neostriatum, the proenkephalin gene is expressed in medium spiny GABA neurons, which project to the globus pallidus.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	72-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-37
11982623-3	2002	In these experiments we have used slice cultures of rat neostriatum to study the role of GABA in proenkephalin gene expression.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	89-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-110
11982623-4	2002	Our results show that GABA is released from neostriatal neurons and negatively regulates the proenkephalin gene expression induced by NMDA receptor stimulation.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	22-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
11842443-6	2002	In addition, mRNA levels for CB1 receptor, neuronal-specific enolase, proenkephalin, and substance P decreased in the caudate-putamen of 3-NP-injected rats.	3-nitropropionic acid	137-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-83
11939714-0	2002	Effect of tianeptine and fluoxetine on the levels of Met-enkephalin and mRNA encoding proenkephalin in the rat.	tianeptine	10-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-99
11939714-0	2002	Effect of tianeptine and fluoxetine on the levels of Met-enkephalin and mRNA encoding proenkephalin in the rat.	Fluoxetine	25-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-99
11939714-5	2002	From the results obtained in the present study it may be concluded that repeated administration of TIA or FLU induced similar changes in the levels of Met-Enk in the rat hippocampus, striatum, hypothalamus and neurointermediate lobe of pituitary.	Fluoxetine	106-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
11826132-4	2002	A large increase (340%) of Met-enkephalin was observed in the periaqueductal gray matter, a structure involved in morphine withdrawal syndrome, in morphine-dependent rats.	Morphine	147-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11826132-7	2002	Thus, an increase in enkephalin levels was observed in rats placed in the drug-associated compartment and a decrease in the saline-paired side.	Sodium Chloride	124-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
11746737-0	2002	Antiapoptotic and cytotoxic properties of delta opioid peptide [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin in PC12 cells.	D-LEUCINE	73-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
12373537-8	2002	In contrast, repeated DCG-IV (3 x 1 nmol/4 microl icv) injections enhanced both the control and the haloperidol-increased levels of PENK expression.	dcg	22-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
12373537-8	2002	In contrast, repeated DCG-IV (3 x 1 nmol/4 microl icv) injections enhanced both the control and the haloperidol-increased levels of PENK expression.	Haloperidol	100-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
11773315-7	2002	PMA at 10 nM exhibited a similar uncoupling effect on the response of the endogenous opiate receptor to the agonist D-alanine-5-leucine-enkephalin (DADLE) in wild-type and T149A mutant-expressing clones.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
11752206-3	2002	[D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), morphine, and methadone were all effective at blocking inhibitory transmission.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
11958872-7	2002	This effect is mainly dependent on opioid peptides released at VTA level since local injections of thiorphan, an inhibitor of enkephalin degradation, strongly increased locomotor response to novelty and this effect is completely prevented by the co-administration of naloxone methobromide.	Thiorphan	99-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
11958872-7	2002	This effect is mainly dependent on opioid peptides released at VTA level since local injections of thiorphan, an inhibitor of enkephalin degradation, strongly increased locomotor response to novelty and this effect is completely prevented by the co-administration of naloxone methobromide.	N-methylnaloxone	267-288	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
11832216-3	2002	Here we demonstrate that [D-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-ol] enkephalin (DAMGO) can facilitate the ability of morphine to stimulate MOR endocytosis.	Morphine	104-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
11784705-2	2002	Microinjection of the delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (DPDPE; 8 mM, 50 nl) bilaterally into the RVLM potently inhibited the post-inspiratory-related burst discharges of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) but had only limited effects on splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (SSNA) and phrenic nerve discharge.	d-pen(2,5)	53-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
11784705-4	2002	Injection of the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 4 mM, 50 nl), also elicited a greater inhibition of LSNA than SSNA accompanied by an abolition of phrenic nerve discharge.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
11784705-4	2002	Injection of the mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 4 mM, 50 nl), also elicited a greater inhibition of LSNA than SSNA accompanied by an abolition of phrenic nerve discharge.	gly-ol	67-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
11746737-1	2002	The delta opioid peptide [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin (DADLE) has been shown to promote organ survival and to protect against methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration.	Methamphetamine	127-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
11597591-3	2001	Among 505 neurons tested, the barium current passing through the high-voltage activated calcium channels of 172 neurons (34%) were inhibited by 32+/-3% with the application of an mu-opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM).	Barium	30-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
11681851-2	2001	It has long been suspected that increased expression of enkephalin may represent one of the many mechanisms that compensate for dopamine (DA) depletion in Parkinson"s disease.	Dopamine	138-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
11681851-10	2001	Furthermore, enhanced enkephalin expression observed in Parkinson"s disease may serve to potentiate dopamine acting preferentially at D1 receptors.	Dopamine	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11720714-5	2001	The mu-opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2),NMe-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens shell significantly increased food intake which was significantly enhanced by AMPA cotreatment.	nme-phe	33-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
11720714-5	2001	The mu-opioid agonist, [D-Ala(2),NMe-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens shell significantly increased food intake which was significantly enhanced by AMPA cotreatment.	gly-ol	44-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
11681851-2	2001	It has long been suspected that increased expression of enkephalin may represent one of the many mechanisms that compensate for dopamine (DA) depletion in Parkinson"s disease.	Dopamine	128-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
11668192-5	2001	Measurable levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and nociceptin/orphanin FQ were found in tendon tissue using RIA, whereas dynorphin B could not be detected.	Arginine	36-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
11668192-5	2001	Measurable levels of Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe and nociceptin/orphanin FQ were found in tendon tissue using RIA, whereas dynorphin B could not be detected.	Phenylalanine	40-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
11425502-0	2001	Extinction of cocaine self-administration produces a differential time-related regulation of proenkephalin gene expression in rat brain.	Cocaine	14-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
11543770-1	2001	The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitatory effects of subanalgesic or low doses of different drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and morphine) on the antinociceptive responses induced by the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, protected from their catabolism by the dual enkephalin-degrading enzymes inhibitor RB101.	Aspirin	115-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
11543770-1	2001	The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitatory effects of subanalgesic or low doses of different drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and morphine) on the antinociceptive responses induced by the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, protected from their catabolism by the dual enkephalin-degrading enzymes inhibitor RB101.	Ibuprofen	137-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
11543770-1	2001	The aim of this study was to investigate the facilitatory effects of subanalgesic or low doses of different drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen and morphine) on the antinociceptive responses induced by the endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, protected from their catabolism by the dual enkephalin-degrading enzymes inhibitor RB101.	Morphine	151-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
11425502-1	2001	The purpose of this study was to examine the time course effects of extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior on proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in caudate-putamen nucleus (ST), nucleus accumbens (Acc), olfactory tubercle (Tu), piriform cortex (Pir), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), and central amygdala (Ce) as measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Cocaine	82-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-135
11425502-1	2001	The purpose of this study was to examine the time course effects of extinction of cocaine self-administration behavior on proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in caudate-putamen nucleus (ST), nucleus accumbens (Acc), olfactory tubercle (Tu), piriform cortex (Pir), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMN), and central amygdala (Ce) as measured by in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Cocaine	82-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
11425502-7	2001	PENK mRNA levels were significantly higher in the cocaine groups when compared with SALINE group in the ST, Acc, Pir, and Tu regions on days 0, 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction and lower in the Ce region of CONT group when compared to NONCONT and SALINE groups on days 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction period.	Cocaine	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11425502-7	2001	PENK mRNA levels were significantly higher in the cocaine groups when compared with SALINE group in the ST, Acc, Pir, and Tu regions on days 0, 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction and lower in the Ce region of CONT group when compared to NONCONT and SALINE groups on days 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction period.	Sodium Chloride	84-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11425502-7	2001	PENK mRNA levels were significantly higher in the cocaine groups when compared with SALINE group in the ST, Acc, Pir, and Tu regions on days 0, 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction and lower in the Ce region of CONT group when compared to NONCONT and SALINE groups on days 1, 5, and 10 of the extinction period.	Sodium Chloride	245-251	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11425502-8	2001	In the VMN nucleus, PENK mRNA content in CONT group versus NONCONT and SALINE groups was also lower, but there were statistically significant differences only on day 5.	Sodium Chloride	71-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
11425502-9	2001	These results suggest that changes in PENK gene expression after contingent cocaine administration might be involved in cocaine withdrawal states.	Cocaine	76-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
11880925-2	2001	Since little is known about the effect of Leu-Enk on insulin and glucagon secretion, it was the aim of this study to determine the role of Leu-Enk on insulin and glucagon secretion from the isolated pancreatic tissue fragments of normal and diabetic rats.	Leucine	139-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
11880925-6	2001	This Leu-Enk-evoked insulin release was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) blocked by atropine, naloxone and yohimbine (all at 10(-6)M).	Leucine	5-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11880925-6	2001	This Leu-Enk-evoked insulin release was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) blocked by atropine, naloxone and yohimbine (all at 10(-6)M).	Atropine	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11880925-6	2001	This Leu-Enk-evoked insulin release was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) blocked by atropine, naloxone and yohimbine (all at 10(-6)M).	Naloxone	89-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11880925-6	2001	This Leu-Enk-evoked insulin release was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) blocked by atropine, naloxone and yohimbine (all at 10(-6)M).	Yohimbine	102-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
11880925-7	2001	In the same way, Leu-Enk at concentrations of 10(-12)M and 10(-9)M induced significant (p &lt; 0.05) increases in glucagon release from the pancreas of normal rats.	Leucine	17-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
11880925-8	2001	Atropine, yohimbine but not naloxone significantly (p &lt; 0.05) inhibited Leu-Enk-evoked glucagon release from normal rat pancreas.	Atropine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
11880925-8	2001	Atropine, yohimbine but not naloxone significantly (p &lt; 0.05) inhibited Leu-Enk-evoked glucagon release from normal rat pancreas.	Yohimbine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
11880925-8	2001	Atropine, yohimbine but not naloxone significantly (p &lt; 0.05) inhibited Leu-Enk-evoked glucagon release from normal rat pancreas.	Leucine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
11880925-8	2001	Atropine, yohimbine but not naloxone significantly (p &lt; 0.05) inhibited Leu-Enk-evoked glucagon release from normal rat pancreas.	Glucagon	90-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
11880925-9	2001	In contrast, Leu-Enk failed to significantly stimulate insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas of diabetic rats.	Leucine	13-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
11880925-10	2001	In conclusion, Leu-Enk stimulates insulin and glucagon secretion from the pancreas of normal rat through the cholinergic, alpha-2 adrenergic and opioid receptor pathways.	Leucine	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
11382404-6	2001	These results suggest that, in the rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide increases proENK mRNA expression via phosphorylation of CREB rather than the increases of AP-1 protein levels.	A(2)C	67-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
11406319-0	2001	Temporal change of hippocampal enkephalin and dynorphin mRNA following trimethyltin intoxication in rats: effect of anticonvulsant.	trimethyltin	71-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11382404-0	2001	Stimulation of astrocyte-enriched culture with C2 ceramide increases proenkephalin mRNA: involvement of cAMP-response element binding protein and mitogen activated protein kinases.	N-acetylsphingosine	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
11382404-6	2001	These results suggest that, in the rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide increases proENK mRNA expression via phosphorylation of CREB rather than the increases of AP-1 protein levels.	Ceramides	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
11382404-0	2001	Stimulation of astrocyte-enriched culture with C2 ceramide increases proenkephalin mRNA: involvement of cAMP-response element binding protein and mitogen activated protein kinases.	Cyclic AMP	104-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
11382404-7	2001	Additionally, the activations of PKC and p38, but not PKA, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and ERK, by C2 ceramide play important regulatory roles in C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression via activating the CREB.	Ceramides	122-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-192
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	N-acetylsphingosine	35-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-97
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	N-acetylsphingosine	35-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
11382404-7	2001	Additionally, the activations of PKC and p38, but not PKA, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and ERK, by C2 ceramide play important regulatory roles in C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression via activating the CREB.	Ceramides	169-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-192
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	A(2)C	35-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-97
11292597-1	2001	We investigated the mechanism of action of methionine enkephalin (MEK) on HCl-stimulated secretin release and pancreatic exocrine secretion.	Hydrochloric Acid	74-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	A(2)C	35-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	Ceramides	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-97
11382404-1	2001	In rat astrocyte-enriched culture, C2 ceramide dose- and time-dependently increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA; the significant increase began at 6 h after 30 microM C2 ceramide treatment (about 13-fold) and at 12 h after treatment (about 21-fold).	Ceramides	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
11382404-3	2001	The blocking of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) evokes a further increase of C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA and phospho-CREB level, while C2 ceramide-induced increases of AP-1 protein levels were reduced by CHX.	Cycloheximide	37-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
11382404-3	2001	The blocking of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) evokes a further increase of C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA and phospho-CREB level, while C2 ceramide-induced increases of AP-1 protein levels were reduced by CHX.	Cycloheximide	52-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
11382404-3	2001	The blocking of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) evokes a further increase of C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA and phospho-CREB level, while C2 ceramide-induced increases of AP-1 protein levels were reduced by CHX.	N-acetylsphingosine	86-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
11382404-3	2001	The blocking of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) evokes a further increase of C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA and phospho-CREB level, while C2 ceramide-induced increases of AP-1 protein levels were reduced by CHX.	Ceramides	89-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
11382404-4	2001	The C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression was not changed significantly by the pretreatment with H89 (a PKA inhibitor), KN62 (a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK pathway inhibitor).	Ceramides	7-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
11382404-4	2001	The C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression was not changed significantly by the pretreatment with H89 (a PKA inhibitor), KN62 (a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK pathway inhibitor).	2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	196-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
11382404-5	2001	However, calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor) and or SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) partially but significantly reduced C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression as well as phospho-CREB level.	calphostin C	9-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
11382404-5	2001	However, calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor) and or SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) partially but significantly reduced C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression as well as phospho-CREB level.	SB 203580	47-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
11382404-5	2001	However, calphostin C (a PKC inhibitor) and or SB203580 (a p38 inhibitor) partially but significantly reduced C2 ceramide-induced proENK mRNA expression as well as phospho-CREB level.	Ceramides	113-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
11414652-4	2001	Both orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N), an ORL1 agonist, and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, activated inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels in the ventrolateral PAG.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	58-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
12589405-0	2001	[Inhibition of ATP-activated current by met-Enk in isolated DRG neurons of the rat].	Adenosine Triphosphate	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12589405-1	2001	The present study aimed to explore modulation of ATP-activated currents (I(ATP)) by met-Enk in rat DRG neurons.	Adenosine Triphosphate	49-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
12589405-1	2001	The present study aimed to explore modulation of ATP-activated currents (I(ATP)) by met-Enk in rat DRG neurons.	Adenosine Triphosphate	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
12589405-4	2001	In the 45 ATP sensitive neurons three kinds of responses to application of met-Enk were distinguished: (l) inward currents (29/45), (2) outward currents (9/45), and (3) no effect (7/45).	Adenosine Triphosphate	10-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
12589405-5	2001	Pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-9)~10(-5) mol/L) suppressed I(ATP) (10(-4) mol/L) in 29 neurons responding to met-Enk with inward currents.	Adenosine Triphosphate	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
12589405-6	2001	The inhibition by met-Enk of I(ATP) could be blocked by naloxone (10(-7) mol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine Triphosphate	31-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
12589405-6	2001	The inhibition by met-Enk of I(ATP) could be blocked by naloxone (10(-7) mol/L) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Naloxone	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
12589405-8	2001	A comparison of concentration - response relations of ATP with and without preapplication of met-Enk indicated that after pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-7) mol/L) the curve shifted downward markedly with a decrease of 25 percent; of the maximum value of I(ATP) and unchanged K(d) value.	Adenosine Triphosphate	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12589405-8	2001	A comparison of concentration - response relations of ATP with and without preapplication of met-Enk indicated that after pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-7) mol/L) the curve shifted downward markedly with a decrease of 25 percent; of the maximum value of I(ATP) and unchanged K(d) value.	Adenosine Triphosphate	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
12589405-8	2001	A comparison of concentration - response relations of ATP with and without preapplication of met-Enk indicated that after pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-7) mol/L) the curve shifted downward markedly with a decrease of 25 percent; of the maximum value of I(ATP) and unchanged K(d) value.	Adenosine Triphosphate	256-259	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12589405-8	2001	A comparison of concentration - response relations of ATP with and without preapplication of met-Enk indicated that after pretreatment with met-Enk (10(-7) mol/L) the curve shifted downward markedly with a decrease of 25 percent; of the maximum value of I(ATP) and unchanged K(d) value.	Adenosine Triphosphate	256-259	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
12589405-9	2001	The suppression of I(ATP) by met-Enk was reversed as evidenced by intracellular dialysis of H-9 by using the repatch technique.	Adenosine Triphosphate	21-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
12589405-10	2001	Taken together, it is suggested that the inhibition by met-Enk of I(ATP) is caused by activation of opiate receptor, which eventually results in phosphorylation of ATP receptor, mediated by modulation of G protein coupling and intracellular signal transduction.	Adenosine Triphosphate	68-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
11355693-0	2001	Possible roles of JNK pathway in the regulation of hippocampal proenkephalin and immediate early gene expression induced by kainic acid.	Kainic Acid	124-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-76
11325808-0	2001	Enhancement of the effects of a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, RB 101, by a cholecystokinin-B receptor antagonist in diabetic rats.	RB 101	87-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
11325808-2	2001	RB 101, a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, has been previously shown to produce antinociception in normal rats after systemic administration.	RB 101	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
11355693-3	2001	KA increased proenkephalin mRNA expression in rat hippocampus, which was decreased by pre-administration with cycloheximide (CHX, a protein synthesis inhibitor).	Cycloheximide	110-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-26
11311537-4	2001	Involvement of the GABAergic projection from the ventral pallidum to the mediodorsal thalamus in mu-opioid-induced impairment of working memory was verified by showing that inhibiting GABA(B) receptors in the mediodorsal thalamus blocked the effect of [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin in the ventral pallidum.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	19-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	284-294
11295234-1	2001	In rat astrocytes, incubation with cholera toxin (CTX; 0.1 microg/ml) for 8 h increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level (10-fold), which was further increased by dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) (2.2-fold as much as CTX alone).	Dexamethasone	164-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-101
11295234-1	2001	In rat astrocytes, incubation with cholera toxin (CTX; 0.1 microg/ml) for 8 h increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level (10-fold), which was further increased by dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) (2.2-fold as much as CTX alone).	Dexamethasone	164-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
11295234-1	2001	In rat astrocytes, incubation with cholera toxin (CTX; 0.1 microg/ml) for 8 h increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level (10-fold), which was further increased by dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) (2.2-fold as much as CTX alone).	Dexamethasone	179-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-101
11295234-1	2001	In rat astrocytes, incubation with cholera toxin (CTX; 0.1 microg/ml) for 8 h increased proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level (10-fold), which was further increased by dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) (2.2-fold as much as CTX alone).	Dexamethasone	179-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
11295234-2	2001	Although pertussis toxin (PTX; 0.1 microg/ml) did not affect the basal proENK mRNA level, DEX significantly increased proENK mRNA level in PTX-treated cells (6-fold).	Dexamethasone	90-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
11295234-3	2001	The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) also increased proENK mRNA level in PTX-treated cells (5.2-fold), but not in CTX-stimulated cells.	Cycloheximide	39-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
11295234-3	2001	The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) also increased proENK mRNA level in PTX-treated cells (5.2-fold), but not in CTX-stimulated cells.	Cycloheximide	54-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
11295234-9	2001	These results suggest that the elevation of phosphorylation of CREB rather than AP-1 level may be involved in CTX-induced and CHX-dependent-PTX-induced increase of proENK mRNA level.	Cycloheximide	126-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-170
11257721-1	2001	BACKGROUND: In this report, we describe a new quantitative electron microscopic protocol based on the use of double colloidal-gold post-embedding immunostaining procedure as markers to analyze the subcellular distribution of enkephalin (ENK) and GABA neurotransmitters simultaneously in the same ultrathin tissue sections in the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) of the rat brain.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	246-250	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	225-235
11257721-1	2001	BACKGROUND: In this report, we describe a new quantitative electron microscopic protocol based on the use of double colloidal-gold post-embedding immunostaining procedure as markers to analyze the subcellular distribution of enkephalin (ENK) and GABA neurotransmitters simultaneously in the same ultrathin tissue sections in the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) of the rat brain.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	246-250	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-240
11160487-8	2001	Only LT-evoked field potentials were found to be reliably inhibited by the mu opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)] enkephalin-ol (DAMGO, 1 microM), although evoked potentials from both DR and LT were blocked by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	113-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
11160487-8	2001	Only LT-evoked field potentials were found to be reliably inhibited by the mu opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)] enkephalin-ol (DAMGO, 1 microM), although evoked potentials from both DR and LT were blocked by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione.	Glycine	126-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
11160487-8	2001	Only LT-evoked field potentials were found to be reliably inhibited by the mu opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)] enkephalin-ol (DAMGO, 1 microM), although evoked potentials from both DR and LT were blocked by the AMPA/kainate glutamate receptor antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione.	6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxalene-2,3-dione	277-313	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
11245849-3	2001	In rats with a crushed sciatic nerve, the delta(1)-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]enkephalin (DPDPE, 5-25 microg i.t.)	d-pen	86-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
11226390-1	2001	Spinorphin has been isolated from the bovine spinal cord as an endogenous inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes (aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III, angiotensin-converting enzyme and enkephalinase), and tynorphin has been synthesized as a more potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase III.	spinorphin	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
11226390-4	2001	Spinorphin (1 microM), which alone had no effect, potentiated the facilitatory effects of enkephalin on the filed potentials at a stimulation interval of 15 s. At a stimulation interval of 10--4 s, spinorphin alone frequency dependently inhibited the field potential.	spinorphin	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
11226390-4	2001	Spinorphin (1 microM), which alone had no effect, potentiated the facilitatory effects of enkephalin on the filed potentials at a stimulation interval of 15 s. At a stimulation interval of 10--4 s, spinorphin alone frequency dependently inhibited the field potential.	spinorphin	198-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
11226390-5	2001	On the other hand, tynorphin (1 microM), which alone had no effect at any stimulus interval, tended to potentiate the facilitatory effects of enkephalin.	tynorphin	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
11226390-8	2001	On the other hand, tynorphin tends to potentiate the facilitatory effects of enkephalin without use-dependent inhibition.	tynorphin	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
11471067-10	2001	In view of the protective actions of enkephalin peptides against oxidative stress, we can infer from our results an implication of Leu-enk in ischemia-reperfusion and thus eventually in preconditioning phenomenon.	Leucine	131-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
11471067-10	2001	In view of the protective actions of enkephalin peptides against oxidative stress, we can infer from our results an implication of Leu-enk in ischemia-reperfusion and thus eventually in preconditioning phenomenon.	Leucine	131-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
11294472-1	2001	Delta enkephalin analogue [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin (DADLE) has been shown to protect dopamine transporters from methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.	Methamphetamine	117-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
11294472-1	2001	Delta enkephalin analogue [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]enkephalin (DADLE) has been shown to protect dopamine transporters from methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity.	Methamphetamine	117-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
11173220-7	2001	Axon terminals containing enkephalin immunolabeling provided a major innervation to soma or dendrites containing GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	113-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
11173220-8	2001	That is, over one third (94/245) of the axon terminals in contact with GABA-immunoreactive dendrites contained enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	71-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
11173220-9	2001	Furthermore, these GABA-immunoreactive dendrites accounted for a fifth of the somatodendritic processes associated with enkephalin-containing axon terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	19-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
11152707-6	2001	Evoked glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were inhibited to a much greater extent by [Tyr-D-Ala(2), N-CH(3)-Phe(4), Gly-ol-enkephalin] (DAMGO, approximately 35%) than by WIN 55,212-2 (&lt;20%), and an analysis of miniature EPSCs suggested that the effects of DAMGO were presynaptic, whereas those of WIN 55,212-2 were postsynaptic.	tyr-d-ala	106-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
11246155-0	2001	Unilateral dopamine depletion increases expression of the 2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons.	Dopamine	11-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
11246155-0	2001	Unilateral dopamine depletion increases expression of the 2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons.	Dopamine	11-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
11246155-9	2001	Cellular analysis of 2A subunit expression indicated that as a consequence of dopamine depletion there is a significant increase in the expression of this subunit in both enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons.	Dopamine	78-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
11246155-9	2001	Cellular analysis of 2A subunit expression indicated that as a consequence of dopamine depletion there is a significant increase in the expression of this subunit in both enkephalin-positive and enkephalin-negative neurons.	Dopamine	78-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
11246155-10	2001	From this study we conclude that dopamine depletion increases messenger RNA expression of the 2A subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in striatopallidal and presumed striatonigral (enkephalin-negative) neurons.	Dopamine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	189-199
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Dexamethasone	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	285-291
11734363-8	2001	Enkephalin-positive terminals synapsing on bulbospinal barosensitive neurons contained one or more amino acid: GABA+glycine, glutamate alone or GABA+glutamate.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	111-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-8	2001	Enkephalin-positive terminals synapsing on bulbospinal barosensitive neurons contained one or more amino acid: GABA+glycine, glutamate alone or GABA+glutamate.	Glycine	116-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-8	2001	Enkephalin-positive terminals synapsing on bulbospinal barosensitive neurons contained one or more amino acid: GABA+glycine, glutamate alone or GABA+glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	125-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-8	2001	Enkephalin-positive terminals synapsing on bulbospinal barosensitive neurons contained one or more amino acid: GABA+glycine, glutamate alone or GABA+glutamate.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	144-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-8	2001	Enkephalin-positive terminals synapsing on bulbospinal barosensitive neurons contained one or more amino acid: GABA+glycine, glutamate alone or GABA+glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	149-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-9	2001	Enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals located near biotinamide-labelled cells contained a similar variety of amino acids.	biotinamide	49-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-11	2001	Enkephalin is present in both excitatory (glutamate-immunoreactive) and inhibitory (GABA- and/or glycine-immunoreactive) terminals.	Glutamic Acid	42-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-11	2001	Enkephalin is present in both excitatory (glutamate-immunoreactive) and inhibitory (GABA- and/or glycine-immunoreactive) terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	84-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11734363-11	2001	Enkephalin is present in both excitatory (glutamate-immunoreactive) and inhibitory (GABA- and/or glycine-immunoreactive) terminals.	Glycine	97-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
12040419-4	2001	Meanwhile, L-NNA(1 and 10 &amp;mgr;mol/L) also significantly inhibited the immunoreactive methionine enkephalin (ir-M-ENK) level.	Nitroarginine	11-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
12040419-4	2001	Meanwhile, L-NNA(1 and 10 &amp;mgr;mol/L) also significantly inhibited the immunoreactive methionine enkephalin (ir-M-ENK) level.	Nitroarginine	11-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
12040419-4	2001	Meanwhile, L-NNA(1 and 10 &amp;mgr;mol/L) also significantly inhibited the immunoreactive methionine enkephalin (ir-M-ENK) level.	Adenosine Monophosphate	27-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
12040419-4	2001	Meanwhile, L-NNA(1 and 10 &amp;mgr;mol/L) also significantly inhibited the immunoreactive methionine enkephalin (ir-M-ENK) level.	Adenosine Monophosphate	27-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
12040419-6	2001	Finally, beta-FNA (100 &amp;mgr;mol/L, an M-ENK receptor inhibitor) facilitated the inhibitive effect of L-NNA on the Glu level, while nor-BIN (100 &amp;mgr;mol/L, a DYN receptor inhibitor) suppressed that effect.	beta-funaltrexamine	9-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12040419-6	2001	Finally, beta-FNA (100 &amp;mgr;mol/L, an M-ENK receptor inhibitor) facilitated the inhibitive effect of L-NNA on the Glu level, while nor-BIN (100 &amp;mgr;mol/L, a DYN receptor inhibitor) suppressed that effect.	Nitroarginine	105-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
12040419-7	2001	In conclusion,L-NNA could inhibit NO production induced by PG (4 000 IU/ml) stimulation, thuslowering the M-ENK level and increasing the DYN-B level, and resulted in a down-regulation of the Glu level and the neuron excitation.	Nitroarginine	14-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
12040419-7	2001	In conclusion,L-NNA could inhibit NO production induced by PG (4 000 IU/ml) stimulation, thuslowering the M-ENK level and increasing the DYN-B level, and resulted in a down-regulation of the Glu level and the neuron excitation.	Penicillin G	59-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
11113530-0	2000	The differential molecular mechanisms underlying proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by forskolin and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate in primary cultured astrocytes.	Colforsin	90-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-62
11113530-0	2000	The differential molecular mechanisms underlying proenkephalin mRNA expression induced by forskolin and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate in primary cultured astrocytes.	phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate	104-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-62
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Colforsin	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-124
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Colforsin	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Colforsin	30-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-124
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Colforsin	30-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate	49-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-124
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Colforsin	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate	49-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	81-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-124
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Colforsin	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	285-291
11113530-1	2000	In rat astrocytes, forskolin (FSK; 5 microM) and phorbol-12-myristic-13-acetate (PMA; 2.5 microM) increase the proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level via different pathways.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	81-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	55-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
11113530-2	2000	FSK-induced proENK mRNA expression is independent of protein de novo synthesis, and well correlated with CREB phosphorylation.	Colforsin	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
11113530-3	2000	This is in contrast to PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression that is dependent on protein de novo synthesis and is well correlated with the increase of AP-1 DNA binding activity rather than CREB phosphorylation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	23-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	55-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	285-291
11113530-6	2000	The combined treatment with FSK and PMA additively increased the proENK mRNA level, which was correlated with AP-1 or ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activity, and CREB phosphorylation.	Colforsin	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
11123706-2	2000	Mesenteric afferent discharge was recorded electrophysiologically in response to cumulative doses (1-400 microgram kg-1) of the mu-receptor agonist [D-ala,2 N- me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), the delta-receptor agonist [D-ala,2 D-leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE) and the kappa-receptor agonist U-50488.	2 n- me-phe4	155-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-188
11113530-6	2000	The combined treatment with FSK and PMA additively increased the proENK mRNA level, which was correlated with AP-1 or ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activity, and CREB phosphorylation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	36-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Dexamethasone	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Dexamethasone	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	285-291
11113530-7	2000	Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 microM) further enhanced FSK- or PMA-induced proENK mRNA expression, which was not correlated with the activation of AP-1 expression and CREB phosphorylation, suggesting that synergistic interaction of glucocorticoid with PKA or PKC pathway for the regulation of proENK mRNA expression appears to be mediated by other pathways rather than CREB and AP-1 families.	Dexamethasone	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
11102471-4	2000	Light level densitometry and ultrastructural analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in immunolabeling for ENK in LC-afferent terminals of morphine-treated rats.	Morphine	153-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
11102471-5	2000	Western immunoblot analysis confirmed that protein levels for both leucine(5)- and methionine(5)-ENK were significantly decreased in tissue samples containing the LC after chronic morphine treatment.	Methionine	83-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
11102471-5	2000	Western immunoblot analysis confirmed that protein levels for both leucine(5)- and methionine(5)-ENK were significantly decreased in tissue samples containing the LC after chronic morphine treatment.	Morphine	180-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
10871700-0	2000	Acute ethanol administration induces changes in TRH and proenkephalin expression in hypothalamic and limbic regions of rat brain.	Ethanol	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-69
11072100-2	2000	Levels of mRNAs of the monoamine transporters, i.e. the primary molecular targets of cocaine, and the striatal neuropeptides substance P and enkephalin, which predominantly exist in different populations of dopaminoceptive striatal neurons, were quantified in rats which had reached different stages of acquisition of cocaine SA.	cocaine sa	318-328	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
11163124-0	2000	Repeated ethanol administration induces short- and long-term changes in enkephalin and dynorphin tissue concentrations in rat brain.	Ethanol	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
10871700-12	2000	These results give support for TRH and enkephalin neurons as targets of ethanol and, as possible mediators of some of its observed behavioral effects.	Ethanol	72-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
11020761-7	2000	RESULTS: delta-Receptor activation by d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) reduced the amplitudes of EPSCs by maximum 60% in a naltrindole-reversible manner (EC50: 6-15 nm).	naltrindole	123-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
11501038-7	2000	(3) In the denervated striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the PENK mRNA level was extremely increased vs that in the intact striatum.	Oxidopamine	34-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
11501038-11	2000	CONCLUSION: In the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, the rotation induced by SPD was kept on a high activity, which was in pace with the inducement of Fos expression and the reduction of expression of PENK mRNA in the denervated striatum.	Oxidopamine	19-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
11501038-1	2000	AIM: To study that l-stepholidine (SPD) regulates the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA and Fos in the striatum after rotational test in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats.	stepholidine	19-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-81
11501038-1	2000	AIM: To study that l-stepholidine (SPD) regulates the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA and Fos in the striatum after rotational test in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats.	stepholidine	19-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
11501038-1	2000	AIM: To study that l-stepholidine (SPD) regulates the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA and Fos in the striatum after rotational test in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats.	stepholidine	35-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-81
11501038-1	2000	AIM: To study that l-stepholidine (SPD) regulates the expression of proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA and Fos in the striatum after rotational test in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats.	stepholidine	35-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
10999935-6	2000	SC17599 stimulated the binding of [(35)S]GTPgammaS in a naloxone-reversible manner with good potency and maximal effect equivalent to that of the mu-opioid agonists fentanyl and [D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin.	SC 17599	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Isoproterenol	42-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
11033344-5	2000	Naloxone and opioid agents, such as morphine, beta-endorphin and [Met(5)]-enkephalin, significantly enhanced and attenuated the stress-induced increase in noradrenaline release in these regions and the stress-induced emotional change, respectively.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
11033344-5	2000	Naloxone and opioid agents, such as morphine, beta-endorphin and [Met(5)]-enkephalin, significantly enhanced and attenuated the stress-induced increase in noradrenaline release in these regions and the stress-induced emotional change, respectively.	Norepinephrine	155-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
10996023-10	2000	The immunopotentiation of the PFC response induced by Met-Enk was reversed by OP(1) receptor antagonists, naltrindole and ICI 174864, but not by beta-FNA or nor-BNI.	naltrindole	106-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
11074353-4	2000	Both the ER and PR protein concentrations and the [3H]Estradiol binding to the high affinity nuclear receptors decreased after ENK treatment during the first two days.	Tritium	51-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
10900225-3	2000	Exposure of DRG neurons to the mu-agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 3 microM) reduced whole-cell currents approximately 35%, but with continued agonist application, 52% of the response was lost over 10 to 12 min.	n-mephe	52-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
10900225-3	2000	Exposure of DRG neurons to the mu-agonist [D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4), Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO; 3 microM) reduced whole-cell currents approximately 35%, but with continued agonist application, 52% of the response was lost over 10 to 12 min.	gly-ol	64-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
10924927-0	2000	Analgesic doses of the enkephalin degrading enzyme inhibitor RB 120 do not have discriminative stimulus properties.	RB 120	61-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
10924927-1	2000	The systemically active mixed inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism, N-((S)-2-benzyl-3[(S) 2-amino-4-methylthio)butyldithio-]-1-oxopropyl)-L-alanine benzylester (RB 120), alone or in combination with 4-?[2-[[3-(1H-indol-3-yl))-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.1.	RB 120	159-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
10924927-1	2000	The systemically active mixed inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism, N-((S)-2-benzyl-3[(S) 2-amino-4-methylthio)butyldithio-]-1-oxopropyl)-L-alanine benzylester (RB 120), alone or in combination with 4-?[2-[[3-(1H-indol-3-yl))-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-[[(tricyclo[3.3.1.1.	4-?[2-[[3-(1h-indol-3-yl))-2-methyl-1-oxo-2-[[(tricyclo[	197-253	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
10923996-0	2000	Ethanol uses cAMP-independent signal transduction mechanisms to activate proenkephalin promoter activity in rat C6 glioma cells.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-86
10923996-0	2000	Ethanol uses cAMP-independent signal transduction mechanisms to activate proenkephalin promoter activity in rat C6 glioma cells.	Cyclic AMP	13-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-86
10923996-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Previous in vivo studies show that acute ethanol exposure sequentially increases protein kinase A (PKA) activity, the phosphorylation of the adenosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent transcription factor, CREB, and finally proenkephalin gene expression.	Ethanol	53-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	247-260
10923996-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Previous in vivo studies show that acute ethanol exposure sequentially increases protein kinase A (PKA) activity, the phosphorylation of the adenosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent transcription factor, CREB, and finally proenkephalin gene expression.	Cyclic AMP	191-195	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	247-260
10923996-2	2000	The present study was conducted to determine if ethanol could activate directly the adenylyl cyclase pathway and thus enhance proenkephalin promoter activity.	Ethanol	48-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-139
10923996-3	2000	METHODS: Cultured rat C6 glioma cells stably transfected with a segment of the five prime flanking region of rat proenkephalin promoter (nucleotide -2700+/-53) ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene were employed to study the effects of ethanol on proenkephalin promoter activity.	Ethanol	267-274	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-126
10923996-4	2000	This region of proenkephalin promoter contains two cAMP response elements (CRE-1 and CRE-2) and one AP2 site located in the region upstream of the TATA box.	Cyclic AMP	51-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-28
10923996-6	2000	RESULTS: Ethanol and isoproterenol increased proenkephalin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethanol	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-58
10923996-6	2000	RESULTS: Ethanol and isoproterenol increased proenkephalin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoproterenol	21-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-58
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Isoproterenol	42-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-206
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Ethanol	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-206
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Ethanol	121-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Ethanol	121-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-206
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Cyclic AMP	136-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
10923996-7	2000	Ethanol had an additive effect on maximal isoproterenol-stimulated proenkephalin promoter activity, which suggested that ethanol used a cAMP-independent signal transduction pathway to increase proenkephalin promoter activation.	Cyclic AMP	136-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-206
10923996-12	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol enhanced proenkephalin promoter activity and potentiated isoproterenol-stimulated promoter activity through a cAMP-independent pathway.	Ethanol	13-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-43
10814777-1	2000	Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and proenkephalin A (PEA) antisense oligodeoxynucleotides respectively reduced and enhanced proliferation of rat splenocytes incubated with concanavalin A in vitro.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	64-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-47
10854288-0	2000	Assessment of stereoselectivity of trimethylphenylalanine analogues of delta-opioid [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin.	trimethylphenylalanine	35-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
10854288-0	2000	Assessment of stereoselectivity of trimethylphenylalanine analogues of delta-opioid [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin.	delta-opioid [d-pen	71-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
10854288-0	2000	Assessment of stereoselectivity of trimethylphenylalanine analogues of delta-opioid [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]-enkephalin.	d-pen(	85-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
10848572-5	2000	Naloxone applied at iontophoretic current that blocked the inhibitory effect of [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin, reduced the peak inhibitory effect of endomorphins on the NMDA- and natural stimulus-evoked responses.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
10848572-5	2000	Naloxone applied at iontophoretic current that blocked the inhibitory effect of [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin, reduced the peak inhibitory effect of endomorphins on the NMDA- and natural stimulus-evoked responses.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	91-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
10848572-5	2000	Naloxone applied at iontophoretic current that blocked the inhibitory effect of [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-enkephalin, reduced the peak inhibitory effect of endomorphins on the NMDA- and natural stimulus-evoked responses.	gly(5)-ol	104-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
10841376-5	2000	The increased L-ENK was returned to normoxic level when hypoxia (10.8% O2) exposure lasted for 24 h. After ADX, 10.8% O2 hypoxia induced a sharp decline of L-ENK in the ME, but this decline was completely reversed by treatment with DEX (500 microg/rat, i.p.).	Oxygen	71-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
10878500-5	2000	Furthermore, we have previously shown that chronic DOCA administration results in an increase in mRNA levels of the endogenous opiate enkephalin in male rats given 24-hour access to tap water and 2% NaCl (two-bottle choice).	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	51-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10878500-5	2000	Furthermore, we have previously shown that chronic DOCA administration results in an increase in mRNA levels of the endogenous opiate enkephalin in male rats given 24-hour access to tap water and 2% NaCl (two-bottle choice).	Water	186-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10878500-5	2000	Furthermore, we have previously shown that chronic DOCA administration results in an increase in mRNA levels of the endogenous opiate enkephalin in male rats given 24-hour access to tap water and 2% NaCl (two-bottle choice).	Sodium Chloride	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10878500-10	2000	Consistent with our hypothesis, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) we found relatively higher enkephalin- and tachykinin-mRNA abundance in the 2h vs. 2hX and dynorphin-mRNA in the 24h vs. 24hX groups.	Deuterium	154-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
10878500-10	2000	Consistent with our hypothesis, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens (AcbSh) we found relatively higher enkephalin- and tachykinin-mRNA abundance in the 2h vs. 2hX and dynorphin-mRNA in the 24h vs. 24hX groups.	24hx	199-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
10841376-5	2000	The increased L-ENK was returned to normoxic level when hypoxia (10.8% O2) exposure lasted for 24 h. After ADX, 10.8% O2 hypoxia induced a sharp decline of L-ENK in the ME, but this decline was completely reversed by treatment with DEX (500 microg/rat, i.p.).	Oxygen	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
10841376-5	2000	The increased L-ENK was returned to normoxic level when hypoxia (10.8% O2) exposure lasted for 24 h. After ADX, 10.8% O2 hypoxia induced a sharp decline of L-ENK in the ME, but this decline was completely reversed by treatment with DEX (500 microg/rat, i.p.).	Oxygen	118-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
10841376-5	2000	The increased L-ENK was returned to normoxic level when hypoxia (10.8% O2) exposure lasted for 24 h. After ADX, 10.8% O2 hypoxia induced a sharp decline of L-ENK in the ME, but this decline was completely reversed by treatment with DEX (500 microg/rat, i.p.).	Dexamethasone	232-235	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
10751579-0	2000	Acute ethanol induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in pre-pro-enkephalin expressing neurons of the central nucleus of the amygdala.	Ethanol	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-71
10760491-7	2000	The selective delta agonist, [D-Pen(2,5)]-enkephalin (100, 500 microM), reversed the effect of naltrindole, confirming that delta receptors mediated this effect.	naltrindole	95-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
10822066-5	2000	The centrally injected naltrindole (0.5 nmol/rat) antagonised also the gastroprotective effect of clonidine --but not that of the delta-agonist [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)]enkephalin--administered peripherally.	naltrindole	23-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
10751579-16	2000	In the present study, we report that ethanol-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity was mainly confined to neurons that express pro-enkephalin (ENK).	Ethanol	37-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-134
10790856-2	2000	Recently, the delta enkephalin analogue [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) has been demonstrated to protect against, as well as to reverse methamphetamine-induced loss of dopamine transporters.	Methamphetamine	143-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
10790856-2	2000	Recently, the delta enkephalin analogue [D-Ala(2),D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) has been demonstrated to protect against, as well as to reverse methamphetamine-induced loss of dopamine transporters.	Dopamine	175-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
10751579-16	2000	In the present study, we report that ethanol-induced c-Fos immunoreactivity was mainly confined to neurons that express pro-enkephalin (ENK).	Ethanol	37-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
