PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
2481466-8	1989	These observations indicate that NPY and GAL are distributed differently in LC neurons from noradrenaline and DBH.	Norepinephrine	92-105	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	41-44
2900265-3	1988	The antibody was first acylated with a heterobifunctional agent N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide (GMBS) to introduce the maleimide groups into the molecule; excess reagent was removed by gel filtration and then the activated antibodies were crosslinked to the thiol groups of Gal.	N-(gamma-maleimidobutyryloxy)succinimide	106-110	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	284-287
2900265-4	1988	The conjugates were partially purified of free Gal by DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography with an increasing linear concentration of NaCl.	2-diethylaminoethanol	54-58	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-50
2900265-4	1988	The conjugates were partially purified of free Gal by DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography with an increasing linear concentration of NaCl.	Sodium Chloride	134-138	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-50
2446889-1	1987	Galanin (GAL) produced a concentration (0.3-100 nM)-related inhibition of the atropine-sensitive component of the contractions induced by field stimulation of detrusor strips from the dome of the human urinary bladder.	Atropine	78-86	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
3131437-2	1988	Goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as a prototype and coupled to beta-D-galactosidase (Gal) with a new heterobifunctional cross-linking agent N-[beta-(4-diazophenyl)ethyl]maleimide (DPEM).	N-(beta-(4-diazophenyl)ethyl)maleimide	137-175	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	82-85
3131437-2	1988	Goat anti-rabbit IgG was used as a prototype and coupled to beta-D-galactosidase (Gal) with a new heterobifunctional cross-linking agent N-[beta-(4-diazophenyl)ethyl]maleimide (DPEM).	N-(beta-(4-diazophenyl)ethyl)maleimide	177-181	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	82-85
3131437-3	1988	The antibody was first azo-coupled with DPEM to introduce the maleimide groups into the molecule; excess reagent was removed by gel filtration and then the activated antibodies were crosslinked to the thiol groups of Gal.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	201-206	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	217-220
3128350-3	1988	Under our conditions, CHO-modified vWF preparations contained less than 5% of the initial sialic acid ([Neu]-ase-vWF) and less than 45% ([Neu-Gal]-ase-vWF) or 21% ([Neu-Gal-eF]-ase-vWF) of the D-galactose.	cho	22-25	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	142-145
3128350-3	1988	Under our conditions, CHO-modified vWF preparations contained less than 5% of the initial sialic acid ([Neu]-ase-vWF) and less than 45% ([Neu-Gal]-ase-vWF) or 21% ([Neu-Gal-eF]-ase-vWF) of the D-galactose.	cho	22-25	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	169-172
3128350-6	1988	Platelet adhesion to various matrices increased after removal of the terminal sialic acid ([Neu]-ase-vWF) and approximately 45% of the D-galactose ([Neu-Gal]-ase-vWF), but returned to normal values when greater than 70% of the total carbohydrate had been removed by endoglycosidase F [Neu-Gal-ef]-ase-vWF).	Galactose	135-146	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	153-156
2446889-1	1987	Galanin (GAL) produced a concentration (0.3-100 nM)-related inhibition of the atropine-sensitive component of the contractions induced by field stimulation of detrusor strips from the dome of the human urinary bladder.	Atropine	78-86	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
2446889-3	1987	The effect of GAL was prevented by atropine (1 microM) and was not seen when the strips were stimulated with a cholinomimetic or KCl.	Atropine	35-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-17
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	Nitrogen	21-22	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-115
4054834-1	1985	Urinary excretion of 5-hydroxylysine (Hyl) and its two glycosides, a monoglycoside (Gal-Hyl) and a diglycoside (Glc-Gal-Hyl), and the ratio of the diglycoside to monoglycoside have been studied in 30 patients with Turner"s syndrome and in 38 healthy controls.	diglycoside	99-110	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
6517319-2	1984	The carbohydrate residues (Glc-Gal and Gal) released were separated from the modified protein or peptide by gel chromatography and were assayed by gas-liquid chromatography of their trimethylsilyl derivatives.	Carbohydrates	4-16	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	27-42
6361538-7	1983	Fru, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Man, Lac and Suc also had the ability to form mutagens in the browning reactions with amino acids.	Lactose	25-28	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	5-8
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	Nitrogen	21-22	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	157-211
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	55-60	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-115
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	55-60	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	157-211
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	151-156	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-115
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	198-204	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-115
6786888-13	1981	The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn.	Asparagine	334-337	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-115
33240814-5	2020	Differential analysis was conducted to the genome expression between two TMB groups using "limma" package, and we identified four hub TMB-related immune genes including CNTFR, CRABP2, GAL, and PAEP.	1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene	73-76	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	184-187
6766756-4	1980	Sa antibody activity was inhibited by sialyllactose NeuAc (alpha 2 leads to 3) (alpha 2 leads to 6) Gal (beta, 1 leads to 4) Glc like anti-Gd but in contrast to anti-Pr.	2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine	0-2	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	80-141
392766-10	1979	The principal sugar of human milk is lactose but 30 or more oligosaccharides, all containing terminal Gal-(beta 1,4)-Glc and ranging from 3--14 saccharide units per molecule are also present.	Oligosaccharides	60-76	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	102-143
392766-10	1979	The principal sugar of human milk is lactose but 30 or more oligosaccharides, all containing terminal Gal-(beta 1,4)-Glc and ranging from 3--14 saccharide units per molecule are also present.	Carbohydrates	65-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	102-143
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Glucose	64-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Sphingosine	71-83	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Sphingosine	71-83	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	106-109