10751579-18	2000	Our results thus provide anatomical evidence indicating that within the amygdala, GABAergic neurons that contain ENK are responsive to acute ethanol exposure.	Ethanol	141-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
10715562-7	2000	The result indicates that chronic AAS treatment increased the activity in the dynorphin B- and Met-enkephalin-Arg(6)Phe(7)-ir in the hypothalamus, striatum and periaqueductal gray (PAG) compared to controls.	Arginine	110-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
10715562-7	2000	The result indicates that chronic AAS treatment increased the activity in the dynorphin B- and Met-enkephalin-Arg(6)Phe(7)-ir in the hypothalamus, striatum and periaqueductal gray (PAG) compared to controls.	Phenylalanine	116-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
10727732-0	2000	Prenatal Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure modifies proenkephalin gene expression in the fetal rat brain: sex-dependent differences.	Dronabinol	9-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-70
10727732-1	2000	Perinatal Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) exposure in rats resulted in enhanced morphine self-administration behavior, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs or changes in pain sensitivity, which have been related to changes in micro-opioid receptor binding and/or proenkephalin mRNA levels in several brain regions.	Dronabinol	10-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	278-291
10727732-1	2000	Perinatal Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) exposure in rats resulted in enhanced morphine self-administration behavior, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs or changes in pain sensitivity, which have been related to changes in micro-opioid receptor binding and/or proenkephalin mRNA levels in several brain regions.	Dronabinol	41-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	278-291
10727732-5	2000	Prenatal Delta(9)-THC exposure altered proenkephalin mRNA levels in most of the brain areas studied at different fetal ages, but the effects were different between sexes.	Dronabinol	9-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-52
10727732-6	2000	Thus, proenkephalin mRNA levels increased in females, but decreased in males that had been prenatally exposed to Delta(9)-THC.	Dronabinol	113-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-19
10727732-9	2000	In summary, prenatal Delta(9)-THC exposure produced a sex-dependent effect in proenkephalin mRNA levels in several brain structures of rat fetuses.	Dronabinol	30-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-91
10694468-2	2000	The rabbit brain endooligopeptidase A and the rat testes soluble metallopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.15) are thiol-activated oligopeptidases which are able to generate enkephalin from a number of opioid peptides and to inactivate bradykinin and neurotensin by hydrolyzing the same peptide bonds.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	101-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
27414134-7	2000	Furthermore, the levels of dynorphin B and met-enkephalin are significantly increased in dopamine opiate-rich brain areas (caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus) during ID.	Dopamine	89-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
10737419-0	2000	Receptor binding and G-protein activation by new Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 derived peptides.	Peptides	83-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
10737419-1	2000	Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, MERF) is a naturally occurring heptapeptide that binds to opioid and non-opioid recognition sites in the central nervous system.	Enkephalin-met, arg(6)-	27-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
10737419-1	2000	Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, MERF) is a naturally occurring heptapeptide that binds to opioid and non-opioid recognition sites in the central nervous system.	Phenylalanine	21-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
10902893-0	2000	Effect of melatonin on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels induced by kainic acid in the rat hippocampus.	Melatonin	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
10902893-0	2000	Effect of melatonin on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels induced by kainic acid in the rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	95-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
10902893-1	2000	The in vivo short-term effect of melatonin on kainic acid (KA)-induced proenkephalin (proENK) or prodynorphin (proDYN) mRNA, and on AP-1 protein levels in the rat hippocampus, were studied.	Kainic Acid	46-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-84
10965231-5	2000	Met-Enk-induced immunopotentiation was antagonized by anti-Met-Enk antibodies (anti-Met-Enk-Ig) and quaternary naltrexone (qNtx).	Naltrexone	111-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
10965231-5	2000	Met-Enk-induced immunopotentiation was antagonized by anti-Met-Enk antibodies (anti-Met-Enk-Ig) and quaternary naltrexone (qNtx).	qntx	123-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
10887947-5	2000	Local administration of an enkephalin analog or peptidase inhibitors into the cPAG suppresses morphine withdrawal signs.	cpag	78-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
10887947-5	2000	Local administration of an enkephalin analog or peptidase inhibitors into the cPAG suppresses morphine withdrawal signs.	Morphine	94-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
10688972-2	2000	The mu-opioid agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]enkephalin) significantly stimulated beta-endorphin and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release relative to controls early (30 min) in the incubation period.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	40-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
10688972-4	2000	The delta-opioid receptor agonist DPDPE ([D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin) weakly inhibited beta-endorphin secretion relative to controls while the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50488 had no effect.	d-pen(2,5)	42-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
10660891-2	2000	However, numerous ENK-labeled terminals lacked GABA and exhibited synaptic specializations that were characteristic of excitatory-type transmitters.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	47-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
10660891-4	2000	Indeed, 28% of the ENK-labeled axon terminals examined (n = 250 axon terminals) also contained glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	95-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
10633493-0	2000	Overexpression of proenkephalin in the amygdala potentiates the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines.	Benzodiazepines	86-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
27416159-8	2000	Serum glucose was tightly correlated with Enk-LI reaching highest values in the MF (r= -0.82).	Glucose	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
10625117-0	1999	Effect of imipramine on enkephalin-degrading peptidases.	Imipramine	10-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
10588934-9	1999	As previously reported for nociceptin, Phe(1)psi-nociceptin(1 - 13) caused an outward current in LC neurons voltage clamped at -60 mV (pD(2) of 7.1, maximum current 50% of that of methionine enkephalin, 10 microM).	Phenylalanine	39-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
10601463-6	1999	The mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala(2), N-Me-Phe(4), Gly(5)-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) hyperpolarized 7 of 19 tested neurons with a conductance increase.	N-Methyl-L-phenylalanine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
10602337-8	1999	In spontaneously withdrawn LC neurons from morphine-dependent rats, met-enkephalin (pD2 7.1, maximum inhibition 49%) and morphine (pD2 6.5, maximum inhibition 33%), inhibited IBa in all cells.	Morphine	43-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
10602337-14	1999	This study demonstrates that in morphine-dependent rats, morphine and met-enkephalin modulation of somatic IBa in LC neurons displays modest tolerance compared with untreated rats.	Morphine	32-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
10625117-2	1999	In this work, we have measured the effect of imipramine on enkephalin-degrading peptidases in several rat brain areas.	Imipramine	45-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10625117-7	1999	These results suggest to us that enkephalin-degrading peptidases are involved in the acute and chronic action mechanism of imipramine and reinforce the idea that the central enkephalinergic activity is dynamically changed during the treatment of depressive illness.	Imipramine	123-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
10553648-1	1999	To understand the effect of the replacement of Tyr residue at position 1 in opioid peptides by 2,6-dimethyl-Tyr (Dmt) on the biological property, chiral (D or L) Dmt1 analogs of Leu-enkephalin (Enk) and Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-beta Ala-NH2 (YRFB) were synthesized and their enzymatic stabilities, in vitro bioactivities and receptor binding affinities compared with those of parent peptides.	dmt	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-192
10559380-5	1999	The opioid receptor agonist D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) dramatically increased the amplitude of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in the hippocampal neurons, with synchronization of the Ca(2+) oscillations across neurons in a given field.	d-ala(2)-n-me-phe	28-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10559380-5	1999	The opioid receptor agonist D-Ala(2)-N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) dramatically increased the amplitude of spontaneous intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in the hippocampal neurons, with synchronization of the Ca(2+) oscillations across neurons in a given field.	gly-ol	49-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10554657-3	1999	In the present work, the effect of acute lithium administration on soluble and membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading tyrosine-aminopeptidase activities in discrete brain areas and the pituitary gland is described.	Lithium	41-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
10558900-1	1999	Opioid binding properties of Tyr-D-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr-NH-NH-Gly-Mal (DSLET-Mal), a novel enkephalin-framed affinity label, was determined in rat brain membranes.	tyr-d-ser-gly-phe-leu-thr-nh-nh-gly-mal	29-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
10510980-5	1999	In situ hybridization experiments suggested a significant enhancement of proenkephalin mRNA expression in specific brain regions 24 h after PTZ treatment.	Pentylenetetrazole	140-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-86
10381776-7	1999	After 50 days of housing, plasma corticosterone, adrenal catecholamines, and the density of cyclic[D-penicillamine2-D-penicillamine2]enkephalin-stimu lat ed guanylyl 5"-[gamma[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding in the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, arcuate, and median eminence were also determined.	guanylyl 5"-[gamma[35s]thio]-triphosphate	157-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
10493735-4	1999	By using whole-cell current recordings, we show that the delta enkephalin analog [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) inhibits, via DORs, L-, N-, P-, and Q-high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.	D-LEUCINE	92-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
10493735-4	1999	By using whole-cell current recordings, we show that the delta enkephalin analog [D-Ala(2), D-Leu(5)]-enkephalin (DADLE) inhibits, via DORs, L-, N-, P-, and Q-high voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.	D-LEUCINE	92-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
10455306-7	1999	The GABA(B) receptor agonist, baclofen, and the opioid receptor agonist, enkephalin, partially inhibited the total barium current in a concentration-dependent manner with EC50 values of 2 and 0.3 microm , respectively.	Barium	115-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
10455306-15	1999	In the presence of a saturating concentration of enkephalin, baclofen produced additional inhibition of the barium current.	Baclofen	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
10455306-15	1999	In the presence of a saturating concentration of enkephalin, baclofen produced additional inhibition of the barium current.	Barium	108-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
10455306-16	1999	In contrast, in the presence of a saturating concentration of enkephalin, UK14304 produced no further inhibition of the barium current.	Brimonidine Tartrate	74-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
10415698-1	1999	These results using herpes virus-mediated gene transfer to overexpress enkephalin in the amygdala support the role of amygdalar opioids in the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines and supraspinal nociception (see ref.	Benzodiazepines	165-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
10366614-1	1999	The role of enkephalin and the opioid receptors in modulating GABA release within the rat globus pallidus (GP) was investigated using whole-cell patch recordings made from visually identified neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	62-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
10366614-11	1999	Enkephalin, acting at both of these receptor subtypes, serves to reduce GABA release in the GP and may therefore act as an adaptive mechanism, maintaining the inhibitory function of the GP in basal ganglia circuitry.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	72-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10355593-6	1999	The mu-opioid receptor agonist DAMGO ([D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin) caused a significant increase in serum prolactin concentration.	[d-ala2, nme-phe4	38-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
10369482-6	1999	Intrastriatal administration of the selective micro-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM), significantly decreased the extracellular concentration of DA in the striatum.	mephe4	84-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
10369482-6	1999	Intrastriatal administration of the selective micro-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM), significantly decreased the extracellular concentration of DA in the striatum.	Dopamine	112-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
11498997-0	1999	[Effect of enkephalin on glial neurotrophic function related to the reduction of nitric oxide production].	Nitric Oxide	81-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
10355593-7	1999	The selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50, 488H (trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-[2(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzene acetamide methane sulfonate salt) induced a small but significant increase in serum prolactin levels but no effect was observed after administration of the delta-opioid agonist DPDPE ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin).	u-50	44-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	323-333
10355593-7	1999	The selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50, 488H (trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-N-[2(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzene acetamide methane sulfonate salt) induced a small but significant increase in serum prolactin levels but no effect was observed after administration of the delta-opioid agonist DPDPE ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin).	trans-(+/-)-3,4-dichloro-n-[2(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl]-benzene acetamide methane sulfonate salt	56-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	323-333
10404951-4	1999	The sequential administration of increasing doses (5, 10, 50 nmol) of the selective mu agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and delta agonists [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]-enkephalin into the same areas of the hippocampus as used for the kappa agonist had no significant effects on mean blood pressure and heart rate in either hypertensive or normotensive rats.	gly5-ol	115-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
10323308-2	1999	Of 17 compounds tested, acetylcholine (Ach), neuropeptide Y (NPY), norepinephrine (NE), and met-enkephalin (met-Enk) were effective modulators of the Ca2+ currents.	Acetylcholine	24-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
10095090-2	1999	In this study hamster Penk gene expression was examined after hypophysectomy+/-glucocorticoid receptor blockade with RU 486 (mifepristone).	Mifepristone	117-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
10095090-2	1999	In this study hamster Penk gene expression was examined after hypophysectomy+/-glucocorticoid receptor blockade with RU 486 (mifepristone).	Mifepristone	125-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
10103090-6	1999	In situ hybridization experiments in the caudate-putamen indicated that SR48692 (10 mg/kg) markedly reduced zif268 mRNA labelling produced by SKF38393 plus quinpirole in cells not expressing enkephalin mRNA, but was unable to affect the concomitant decrease of zif268 mRNA labelling in enkephalin-positive cells.	SR 48692	72-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	286-296
10064821-7	1999	Taken together, these results reveal a strain difference in the reinforcing efficacy of morphine and in the basal PENK gene expression in brain regions involved in the reinforcing actions of opiates.	Opiate Alkaloids	191-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
10029240-7	1999	GABA-like immunolabeled terminals contained small, clear, pleomorphic or round vesicles and were found to make synapses with ENK-like immunolabeled and nonimmunolabeled dendrites, whereas most of the ENK-like immunolabeled axon terminals contained dense-cored vesicles.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
10218785-10	1999	The enkephalin- and neurotensin-expressing cells in the amygdala are activated by D-fenfluramine via non-serotonergic mechanisms.	Dexfenfluramine	82-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10029240-7	1999	GABA-like immunolabeled terminals contained small, clear, pleomorphic or round vesicles and were found to make synapses with ENK-like immunolabeled and nonimmunolabeled dendrites, whereas most of the ENK-like immunolabeled axon terminals contained dense-cored vesicles.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
11972184-1	1999	In the present work, the effect of intrahippocampal microinjection of opioid receptor antagonist naloxone on the enhancement of cellular immune responses induced by enkephalin was studied in rat.	Naloxone	97-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
9878688-0	1999	In the ventromedial nucleus of the rat hypothalamus, GABA-immunolabeled neurons are abundant and are innervated by both enkephalin- and GABA-immunolabeled axon terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	53-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
9878688-8	1999	Enkephalin-containing terminals accounted for a large fraction (25% 23/92) of the axons in contact with GABA-labeled dendrites, although they also contacted unlabeled dendrites.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	104-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9878688-11	1999	In addition, GABA-labeled VMN neurons may be regulated by either enkephalin or GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	13-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
10076874-0	1999	Prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNAs are increased in rat brain after acute and chronic administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate.	Sodium Oxybate	106-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-30
10426535-4	1999	The expression of the messenger RNAs encoding glutamate decarboxylase-the biosynthetic enzyme of GABA-and the precursor peptides of enkephalin (preproenkephalin) and dynorphin (preprodynorphin) were measured in rats after a sustained blockade of opioid receptors by naloxone (s.c. implanted osmotic minipump, eight days, 3 mg/kg per h), and/or a subchronic blockade of D2 dopamine receptors by haloperidol (one week, 1.25 mg/kg s.c. twice a day).	Naloxone	266-274	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
9988100-5	1999	In contrast, during the "drug expecting" state, heroin-treated animals had increased levels of dynorphin A, dynorphin B and [Met5]-enkephalin in the caudal striatum as compared to the cocaine- and saline-treated animals, and the level of [Leu5]-enkephalin was increased as compared to the cocaine-treated group.	Heroin	48-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
9988100-5	1999	In contrast, during the "drug expecting" state, heroin-treated animals had increased levels of dynorphin A, dynorphin B and [Met5]-enkephalin in the caudal striatum as compared to the cocaine- and saline-treated animals, and the level of [Leu5]-enkephalin was increased as compared to the cocaine-treated group.	Heroin	48-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
9988100-6	1999	In the septum, an increase of [Met5]-enkephalin and substance P was observed in the animals expecting heroin as compared to the saline- and/or cocaine-treated animals.	Heroin	102-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
9988100-6	1999	In the septum, an increase of [Met5]-enkephalin and substance P was observed in the animals expecting heroin as compared to the saline- and/or cocaine-treated animals.	Sodium Chloride	128-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
9988100-8	1999	In conclusion, heroin, as compared to cocaine, appears to have a more pronounced effect on dynorphin, enkephalin and substance P levels in the caudal striatum and septum, especially during periods when self-administration of the drug is expected.	Heroin	15-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
10051187-2	1999	Haloperidol treatment for 34 weeks increased the optical density of preproenkephalin messenger RNA in individual striatal neurons and enkephalin peptide in the neuropil, regardless of the level of oral dyskinesia produced.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
10465452-8	1999	The non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, blocked the inhibitory responses of the neurons to endomorphin-1, endomorphin-2 and enkephalin, but not to nociceptin.	Naloxone	46-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
10426535-4	1999	The expression of the messenger RNAs encoding glutamate decarboxylase-the biosynthetic enzyme of GABA-and the precursor peptides of enkephalin (preproenkephalin) and dynorphin (preprodynorphin) were measured in rats after a sustained blockade of opioid receptors by naloxone (s.c. implanted osmotic minipump, eight days, 3 mg/kg per h), and/or a subchronic blockade of D2 dopamine receptors by haloperidol (one week, 1.25 mg/kg s.c. twice a day).	Haloperidol	394-405	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
10426535-13	1999	The down-regulation of mu opioid receptors following haloperidol represents probably an adaptive change to increased enkephalin biosynthesis and release.	Haloperidol	53-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
10426535-16	1999	The reduction of pallidal glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA expression following opioid receptor blockade indicates an indirect, excitatory influence of enkephalin upon globus pallidus neurons and, consequently, a functional antagonism between the two neuroactive substances (GABA and enkephalin) of the striatopallidal projection in the control of globus pallidus output.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	280-284	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
10426535-17	1999	Through this antagonism enkephalin could partly attenuate the GABA-mediated effects of a dopaminergic denervation on pallidal neuronal activity.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	62-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
10078614-0	1998	Glutamate/aspartate and leu-enkephalin immunoreactivity in mammillothalamic projection neurons of the rat.	Leucine	24-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
9863697-7	1998	We concluded that glutamate neurons are involved in the development and maintenance of the PEnk gene expression in the neocortex.	Glutamic Acid	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
9920202-8	1998	However, [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalinamide (20 nmol), an enkephalin analog, injected into the cPAG decreased the number of jumping without any influence on the other withdrawal signs.	cpag	91-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
9813004-8	1998	It has a Km of 95 microM and a kcat of 7.8 s-1 on methionine-enkephalin, releasing only the N-terminal tyrosine.	Tyrosine	103-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
9757037-3	1998	The pretreatment with staurosporine (1 microM) completely inhibited the increase of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level, although only a partial inhibition of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level (approximately 1.5-fold) by H89 (10 microM) was observed.	Staurosporine	22-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
9873202-12	1998	Among opioid peptides endogenous to the pituitary, only met-ENK was able to unmask cryptic receptors, an effect antagonized by naltrindole.	naltrindole	127-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9819144-5	1998	The delta-opioid receptor agonist D-Pen2, D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE, 10(-6) M) evoked [Ca2+]i increases that were blocked by the delta-opioid antagonist ICI 174.388 (10(-5) M).	d-pen2	34-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
9831122-0	1998	Effects of acute benzene exposure on brain enkephalin immunostaining and degradation.	Benzene	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
9831122-4	1998	Enkephalin immunostaining shows a significant increase in substantia nigra, central gray (dorsal, lateral and pontine), and tegmental nuclei in acute in vivo benzene-treated rats with respect to controls.	Benzene	158-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9757037-0	1998	Prostaglandin E2 increases proenkephalin mRNA level in rat astrocyte-enriched culture.	Dinoprostone	0-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
9757037-1	1998	The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA expression in primary cultured rat astrocytes was studied.	Dinoprostone	14-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
9757037-1	1998	The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA expression in primary cultured rat astrocytes was studied.	Dinoprostone	14-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
9757037-1	1998	The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA expression in primary cultured rat astrocytes was studied.	Dinoprostone	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
9757037-1	1998	The effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA expression in primary cultured rat astrocytes was studied.	Dinoprostone	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
9757037-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was significantly increased about 3.3-fold 4 h after PGE2 (10 microM) treatment and this increase was potentiated by the pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) about 1.7-fold as much as PGE2 alone treated cells.	Dinoprostone	75-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9845280-0	1998	Imipramine inhibits soluble enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity in vitro.	Imipramine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
9845280-2	1998	Imipramine in vitro inhibits the enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase MII and interacts with the enzyme in a mixed competitive-noncompetitive manner.	Imipramine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
9845280-3	1998	The present work shows that imipramine in vitro also inhibits reversibly soluble enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity in rat brain.	Imipramine	28-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
9757037-3	1998	The pretreatment with staurosporine (1 microM) completely inhibited the increase of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level, although only a partial inhibition of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level (approximately 1.5-fold) by H89 (10 microM) was observed.	Dinoprostone	84-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-103
9757037-3	1998	The pretreatment with staurosporine (1 microM) completely inhibited the increase of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level, although only a partial inhibition of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level (approximately 1.5-fold) by H89 (10 microM) was observed.	Dinoprostone	154-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-173
9757037-4	1998	The increase of PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level was not affected by the pretreatment with PD98059 (1, 5, and 10 microM), omega-conotoxin GIVA (1 microM), nimodipine (1 microM), calmidazolium (1 microM), or KN-62 (1 microM).	Dinoprostone	16-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
9757037-9	1998	In western blot analyses, PGE2 enhanced the phosphorylation of CREB (approximately 2.6-fold at 1 h), and CHX showed a potentiative effect on PGE2-induced CREB phosphorylation ( approximately 1.7 fold at 1 h) which is similar to the action on proENK mRNA regulation.	Dinoprostone	141-145	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	242-248
9757037-10	1998	Our results suggest that PGE2 increases proENK mRNA expression via activating serine/threonine protein kinase such as PKA, but not calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase and MAPK.	Dinoprostone	25-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
9757037-11	1998	In addition, phosphorylation of CREB rather than the increase of AP-1 may have a possible role at least early stage in PGE2-induced proENK mRNA level and CHX-evoked potentiation.	Dinoprostone	119-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
9757037-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was significantly increased about 3.3-fold 4 h after PGE2 (10 microM) treatment and this increase was potentiated by the pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) about 1.7-fold as much as PGE2 alone treated cells.	Cycloheximide	162-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9757037-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was significantly increased about 3.3-fold 4 h after PGE2 (10 microM) treatment and this increase was potentiated by the pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) about 1.7-fold as much as PGE2 alone treated cells.	Cycloheximide	177-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9757037-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was significantly increased about 3.3-fold 4 h after PGE2 (10 microM) treatment and this increase was potentiated by the pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM) about 1.7-fold as much as PGE2 alone treated cells.	Dinoprostone	219-223	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9706936-5	1998	A peripheral delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen(2,5)] enkephalin (DPDPE), suppressed only Phase 2 of the formalin test.	Formaldehyde	108-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
9873480-1	1998	Novel Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) (1) analogs possessing various types of alpha-substituted serine instead of its glycine residue in the position 2 were synthesized via an efficient O,N-migration method.	Leucine	6-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
9873480-1	1998	Novel Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) (1) analogs possessing various types of alpha-substituted serine instead of its glycine residue in the position 2 were synthesized via an efficient O,N-migration method.	alpha-substituted serine	71-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
9873480-1	1998	Novel Leu-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) (1) analogs possessing various types of alpha-substituted serine instead of its glycine residue in the position 2 were synthesized via an efficient O,N-migration method.	Glycine	111-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
9832925-3	1998	The cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity was potentiated by the selective delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2-D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	Cocaine	4-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
9726289-0	1998	Effects of chronic ethanol consumption and aging on proenkephalin and neurotensin.	Ethanol	19-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-65
9726289-1	1998	We examined the combined effects of chronic ethanol consumption and aging on mRNA and peptide for proenkephalin (PE), the precursor of met- and leu-enkephalin.	Ethanol	44-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-111
9639282-7	1998	[3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin binding to mu opioid receptors was significantly higher in the globus pallidus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, central gray, and interpeduncular nucleus of the naltrexone-treated rats.	Tritium	1-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
9826786-5	1998	Activation of protein kinase A with 8Br.cAMP strongly enhanced the number of cells that expressed the PEnk gene in slices prepared from the brains of newborn or 7-d-old rats.	8-Bromoadenosine 5'-monophosphate	36-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
9826786-5	1998	Activation of protein kinase A with 8Br.cAMP strongly enhanced the number of cells that expressed the PEnk gene in slices prepared from the brains of newborn or 7-d-old rats.	Cyclic AMP	40-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
9826786-7	1998	After stimulation with 8Br.cAMP or PACAP-38, PEnk mRNA-containing cells were found in the subventricular zone as well as in the adjacent area through which glial cells migrate on their way to the neocortex.	8-Bromoadenosine 5'-monophosphate	23-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
9826786-7	1998	After stimulation with 8Br.cAMP or PACAP-38, PEnk mRNA-containing cells were found in the subventricular zone as well as in the adjacent area through which glial cells migrate on their way to the neocortex.	Cyclic AMP	27-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
9639277-0	1998	Apposition of enkephalin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons by serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities in the rat spinal cord.	Serotonin	68-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
9694948-7	1998	Furthermore, the distribution in rat brain regions of the binding of 35S-GTPgammaS stimulated by nociceptin differed from that stimulated by the mu opioid agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol)]-enkephalin.	Sulfur-35	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
9639277-4	1998	Using a double immunofluorescence technique, serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities were observed to abut the soma or proximal dendrites of [Met]enkephalin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons.	Serotonin	45-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
9639277-5	1998	Nearly 75% of all [Met]enkephalin- and neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons were apposed by serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities in the marginal zone and dorsal gray commissure.	Serotonin	90-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
9639277-7	1998	[Met]enkephalin-immunoreactive neurons also were bordered by serotonin-immunoreactive varicosities in the nucleus proprius (65%) and sacral parasympathetic nucleus (75%).	Serotonin	61-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
9639277-9	1998	The mode of action of spinal serotonin on enkephalin and neurotensin neurons may be through "volume" transmission vs synaptic or "wiring" transmission.	Serotonin	29-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
9639282-7	1998	[3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin binding to mu opioid receptors was significantly higher in the globus pallidus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, central gray, and interpeduncular nucleus of the naltrexone-treated rats.	methylamine	11-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
9639282-7	1998	[3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin binding to mu opioid receptors was significantly higher in the globus pallidus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, central gray, and interpeduncular nucleus of the naltrexone-treated rats.	Glycine	21-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
9639282-7	1998	[3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin binding to mu opioid receptors was significantly higher in the globus pallidus, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, central gray, and interpeduncular nucleus of the naltrexone-treated rats.	Naltrexone	258-268	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
9708865-3	1998	In the present study, the selective mu-opioid agonist, D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO), was used to further test the hypothesis.	d-ala2-n-me-phe4	55-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
10102680-5	1998	Naive rats receiving a stress stimulus showed a significant decrease of proenkephalin derived peptides in BMMC, TMC and SMC.	trimethylchlorosilane	112-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-85
9602069-0	1998	The modulatory role of nitric oxide in the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.	Nitric Oxide	23-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-70
9651168-0	1998	Synthesis and biological activity of a novel methylamine-bridged enkephalin analogue (MABE): a new route to cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics.	methylamine	45-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
9651168-0	1998	Synthesis and biological activity of a novel methylamine-bridged enkephalin analogue (MABE): a new route to cyclic peptides and peptidomimetics.	Peptides, Cyclic	108-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
9651168-1	1998	The synthesis and biological activity of a methylamine-bridged enkephalin analogue (MABE) is presented.	methylamine	43-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
9547380-8	1998	Nociceptin (EC50, 5 nM) and baclofen (EC50, 0.8 microM) inhibited IBa in all PAG neurons, while the opioid agonist methionine enkephalin (met-enkephalin; 300 nM-10 microM) inhibited IBa in 40 % of neurons.	Baclofen	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
9547380-9	1998	The effects of met-enkephalin were reversed by the mu-opioid antagonist CTAP, and mimicked by the mu-opioid agonist DAMGO (300 nM-3 microM).	CTAP	72-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
9602069-9	1998	Our results suggest that L-ARG plays an important role in inhibiting KA-induced proENK or proDYN mRNA expression, and its inhibitory action may be mediated through reducing the proto-oncoprotein levels, such as c-Fos, Fra-2, FosB, c-Jun, JunD, and JunB.	Arginine	25-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
9618438-2	1998	A previous study demonstrated peripheral morphine administration to increase pallidal enkephalin release.	Morphine	41-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
9618438-6	1998	High concentrations of morphine (100 nM to 100 microM) had little or no effect, whereas M6G (10 microM) suppressed enkephalin release, an effect that was reversed by beta-FNA.	beta-funaltrexamine	166-174	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
9602069-0	1998	The modulatory role of nitric oxide in the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	116-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-70
9602069-4	1998	The elevations of both proENK and proDYN mRNA levels induced by KA was effectively inhibited by pre-administration of L-ARG (400 mg/kg, i.p.	Arginine	118-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
9602069-6	1998	The blockade of KA-induced proENK and proDYN mRNA levels by the pre-treatment with L-ARG was well correlated with proto-oncoprotein levels, such as c-Fos, Fra-2, FosB, JunD, JunB, and c-Jun, as well as AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities.	Arginine	83-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-33
9751150-6	1998	Enkephalin-immunoreactive cells co-localized GABA, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calretinin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	45-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9751150-7	1998	Postembedding immunogold staining for GABA showed that all the analysed enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons contacted GABAergic postsynaptic structures.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	38-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
9580643-2	1998	In 3-hr tests of free-feeding (satiated) rats, intra-ACB administration of the mu receptor agonist D-Ala2,N,Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO; 0, 0.025, 0.25 and 2.5 micrograms bilaterally) markedly enhanced the intake of fat or carbohydrate when the diets were presented individually (although the effect on fat intake was much greater in magnitude).	Nitrogen	106-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
9548897-1	1998	The effects of various protease inhibitors on the stability of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) were investigated, and the permeability of these peptides was also examined in an in vitro Ussing chamber.	Leucine	83-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
9717445-1	1998	Systemic administration of opioid peptides, methionine-enkephalin and beta-endorphin, chronically, lowered gonadotropin levels in plasma and had an inhibitory effect mainly on the testicular enzymes hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and on incorporation of 3[H] thymidine in the tissue.	Thymidine	260-269	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
9593954-3	1998	Saturation binding analysis with [3H][d-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO: a mu-opioid selective agonist) and [3H]naltrindole (a delta-opioid selective antagonist) revealed no age-related changes in Bmax for either the mu or delta-opioid receptors.	Tritium	34-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
9548897-5	1998	In the transport studies, Leu-Enk did not cross the intestinal membrane in the absence of protease inhibitors, but its transport was improved in the presence of Na-GC.	Leucine	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
9548897-5	1998	In the transport studies, Leu-Enk did not cross the intestinal membrane in the absence of protease inhibitors, but its transport was improved in the presence of Na-GC.	na-gc	161-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
9555062-0	1998	The stimulation of rat astrocytes with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate increases the proenkephalin mRNA: involvement of proto-oncogenes.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	39-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-98
9583756-3	1998	Both DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a mu-opioid receptor agonist) and DPDPE ([D-Phe2,D-Phe5]-enkephalin, a delta-opioid receptor agonist) dose-dependently relieved the chronic allodynia-like behavior at doses selective for their respective receptors.	n-me-phe4	20-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
9555037-3	1998	In the present study, involvement of Fos in the mechanism of the PENK and PDYN gene induction in the hippocampal dentate gyrus during seizures elicited by kainic acid was studied using a knock-down technique.	Kainic Acid	155-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
9555037-6	1998	The subsequent induction of PENK and PDYN mRNAs was reduced by more than 60% by the c-fos antisense oligonucleotide, while constitutive expression of three other genes (alpha-tubulin, NMDA receptor-1, and GS protein alpha-subunit) was not affected.	Oligonucleotides	100-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
9645967-5	1998	Subchronic administration of THC or AM356 increased PENK mRNA levels in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, (82%) and (39%), in the periaqueductal grey matter, (97%) and (49%), and mammillary nucleus, (43%) and (9%), respectively.	Dronabinol	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
9645967-5	1998	Subchronic administration of THC or AM356 increased PENK mRNA levels in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, (82%) and (39%), in the periaqueductal grey matter, (97%) and (49%), and mammillary nucleus, (43%) and (9%), respectively.	methanandamide	36-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
9645967-7	1998	On the other hand, chronic administration of CP-55,940 increased PENK mRNA levels in the striatum (44%), nucleus accumbens (25%), paraventricular (31%) and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus (41%).	cp-55	45-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
9555022-0	1998	RU-486 blocks stress-induced enhancement of proenkephalin gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamus.	Mifepristone	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-57
9555022-5	1998	Stress induced by injection of hypertonic saline increased both CRH and PE mRNA levels in PVN.	Sodium Chloride	42-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-74
9555022-6	1998	Administration of RU-486 completely blocked the stress-induced increase of PE mRNA levels, but failed to alter the CRH mRNA levels in the PNV.	Mifepristone	18-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-77
9555022-7	1998	These data suggests that, under these experimental conditions, endogenous GC are necessary for a normal PE response to hypertonic saline stress.	Sodium Chloride	130-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-106
9555062-1	1998	The effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) on the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level, ENKCRE-2 or AP-1 DNA binding activity, and the mRNA and protein levels of proto-oncogenes (c-fos, fra-1, and c-jun) in primary cultured rat astrocytes were studied.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-86
9555062-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was elevated at 4 h after the treatment of PMA (2.5 microM) without altering the intracellular proENK protein level, and this increase was attenuated by pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM), a protein synthesis inhibitor.	Cycloheximide	194-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9555062-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was elevated at 4 h after the treatment of PMA (2.5 microM) without altering the intracellular proENK protein level, and this increase was attenuated by pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM), a protein synthesis inhibitor.	Cycloheximide	194-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-123
9555062-2	1998	The proENK mRNA level was elevated at 4 h after the treatment of PMA (2.5 microM) without altering the intracellular proENK protein level, and this increase was attenuated by pre-treatment with cycloheximide (CHX; 15 microM), a protein synthesis inhibitor.	Cycloheximide	209-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
9555062-3	1998	Both AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities were markedly increased at 1-4 h by PMA treatment and these PMA-induced responses were inhibited by pre-treatment with CHX, showing that the increase of proENK mRNA level was well correlated with the AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	82-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-205
9555062-3	1998	Both AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities were markedly increased at 1-4 h by PMA treatment and these PMA-induced responses were inhibited by pre-treatment with CHX, showing that the increase of proENK mRNA level was well correlated with the AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	106-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-205
9555062-3	1998	Both AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities were markedly increased at 1-4 h by PMA treatment and these PMA-induced responses were inhibited by pre-treatment with CHX, showing that the increase of proENK mRNA level was well correlated with the AP-1 and ENKCRE-2 DNA binding activities.	Cycloheximide	165-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-205
9518706-8	1998	This noise was abolished by strychnine (1 microM) but was insensitive to bicuculline (10 microM), TTX (0.5 microM), [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 microM) or baclofen (30 microM).	Strychnine	28-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
9464992-2	1998	The mu-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,glycinol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) evoked a hyperpolarization and decrease in input resistance that was reversible, concentration-dependent, and persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin.	n-me-phe4	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9464992-2	1998	The mu-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,glycinol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) evoked a hyperpolarization and decrease in input resistance that was reversible, concentration-dependent, and persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin.	Tetrodotoxin	216-228	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9519284-0	1998	Phenidone blocks the increases of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of Fos-related antigene protein.	phenidone	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-47
9486827-6	1998	In contrast, few enkephalin-containing neuronal afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus also contain serotonin.	Serotonin	98-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
9463438-5	1998	Half-maximal inhibition of Ba2+ current (IBa) amplitude was obtained with 270 nM Met-enkephalin or Leu-enkephalin.	N-methyl-valyl-amiclenomycin	27-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
9463438-5	1998	Half-maximal inhibition of Ba2+ current (IBa) amplitude was obtained with 270 nM Met-enkephalin or Leu-enkephalin.	N-methyl-valyl-amiclenomycin	27-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
9463438-11	1998	Dialysis of the cell with a GTP-free intracellular solution or preincubation of the neurons in Pertussis toxin (PTX) abolished the attenuation of IBa by Met-enkephalin, suggesting the involvement of a PTX-sensitive Gprotein in the signal transduction pathway.	Guanosine Triphosphate	28-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
9502431-2	1998	Both ligands stimulated PENK gene transcription in a dose-dependent manner, with an apparent ED50 close to 5 x 10(-11) M. Inactivation of cAMP dependent-protein kinase (PKA) with a dominant inhibitory mutant strongly reduced PACAP-stimulated PENK transcription.	pacap	225-230	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
9502431-5	1998	Expression of a dominant inhibitory mutant of CREB decreased by 60% the response to PACAP, suggesting that CREB is implicated in PENK transactivation.	pacap	84-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
9502431-7	1998	Taken together, these results indicate that PACAP stimulates PENK transcription by members of both the AP1 and the CREB families.	pacap	44-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
9519284-0	1998	Phenidone blocks the increases of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus: involvement of Fos-related antigene protein.	Kainic Acid	92-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-47
9519284-1	1998	To determine the possible role of cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase pathway in the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) and prodynorphin (proDYN) gene expression induced by kainic acid (KA) in rat hippocampus, the effects of esculetin, aspirin, or phenidone on the seizure activity, proENK and proDYN mRNA levels, and the level of fos-related antigene (Fra) protein induced by KA in rat hippocampus were studied.	Kainic Acid	167-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-104
9443794-1	1998	Methionine-enkephalin (met-enk), an endogenous opiate, mimics many of the effects of morphine by binding to opiate receptors, thereby eliciting similar cellular and behavioral effects.	Morphine	85-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
9443794-6	1998	Analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry suggested that the recovered fragment was met-enk Administration of met-enk inhibits osteoblast cell growth in culture, which is reversible by naltrexone.	Naltrexone	195-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9443794-6	1998	Analysis by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry suggested that the recovered fragment was met-enk Administration of met-enk inhibits osteoblast cell growth in culture, which is reversible by naltrexone.	Naltrexone	195-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
9627081-0	1998	Enhanced hemodynamic response to [D-ALA2,D-MET5]-methionine enkephalin (DAME) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats is reversed by insulin replacement.	Streptozocin	81-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
9672105-3	1998	This being the case, we focused on analyzing enkephalin immunostaining in several regions of the rat brain after lidocaine administration.	Lidocaine	113-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
9734704-0	1998	Perinatal delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure reduces proenkephalin gene expression in the caudate-putamen of adult female rats.	Dronabinol	10-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-68
9734704-5	1998	The results showed a marked reduction in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the caudate-putamen of delta9-THC-exposed females as compared to oil-exposed females, whereas no changes were observed between delta9-THC- and oil-exposed males.	Dronabinol	93-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
9734704-7	1998	In summary, perinatal exposure to delta9-THC exposure decreased proenkephalin gene expression in the caudate-putamen of adult rats, although this effect exhibited a marked sexual dimorphism since it was only seen in females.	Dronabinol	34-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-77
9434132-2	1997	Expression of this receptor was demonstrated with specific binding of the mu-opioid selective ligand [3H][D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin ([3H]DAMGO).	n-mephe4	113-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
9700759-3	1998	Quantitative binding studies resolved two high-affinity [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding sites in rat brain membranes depleted of mu binding sites by pretreatment with the irreversible agent BIT.	Tritium	57-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
9700759-8	1998	Under these assay conditions, [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the cells expressing the cloned mu receptor is very low and pretreatment of cell membranes with BIT almost completely inhibits [3H]DAMGO and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	31-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
9700759-8	1998	Under these assay conditions, [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the cells expressing the cloned mu receptor is very low and pretreatment of cell membranes with BIT almost completely inhibits [3H]DAMGO and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	d-leu5	42-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
9700759-8	1998	Under these assay conditions, [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the cells expressing the cloned mu receptor is very low and pretreatment of cell membranes with BIT almost completely inhibits [3H]DAMGO and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	199-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
9700759-8	1998	Under these assay conditions, [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the cells expressing the cloned mu receptor is very low and pretreatment of cell membranes with BIT almost completely inhibits [3H]DAMGO and [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding.	Tritium	199-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
9700759-9	1998	Intracerebroventricular administration of antisense DNA to the cloned delta receptor selectively decreased [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the delta ncx-1 site.	Tritium	108-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
9700759-9	1998	Intracerebroventricular administration of antisense DNA to the cloned delta receptor selectively decreased [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin binding to the delta ncx-1 site.	d-leu5	119-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
9434132-2	1997	Expression of this receptor was demonstrated with specific binding of the mu-opioid selective ligand [3H][D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin ([3H]DAMGO).	Tritium	102-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
9434132-2	1997	Expression of this receptor was demonstrated with specific binding of the mu-opioid selective ligand [3H][D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin ([3H]DAMGO).	gly5-ol	122-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
9434132-2	1997	Expression of this receptor was demonstrated with specific binding of the mu-opioid selective ligand [3H][D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin ([3H]DAMGO).	Tritium	144-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
9353363-2	1997	The ligand binding affinities for [3H]naltrindole and [3H]pCl-[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) were similar to those observed in monkey brain membranes.	Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-	89-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
9427505-6	1997	Pre-treatment of rats with thiopental prior to kainic acid prevented seizures, the decline in catecholamines and the elevation of enkephalin and neuropeptide Y mRNAs but not that of chromogranin B.	Thiopental	27-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9334431-5	1997	Intranigral injections of [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a mu opioid receptor agonist, and of bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist, induced Fos in ipsilateral striatum.	n-me-phe4	35-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
9469529-0	1997	Pain-suppressive effects on various nociceptive stimuli (thermal, chemical, electrical and inflammatory) of the first orally active enkephalin-metabolizing enzyme inhibitor RB 120.	RB 120	173-179	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
9469529-1	1997	RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyldithio]-1-oxopr opyl)-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) is a full inhibitor of the enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, which induces strong naloxone-reversible antinociceptive responses after i.v.	RB 101	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
9469529-1	1997	RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyldithio]-1-oxopr opyl)-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) is a full inhibitor of the enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, which induces strong naloxone-reversible antinociceptive responses after i.v.	Naloxone	191-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
9449413-7	1997	Estradiol-induced enkephalin levels were greatly reduced in antisense-treated groups.	Estradiol	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
9376223-1	1997	Maximally effective concentrations of the opioid agonist D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin resulted in some 2-3-fold enhancement of tyrosine phosphorylation of the p52 Shc adapter protein in a clone of Rat-1 fibroblasts transfected to express stably the murine delta opioid receptor.	Tyrosine	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
9367272-1	1997	he effect of intrathecally administered [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) on withdrawal latencies evoked by noxious heat applied to either cervical or lumbar dermatomes was studied in awake rats.	n-me-phe4	48-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
9305540-0	1997	Discrimination of a novel type of rat brain delta opioid receptors by enkephalin analog containing structurally constrained cyclopropylphenylalanine (inverted delta Phe).	cyclopropylphenylalanine	124-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
9305540-0	1997	Discrimination of a novel type of rat brain delta opioid receptors by enkephalin analog containing structurally constrained cyclopropylphenylalanine (inverted delta Phe).	Phenylalanine	165-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
9389377-7	1997	Whole brain membranes were prepared from separate groups of rats for determination of binding parameters of [3H][D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO).	Tritium	109-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
9389377-7	1997	Whole brain membranes were prepared from separate groups of rats for determination of binding parameters of [3H][D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO).	n-me-phe4	121-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
9350624-7	1997	The selective mu- and delta-receptor blockers naloxonazine (10-20 microM) and naltrindole (50-100 microM) antagonized the effects of 5 microM fentanyl and 50 microM Ala-Leu-Enk, respectively.	naloxonazine	46-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
9350624-7	1997	The selective mu- and delta-receptor blockers naloxonazine (10-20 microM) and naltrindole (50-100 microM) antagonized the effects of 5 microM fentanyl and 50 microM Ala-Leu-Enk, respectively.	naltrindole	78-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
9350624-7	1997	The selective mu- and delta-receptor blockers naloxonazine (10-20 microM) and naltrindole (50-100 microM) antagonized the effects of 5 microM fentanyl and 50 microM Ala-Leu-Enk, respectively.	Fentanyl	142-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
9374199-7	1997	In both saline and NTX-treated lactating subjects, ARC mRNA levels of proDYN, POMC and proENK were significantly decreased compared with the saline or NTX-treated post-lactating subjects (P &lt; 0.01).	Sodium Chloride	8-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
9374199-7	1997	In both saline and NTX-treated lactating subjects, ARC mRNA levels of proDYN, POMC and proENK were significantly decreased compared with the saline or NTX-treated post-lactating subjects (P &lt; 0.01).	Naltrexone	19-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-93
9376543-3	1997	Using immunocytochemistry in colchicine-treated rats, we showed that, in the lateral subdivision of the central amygdaloid nucleus and in the dorsal part of the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, a population of GABAergic neurones is able to co-synthesize either corticotropin-releasing factor or methionine-enkephalin, but never both peptides.	Colchicine	29-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	318-328
9376223-5	1997	Half-maximal effects of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin on p52 Shc tyrosine phosphorylation were produced with sub-nanomolar concentrations, in agreement with previous results on the tyrosine phosphorylation of p44MAPK (Burt et al., 1996).	Tyrosine	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
9376223-5	1997	Half-maximal effects of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin on p52 Shc tyrosine phosphorylation were produced with sub-nanomolar concentrations, in agreement with previous results on the tyrosine phosphorylation of p44MAPK (Burt et al., 1996).	Tyrosine	176-184	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
9376223-6	1997	p52 Shc became tyrosine phosphorylated more rapidly than p44MAPK in response to D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and its enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation was maintained for at least 10 min.	Tyrosine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
9256498-5	1997	This study demonstrated that a single systemic injection of kainate produces almost permanent increases in the enkephalin and an activator protein-1 transcription factor, the 35-kDa fos-related antigen, in the rat hippocampus, and it is likely that these two events are closely associated with the molecular mechanisms of induction of long-lasting enhanced seizure susceptibility in the kainate-induced seizure model.	Kainic Acid	60-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
9305540-1	1997	Four different stereoisomers of cyclopropylphenylalanine (inverted delta Phe) were incorporated into [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin at the position 4.	cyclopropylphenylalanine	32-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
9305540-1	1997	Four different stereoisomers of cyclopropylphenylalanine (inverted delta Phe) were incorporated into [D-Ala2,Leu5]enkephalin at the position 4.	delta phe	67-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
9566035-0	1997	Imipramine induces alterations in proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNAs level in the nucleus accumbens and striatum in the rat.	Imipramine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-47
9566035-2	1997	In this study, we evaluated effects of single and repeated imipramine administration on proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expression in the rat nucleus accumbens and striatum.	Imipramine	59-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-101
9262366-7	1997	Additionally, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microg) profoundly potentiated the antinociception induced by [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (0.5, 15 ng) and [D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin (2, 10 microg) in the dose-related manner in the formalin test.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	14-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
9262366-7	1997	Additionally, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (100 microg) profoundly potentiated the antinociception induced by [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (0.5, 15 ng) and [D-Pen(2,5)]enkephalin (2, 10 microg) in the dose-related manner in the formalin test.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	14-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
9221929-0	1997	The effect of cycloheximide on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.	Cycloheximide	14-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-62
9263604-7	1997	Pronounced increases in enkephalin neuropeptide synthesis in immature CA3 neurons may reduce glutamate release presynaptically and also prevent voltage-gated Ca2+ uptake into these neurons despite recurrent seizure activity.	Glutamic Acid	93-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
9262159-7	1997	In contrast to the effects of excitatory amino acid injections, microinjections of the mu-opioid agonist ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin) evoked hypertension and tachycardia at approximately 50% of sites.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	106-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
9307110-5	1997	Two selective mu-agonists, [N-MePhe3, D-Pro4]-morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin, induced dose-dependent inhibition of NMDA EPSCs in a concentration range of 0.3-10 microM.	-ala2	65-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
9307110-5	1997	Two selective mu-agonists, [N-MePhe3, D-Pro4]-morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin, induced dose-dependent inhibition of NMDA EPSCs in a concentration range of 0.3-10 microM.	n-mephe4	72-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
9307110-5	1997	Two selective mu-agonists, [N-MePhe3, D-Pro4]-morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin, induced dose-dependent inhibition of NMDA EPSCs in a concentration range of 0.3-10 microM.	gly-ol5	82-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
9307110-5	1997	Two selective mu-agonists, [N-MePhe3, D-Pro4]-morphiceptin and [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin, induced dose-dependent inhibition of NMDA EPSCs in a concentration range of 0.3-10 microM.	N-Methylaspartate	140-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
9261811-2	1997	Enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons were found to be presynaptic to GABA-immunoreactive postsynaptic profiles, establishing type 2 symmetrical synapses on GABA-positive cell bodies and dendritic shafts in strata radiatum and lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 region.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	66-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9261811-2	1997	Enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons were found to be presynaptic to GABA-immunoreactive postsynaptic profiles, establishing type 2 symmetrical synapses on GABA-positive cell bodies and dendritic shafts in strata radiatum and lacunosum moleculare of the CA1 region.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	153-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9221919-10	1997	In fetal alcohol-exposed (FAE) female rats, the number of cells that expressed PE mRNA did not increase following estrogen treatment at any age.	Alcohols	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-81
9221919-12	1997	Overall, these data indicate that the estrogen responsiveness of PE mRNA expression in the VMN declines with age and, furthermore, prenatal exposure to alcohol blunts estrogen"s effects on PE mRNA expression in the adult VMN.	Alcohols	152-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-67
9221929-0	1997	The effect of cycloheximide on the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin gene expressions induced by kainic acid in rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	108-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-62
9221919-12	1997	Overall, these data indicate that the estrogen responsiveness of PE mRNA expression in the VMN declines with age and, furthermore, prenatal exposure to alcohol blunts estrogen"s effects on PE mRNA expression in the adult VMN.	Alcohols	152-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	189-191
9221929-1	1997	The effect of cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, on the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) and prodynorphin (proDYN) mRNA levels, proto-oncogenes, such as c-fos, 35-kDa fra and c-jun mRNA, and the levels of their products induced by kainic acid (KA) in rat hippocampus was studied.	Cycloheximide	14-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-100
9221929-1	1997	The effect of cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, on the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) and prodynorphin (proDYN) mRNA levels, proto-oncogenes, such as c-fos, 35-kDa fra and c-jun mRNA, and the levels of their products induced by kainic acid (KA) in rat hippocampus was studied.	Cycloheximide	14-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
9221929-1	1997	The effect of cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, on the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) and prodynorphin (proDYN) mRNA levels, proto-oncogenes, such as c-fos, 35-kDa fra and c-jun mRNA, and the levels of their products induced by kainic acid (KA) in rat hippocampus was studied.	Cycloheximide	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-100
9221929-5	1997	The elevations of both proENK and proDYN mRNA levels induced by KA were inhibited by pre-administration of CHX (15 mg/kg i.p.).	Cycloheximide	107-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-29
9221930-1	1997	The present study examined the effects of prolonged L-DOPA treatment (6 months) alone or in combination with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the mesostriatal dopaminergic pathway on substance P and enkephalin mRNA expression in the rat neostriatum.	Oxidopamine	120-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
9221930-6	1997	Topographical analysis revealed that long-term L-DOPA treatment reversed, in fact, both post-lesional enkephalin and substance P responses to 6-hydroxydopamine lesion, in the ventromedial neostriatum, without significantly modified these peptide responses in the dorsolateral neostriatum.	Levodopa	47-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
9237522-3	1997	Five day treatment with 10 microM morphine increased the conversion to Leu-enkephalin-Arg6 by 370%.	Morphine	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
9237274-8	1997	Among the five peptidase inhibitors, actinonin, thiorphan or bestatin alone potentiated the depressant effect of [Met5]enkephalin, whereas arphamenine B and captopril did not.	Thiorphan	48-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
9237274-8	1997	Among the five peptidase inhibitors, actinonin, thiorphan or bestatin alone potentiated the depressant effect of [Met5]enkephalin, whereas arphamenine B and captopril did not.	ubenimex	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
9237274-10	1997	Among the five peptidase inhibitors, actinonin and thiorphan markedly inhibited the [Met5]enkephalin-degrading activity while bestatin was less effective.	Thiorphan	51-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
9237522-8	1997	The opiate-stimulated dynorphin-converting enzyme (DCE)-activity affects the balance between dynorphin peptides (selective for kappa-opioid receptors) and enkephalin peptides (selective for delta-opioid receptors).	Opiate Alkaloids	4-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-165
9227569-3	1997	LE, ME, MEAGL, or MEAP (360 nmol iv) produced an immediate decrease in heart rate, reaching its maximum within 10 s and returning to baseline by 30 s. The blood pressure response for each enkephalin was a small initial decrease followed by a marked and significant increase (P &lt; 0.05 for MEAP).	Tyr-gly-gly-phe-met-arg-gly-leu	8-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
9221949-6	1997	Activation of protein kinases A and C with 8Br.cAMP and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate, respectively, enhanced the PEnk gene expression only during the G1 phase.	8-Bromoadenosine 5'-monophosphate	43-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
9221949-6	1997	Activation of protein kinases A and C with 8Br.cAMP and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate, respectively, enhanced the PEnk gene expression only during the G1 phase.	Cyclic AMP	47-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
9221949-6	1997	Activation of protein kinases A and C with 8Br.cAMP and tetradecanoylphorbolacetate, respectively, enhanced the PEnk gene expression only during the G1 phase.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	56-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
9227569-3	1997	LE, ME, MEAGL, or MEAP (360 nmol iv) produced an immediate decrease in heart rate, reaching its maximum within 10 s and returning to baseline by 30 s. The blood pressure response for each enkephalin was a small initial decrease followed by a marked and significant increase (P &lt; 0.05 for MEAP).	meap	18-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
9227569-3	1997	LE, ME, MEAGL, or MEAP (360 nmol iv) produced an immediate decrease in heart rate, reaching its maximum within 10 s and returning to baseline by 30 s. The blood pressure response for each enkephalin was a small initial decrease followed by a marked and significant increase (P &lt; 0.05 for MEAP).	meap	291-295	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
9195296-0	1997	Central regulation of urine production by a selective mu-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, in rats.	[d-ala2, n-me-phe4	73-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
9175891-4	1997	Met-enkephalin (ENK) suppressed spontaneous and NMDA-induced GABAergic inhibitory PSCs.	N-Methylaspartate	48-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
9175891-4	1997	Met-enkephalin (ENK) suppressed spontaneous and NMDA-induced GABAergic inhibitory PSCs.	N-Methylaspartate	48-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
9175891-6	1997	ENK also suppressed spontaneous and NMDA-induced glutamatergic excitatory PSCs.	N-Methylaspartate	36-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9175891-8	1997	Consistent with the reduction in PSCs, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized the great majority (81%) of non-serotonergic neurons recorded extra- and intracellularly in the DRN; the ENK effect reversed polarity at -99 +/- 9 mV, close to the potassium reversal potential.	Potassium	232-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
9175891-8	1997	Consistent with the reduction in PSCs, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized the great majority (81%) of non-serotonergic neurons recorded extra- and intracellularly in the DRN; the ENK effect reversed polarity at -99 +/- 9 mV, close to the potassium reversal potential.	Potassium	232-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	196-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	196-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	196-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	273-282	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	273-282	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Potassium	273-282	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Serotonin	296-305	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Serotonin	296-305	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9175891-9	1997	In contrast, ENK inhibited/hyperpolarized only 28% of serotonergic neurons; in the affected cells, the ENK effect, blocked by CTOP, had its reversal potential shifted with change of extracellular potassium in agreement with the value predicted by the Nernst equation for a potassium conductance; serotonin occluded the ENK inhibition.	Serotonin	296-305	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9195296-2	1997	In this study, the effect of [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a potent selective mu-opioid agonist, microinjected into the SON of anesthetized hydrated rats, on the urine outflow rate was examined.	n-me-phe4	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9505357-1	1997	Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)-inhibited carboxypeptidase (CP) is recently described exopeptidase, that cleaved arginine residues from C-terminal of enkephalin synthetic analogs.	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	0-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
9160247-5	1997	The rank order potencies of the examined compounds revealed that the opioid component of [3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 recognition site are probably not mu and certainly not kappa 1 sites, whereas these sites are characterized by a kappa 2-like binding profile.	Tritium	90-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	MERF	284-288	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-251
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	MERF	284-288	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	349-359
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	Morphine	361-369	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-251
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	Morphine	361-369	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	349-359
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	Naloxone	374-382	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-251
9160247-7	1997	A number of the heterologous competition curves could be described by a high-affinity stereospecific component and a substantially lower-affinity binding element, which could completely be displaced with several peptide ligands such as Met5-enkephalin, dynorphin(1-13), and unlabeled MERF but not by other compounds such as [D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin, morphine, or naloxone.	Naloxone	374-382	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	349-359
9160247-8	1997	[3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding can also be inhibited by FMRF-amide analogs and sigma receptor ligands, such as (+)N-allyl-normetazocine and haloperidol, although with moderate affinity.	Tritium	1-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
9160247-8	1997	[3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding can also be inhibited by FMRF-amide analogs and sigma receptor ligands, such as (+)N-allyl-normetazocine and haloperidol, although with moderate affinity.	Amides	67-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
9505357-1	1997	Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)-inhibited carboxypeptidase (CP) is recently described exopeptidase, that cleaved arginine residues from C-terminal of enkephalin synthetic analogs.	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	31-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
9160247-8	1997	[3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding can also be inhibited by FMRF-amide analogs and sigma receptor ligands, such as (+)N-allyl-normetazocine and haloperidol, although with moderate affinity.	SK and F 10047	120-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
9505357-1	1997	Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)-inhibited carboxypeptidase (CP) is recently described exopeptidase, that cleaved arginine residues from C-terminal of enkephalin synthetic analogs.	Arginine	118-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
9160247-8	1997	[3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding can also be inhibited by FMRF-amide analogs and sigma receptor ligands, such as (+)N-allyl-normetazocine and haloperidol, although with moderate affinity.	Haloperidol	146-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
9103499-0	1997	Antinociceptive effects of RB101, a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, are enhanced by a cholecystokinin type B receptor antagonist, as revealed by noxiously evoked spinal c-Fos expression in rats.	RB 101	27-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9037496-1	1997	We recently described ultrastructural evidence for morphologically heterogeneous axon terminals containing the endogenous opioid peptide, methionine5-enkephalin (ENK), that formed synapses with neurons containing the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat brain.	Catecholamines	217-230	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-160
9150287-4	1997	(D-Ala2,N-Methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and DYN-(1-17).	n-methyl-phe4	8-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
9150287-4	1997	(D-Ala2,N-Methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and DYN-(1-17).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	43-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
9046008-0	1997	Kainic acid-induced sprouting of dynorphin- and enkephalin-containing mossy fibers in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
9046008-1	1997	This study utilized Timm histochemistry and immunocytochemistry to determine the prolonged effects of kainic acid on the distribution of dynorphin- and enkephalin-containing mossy fibers in the rat dentate gyrus at progressive time points following kainic acid injection.	Kainic Acid	102-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9046008-2	1997	Beginning 1-2 weeks after kainic acid administration, a progressive increase in the distribution and intensity of staining for supragranular zinc, dynorphin and enkephalin was observed in the dentate gyrus.	Kainic Acid	26-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
9046008-3	1997	The kainic acid-induced sprouting of mossy fibers containing dynorphin and enkephalin strongly resembles the pattern observed in the dentate gyrus of humans with temporal lobe epilepsy.	Kainic Acid	4-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
9088567-4	1997	Puromycin-sensitive soluble and membrane-bound aminopeptidase activities decrease in the synaptosomal and mitochondrial fractions at the end of the first month of life, just when enkephalin-like immunoreactivity decreases in the cerebellum.	Puromycin	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	179-189
9037496-1	1997	We recently described ultrastructural evidence for morphologically heterogeneous axon terminals containing the endogenous opioid peptide, methionine5-enkephalin (ENK), that formed synapses with neurons containing the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the rat brain.	Catecholamines	217-230	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
9037496-8	1997	Approximately 38% (n = 76) of the axon terminals containing ENK immunoreactivity (n = 200) also contained GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	106-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9037496-10	1997	Finally, a few ENK-labeled axon terminals (14%; n = 28) formed asymmetric (excitatory-type) synapses with dendrites containing gold-silver labeling for GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	152-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
9032693-4	1997	Methionine enkephalin (ME; 10 microM) inhibited evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) by 57%, non-NMDA excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) by 60%, and NMDA EPSCs by 43% in PAG neurones.	N-Methylaspartate	176-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
9032693-4	1997	Methionine enkephalin (ME; 10 microM) inhibited evoked GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) by 57%, non-NMDA excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) by 60%, and NMDA EPSCs by 43% in PAG neurones.	pag	197-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
8978929-1	1997	Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that specific activation of mu-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic area with [D-Ala2, N Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO) suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion in the ovariectomized rat [29].	[d-ala2, n me-phe4	146-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
9139581-5	1997	The LTD induced by high strength tetanic stimulation was clearly blocked by the opioid antagonist naloxone (1 microM); however, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate (AP5; 50 microM) had no effect on the LTD. Our data suggest that the strong stimulation used for LTD induction may have activated other afferent fiber systems and/or local interneurons in addition to SCC fibers, such as the enkephalin-containing terminals of the perforant path (PP) projecting to the stratum lacunosum moleculare or opioid peptide-containing interneurons.	Naloxone	98-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	436-446
9227847-0	1997	Effect of morphine on proenkephalin gene expression in the rat brain.	Morphine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
9227847-3	1997	Therefore, in situ hybridization with probes directed against intronic sequences to measure the primary transcript of proenkephalin (PPE) mRNA (heteronucleic RNA, hnRNA) in the rat brain following morphine administration was used in this study.	Morphine	197-205	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-131
9395259-0	1997	Interaction mechanisms of imipramine and desipramine with enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases in vitro.	Imipramine	26-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9097028-1	1997	We examined the effects of diminished serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels on the postnatal development of striatal tachykinin and enkephalin neuropeptide systems.	Serotonin	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
8987732-2	1997	Therefore, we investigated the effects of the selective mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) on membrane properties of rat NAcc neurons and on events mediated by NMDA and non-NMDA glutamate receptors, using intracellular recording in a brain slice preparation.	[d-ala2-n-me-phe4	83-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
9395259-0	1997	Interaction mechanisms of imipramine and desipramine with enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases in vitro.	Desipramine	41-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9395259-3	1997	In this sense, imipramine treatment in vivo increases the enkephalin levels, and this effect is enhanced by inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.	Imipramine	15-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
9395259-3	1997	In this sense, imipramine treatment in vivo increases the enkephalin levels, and this effect is enhanced by inhibitors of enkephalin-degrading enzymes.	Imipramine	15-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
9395259-4	1997	The present work shows the effects in vitro of imipramine and its active metabolite desipramine on the activities of two membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases present in rat brain.	Imipramine	47-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
9395259-4	1997	The present work shows the effects in vitro of imipramine and its active metabolite desipramine on the activities of two membrane-bound enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases present in rat brain.	Desipramine	84-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
9437722-0	1997	Binding of [3H][D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol5] enkephalin, [3H][D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin, and [3H]U-69,593 to airway and pulmonary tissues of normal and sensitized rats.	Tritium	12-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
9244374-0	1997	delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol increases prodynorphin and proenkephalin gene expression in the spinal cord of the rat.	Dronabinol	0-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-69
9244374-2	1997	The effect of five days treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was examined on prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the spinal cord of male rats.	Dronabinol	39-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-127
9244374-2	1997	The effect of five days treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was examined on prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the spinal cord of male rats.	Dronabinol	39-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
9244374-2	1997	The effect of five days treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was examined on prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the spinal cord of male rats.	Dronabinol	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-127
9244374-2	1997	The effect of five days treatment with delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was examined on prodynorphin (PDYN) and proenkephalin (PENK) gene expression in the spinal cord of male rats.	Dronabinol	69-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
8946057-8	1996	These results indicate a role for preganglionic fibres in the developmental regulation of ENK in the chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	101-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9596974-9	1997	The content of Leu-ENK in muscle tissue decreased.	Leucine	15-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
8938736-7	1996	Oxygen interruption during application of either baclofen (n = 6) or (D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe,Gly-ol)enkephalin (n = 4) blocked the depressant action of both drugs on the field inhibitory postsynaptic potential.	Oxygen	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
8938736-7	1996	Oxygen interruption during application of either baclofen (n = 6) or (D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe,Gly-ol)enkephalin (n = 4) blocked the depressant action of both drugs on the field inhibitory postsynaptic potential.	(d-ala2-n-me-phe	69-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
9037536-8	1996	This result is of major interest in comparison with our previous finding that NMDA receptor activation is necessary to maintain the up-regulation of enkephalin expression in the striatum after dopamine lesion.	Dopamine	193-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
8931456-0	1996	AP-1-related proteins bind to the enkephalin CRE-2 element in adrenal chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	70-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8938629-4	1996	In adult male rats with cholestasis due to BDR, the concentrations of three proenkephalin-derived opioid peptides were increased.	bis-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl rhodamine	43-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-89
8947949-1	1996	Previous results have shown that treatment of rats with morphine during the neonatal period can influence development of peptide transport system-1 (PTS-1), the blood-brain barrier transport system for Tyr-MIF-1 and methionine enkephalin.	Morphine	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
8930337-6	1996	The effect of met-enk was blocked by the selective delta-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (500 nM).	naltrindole	84-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
8947492-3	1996	With membranes from both clones, the opioid agonist [D-Ala2]leucine enkephalin (DADLE) caused stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity and of the binding of guanosine 5"-[gamma-[35S]thio]triphosphate, and inhibition of forskolin-amplified adenylate cyclase activity.	guanosine 5"-[gamma-[35s]thio]triphosphate	161-203	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8947492-3	1996	With membranes from both clones, the opioid agonist [D-Ala2]leucine enkephalin (DADLE) caused stimulation of high-affinity GTPase activity and of the binding of guanosine 5"-[gamma-[35S]thio]triphosphate, and inhibition of forskolin-amplified adenylate cyclase activity.	Colforsin	223-232	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8958779-3	1996	Daily injection of alpha-FMH (20 mg/kg, s.c.) in pups of either sex, from birth until 10 days of age, caused a significant increase in baseline plasma GH and potentiated the GH response to the [Met5]-enkephalin analog FK 33-824 (1 mg/kg, s.c.) administered 3 h after the last alpha-FMH injection.	alpha-fluoromethylhistidine	19-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
8930296-11	1996	Although naloxone applied iontophoretically blocked or reduced the peak inhibitory effect of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) or trans-(+/-)-3,4-dicholoro-N-methyl-N-(2-1-pyrrolidinyl-cyclo hexyl)-benzene acetamide (U50, 488H), it did not produce a significant alteration in the peak inhibitory effect of nociceptin.	Naloxone	9-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
8930296-11	1996	Although naloxone applied iontophoretically blocked or reduced the peak inhibitory effect of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO) or trans-(+/-)-3,4-dicholoro-N-methyl-N-(2-1-pyrrolidinyl-cyclo hexyl)-benzene acetamide (U50, 488H), it did not produce a significant alteration in the peak inhibitory effect of nociceptin.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	93-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
8896810-1	1996	Effect of a mu-opioid agonist (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin, DAGO), on glycine (Gly)-induced chloride current (IGly) was investigated in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons acutely dissociated 1-2-week-old Wistar rats by the use of nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration under voltage-clamp condition.	Glycine	77-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8863841-4	1996	GH3MOR cells, further transfected with mouse delta receptor cDNA (termed GH3MORDOR cells), bound both [D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE).	[d-ala2,n-mephe4,	102-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8923515-1	1996	The regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA levels by cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways was studied in cultured rat spinal cord cells in the present study.	Cyclic AMP	56-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
8923515-1	1996	The regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA levels by cAMP and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways was studied in cultured rat spinal cord cells in the present study.	Cyclic AMP	56-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
8923515-4	1996	The proENK mRNA level began to increase within an hour, then reached and remained at a peak 3-12 h after stimulation by both forskolin and PMA.	Colforsin	125-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
8923515-4	1996	The proENK mRNA level began to increase within an hour, then reached and remained at a peak 3-12 h after stimulation by both forskolin and PMA.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	139-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
8923515-5	1996	The increased proENK mRNA level in forskolin-treated cells was slightly decreased 24 h after the stimulation, whereas the level of proENK mRNA returned to basal levels in PMA-treated cells.	Colforsin	35-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
8923515-5	1996	The increased proENK mRNA level in forskolin-treated cells was slightly decreased 24 h after the stimulation, whereas the level of proENK mRNA returned to basal levels in PMA-treated cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	171-174	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
8923515-10	1996	Our results suggest that the elevation of proENK mRNA levels in the spinal cord is regulated by both cAMP and PKC pathways.	Cyclic AMP	101-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
8923515-11	1996	Calcium influx through both L- and N-type calcium channels, calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II appear to be involved in the increase of proENK mRNA levels induced by either forskolin or PMA.	Calcium	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
8923515-11	1996	Calcium influx through both L- and N-type calcium channels, calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II appear to be involved in the increase of proENK mRNA levels induced by either forskolin or PMA.	Colforsin	197-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
8923515-11	1996	Calcium influx through both L- and N-type calcium channels, calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II appear to be involved in the increase of proENK mRNA levels induced by either forskolin or PMA.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	210-213	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
8872371-2	1996	The dual inhibitor of enkephalin degrading enzymes, RB 101, is able to block endogenous enkephalin metabolism completely, leading to potent antinociceptive responses potentiated by blockade of CCKB receptors.	RB 101	52-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8899738-8	1996	In addition, antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin, but not to [Met5]enkephalin, also blocked the antiallodynic action of thiorphan plus L365,260.	Thiorphan	113-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8899738-8	1996	In addition, antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin, but not to [Met5]enkephalin, also blocked the antiallodynic action of thiorphan plus L365,260.	3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)propionic acid	128-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8899738-9	1996	These data suggest that blockade of CCKB receptors may enhance the actions or availability of endogenous [Leu5]enkephalin or a like substance which can elicit a significant antiallodynic action via opioid delta receptors when its degradation is by inhibited by thiorphan.	Thiorphan	261-270	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
8872371-2	1996	The dual inhibitor of enkephalin degrading enzymes, RB 101, is able to block endogenous enkephalin metabolism completely, leading to potent antinociceptive responses potentiated by blockade of CCKB receptors.	RB 101	52-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
8752139-0	1996	The dual peptidase inhibitor RB101 induces a long-lasting increase in the extracellular level of Met-enkephalin-like material in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.	RB 101	29-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
8752139-4	1996	Perfusion of KCI (100 mM) produced a 17-fold increase in the level of Met-enkephalin-like material in this structure.	kci	13-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
8752139-6	1996	Intraperitoneal injection of RB101 induced a dose-dependent and long-lasting (210-min) increase in the extracellular levels of Met-enkephalin-like material.	RB 101	29-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
8883887-0	1996	Effect of low and high doses of nitrous oxide on preproenkephalin mRNA and its peptide methionine enkephalin levels in the hypothalamus.	Nitrous Oxide	32-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8890319-5	1996	Administration of [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin, a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, reduced the NMDA-evoked responses in 77% of trigeminothalamic neurons.	n-me-phe4	27-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
8890319-5	1996	Administration of [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin, a selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, reduced the NMDA-evoked responses in 77% of trigeminothalamic neurons.	N-Methylaspartate	110-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
8890319-6	1996	[D-Pen2,5]-Enkephalin, a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist, produced inhibition of NMDA-evoked responses in 36% of neurons.	N-Methylaspartate	89-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-56
8883854-5	1996	Haloperidol increased most oral behaviors including licking, chewing and biting as well as striatal enkephalin and somatostatin levels.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
8883854-8	1996	Neither DA agonist alone, nor their combination, reduced the haloperidol-induced increase in enkephalin levels.	Haloperidol	61-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
8843088-1	1996	The expression of enkephalin in neurons of the rat forebrain was studied by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry after unilateral injections of ibotenic acid into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.	Ibotenic Acid	154-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8843088-2	1996	Initially, we observed that the destruction of nerve cell bodies in this nucleus resulted in a prominent bilateral increase in the number of neuronal perikarya immunoreactive for [Met]enkephalin in the lateral/basolateral amygdaloid complex-especially in the anterior division of the latter nucleus-as compared with NaCl-injected rats.	Sodium Chloride	316-320	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
8883887-7	1996	Similarly, the concentration of methionine enkephalin was significantly higher after 24 and 48 h of exposure of N2O than after exposure to 12 h of N2O or air.	Nitrous Oxide	112-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
8883887-7	1996	Similarly, the concentration of methionine enkephalin was significantly higher after 24 and 48 h of exposure of N2O than after exposure to 12 h of N2O or air.	Nitrous Oxide	147-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
8883887-8	1996	These results indicate that (a) exposure to N2O results in significant elevations in preproenkephalin mRNA levels, (b) the increased preproenkephalin mRNA levels appear to be proportional to the concentration of N2O exposure as well as the duration of N2O exposure, and (c) N2O-induced elevation in preproenkephalin mRNA levels is associated with corresponding increase in tissue concentrations of methionine enkephalin.	Nitrous Oxide	44-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8883887-8	1996	These results indicate that (a) exposure to N2O results in significant elevations in preproenkephalin mRNA levels, (b) the increased preproenkephalin mRNA levels appear to be proportional to the concentration of N2O exposure as well as the duration of N2O exposure, and (c) N2O-induced elevation in preproenkephalin mRNA levels is associated with corresponding increase in tissue concentrations of methionine enkephalin.	Nitrous Oxide	212-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8883887-8	1996	These results indicate that (a) exposure to N2O results in significant elevations in preproenkephalin mRNA levels, (b) the increased preproenkephalin mRNA levels appear to be proportional to the concentration of N2O exposure as well as the duration of N2O exposure, and (c) N2O-induced elevation in preproenkephalin mRNA levels is associated with corresponding increase in tissue concentrations of methionine enkephalin.	Nitrous Oxide	212-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8883887-8	1996	These results indicate that (a) exposure to N2O results in significant elevations in preproenkephalin mRNA levels, (b) the increased preproenkephalin mRNA levels appear to be proportional to the concentration of N2O exposure as well as the duration of N2O exposure, and (c) N2O-induced elevation in preproenkephalin mRNA levels is associated with corresponding increase in tissue concentrations of methionine enkephalin.	Nitrous Oxide	212-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8883887-9	1996	In total, these results suggest that N2O selectively stimulates synthesis of methionine enkephalin in the diencephalic region of the brain.	Nitrous Oxide	37-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
8883890-0	1996	Dexamethasone and forskolin synergistically increase [Met5]enkephalin accumulation in mixed brain cell cultures.	Dexamethasone	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
8883890-0	1996	Dexamethasone and forskolin synergistically increase [Met5]enkephalin accumulation in mixed brain cell cultures.	Colforsin	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
8889834-0	1996	Reversible affinity labeling of opioid receptors via disulfide bonding: discriminative labeling of mu and delta subtypes by chemically activated thiol-containing enkephalin analogs.	Disulfides	53-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
8921265-1	1996	This study compared the effects of unilateral and bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons on substance P and enkephalin expression in the rat striatum and its main target structures by means of quantitative in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.	Oxidopamine	60-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
8889834-0	1996	Reversible affinity labeling of opioid receptors via disulfide bonding: discriminative labeling of mu and delta subtypes by chemically activated thiol-containing enkephalin analogs.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	145-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
8889834-7	1996	When enkephalin-bound rat membranes were treated with dithiothreitol, the loss of receptors was reversed, depending upon the concentration of and incubation time with dithiothreitol.	Dithiothreitol	54-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8889834-7	1996	When enkephalin-bound rat membranes were treated with dithiothreitol, the loss of receptors was reversed, depending upon the concentration of and incubation time with dithiothreitol.	Dithiothreitol	167-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8799893-15	1996	The mu-opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM) which inhibits GABA release from interneurons, prevented the occurrence of both GABA-mediated synchronous potentials and subsequent ictal discharges (n = 6) as well as the [K+]o elevations.	n-me-phe4	39-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8836576-4	1996	Morphine and D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) had a comparable inhibitory potency with a maximal effect at 1 mM concentration, while both naltrexone and naltrindole antagonized their effect at only 10 nM.	Naltrexone	138-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8836576-4	1996	Morphine and D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) had a comparable inhibitory potency with a maximal effect at 1 mM concentration, while both naltrexone and naltrindole antagonized their effect at only 10 nM.	naltrindole	153-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8836576-5	1996	D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO) showed only a transient inhibitory effect.	d-ala2-mephe4	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8841942-5	1996	[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), a specific delta-agonist, had no inhibition on the binding of [3H]U69593, but displaced the binding of [3H]bremazocine at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-6)M).	Tritium	139-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
8841942-5	1996	[D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE), a specific delta-agonist, had no inhibition on the binding of [3H]U69593, but displaced the binding of [3H]bremazocine at higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-6)M).	bremazocine	142-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
8841942-9	1996	Met5-Enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, a specific kappa 2 ligand, displaced the binding of [3H]bremazocine much more readily than the binding of [3H]U69593.	Tritium	80-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8841942-9	1996	Met5-Enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, a specific kappa 2 ligand, displaced the binding of [3H]bremazocine much more readily than the binding of [3H]U69593.	bremazocine	83-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8799893-15	1996	The mu-opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM) which inhibits GABA release from interneurons, prevented the occurrence of both GABA-mediated synchronous potentials and subsequent ictal discharges (n = 6) as well as the [K+]o elevations.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	167-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8784263-5	1996	In the present study we demonstrate that: (i) promoter usage and splicing of PENK mRNA function similarly in mesenteric lymph nodes as in neural cells; (2) PENK expression in mesenteric lymph nodes is modulated by adrenaline via adrenergic receptors; and (3) the adrenergic system participates in the modulation of the LPS induced PENK mRNA expression.	Epinephrine	214-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
8784263-5	1996	In the present study we demonstrate that: (i) promoter usage and splicing of PENK mRNA function similarly in mesenteric lymph nodes as in neural cells; (2) PENK expression in mesenteric lymph nodes is modulated by adrenaline via adrenergic receptors; and (3) the adrenergic system participates in the modulation of the LPS induced PENK mRNA expression.	Epinephrine	214-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
8784263-5	1996	In the present study we demonstrate that: (i) promoter usage and splicing of PENK mRNA function similarly in mesenteric lymph nodes as in neural cells; (2) PENK expression in mesenteric lymph nodes is modulated by adrenaline via adrenergic receptors; and (3) the adrenergic system participates in the modulation of the LPS induced PENK mRNA expression.	Epinephrine	214-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
8799893-15	1996	The mu-opioid receptor agonist (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM) which inhibits GABA release from interneurons, prevented the occurrence of both GABA-mediated synchronous potentials and subsequent ictal discharges (n = 6) as well as the [K+]o elevations.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	102-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8811420-4	1996	Double labeling experiments showed that nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity coexists with substance P-like immunoreactivity in the medial preoptic area, with oxytocin-, cholecystokinin-and galanin message-associated peptide-like immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus, with enkephalin, oxytocin- and corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus and with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus.	nitric	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	286-296
8811448-1	1996	A novel capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) assay method was developed to evaluate the systemic disposition of [D-pen2,5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in rats.	Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-	134-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
8811420-4	1996	Double labeling experiments showed that nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity coexists with substance P-like immunoreactivity in the medial preoptic area, with oxytocin-, cholecystokinin-and galanin message-associated peptide-like immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus, with enkephalin, oxytocin- and corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular nucleus and with enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the arcuate nucleus.	nitric	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	405-415
8793092-4	1996	Relative to CHO, ad libitum intake of Fat/Sucrose elevated proDynorphin mRNA levels in the arcuate and Dynorphin A1-17 levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect arcuate mRNA levels of proEnkephalin or proOpiomelanocortin (POMC), or PVN levels of Met-Enkephalin or beta-Endorphin.	Sucrose	42-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	220-233
8793890-5	1996	administration of the mu-selective peptide [D-Ala2-NMe-Phe4-Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) elicited a marked rise in GH secretion, while administration of the delta-agonists [D-pen2D-pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE) or deltorphin II caused only a minor and non-dose-related rise in GH secretion in neonatal rats.	deltorphin II, Ala(2)-	207-220	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8667193-7	1996	Kd values for 3H-[D-Ala2,N-mephe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin were unchanged from controls.	3h-[d-ala2,	14-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
8813578-3	1996	15 min before the session) had no effect on alcohol drinking, while it attenuated the delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin-induced locomotor stimulation.	d-pen2	117-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
8793092-6	1996	Pair-feeding Fat/Sucrose reduced mRNA levels of proDynorpin, proEnkephalin and POMC, and Dynorphin A1-17 levels, relative to ad libitum feeding of Fat/Sucrose.	Sucrose	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-74
8813578-3	1996	15 min before the session) had no effect on alcohol drinking, while it attenuated the delta-opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin-induced locomotor stimulation.	d-pen5	125-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
8793092-8	1996	Feeding Fat/Sucrose at 60% of ad libitum intake resulted in mRNA levels of proDynorphin, proEnkephalin and POMC, and Dynorphin A1-17 levels that were similar to those observed in CHO group.	Sucrose	12-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-102
8780011-5	1996	Noradrenaline enhanced the levels of proenkephalin mRNA in a concentration-dependent manner.	Norepinephrine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-50
8780011-0	1996	Noradrenaline increases the expression of the proenkephalin gene in cultured astroglial cells by acting on beta 1- and alpha 1-adrenoceptors.	Norepinephrine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-59
8743739-0	1996	Chronic dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) treatment suppresses the effects of nigrostriatal dopamine deafferentation on enkephalin but not on substance P expression in the rat striatum.	Dizocilpine Maleate	8-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
8743739-0	1996	Chronic dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) treatment suppresses the effects of nigrostriatal dopamine deafferentation on enkephalin but not on substance P expression in the rat striatum.	Dizocilpine Maleate	29-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
8743739-0	1996	Chronic dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) treatment suppresses the effects of nigrostriatal dopamine deafferentation on enkephalin but not on substance P expression in the rat striatum.	Dopamine	87-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
8743739-7	1996	The same chronic treatment with dizocilpine maleate started 12 days after the 6-hydroxydopamine injection suppressed the lesion-induced up-regulation of enkephalin expression without significantly affecting the down-regulation of substance P expression.	Dizocilpine Maleate	32-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
8743739-7	1996	The same chronic treatment with dizocilpine maleate started 12 days after the 6-hydroxydopamine injection suppressed the lesion-induced up-regulation of enkephalin expression without significantly affecting the down-regulation of substance P expression.	Oxidopamine	78-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
8780011-3	1996	Transcription of the proenkephalin gene is increased via protein kinase A upon stimulation with cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogues.	Cyclic AMP	96-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-34
8780011-3	1996	Transcription of the proenkephalin gene is increased via protein kinase A upon stimulation with cyclic AMP (cAMP) analogues.	Cyclic AMP	108-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-34
8780011-9	1996	However, concentrations of noradrenaline that produced a maximal increase in cAMP caused only submaximal elevations of proenkephalin mRNA.	Norepinephrine	27-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-132
8780011-4	1996	In the present study, how noradrenaline affected the expression of the proenkephalin gene in both cell types was investigated.	Norepinephrine	26-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-84
8780011-10	1996	This discrepancy was explained by the finding that noradrenaline increased the expression of the proenkephalin gene also via alpha 1-adrenoceptors.	Norepinephrine	51-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-110
8963340-1	1996	Administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril inhibited the activity of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), increased leukin-enkephalin level in the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis.	Captopril	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
8627559-6	1996	Additionally, antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin also resulted in a significant increase in formalin-induced flinching, whereas antisera to [Met5]enkephalin had no effect.	Formaldehyde	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
8627559-6	1996	Additionally, antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin also resulted in a significant increase in formalin-induced flinching, whereas antisera to [Met5]enkephalin had no effect.	Formaldehyde	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
8627559-7	1996	On the basis of significant increases in formalin-induced flinching produced by 1) receptor-selective doses of delta and kappa, but not mu, opioid antagonists and 2) antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin A, but not [Met5]enkephalin, these data suggest the presence of an opioid inhibitory tone which acts to limit the intensity of the pain signal.	Formaldehyde	41-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
8627559-7	1996	On the basis of significant increases in formalin-induced flinching produced by 1) receptor-selective doses of delta and kappa, but not mu, opioid antagonists and 2) antisera to [Leu5]enkephalin and dynorphin A, but not [Met5]enkephalin, these data suggest the presence of an opioid inhibitory tone which acts to limit the intensity of the pain signal.	Formaldehyde	41-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
8738153-0	1996	Partial striatal dopamine depletion differentially affects striatal substance P and enkephalin messenger RNA expression.	Dopamine	17-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
8738153-1	1996	Near total striatal dopamine denervation results in a decrease in substance P and an increase in enkephalin messenger RNA expression in the striatum.	Dopamine	20-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
8738153-8	1996	In contrast, a significant increase in enkephalin messenger RNA was not detected until striatal dopamine was reduced to 10% of control levels.	Dopamine	96-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
8738153-9	1996	These results suggest that compensations within the residual dopamine system are not sufficient to maintain normal striatal substance P messenger RNA levels in partially denervated animals, but are sufficient to maintain normal striatal enkephalin messenger RNA expression.	Dopamine	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
9081623-0	1996	Morphological changes in met(5)-enkephalin-immunoreactive synaptic boutons in the rat neostriatum after haloperidol decanoate treatment.	haloperidol decanoate	104-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
9081623-6	1996	The morphological parameters indicate that methionine(5)-enkephalin-immunoreactive boutons become enlarged, probably by elongating.	Methionine	43-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
8622133-2	1996	Because the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), prodynorphin (PDYN), and proenkephalin (PENK) genes contain cAMP response elements that control their expression in their promoters, we used histochemical methods to determine whether ovarian steroids alter expression of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the AVPV.	Cyclic AMP	99-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-77
8622133-2	1996	Because the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), prodynorphin (PDYN), and proenkephalin (PENK) genes contain cAMP response elements that control their expression in their promoters, we used histochemical methods to determine whether ovarian steroids alter expression of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the AVPV.	Cyclic AMP	99-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
8622133-7	1996	Double-labeling experiments showed that pCREB was colocalized with PDYN, PENK, or TH mRNA in the AVPV, suggesting that pCREB may mediate the effect of steroid hormones on gene expression in these neurons.	Steroids	151-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-77
8937625-9	1996	KT-95, KT-90 and morphine were examined for their potencies in displacing the specific binding of [3H]naloxone (mu-selective ligand), [3H]U69593 (kappa-selective ligand), and [3H]D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (delta-selective ligand) to synaptosomal fractions from rat brain.	Morphine	17-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
8964897-1	1996	The effect of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) on primary humoral immune response was investigated following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.)	Leucine	34-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
8964897-6	1996	treatment of rats with delta opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174,864 and kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) blocked stimulation and suppression of PFC response induced by Leu-Enk, respectively.	norbinaltorphimine	105-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
8964897-6	1996	treatment of rats with delta opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174,864 and kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) blocked stimulation and suppression of PFC response induced by Leu-Enk, respectively.	norbinaltorphimine	126-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
8964897-6	1996	treatment of rats with delta opioid receptor antagonist ICI 174,864 and kappa opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) blocked stimulation and suppression of PFC response induced by Leu-Enk, respectively.	Leucine	198-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
8964897-7	1996	The mu opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) reversed both immunomodulatory effects produced by Leu-Enk.	beta-funaltrexamine	34-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
8964897-7	1996	The mu opioid receptor antagonist beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) reversed both immunomodulatory effects produced by Leu-Enk.	beta-funaltrexamine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
8965640-6	1996	Ibotenic acid lesions further determined that the source of the m-Enk projection was the VMHvl with a possible additional contribution from the MTA.	Ibotenic Acid	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8717351-6	1996	Activation of protein kinase C with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (1 mumol/l) caused a strong increase in the number of neurones expressing proenkephalin mRNA.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	36-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-152
9053798-1	1996	Norepinephrine-containing fibres in the medial prefrontal cortex derive from the locus coeruleus, a brainstem nucleus which also receives a dense innervation of enkephalin-immunoreactive axon terminals.	Norepinephrine	0-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
8851182-3	1996	In the nucleus accumbens chronic cocaine led to an increase in both the number of mu-opioid receptors and the maximal inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity by DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Glyol]enkephalin).	Cocaine	33-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
8848175-6	1996	Electrophoretic application of a mu-selective agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin, had mixed effects on cell activity.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	55-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
8848175-8	1996	The [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-evoked inhibitory responses were antagonized by electrophoresis of naloxone (86%).	n-me-phe4	12-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8848175-8	1996	The [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-evoked inhibitory responses were antagonized by electrophoresis of naloxone (86%).	gly-ol5	22-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8848175-8	1996	The [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin-evoked inhibitory responses were antagonized by electrophoresis of naloxone (86%).	Naloxone	108-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8832917-0	1996	Ketorolac causes the release of methionine-enkephalin in rats.	Ketorolac	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
8832917-5	1996	The present experiments demonstrate that the analgesia produced by ketorolac may be caused by the release of the endogenous opioid, methionine-enkephalin.	Ketorolac	67-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
8821137-5	1996	In 44% of these baclofen-sensitive neurones, the opioid agonist methionine enkephalin (30 microM) also produced an outward current or hyperpolarization.	Baclofen	16-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8851165-0	1996	Subchronic haloperidol administration decreases aminopeptidase N activity and [Met5]enkephalin metabolism in rat striatum and cortex.	Haloperidol	11-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
8851165-2	1996	administration of haloperidol decreases the degradation of [Met5]enkephalin by regional brain slices (Waters et al., 1995, J. Pharmacol.	Haloperidol	18-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
8851165-10	1996	These data suggest that the haloperidol-induced decrease in [Met5]enkephalin metabolism results, at least in part, from a reduction in the activity of aminopeptidase N.	Haloperidol	28-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
8531101-6	1995	In contrast, [D-Ala2, NMPhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO), a high-efficacy mu opioid agonist, produced a significant, dose-related antiallodynic action.	nmphe4	22-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
8551774-1	1996	To test the hypothesis that a delta opioid, DADLE ([D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin), could protect tissue from ischemic damage during hypothermic lung preservation, we studied three groups of rats.	delta opioid	30-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8530363-1	1995	Using CHO cells stably transfected with rat mu-opioid receptor cDNA, we show that the mu-agonists morphine and [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin are negatively coupled to adenylylcyclase and inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	[d-ala2,n-methyl-phe4	111-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
8530363-1	1995	Using CHO cells stably transfected with rat mu-opioid receptor cDNA, we show that the mu-agonists morphine and [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin are negatively coupled to adenylylcyclase and inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	Colforsin	206-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
8530363-1	1995	Using CHO cells stably transfected with rat mu-opioid receptor cDNA, we show that the mu-agonists morphine and [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin are negatively coupled to adenylylcyclase and inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	Cyclic AMP	227-231	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
8530363-3	1995	Withdrawal of morphine or [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin following chronic treatment (by wash or addition of the antagonist naloxone) leads to an immediate increase in cyclase activity (supersensitization or overshoot), which is gradually reversed upon further incubation with naloxone.	Naloxone	134-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8530363-3	1995	Withdrawal of morphine or [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin following chronic treatment (by wash or addition of the antagonist naloxone) leads to an immediate increase in cyclase activity (supersensitization or overshoot), which is gradually reversed upon further incubation with naloxone.	Naloxone	287-295	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8998398-0	1995	Adaptive changes in the proenkephalin and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA expression after chronic cocaine in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat.	Cocaine	93-100	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-37
8998398-1	1995	The effects of single and repeated cocaine administration on proenkephalin (PENK) and D2 dopamine receptor mRNA expression in the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat were studied.	Cocaine	35-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-74
8998398-2	1995	Acute cocaine administration increased PENK expression of mRNA in the striatum and decreased it in both those structures after 24 and 48 h. D2 receptor expression of mRNA fell after 3 h, returned to the control value after 24 h and rose after 48 h in both those brain regions following single cocaine injection.	Cocaine	6-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
8998398-3	1995	Repeated cocaine increased PENK expression of mRNA after 3 h, but after 24 and 48 h depletion of mRNA expression was observed.	Cocaine	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
8998398-5	1995	The obtained results suggest that in the nucleus accumbens and striatum there is an opposite regulation between PENK and D2 receptor gene expression a short time after single and chronic cocaine administration.	Cocaine	187-194	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
8998398-6	1995	Hence, these data provide further evidence for the significance of the PENK and dopamine systems in the neurochemical mechanism of cocaine.	Cocaine	131-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
8628109-0	1996	Changes in methionine-enkephalin levels in specific rat brain regions following repeated treatment with selective dopaminergic agonists and antagonists.	Methionine	11-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrzolo(3,4-g)quinoline	34-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrzolo(3,4-g)quinoline	34-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrzolo(3,4-g)quinoline	34-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	316-319
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	Sulpiride	47-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	Nomifensine	182-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
8628109-8	1996	On the other hand, treatment with LY 171555 or (-)-sulpiride, but not their combination, markedly increased Met-ENK levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with nomifensine increased Met-Enk levels in all brain regions investigated, whereas, treatment with selegiline significantly elevated Met-Enk in HYPO, HIPP and MID but not in CTX.	Nomifensine	182-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	316-319
8847409-6	1995	More rostrally, in the region of catecholamine-immunoreactive extranuclear dendrites, ENK-immunoreactive varicose processes were interdigitated with TH-labeled processes.	Catecholamines	33-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
8847409-12	1995	These results provide the first direct ultrastructural evidence that morphologically heterogeneous terminals containing ENK immunoreactivity form synapses with catecholamine dendrites within the LC.	Catecholamines	160-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
8531129-6	1995	Moreover, pretreatment of olfactory bulb membranes with the nonequilibrium antagonist naltrindole 5"-isothiocyanate, which irreversibly blocks the delta 2 subtype, reduced the stimulatory effects of both DELT and DPDPE, whereas pretreatment with [D-Ala2, Leu5, Cys6]enkephalin, which binds covalently to delta 1 receptors, failed to affect the response to the agonists.	naltrindole 5'-isothiocyanate	86-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	266-276
8750096-4	1995	Measurements of the amounts of neuropeptides in the dialysates obtained from studies of KCl-stimulated release showed that [Met]5-enkephalin from the globus pallidus/ventral pallidum region was present at a level of approximately 4-6 fmol/10 microliters of dialysate and neurotensin from the hypothalamus of approximately 500 amol in 10 microliters of dialysate.	Potassium Chloride	88-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
8869164-0	1995	N-methyl-D-aspartate acutely increases proenkephalin mRNA in the rat striatum.	N-Methylaspartate	0-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-52
8593735-4	1995	Leu-enkephalin level in myocardium of rats with AMI and VF has been found to be significantly lower than in animals with AMI but without VF.	amicoumacin A	48-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8830303-0	1995	Calcium influx in rat thalamic relay neurons through voltage-dependent calcium channels is inhibited by enkephalin.	Calcium	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
8750096-1	1995	The specific molecular detection of the endogenous neuropeptides methionine ([Met]5) enkephalin and neurotensin released in vivo in rat brain has been accomplished using microdialysis and mass spectrometry.	Methionine	65-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
7589327-3	1995	The present studies employed experimental techniques to remove afferent axons or classes of projection neurons from rat ACC area 24 followed by coverslip autoradiography to localize changes in binding of [3H]Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly-ol (DAMGO) to mu receptors and 2-[3H]D-penicillamine-5-D-penicillamine-enkephalin (DPDPE) to delta receptors.	Tritium	205-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	303-313
8593578-4	1995	Only increases in glucose utilization were produced by D-Ala2; MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin in brain regions involved in motor control, including the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, the nucleus ruber and the cerebellum, and brain regions involved in visual processing--the visual cortex and superior colliculus deep layer.	Glucose	18-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
8593578-4	1995	Only increases in glucose utilization were produced by D-Ala2; MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin in brain regions involved in motor control, including the globus pallidus, the substantia nigra, pars reticulata, the nucleus ruber and the cerebellum, and brain regions involved in visual processing--the visual cortex and superior colliculus deep layer.	mephe4	63-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
8787040-2	1995	Haloperidol increased the Met-enk level in the striatum at all age groups.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
8787040-3	1995	However, the Met-enk level was decreased in AL of young and middle-aged rats by the drug.	Aluminum	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
8787040-9	1995	With regard to the effect of aging, Met-enk level in AL of middle-aged rats was higher than that in young rats.	Aluminum	53-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
8787040-14	1995	In addition, aging caused a blunted response of Met-enk level to haloperidol in the striatum but an increased response of SP content to haloperidol in the NIL.	Haloperidol	65-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8588831-1	1995	Previous immunocytochemical studies in rats have indicated that striatal dopamine depletion leads to an increase in enkephalin-immunoreactivity and a decrease in substance P-immunoreactivity in the striatum.	Dopamine	73-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	0-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-95
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	0-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-180
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	31-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-95
8588831-8	1995	Therefore, the results of the present study indicate that in marmosets dopamine has a inhibiting effect on the levels of striatal enkephalin, while its effect on substance P (SP) appears to be absent.	Dopamine	71-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	31-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-180
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	196-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-95
7498306-3	1995	Following chronic morphine treatment this adaptive increase of acetylcholine release was associated with a slight but long-lasting decrease of the (delta-opioid receptor-mediated) maximal inhibitory effect of [Met5]enkephalin, whereas upon intermittent drug treatment delta-opioid receptor desensitization was observed 1 day after opiate withdrawal only.	Morphine	18-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	215-225
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	196-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-180
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Indomethacin	261-273	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-95
8774948-4	1995	Tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA; 1-1000 nmol/l) increases the concentration of proenkephalin mRNA in these cells by activating protein kinase C. The enhancement in proenkephalin mRNA caused by TPA (10 nmol/l) was not affected by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 mumol/l).	Indomethacin	261-273	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	167-180
8774948-5	1995	However, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, which blocks cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases, potentiated the effect of TPA on proenkephalin mRNA, when used at concentrations of 0.5-50 mumol/l.	Masoprocol	9-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-129
8774948-5	1995	However, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, which blocks cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenases, potentiated the effect of TPA on proenkephalin mRNA, when used at concentrations of 0.5-50 mumol/l.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	109-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-129
8774948-7	1995	When added to the incubation medium, leukotriene E4 (10-1000 nmol/l) diminished in a dose-dependent manner the basal and TPA-induced expression of the proenkephalin gene.	Leukotriene E4	37-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-164
8774948-7	1995	When added to the incubation medium, leukotriene E4 (10-1000 nmol/l) diminished in a dose-dependent manner the basal and TPA-induced expression of the proenkephalin gene.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	121-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-164
8549638-3	1995	[D-Ala2,Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO, a mu-opioid receptor agonist) inhibited the vasodilator response in a dose-related (0.058-5.8 mumol/kg i.v.)	me-phe4	8-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
8549638-3	1995	[D-Ala2,Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAGO, a mu-opioid receptor agonist) inhibited the vasodilator response in a dose-related (0.058-5.8 mumol/kg i.v.)	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	36-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7498306-3	1995	Following chronic morphine treatment this adaptive increase of acetylcholine release was associated with a slight but long-lasting decrease of the (delta-opioid receptor-mediated) maximal inhibitory effect of [Met5]enkephalin, whereas upon intermittent drug treatment delta-opioid receptor desensitization was observed 1 day after opiate withdrawal only.	Acetylcholine	63-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	215-225
7500843-0	1995	Effects of morphine on forskolin-stimulated pro-enkephalin mRNA levels in rat striatum: a model for acute and chronic opioid actions in brain.	Colforsin	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8535838-10	1995	In addition, we confirmed in normal animals that the ventrolateral PAG is induced to release Met-enkephalin by systemic morphine.	Morphine	120-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
8535838-14	1995	Thus, we examined the hypothesis that GABAergic interneurons in the PAG mediated morphine-stimulated enkephalin release.	Morphine	81-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
8535838-15	1995	When the GABAantagonist bicuculline (0.25 microM to 25 microM) was co-infused with the dialysis medium, Met-enkephalin release increased in a dose-dependent fashion and peaked 68% above pre-infusion levels.	Bicuculline	24-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
8535838-16	1995	These data elucidate the reciprocal inhibitory relationship between GABA and enkephalin in the ventrolateral PAG.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	68-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8535840-3	1995	Enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers present in the ventral horn and the central cervical nucleus of upper cervical cord segments almost completely disappeared contralaterally following kainic acid-induced cell loss in the fastigial nucleus.	Kainic Acid	182-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7500843-2	1995	One potential biological role for this reaction would be to decrease pro-enkephalin mRNA synthesis by decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and preventing stimulation of gene expression via the cAMP regulatory element (CRE).	Cyclic AMP	127-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
7500843-2	1995	One potential biological role for this reaction would be to decrease pro-enkephalin mRNA synthesis by decreasing intracellular cAMP levels and preventing stimulation of gene expression via the cAMP regulatory element (CRE).	Cyclic AMP	193-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
7500843-6	1995	The treatment with the forskolin analog increased striatal pro-enkephalin mRNA levels approximately 2-fold in 4 h. When rats were injected with morphine (20 mg/kg i.p.)	Colforsin	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
7500843-6	1995	The treatment with the forskolin analog increased striatal pro-enkephalin mRNA levels approximately 2-fold in 4 h. When rats were injected with morphine (20 mg/kg i.p.)	Morphine	144-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
7500843-10	1995	1 h before DMB-forskolin administration, the inhibitory effect of morphine was lost (i.e. DMB-forskolin increased pro-enkephalin mRNA levels by 2 fold in either control and morphine-treated rats).	Morphine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
7643080-1	1995	We have previously shown that in cell extracts from rat striatum, cyclic AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB), rather than AP-1 proteins, preferentially interacts with the CRE-2 element of the proenkephalin second messenger-inducible enhancer, even under conditions in which AP-1 proteins are highly induced.	Cyclic AMP	66-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	206-219
9026395-5	1995	A decrease of leu-enkephalin contents in rat brain on the 7th day following adrenalectomy occurred simultaneously with a decrease in enkephalin aminopeptidase activity and specific binding of labeled leu-enkephalin testifying to strengthening of enkephalin release form neurosecretory granules of brain structures following adrenalectomy.	Leucine	14-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
7643080-4	1995	We report that cyclic AMP induction of the proenkephalin gene in striatal cultures is protein synthesis independent, excluding a role for newly synthesized proteins like c-Fos.	Cyclic AMP	15-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-56
7562532-2	1995	This study has used [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly- (ol)5(2)]-enkephalin, a highly selective ligand, to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections.	Tritium	21-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
7562532-4	1995	Autoradiographic studies showed an overall decrease of[3H]-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5(2)]-enkephalin binding in the somatosensory cortex (around -30%).	[3h]-ala2	54-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
7562532-4	1995	Autoradiographic studies showed an overall decrease of[3H]-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5(2)]-enkephalin binding in the somatosensory cortex (around -30%).	mephe4	64-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
8523414-4	1995	The binding of [3H]-U69593 was effectively displaced by the selective kappa 1 ligands, U-69593 and U-50488H, but only weakly displaced by Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, a selective kappa 2 ligand, which showed only 11 +/- 3% inhibition of [3H]-U69593 binding at the concentration of 1 microM.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
7501244-0	1995	Effect of minute amounts of [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin injected into the tuberomammillary nucleus of rats on histamine release from the cerebral cortex.	Histamine	117-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
7494455-0	1995	Effect of reserpine treatment on enkephalin mRNA level in the rat striatum: an in situ hybridization study.	Reserpine	10-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
7561631-6	1995	The response to the Met-enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2-Met2]-enkephalinamide (DALA), was also significantly enhanced by prior sodium depletion.	[d-ala2-met2]-enkephalinamide	45-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7561631-6	1995	The response to the Met-enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2-Met2]-enkephalinamide (DALA), was also significantly enhanced by prior sodium depletion.	Sodium	124-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7477937-2	1995	Pentylenetetrazole increased the level of proenkephalin messenger RNA, but slightly decreased that of prodynorphin messenger RNA in the dentate gyrus.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-55
7501282-0	1995	Differential regulation of c-fos, proenkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression by metrazole in the hamster adrenal and hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	92-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-47
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-69
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-69
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
7501282-1	1995	Metrazole (MTZ) induces sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin (Penk) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in the rat adrenal and c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat hippocampus.	Pentylenetetrazole	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
8523414-4	1995	The binding of [3H]-U69593 was effectively displaced by the selective kappa 1 ligands, U-69593 and U-50488H, but only weakly displaced by Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, a selective kappa 2 ligand, which showed only 11 +/- 3% inhibition of [3H]-U69593 binding at the concentration of 1 microM.	U 69593	20-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
7583317-3	1995	The influence of thyroid hormones on kainic acid (KA)-induced expression of ENK and DYN mRNAs in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus was also studied.	Kainic Acid	37-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
7477761-4	1995	Following subchronic administration of pergolide, enkephalin mRNA expression was decreased by 23% (p &lt; 0.05) while other drugs were without effect.	Pergolide	39-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7501303-4	1995	On the other hand, TH-IR and ENK-LIR neurons were nearly included in and thus considered to be subpopulations of GABA-LIR and CR-IR neurons, respectively, for about 80% of these two neuron groups contained GABA-L and CR immunoreactivities, respectively.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	113-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7501303-4	1995	On the other hand, TH-IR and ENK-LIR neurons were nearly included in and thus considered to be subpopulations of GABA-LIR and CR-IR neurons, respectively, for about 80% of these two neuron groups contained GABA-L and CR immunoreactivities, respectively.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	206-210	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7750466-6	1995	Enkephalin immunoreactivity was detected by immunocytochemistry and enkephalin messenger RNA with in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S- or digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes.	Sulfur-35	141-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8524983-6	1995	Since the motor stimulant response to intra-accumbens microinjection of the delta-opioid agonist, [D-penicillamine2,5]-enkephalin, was not augmented in a previous study, we tested the behavioral response to a new endogenous delta-opioid agonist, [D-Ala2] deltorphin I.	delta-opioid	76-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
7476031-0	1995	Acute repeated nicotine injections increase enkephalin and decrease AP-1 DNA binding activity in rat adrenal medulla.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7476031-2	1995	Repeated acute nicotine injections (3 mg/kg i.p., 7 injections equi-spaced over a 3 h period) effectively increased adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase [3] and [Met5]enkephalin levels and also profoundly decreased adrenal medulla AP-1 DNA binding activity for over 8 h.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
7477899-5	1995	Injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin immediately before prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia subsequently induced by these agents, i.e. the sensitivity to these hyperalgesic agents was decreased.	n-me-phe4	21-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
7477899-5	1995	Injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin immediately before prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly attenuated the hyperalgesia subsequently induced by these agents, i.e. the sensitivity to these hyperalgesic agents was decreased.	gly5-ol	31-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
7477899-6	1995	On the other hand, injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly enhanced the hyperalgesia observed.	n-me-phe4	40-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7477899-6	1995	On the other hand, injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly enhanced the hyperalgesia observed.	Dinoprostone	81-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7477899-6	1995	On the other hand, injection of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 significantly enhanced the hyperalgesia observed.	2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine	101-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7477899-7	1995	Injection of the adenosine A1-agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine immediately before and 5 min after prostaglandin E2 or CGS21680 had a similar effect to [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin.	N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine	38-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
7552341-7	1995	Leu-enkephalin, which derives from both prodynorphin and proenkephalin, and Met-enkephalin, which derives from proenkephalin, were affected by chronic morphine mainly in Fischer rats, increasing levels in most of the brain areas examined.	Morphine	151-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7750466-6	1995	Enkephalin immunoreactivity was detected by immunocytochemistry and enkephalin messenger RNA with in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S- or digoxigenin-labeled riboprobes.	Digoxigenin	149-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7755638-0	1995	Proenkephalin gene expression: interaction of glucocorticoid and cAMP regulatory elements.	Cyclic AMP	65-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
7651752-7	1995	Only ENK mRNA levels increased (5-fold; p &lt; 0.01) when pups were born in 11-13% O2; however, still less (p &lt; 0.01) than after birth in room air when it increased nine times (p &lt; 0.01).	Oxygen	83-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
7755638-3	1995	When inserted in front of a chloramphenicol acyl transferase (CAT) construct that is driven by a Penk promoter containing a cAMP response element, dexamethasone (10 microM) produced a 5-fold increase with GRE+, a small increase with RGRE, and no change with GRE- or the Penk promoter alone.	Cyclic AMP	124-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
7755638-3	1995	When inserted in front of a chloramphenicol acyl transferase (CAT) construct that is driven by a Penk promoter containing a cAMP response element, dexamethasone (10 microM) produced a 5-fold increase with GRE+, a small increase with RGRE, and no change with GRE- or the Penk promoter alone.	Dexamethasone	147-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
7755638-3	1995	When inserted in front of a chloramphenicol acyl transferase (CAT) construct that is driven by a Penk promoter containing a cAMP response element, dexamethasone (10 microM) produced a 5-fold increase with GRE+, a small increase with RGRE, and no change with GRE- or the Penk promoter alone.	Dexamethasone	147-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	270-274
7755638-5	1995	However, dexamethasone plus forskolin caused a synergistic induction of CAT expression with the GRE+ oligo, no effect with the RGRE and an antagonistic effect with the Penk promoter alone and the GRE- oligo.	Dexamethasone	9-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
7755638-5	1995	However, dexamethasone plus forskolin caused a synergistic induction of CAT expression with the GRE+ oligo, no effect with the RGRE and an antagonistic effect with the Penk promoter alone and the GRE- oligo.	Colforsin	28-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
7755638-6	1995	These results demonstrate that GRE+, and to a lesser degree RGRE, can mimic the response of the endogenous Penk gene to dexamethasone and forskolin.	Dexamethasone	120-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
7755638-6	1995	These results demonstrate that GRE+, and to a lesser degree RGRE, can mimic the response of the endogenous Penk gene to dexamethasone and forskolin.	Colforsin	138-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
7755638-7	1995	Furthermore, a dexamethasone activated glucocorticoid receptor may inhibit cAMP mediated transcription of the Penk gene when a GRE+ or RGRE is not present.	Dexamethasone	15-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
7755638-7	1995	Furthermore, a dexamethasone activated glucocorticoid receptor may inhibit cAMP mediated transcription of the Penk gene when a GRE+ or RGRE is not present.	Cyclic AMP	75-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
7637869-5	1995	The effect of L-DOPA on the gene expression of preproenkephalin and glutamate decarboxylase (M(r) 67,000) differs from the increase in striatal enkephalin content and glutamate decarboxylase activity previously found following L-DOPA treatment.	Levodopa	14-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7477890-4	1995	The partial depleting effect of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin on aluminum content, in the range of 0.2-1.0 micrograms/3 microliters, was dose-dependent and could be reversed by naloxone pretreatment.	Naloxone	173-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
7477890-0	1995	[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, a delta opioid agonist reduces endogenous aluminum content in the rat central nervous system.	Aluminum	69-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
7477890-2	1995	Intracerebroventricular injection of a subanalgesic dose of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (0.2 microgram/3 microliters) produced a transient, time-dependent reduction of the aluminum content.	Aluminum	170-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
7477890-4	1995	The partial depleting effect of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin on aluminum content, in the range of 0.2-1.0 micrograms/3 microliters, was dose-dependent and could be reversed by naloxone pretreatment.	Aluminum	61-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
7637869-5	1995	The effect of L-DOPA on the gene expression of preproenkephalin and glutamate decarboxylase (M(r) 67,000) differs from the increase in striatal enkephalin content and glutamate decarboxylase activity previously found following L-DOPA treatment.	Levodopa	227-233	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7635178-3	1995	The selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO, 10(-7)-10(-6) M), induced an increase in basal tension which remained after removal of endothelium or in Ca(2+)-free solution, but was inhibited by beta-flunaltrexamine.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	42-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7670227-2	1995	The two libraries were used in conjunction with an iterative selection process to identify individual peptides capable of inhibiting the binding of the mu-selective opioid peptide [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin to rat brain homogenates.	Tritium	181-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
7635178-3	1995	The selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO, 10(-7)-10(-6) M), induced an increase in basal tension which remained after removal of endothelium or in Ca(2+)-free solution, but was inhibited by beta-flunaltrexamine.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	80-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7635178-3	1995	The selective mu-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO, 10(-7)-10(-6) M), induced an increase in basal tension which remained after removal of endothelium or in Ca(2+)-free solution, but was inhibited by beta-flunaltrexamine.	beta-flunaltrexamine	235-255	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7635178-5	1995	The delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, had no effect on resting tension but potentiated the contractions induced by noradrenaline; these effects were abolished by naltrindol.	Norepinephrine	139-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7635178-5	1995	The delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, had no effect on resting tension but potentiated the contractions induced by noradrenaline; these effects were abolished by naltrindol.	naltrindol	186-196	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7534337-2	1995	Leu-enkephalin was readily hydrolyzed to free tyrosine and Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu.	Tyrosine	46-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7534337-2	1995	Leu-enkephalin was readily hydrolyzed to free tyrosine and Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu.	gly-gly-phe-leu	59-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7751438-10	1995	These results indicate that enkephalin immunoreactivity is intensely localized to dcvs within terminals that may have direct inhibitory (symmetric synapses) actions on vagal motor neurons in both the compact portion of the NA and the DMN.	Dimethylnitrosamine	234-237	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
7568625-3	1995	Morphine treatment increased striatal Met-enkephalin.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
7568625-9	1995	Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal accentuated the increase in dynorphin A and B levels in the accumbens and dynorphin A levels in the striatum, while inducing an increase in enkephalin levels in the accumbens and Met-enkephalin in the VTA.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
7568625-9	1995	Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal accentuated the increase in dynorphin A and B levels in the accumbens and dynorphin A levels in the striatum, while inducing an increase in enkephalin levels in the accumbens and Met-enkephalin in the VTA.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	216-226
7714785-2	1995	Dose-dependent increases in activity also could be produced by intra-MR injections of the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and the delta-opioid agonist D-Pen2,D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE), but not by the kappa-opioid agonist Dynorphin A (1-13).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	148-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
7714785-2	1995	Dose-dependent increases in activity also could be produced by intra-MR injections of the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and the delta-opioid agonist D-Pen2,D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE), but not by the kappa-opioid agonist Dynorphin A (1-13).	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	148-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
7714785-2	1995	Dose-dependent increases in activity also could be produced by intra-MR injections of the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol)-enkephalin (DAMGO) and the delta-opioid agonist D-Pen2,D-Pen5-enkephalin (DPDPE), but not by the kappa-opioid agonist Dynorphin A (1-13).	d-pen2	184-190	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
9620062-4	1995	Continuous, intrastriatal infusion of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, 3-((+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid, (CPP, 0.12 and 1.2microg/day) decreased both enkephalin mRNA and substance P mRNA in dose-dependent manner evenly throughout the striatum adjacent to the infusion site.	3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid	80-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
7630485-3	1995	DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin; 0.3-10 microM) and morphine (1-30 microM), mu-opioid agonists, produced a concentration-dependent reduction (approximately 85 and approximately 77% reduction, respectively) in the capsaicin (3 microM)-evoked release of glutamate.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	0-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
7630485-3	1995	DAMGO ([D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin; 0.3-10 microM) and morphine (1-30 microM), mu-opioid agonists, produced a concentration-dependent reduction (approximately 85 and approximately 77% reduction, respectively) in the capsaicin (3 microM)-evoked release of glutamate.	gly5-ol	25-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
7630485-5	1995	DPDPE ([D-Pen2,5]enkephalin; 1-10 microM), a delta-opioid agonist, also reduced the capsaicin-evoked release in a concentration-dependent manner (approximately 59% reduction).	Capsaicin	84-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
7721997-4	1995	Our colocalization results show that the increases in neurotensin/neuromedin N and proenkephalin mRNAs after polyethylene glycol injection occur to a significant degree in cells that also contain corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA.	Polyethylene Glycols	109-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-96
7534774-3	1995	At each age examined, substance P+, enkephalin- striatal neurons were the predominant class of cells in which cocaine induced c-fos gene expression.	Cocaine	110-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7697375-6	1995	Most of the effects of Met-enkephalin could also be blocked by nor-binaltorphimine (67%, n = 6), but less by naltrindole (25%, n = 8).	norbinaltorphimine	63-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
7560914-0	1995	Enkephalin in the caudal PAG of rat: an immunocytochemical electron microscopic study.	phenylacetylglycine	25-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7780637-2	1995	The effects induced in rats on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome by the new mixed inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism able to cross the blood-brain barrier RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyl dithio]-1-ox-opropyl-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) given alone or associated with the selective CCKB antagonist, PD-134,308, were investigated.	Naloxone	31-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7780637-2	1995	The effects induced in rats on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome by the new mixed inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism able to cross the blood-brain barrier RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyl dithio]-1-ox-opropyl-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) given alone or associated with the selective CCKB antagonist, PD-134,308, were investigated.	Morphine	53-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7780637-2	1995	The effects induced in rats on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome by the new mixed inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism able to cross the blood-brain barrier RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyl dithio]-1-ox-opropyl-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) given alone or associated with the selective CCKB antagonist, PD-134,308, were investigated.	RB 101	172-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7780637-2	1995	The effects induced in rats on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal syndrome by the new mixed inhibitor of enkephalin catabolism able to cross the blood-brain barrier RB 101 (N-((R,S)-2-benzyl-3[(S)(2-amino-4-methylthio)butyl dithio]-1-ox-opropyl-L-phenylalanine benzyl ester) given alone or associated with the selective CCKB antagonist, PD-134,308, were investigated.	pd-134	344-350	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7780637-12	1995	These results suggest that an increase in endogenous enkephalin levels induced by PD-134,308 could participate in the facilitation of RB 101 behavioural responses.	pd-134	82-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7780637-12	1995	These results suggest that an increase in endogenous enkephalin levels induced by PD-134,308 could participate in the facilitation of RB 101 behavioural responses.	RB 101	134-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7715840-10	1995	We suggest that carrageenan-induced inflammation may alter endogenous enkephalin levels, perhaps by a decrease in CCK availability.	Carrageenan	16-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
7722220-0	1995	Comparison of immunohistochemical localization of [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, [Met5]enkephalin, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.	arg6-gly7-leu8	67-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
7722220-4	1995	(1) A minor population (10-20%) of principal neurons was immunoreactive for [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 but not immunoreactive for neuropeptide Y nor vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.	arg6-gly7-leu8	93-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
7713149-3	1995	Conversely, the selective mu- and delta-opioid receptor agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), respectively, enhanced the K(+)-stimulated release of [3H]5-HT.	[d-ala2,nmephe4	65-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
7697375-7	1995	Naltrindole, however, seemed to be more effective in blocking the action of [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (100%, n = 2).	naltrindole	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
7798908-3	1995	The rank order potency of drugs competing with [3H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (Ki = 0.6 +/- 0.2 nM) approximately beta-endorphin (Ki = 0.7 +/- 0.05 nM) approximately morphine (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.5 nM) approximately [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO; Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM) uch much greater than U50,488 (Ki = 910 +/- 0.78 nM) &gt; [D-Pen2,5]- enkephalin (Ki = 3,170 +/- 98 nM) &gt; dextrorphan (Ki = 4,100 +/- 68 nM).	[3H]Diprenorphine	47-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	254-264
7798908-3	1995	The rank order potency of drugs competing with [3H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (Ki = 0.6 +/- 0.2 nM) approximately beta-endorphin (Ki = 0.7 +/- 0.05 nM) approximately morphine (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.5 nM) approximately [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO; Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM) uch much greater than U50,488 (Ki = 910 +/- 0.78 nM) &gt; [D-Pen2,5]- enkephalin (Ki = 3,170 +/- 98 nM) &gt; dextrorphan (Ki = 4,100 +/- 68 nM).	[3H]Diprenorphine	47-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	364-374
7798908-3	1995	The rank order potency of drugs competing with [3H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (Ki = 0.6 +/- 0.2 nM) approximately beta-endorphin (Ki = 0.7 +/- 0.05 nM) approximately morphine (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.5 nM) approximately [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO; Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM) uch much greater than U50,488 (Ki = 910 +/- 0.78 nM) &gt; [D-Pen2,5]- enkephalin (Ki = 3,170 +/- 98 nM) &gt; dextrorphan (Ki = 4,100 +/- 68 nM).	Levorphanol	81-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	254-264
7798908-3	1995	The rank order potency of drugs competing with [3H]diprenorphine was as follows: levorphanol (Ki = 0.6 +/- 0.2 nM) approximately beta-endorphin (Ki = 0.7 +/- 0.05 nM) approximately morphine (Ki = 0.8 +/- 0.5 nM) approximately [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO; Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM) uch much greater than U50,488 (Ki = 910 +/- 0.78 nM) &gt; [D-Pen2,5]- enkephalin (Ki = 3,170 +/- 98 nM) &gt; dextrorphan (Ki = 4,100 +/- 68 nM).	Levorphanol	81-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	364-374
7651893-9	1995	The results clearly demonstrate differential changes in enkephalin gene expression in brain regions and spinal cord of the abstinent and nonabstinent morphine-tolerant/dependent rats.	Morphine	150-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8527000-6	1995	In the striata of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, PENK gene is upregulated, PDYN gene is down-regulated and the induction of c-fos gene by D2 receptor antagonists is abolished, whereas selective D1 receptor agonists induce c-fos gene, which does not occur in non-lesioned rats.	Oxidopamine	18-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
7715812-6	1994	This BMI-sensitive event was depressed, however, by application of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM; 15.1 +/- 8.7% of rate in control; n = 6 slices), an effect that was antagonized by naloxone (20 microM).	bicuculline methiodide	5-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8713290-3	1995	The level of leu-enkephalin in adrenal glands was directly related to plasma creatinine.	Creatinine	77-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
8545240-2	1995	Met-ENK increased and decreased H2O2 production by macrophages of DA and AO rats, respectively.	Hydrogen Peroxide	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
7697877-1	1994	Destruction of dopamine neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway in the early postnatal rat enhances the levels of Met5-enkephalin in the adult dorsal striatum (caudate-putamen nuclei) and may contribute to the abnormal self-injurious behavior seen in humans with Lesch-Nyhan disease.	Dopamine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
7697877-6	1994	In selectively lesioned animals, there was a significant increase in the relative optical density of immunoautoradiographic labeling for enkephalin throughout the rostrocaudal striatum ipsilateral to 6-OHDA as compared to control groups.	Oxidopamine	200-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
7697877-9	1994	However, ipsilateral to 6-OHDA injections there was a small (5.4%), but significant increase in the proportion of enkephalin immunoreactive terminals contacting dendritic spines, the known targets of dopamine terminals.	Oxidopamine	24-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
7697877-9	1994	However, ipsilateral to 6-OHDA injections there was a small (5.4%), but significant increase in the proportion of enkephalin immunoreactive terminals contacting dendritic spines, the known targets of dopamine terminals.	Dopamine	200-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
7697877-10	1994	Appositions were commonly detected between enkephalin immunoreactive terminals and other morphologically heterogeneous axons in the striatum ipsilateral to 6-OHDA and in control tissues.	Oxidopamine	156-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
7697877-11	1994	Met5-enkephalin immunoreactive terminals in adult striatum ipsilateral to 6-OHDA injections showed a 214% increase in volume as compared to vehicle-injected controls.	Oxidopamine	74-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
7697877-12	1994	Concurrently, there was a small (13%), but significant increase in the numerical density (number/volume) of enkephalin-labeled terminals both contralateral and ipsilateral to 6-OHDA injections.	Oxidopamine	175-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
7697877-13	1994	These results suggest that a change in bouton size is the major mechanism by which striatal enkephalin neurons alter their synaptic efficacy and target associations to compensate for damage to the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	211-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7882034-9	1994	Most frequently (90%), enkephalin inhibited the same neurons as those on which GABA had the inhibitory effects.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	79-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7882034-11	1994	Moreover, 76% of neurons inhibited by enkephalin were found to be tonically inhibited by endogenous GABA through GABAA receptors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	100-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
7882034-13	1994	Since GABAA agonists actually facilitate lordosis in the PAG, these PAG neurons inhibited by both GABA and enkephalin may themselves facilitate behaviors which are antagonistic to lordosis, such as defensive behaviors.	gabaa	6-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
7882034-13	1994	Since GABAA agonists actually facilitate lordosis in the PAG, these PAG neurons inhibited by both GABA and enkephalin may themselves facilitate behaviors which are antagonistic to lordosis, such as defensive behaviors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	6-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
7715812-6	1994	This BMI-sensitive event was depressed, however, by application of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM; 15.1 +/- 8.7% of rate in control; n = 6 slices), an effect that was antagonized by naloxone (20 microM).	d-ala2-n-me-phe4	99-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
7715812-6	1994	This BMI-sensitive event was depressed, however, by application of the mu-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4,Gly5(5)-ol]enkephalin (DAGO, 10 microM; 15.1 +/- 8.7% of rate in control; n = 6 slices), an effect that was antagonized by naloxone (20 microM).	Naloxone	239-247	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
7700499-6	1994	However, depletion of Met-Enk was also observed following naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal accompanying selective hypersecretion of OXT, suggesting co-secretion of OXT and Met-Enk.	Naloxone	58-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
7860799-5	1994	Preproenkephalin A (ENK) mRNA-expressing cells were found at all levels of the PAG in three distinct longitudinal columns.	pag	79-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
7996199-2	1994	Using fura-2-based imaging we found that Ca2+ transients evoked by depolarization with 50 mM KCl were suppressed by the mu-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) and less effectively by the kappa-receptor agonist U-69,593.	Fura-2	6-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
7996199-2	1994	Using fura-2-based imaging we found that Ca2+ transients evoked by depolarization with 50 mM KCl were suppressed by the mu-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) and less effectively by the kappa-receptor agonist U-69,593.	Potassium Chloride	93-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
7996199-2	1994	Using fura-2-based imaging we found that Ca2+ transients evoked by depolarization with 50 mM KCl were suppressed by the mu-opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAMGO) and less effectively by the kappa-receptor agonist U-69,593.	n-mephe4	154-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
7882016-3	1994	GABA-like immunoreactive neuronal somata were post-synaptic to both the enkephalin-like immunoreactive and the non-immunoreactive axon terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
7882016-4	1994	Enkephalin-like immunoreactive axon terminals were found to make synapses with GABA-like immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive dendrites.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	79-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7756949-1	1994	The enkephalin analogue peptide IKB-901 containing epsilon-ACA and cysteine with the modified S-end shows an analgetic activity in rats (1 micron, intrathecally and 5 mg/kg intravenously) and in cats (0.35 and 0.7 mg/kg intravenously).	ikb-901	32-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7756949-1	1994	The enkephalin analogue peptide IKB-901 containing epsilon-ACA and cysteine with the modified S-end shows an analgetic activity in rats (1 micron, intrathecally and 5 mg/kg intravenously) and in cats (0.35 and 0.7 mg/kg intravenously).	Cysteine	67-75	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7532816-0	1994	Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic contraction elicited by [Met5]-enkephalin in rat isolated duodenum.	Nitric Oxide	26-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
7532816-3	1994	The relaxation induced by ENK was blocked by naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, but not by tetrodotoxin (TTX).	Naloxone	45-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
7862730-5	1994	Bilateral injection of morphine (0.1-20 nmol) and the mu-selective agonist D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol-enkephalin (DAGO; 0.03-1 nmol) increased response latency on the hot plate test and decreased gnawing produced by tail pinch.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	112-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
7532816-4	1994	The contractile response of the duodenum to ENK was blocked by TTX but not by naloxone.	Tetrodotoxin	63-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
7532816-8	1994	Thus, endogenous NO and prostaglandins are involved in the contractile response to ENK.	Prostaglandins	24-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
7534387-0	1994	Dopaminergic and muscarinic regulation of striatal enkephalin and substance P messenger RNAs following striatal dopamine denervation: effects of systemic and central administration of quinpirole and scopolamine.	Dopamine	112-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
7534387-1	1994	Striatal dopamine depletion produces an increase in enkephalin and a decrease in substance P messenger RNAs.	Dopamine	9-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
7534387-2	1994	Subsequent systemic administration of either the D2 dopamine agonist, quinpirole, or the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, results in the reduction of the lesion-induced elevation in striatal enkephalin messenger RNA.	Dopamine	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
7534387-2	1994	Subsequent systemic administration of either the D2 dopamine agonist, quinpirole, or the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, results in the reduction of the lesion-induced elevation in striatal enkephalin messenger RNA.	Quinpirole	70-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
7534387-2	1994	Subsequent systemic administration of either the D2 dopamine agonist, quinpirole, or the muscarinic antagonist, scopolamine, results in the reduction of the lesion-induced elevation in striatal enkephalin messenger RNA.	Scopolamine	112-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
7534387-4	1994	To dissociate these possibilities, we have compared the effects of systemic and central administration of quinpirole and scopolamine on striatal enkephalin and substance P messenger RNAs using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Quinpirole	106-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
7534387-4	1994	To dissociate these possibilities, we have compared the effects of systemic and central administration of quinpirole and scopolamine on striatal enkephalin and substance P messenger RNAs using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Scopolamine	121-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
7534387-5	1994	Systemic administration of both quinpirole and scopolamine blocked the elevation of striatal enkephalin messenger RNA normally observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.	Quinpirole	32-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7534387-5	1994	Systemic administration of both quinpirole and scopolamine blocked the elevation of striatal enkephalin messenger RNA normally observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.	Scopolamine	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7534387-5	1994	Systemic administration of both quinpirole and scopolamine blocked the elevation of striatal enkephalin messenger RNA normally observed in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.	Oxidopamine	139-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7534387-8	1994	In contrast to systemic administration, intraventricular and intrastriatal infusion of quinpirole but not scopolamine prevented the lesion-induced change in striatal enkephalin messenger RNA.	Quinpirole	87-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
7534387-10	1994	Together, these data suggest that changes in D2 receptor activation directly in the striatum are responsible for the effects of quinpirole on enkephalin messenger RNA.	Quinpirole	128-138	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
7534387-11	1994	In contrast, the effect of systemic scopolamine on striatal enkephalin and substance P messenger RNAs may not be mediated within the striatum.	Scopolamine	36-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
7820070-10	1994	These results also suggest that D2 dopamine antagonists indirectly down-regulate opioid receptors by increasing the expression of proenkephalin mRNA, thereby increasing enkephalin which, in turn, decreases opioid receptors in striatum.	Dopamine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-143
7535410-3	1994	Following repeated administration of the D-2 antagonists, eticlopride and haloperidol, there was an increase in enkephalin and GAD67 mRNA levels and parallel decrease in that of substance P. These were unaffected by co-administration of gamma-vinyl GABA.	eticlopride	58-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7535410-3	1994	Following repeated administration of the D-2 antagonists, eticlopride and haloperidol, there was an increase in enkephalin and GAD67 mRNA levels and parallel decrease in that of substance P. These were unaffected by co-administration of gamma-vinyl GABA.	Haloperidol	74-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7828644-2	1994	kelatorphan (2.5, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg), a mixed inhibitor of enkephalin degrading enzymes, was studied in a rat model of peripheral unilateral mononeuropathy (chronic constriction of the common sciatic nerve).	kelatorphan	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
7699567-3	1994	The selective mu-receptor agonist D-Ala2-NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin was the least potent of all peptides tested.	d-ala2-nme-phe4	34-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
7808596-12	1994	Low levels of PC3 and PENK were detected in the AM of rats treated for 90 min with SAL or LPS.	sal	83-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
7820070-0	1994	Irreversible blockade of D2 dopamine receptors by fluphenazine-N-mustard increases D2 dopamine receptor mRNA and proenkephalin mRNA and decreases D1 dopamine receptor mRNA and mu and delta opioid receptors in rat striatum.	fluphenazine-N-mustard	50-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-126
7834330-3	1994	In contrast, KCl increased media [Met5]enkephalin (ME) immunoreactivity 2-fold in these cultures, equivalent to stimulation with Fsk or PMA.	Potassium Chloride	13-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
7820070-10	1994	These results also suggest that D2 dopamine antagonists indirectly down-regulate opioid receptors by increasing the expression of proenkephalin mRNA, thereby increasing enkephalin which, in turn, decreases opioid receptors in striatum.	Dopamine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
7820071-3	1994	The activator of protein kinase C tetradecanoylphorbolacetate (0.001-1 microM) increased the level of proenkephalin-mRNA in a concentration dependent manner.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	34-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-115
7820071-5	1994	8-Bromoadenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (0.01-1 mM) also enhanced the expression of the proenkephalin gene.	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	0-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-105
7820071-8	1994	While the effect of 8Br.cAMP (1 mM) on PEnk-mRNA was enhanced, that of tetradecanoylphorbolacetate (0.1 microM) was abolished.	8-Bromoadenosine 5'-monophosphate	20-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
7820071-8	1994	While the effect of 8Br.cAMP (1 mM) on PEnk-mRNA was enhanced, that of tetradecanoylphorbolacetate (0.1 microM) was abolished.	Cyclic AMP	24-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
7812626-19	1994	A small inhibition produced by the selective delta-receptor agonist,Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen-enkephalin (3 micro M, 26 +/- 4%, n = 14), was antagonized by naloxone (1 micro M), but not by the selective delta-receptor antagonist, naltrindole (10 nM), suggesting non-specific micro-receptor activation by this agonist.	Naloxone	154-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7812626-23	1994	Met-enkephalin inhibited postsynaptic potentials by 55 +/- 5% (n = 12) in the presence of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 microM, predominantly GABAergic component).Met-enkephalin did not affect the response to GABA applied directly by pressure ejection, indicating that opioids exclusively inhibited presynaptic release of GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	153-157	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7812626-19	1994	A small inhibition produced by the selective delta-receptor agonist,Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-Pen-enkephalin (3 micro M, 26 +/- 4%, n = 14), was antagonized by naloxone (1 micro M), but not by the selective delta-receptor antagonist, naltrindole (10 nM), suggesting non-specific micro-receptor activation by this agonist.	naltrindole	228-239	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
7812626-23	1994	Met-enkephalin inhibited postsynaptic potentials by 55 +/- 5% (n = 12) in the presence of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 microM, predominantly GABAergic component).Met-enkephalin did not affect the response to GABA applied directly by pressure ejection, indicating that opioids exclusively inhibited presynaptic release of GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	220-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7812626-23	1994	Met-enkephalin inhibited postsynaptic potentials by 55 +/- 5% (n = 12) in the presence of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (10 microM, predominantly GABAergic component).Met-enkephalin did not affect the response to GABA applied directly by pressure ejection, indicating that opioids exclusively inhibited presynaptic release of GABA.	6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione	90-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7812626-24	1994	Met-enkephalin (10-30 micro M) inhibited postsynaptic potentials by 48 +/- 6% (n = 11) in the presence of bicuculline (30 micro M, predominantly glutamatergic component).	Bicuculline	106-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7812626-25	1994	In the presence of both bicuculline and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione,Met-enkephalin inhibited the small residual component of the synaptic potential by 42 +/- 15% (n = 2).7.	Bicuculline	24-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
8076927-7	1994	mu-Opiate receptor stimulation of hypothalamic explants in vitro with the specific mu-opiate receptor agonist ligand [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol]-Enkephalin resulted in 8.2% and 16.9% inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone release in sham-resected and unoperated control rats, respectively.	n-me-phe4	125-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
7812626-25	1994	In the presence of both bicuculline and 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione,Met-enkephalin inhibited the small residual component of the synaptic potential by 42 +/- 15% (n = 2).7.	6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione	40-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
8076927-7	1994	mu-Opiate receptor stimulation of hypothalamic explants in vitro with the specific mu-opiate receptor agonist ligand [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol]-Enkephalin resulted in 8.2% and 16.9% inhibition of corticotropin-releasing hormone release in sham-resected and unoperated control rats, respectively.	gly-ol	135-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
8076927-8	1994	In contrast, treatment of hypothalamic explants from bile duct-resected rats with [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol]-Enkephalin resulted in a significant 22.5% increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone release.	n-me-phe4	90-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
8076927-8	1994	In contrast, treatment of hypothalamic explants from bile duct-resected rats with [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol]-Enkephalin resulted in a significant 22.5% increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone release.	gly-ol	100-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
8083765-9	1994	To determine whether interactions between SCG neurons and their target tissues influence Enk expression, we disrupted them by treating neonatal rats with a single dose of 6-OHDA at P0.	Oxidopamine	171-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
7981878-0	1994	Prefrontal corticostriatal afferents maintain increased enkephalin gene expression in the dopamine-denervated rat striatum.	Dopamine	90-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8035203-0	1994	Regulation of mu-opioid receptor mRNA in rat globus pallidus: effects of enkephalin increases induced by short- and long-term haloperidol administration.	Haloperidol	126-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
7845552-4	1994	The mu receptor agonist ([D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol]-Enkephalin (DAMGO)) increased the responsiveness of DGCs to perforant path stimulation, although it did not induce spontaneous activity in DGCs.	nme-phe4	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
7953706-2	1994	NADPH-DA colocalized with immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), serotonin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), methionine-enkephalin and somatostatin.	NADP	0-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
7526302-1	1994	[D-Ser2,Leu5]-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) and [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), both delta-agonists, stimulated the high affinity GTPase in the rat striatal membranes in a naltrindole-reversible manner.	[d-ser2	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7969776-8	1994	ENK, which has prolactin-releasing activity and is colocalized with dopamine, could mediate the positive short-loop feedback regulation and sustain elevated levels of prolactin in pregnant, pseudopregnant, lactating, and aged animals.	Dopamine	68-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7526302-1	1994	[D-Ser2,Leu5]-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) and [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), both delta-agonists, stimulated the high affinity GTPase in the rat striatal membranes in a naltrindole-reversible manner.	DSLET	31-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7526302-1	1994	[D-Ser2,Leu5]-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) and [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), both delta-agonists, stimulated the high affinity GTPase in the rat striatal membranes in a naltrindole-reversible manner.	naltrindole	165-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7526302-1	1994	[D-Ser2,Leu5]-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) and [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE), both delta-agonists, stimulated the high affinity GTPase in the rat striatal membranes in a naltrindole-reversible manner.	naltrindole	165-176	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7526265-5	1994	Neurons that possess GABA- but not glycine-immunoreactivity may contain neuropeptide Y, enkephalin, acetylcholine or NADPH diaphorase, and all of the cholinergic neurons appear to contain NADPH diaphorase.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	21-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
8207425-4	1994	[Leu5]-Enkephalin and selective delta- and mu-, but not kappa-, opioid receptor agonists inhibit the FSK stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity with the same potencies displayed in stimulating basal enzyme activity.	Colforsin	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
7958733-6	1994	administration of the delta-selective agonist DPDPE ([D-Pen2,D-Pen2]enkephalin) produced stimulation of HPA activity, as shown by an increase in corticosterone release.	Corticosterone	145-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8089277-8	1994	Three main findings emerged from these experiments: 1) the mRNA was present in regions mediating both the therapeutic (analgesia) and the unwanted (respiratory depression, addiction) effects of morphine, 2) the mRNA was very densely expressed by neurons known to receive dense enkephalin-containing inputs, and 3) the dissociation between the presence of binding sites and absence of mRNA in some brain regions supports a presynaptic localization of mu opioid receptors in these areas.	Morphine	194-202	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	277-287
8035345-11	1994	also enhanced endogenous enkephalin induced antiociception, but this potentiating effect, completely reversed by administration of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), was about 2 times less effective than in the tail-flick assay.	Naloxone	131-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8088356-12	1994	RB 101, a systemically active mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-metabolising enzymes, significantly decreased Fos-like immunoreactivity induced by heat stimulation (19, 29 and 48% decreases as compared to control values at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg i.v.	RB 101	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
7863837-1	1994	Our previous studies have shown that seizure induced by injecting penicillin (0.24 mg/2 microliters) into hippocampus could be inhibited by electroacupuncture (EA) probably via decreasing enkephalin content in hippocampus.	Penicillins	66-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
7936191-4	1994	Administration of gamma-hydroxybutyrate to the rats induced a dose-dependent decrease in the extracellular release of met-enkephalin.	Sodium Oxybate	18-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
7936191-5	1994	In parallel, a dose- and time-dependent gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced accumulation of met-enkephalin in striatum was observed.	Sodium Oxybate	40-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
7936191-8	1994	Thus, a gamma-hydroxybutyrate mediating effect on met-enkephalin synthesis is suggested, most probably occurring via functional modulation of striatal dopamine synthesis and release.	Sodium Oxybate	8-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
7936191-8	1994	Thus, a gamma-hydroxybutyrate mediating effect on met-enkephalin synthesis is suggested, most probably occurring via functional modulation of striatal dopamine synthesis and release.	Dopamine	151-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
7936191-10	1994	In gamma-hydroxybutyrate-treated rats, striata exhibited a similar increase in met-enkephalin content.	Sodium Oxybate	3-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7936191-12	1994	Thus, striatal met-enkephalin accumulation could be attributed to the suppression of the dopaminergic impulse flow, due to gamma-hydroxybutyrate or to the action of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Sodium Oxybate	123-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7936191-12	1994	Thus, striatal met-enkephalin accumulation could be attributed to the suppression of the dopaminergic impulse flow, due to gamma-hydroxybutyrate or to the action of 6-hydroxydopamine.	Oxidopamine	165-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7936191-13	1994	In the extracellular spaces (microdialysis experiments), gamma-hydroxybutyrate administration induced identical modifications of met-enkephalin release in lesioned or non-lesioned striata.	Sodium Oxybate	57-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
7936191-15	1994	From a functional point of view, the dopaminergic D2 receptor blockade or the gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced inhibition of dopamine release could be considered to induce similar results, with identical consequences on striatal met-enkephalin accumulation and release.	Sodium Oxybate	78-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
7936191-15	1994	From a functional point of view, the dopaminergic D2 receptor blockade or the gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced inhibition of dopamine release could be considered to induce similar results, with identical consequences on striatal met-enkephalin accumulation and release.	Dopamine	37-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
7936191-16	1994	These results suggest that gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced modifications in met-enkephalin release, presumably potentiated by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, act via a functional modification of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.	Sodium Oxybate	27-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
7936191-16	1994	These results suggest that gamma-hydroxybutyrate-induced modifications in met-enkephalin release, presumably potentiated by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, act via a functional modification of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.	Oxidopamine	124-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
8186271-1	1994	Leucine enkephalin (1 mM) was reacted with mushroom tyrosinase under reductive conditions (ascorbic acid, 50 mM).	Ascorbic Acid	91-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
8046774-0	1994	Met5-enkephalin is localized within axon terminals in the subfornical organ: vascular contacts and interactions with neurons containing gamma-aminobutyric acid.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	136-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8046774-1	1994	Met5-enkephalin inhibits sodium and water excretion and antagonizes the central actions of angiotensin II in subfornical organ of rat brain.	Sodium	25-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
7913003-4	1994	Since striatal D2 receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, in contrast to its activation through D1 receptors, is not present in the prenatal period, this study indicates that the tonic inhibitory effect of DA on striatal ppEnk mRNA synthesis is dependent on the presence of adenylate cyclase-coupled D2 receptors which gradually develops postnatally and further supports the idea that striatal D1 and D2 DA receptors have bidirectional effects on enkephalin synthesis in this brain area.	Dopamine	226-228	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	467-477
8046774-1	1994	Met5-enkephalin inhibits sodium and water excretion and antagonizes the central actions of angiotensin II in subfornical organ of rat brain.	Water	36-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8046774-11	1994	The targets of enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals were either unlabeled or GABA-labeled dendrites of local neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	76-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
8046774-12	1994	Enkephalin was also co-localized with GABA in perikarya and in axon terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	38-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8046774-14	1994	GABA-immunoreactive terminals formed symmetric synapses on unlabeled dendrites some of which also received convergent input from terminals containing enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
8046774-15	1994	Additionally, the enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals were closely apposed to GABA-labeled and unlabeled terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	78-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8046774-17	1994	Moreover, the observed dual localization and pre- and postsynaptic associations between neurons containing Met5-enkephalin and GABA indicate that inhibitory effects of opioids in the subfornical organ may be mediated or potentiated by GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	235-239	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
8177908-1	1994	Effects were determined of chronic administration and withdrawal of a highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, U-50,488H, on methionine-enkephalin levels in central and peripheral tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats.	u-50	118-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
8177908-1	1994	Effects were determined of chronic administration and withdrawal of a highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist, U-50,488H, on methionine-enkephalin levels in central and peripheral tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats.	488h	123-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
8177908-4	1994	Methionine-enkephalin concentration increased in the hippocampus of U-50,488H-tolerant-dependent rats, whereas in abstinent rats, its level was elevated only in the hypothalamus.	488h	73-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
8177908-6	1994	Among peripheral tissues, methionine-enkephalin concentration decreased in the adrenal gland of U-50,488H-tolerant-dependent rats.	488h	101-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
8177908-7	1994	In the U-50,488H-abstinent rats, methionine-enkephalin concentration was elevated in the heart.	488h	12-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
8177908-8	1994	In tissues of morphine- and U-50,488H-tolerant-dependent and abstinent rats methionine-enkephalin concentrations were affected differentially, suggesting inherent differences in mu- and kappa-opiate-mediated tolerance-dependence and abstinence processes.	Morphine	14-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	Adenosine	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
7515821-0	1994	delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol regulates substance P and enkephalin mRNAs levels in the caudate-putamen.	Dronabinol	0-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8200414-0	1994	Involvement of glutamate receptors in the striatal enkephalin-induced dopamine release.	Dopamine	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8200414-1	1994	In anesthetized rats, the intrastriatal infusion of the delta-opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, increased the extracellular concentration of dopamine.	Dopamine	159-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
8200422-6	1994	In contrast, only one withdrawal symptom (tremor) was significant in rats treated with the mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, RB 101 (1.20 mg/120 microliters/h).	RB 101	140-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	Adenosine	18-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
7515821-2	1994	We now report for the first time, by quantitative in situ hybridization, that a 3-week treatment with THC significantly increases in the adult rat caudate-putamen the messenger RNAs levels for substance P and enkephalin.	Dronabinol	102-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	144-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
7912401-6	1994	The expression of adenosine A2a receptors by enkephalin cells in striatum suggests that adenosine may play a role in modulating the activity of GABA/enkephalin striatopallidal neurones through interaction with A2a receptors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	144-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
8023568-2	1994	Inhibition of the avoidance conditioning in a shuttle-box was observed in the first days of tetrapeptides microinjection; dopamine-like stimulatory effects, i.e. the stereotyped behaviour were seen during the development of chronic enkephalin effects.	Dopamine	122-130	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	232-242
7517280-1	1994	Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to examine the effects of unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending dopaminergic fibres on levels of mRNA encoding the neuropeptides enkephalin, dynorphin and substance P in subregions of the nucleus accumbens.	Oxidopamine	96-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
7998343-0	1994	[Receptor selectivity profile of short enkephalin analogs containing D-ornithine at the second position of the molecule].	Ornithine	69-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
7998343-1	1994	The radioreceptor binding assay using a membrane fraction from the rat brain was applied to study binding activity and opiate receptor selectivity of truncated enkephalin analogs (with a free or modified C-terminal carboxyl group) bearing D-ornithine at the second position.	Ornithine	239-250	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
7998343-5	1994	D-ornithine side chain prolongation by means of the attachment of some amino acid residues (methionine, leucine, proline, asparagine) led to the original branched enkephalin analogs.	Ornithine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7998343-5	1994	D-ornithine side chain prolongation by means of the attachment of some amino acid residues (methionine, leucine, proline, asparagine) led to the original branched enkephalin analogs.	Methionine	92-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7998343-5	1994	D-ornithine side chain prolongation by means of the attachment of some amino acid residues (methionine, leucine, proline, asparagine) led to the original branched enkephalin analogs.	Leucine	104-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7998343-5	1994	D-ornithine side chain prolongation by means of the attachment of some amino acid residues (methionine, leucine, proline, asparagine) led to the original branched enkephalin analogs.	Proline	113-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7998343-5	1994	D-ornithine side chain prolongation by means of the attachment of some amino acid residues (methionine, leucine, proline, asparagine) led to the original branched enkephalin analogs.	Asparagine	122-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7907137-7	1994	Fifty percent (22 of 45) of pyramidal cells were hyperpolarized by [Met5]enkephalin; this resulted from an increase in potassium conductance, and it was mimicked by DPDPE and blocked by naltrindole.	Potassium	119-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
7907137-7	1994	Fifty percent (22 of 45) of pyramidal cells were hyperpolarized by [Met5]enkephalin; this resulted from an increase in potassium conductance, and it was mimicked by DPDPE and blocked by naltrindole.	naltrindole	186-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
7907137-8	1994	Five of seven nonpyramidal cells were hyperpolarized by [Met5]enkephalin; this was mimicked by DAMGO and blocked by CTOP.	CTOP	116-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8023568-3	1994	The most effective were the influences of ornitin-containing enkephalin analogues.	ornitin	42-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
8013552-3	1994	The potassium (K+)-evoked acetylcholine release from the splanchnic nerve terminals was inhibited by morphine (10 microM), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 and 10 microM), a delta-opioid receptor agonist.	Potassium	4-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
8028772-0	1994	Serotonin innervation of enkephalin containing neurones in the rat spinal trigeminal nucleus.	Serotonin	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8013552-3	1994	The potassium (K+)-evoked acetylcholine release from the splanchnic nerve terminals was inhibited by morphine (10 microM), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 and 10 microM), a delta-opioid receptor agonist.	Acetylcholine	26-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
8013552-3	1994	The potassium (K+)-evoked acetylcholine release from the splanchnic nerve terminals was inhibited by morphine (10 microM), a mu-opioid receptor agonist, and [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 and 10 microM), a delta-opioid receptor agonist.	Morphine	101-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
8294934-7	1994	[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly(ol)5]Enkephalin (DAGO; 0.2 microgram, i.c.v.	mephe4	8-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7908881-5	1994	The inhibitory effect of dynorphin A-(1-13) on [3H]dopamine release, as well as that of [Met5]enkephalin on dopamine D1 receptor-stimulated adenylate cyclase appeared to be unchanged subsequent to repeated or chronic morphine treatment.	Morphine	217-225	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
8025568-9	1994	Especially the relatively large pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin derived peptides, such as dynorphin 1-17 and BAM22, appeared to be very potent ligands for these opioid binding sites and were much more potent than smaller fragments, such as dynorphin 1-8, and Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	dynorphin 1	91-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
8025568-9	1994	Especially the relatively large pro-dynorphin and pro-enkephalin derived peptides, such as dynorphin 1-17 and BAM22, appeared to be very potent ligands for these opioid binding sites and were much more potent than smaller fragments, such as dynorphin 1-8, and Met- and Leu-enkephalin.	dynorphin 1	91-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	273-283
7812809-0	1994	Influence of halothane and methoxyflurane on regional brain and spinal cord concentrations of methionine-enkephalin in the rat.	Methoxyflurane	27-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
8113970-5	1994	In addition, the release-inhibitory effect of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin on the K(+)-induced [3H]noradrenaline release remained unaffected (EC50, 10-12 nM; maximal effect, 80-90%).	mephe4	79-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
8113970-5	1994	In addition, the release-inhibitory effect of the mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin on the K(+)-induced [3H]noradrenaline release remained unaffected (EC50, 10-12 nM; maximal effect, 80-90%).	3h]noradrenaline	127-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
8113971-1	1994	This study characterized the prototypic "minimum structure" enkephalin SC-39566 [2,6-dimethyl-L-tyrosinyl-D-alanine-(3-phenyl-1-propyl)-amide hydrochloride].	2,6-dimethyl-l-tyrosinyl-d-alanine-(3-phenyl-1-propyl)-amide hydrochloride	81-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
8113975-3	1994	In this study, we systematically examined the effects of cations and guanine nucleotides on the binding of mu-agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Met-(O)5-ol]enkephalin in rat spinal cord and brain membranes.	Guanine Nucleotides	69-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
8113975-3	1994	In this study, we systematically examined the effects of cations and guanine nucleotides on the binding of mu-agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Met-(O)5-ol]enkephalin in rat spinal cord and brain membranes.	n-me-phe4	127-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
8113975-3	1994	In this study, we systematically examined the effects of cations and guanine nucleotides on the binding of mu-agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Met-(O)5-ol]enkephalin in rat spinal cord and brain membranes.	met-(o)5-ol	138-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
7507399-4	1994	Met-enkephalin concentrations were significantly elevated in the pons and medulla of intact DDC-treated animals, and in the POA of both intact- and castrated DDC-treated animals.	Ditiocarb	92-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7507399-4	1994	Met-enkephalin concentrations were significantly elevated in the pons and medulla of intact DDC-treated animals, and in the POA of both intact- and castrated DDC-treated animals.	Ditiocarb	158-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8113989-3	1994	The mu-selective opioid agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) inhibited vasodilator responses to sensory-motor nerve stimulation.	n-me-phe4	40-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
7532097-2	1994	Regulation by the beta-adrenergic receptor was demonstrated by exposure of striatal and cortical astrocytes to isoproterenol, which resulted in increased content of mRNAs for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and proenkephalin (PE), as well as NGF and Met-enkephalin.	Isoproterenol	111-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	241-254
7532097-2	1994	Regulation by the beta-adrenergic receptor was demonstrated by exposure of striatal and cortical astrocytes to isoproterenol, which resulted in increased content of mRNAs for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and proenkephalin (PE), as well as NGF and Met-enkephalin.	Isoproterenol	111-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	256-258
7812809-3	1994	In halothane-exposed animals, Met-enkephalin concentrations in pit and across CNS areas studied were significantly lower at 2 h following anesthetic exposure than in control animals.	Halothane	3-12	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
7812809-5	1994	Concentrations of Met-enkephalin in all areas studied except spinal cord returned to basal levels by 24 h following halothane exposure.	Halothane	116-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7812809-6	1994	Exposure to methoxyflurane resulted in less dramatic changes in Met-enkephalin concentrations across CNS regions examined.	Methoxyflurane	12-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7812809-7	1994	Exposure to methoxyflurane resulted in significant decreases in Met-enkephalin levels in olfactory bulb, thalamus, and hippocampus only.	Methoxyflurane	12-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7700858-3	1994	Analgesia was dose dependent, and at 1 microgram the two analogues, the mu-selective enkephalin analogue DAMGO (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-N-Me-Phe-Gly-ol), and morphine, all produced analgesia lasting between 40 and 60 min.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	112-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
8275961-6	1994	This in vivo expression of proenkephalin was enhanced by adrenaline.	Epinephrine	57-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-40
8307125-10	1994	Met-enkephalin (3-10 microM) reduced depolarization-evoked release of GABA from terminals in slices prepared from rat globus pallidus (IC50, 0.38 microM).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	70-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8159434-2	1994	Intravenous injection of Kelatorphan (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), an inhibitor of multiple enkephalin-degrading enzymes, 20 min before noxious stimulation reduced the overall number of dorsal horn neurons expressing c-FOS and NGF1-A by up to 20-30%.	kelatorphan	25-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
7507060-10	1993	After pallidal injections with OX7-saporin, the density of striatal enkephalin-labeled cells decreased (20% loss, P &lt; 0.01), while that of substance P-labeled cells remained unchanged.	OX7-saporin	31-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8118696-1	1993	The opioid growth factor, [Met5]-enkephalin, is an inhibitory agent of cell proliferation and maturation that interacts with the zeta (zeta) opioid receptor to modulate growth.	[met5]	26-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
8253772-3	1993	Recovery of this protein was blocked by the nonselective opioid antagonist naloxone and the highly mu-selective agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Glyol5]-enkephalin but not by the highly delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,4"-Cl-Phe4,D-Pen5]enkephalin when these compounds were added as competitors at the binding step.	n-methyl-phe4	128-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
7694844-1	1993	Single- and double-labeling immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate that the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons of lactating rats, in contrast to those of male or female rats on any day of the estrous cycle, synthesize enkephalin which is colocalized with dopamine.	Dopamine	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	235-245
7694844-2	1993	Each enkephalin-immunopositive perikaryon in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral subdivisions of the arcuate nucleus contains dopamine; therefore, the median eminence of lactating rats contains high levels of enkephalin compared to male or female rats.	Dopamine	124-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
7694844-3	1993	It has been shown that endogenous opiates, including enkephalin, stimulate PRL secretion by reversing the inhibitory action of dopamine at the level of the TIDA neurons.	Dopamine	127-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7694844-4	1993	The present findings suggest that enkephalin, coproduced with dopamine in TIDA neurons of lactating rats, may be an endogenous source for this action and maintain elevated PRL and milk secretion during the nonsuckling periods of lactation.	Dopamine	62-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8290027-4	1993	Injections of phenamine and haloperidol were accompanied by a decrease in the content of dopamine in the striatum and an increase in the level of DOPAC; the injections of enkephalin and naloxone induced changes of the reverse order.	Amphetamine	14-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
8309539-7	1993	The most marked difference between the innervation patterns from enkephalin- and GABA-immunoreactive axons was the presence of bundles of varicose axons in conjunction with the basket-like aggregation of enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	81-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
8248174-6	1993	These peptides represent a class of opioid receptor ligands that we have termed acetalins (acetyl plus enkephalin).	acetalins	80-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
8309964-0	1993	The effects of methionine-enkephalin and its related metabolites upon the duration of the dorsal immobility response in rats.	Methionine	15-25	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
8309964-1	1993	The effects of SC injections of methionine-enkephalin (Met1-5-Enk) and its N-terminal and C-terminal fragments upon the duration of the dorsal immobility response (DIR) over a 60-min time course were investigated.	Methionine	32-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
8287897-4	1993	Pretreatment with [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist, partially but significantly reduced the antitussive effect of naltrindole.	naltrindole	150-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-78
8290027-4	1993	Injections of phenamine and haloperidol were accompanied by a decrease in the content of dopamine in the striatum and an increase in the level of DOPAC; the injections of enkephalin and naloxone induced changes of the reverse order.	Haloperidol	28-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
8290027-4	1993	Injections of phenamine and haloperidol were accompanied by a decrease in the content of dopamine in the striatum and an increase in the level of DOPAC; the injections of enkephalin and naloxone induced changes of the reverse order.	Dopamine	89-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
8290027-4	1993	Injections of phenamine and haloperidol were accompanied by a decrease in the content of dopamine in the striatum and an increase in the level of DOPAC; the injections of enkephalin and naloxone induced changes of the reverse order.	3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid	146-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
8255173-0	1993	Metrazole induction of c-fos and proenkephalin gene expression in the rat adrenal and hippocampus: pharmacological characterization.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-46
8134308-1	1993	N-[1(R,S)-Carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-Ala-Ala-Phe-p-aminobenzoate (cFP-AAF-pAB) is a potent, substrate-related, specific inhibitor of endopeptidase 24.15, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of bioactive peptides including bradykinin, neurotensin, and proenkephalin, and prodynorphin-derived enkephalin precursors.	n-[1(r,s)-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl]-ala-ala-phe-p-aminobenzoate	0-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
8134310-4	1993	Homogenate binding studies, which used whole brain membranes, demonstrated that NPFF decreased the Bmax of mu binding sites (labeled by [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin) from 262 +/- 12 to 192 +/- 12 fmolmg protein, and increased the Kd from 1.1 to 2.3 nM.	Tritium	137-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
8134310-4	1993	Homogenate binding studies, which used whole brain membranes, demonstrated that NPFF decreased the Bmax of mu binding sites (labeled by [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin) from 262 +/- 12 to 192 +/- 12 fmolmg protein, and increased the Kd from 1.1 to 2.3 nM.	gly-ol5	155-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
8134310-6	1993	The density of mu opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin was decreased in all brain areas measured except the corpus callosum, and there was no change in dynorphin mRNA or enkephalin mRNA in the caudate, the nucleus accumbens, or the ventral pallidum.	Tritium	51-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8134310-6	1993	The density of mu opioid binding sites labeled by [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin was decreased in all brain areas measured except the corpus callosum, and there was no change in dynorphin mRNA or enkephalin mRNA in the caudate, the nucleus accumbens, or the ventral pallidum.	gly-ol5	69-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8255173-8	1993	These results demonstrate that the MTZ induction of c-fos and Penk gene expression in the rat adrenal can be modulated by drugs acting in the CNS at NMDA receptors, in the periphery at postsynaptic cholinergic receptors and intracellularly at the calcium/calmodulin signal transduction pathway.	Pentylenetetrazole	35-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
8115038-13	1993	The present results indicate that fetal nigral neurons transplanted to the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned striatum have differential effects on the activity of enkephalin-containing (i.e. mainly striatopallidal) and substance P- or dynorphin-containing (i.e. mainly striatonigral) neurons.	Oxidopamine	75-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
8255173-9	1993	Furthermore, we provide additional evidence that MTZ-induction of c-fos and Penk mRNAs can be dissociated by drugs acting at these sites.	Pentylenetetrazole	49-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
8255173-1	1993	We have previously reported that the administration of metrazole (MTZ) produces a sequential, dose-dependent induction of c-fos and proenkephalin (Penk) gene expression in the rat hippocampus and adrenal.	Pentylenetetrazole	55-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-145
8255173-1	1993	We have previously reported that the administration of metrazole (MTZ) produces a sequential, dose-dependent induction of c-fos and proenkephalin (Penk) gene expression in the rat hippocampus and adrenal.	Pentylenetetrazole	55-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
8255173-1	1993	We have previously reported that the administration of metrazole (MTZ) produces a sequential, dose-dependent induction of c-fos and proenkephalin (Penk) gene expression in the rat hippocampus and adrenal.	Pentylenetetrazole	66-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-145
8255173-1	1993	We have previously reported that the administration of metrazole (MTZ) produces a sequential, dose-dependent induction of c-fos and proenkephalin (Penk) gene expression in the rat hippocampus and adrenal.	Pentylenetetrazole	66-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
7693886-5	1993	The mu-opioid agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) potentiated the response to bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid by 91 and 142%, respectively, in slices cut in the horizontal plane.	N-Methylaspartate	121-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
8308742-2	1993	The electrophysiological action of the mu-opioid receptor-preferring agonist D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(O)5-ol-enkephalin (FK 33-824) on synaptic transmission has been studied in area CA3 of organotypic rat hippocampal slice cultures.	mephe4	85-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
7901035-0	1993	Antinociceptive effect of systemic PC 12, a prodrug mixed inhibitor of enkephalin-degrading enzymes, in normal and arthritic rats.	PC 12 ester	35-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
8395567-7	1993	Of the membrane-associated [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin binding sites, 43 +/- 3% were recovered in the solubilized material.	n-me-phe4	39-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8395567-7	1993	Of the membrane-associated [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin binding sites, 43 +/- 3% were recovered in the solubilized material.	gly5-ol	49-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8395567-8	1993	Guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), GTP, and guanosine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), but not adenylylimidodiphosphate, diminished [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol] enkephalin binding in a concentration-dependent manner.	Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)	0-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
8395567-7	1993	Of the membrane-associated [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin binding sites, 43 +/- 3% were recovered in the solubilized material.	Tritium	28-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
8395567-8	1993	Guanosine 5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), GTP, and guanosine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate), but not adenylylimidodiphosphate, diminished [3H][D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol] enkephalin binding in a concentration-dependent manner.	guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate)	46-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
7693886-5	1993	The mu-opioid agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) potentiated the response to bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid by 91 and 142%, respectively, in slices cut in the horizontal plane.	N-Methylaspartate	143-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7693886-5	1993	The mu-opioid agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAMGO; 1 microM) potentiated the response to bath application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole proprionic acid by 91 and 142%, respectively, in slices cut in the horizontal plane.	alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid	153-211	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
8012472-2	1993	A dose and time dependent increase of the striatal ENK level was observed after chronic administration of atypical neuroleptics SUL or MET as well as after chronic treatment with a classical cataleptogenic neuroleptic HAL.	Haloperidol	218-221	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
8219035-2	1993	The overflow of [3H]serotonin elicited by high potassium (30 mM) in superfused slices of rat hippocampus was significantly inhibited in the presence of two agonists, mu-selective [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta-selective [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in control animals.	Tritium	17-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
8219035-2	1993	The overflow of [3H]serotonin elicited by high potassium (30 mM) in superfused slices of rat hippocampus was significantly inhibited in the presence of two agonists, mu-selective [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta-selective [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in control animals.	Tritium	17-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	261-271
8219035-2	1993	The overflow of [3H]serotonin elicited by high potassium (30 mM) in superfused slices of rat hippocampus was significantly inhibited in the presence of two agonists, mu-selective [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta-selective [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in control animals.	Serotonin	20-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
8219035-2	1993	The overflow of [3H]serotonin elicited by high potassium (30 mM) in superfused slices of rat hippocampus was significantly inhibited in the presence of two agonists, mu-selective [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly5ol]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta-selective [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE) in control animals.	Serotonin	20-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	261-271
8346825-2	1993	Intrathecally administered mu opioids, morphine (MOR), sufentanil (SUF), and [D-Ala2-N-Phe4,Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAG), produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the tail flick and BP response with the relative activity being SUF = DAG &gt; MOR.	[d-ala2-n-phe4	77-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
8102782-0	1993	Metrazole induces the sequential activation of c-fos, proenkephalin, and tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in the rat adrenal gland: modulation by glucocorticoid and adrenocorticotropic hormone.	Pentylenetetrazole	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-67
8394905-4	1993	The hyperpolarization by [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated by the enkephalinase and aminopeptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin and blocked by antagonists selective for either mu receptors ([Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7]somatostatinamide) or delta receptors (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-Phe-Leu-OH).	Thiorphan	109-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8394905-4	1993	The hyperpolarization by [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated by the enkephalinase and aminopeptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin and blocked by antagonists selective for either mu receptors ([Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7]somatostatinamide) or delta receptors (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-Phe-Leu-OH).	ubenimex	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8394905-4	1993	The hyperpolarization by [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated by the enkephalinase and aminopeptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin and blocked by antagonists selective for either mu receptors ([Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7]somatostatinamide) or delta receptors (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-Phe-Leu-OH).	cys2,	195-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8394905-4	1993	The hyperpolarization by [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated by the enkephalinase and aminopeptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin and blocked by antagonists selective for either mu receptors ([Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7]somatostatinamide) or delta receptors (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-Phe-Leu-OH).	orn5,pen7]somatostatinamide	205-232	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8394905-4	1993	The hyperpolarization by [Met5]enkephalin was potentiated by the enkephalinase and aminopeptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin and blocked by antagonists selective for either mu receptors ([Cys2,Tyr3,Orn5,Pen7]somatostatinamide) or delta receptors (N,N-bisallyl-Tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-Phe-Leu-OH).	n,n-bisallyl-tyr-(aminoisobutyrate)2-phe-leu-oh	254-301	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	32-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	32-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	32-55	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	Bicuculline	101-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	2-hydroxysaclofen	145-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
8394905-5	1993	Synaptic potentials mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting at GABAA receptors (blocked by bicuculline) or GABAB receptors (blocked by 2-hydroxysaclofen) were reduced by [Met5]enkephalin, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly5]enkephalin-ol and [D-Pen2,5]enkephalin.	[d-ala2,mephe4	198-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
8346209-0	1993	The cAMP-response-element-binding protein interacts, but Fos protein does not interact, with the proenkephalin enhancer in rat striatum.	Cyclic AMP	4-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-110
8346209-2	1993	This regulatory mechanism has been proposed, in part, because the cAMP response element 2 (CRE-2) site, the key DNA regulatory element within the proenkephalin second-messenger-inducible enhancer, avidly binds AP-1 proteins, including Fos, in vitro.	Cyclic AMP	66-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-159
8346209-3	1993	However, we observe a dissociation in the time course of activation of c-fos and proenkephalin mRNA in rat striatum after administration of the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol.	Haloperidol	176-187	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-94
8393484-9	1993	Replacement of external sodium (80%) with Tris or choline caused (1) an outward current with a decrease in input conductance and (2) an approximately 50% decrease in the met-ENK-induced outward current with a shift in its reversal potential toward EK.	Sodium	24-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
8393484-9	1993	Replacement of external sodium (80%) with Tris or choline caused (1) an outward current with a decrease in input conductance and (2) an approximately 50% decrease in the met-ENK-induced outward current with a shift in its reversal potential toward EK.	Tromethamine	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
8393484-9	1993	Replacement of external sodium (80%) with Tris or choline caused (1) an outward current with a decrease in input conductance and (2) an approximately 50% decrease in the met-ENK-induced outward current with a shift in its reversal potential toward EK.	Choline	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
8393484-11	1993	The met-ENK-induced outward current was almost totally abolished by combined sodium substitution and extracellular Ba2+ in an additive manner.	Sodium	77-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
8393484-11	1993	The met-ENK-induced outward current was almost totally abolished by combined sodium substitution and extracellular Ba2+ in an additive manner.	N-methyl-valyl-amiclenomycin	115-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
8232897-4	1993	To investigate the details of changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide- and methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers in the periventricular preoptic nucleus and medial preoptic nucleus, a grid, made up of 8 x 16 squares (one square corresponding to 50 x 50 microns in the true section), was set on the wall of the third ventricle, and immunoreactivity within each square was measured with an image analyser.	Methionine	78-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
8232897-6	1993	In the estradiol-17 beta-treated rats, calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers increased prominently at day 1, day 7 and day 10 in the periventricular preoptic nucleus, whereas methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibers increased at day 1, day 14 and day 28 in the periventricular preoptic nucleus and medial preoptic nucleus.	Methionine	191-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
8102782-3	1993	We investigated the relationships between the activation of the c-fos gene and the activation of the Penk and TH genes in both rat hippocampus and adrenal using a commonly used model, metrazole (MTZ)-induced convulsions.	Pentylenetetrazole	184-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
8102782-3	1993	We investigated the relationships between the activation of the c-fos gene and the activation of the Penk and TH genes in both rat hippocampus and adrenal using a commonly used model, metrazole (MTZ)-induced convulsions.	Pentylenetetrazole	195-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
7690765-0	1993	Methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity, substance P-like immunoreactivity and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity post-mortem stability in rat pituitary.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
8353937-3	1993	The distribution of Leu-enk and beta-endo differed at each age examined from birth to postnatal day 12 (P12).	Leucine	20-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
8373929-0	1993	Effect of mixed (RB 38A) and selective (RB 38B) inhibitors of enkephalin degrading enzymes on a model of depression in the rat.	rb 38b	40-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8373929-5	1993	On the other hand, naloxone (NLX) was found to facilitate the induction of learned helplessness, and to antagonize the effect of both enkephalin-degrading enzyme inhibitors.	Naloxone	19-27	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
8373929-5	1993	On the other hand, naloxone (NLX) was found to facilitate the induction of learned helplessness, and to antagonize the effect of both enkephalin-degrading enzyme inhibitors.	Naloxone	29-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
8361583-8	1993	These results indicate that enkephalin (i) participates in the pathophysiology of spinal cord trauma and (ii) suggest that the peptide is somehow functionally related with serotonin.	Serotonin	172-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
8361335-2	1993	Recent evidence suggests that gonadal steroids are capable of regulating the expression of proenkephalin (PE) mRNA in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of female, but not male rats.	Steroids	38-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-104
8393519-9	1993	The delta subtype receptors that bind [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin in neonatal or adult brain membranes were unaffected by 0.5-2.5 mg/kg buprenorphine treatment.	Tritium	39-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
8393523-5	1993	Preincubation of rat cortical membranes with an IgG fraction isolated from antiserum OC2 was able to produce a marked reduction in the ability of the synthetic enkephalin [D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) (which interacts with delta and mu but not significantly with kappa receptors) to displace specific binding of [3H] diprenorphine (which binds to all of these sites), demonstrating a clear interaction of the mu and delta receptors with one or more variants of Go.	3h] diprenorphine	318-335	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
8393523-5	1993	Preincubation of rat cortical membranes with an IgG fraction isolated from antiserum OC2 was able to produce a marked reduction in the ability of the synthetic enkephalin [D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) (which interacts with delta and mu but not significantly with kappa receptors) to displace specific binding of [3H] diprenorphine (which binds to all of these sites), demonstrating a clear interaction of the mu and delta receptors with one or more variants of Go.	3h] diprenorphine	318-335	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
8393525-7	1993	This site also displayed nanomolar affinity for [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-selective agonist, whereas its affinities for the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50488 were in the micromolar range.	n-me-phe4	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8393525-7	1993	This site also displayed nanomolar affinity for [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-selective agonist, whereas its affinities for the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50488 were in the micromolar range.	n-me-phe4	56-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
8393525-7	1993	This site also displayed nanomolar affinity for [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAGO), a mu-selective agonist, whereas its affinities for the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50488 were in the micromolar range.	3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer	227-234	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8395956-1	1993	An in vitro autoradiographic study was performed to characterize specific rat brain binding sites for non-opioid neuroleptic-like gamma-type endorphins, using [35S]Met-des-enkephalin-gamma-endorphin ([35S]Met-DE gamma E; [35]S-beta-endorphins(5-17)) with high specific activity as radioligand.	Diethylstilbestrol	168-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
8353937-8	1993	The time course of development of Leu-enk and beta-endo innervation of the medial preoptic area suggests that the sexually dimorphic expression of opioid immunoreactivity occurs after preoptic neurons appear in their sexually dimorphic configuration.	Leucine	34-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
8337918-7	1993	Significant effects could be demonstrated only on neurotensin and enkephalin mRNA after ether and immobilization stress.	Ether	88-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
8499351-6	1993	Our results suggest the involvement of EOPs--including [Met5]-enkephalin--as autocrine/paracrine factors in the PG antagonism on OE-induced uterine DNA synthesis.	Progesterone	112-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8347898-5	1993	We report that rat nylon wool enriched splenocytes, purified NK cells, and interleukin-2 activated NK (A-NK) cells were capable of hydrolyzing the N-terminal Tyr residue from Met- and Leu-enkephalin as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.	nylon wool	19-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
8347898-5	1993	We report that rat nylon wool enriched splenocytes, purified NK cells, and interleukin-2 activated NK (A-NK) cells were capable of hydrolyzing the N-terminal Tyr residue from Met- and Leu-enkephalin as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.	Tyrosine	158-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
8347898-6	1993	The rate of Tyr cleavage from Met-enkephalin was approximately twice that of Leu-enkephalin for both splenocytes, NK, and A-NK cells.	Tyrosine	12-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8513136-1	1993	Dopamine exerts a tonic inhibitory control in the regulation of mRNA encoding preproenkephalin (PPE), the precursor of enkephalin, in the dorsal part of the rat striatum.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
8413825-3	1993	Free met-enkephalin was secreted from the cultures in significant quantities in response to nonspecific depolarisation with 56 mM potassium, by a mechanism dependent upon extracellular calcium.	Potassium	130-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
8413825-3	1993	Free met-enkephalin was secreted from the cultures in significant quantities in response to nonspecific depolarisation with 56 mM potassium, by a mechanism dependent upon extracellular calcium.	Calcium	185-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
8100047-0	1993	Comparison of immunohistochemical localization of [Met5] enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and tyrosine hydroxylase in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat.	arg6-gly7-leu8	68-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
8100047-7	1993	[Met5]Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactive principal neurons formed a minor subpopulation in the ganglion and were not immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase.	arg6-gly7-leu8	17-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
8386089-10	1993	Furthermore, the antinociceptive properties of [D-Tca1]CTAP were antagonized by (naltrindole-5"-isothiocyanate) (5"-NTII), an antagonist at the delta 2 opioid receptor subtype, but not by the delta 1 antagonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Cys6]enkephalin (DALCE).	[d-tca1]ctap	47-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
8487949-0	1993	Dopamine decreases striatal enkephalin turnover and proenkephalin messenger RNA abundance via D2 receptor activation in primary striatal cell cultures.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-65
8487949-3	1993	In these conditions, pharmacological treatment of the striatal neurons on the 10th day in vitro for 48 h with 10(-6) M dopamine induced a 50% decrease in preproenkephalin mRNA level concomitant with a 50% decrease in methionine enkephalin neuronal content.	Dopamine	119-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
8487949-5	1993	The decrease in methionine enkephalin neuronal content induced by dopamine or bromocriptine was reversed by the simultaneous application of sulpiride (10(-6) M), a selective D2 antagonist.	Dopamine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8487949-5	1993	The decrease in methionine enkephalin neuronal content induced by dopamine or bromocriptine was reversed by the simultaneous application of sulpiride (10(-6) M), a selective D2 antagonist.	Bromocriptine	78-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8487949-5	1993	The decrease in methionine enkephalin neuronal content induced by dopamine or bromocriptine was reversed by the simultaneous application of sulpiride (10(-6) M), a selective D2 antagonist.	Sulpiride	140-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8487949-7	1993	To ensure dopamine regulation of enkephalin secretion, shorter dopaminergic treatments were performed.	Dopamine	10-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
8356473-4	1993	The results show that L-Enk content in the striatum and hypothalamus of rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen environment were markedly higher than that of rats exposed to normobaric air and normoxic hyperbaric nitrox.	Oxygen	99-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
8356473-4	1993	The results show that L-Enk content in the striatum and hypothalamus of rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen environment were markedly higher than that of rats exposed to normobaric air and normoxic hyperbaric nitrox.	nitrox	207-213	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
8386089-10	1993	Furthermore, the antinociceptive properties of [D-Tca1]CTAP were antagonized by (naltrindole-5"-isothiocyanate) (5"-NTII), an antagonist at the delta 2 opioid receptor subtype, but not by the delta 1 antagonist [D-Ala2,D-Leu5,Cys6]enkephalin (DALCE).	5"-ntii	113-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
1300504-0	1992	Differential increases of neurokinin B- and enkephalin-like immunoreactivities and their mRNAs after chronic haloperidol treatment in the rat.	Haloperidol	109-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
8483796-1	1993	We examined experience-dependent alterations in the production of individual enkephalin metabolites during Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis in rat plasma in vitro.	Leucine	107-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8483796-1	1993	We examined experience-dependent alterations in the production of individual enkephalin metabolites during Leu-enkephalin hydrolysis in rat plasma in vitro.	Leucine	107-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
8457842-0	1993	The role of wet-dog shakes during amygdaloid electrical and methionine-enkephalin kindling in the rat.	Methionine	60-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
8458404-1	1993	Blockade of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors for 5 h with MK 801 resulted in elevated levels of proenkephalin mRNA (up to 40% above vehicle-injected controls) in medial and anterior aspects of the caudate-putamen (mCPU and aCPU) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc).	Dizocilpine Maleate	63-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-114
8095712-5	1993	Methionine enkephalin immunoreactivity was not consistently detectable until postnatal day 10 and 15 in the rostral and caudal globus pallidus, respectively.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
8259344-5	1993	TRH, the enkephalin analog [D-Ala2-D-Leu5]enkephalin and rat prolactin do not inhibit the degradation of [pGlu-3H]LHRH by the soluble fraction of prostate homogenate; on the contrary, this is inhibited by graded doses of somatostatin.	[d-ala2-d-leu5	27-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
7903185-11	1993	There was a marked increase in striatal methionine enkephalin immunostaining in lesioned animals, which was most pronounced in the dorsolateral part of the striatum (+ 150% compared to control values), while in the ventral part it was slight or non-existent.	Methionine	40-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8383062-0	1993	Cocaine-like discriminative stimulus properties of the delta-selective opioid receptor agonist, [D-Pen2,L-Pen5]enkephalin, in the rat.	Cocaine	0-7	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
8374809-2	1993	The enkephalin-like neuronal elements were immunoreacted by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and silver-gold intensified, which showed strongly and was specific.	silver-gold	101-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8374809-4	1993	GABA-like neural somata were postsynaptic to both the enkephalin-like immunoreactive and the non-immunoreactive axon terminals.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
8374809-5	1993	The enkephalin-like immunoreactive axon terminals were also found to synapse GABA-like immunoreactive dendrites.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	77-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7846380-0	1993	Changes in hypothalamic met-enkephalin levels of rats induced by painful stimulation and morphine treatment.	Morphine	89-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
7846380-4	1993	In animals submitted to painful stimulus, morphine treatment induced a decrease in hypothalamic met-enkephalin levels.	Morphine	42-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Norepinephrine	85-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
1489252-0	1992	Synthesis and inhibitory activities against enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase of H-Trp(Nps)-Lys-OMe analogues bearing chelating groups.	h-trp	83-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1489252-0	1992	Synthesis and inhibitory activities against enkephalin degrading aminopeptidase of H-Trp(Nps)-Lys-OMe analogues bearing chelating groups.	lys-ome	94-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Pilocarpine	34-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Pilocarpine	34-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Reserpine	50-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
1369586-3	1992	Acute administration of nicotine, pilocarpine and reserpine to 24-hour-old rats increased the content of enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP) after 72 h (4-day-old rats) and activated the posttranslational processing of proenkephalin to high, intermediate and low molecular weight peptides respectively, although free met-enkephalin was not produced.	Reserpine	50-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
1369586-5	1992	Chronic administration of dexamethasone increased ECP levels in the adrenal of 4-day-old rats and caused proenkephalin processing to intermediate- and low-molecular-weight products including the production of free met-enkephalin.	Dexamethasone	26-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
1486489-2	1992	A highly specific radioimmunoassay was developed for determination of Met-ENK (H-Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-OH).	Enkephalin, Methionine	79-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
1486489-4	1992	Met-ENK-like immunoreactivity (Met-ENK-LI) is enriched in the purified synaptosomal fraction of rat forebrain homogenates and is released in a strictly Ca(2+)-dependent manner upon chemical depolarization or stimulation with the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin.	Ionomycin	245-254	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1486489-4	1992	Met-ENK-like immunoreactivity (Met-ENK-LI) is enriched in the purified synaptosomal fraction of rat forebrain homogenates and is released in a strictly Ca(2+)-dependent manner upon chemical depolarization or stimulation with the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin.	Ionomycin	245-254	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
1486489-6	1992	Barium ions are able to replace Ca2+ in triggering Met-ENK-LI release.	Barium	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
1341708-1	1992	Mechanisms of cathepsin B activation involved in methionine-enkephalin (ME) production induced by bradykinin (BK), des-Arg9-BK or L-arginine (L-Arg) were studied using cultured fibroblasts of the rat dental pulp, especially from a viewpoint of intracellular signal transduction.	Arginine	130-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
1341708-1	1992	Mechanisms of cathepsin B activation involved in methionine-enkephalin (ME) production induced by bradykinin (BK), des-Arg9-BK or L-arginine (L-Arg) were studied using cultured fibroblasts of the rat dental pulp, especially from a viewpoint of intracellular signal transduction.	Arginine	142-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Norepinephrine	85-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Dexamethasone	169-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Dexamethasone	169-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Dexamethasone	169-182	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	299-303
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Dexamethasone	242-255	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
19912895-1	1992	The expression of proenkephalin (PENK) mRNA in C6 rat glioma cells was stimulated by norepinephrine (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and markedly enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone (a glucocorticoid agonist) to the culture medium, although dexamethasone alone exhibited no significant increase in PENK mRNA.	Dexamethasone	242-255	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
19912895-5	1992	Together, they suggest that activation of PENK gene in C6 cells is probably mediated mainly through the, beta-adrenergic agonist-elicited cyclic AMP signal pathway, and induction of AP-1 and kappaB-like binding activities appear not to participate in gene activation.	Cyclic AMP	138-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
1279991-10	1992	It was determined by column chromatography that cAMP induced neonatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cells to secrete Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, whereas PMA plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine induced adult rat ventricular cardiac muscle cells to secrete Met5-enkephalin.	Cyclic AMP	48-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
1425427-0	1992	Posttranslational processing of proenkephalin in AtT-20 cells: evidence for cleavage at a Lys-Lys site.	Lysine	90-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-45
1425427-0	1992	Posttranslational processing of proenkephalin in AtT-20 cells: evidence for cleavage at a Lys-Lys site.	Lysine	94-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-45
1425427-2	1992	Proenkephalin is synthesized in both N-glycosylated and unglycosylated forms, as demonstrated by treatment with tunicamycin.	Tunicamycin	112-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-6	1992	Radiosequencing results verified the efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site within proenkephalin that resulted in the production of the 5.3-kDa peptide.	Lysine	61-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-94
1425427-6	1992	Radiosequencing results verified the efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site within proenkephalin that resulted in the production of the 5.3-kDa peptide.	Lysine	65-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	81-94
1425427-7	1992	Proenkephalin cleavage products stored within cells, which included the 5.3-kDa peptide, could be released upon stimulation of cells with BaCl2 (2-fold above basal levels), 8-bromo-cAMP or CRF (7- and 8-fold above basal levels, respectively), and a mixture of BaCl2 and 8-bromo-cAMP (20-fold above basal levels).	barium chloride	138-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-7	1992	Proenkephalin cleavage products stored within cells, which included the 5.3-kDa peptide, could be released upon stimulation of cells with BaCl2 (2-fold above basal levels), 8-bromo-cAMP or CRF (7- and 8-fold above basal levels, respectively), and a mixture of BaCl2 and 8-bromo-cAMP (20-fold above basal levels).	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	173-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-7	1992	Proenkephalin cleavage products stored within cells, which included the 5.3-kDa peptide, could be released upon stimulation of cells with BaCl2 (2-fold above basal levels), 8-bromo-cAMP or CRF (7- and 8-fold above basal levels, respectively), and a mixture of BaCl2 and 8-bromo-cAMP (20-fold above basal levels).	barium chloride	260-265	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-7	1992	Proenkephalin cleavage products stored within cells, which included the 5.3-kDa peptide, could be released upon stimulation of cells with BaCl2 (2-fold above basal levels), 8-bromo-cAMP or CRF (7- and 8-fold above basal levels, respectively), and a mixture of BaCl2 and 8-bromo-cAMP (20-fold above basal levels).	8-bromo-	173-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-7	1992	Proenkephalin cleavage products stored within cells, which included the 5.3-kDa peptide, could be released upon stimulation of cells with BaCl2 (2-fold above basal levels), 8-bromo-cAMP or CRF (7- and 8-fold above basal levels, respectively), and a mixture of BaCl2 and 8-bromo-cAMP (20-fold above basal levels).	Cyclic AMP	181-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1425427-8	1992	An important difference between the processing of proenkephalin and the ACTH/endorphin precursor (POMC) in AtT-20 cells is efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site in proenkephalin and not in POMC.	Lysine	147-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-63
1425427-8	1992	An important difference between the processing of proenkephalin and the ACTH/endorphin precursor (POMC) in AtT-20 cells is efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site in proenkephalin and not in POMC.	Lysine	147-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-176
1425427-8	1992	An important difference between the processing of proenkephalin and the ACTH/endorphin precursor (POMC) in AtT-20 cells is efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site in proenkephalin and not in POMC.	Lysine	151-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-63
1425427-8	1992	An important difference between the processing of proenkephalin and the ACTH/endorphin precursor (POMC) in AtT-20 cells is efficient cleavage of a Lys-Lys site in proenkephalin and not in POMC.	Lysine	151-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-176
1425427-9	1992	The ability of AT/PE to process proenkephalin in a natural manner makes it a suitable model system to investigate elements involved in the processing of proenkephalin at Lys-Lys sites.	Lysine	170-173	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-166
1425427-9	1992	The ability of AT/PE to process proenkephalin in a natural manner makes it a suitable model system to investigate elements involved in the processing of proenkephalin at Lys-Lys sites.	Lysine	174-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-166
1279991-10	1992	It was determined by column chromatography that cAMP induced neonatal rat ventricular cardiac muscle cells to secrete Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, whereas PMA plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine induced adult rat ventricular cardiac muscle cells to secrete Met5-enkephalin.	Cyclic AMP	48-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
1337380-3	1992	A previous study indicated that [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin labels two binding sites in membranes depleted of mu binding sites by pretreatment with the site-directed acylating agent, 2-(p-ethoxybenzyl)-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-isothiocyanatobenzimid azole-HCI (BIT).	2-(p-ethoxybenzyl)-1-diethylaminoethyl-5-isothiocyanatobenzimid azole-hci	185-258	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1475022-3	1992	Using circling behavior as a motor index, it was determined that injection of metabolically stable analogs of enkephalin, directly into the ventral pallidum, produced a dose-dependent, naloxone-antagonizable, increase in the number of rats rotating contralateral to the injected side, as well as the rate at which the animals turned.	Naloxone	185-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1475022-4	1992	The frequency of the contralateral rotation, induced by intra-ventral pallidal injection of DADL (which closely mimics the endogenous enkephalin peptides, exhibiting a high affinity for the delta receptor with a moderate affinity for mu receptors), increased with intraperitoneal pretreatment with amphetamine, suggesting that enhanced release of catecholamines potentiated effects of opioids in the ventral pallidum.	Amphetamine	298-309	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
1475022-4	1992	The frequency of the contralateral rotation, induced by intra-ventral pallidal injection of DADL (which closely mimics the endogenous enkephalin peptides, exhibiting a high affinity for the delta receptor with a moderate affinity for mu receptors), increased with intraperitoneal pretreatment with amphetamine, suggesting that enhanced release of catecholamines potentiated effects of opioids in the ventral pallidum.	Catecholamines	347-361	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
1385013-7	1992	After colchicine treatment, the number of SP-, NPY-, ENK- and CGRP-IR neurons appeared to increase, while that of VIP- and TH-IR neurons did not change significantly.	Colchicine	6-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
1433221-0	1992	Synthesis and conformational properties of the lanthionine-bridged opioid peptide [D-AlaL2,AlaL5]enkephalin as determined by NMR and computer simulations.	lanthionine	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
1331675-0	1992	Reserpine treatment stimulates enkephalin and D2 dopamine receptor gene expression in the rat striatum.	Reserpine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
1424102-1	1992	The s.c. administration of [Met5]-enkephalin to 10-day-old rats pretreated with the mixture of 3 peptidase inhibitors, amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, produced the inhibition of tail-flick response and loss of righting reflex.	amastatin	119-128	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1424102-1	1992	The s.c. administration of [Met5]-enkephalin to 10-day-old rats pretreated with the mixture of 3 peptidase inhibitors, amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, produced the inhibition of tail-flick response and loss of righting reflex.	Captopril	130-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1424102-1	1992	The s.c. administration of [Met5]-enkephalin to 10-day-old rats pretreated with the mixture of 3 peptidase inhibitors, amastatin, captopril and phosphoramidon, produced the inhibition of tail-flick response and loss of righting reflex.	phosphoramidon	144-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1424102-3	1992	Additionally, the fact that the two enkephalin-induced effects were more effectively antagonized by naloxone, a relatively selective mu-opioid antagonist, than by naltrindole, a specific delta-antagonist, or by nor-binaltorphimine, a specific kappa-antagonist, showed that these two effects were produced by the interaction of enkephalin with mu receptors.	Naloxone	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1424102-3	1992	Additionally, the fact that the two enkephalin-induced effects were more effectively antagonized by naloxone, a relatively selective mu-opioid antagonist, than by naltrindole, a specific delta-antagonist, or by nor-binaltorphimine, a specific kappa-antagonist, showed that these two effects were produced by the interaction of enkephalin with mu receptors.	Naloxone	100-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	327-337
1424102-3	1992	Additionally, the fact that the two enkephalin-induced effects were more effectively antagonized by naloxone, a relatively selective mu-opioid antagonist, than by naltrindole, a specific delta-antagonist, or by nor-binaltorphimine, a specific kappa-antagonist, showed that these two effects were produced by the interaction of enkephalin with mu receptors.	norbinaltorphimine	211-230	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1424102-4	1992	Moreover the involvement of mu receptors in the production of these two effects was shown by the fact that the s.c. administration of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a selective mu agonist, also produced these two effects which were more effectively antagonized by naloxone than by naltrindole or nor-binaltorphimine.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	134-151	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
1424102-4	1992	Moreover the involvement of mu receptors in the production of these two effects was shown by the fact that the s.c. administration of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a selective mu agonist, also produced these two effects which were more effectively antagonized by naloxone than by naltrindole or nor-binaltorphimine.	Naloxone	272-280	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
1424102-4	1992	Moreover the involvement of mu receptors in the production of these two effects was shown by the fact that the s.c. administration of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a selective mu agonist, also produced these two effects which were more effectively antagonized by naloxone than by naltrindole or nor-binaltorphimine.	naltrindole	289-300	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
1424102-4	1992	Moreover the involvement of mu receptors in the production of these two effects was shown by the fact that the s.c. administration of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin, a selective mu agonist, also produced these two effects which were more effectively antagonized by naloxone than by naltrindole or nor-binaltorphimine.	norbinaltorphimine	304-323	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
1359374-2	1992	35S-labelled oligonucleotide probes for mRNA of enkephalin (ENK), dynorphin (DYN) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were hybridized to brain sections of rats sacrificed 24 h after a stage 1 or stage 5 seizure, or 2 weeks after a stage 5 seizure.	Sulfur-35	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
1359374-2	1992	35S-labelled oligonucleotide probes for mRNA of enkephalin (ENK), dynorphin (DYN) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were hybridized to brain sections of rats sacrificed 24 h after a stage 1 or stage 5 seizure, or 2 weeks after a stage 5 seizure.	Sulfur-35	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
1360320-3	1992	The increased EPSP amplitudes resulting from superfusion with the enkephalin analogs were qualitatively similar to those caused by the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BMI).	bicuculline methiodide	186-189	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
1360320-8	1992	Despite the fact that the delta agonist, DPDPE, had no effect on recurrent, feed-forward or monosynaptic evoked IPSPs, this enkephalin did reversibly reduce the frequency of spontaneously occurring IPSPs, measured using whole-cell recordings with pipettes containing 65 mM KCl.	Potassium Chloride	273-276	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1445662-5	1992	The kappa agonist U50,488 promoted rearlimb activity in the absence of milk, whereas the mu agonist [D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) exerted little influence on fetal behavior.	nme-phe4	108-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
1328516-2	1992	Concomitantly, the fatty acids, but not the methyl esters, inhibited the specific binding of the tritiated mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioids Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol (DAMGO), [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE), and U69,593, respectively.	Fatty Acids	19-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
1436504-7	1992	Conversely, treatment with either haloperidol or SCH23390 for two weeks did not induce any detectable changes in cholecystokinin messenger RNA expression in the striatum while, as expected, an increase in the striatal enkephalin messenger RNA content was observed.	Haloperidol	34-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
1436504-7	1992	Conversely, treatment with either haloperidol or SCH23390 for two weeks did not induce any detectable changes in cholecystokinin messenger RNA expression in the striatum while, as expected, an increase in the striatal enkephalin messenger RNA content was observed.	SCH 23390	49-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
1356595-6	1992	In addition, the content of either of the opioids enkephalin or dynorphin appears to distinguish subsets of medullary catecholamine neurons.	Catecholamines	118-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
1438884-10	1992	Methionine-enkephalin (5 micrograms/ml) significantly reduced the thromboxane release from venous tissue slices.	Thromboxanes	66-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
1385171-4	1992	Administration of L-DOPA to sham-operated rats bilaterally increased SP levels in striatum and substantia nigra, and [Met5]enkephalin and CCK content in substantia nigra.	Levodopa	18-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
1322969-1	1992	An opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,Me-Phe4,Glyol5]enkephalin (DAMGE), decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of fetal rat brain cell aggregates.	me-phe4	36-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1322969-1	1992	An opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,Me-Phe4,Glyol5]enkephalin (DAMGE), decreased [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of fetal rat brain cell aggregates.	Tritium	82-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1322969-7	1992	The enkephalin analog also reduced basal [3H]inositol trisphosphate and glutamate-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate accumulation in the aggregates.	[3h]inositol trisphosphate	41-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1322969-7	1992	The enkephalin analog also reduced basal [3H]inositol trisphosphate and glutamate-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate accumulation in the aggregates.	Glutamic Acid	72-81	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1322969-7	1992	The enkephalin analog also reduced basal [3H]inositol trisphosphate and glutamate-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate accumulation in the aggregates.	[3h]inositol monophosphate	93-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1322969-7	1992	The enkephalin analog also reduced basal [3H]inositol trisphosphate and glutamate-stimulated [3H]inositol monophosphate and [3H]inositol bisphosphate accumulation in the aggregates.	[3h]inositol bisphosphate	124-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1385171-5	1992	L-DOPA treatment of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats increased [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin and CCK levels in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion but not on the intact side.	Levodopa	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
1385171-5	1992	L-DOPA treatment of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats increased [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin and CCK levels in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion but not on the intact side.	Oxidopamine	20-26	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
1385171-6	1992	In the substantia nigra, the lesion-induced decrease in [Leu5]enkephalin and SP was reversed by L-DOPA treatment, [Met5]enkephalin and CCK levels ipsilateral to the lesion were further enhanced, and there was an increase in NT ipsilateral to the lesion.	Levodopa	96-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1385171-7	1992	Cryptic [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin increased in the ipsilateral striatum following an 6-OHDA lesion.	Oxidopamine	88-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1436490-6	1992	Fine structural investigation revealed that GABA-like immunoreactivity was confined in the nerve endings to the clear synaptic vesicles of 40 nm diameter, whereas the immunogold particles, indicating the occurrence of [Met]enkephalin, were located over the large dense-cored vesicles of 120 nm diameter.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	44-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
1426581-0	1992	Regulation of glutamate decarboxylase and enkephalin mRNA levels in rat striatum by chronic benzodiazepine treatment.	Benzodiazepines	92-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
1634078-7	1992	Plasma methionine-enkephalin levels in both cholestatic plasma and plasma from sham-operated animals were stable when incubated in vitro despite the presence of undiminished activity of the major enkephalin-degrading enzymes.	Methionine	7-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
1327405-5	1992	In the activity studies, morphine sulfate (mixed mu and delta agonist; 0.025, 0.25 and 2.5 micrograms/0.5 microliter) caused an initial inhibition followed by a disinhibition of activity while [D-Ala2-Met5]-enkephalin (DALA) (mixed mu and delta agonist; 0.25, 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter) elicited an immediate potentiation of locomotor activity.	Morphine	25-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	207-217
1327405-7	1992	In contrast, [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPEN; delta agonist; 0.02, 0.2 and 2.0 micrograms/0.5 microliter) induced an immediate, but relatively short-lasting activation.	dpen	36-40	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
1353443-6	1992	Among the substances proposed as biochemical markers of PC12 cell differentiation toward chromaffin cells is the endogenous opioid precursor proenkephalin and its posttranslational peptide products.	chromaffin	89-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-154
1353443-7	1992	Indeed, the proenkephalin gene is expressed in both adrenal chromaffin and PC12 cells.	chromaffin	60-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-25
1353443-16	1992	Thus, it appears that after cholinergic stimulation, PC12 dynorphin is cosecreted with catecholamines, a phenomenon described for a number of neuropeptides, including the proenkephalin-derived opioids.	pc12 dynorphin	53-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-184
1353443-16	1992	Thus, it appears that after cholinergic stimulation, PC12 dynorphin is cosecreted with catecholamines, a phenomenon described for a number of neuropeptides, including the proenkephalin-derived opioids.	Catecholamines	87-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-184
1359616-3	1992	The present study attempted to elucidate whether L-cysteine produces long-term changes in neurotransmitter (dopamine; 5-hydroxytryptamine) or neuropeptide (Met5-enkephalin; dynorphin A (1-8); substance P) systems as a corollary to neonatal treatment with L-cysteine.	Cysteine	49-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
1436641-2	1992	Thioacetamide treatment was associated with an 8.7-fold increase in plasma immunoreactive methionine enkephalin levels (P less than or equal to 0.005) 24 h after treatment.	Thioacetamide	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
1327824-1	1992	L-arginine is considered to be a precursor substance of kyotorphin (tyrosyl-arginine), a [Met5]enkephalin releaser with antinociceptive action.	Arginine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
1327824-1	1992	L-arginine is considered to be a precursor substance of kyotorphin (tyrosyl-arginine), a [Met5]enkephalin releaser with antinociceptive action.	tyrosylarginine	68-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
1321951-3	1992	A significant increase was also observed with the mu-selective agonists (N-methyl-Phe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin, dermorphin, and (D-Ala2-N-methyl-Phe4-Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAGO).	n-methyl-phe3,d-pro4)-morphiceptin	73-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
1331998-2	1992	The effects of the selective delta peptide, DPDPE ([2-D-penicillamine,5-D-penicillamine]enkephalin), on morphine-induced EEG and EEG power spectra were assessed.	Morphine	104-112	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
1320122-0	1992	Ring substituted and other conformationally constrained tyrosine analogues of [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin with delta opioid receptor selectivity.	Tyrosine	56-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	cyclic-disulfide	33-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	cyclic-disulfide	33-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	Nitrogen Dioxide	190-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	Nitrogen Dioxide	190-193	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	beta-methyltyrosine	267-286	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1320122-1	1992	The conformationally restricted, cyclic disulfide-containing delta opioid receptor selective enkephalin analogue [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE) was modified by 2" (CH3) and 3" (I, OCH3, NO2, NH2) ring substitutions and by beta-methyl conformationally constrained beta-methyltyrosine derivatives in the 1 position.	beta-methyltyrosine	267-286	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1379635-11	1992	In the ventrolateral medulla, ENK-ir neurons were distributed in a conical caudorostral column throughout the PGi.	2cer	110-113	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1379635-12	1992	Retrograde transport of a WGA-colloidal gold conjugate (WGA-apoHRP-Au) from LC, combined with immunohistochemistry for ENK in the same tissue sections, revealed that LC afferents in the PGi and PrH were interdigitated with ENK-ir neurons.	2cer	186-189	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
1379635-14	1992	Overall, 57% and 56% of the LC-projecting neurons in PGi and PrH, respectively, were also immunoreactive for ENK, suggesting that enkephalinergic neurons of PGi and PrH are major afferents to noradrenergic LC neurons.	2cer	53-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
1379635-14	1992	Overall, 57% and 56% of the LC-projecting neurons in PGi and PrH, respectively, were also immunoreactive for ENK, suggesting that enkephalinergic neurons of PGi and PrH are major afferents to noradrenergic LC neurons.	2cer	157-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
1515935-6	1992	These results suggest that enkephalin is present both in GABAergic neurones and in neurones which do not contain GABA within the rat superficial dorsal horn.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	57-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1321951-6	1992	The stimulatory responses of Leu-enkephalin, beta-endorphin, dynorphin A, and delta-selective agonists were counteracted by naltrindole with pA2 values of 9.39-8.93, whereas naloxone was less potent (pA2 = 8.17-7.59).	naltrindole	124-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1521577-3	1992	The content in the gland of proenkephalin A-derived peptides Met5-enkephalin, Leu5-enkephalin, Met5-enkephalin Arg6-Phe7 and Met5-enkephalin Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 indicates tissue specific processing with an enhancement of the heptapeptide.	arg6-gly7-leu8	141-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-43
1521577-5	1992	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin, the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by Met5-enk, Leu5-enk, Met5-enk Arg6-Phe7 and DALA were identical.	Thiorphan	44-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
1521577-5	1992	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin, the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by Met5-enk, Leu5-enk, Met5-enk Arg6-Phe7 and DALA were identical.	Colforsin	86-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
1521577-5	1992	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin, the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by Met5-enk, Leu5-enk, Met5-enk Arg6-Phe7 and DALA were identical.	Colforsin	86-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
1521577-5	1992	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors thiorphan and bestatin, the inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by Met5-enk, Leu5-enk, Met5-enk Arg6-Phe7 and DALA were identical.	Colforsin	86-95	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
1521577-7	1992	Addition of the octapeptide, Met5-enk Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 resulted in decreased adenylate cyclase activity; however, the effect was not statistically significant.	arg6-gly7-leu8	38-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
1463228-4	1992	The rats were administered enkephalin analogues--DAGO, DADL and naloxone.	Naloxone	64-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1356580-7	1992	In comparison to values from lesioned, vehicle-treated controls, intermittent administration of SKF 38393 reduced somatostatin and neuropeptide Y (down 61% and 57%, respectively), increased neurotensin (up 105%) and dynorphin (up 184%) and had no effect on enkephalin; continuous SKF 38393 decreased neuropeptide Y by 39% but did not alter levels of the other peptides.	1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-7-sulfonamide	96-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
1356580-8	1992	Continuous quinpirole elevated somatostatin and neuropeptide Y levels (up 43% and 33%, respectively), but reduced the lesion-induced increases in both neurotensin (down 51%) and enkephalin (down 24%) content.	Quinpirole	11-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-188
1617531-0	1992	Microdialysis of noradrenaline in rostral ventrolateral medulla after intravenous methionine enkephalin administration in anesthetized rats.	Norepinephrine	17-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1617531-3	1992	A microdialysis probe was stereotaxically implanted in the C1 area to dialyze monoamines during intravenous administration of met-enkephalin.	monoamines	78-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
1617531-7	1992	Intravenous infusion of 100 micrograms/kg/min met-enkephalin increased the extracellular concentration of noradrenaline in the C1 area.	Norepinephrine	106-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
1617531-8	1992	There was a differential blockade by naloxone of the hypotensive action of met-enkephalin after intravenous or C1 administration.	Naloxone	37-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
1498660-6	1992	In contrast, the A12 dopamine neurons, which regulate prolactin secretion by inhibition, showed a roughly 70% contact rate with dynorphin axons (P less than 0.001) with Met-enkephalin and ACTH contact rates remaining low at 20 and 5% respectively.	Dopamine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
1396996-0	1992	Release of immunoreactive [Met5]enkephalin and cholecystokinin from the spinal cord by beta-endorphin administered intraventricularly in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat.	Pentobarbital	141-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
1396996-2	1992	induced the release of immunoreactive [Met5]enkephalin and sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8s) from the spinal cord in the pentobarbital-anesthetized rat.	Pentobarbital	133-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1617455-1	1992	It has already been demonstrated that chronic treatment with the dopamine receptor blocker, haloperidol, results in an increase of proenkephalin-A-derived peptides in the caudate-putamen (CP).	Haloperidol	92-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-146
1611659-1	1992	In situ hybridization with an oligonucleotidic 35S-labelled probe complementary to the 388-435 coding region of rat proenkephalin mRNA seems to show a colocalization between synthesis and storage sites of methionine-enkephalin(MK)-like substances only in young cellular stages of the ovotestis and in several neurons of cerebral, parietal and pleural ganglia.	Sulfur-35	47-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
1334871-0	1992	[Changes in the catecholamine level in a dialysate of the striatum with the chronic administration into it of an enkephalin-like tetrapeptide causing catalepsy in rats].	Catecholamines	16-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
1376635-2	1992	Administration of apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, elevated the level of 35 kDa Fos-related antigen which co-localized with dynorphin and substance P, but not enkephalin, in striatal neurons.	Apomorphine	18-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
1331430-8	1992	The enkephalin action on the mEPSC frequency was blocked by naloxone.	Naloxone	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1511281-0	1992	Semi-quantitative analysis of the effects of estrogen on CGRP- and methionine-enkephalin-immunoreactivity in the periventricular preoptic nucleus and the medial preoptic area of female rats.	Methionine	67-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
1504729-4	1992	Intravenous administration of morphine (0.75-3 mg kg-1) or the peripherally acting enkephalin analogue, BW443C (0.75-3 mg kg-1), substantially augmented acid secretion in basal conditions.	BW 443C	104-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	4-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	leucinthiol	20-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	Cysteamine	33-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1374283-7	1992	Flocculent DAB reaction product was distributed over membraneous structures in ENK-ir fibers and terminals.	3,3'-Diaminobenzidine	11-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	Cysteine	48-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl	141-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	3-Nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl chloride	170-174	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	disulphides	196-207	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-1	1992	The thiol groups of leucinthiol, cysteamine and cysteine incorporated into opioid peptides enkephalin and morphiceptin were activated by the 3-nitro-2-pyridinesulphenyl (Npys) group to form mixed disulphides highly reactive to a free thiol.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	26-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1325466-2	1992	Enkephalin analogues containing Npys-leucinthiol or -cysteine at positions 4, 5 and 6 exhibited high affinities for both mu and delta receptors, while morphiceptin analogues containing Npys-cysteine at positions 4 and 5 showed relatively weak affinity only for mu receptors.	npys-leucinthiol	32-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1325466-2	1992	Enkephalin analogues containing Npys-leucinthiol or -cysteine at positions 4, 5 and 6 exhibited high affinities for both mu and delta receptors, while morphiceptin analogues containing Npys-cysteine at positions 4 and 5 showed relatively weak affinity only for mu receptors.	Cysteine	52-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1325466-2	1992	Enkephalin analogues containing Npys-leucinthiol or -cysteine at positions 4, 5 and 6 exhibited high affinities for both mu and delta receptors, while morphiceptin analogues containing Npys-cysteine at positions 4 and 5 showed relatively weak affinity only for mu receptors.	S-(3-Nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl)cysteine	185-198	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1374504-1	1992	The influence of cocaine self-administration on the expression of messenger RNAs for dynorphin, enkephalin and substance P was analyzed in the rat striatum with in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Cocaine	17-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
1346626-3	1992	D2 blockade with haloperidol or raclopride increased, whereas D2 stimulation with LY-171555 (D2 agonist) decreased, striatal and accumbens proenkephalin mRNA abundance.	4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a,9-octahydro-5-propyl-1H-pyrzolo(3,4-g)quinoline	82-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	139-152
1317492-10	1992	We conclude that enkephalin biosynthesis, like co-stored catecholamines, is induced by a transsynaptic process.	Catecholamines	57-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
1348271-0	1992	Dual ultrastructural localization of enkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the rat ventral tegmental area: multiple substrates for opiate-dopamine interactions.	Dopamine	156-164	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1348271-3	1992	Using a dual-labeling, immunoperoxidase and immunogold-silver method, we localized antisera directed against leu5-enkephalin (ENK) and the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in acrolein-fixed sections through the VTA.	Acrolein	202-210	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
1639241-9	1992	Studies with the peptidase inhibitors captopril and bestatin showed a differential potentiation of the cardiovascular effects of the proenkephalin products by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and aminopeptidase.	Captopril	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-146
1639241-9	1992	Studies with the peptidase inhibitors captopril and bestatin showed a differential potentiation of the cardiovascular effects of the proenkephalin products by inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme and aminopeptidase.	ubenimex	52-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-146
1312200-3	1992	Treatment of cells with dexamethasone resulted in a 10-fold decline in c-fos transcripts and a small increase in proenkephalin mRNA.	Dexamethasone	24-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-126
1349353-14	1992	The findings of the study provide anatomical substrates for multilevel interactions between catecholamines, mostly dopamine, and enkephalin in rat dorsal striatum.	Catecholamines	92-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1312200-4	1992	Combined exposure to dexamethasone and isoproterenol also induced a decrease in c-fos mRNA while proenkephalin mRNA increased 8-fold.	Dexamethasone	21-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-110
1312200-4	1992	Combined exposure to dexamethasone and isoproterenol also induced a decrease in c-fos mRNA while proenkephalin mRNA increased 8-fold.	Isoproterenol	39-52	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-110
1312200-5	1992	Treatment of the C6 cells with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a 13-fold increase in c-fos expression 0.5 h after administration and a decrease in proenkephalin mRNA.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	31-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-167
1372067-3	1992	In this report, we have analyzed the effect of lithium on two neuropeptide encoding genes that are regulated by second messenger systems; neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proenkephalin (Enk).	Lithium	47-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
1347633-0	1992	The effects of excitatory amino acids on proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rat; an in situ hybridization study.	Excitatory Amino Acids	15-37	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
1319006-8	1992	Frozen brain sections were prepared, incubated in [3H]D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin, which selectively labels mu-receptors, and analyzed using quantitative receptor autoradiography.	Tritium	51-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
1347633-2	1992	As shown by an in situ immunohistochemical analysis, 3 h after the excitatory amino acids injections the rats displayed a bilateral profound elevation of the proenkephalin and prodynorphin mRNA levels in dentate gyrus granule cells (2-3 or 1.5-2 fold higher than control levels, respectively).	Excitatory Amino Acids	67-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
1347633-5	1992	The study demonstrated that activation of NMDA, quisqualate or kainate receptors in the hippocampus induced seizures associated with a marked increase in the proenkephalin (PENK) and the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene expression in the rat dentate gyrus.	N-Methylaspartate	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
1347633-5	1992	The study demonstrated that activation of NMDA, quisqualate or kainate receptors in the hippocampus induced seizures associated with a marked increase in the proenkephalin (PENK) and the prodynorphin (PDYN) gene expression in the rat dentate gyrus.	N-Methylaspartate	42-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
1309318-2	1992	Cells were field-stimulated at 1 Hz in 1.5 mM bathing Ca2+ at 23 degrees C. The mu-agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (10(-5) M) had no effect on the twitch.	n-me-phe4	99-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
1309318-2	1992	Cells were field-stimulated at 1 Hz in 1.5 mM bathing Ca2+ at 23 degrees C. The mu-agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (10(-5) M) had no effect on the twitch.	gly5-ol	109-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
1478730-4	1992	Proenkephalin mRNA expression was stimulated by IL-1 beta in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, being maximal with 5 U/ml IL-1 beta at 4 h. Although the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was also active, interferon, glutamate, and carbachol were not.	Isoproterenol	186-199	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1478730-4	1992	Proenkephalin mRNA expression was stimulated by IL-1 beta in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, being maximal with 5 U/ml IL-1 beta at 4 h. Although the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was also active, interferon, glutamate, and carbachol were not.	Glutamic Acid	229-238	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1478730-4	1992	Proenkephalin mRNA expression was stimulated by IL-1 beta in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, being maximal with 5 U/ml IL-1 beta at 4 h. Although the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol was also active, interferon, glutamate, and carbachol were not.	Carbachol	244-253	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1314311-2	1992	Mathematical analysis of single [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) saturation curves suggested binding of the [3H]-ligand at one site, while displacement curves of low concentrations of [3H]-DAGO with selective mu-ligands indicated the presence of high- and low-affinity sites.	3h]-[d-ala2	33-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1314311-2	1992	Mathematical analysis of single [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) saturation curves suggested binding of the [3H]-ligand at one site, while displacement curves of low concentrations of [3H]-DAGO with selective mu-ligands indicated the presence of high- and low-affinity sites.	mephe4	45-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1314311-2	1992	Mathematical analysis of single [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) saturation curves suggested binding of the [3H]-ligand at one site, while displacement curves of low concentrations of [3H]-DAGO with selective mu-ligands indicated the presence of high- and low-affinity sites.	Tritium	33-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1314311-2	1992	Mathematical analysis of single [3H]-[D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5] enkephalin (DAGO) saturation curves suggested binding of the [3H]-ligand at one site, while displacement curves of low concentrations of [3H]-DAGO with selective mu-ligands indicated the presence of high- and low-affinity sites.	Tritium	123-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1314311-4	1992	Eighty percent of [3H]-[D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) binding was displaced by DAGO with high affinity, indicating that a high percentage of [3H]-DADLE binding was at mu-sites.	Tritium	19-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
1314311-4	1992	Eighty percent of [3H]-[D-Ala2,D-Leu5] enkephalin (DADLE) binding was displaced by DAGO with high affinity, indicating that a high percentage of [3H]-DADLE binding was at mu-sites.	Tritium	146-148	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
1528574-3	1992	The prolonged administrations of Met-ENK and Leu-ENK significantly increased the incidence of gastric cancers in week 52.	Leucine	45-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
1688153-10	1991	Kainic acid also reduced total neuronal numbers, as well as Met-Enk and AChE positive staining, to approximately the same extent in mature and senescent rats.	Kainic Acid	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
1687763-3	1991	Naltrexone significantly blocked the EEG effects of morphine and the enkephalin analog, but methyl naltrexone failed to do so.	Naltrexone	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
1723788-4	1991	Using a highly specific radioimmunoassay, rat pineals were demonstrated to contain approximately 3.5 pg methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) per gland.	enk	131-134	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
1662276-8	1991	Infusion into AT (10 min before) of naltrexone (2-4 ng), ICI 154, 129 (1-10 ng) and WIN 44,441-3 (2-20 ng) antagonized the antinociception evoked by locally applied morphine (25 ng), [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (50 ng) and U 50,488 (100 ng), respectively.	Naltrexone	36-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
1668613-4	1991	Treatment of neonatal testis with an enkephalin analogue induces a short-term suppression of testosterone secretion.	Testosterone	93-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
19912832-5	1991	Treatment of newborn female rats with testosterone increases the number of PENK mRNA-containing neurons in the AVPv, but decreases the number of PDYN mRNA-containing neurons in the AVPv compared with untreated females.	Testosterone	38-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
19912833-4	1991	Pretreatment with a single dose of corticosterone before surgery in the morning produced high corticosterone levels similar to those in the evening and prevented the decrease of ENK mRNA in the hippocampus.	Corticosterone	35-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
1756390-1	1991	Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) cause significant bilateral increases in striatal proenkephalin (PEK) mRNA in rat brain.	Oxidopamine	25-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-115
1756390-1	1991	Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) cause significant bilateral increases in striatal proenkephalin (PEK) mRNA in rat brain.	Oxidopamine	25-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
1756390-1	1991	Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) cause significant bilateral increases in striatal proenkephalin (PEK) mRNA in rat brain.	Oxidopamine	44-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-115
1756390-1	1991	Unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) cause significant bilateral increases in striatal proenkephalin (PEK) mRNA in rat brain.	Oxidopamine	44-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
1797559-5	1991	However, 24 h after the naloxone challenge, there was a significant increase in spinal enkephalin levels in morphine-dependent animals.	Morphine	108-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
1658309-0	1991	Selective antagonism by naltrindole of the antinociceptive effects of the delta opioid agonist cyclic[D-penicillamine2-D-penicillamine5]enkephalin in the rat.	naltrindole	24-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
1726498-3	1991	Leucine-enkephalin potentiated and methionine-enkephalin antagonized morphine or pentazocine analgesia.	Morphine	69-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
1726498-3	1991	Leucine-enkephalin potentiated and methionine-enkephalin antagonized morphine or pentazocine analgesia.	Pentazocine	81-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
1805300-0	1991	Distribution of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactivity in the rat and mouse pituitary gland.	arg6-gly7-leu8	32-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
1805300-1	1991	The distribution of the octapeptide Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL), a proenkephalin A-derived opioid peptide, in the rat and mouse pituitary gland was studied using the indirect immunofluorescence technique and immunoelectron microscopy.	gly7-leu8	57-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1665789-3	1991	of a selective mu receptor agonist [D-Ala2,Mephe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO) produced dose-related depression of coughs over the 0.003-0.03 nmol dose range.	mephe4	43-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
1666431-2	1991	Agonists selective for mu[D-Ala2, MePhe4Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta opioid receptors [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (dPen-dPen), inhibited the dopamine but not the dopamine D1 stimulated adenylate cyclase.	mu[d-ala2	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1666431-2	1991	Agonists selective for mu[D-Ala2, MePhe4Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta opioid receptors [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (dPen-dPen), inhibited the dopamine but not the dopamine D1 stimulated adenylate cyclase.	Deuterium	26-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1666431-2	1991	Agonists selective for mu[D-Ala2, MePhe4Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGO) and delta opioid receptors [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (dPen-dPen), inhibited the dopamine but not the dopamine D1 stimulated adenylate cyclase.	dpen-dpen	122-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1839239-0	1991	Quinolinic acid elevates striatal and pallidal Met-enkephalin levels: the role of enkephalin synthesis and release.	Quinolinic Acid	0-15	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1839239-3	1991	However, at 7 days post-injection, QUIN produced a dose-related and bilateral increase in the striatal and pallidal levels of met-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-i.r.	Quinolinic Acid	35-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
1839239-8	1991	QUIN significantly depleted (50%) of the proenkephalin mRNA level in the injected, but not the contralateral striatum when compared to that in the saline-injected animals.	Quinolinic Acid	0-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-54
1797559-0	1991	Characteristics of precipitated withdrawal from spinal morphine: changes in [Met5]enkephalin levels.	Morphine	55-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1797559-5	1991	However, 24 h after the naloxone challenge, there was a significant increase in spinal enkephalin levels in morphine-dependent animals.	Naloxone	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
1654389-4	1991	As shown by nonlinear least-squares analysis, the mu opioids Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol or sufentanil abolished high-affinity [3H]naltrexone binding, whereas the delta-selective ligands [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, ICI 174,864, and oxymorphindole inhibited and eventually eliminated the low-affinity component in a concentration-dependent manner.	Sufentanil	93-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
1684628-1	1991	Previous studies have shown changes in both somatostatin (SS)- and proenkephalin(PE)-derived peptides in the brains of amygdaloid-kindled rats, suggesting possible roles for the peptides in the kindling process.	pe	81-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
1717819-1	1991	Transsynaptic neurogenic activity and reserpine are two signals that cause the proenkephalin (Penk) gene to alter the levels of preproenkephalin (PPenk) mRNA and enkephalin-containing (EC) peptides.	Reserpine	38-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
1654389-4	1991	As shown by nonlinear least-squares analysis, the mu opioids Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol or sufentanil abolished high-affinity [3H]naltrexone binding, whereas the delta-selective ligands [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, ICI 174,864, and oxymorphindole inhibited and eventually eliminated the low-affinity component in a concentration-dependent manner.	tyr-d-ala-gly-(me)phe-gly-ol	61-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
1654389-4	1991	As shown by nonlinear least-squares analysis, the mu opioids Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-(Me)Phe-Gly-ol or sufentanil abolished high-affinity [3H]naltrexone binding, whereas the delta-selective ligands [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, ICI 174,864, and oxymorphindole inhibited and eventually eliminated the low-affinity component in a concentration-dependent manner.	Tritium	129-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
1660817-0	1991	Differences in the binding of [3H][D-Ser2,Thr6]leucine-enkephalin and [3H][D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin to brain membranes of morphine tolerant-dependent rats.	Tritium	31-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
1678615-1	1991	mu opioids, such as morphine and certain enkephalin analogs, are known to modulate glutamate-evoked activity in dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord and caudal brain stem.	Glutamic Acid	83-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1653834-1	1991	[D-Pen2,4"-125I-Phe4,D-Pen5]enkephalin ([125I]DPDPE) is a highly selective radioligand for the delta opioid receptor with a specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol) that is over 50-fold greater than that of tritium-labeled DPDPE analogs.	[d-pen2,4"-125i-phe4	0-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
1653834-1	1991	[D-Pen2,4"-125I-Phe4,D-Pen5]enkephalin ([125I]DPDPE) is a highly selective radioligand for the delta opioid receptor with a specific activity (2200 Ci/mmol) that is over 50-fold greater than that of tritium-labeled DPDPE analogs.	Tritium	199-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
1682832-0	1991	Diethylstilbesterol- and pregnancy-induced changes in rat neurointermediate lobe oxytocin, arginine vasopressin, methionine enkephalin and dynorphin.	Diethylstilbestrol	0-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1658636-0	1991	Proenkephalin gene expression in C6 rat glioma cells: potentiation of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate-dependent transcription by glucocorticoids.	Cyclic AMP	70-106	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1658636-2	1991	To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved, we analyzed the potentiation by dexamethasone of the cAMP-dependent increase in proenkephalin mRNA levels elicited by forskolin in C6 rat glioma cells.	Dexamethasone	72-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-133
1658636-2	1991	To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved, we analyzed the potentiation by dexamethasone of the cAMP-dependent increase in proenkephalin mRNA levels elicited by forskolin in C6 rat glioma cells.	Cyclic AMP	93-97	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-133
1658636-2	1991	To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved, we analyzed the potentiation by dexamethasone of the cAMP-dependent increase in proenkephalin mRNA levels elicited by forskolin in C6 rat glioma cells.	Colforsin	158-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-133
1658636-9	1991	Dexamethasone also reduced forskolin-stimulated CAT mRNA levels in C6 cells stably transfected with proenkephalin/CAT chimeric genes in the presence or absence of proteins synthesis.	Dexamethasone	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-113
1658636-9	1991	Dexamethasone also reduced forskolin-stimulated CAT mRNA levels in C6 cells stably transfected with proenkephalin/CAT chimeric genes in the presence or absence of proteins synthesis.	Colforsin	27-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	100-113
1933369-1	1991	Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat neostriatal slices was inhibited by the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin (DAGO) both in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned and non-lesioned neostriatum.	Acetylcholine	11-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1933369-1	1991	Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat neostriatal slices was inhibited by the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin (DAGO) both in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned and non-lesioned neostriatum.	Acetylcholine	26-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1933369-1	1991	Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat neostriatal slices was inhibited by the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin (DAGO) both in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned and non-lesioned neostriatum.	Oxidopamine	150-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1933369-1	1991	Endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) release from rat neostriatal slices was inhibited by the mu-opioid agonist [D-Ala2,Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin (DAGO) both in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned and non-lesioned neostriatum.	Oxidopamine	169-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
1855463-0	1991	Regulation of proenkephalin A messenger ribonucleic acid levels in normal B lymphocytes: specific inhibition by glucocorticoid hormones and superinduction by cycloheximide.	Cycloheximide	158-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-29
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Prednisolone	142-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Dexamethasone	158-171	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Steroids	214-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Testosterone	232-244	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Steroids	214-221	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-4	1991	The transient expression of PEA messenger (m) RNA levels occurring normally in B cells was markedly inhibited by the presence of either 50 nM prednisolone or dexamethasone, both of which are glucocorticoids; other steroids, such as testosterone or the steroid-inactive metabolite androsterone, were ineffective.	Androsterone	280-292	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1855463-5	1991	In the presence of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, PEA mRNA was superinduced by a factor of 15-fold.	Cycloheximide	19-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
1855463-6	1991	Sorting by flow cytometry of cycloheximide-treated cells followed by in situ hybridization analysis revealed that the expression of PEA mRNA was exclusively confined to a small fraction of B cells.	Cycloheximide	29-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
1714957-1	1991	The isosteric methyleneoxy psi (CH2O) function was employed as a novel peptide-bond surrogate and incorporated into sequences of two neuropeptides, substance P (SP) and enkephalin.	Formaldehyde	32-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
1717109-4	1991	In saline-treated control rats, striatal GAD activity and globus pallidus enkephalin content were elevated and nigral substance P content was reduced ipsilateral to the 6-OHDA lesion.	Sodium Chloride	3-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
1924893-4	1991	On the other hand, the enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-metenkephalinamide (DAMEA, 1, 10 or 20 micrograms) produced dose-dependent attenuations in gastric stress pathology, the effects being most marked with the latter two doses.	d-ala2-metenkephalinamide	42-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
1924893-4	1991	On the other hand, the enkephalin analog, D-Ala2-metenkephalinamide (DAMEA, 1, 10 or 20 micrograms) produced dose-dependent attenuations in gastric stress pathology, the effects being most marked with the latter two doses.	damea	69-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
1924893-7	1991	The results indicate that TRH-enkephalin interactions are possible at the level of the CEA during CRS-induced gastric ulcer formation.	3-cresol	98-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1933285-0	1991	Beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin levels in discrete brain regions, spinal cord, pituitary gland and plasma of morphine tolerant-dependent and abstinent rats.	Morphine	118-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1933285-8	1991	The levels of methionine-enkephalin in pons and medulla, amygdala, hippocampus and pituitary gland were decreased in morphine tolerant-dependent rats.	Morphine	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
1933285-9	1991	During protracted abstinence from morphine, methionine-enkephalin levels in spinal cord, amygdala, pons and medulla, midbrain, cortex, corpus striatum and pituitary gland were decreased.	Morphine	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
1933285-9	1991	During protracted abstinence from morphine, methionine-enkephalin levels in spinal cord, amygdala, pons and medulla, midbrain, cortex, corpus striatum and pituitary gland were decreased.	Methionine	44-54	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
1933285-10	1991	The levels of methionine-enkephalin in hypothalamus and corpus striatum of naloxone-precipitated abstinent rats were increased but were decreased in amygdala and pituitary gland.	Naloxone	75-83	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
1933285-11	1991	These results suggest that during morphine tolerance-dependence and during protracted abstinence beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin levels in discrete brain regions and pituitary gland are decreased.	Morphine	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
1933430-1	1991	The use of a new and very sensitive immunohistochemical method, combined with intracerebral injections of colchicine, has allowed us to show that a number of nerve cell bodies immunoreactive for Met-enkephalin are present in several mesencephalic nuclei of the rat, including the different subdivisions of the substantia nigra (SN).	Colchicine	106-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
1680033-7	1991	Treatment of newborn rats with 6-hydroxydopamine increased the expression of proenkephalin A mRNA by 1.6 fold but had no effect on the expression of preprosomatostatin mRNA.	Oxidopamine	31-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-92
1680033-8	1991	The 6-hydroxydopamine-induced change in proenkephalin A mRNA expression was not observed until postnatal day 32, indicating that enkephalin-containing neurons of the developing striatum are relatively insensitive to dopamine input and that they cannot compensate for the neonatal lesion, despite the fact that the insult was given in a period of high plasticity of the neural tissue.	Oxidopamine	4-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-55
1680033-8	1991	The 6-hydroxydopamine-induced change in proenkephalin A mRNA expression was not observed until postnatal day 32, indicating that enkephalin-containing neurons of the developing striatum are relatively insensitive to dopamine input and that they cannot compensate for the neonatal lesion, despite the fact that the insult was given in a period of high plasticity of the neural tissue.	Oxidopamine	4-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
1680033-8	1991	The 6-hydroxydopamine-induced change in proenkephalin A mRNA expression was not observed until postnatal day 32, indicating that enkephalin-containing neurons of the developing striatum are relatively insensitive to dopamine input and that they cannot compensate for the neonatal lesion, despite the fact that the insult was given in a period of high plasticity of the neural tissue.	Dopamine	13-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-55
1680033-8	1991	The 6-hydroxydopamine-induced change in proenkephalin A mRNA expression was not observed until postnatal day 32, indicating that enkephalin-containing neurons of the developing striatum are relatively insensitive to dopamine input and that they cannot compensate for the neonatal lesion, despite the fact that the insult was given in a period of high plasticity of the neural tissue.	Dopamine	13-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
1717109-6	1991	In contrast, continuous levodopa elevated globus pallidus enkephalin beyond the levels occurring with denervation, but had no effect on any of the other neurochemical measures.	Levodopa	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
1717109-8	1991	With the exception of substance P, levodopa did not reverse the effects of the 6-OHDA lesion but, rather, either exacerbated the lesion-induced changes (e.g. GAD and enkephalin) or altered neurochemical markers which had been unaffected by the lesion (e.g. CAT and dynorphin).	Levodopa	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
1715806-2	1991	We examined the light and electron microscopic relationships between neurons containing methionine (Met5)-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (MELI) and vagal afferents and motor dendrites in the rat NTS.	Methionine	88-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
1655161-2	1991	Using [3H][Met5]-enkephalin, a potent ligand involved in neural growth, particularly cell proliferation, specific and saturable binding was detected in homogenates of 6-day-old rat cerebellum; the data were consistent with a single binding site.	Tritium	7-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
1655161-8	1991	In the adult rat cerebellum, non-opioid receptor binding of [3H][Met5]-enkephalin was recorded, mu and kappa receptors were also found in the developing rat cerebellum, while mu, delta, and kappa receptors were recorded in adult cerebellar tissue.	Tritium	61-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1889828-5	1991	Thus potentiation of morphine induced antinociception by icv captopril is unlikely to be exerted through an effect on adrenal function and is most likely due to increased brain enkephalin levels.	Morphine	21-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
1889828-5	1991	Thus potentiation of morphine induced antinociception by icv captopril is unlikely to be exerted through an effect on adrenal function and is most likely due to increased brain enkephalin levels.	Captopril	61-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
1648137-5	1991	For example, [(2S,3S)-beta-MePhe4]DPDPE (2) is 1800-fold selective in binding to the delta vs mu receptor, making it one of the most selective delta opioid receptor ligands in the enkephalin series as assessed by the rat brain binding assay, whereas the corresponding (2R,3R)-beta-Me-p-NO2Phe-containing analogue 9 is only 4.5-fold selective (nonselective) in this same assay.	2s	15-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
1648137-5	1991	For example, [(2S,3S)-beta-MePhe4]DPDPE (2) is 1800-fold selective in binding to the delta vs mu receptor, making it one of the most selective delta opioid receptor ligands in the enkephalin series as assessed by the rat brain binding assay, whereas the corresponding (2R,3R)-beta-Me-p-NO2Phe-containing analogue 9 is only 4.5-fold selective (nonselective) in this same assay.	3s	18-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
1652797-5	1991	administration of beta-FNA alters the conformation of the opioid receptor complex, as inferred by a decrease in the Bmax of the lower affinity [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding site.	Tritium	144-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
1651892-1	1991	Four groups of rats were trained to discriminate between the no-drug conditions (saline, s.c.) and the effect of s.c. injection of the novel enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Met (O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399, 1 mg/kg), morphine (3 mg/kg), ethylketocyclazocine (EKC, 0.3 mg/kg) or N-allylnormetazocine (NANM, 3 mg/kg) in a two-lever choice, water reinforced procedure.	tyr-d-met (o)-gly-etphe-nhnhcoch3	159-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
1658661-10	1991	The selective mu-opioid receptor agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and [D-Arg2,Lys4]-demorphin-(1----4)-amide reduced the release of radioactivity, whereas the selective delta opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin and the selective kappa opioid receptor agonist U-69593 had no effect.	[d-ala2,nmephe4	42-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
1658661-10	1991	The selective mu-opioid receptor agonists [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin and [D-Arg2,Lys4]-demorphin-(1----4)-amide reduced the release of radioactivity, whereas the selective delta opioid receptor agonist [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin and the selective kappa opioid receptor agonist U-69593 had no effect.	demorphin-(1----4)-amide	95-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	226-236
1652797-5	1991	administration of beta-FNA alters the conformation of the opioid receptor complex, as inferred by a decrease in the Bmax of the lower affinity [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin binding site.	d-leu5	155-161	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
1652797-6	1991	Consistent with the decreased potency of naloxone as an inhibitor of delta receptor mediated effects, beta-FNA doubled the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin from its lower affinity binding site.	beta-funaltrexamine	102-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
1653636-4	1991	The delta ligand, [3H]DPDPE [( D-Pen2.5]-enkephalin), bound with a Kd of 4.31 nM, and the kappa-ligand, [3H]U69593, bound with a Kd of 2.27 nM.	Tritium	19-21	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1652797-6	1991	Consistent with the decreased potency of naloxone as an inhibitor of delta receptor mediated effects, beta-FNA doubled the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin from its lower affinity binding site.	Naloxone	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
1652797-6	1991	Consistent with the decreased potency of naloxone as an inhibitor of delta receptor mediated effects, beta-FNA doubled the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin from its lower affinity binding site.	Tritium	153-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
1652797-6	1991	Consistent with the decreased potency of naloxone as an inhibitor of delta receptor mediated effects, beta-FNA doubled the naloxone IC50 for displacing [3H][D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin from its lower affinity binding site.	d-leu5	164-170	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
1673340-3	1991	Quinpirole had no effect on [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin levels but sulpiride produced an increase in both [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin content.	Sulpiride	69-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	n-mephe4	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	3h-damgo	106-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	DADLE	144-149	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	3h-dadle	192-200	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	n-mephe3	252-260	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1653081-3	1991	Opioid receptor sites for (D-Ala2,N-MePhe4,Gly-ol5)-enkephalin (DAMGO) binding were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DAMGO; (D-Ala2,D-Leu5)-enkephalin (DADLE) binding sites were labelled with 4 nM of 3H-DADLE in the presence of 1 microM unlabelled mu-agonist (N-MePhe3,D-Pro4)-morphiceptin (PL107).	d-pro4)-morphiceptin	261-281	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1673340-5	1991	Quinpirole decreased [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin levels, while sulpiride decreased [Leu5]-enkephalin levels alone.	Quinpirole	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1673340-5	1991	Quinpirole decreased [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin levels, while sulpiride decreased [Leu5]-enkephalin levels alone.	Sulpiride	65-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
1673340-5	1991	Quinpirole decreased [Met5]- and [Leu5]-enkephalin levels, while sulpiride decreased [Leu5]-enkephalin levels alone.	leu5]	34-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1856314-2	1991	In the present study, axonal transport, immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization histochemical techniques were used to determine whether enkephalin (ENK), a peptide known to be expressed in a number of somatostatin-containing medullary cell groups, is also expressed in the projection from the NTSc to the NAcf.	nacf	311-315	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
1649365-4	1991	The effects of beta-endorphin and of Met-enkephalin were completely reversed by the delta opioid antagonist ICI 174,864 while the kappa-receptor specific antagonist binaltorphimine or the sigma-receptor specific antagonist DTG (1,3-di(2-tolyl) guanidine) respectively blocked the inhibitory actions of dynorphin A and of DADLE.	binaltorphimine	165-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1649365-4	1991	The effects of beta-endorphin and of Met-enkephalin were completely reversed by the delta opioid antagonist ICI 174,864 while the kappa-receptor specific antagonist binaltorphimine or the sigma-receptor specific antagonist DTG (1,3-di(2-tolyl) guanidine) respectively blocked the inhibitory actions of dynorphin A and of DADLE.	1,3-ditolylguanidine	223-226	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1649365-4	1991	The effects of beta-endorphin and of Met-enkephalin were completely reversed by the delta opioid antagonist ICI 174,864 while the kappa-receptor specific antagonist binaltorphimine or the sigma-receptor specific antagonist DTG (1,3-di(2-tolyl) guanidine) respectively blocked the inhibitory actions of dynorphin A and of DADLE.	1,3-ditolylguanidine	228-253	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
1707436-0	1991	Dopamine-dependent postnatal development of enkephalin and tachykinin neurons of rat basal ganglia.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1707436-1	1991	The influence of deprivation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) on the development of [Met5]-enkephalin (ME) and substance P (SP) neuropeptide systems of the striatum was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Dopamine	53-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
1707436-1	1991	The influence of deprivation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) on the development of [Met5]-enkephalin (ME) and substance P (SP) neuropeptide systems of the striatum was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Dopamine	63-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
1831883-1	1991	The effects of acutely administered opioid receptor agonists sufentanil, U50,488H and [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADL) were observed upon dopamine D1 and D2 binding site density in the striatum of the rat.	Dopamine	139-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
1924493-3	1991	Thiorphan and SCH 32615, at a concentration of 150 microM, were able to potentiate the enkephalin-induced epileptiform bursting, inducing an increase in the bursting duration and in the number of spikes per burst due to 3.5 microM DAEAM or 0.20 microM DAGO.	Thiorphan	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
1924493-3	1991	Thiorphan and SCH 32615, at a concentration of 150 microM, were able to potentiate the enkephalin-induced epileptiform bursting, inducing an increase in the bursting duration and in the number of spikes per burst due to 3.5 microM DAEAM or 0.20 microM DAGO.	SCH 32615	14-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
1924493-3	1991	Thiorphan and SCH 32615, at a concentration of 150 microM, were able to potentiate the enkephalin-induced epileptiform bursting, inducing an increase in the bursting duration and in the number of spikes per burst due to 3.5 microM DAEAM or 0.20 microM DAGO.	Daeam	231-236	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
1886174-1	1991	The novel enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Met (O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3 .	tyr-d-met (o)-gly-etphe-nhnhcoch3	28-61	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
2023920-5	1991	Here we show that pEnkA mRNA is abundant in normal calvaria-derived cells and in osteosarcoma-derived cell lines ROS 17/2.8 and ROS 25/1.	ros	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
2023920-5	1991	Here we show that pEnkA mRNA is abundant in normal calvaria-derived cells and in osteosarcoma-derived cell lines ROS 17/2.8 and ROS 25/1.	ros	128-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
2023920-7	1991	pEnkA expression in ROS cells is decreased by osteogenin, an osteoinductive factor, and by the calcium-regulating hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, whereas the osteoblastic phenotype marker, alkaline phosphatase, is increased by these factors.	ros	20-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
2023920-7	1991	pEnkA expression in ROS cells is decreased by osteogenin, an osteoinductive factor, and by the calcium-regulating hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, whereas the osteoblastic phenotype marker, alkaline phosphatase, is increased by these factors.	Calcitriol	123-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
2023920-8	1991	These results together with the inhibitory effects of pEnkA-derived peptides on alkaline phosphatase activity in ROS 17/2.8 cells suggest that pEnkA is involved in bone development and provide a model system for further analysis of pEnkA expression during this process.	ros	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
2023920-8	1991	These results together with the inhibitory effects of pEnkA-derived peptides on alkaline phosphatase activity in ROS 17/2.8 cells suggest that pEnkA is involved in bone development and provide a model system for further analysis of pEnkA expression during this process.	ros	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
19215512-4	1991	The stable enkephalin analog, [D-Pen(2.5)]enkephalin, when injected into the third ventricle in a dose of 1.0 nmol, produced a significant and transient inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion similar to that seen following injection of 2.0 nmol ANP.	[d-pen(2	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
2023920-8	1991	These results together with the inhibitory effects of pEnkA-derived peptides on alkaline phosphatase activity in ROS 17/2.8 cells suggest that pEnkA is involved in bone development and provide a model system for further analysis of pEnkA expression during this process.	ros	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
1650284-1	1991	The effects of the potent agonist (D-Pen2, D-Pen5) enkephalin (DPDPE), a conformationally restricted ligand which is highly selective for delta opioid receptors, were studied on the endogenous levels and regional distributions of selected mono- and divalent cations in rat brain and thoracic spinal cord by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry.	d-pen2	35-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1675935-1	1991	The localization of the proenkephalin A-derived octapeptide, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL), was studied in the major salivary glands of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats with the indirect immunofluorescence method.	met5-	61-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
1675935-1	1991	The localization of the proenkephalin A-derived octapeptide, Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL), was studied in the major salivary glands of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats with the indirect immunofluorescence method.	arg6-gly7-leu8	77-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-39
2004604-4	1991	Forty-eight percent of recombinant proenkephalin was glycosylated; glycosylation could be entirely prevented by the addition of tunicamycin.	Tunicamycin	128-139	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	35-48
2004604-7	1991	Some of this isoelectric heterogeneity is due to phosphorylation; [32P] orthophosphate was readily incorporated into serine residues within newly synthesized proenkephalin.	Phosphorus-32	67-70	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
2004604-7	1991	Some of this isoelectric heterogeneity is due to phosphorylation; [32P] orthophosphate was readily incorporated into serine residues within newly synthesized proenkephalin.	Phosphates	72-86	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
2004604-7	1991	Some of this isoelectric heterogeneity is due to phosphorylation; [32P] orthophosphate was readily incorporated into serine residues within newly synthesized proenkephalin.	Serine	117-123	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-171
1831887-4	1991	In contrast, rats treated with SCH23390 showed decreased striatal levels of proenkephalin mRNA.	SCH 23390	31-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-89
2029727-4	1991	Depolarization with potassium chloride (KCl) or veratridine increases the expression of PENK mRNA in a time-dependent fashion, with a maximal increase of sixfold.	Potassium Chloride	20-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
2029727-4	1991	Depolarization with potassium chloride (KCl) or veratridine increases the expression of PENK mRNA in a time-dependent fashion, with a maximal increase of sixfold.	Potassium Chloride	40-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
2029727-4	1991	Depolarization with potassium chloride (KCl) or veratridine increases the expression of PENK mRNA in a time-dependent fashion, with a maximal increase of sixfold.	Veratridine	48-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
2029727-7	1991	An increase in PENK mRNA levels has been also observed in cultures treated with 8-Br-cAMP, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA), or dexamethasone.	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	80-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
2029727-7	1991	An increase in PENK mRNA levels has been also observed in cultures treated with 8-Br-cAMP, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA), or dexamethasone.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	91-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
2029727-7	1991	An increase in PENK mRNA levels has been also observed in cultures treated with 8-Br-cAMP, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA), or dexamethasone.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	124-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
2029727-7	1991	An increase in PENK mRNA levels has been also observed in cultures treated with 8-Br-cAMP, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (TPA), or dexamethasone.	Dexamethasone	133-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
2029727-11	1991	The increase in PENK mRNA in depolarized and in TPA-dexamethasone-, or 8-Br-cAMP-treated cultures was not accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of free immunoreactive met-enkephalin.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	48-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
2029727-11	1991	The increase in PENK mRNA in depolarized and in TPA-dexamethasone-, or 8-Br-cAMP-treated cultures was not accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of free immunoreactive met-enkephalin.	Dexamethasone	52-65	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
2029727-11	1991	The increase in PENK mRNA in depolarized and in TPA-dexamethasone-, or 8-Br-cAMP-treated cultures was not accompanied by a significant increase in the amount of free immunoreactive met-enkephalin.	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	71-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
1707092-0	1991	Dopamine differentially regulates dynorphin, substance P, and enkephalin expression in striatal neurons: in situ hybridization histochemical analysis.	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1707092-1	1991	Dopamine regulation of the levels of dynorphin, enkephalin, and substance P messenger RNAs in rat striatal neurons was analyzed with in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH).	Dopamine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
1707092-11	1991	Enkephalin mRNA expression was not significantly altered by chronic apomorphine treatment but showed an average increase per cell of some 130% above control levels following 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the mesostriatal system.	Apomorphine	68-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1707092-11	1991	Enkephalin mRNA expression was not significantly altered by chronic apomorphine treatment but showed an average increase per cell of some 130% above control levels following 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the mesostriatal system.	Oxidopamine	174-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1707092-12	1991	In animals with a 6-OHDA lesion and apomorphine treatment, enkephalin mRNA was also elevated but not significantly above the levels produced by the lesions alone.	Oxidopamine	18-24	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
1707092-12	1991	In animals with a 6-OHDA lesion and apomorphine treatment, enkephalin mRNA was also elevated but not significantly above the levels produced by the lesions alone.	Apomorphine	36-47	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
1707094-8	1991	In rats pretreated with colchicine, SP-LI and ENK-LI were colocalized in small perikarya of lamina II and in some lamina I cells.	Colchicine	24-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
19215512-4	1991	The stable enkephalin analog, [D-Pen(2.5)]enkephalin, when injected into the third ventricle in a dose of 1.0 nmol, produced a significant and transient inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion similar to that seen following injection of 2.0 nmol ANP.	[d-pen(2	30-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
19215512-5	1991	Pretreatment of the rats 15 min before peptide injection with the selective 5 opioid antagonist naltrindole (50 mug/2 mul saline) completely prevented the luteinizing hormone-inhibiting effects of both ANP and the enkephalin analog, delta opioid blockade failed to prevent the prolactin-inhibiting effect of ANP but did reverse the prolactin-stimulating effect of [D-Pen(2.5)]enkephalin.	naltrindole	96-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
19215512-5	1991	Pretreatment of the rats 15 min before peptide injection with the selective 5 opioid antagonist naltrindole (50 mug/2 mul saline) completely prevented the luteinizing hormone-inhibiting effects of both ANP and the enkephalin analog, delta opioid blockade failed to prevent the prolactin-inhibiting effect of ANP but did reverse the prolactin-stimulating effect of [D-Pen(2.5)]enkephalin.	naltrindole	96-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	376-386
19215512-5	1991	Pretreatment of the rats 15 min before peptide injection with the selective 5 opioid antagonist naltrindole (50 mug/2 mul saline) completely prevented the luteinizing hormone-inhibiting effects of both ANP and the enkephalin analog, delta opioid blockade failed to prevent the prolactin-inhibiting effect of ANP but did reverse the prolactin-stimulating effect of [D-Pen(2.5)]enkephalin.	d-pen	365-370	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
2040075-2	1991	Enkephalin-immunoreactive ganglion cells and intraglandular fibers were detected again after the colchicine-pretreatment at P8W.	Colchicine	97-107	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2039950-0	1991	Ether anesthesia differentially affects the content of prepro-corticotropin-releasing hormone, prepro-neurotensin/neuromedin N and prepro-enkephalin mRNAs in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat.	Ether	0-5	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
1649664-2	1991	In contrast to a labeling index (LI) of 35.8% in control animals, administration of the opioid peptide [Met5]-enkephalin (100 micrograms/kg) significantly reduced (10.6%) the proportion of cells incorporating [3H]thymidine; concomitant injection of 1 mg/kg naloxone blocked the inhibitory effects of [Met5]-enkephalin on cell division.	3h]thymidine	210-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1649664-2	1991	In contrast to a labeling index (LI) of 35.8% in control animals, administration of the opioid peptide [Met5]-enkephalin (100 micrograms/kg) significantly reduced (10.6%) the proportion of cells incorporating [3H]thymidine; concomitant injection of 1 mg/kg naloxone blocked the inhibitory effects of [Met5]-enkephalin on cell division.	Naloxone	257-265	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1713116-2	1991	Retrograde labeling from the lateral septum in combination with immunocytochemical analyses for Enk and TRH in colchicine-treated rats has revealed that nearly all Enk- (and TRH-) containing perifornical neurons project to the lateral septum.	Colchicine	111-121	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
1657046-0	1991	Leucine-enkephalin increases the level of inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate and releases calcium from an intracellular pool in rat ventricular cardiac myocytes.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	42-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1657046-0	1991	Leucine-enkephalin increases the level of inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate and releases calcium from an intracellular pool in rat ventricular cardiac myocytes.	Calcium	85-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1645431-0	1991	Rapid changes in the content of proenkephalin A and corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal in urethane-anaesthetized rats.	Morphine	129-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-47
1657046-1	1991	In rat ventricular cardiomyocytes loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Indo-1/AM, the delta opioid receptor agonist Leu-Enk caused Cai oscillations and abolished the caffeine-induced Cai transient.	Caffeine	172-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
1645431-0	1991	Rapid changes in the content of proenkephalin A and corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal in urethane-anaesthetized rats.	Urethane	152-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-47
1657046-5	1991	Thus, Leu-Enk induces depletion of Ca2+ from the SR by a receptor-mediated mechanism which appears to involve an increase in the intracellular level of Ins (1,4,5) P3.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	152-166	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
1645431-2	1991	Urethane anaesthesia alone resulted in a significant increase in both CRH and proenkephalin transcripts.	Urethane	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-91
1647849-5	1991	D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin (0.1-10 microM), a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist, produced a dose-related inhibition of the 25 mM K(+)-evoked tritium release.	Tritium	145-152	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1645431-11	1991	morphine-infused rats proenkephalin a mRNA in the PVN was significantly less than in controls.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	22-35
1645431-13	1991	morphine-infused rats resulted in a doubling of hybridization to proenkephalin mRNA in the PVN which was significantly greater than that seen in the i.c.v.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-78
1647849-5	1991	D-Pen2,L-Pen5-enkephalin (0.1-10 microM), a selective delta-opioid receptor agonist, produced a dose-related inhibition of the 25 mM K(+)-evoked tritium release.	d-pen2	0-6	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	h-butyr-dmet	57-69	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	Glycine	70-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	Phenylalanine	75-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	h-bzltyr-dmet	97-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	h-butyr-dmet-gly	138-154	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	h-bzltyr-dmet-gly	97-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1658758-2	1991	Synthesis of four new derivatives of enkephalin analogs: H-BuTyr-DMet-Gly- Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 9, H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH 12, H-Butyr-DMet-Gly- -Phe-epsilon Ahx-epsilon Ahx-OH 15 and H-BzlTyr-DMet-Gly-Phe-epsilon Ahx-OH is reported.	Phenylalanine	115-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
1678195-1	1991	Hydrolysis of [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin was determined in whole rat plasma in vitro by using HPLC-ECD to measure Tyr, Tyr-Gly and Tyr-Gly-Gly formation.	Tyrosine	114-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1678195-1	1991	Hydrolysis of [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin was determined in whole rat plasma in vitro by using HPLC-ECD to measure Tyr, Tyr-Gly and Tyr-Gly-Gly formation.	Tyr-Gly	119-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1678195-1	1991	Hydrolysis of [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin was determined in whole rat plasma in vitro by using HPLC-ECD to measure Tyr, Tyr-Gly and Tyr-Gly-Gly formation.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	131-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1678195-2	1991	Although [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin did not differ in Tyr or Tyr-Gly accumulation, the amount of Tyr-Gly-Gly resulting from [Met]enkephalin hydrolysis was greater than that resulting from [Leu]enkephalin hydrolysis, and [Met]enkephalin"s half-life in plasma was slightly shorter than that of [Leu]enkephalin.	Glycine	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1678195-2	1991	Although [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin did not differ in Tyr or Tyr-Gly accumulation, the amount of Tyr-Gly-Gly resulting from [Met]enkephalin hydrolysis was greater than that resulting from [Leu]enkephalin hydrolysis, and [Met]enkephalin"s half-life in plasma was slightly shorter than that of [Leu]enkephalin.	Glycine	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1678195-2	1991	Although [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin did not differ in Tyr or Tyr-Gly accumulation, the amount of Tyr-Gly-Gly resulting from [Met]enkephalin hydrolysis was greater than that resulting from [Leu]enkephalin hydrolysis, and [Met]enkephalin"s half-life in plasma was slightly shorter than that of [Leu]enkephalin.	Glycine	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1678195-2	1991	Although [Leu]- and [Met]enkephalin did not differ in Tyr or Tyr-Gly accumulation, the amount of Tyr-Gly-Gly resulting from [Met]enkephalin hydrolysis was greater than that resulting from [Leu]enkephalin hydrolysis, and [Met]enkephalin"s half-life in plasma was slightly shorter than that of [Leu]enkephalin.	Glycine	101-104	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1685613-1	1991	The effect of chronic l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) administration on the level of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) in rat corpus striatum was studied.	tetrahydropalmatine	22-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
1685613-1	1991	The effect of chronic l-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP) administration on the level of leucine enkephalin (Leu-Enk) in rat corpus striatum was studied.	tetrahydropalmatine	45-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
1685613-2	1991	After l-THP sc injection once daily for 2 wk, the striatal Leu-Enk level was elevated dose-dependently.	tetrahydropalmatine	6-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
1685613-2	1991	After l-THP sc injection once daily for 2 wk, the striatal Leu-Enk level was elevated dose-dependently.	Leucine	59-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
1685613-4	1991	When rats received sc Sch-23390, a selective D1 antagonist, 15 nmol.kg-1 tid for 2 wk, striatal content of Leu-Enk increased from 0.17 +/- SD 0.03 ng.mg-1 tissue in control group to 0.23 +/- SD 0.05 ng.mg-1 tissue in Sch-23390 group (n = 8, P less than 0.05).	SCH 23390	22-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1685613-4	1991	When rats received sc Sch-23390, a selective D1 antagonist, 15 nmol.kg-1 tid for 2 wk, striatal content of Leu-Enk increased from 0.17 +/- SD 0.03 ng.mg-1 tissue in control group to 0.23 +/- SD 0.05 ng.mg-1 tissue in Sch-23390 group (n = 8, P less than 0.05).	Leucine	107-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
1685613-6	1991	The results suggested that the blockade of D1 receptors by l-THP might be responsible for the increase of the striatal Leu-Enk content in rat.	tetrahydropalmatine	59-64	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
1648715-5	1991	[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]Enkephalin also modulates morphine-induced antinociception, but has very low affinity for the delta cx binding site in vitro.	Morphine	41-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1648715-2	1991	Evidence that [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin interacts with high affinity at the delta cx binding site.	delta cx	76-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1685613-6	1991	The results suggested that the blockade of D1 receptors by l-THP might be responsible for the increase of the striatal Leu-Enk content in rat.	Leucine	119-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
1648715-4	1991	The ability of subantinociceptive doses of [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin to potentiate and attenuate morphine-induced antinociception, respectively, is thought to be mediated via their binding to the delta cx binding site.	Morphine	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
1648715-5	1991	[D-Pen2,D-Pen5]Enkephalin also modulates morphine-induced antinociception, but has very low affinity for the delta cx binding site in vitro.	delta cx	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1674475-4	1991	[Leu5]Enkephalin also reduced [3H]NA release, but higher concentrations were necessary.	Tritium	31-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
1988118-0	1991	Enhancement by methionine enkephalin of colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane.	Azoxymethane	72-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1988118-4	1991	A combination of Met-enkephalin and naloxone attenuated the enhancing effect by Met-enkephalin on the development of colonic tumors.	Naloxone	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
1988118-6	1991	During and after administration of the carcinogen, the bromodeoxyuridine-labeling indices of the colon mucosa and/or cancers were significantly increased in rats treated with Met-enkephalin.	Bromodeoxyuridine	55-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	179-189
1988118-9	1991	Because naloxone is an opioid receptor antagonist, these findings also indicate that the enhancing effect of Met-enkephalin on colon carcinogenesis may be mediated through opioid receptors.	Naloxone	8-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
1648715-4	1991	The ability of subantinociceptive doses of [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin to potentiate and attenuate morphine-induced antinociception, respectively, is thought to be mediated via their binding to the delta cx binding site.	Morphine	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
1648715-4	1991	The ability of subantinociceptive doses of [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin to potentiate and attenuate morphine-induced antinociception, respectively, is thought to be mediated via their binding to the delta cx binding site.	delta cx	208-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
1648715-4	1991	The ability of subantinociceptive doses of [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin to potentiate and attenuate morphine-induced antinociception, respectively, is thought to be mediated via their binding to the delta cx binding site.	delta cx	208-216	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
1851529-0	1991	Increased proenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat neostriatum following lesion of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reversal by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	Dopamine	109-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
1851529-0	1991	Increased proenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat neostriatum following lesion of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reversal by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	131-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
1851529-0	1991	Increased proenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat neostriatum following lesion of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reversal by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	mangion-purified polysaccharide (Candida albicans)	164-167	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
1851529-0	1991	Increased proenkephalin mRNA levels in the rat neostriatum following lesion of the ipsilateral nigrostriatal dopamine pathway with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reversal by embryonic nigral dopamine grafts.	Dopamine	200-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
1851529-1	1991	In situ hybridization studies were performed to study the changes in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the neostriatum of rats with long-term (18 months) unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and in animals bearing embryonic DA grafts implanted into the DA depleted striatum.	Dopamine	189-197	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
1851529-1	1991	In situ hybridization studies were performed to study the changes in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the neostriatum of rats with long-term (18 months) unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and in animals bearing embryonic DA grafts implanted into the DA depleted striatum.	Dopamine	199-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
1851529-1	1991	In situ hybridization studies were performed to study the changes in proenkephalin mRNA levels in the neostriatum of rats with long-term (18 months) unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) and in animals bearing embryonic DA grafts implanted into the DA depleted striatum.	1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	222-249	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
1674475-6	1991	The selective mu opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), concentration dependently reduced the stimulus-evoked release of [3H]NA to the same extent as beta-endorphin did.	nmephe4	50-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
1674475-6	1991	The selective mu opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), concentration dependently reduced the stimulus-evoked release of [3H]NA to the same extent as beta-endorphin did.	Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-	78-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
1674475-6	1991	The selective mu opioid receptor agonist, [D-Ala2,NMePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO), concentration dependently reduced the stimulus-evoked release of [3H]NA to the same extent as beta-endorphin did.	Tritium	151-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
12106216-5	1991	Cryostat sections of colchicine-treated Wistar rat brains were incubated with specific antisera against F8Famide, NPY, YGGFMRGL (Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu), or YGGFMRF (Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe) raised in rabbits.	Colchicine	21-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
1687937-8	1991	In contrast, enkephalin immunostaining was increased by 6-OHDA lesioning, and the effect was abolished by SKF-38393 but not LY-171555.	Oxidopamine	56-62	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
1850080-0	1991	Systemic administration of kainic acid differentially regulates the levels of prodynorphin and proenkephalin mRNA and peptides in the rat hippocampus.	Kainic Acid	27-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	95-108
12106216-5	1991	Cryostat sections of colchicine-treated Wistar rat brains were incubated with specific antisera against F8Famide, NPY, YGGFMRGL (Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu), or YGGFMRF (Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe) raised in rabbits.	Colchicine	21-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
1896133-4	1991	Methionin enkephalin immunostaining was unevenly distributed in the striatum of control animals.	N-acetylmethionine	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
1847734-0	1991	Morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin increase the intracellular free calcium in isolated rat myocytes--effect of naloxone or pretreatment with morphine.	nme-phe4	22-30	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1847734-0	1991	Morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin increase the intracellular free calcium in isolated rat myocytes--effect of naloxone or pretreatment with morphine.	gly-ol	32-38	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1847734-0	1991	Morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin increase the intracellular free calcium in isolated rat myocytes--effect of naloxone or pretreatment with morphine.	Calcium	83-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1847734-0	1991	Morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin increase the intracellular free calcium in isolated rat myocytes--effect of naloxone or pretreatment with morphine.	Naloxone	127-135	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1847734-0	1991	Morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin increase the intracellular free calcium in isolated rat myocytes--effect of naloxone or pretreatment with morphine.	Morphine	157-165	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1847734-1	1991	The purpose of the present study was firstly to determine whether morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO), a highly selective mu-agonist, increased intracellular free calcium of rat myocytes and secondly to determine whether opioid receptors were involved.	(d-ala2, nme-phe4	79-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
1847734-1	1991	The purpose of the present study was firstly to determine whether morphine and (D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO), a highly selective mu-agonist, increased intracellular free calcium of rat myocytes and secondly to determine whether opioid receptors were involved.	Calcium	185-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
1848338-1	1991	The effects of the potent delta opioid agonist (D-Pen2, D-Pen5)enkephalin (DPDPE) were studied on the endogenous levels and regional distribution of Zn2+ in rat central nervous system by means of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.	Zinc	149-153	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1656316-2	1991	Acute treatment (30 min) with forskolin (10(-5) M) or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (10(-7) M) resulted, respectively, in a two- and seven-fold increase in methionine-enkephalin secretion.	Colforsin	30-39	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
1717884-1	1991	Recent data have shown that [125I]D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(o)ol5-enkephalin (FK-33-824) is a highly selective and specific mu opioid receptor ligand [Moyse et al.	mephe4	42-48	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
1717884-1	1991	Recent data have shown that [125I]D-Ala2, MePhe4, Met(o)ol5-enkephalin (FK-33-824) is a highly selective and specific mu opioid receptor ligand [Moyse et al.	fk-33	72-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
1656316-2	1991	Acute treatment (30 min) with forskolin (10(-5) M) or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (10(-7) M) resulted, respectively, in a two- and seven-fold increase in methionine-enkephalin secretion.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	54-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
1896133-6	1991	Seven months after the lesion of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, methionin enkephalin immunostaining was found to be increased in the denervated striatum by about 50%.	N-acetylmethionine	73-82	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
1656316-2	1991	Acute treatment (30 min) with forskolin (10(-5) M) or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (10(-7) M) resulted, respectively, in a two- and seven-fold increase in methionine-enkephalin secretion.	Methionine	158-168	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
1683474-4	1991	Furthermore, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was prevented by D2 antagonists in a concentration-dependent manner.	[d-ala2, d-leu5	13-28	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1656316-3	1991	Chronic treatment with forskolin or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (24 h) induced a 100% increase in methionine-enkephalin content (forskolin) and on the other hand a 50% decrease in methionine-enkephalin (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate).	Colforsin	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
1656316-3	1991	Chronic treatment with forskolin or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (24 h) induced a 100% increase in methionine-enkephalin content (forskolin) and on the other hand a 50% decrease in methionine-enkephalin (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate).	Colforsin	23-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
1656316-3	1991	Chronic treatment with forskolin or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (24 h) induced a 100% increase in methionine-enkephalin content (forskolin) and on the other hand a 50% decrease in methionine-enkephalin (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	36-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
1656316-3	1991	Chronic treatment with forskolin or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (24 h) induced a 100% increase in methionine-enkephalin content (forskolin) and on the other hand a 50% decrease in methionine-enkephalin (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	36-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
1656316-3	1991	Chronic treatment with forskolin or phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate (24 h) induced a 100% increase in methionine-enkephalin content (forskolin) and on the other hand a 50% decrease in methionine-enkephalin (phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate).	Colforsin	133-142	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
1656316-6	1991	However, after stimulation with phorbol 12 myristate 13 acetate, the more potent methionine-enkephalin secretagogue, increased peptide synthesis is not sufficient to replenish methionine-enkephalin intracellular stores.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	32-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
1659673-6	1991	[D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin produced a dose-related, naloxone-reversible inhibition of both the formalin-evoked pain behavior and fos expression in the cord.	nme-phe4	9-17	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1659673-6	1991	[D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin produced a dose-related, naloxone-reversible inhibition of both the formalin-evoked pain behavior and fos expression in the cord.	Naloxone	63-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1659673-6	1991	[D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin produced a dose-related, naloxone-reversible inhibition of both the formalin-evoked pain behavior and fos expression in the cord.	Formaldehyde	106-114	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1659673-10	1991	Furthermore, the dose of [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin which produced approximately 50% inhibition of fos-like immunoreactivity in the neck and ventral regions of the spinal cord was without effect in the superficial dorsal horn.	nme-phe4	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1659673-10	1991	Furthermore, the dose of [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin which produced approximately 50% inhibition of fos-like immunoreactivity in the neck and ventral regions of the spinal cord was without effect in the superficial dorsal horn.	gly-ol5	44-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1674114-0	1991	Immunohistochemical localization of [Met5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 in sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons and nerve fibers projecting to the rat submandibular gland.	arg6-gly7-leu8	74-88	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1683474-4	1991	Furthermore, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was prevented by D2 antagonists in a concentration-dependent manner.	Glutamic Acid	54-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1683474-4	1991	Furthermore, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was prevented by D2 antagonists in a concentration-dependent manner.	Acetylcholine	71-84	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1683474-5	1991	Instead, in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned side, while [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (1 microM) inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was completely abolished, morphine (1 microM) inhibition remained unchanged.	Oxidopamine	16-33	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1683474-5	1991	Instead, in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned side, while [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (1 microM) inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was completely abolished, morphine (1 microM) inhibition remained unchanged.	Glutamic Acid	107-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1683474-5	1991	Instead, in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned side, while [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (1 microM) inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was completely abolished, morphine (1 microM) inhibition remained unchanged.	Acetylcholine	124-137	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1683474-5	1991	Instead, in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned side, while [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (1 microM) inhibition of glutamate-evoked acetylcholine release was completely abolished, morphine (1 microM) inhibition remained unchanged.	Morphine	172-180	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1646998-3	1991	Using binding surface analysis and irreversible ligands to increase the "resolving power" of the ligand binding assay, the results indicated that chronic morphine increased both the Bmax and Kd of the opioid receptor complex, labeled with either [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin or [3H]6-desoxy-6 beta-fluoronaltreone.	Morphine	154-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	265-275
1683475-4	1991	The area of enkephalin-immunoreactive synaptic bouton profiles was significantly larger in the dopamine-depleted neostriatum and this increase was maximal in rats in which the lesion had been made 26 days or 13 months previously (50% increase).	Dopamine	95-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1646998-3	1991	Using binding surface analysis and irreversible ligands to increase the "resolving power" of the ligand binding assay, the results indicated that chronic morphine increased both the Bmax and Kd of the opioid receptor complex, labeled with either [3H][D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, [3H][D-Ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin or [3H]6-desoxy-6 beta-fluoronaltreone.	Morphine	154-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	304-314
2014216-11	1991	Leu-D(Ala)2-enkephalin, while showing enhanced stability against aminopeptidase hydrolysis, is hydrolyzed at the Gly-Phe bond by the endopeptidase.	Glycine	113-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1683475-8	1991	The increase in enkephalin immunoreactivity observed in the dopamine-depleted neostriatum in previous studies may be explained by the increase in the size of enkephalin-immunoreactive synaptic boutons found in the present ultrastructural investigation.	Dopamine	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
2014216-11	1991	Leu-D(Ala)2-enkephalin, while showing enhanced stability against aminopeptidase hydrolysis, is hydrolyzed at the Gly-Phe bond by the endopeptidase.	Phenylalanine	117-120	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1683475-8	1991	The increase in enkephalin immunoreactivity observed in the dopamine-depleted neostriatum in previous studies may be explained by the increase in the size of enkephalin-immunoreactive synaptic boutons found in the present ultrastructural investigation.	Dopamine	60-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
1881995-1	1991	The aim of this paper is to study the effect of 1, 2 or 3 months" administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ), thioridazine (TDZ) (2 or 6 mg/kg) or haloperidol (HAL) (0.25 or 1 mg/kg) IP on the level of leu- and met-enkephalin (ENK) in striatum.	Haloperidol	156-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	223-226
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Nicotine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Tyrosine	31-34	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2052491-0	1991	Nicotine-induced alteration in Tyr-Gly-Gly and Met-enkephalin in discrete brain nuclei reflects altered enkephalin neuron activity.	Glycylglycine	35-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2052491-3	1991	Acute administration of nicotine may alter enkephalin release without affecting brain enkephalin level.	Nicotine	24-32	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2052491-5	1991	Concentrations of Tyr-Gly-Gly in brain were used to provide an index of enkephalin release in vivo.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	18-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2052491-6	1991	Thus we examined the thesis that nicotine alters brain neuronal enkephalin release, by measuring Tyr-Gly-Gly levels in specific brain nuclei from rats treated with nicotine 0.3 mg/kg SC 10 min before decapitation.	Nicotine	33-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
2052491-8	1991	Concomitantly, nicotine produced a significant decrease in native Met-enkephalin in central amygdala, flocculo-nodular lobe of cerebellum, caudal part of the ventrolateral medulla and intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord.	Nicotine	15-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	35-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	56-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
2052491-9	1991	It is probable that the effects of nicotine to increase Tyr-Gly-Gly and alter Met-enkephalin concentration are mediated by nicotine-induced release of enkephalin at these brain sites.	Nicotine	123-131	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
2052491-10	1991	Furthermore, some of the physiologic and pharmacologic effects of nicotine may be mediated by such enkephalin release.	Nicotine	66-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
1881995-3	1991	Apomorphine pretreatment significantly attenuated the elevation in ENK produced by chronic injections of NL.	Apomorphine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
1881995-4	1991	In perfusion fluid obtained from the lateral ventricle of animals treated 1 month with HAL a dose-dependent increase of ENK levels was observed, which was augmented by potassium ions.	Haloperidol	87-90	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1881995-4	1991	In perfusion fluid obtained from the lateral ventricle of animals treated 1 month with HAL a dose-dependent increase of ENK levels was observed, which was augmented by potassium ions.	Potassium	168-177	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1705673-2	1990	SP immunoreactivity is found to increase from 1 day postnatal (DPN) up to 20 DPN and decrease thereafter, whereas the SER and Leu-ENK-immunoreactive fibres and terminals seen as occasional fibres at 1, 5, and 10 DPN are better visualized from 20 DPN and gradually increase up to 40 DPN.	Leucine	126-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
1707718-0	1990	The adaptation of enkephalin, tachykinin and monoamine neurons of the basal ganglia following neonatal dopaminergic denervation is dependent on the extent of dopamine depletion.	Dopamine	103-111	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
1707724-3	1990	To determine whether there is a sex difference in steroid hormone regulation of PE gene expression we have examined the effects of estrogen and testosterone on PE mRNA levels in male rats.	Testosterone	144-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	160-162
2173759-6	1990	Evidence for a peripheral site of action of enkephalin-like peptides in this model was provided by the antagonism of the actions of thiorphan/bestatin by quaternary naltrexone (10-20 mg kg-1 s.c.).	Thiorphan	132-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1701460-9	1990	In addition, the coexistence of 5HT with ENK appears to be much less common than the coexistence of 5HT with either SP or ppT.	Serotonin	32-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
2082716-3	1990	To test the possible involvement of the enteric nervous system in the STa-stimulated alkaline secretion and potential difference, the mesenteric nerves were electrically stimulated or neuropeptide Y or methionine-enkephalin was infused intravenously.	sta	70-73	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
1979718-6	1990	[D-Ala2,NMe-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GIP-stimulated SLI secretion, with 50% of maximal inhibition at 10 nM.	nme-phe4	8-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2280210-6	1990	On the day following cessation of prednisolone treatment at 09.00 h, basal and stress levels of CRF mRNA were significantly higher in rats killed at 20.00 h than at 13.00 h. Proenkephalin A mRNA transcripts were below quantifiable levels of detection in control or non-stressed prednisolone-treated animals at all the time-points studied.	Prednisolone	34-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	174-189
2293097-1	1990	The distribution of [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL)-immunoreactive (-IR) neurons and its modification after enucleation have been investigated in the rat superior colliculus.	arg6-gly7-leu8	36-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2173759-6	1990	Evidence for a peripheral site of action of enkephalin-like peptides in this model was provided by the antagonism of the actions of thiorphan/bestatin by quaternary naltrexone (10-20 mg kg-1 s.c.).	Naltrexone	165-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2175238-7	1990	In contrast, the mu agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin consistently inhibited nociceptive responses of both multireceptive and nocispecific lamina I cells.	mephe4	37-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1965778-5	1990	With leucinthiol-enkephalin in biological assays which examine its inhibitory activity for electrically stimulated contractions of isolated smooth muscle, it was found that the reactive thiol group exists in the mu receptors present in the guinea pig ileum.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	11-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
1965778-6	1990	Leucinthiol-enkephalin became bound covalently to this receptor-thiol group via disulfide formation after prolonged incubation.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	6-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1965778-6	1990	Leucinthiol-enkephalin became bound covalently to this receptor-thiol group via disulfide formation after prolonged incubation.	Disulfides	80-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1982556-3	1990	Rauwolscine 1 mumol/l antagonized the effects of both noradrenaline and UK 14,304, but potentiated the effects of [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin.	Yohimbine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
1982556-3	1990	Rauwolscine 1 mumol/l antagonized the effects of both noradrenaline and UK 14,304, but potentiated the effects of [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin.	Yohimbine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
1982556-6	1990	Naloxone 0.1 mumol/l antagonized both [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, but failed to alter the effects of either noradrenaline or UK 14,304.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1982556-6	1990	Naloxone 0.1 mumol/l antagonized both [Met5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin, but failed to alter the effects of either noradrenaline or UK 14,304.	Naloxone	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
1982556-9	1990	Noradrenaline 10 mumol/l produced the same depression of firing, both in the presence of noradrenaline 1 mumol/l and [Met5]enkephalin 0.03 mumol/l.	Norepinephrine	0-13	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2176915-2	1990	[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE), applied by perfusion (0.01-3 microM) or droplets, dose-dependently hyperpolarized 85% of the DMV neurons tested.	(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid	130-133	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2175238-7	1990	In contrast, the mu agonist [D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin consistently inhibited nociceptive responses of both multireceptive and nocispecific lamina I cells.	gly-ol	45-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2273455-5	1990	In view of the inhibitory effect of puromycin on the hydrolysis of leucine enkephalin, it was assumed that a significant fraction of the [3H]tyr-leucine enkephalin was absorbed intact in the presence of this substance.	Puromycin	36-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
2222848-13	1990	It is envisaged that a dopamine-enkephalin link underlies the mechanism for the onset, maintenance and permanency of alcohol preference generated by an aldehyde adduct.	Dopamine	23-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2222848-13	1990	It is envisaged that a dopamine-enkephalin link underlies the mechanism for the onset, maintenance and permanency of alcohol preference generated by an aldehyde adduct.	Alcohols	117-124	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2222848-13	1990	It is envisaged that a dopamine-enkephalin link underlies the mechanism for the onset, maintenance and permanency of alcohol preference generated by an aldehyde adduct.	Aldehydes	152-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
1697899-0	1990	Effect of acute and daily neurotensin and enkephalin treatments on extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	81-89	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
1697899-1	1990	The injection of neurotensin or the enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol) (DAMGO) into the A10 region of rats produces a motor stimulant effect that is associated with an increase in the postmortem levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens.	tyr-d-ala-gly-mephe-gly	54-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1697899-1	1990	The injection of neurotensin or the enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol) (DAMGO) into the A10 region of rats produces a motor stimulant effect that is associated with an increase in the postmortem levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens.	ol	78-80	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1697899-1	1990	The injection of neurotensin or the enkephalin analog Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Gly(ol) (DAMGO) into the A10 region of rats produces a motor stimulant effect that is associated with an increase in the postmortem levels of dopamine metabolites in the nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	216-224	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
2273455-3	1990	The major pathway for transport of radioactivity into the blood from the nasal cavity appeared to be hydrolysis of [3H]tyr-leucine enkephalin to [3H]L-tyrosine, followed by absorption of [3H]L-tyrosine.	Tritium	116-119	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
2273455-3	1990	The major pathway for transport of radioactivity into the blood from the nasal cavity appeared to be hydrolysis of [3H]tyr-leucine enkephalin to [3H]L-tyrosine, followed by absorption of [3H]L-tyrosine.	3h]l-tyrosine	146-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
2273455-3	1990	The major pathway for transport of radioactivity into the blood from the nasal cavity appeared to be hydrolysis of [3H]tyr-leucine enkephalin to [3H]L-tyrosine, followed by absorption of [3H]L-tyrosine.	Tritium	116-118	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
2273455-3	1990	The major pathway for transport of radioactivity into the blood from the nasal cavity appeared to be hydrolysis of [3H]tyr-leucine enkephalin to [3H]L-tyrosine, followed by absorption of [3H]L-tyrosine.	Tyrosine	149-159	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
2273455-4	1990	When puromycin was added to the nasal solution in concentrations at which the in vitro hydrolysis of leucine enkephalin was completely inhibited, the appearance of radioactivity in the plasma was slowed, but plasma concentrations of radioactivity eventually reached levels comparable to those observed in the absence of puromycin.	Puromycin	5-14	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2177154-4	1990	The kappa 2 ligands (Met5)enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 and etorphine also show high affinities to the frog brain.	arg6-phe7	37-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1963478-2	1990	Morphine or [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAGO) were used as mu-receptor agonists.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	12-29	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2177154-5	1990	Kappa 1 binding sites measured in the presence of 5 microM/D-Ala2-Leu5/enkephalin represent 25-30% of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine binding in frog brain membranes.	Tritium	103-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2233751-3	1990	To distinguish between these possibilities, the translational status of proenkephalin mRNA in the rat heart was established by Northern blot analysis of sucrose density gradient-sedimented polysomal fractions and compared to the striatum, which is known to efficiently translate proenkephalin transcripts.	Sucrose	153-160	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	72-85
2177154-5	1990	Kappa 1 binding sites measured in the presence of 5 microM/D-Ala2-Leu5/enkephalin represent 25-30% of [3H]ethylketocyclazocine binding in frog brain membranes.	Ethylketocyclazocine	106-126	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2233751-6	1990	RIA of the culture media and extracts from primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes indicated the presence of immunoreactive Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7, which was stimulated by 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)cAMP.	8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP	182-208	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
2177154-6	1990	The kappa 2 subtype in frog brain resembles more to the mu subtype than the delta subtype of opioid receptors, but it differs from the mu subtype in displaying low affinity toward beta-endorphin and /D-Ala2-(Me)Phe4-Gly5-ol/enkephalin (DAGO).	-ala2-(me)phe4-gly5-ol	201-223	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
1981853-0	1990	Nigrostriatal dopamine mediates the stimulatory effects of corticotropin releasing factor on methionine-enkephalin and dynorphin release from the rat neostriatum.	Dopamine	14-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
1981853-3	1990	In the neostriatal slices of 6-OHDA-lesioned striata, both the basal release and tissue content of Met-enkephalin were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher (2-fold) than those of control animals and the contralateral hemisphere of 6-OHDA-lesioned animals; however, neither the basal release nor the tissue content of dynorphin in 6-OHDA-lesioned striata was significantly different from control striata.	Oxidopamine	29-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
1981853-4	1990	In response to CRF (10(-10) M) the release of both Met-enkephalin and dynorphin were significantly diminished in slices of 6-OHDA-lesioned striata.	Oxidopamine	123-129	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
1981853-6	1990	However, the results of this study demonstrate that the action of CRF on Met-enkephalin as well as dynorphin release from the rat neostriatum is DA dependent.	amsonic acid	145-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2177042-0	1990	Single residue modifications of the delta opioid receptor selective peptide, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]-enkephalin (DPDPE).	Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-	105-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1700926-6	1990	Furthermore, the THC-treated animals had significantly elevated beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin levels in almost all the brain areas sampled for the study.	Dronabinol	17-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
1977070-1	1990	The purpose of this study was to obtain direct evidence that the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway modulates the metabolism of striatal dynorphin and [Met5]-enkephalin.	Dopamine	79-87	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
1977070-1	1990	The purpose of this study was to obtain direct evidence that the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway modulates the metabolism of striatal dynorphin and [Met5]-enkephalin.	Dopamine	89-91	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
1977070-8	1990	In contrast, [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in the striatum was increased by a 6-OHDA-lesion (145% of contralateral control), which was blocked by repeated administration of APO but not AMP.	Oxidopamine	96-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
1977070-8	1990	In contrast, [Met5]-enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in the striatum was increased by a 6-OHDA-lesion (145% of contralateral control), which was blocked by repeated administration of APO but not AMP.	Dextroamphetamine	203-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
2177042-2	1990	Six analogs of the highly delta opioid receptor selective, conformationally restricted, cyclic peptide [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin, Tyr-D-Pen-Gly-Phe-D-PenOH (DPDPE), were synthesized and evaluated for opioid activity in rat brain receptor binding and mouse vas deferens (MVD) smooth muscle assays.	Enkephalin, pen(2,5)-	130-155	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
1976803-9	1990	Morphine, [Met5]enkephalin (ME) and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) depressed the amplitude of the GABA-mediated synaptic potential by a maximum of 50-65% and had little effect on the excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic potential.	[d-ala2,n-me-phe4	36-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
19215377-11	1990	Also in these cases the enkephalin analogue decreased LH and elevated growth hormone plasma levels, and naloxone brought about a rise in LH and a diminution of growth hormone concentration.	Luteinizing Hormone	54-56	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
1976803-9	1990	Morphine, [Met5]enkephalin (ME) and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) depressed the amplitude of the GABA-mediated synaptic potential by a maximum of 50-65% and had little effect on the excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic potential.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	113-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
1976803-9	1990	Morphine, [Met5]enkephalin (ME) and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) depressed the amplitude of the GABA-mediated synaptic potential by a maximum of 50-65% and had little effect on the excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic potential.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	113-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1976803-9	1990	Morphine, [Met5]enkephalin (ME) and [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO) depressed the amplitude of the GABA-mediated synaptic potential by a maximum of 50-65% and had little effect on the excitatory amino acid-mediated synaptic potential.	Excitatory Amino Acids	198-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2214369-1	1990	The physical dependence potential of Tyr-D-Met(O)-Gly-EtPhe-NHNHCOCH3.AcOH (EK-399), a novel enkephalin analog with a potent analgesic effect, was assessed in rats.	Acetic Acid	70-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1698246-0	1990	Striatal preprotachykinin and preproenkephalin mRNA levels and the levels of nigral substance P and pallidal Met5-enkephalin depend on corticostriatal axons that use the excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters aspartate and glutamate: quantitative radioimmunocytochemical and in situ hybridization evidence.	Excitatory Amino Acids	170-191	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1976029-1	1990	Kelatorphan, an inhibitor of the enkephalin-degrading enzymes, infused by microdialysis (10(-6) M) in the striatum of anaesthetized rats, significantly increased dopamine (DA) output but left dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid extracellular levels unchanged.	kelatorphan	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
2164573-6	1990	Scatchard analysis of binding of the mu-specific ligand [3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin to embryonic striatal cell membranes revealed an apparent single class of sites with an affinity (KD) of 0.4 +/- 0.1 nM and a density (Bmax) of 160 +/- 20 fmol/mg of protein.	Tritium	57-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2164573-6	1990	Scatchard analysis of binding of the mu-specific ligand [3H]D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin to embryonic striatal cell membranes revealed an apparent single class of sites with an affinity (KD) of 0.4 +/- 0.1 nM and a density (Bmax) of 160 +/- 20 fmol/mg of protein.	n-me-phe4	67-76	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2167356-4	1990	In PC12 and C6-glioma cells, depolarization-induced expression of a transfected proenkephalin fusion gene was proportional to extracellular calcium concentration and was inhibited by verapamil.	Calcium	140-147	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-93
2167356-4	1990	In PC12 and C6-glioma cells, depolarization-induced expression of a transfected proenkephalin fusion gene was proportional to extracellular calcium concentration and was inhibited by verapamil.	Verapamil	183-192	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-93
1966375-3	1990	The delta-selective agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50, 488H both inhibited control and Ca(2+)-stimulated [3H]-diprenorphine binding to the sarcolemma, whereas [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]-enkephalin was ineffective.	u-50	88-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
2173185-0	1990	[The effect of modification of the carboxyl group in short D-arginine 2-containing enkephalin analogs on their affinity and selectivity for opiate receptors].	d-arginine 2	59-71	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
2173185-2	1990	The affinity to mu-specific opiate receptor subtype of the N-terminal [D-Arg2] tetrapeptide ethyl ester was 44 times as high as that of the tripeptide with a free carboxyl, and thus the ester retained up to 10% of leucine-enkephalin binding potency.	ethyl ester	92-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	222-232
2173185-2	1990	The affinity to mu-specific opiate receptor subtype of the N-terminal [D-Arg2] tetrapeptide ethyl ester was 44 times as high as that of the tripeptide with a free carboxyl, and thus the ester retained up to 10% of leucine-enkephalin binding potency.	Esters	98-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	222-232
2173185-5	1990	Substitution of the natural glycine residue by D-arginine residue in position 2 of the enkephalin molecule truncated at the C-terminus increased the mu-receptor binding potency of the tetrapeptide, whereas its delta receptor binding potency declined by more than one order of magnitude.	Glycine	28-35	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2173185-5	1990	Substitution of the natural glycine residue by D-arginine residue in position 2 of the enkephalin molecule truncated at the C-terminus increased the mu-receptor binding potency of the tetrapeptide, whereas its delta receptor binding potency declined by more than one order of magnitude.	D-Arginine	47-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	glycine2	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	glycine2	28-36	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	d-arginine2	40-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	d-arginine2	40-51	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	tyr--d--arg--gly--phe--nh2	117-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
2173185-6	1990	Simultaneous replacement of glycine2 by D-arginine2 and carboxyl amidation resulted in the short enkephalin analogue Tyr--D--Arg--Gly--Phe--NH2, whose affinity to mu receptors was four times as high as that of leucine--enkephalin, the tetrapeptide being 284 times more selective for the mu vs. delta opiate receptors.	tyr--d--arg--gly--phe--nh2	117-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
2207626-9	1990	These data suggest that in the presence of a strong thermal stimulus, the behavioral response is subject to a tonically active or stimulus-evoked modulation by the local release in the PAG, VM and AM of an agent, presumably an enkephalin peptide, the degradation of which is altered by enkephalinase inhibition.	phenylacetylglycine	185-188	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
2166200-0	1990	Estradiol induction of proenkephalin messenger RNA in hypothalamus: dose-response and relation to reproductive behavior in the female rat.	Estradiol	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	23-36
2166200-4	1990	Estradiol treatment led to a monotonic dose-dependent increase in PE mRNA level in VMN, while only a small effect was observed in POA at the higher estradiol doses.	Estradiol	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-68
2381499-3	1990	Leu-ENK significantly reduced K(+)-evoked DA release in young animals, but neither opiate affected DA release in old animals.	Leucine	0-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2381499-3	1990	Leu-ENK significantly reduced K(+)-evoked DA release in young animals, but neither opiate affected DA release in old animals.	Dopamine	42-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2166675-3	1990	In the frontal cortex, the mu agonist, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO, 0.01-1 microM), also inhibited the evoked release of tritium.	mephe4	47-53	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2166675-3	1990	In the frontal cortex, the mu agonist, [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAGO, 0.01-1 microM), also inhibited the evoked release of tritium.	Tritium	133-140	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
2166675-5	1990	[14C]ACh release from both the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but not from the frontal cortex, was inhibited by DAGO (0.01-1 microM) and the delta agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.01-1 microM).	Carbon-14	1-4	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
2166675-5	1990	[14C]ACh release from both the nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle, but not from the frontal cortex, was inhibited by DAGO (0.01-1 microM) and the delta agonist, [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE, 0.01-1 microM).	Acetylcholine	5-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
1966375-3	1990	The delta-selective agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50, 488H both inhibited control and Ca(2+)-stimulated [3H]-diprenorphine binding to the sarcolemma, whereas [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]-enkephalin was ineffective.	488h	94-98	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
1966375-3	1990	The delta-selective agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50, 488H both inhibited control and Ca(2+)-stimulated [3H]-diprenorphine binding to the sarcolemma, whereas [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]-enkephalin was ineffective.	3h]-diprenorphine	145-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
1966375-3	1990	The delta-selective agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50, 488H both inhibited control and Ca(2+)-stimulated [3H]-diprenorphine binding to the sarcolemma, whereas [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]-enkephalin was ineffective.	3h]-diprenorphine	145-162	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
1966375-3	1990	The delta-selective agonist [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin and the kappa-selective agonist U-50, 488H both inhibited control and Ca(2+)-stimulated [3H]-diprenorphine binding to the sarcolemma, whereas [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-(ol)5]-enkephalin was ineffective.	[d-ala2,mephe4	198-212	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
19215358-2	1990	The specific mu agonist, DAGO ((D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5))-enkephalin) was the most effective in eliciting prolactin release, the smallest effective dose being 0.01 nmoles.	nme-phe	42-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Thioridazine	97-109	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Clozapine	123-132	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Molindone	137-146	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
19215358-2	1990	The specific mu agonist, DAGO ((D-Ala(2), NMe-Phe(4), Gly-ol(5))-enkephalin) was the most effective in eliciting prolactin release, the smallest effective dose being 0.01 nmoles.	gly-ol	54-60	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Thioridazine	160-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Molindone	177-186	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
2143133-8	1990	Boroleucine prolonged the leucine enkephalin degradation half-life 1.6-1.9-fold in each medium at 0.1 microM concentrations, 1/1000th the concentration of leucine enkephalin.	boroleucine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Clozapine	200-209	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Thioridazine	160-172	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Molindone	177-186	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-3	1990	All three atypical neuroleptics studied increased PEK mRNA in the following order: anterior-CPU, thioridazine greater than clozapine and molindone; medial-CPU, thioridazine and molindone greater than clozapine; and NAc, thioridazine much greater than molindone and clozapine.	Clozapine	200-209	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
1971007-4	1990	Chronic treatment with the specific dopamine D2 antagonist sulpiride also caused elevation in PEK mRNA levels in all three brain regions studied whereas the specific serotonin S2 receptor blocker, cinanserin, had no significant effects on PEK mRNA levels.	Dopamine	36-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
1971007-4	1990	Chronic treatment with the specific dopamine D2 antagonist sulpiride also caused elevation in PEK mRNA levels in all three brain regions studied whereas the specific serotonin S2 receptor blocker, cinanserin, had no significant effects on PEK mRNA levels.	Sulpiride	59-68	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
2364280-1	1990	Methionine (Met) enkephalin is detectable in rat hypothalamic and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) tissue extracts using a specific radioimmunoassay.	Methionine	0-10	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2364280-1	1990	Methionine (Met) enkephalin is detectable in rat hypothalamic and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) tissue extracts using a specific radioimmunoassay.	Methionine	12-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2364280-5	1990	Amounts of Met-enkephalin in these tissues were further decreased after 12 days of 340 mmol NaCl/l (3.4 +/- 0.4 and 6.0 +/- 0.6 pmol).	Sodium Chloride	92-96	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2143133-8	1990	Boroleucine prolonged the leucine enkephalin degradation half-life 1.6-1.9-fold in each medium at 0.1 microM concentrations, 1/1000th the concentration of leucine enkephalin.	boroleucine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
2143133-10	1990	Boroleucine also inhibited the degradation of des-tyrosyl-leucine enkephalin added to whole blood, but did not inhibit its degradation in muscle or brain homogenates.	boroleucine	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
1969475-4	1990	Dynorphin 1-17, 1-9, 1-8, 1-6, [Leu5]enkephalin, DPDPE and DSLET dose dependently stimulated the tone in the proximal, middle and distal colon with the maximum response at 10(-6) to 10(-5) M. The stimulation produced by Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe and Tyr-Gly-Gly was 60 and 600 times less potent, respectively.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycyl-phenylalanyl	220-235	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2350675-6	1990	Thus, enkephalin and CCK interact to modulate amphetamine-induced locomotor stereotypy.	Amphetamine	46-57	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
2313292-0	1990	Haloperidol-induced increase in striatal concentration of the tripeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly, provides an index of increased enkephalin release in vivo.	Haloperidol	0-11	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2313292-0	1990	Haloperidol-induced increase in striatal concentration of the tripeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly, provides an index of increased enkephalin release in vivo.	tripeptide K-26	62-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2313292-0	1990	Haloperidol-induced increase in striatal concentration of the tripeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly, provides an index of increased enkephalin release in vivo.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	74-85	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2313292-1	1990	A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for the tripeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly, which has been shown previously to be an extraneuronal metabolite of opioid peptides derived from proenkephalin A.	tripeptide K-26	69-79	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	192-207
2313292-1	1990	A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for the tripeptide, Tyr-Gly-Gly, which has been shown previously to be an extraneuronal metabolite of opioid peptides derived from proenkephalin A.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	81-92	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	192-207
2313292-5	1990	Further confirmation of the validity of measurements of brain Tyr-Gly-Gly as indices of enkephalin release under conditions of altered neuronal activity was provided by our demonstration that chronic dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol increased striatal concentrations of both Met-enkephalin and Tyr-Gly-Gly.	Haloperidol	232-243	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2313292-5	1990	Further confirmation of the validity of measurements of brain Tyr-Gly-Gly as indices of enkephalin release under conditions of altered neuronal activity was provided by our demonstration that chronic dopamine receptor blockade with haloperidol increased striatal concentrations of both Met-enkephalin and Tyr-Gly-Gly.	Haloperidol	232-243	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	290-300
2182020-3	1990	Processing of 35S-(Met)-PPE, as well as endogenous enkephalin intermediates, was inhibited by pepstatin A and stimulated by DTT.	pepstatin	94-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2182020-3	1990	Processing of 35S-(Met)-PPE, as well as endogenous enkephalin intermediates, was inhibited by pepstatin A and stimulated by DTT.	Dithiothreitol	124-127	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
2158852-4	1990	The delta-receptor selective opioid peptide [D-Pen2, D-Pen5]enkephalin (0.3 micromol/l) inhibited [3H]acetylcholine release in all groups, although its effect was smaller in grafts than in normal tissue.	Acetylcholine	98-115	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
2158852-5	1990	The preferential mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin also reduced [3H]acetylcholine release in all groups, but only at the high concentration of 10 micromols/l.	n-methyl-phe4,	45-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2158852-5	1990	The preferential mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin also reduced [3H]acetylcholine release in all groups, but only at the high concentration of 10 micromols/l.	Tritium	92-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2158852-5	1990	The preferential mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2,N-methyl-Phe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin also reduced [3H]acetylcholine release in all groups, but only at the high concentration of 10 micromols/l.	Acetylcholine	95-108	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2350675-0	1990	Enkephalin prevents CCK-induced enhancement of amphetamine-induced locomotor stereotypy.	Amphetamine	47-58	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2162234-3	1990	Intravenous administration of 300 nmol of Leu-Enk mimicked the effects observed following intrathecal administration.	Leucine	42-45	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
2162234-4	1990	The hypertensive effect of intrathecal and intravenous Leu-Enk administration was blocked by prior systemic administration (10 mg/kg) of the nicotinic ganglion blocker hexamethonium, suggesting that the effect was mediated via sympathetic activation.	Hexamethonium	168-181	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1968961-1	1990	[3H]Dynorphin A(1-8) is readily metabolised by rat lumbosacral spinal cord tissue in vitro, affording a variety of products including a significant amount (20% recovered activity) of [3H][Leu5]enkephalin.	Tritium	1-3	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
1968961-1	1990	[3H]Dynorphin A(1-8) is readily metabolised by rat lumbosacral spinal cord tissue in vitro, affording a variety of products including a significant amount (20% recovered activity) of [3H][Leu5]enkephalin.	Tritium	184-186	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
1968961-2	1990	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors bestatin, captopril, thiorphan, and leucyl-leucine, [3H][Leu5]enkephalin was the major metabolic product, accounting for 60% of recovered activity.	Captopril	54-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
1968961-2	1990	In the presence of the peptidase inhibitors bestatin, captopril, thiorphan, and leucyl-leucine, [3H][Leu5]enkephalin was the major metabolic product, accounting for 60% of recovered activity.	leucylleucine	80-94	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
2182020-0	1990	Cleavage of recombinant enkephalin precursor by endoproteolytic activity in bovine chromaffin granules.	chromaffin	83-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2182020-1	1990	To identify endoproteolytic activity that processes the enkephalin precursor, a novel approach was undertaken for the production of model substrate in the form of recombinant 35S-(Met)-preproenkephalin (35S-(Met)-PPE), generated by in vitro transcription and translation of the rat PPE cDNA.	35s-(met)-preproenkephalin	175-201	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
2158845-4	1990	There were high affinity binding sites for [3H]-[D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGOL), [3H]-U69593, and [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) on spinal cord membranes from neonatal rats.	Tritium	44-46	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2158845-4	1990	There were high affinity binding sites for [3H]-[D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGOL), [3H]-U69593, and [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) on spinal cord membranes from neonatal rats.	mephe4	57-63	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2158845-4	1990	There were high affinity binding sites for [3H]-[D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGOL), [3H]-U69593, and [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) on spinal cord membranes from neonatal rats.	Ethylketocyclazocine	116-136	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2158845-4	1990	There were high affinity binding sites for [3H]-[D-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]enkephalin (DAGOL), [3H]-U69593, and [3H]-ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) on spinal cord membranes from neonatal rats.	Ethylketocyclazocine	138-141	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2312790-1	1990	By using both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods, Met5-Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL)-like immunoreactive structures were detected in the pelvic ganglion of male rats.	arg6-gly7-leu8	89-103	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2312790-1	1990	By using both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods, Met5-Enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (MEAGL)-like immunoreactive structures were detected in the pelvic ganglion of male rats.	Tyr-gly-gly-phe-met-arg-gly-leu	105-110	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
1969475-4	1990	Dynorphin 1-17, 1-9, 1-8, 1-6, [Leu5]enkephalin, DPDPE and DSLET dose dependently stimulated the tone in the proximal, middle and distal colon with the maximum response at 10(-6) to 10(-5) M. The stimulation produced by Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe and Tyr-Gly-Gly was 60 and 600 times less potent, respectively.	tyrosyl-glycyl-glycine	220-231	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2157527-2	1990	Both morphine (10(-3)-10(-5) M) and methionine-enkephalin (M-Enk; 10(-5) M) inhibited the enhanced [3H]noradrenaline [( 3H]NA) release evoked by high concentrations of K+ from synaptosomes and these inhibitory actions were antagonized by naloxone (10(-4), 10(-5) M).	3h]noradrenaline	100-116	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2177189-1	1990	The effects of ethanol administration on binding characteristics of the highly selective mu and delta opioid receptor agonists 8H-[D-Ala2-MePhe4-Gly5-ol]enkephalin (3H-DAGO) and 3H-[D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin (3H-DPDPE), respectively, were investigated in the rat brain.	Ethanol	15-22	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
2157527-2	1990	Both morphine (10(-3)-10(-5) M) and methionine-enkephalin (M-Enk; 10(-5) M) inhibited the enhanced [3H]noradrenaline [( 3H]NA) release evoked by high concentrations of K+ from synaptosomes and these inhibitory actions were antagonized by naloxone (10(-4), 10(-5) M).	Tritium	100-102	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2157527-2	1990	Both morphine (10(-3)-10(-5) M) and methionine-enkephalin (M-Enk; 10(-5) M) inhibited the enhanced [3H]noradrenaline [( 3H]NA) release evoked by high concentrations of K+ from synaptosomes and these inhibitory actions were antagonized by naloxone (10(-4), 10(-5) M).	Naloxone	238-246	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
2157527-3	1990	Morphine (10(-3)-10(-5) M) and M-Enk (10(-5) M) stimulated the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity in homogenates of synaptosomes but not of synaptic membranes in the incubation medium containing 2.2 X 10(-6)-4.7 X 10(-7) M free Ca2+ and these stimulatory effects were antagonized by naloxone.	Naloxone	273-281	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2157527-4	1990	In homogenates of synaptic membranes, the same concentrations of morphine and M-Enk stimulated the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity suppressed by FeCl2 (5 X 10(-7) M) but not by CuCl2 nor ZnCl2, and these stimulatory effects were antagonized by naloxone.	ferrous chloride	138-143	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2157527-4	1990	In homogenates of synaptic membranes, the same concentrations of morphine and M-Enk stimulated the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity suppressed by FeCl2 (5 X 10(-7) M) but not by CuCl2 nor ZnCl2, and these stimulatory effects were antagonized by naloxone.	zinc chloride	180-185	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2157527-4	1990	In homogenates of synaptic membranes, the same concentrations of morphine and M-Enk stimulated the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity suppressed by FeCl2 (5 X 10(-7) M) but not by CuCl2 nor ZnCl2, and these stimulatory effects were antagonized by naloxone.	Naloxone	237-245	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
2157527-6	1990	These results suggest that both morphine and M-Enk stimulate the suppressed Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity by interacting with Fe2+ at opioid receptor sites, and they may play a role in the suppression of membrane depolarization and/or the release of NA through their stimulatory action on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity probably suppressed by Fe2+ in the rat cerebral cortex.	ammonium ferrous sulfate	121-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
2157527-6	1990	These results suggest that both morphine and M-Enk stimulate the suppressed Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity by interacting with Fe2+ at opioid receptor sites, and they may play a role in the suppression of membrane depolarization and/or the release of NA through their stimulatory action on the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity probably suppressed by Fe2+ in the rat cerebral cortex.	ammonium ferrous sulfate	336-340	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1975082-3	1990	The other kappa-agonists Dynorphin-A (1-13) amide, and its protected analog D[Ala]2-dynorphin-A (1-13) amide also produced a significant increase in the formation of [3H]-IP"s, whereas the mu-selective agonists [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and morphine and the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin were ineffective.	Amides	44-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	238-248
2299352-0	1990	Comparison of the soluble and membrane-bound forms of the puromycin-sensitive enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidases from rat.	Puromycin	58-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
1982042-1	1990	Antiserum of methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) applied intrathecally abolished acupuncture analgesia (AA) caused by low frequency stimulation of an acupuncture point (tibial muscle, APS) of rats, but antisera of leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) and dynorphin (Dyn) did not.	Adenosine Phosphosulfate	180-183	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1982042-4	1990	Potentials in the dorsal periaqueductal central gray (D-PAG) evoked by APS were antagonized by naloxone and antiserum of Met-Enk, and those in the lateral PAG (L-PAG) evoked by NAPS were antagonized by Mr2266 and antiserum of Dyn.	d-pag	54-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
1982042-4	1990	Potentials in the dorsal periaqueductal central gray (D-PAG) evoked by APS were antagonized by naloxone and antiserum of Met-Enk, and those in the lateral PAG (L-PAG) evoked by NAPS were antagonized by Mr2266 and antiserum of Dyn.	Adenosine Phosphosulfate	71-74	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
1982042-4	1990	Potentials in the dorsal periaqueductal central gray (D-PAG) evoked by APS were antagonized by naloxone and antiserum of Met-Enk, and those in the lateral PAG (L-PAG) evoked by NAPS were antagonized by Mr2266 and antiserum of Dyn.	phenylacetylglycine	56-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
2154234-0	1990	Enkephalin-dopamine interactions in the central amygdalar nucleus during gastric stress ulcer formation in rats.	Dopamine	11-19	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1971555-9	1990	The fractions were assayed for the ability to stimulate corticosterone production in isolated rat adrenal decapsular (zona fasciculata, zona reticularis and medulla) cells, to displace D-ala2-D-leu5-(tyrosyl-3,5-3H) enkephalin from binding to rat brain membranes, and to inhibit 125I-human beta-endorphin from binding to its antibodies.	d-ala2-d-leu5-(tyrosyl-3,5-3h)	185-215	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	216-226
1697808-10	1990	Using [3H]DHM, [3H]D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin [( 3H]DADL), and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine ([3H]EKC), we found that most of the transported vagal receptors have mu-pharmacology although kappa and delta receptors are present.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1697808-10	1990	Using [3H]DHM, [3H]D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin [( 3H]DADL), and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine ([3H]EKC), we found that most of the transported vagal receptors have mu-pharmacology although kappa and delta receptors are present.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1697808-10	1990	Using [3H]DHM, [3H]D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin [( 3H]DADL), and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine ([3H]EKC), we found that most of the transported vagal receptors have mu-pharmacology although kappa and delta receptors are present.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1697808-10	1990	Using [3H]DHM, [3H]D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin [( 3H]DADL), and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine ([3H]EKC), we found that most of the transported vagal receptors have mu-pharmacology although kappa and delta receptors are present.	Tritium	16-18	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1969854-2	1990	Replacement of the enkephalin moiety of dynorphin with the dermorphin or dermorphin1-5 sequences caused a remarkable increase in analgesic potency, and a 3-6 fold increase in potency of binding against [3H]-dihydromorphine.	Tritium	203-206	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
1969854-2	1990	Replacement of the enkephalin moiety of dynorphin with the dermorphin or dermorphin1-5 sequences caused a remarkable increase in analgesic potency, and a 3-6 fold increase in potency of binding against [3H]-dihydromorphine.	Dihydromorphine	207-222	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2405705-4	1990	Degradation of [Tyr1-3H][Leu5]enkephalin was studied in the gastric submucosa of anesthetized and conscious rats in vivo by using a catheter to deliver peptide to tissues and implanted dialysis fibers to collect the metabolites.	tyr1-3h	16-23	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2405705-6	1990	[Leu5]- and [Tyr1-3H][Leu5]enkephalin were metabolized by membranes and in the stomach wall by hydrolysis of the Tyr1-Gly2 bond.	tyr1-3h	13-20	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2405705-6	1990	[Leu5]- and [Tyr1-3H][Leu5]enkephalin were metabolized by membranes and in the stomach wall by hydrolysis of the Tyr1-Gly2 bond.	Glycylglycine	118-122	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2405705-9	1990	Metabolism of the aminopeptidase-resistant analogue [D-Ala2][Leu5]enkephalin by membranes was unaffected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon affected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon and captopril.	phosphoramidon	142-156	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2405705-9	1990	Metabolism of the aminopeptidase-resistant analogue [D-Ala2][Leu5]enkephalin by membranes was unaffected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon affected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon and captopril.	amastatin	169-178	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2405705-9	1990	Metabolism of the aminopeptidase-resistant analogue [D-Ala2][Leu5]enkephalin by membranes was unaffected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon affected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon and captopril.	phosphoramidon	203-217	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2405705-9	1990	Metabolism of the aminopeptidase-resistant analogue [D-Ala2][Leu5]enkephalin by membranes was unaffected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon affected by amastatin and weakly inhibited by phosphoramidon and captopril.	Captopril	222-231	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2097989-3	1990	In the presence of 5 mM glucose the preproinsulin mRNA content was increased by 10(-8) M Met-enkephalin to 198% (p less than 0.001) and by Leu-enkephalin to 145% (p less than 0.001) of the control without enkephalins.	Glucose	24-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
2097989-3	1990	In the presence of 5 mM glucose the preproinsulin mRNA content was increased by 10(-8) M Met-enkephalin to 198% (p less than 0.001) and by Leu-enkephalin to 145% (p less than 0.001) of the control without enkephalins.	Glucose	24-31	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
2097989-6	1990	The biosynthesis of (pro)insulin was strongly decreased by actinomycin D at the glucose and enkephalin concentrations tested.	Dactinomycin	59-72	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
2159852-1	1990	Digitonin-solubilized opioid receptors from rat brain were purified with an affinity resin, AH-Sepharose coupled with [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]enkephalin (DADLE).	Digitonin	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
2176265-1	1990	The present study demonstrates that pretreatment of rat brain membranes with (+)-cis-3-methylfentanyl [(+)-cis-MF], followed by extensive washing of the membranes, produces a wash-resistant decrease in the binding of [3H]-[D-ala2,D-leu5]enkephalin to the d binding site of the opioid receptor complex (delta cx binding site).	3-methylfentanyl	77-101	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	237-247
2250556-1	1990	The spinal antinociceptive interaction between the opiate receptor subtype agonists morphine (mu), U69593 (kappa) and [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE; delta) with clonidine (alpha 2 adrenergic) was examined.	Clonidine	160-169	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1975082-3	1990	The other kappa-agonists Dynorphin-A (1-13) amide, and its protected analog D[Ala]2-dynorphin-A (1-13) amide also produced a significant increase in the formation of [3H]-IP"s, whereas the mu-selective agonists [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and morphine and the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin were ineffective.	Amides	44-49	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	305-315
1975082-3	1990	The other kappa-agonists Dynorphin-A (1-13) amide, and its protected analog D[Ala]2-dynorphin-A (1-13) amide also produced a significant increase in the formation of [3H]-IP"s, whereas the mu-selective agonists [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and morphine and the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin were ineffective.	3h]-ip"s	167-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	238-248
1975082-3	1990	The other kappa-agonists Dynorphin-A (1-13) amide, and its protected analog D[Ala]2-dynorphin-A (1-13) amide also produced a significant increase in the formation of [3H]-IP"s, whereas the mu-selective agonists [D-Ala2-N-Me-Phe4-Gly5-ol]-enkephalin and morphine and the delta-selective agonist [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin were ineffective.	3h]-ip"s	167-175	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	305-315
2325661-7	1990	Proenkephalin mRNA levels in the epididymis correlate with the decline and reappearance of spermatozoa induced by the alkylating agent busulphan.	Busulfan	135-144	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1688995-7	1990	The mu-selective peptide [D-Ala2, (Me)Phe4,Gly(ol)5]enkephalin was the peptide that afforded the greatest protection.	(me)phe4	34-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2359494-6	1990	Treatments that increase the levels of cAMP, the cyclic nucleotide associated with nicotinic receptor activation, prevented the rise in medullary enkephalin relative to control explants.	Cyclic AMP	39-43	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
1875991-1	1990	A testis cDNA library derived from 4-6 week-old rats was screened using a 32P-labeled 435 base pair (bp) cDNA probe derived from exon 3 of rat brain proenkephalin (PE).	Phosphorus-32	74-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	149-162
1875991-1	1990	A testis cDNA library derived from 4-6 week-old rats was screened using a 32P-labeled 435 base pair (bp) cDNA probe derived from exon 3 of rat brain proenkephalin (PE).	Phosphorus-32	74-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	164-166
2263320-3	1990	This effect of [Met]enkephalin could be blocked by naloxone.	Naloxone	51-59	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
2263320-5	1990	In 59% of cells, pressure application of [Met]enkephalin caused a dose-dependent inhibition that could be blocked by naloxone; 15% of the cells were excited and the remaining neurons (26%) did not respond.	Naloxone	117-125	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
2263320-8	1990	However, perfusion with physiological saline solution/Mg abolished the excitatory response to [Met]enkephalin in four cells.	Sodium Chloride	38-44	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2296581-8	1990	These results indicate that in the striatum, the enkephalin neurons are direct targets for dopamine liberated from mesostriatal neurons.	Dopamine	91-99	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2309044-4	1990	Intratesticular administration of naloxone prior to enkephalin treatment prevented the decrease in basal testosterone production induced by the opioid agonist.	Testosterone	105-117	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2359494-6	1990	Treatments that increase the levels of cAMP, the cyclic nucleotide associated with nicotinic receptor activation, prevented the rise in medullary enkephalin relative to control explants.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	49-66	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
2359494-8	1990	However, in the presence of both forskolin (10 microM) plus db-cGMP (5 mM), enkephalin content rose three-fold over control explants.	Colforsin	33-42	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2359494-8	1990	However, in the presence of both forskolin (10 microM) plus db-cGMP (5 mM), enkephalin content rose three-fold over control explants.	Guanosine, N-(1-oxobutyl)-, cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate) 2'-butanoate, monosodium salt	60-67	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2359494-9	1990	These data suggest that, distinct from catecholamine pathways, enkephalin levels can be positively or negatively regulated by the severity of a stressful stimulus, by cholinergic receptor mechanisms and by an interaction of cyclic nucleotide second-messenger pathways.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	224-241	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
31421706-6	2019	Prenatal ethanol exposure (PEE) selectively modifies Methionine-enkephalin (Met-enk) content in several brain regions of infant and adolescent rats, particularly those of the reward circuits.	Ethanol	9-16	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
1703464-5	1990	(3) Icv injection of met-enkephalin (MEK) or morphine could increase the Ir-SP levels in hypothalamus, striatum and the pain threshold, and above-mentioned effect of morphine could be prevented by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.	Morphine	166-174	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
1703464-5	1990	(3) Icv injection of met-enkephalin (MEK) or morphine could increase the Ir-SP levels in hypothalamus, striatum and the pain threshold, and above-mentioned effect of morphine could be prevented by the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone.	Naloxone	228-236	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2125862-9	1990	The SP-LI, ENK-LI and FRAP were all weakened in dorsal horn of spinal cord 1h after capsaicin treatment.	Hydrogen	75-77	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
2125862-9	1990	The SP-LI, ENK-LI and FRAP were all weakened in dorsal horn of spinal cord 1h after capsaicin treatment.	Capsaicin	84-93	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
2125862-11	1990	The foregoing results indicated that the metabolism and function of C fibers of primary afferent especially the SP containing nerve and those of ENK-containing neurons could be influenced by the extradural injection of capsaicin.	Capsaicin	219-228	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
31421706-7	2019	In preweanling rats, Met-enk content is decreased in the ventral tegmental area but is increased in the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens and other brain areas, as a consequence of a short and moderate ethanol exposure during late gestation.	Ethanol	212-219	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
16023221-2	2005	Morphine, (D-Phe2, D-Pen5)-enkephalin (DPDPE), dexmedetomidine, clonidine and xylazine showed concentration-related inhibition of slow VRP.	Morphine	0-8	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
34539332-9	2021	Moreover, in primary cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, curcumin significantly up-regulated the expression of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and promoted the release of beta-endorphin and enkephalin.	Curcumin	70-78	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
34539332-10	2021	Furthermore, pretreatment with the antiserum of beta-endorphin or enkephalin markedly attenuated curcumin-induced analgesia in cancer-induced bone pain.	Curcumin	97-105	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
34539332-12	2021	The results also suggested that stimulation of expression of DRG neurons beta-endorphin and enkephalin mediates the antinociceptive effect of curcumin in pain hypersensitivity conditions.	Curcumin	142-150	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	92-102