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Fucose	98-104	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Galactose	113-122	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Galactose	113-122	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	106-109
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Acetylglucosamine	124-130	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Acetylglucosamine	134-153	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-3	1976	A general formula for the antigens is: (Fuc)3-4(Gal)n(LlcNAc)n-2(Glc)1(Sphingosine)1(where Fus is fucose, Gal is galactose, GlcNAc is N-acetylglucosamine and Glc is glucose) with values of n ranging from 10-27.	Glucose	165-172	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	48-51
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	poly(glycosyl)ceramides	3-26	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-124
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	poly(glycosyl)ceramides	3-26	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	poly(glycosyl)ceramides	3-26	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	poly(glycosyl)ceramides	3-26	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	121-127	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	121-127	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	121-127	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
827447-12	1976	In poly(glycosyl)ceramides isolated from A and A2 erythrocytes the branches are terminated with the following structures GalNAc alpha 1 leads to 3 [Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2] Gal; Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2 Gal and Gal (presumably Gal beta 1 leads to 4 GlcNAc).	Acetylglucosamine	246-252	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-124
33707345-0	2021	Lupeol ameliorates LPS/D-GalN induced acute hepatic damage by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress through TGFbeta1-Nrf2 signal pathway.	lupeol	0-6	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
32681650-5	2021	Moreover, the immune complexes of SARS-CoV-2 and anti-Gal antibodies could enhance the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, live or inactivated, carrying alpha-Gal glycans.	alpha-gal glycans	148-165	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	54-57
33240814-5	2020	Differential analysis was conducted to the genome expression between two TMB groups using "limma" package, and we identified four hub TMB-related immune genes including CNTFR, CRABP2, GAL, and PAEP.	1,2,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene	134-137	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	184-187
32157157-3	2020	Our results revealed that lncRNA NEAT1 was upregulated in cell and animal models of FHF induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Galactosamine	99-114	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	118-122
32368008-7	2020	Studies have suggested that GAL enhances the action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and promotes availability of transcription proteins.	Serotonin	65-74	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	28-31
32431618-0	2020	Quercetin Attenuates d-GaLN-Induced L02 Cell Damage by Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Apoptosis via Inhibition of HMGB1.	Quercetin	0-9	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-27
32431618-7	2020	Our results indicated that Que protects L02 cells from d-galactosamine (d-GaLN)-induced cellular damage by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptotic responses in the mitochondrial pathway.	Galactosamine	55-70	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	74-78
32431618-7	2020	Our results indicated that Que protects L02 cells from d-galactosamine (d-GaLN)-induced cellular damage by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptotic responses in the mitochondrial pathway.	Reactive Oxygen Species	130-153	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	74-78
32431618-7	2020	Our results indicated that Que protects L02 cells from d-galactosamine (d-GaLN)-induced cellular damage by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptotic responses in the mitochondrial pathway.	Reactive Oxygen Species	155-158	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	74-78
32431618-12	2020	Taken together, these results indicate that Que significantly improves d-GaLN-induced cellular damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis via inhibiting HMGB1.	Quercetin	44-47	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-77
31151328-2	2019	Here, Chit was conjugated with gallic acid (Chit-Gal) to decrease the formation of CaOx crystal.	Gallic Acid	31-42	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-52
30838766-6	2019	KEY RESULTS: Both doses of BPA studied changed the number of the enteric neurons immunoreactive to SP, VIP, GAL, VAChT, and CART, and the intensity of fluctuations depended on the BPA dose and on the type of the enteric plexus.	bisphenol A	27-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	108-111
31151328-2	2019	Here, Chit was conjugated with gallic acid (Chit-Gal) to decrease the formation of CaOx crystal.	caox crystal	83-95	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-52
30552777-5	2019	RESULTS: Chiisanoside pretreatment evidently reduced the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the changes induced by LPS/D-GalN, and these histopathological changes induced by LPS/GalN were significantly weakened.	chiisanoside	9-21	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	163-167
30552777-0	2019	Hepatoprotective effect of chiisanoside from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury by inhibiting NF-kappaB and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.	chiisanoside	27-39	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-90
30552777-5	2019	RESULTS: Chiisanoside pretreatment evidently reduced the activities of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in the changes induced by LPS/D-GalN, and these histopathological changes induced by LPS/GalN were significantly weakened.	chiisanoside	9-21	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	220-224
30552777-4	2019	Combined use of lipopolysaccharide and d-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN) can induce acute liver failure in human beings, and there are no reports on the protective effect of CSS against LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice.	Galactosamine	39-54	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	62-66
30552777-6	2019	Catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity decreased after CSS treatment compared with LPS/D-GalN treatment.	chiisanoside	139-142	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	173-177
31048987-2	2019	In this study its beneficial dietary effect against liver injuries caused by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) was studied ensuring safety to human health using animal model.	Galactosamine	77-92	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	96-100
29210146-9	2019	These results may give the basis for the development of novel therapeutics strategies using GAL(1-15) analogues for the treatment of alcohol use disorders in humans.	Alcohols	133-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	92-95
30131588-5	2019	Ex vivo experiments with patient-derived blood cells (AKT phosphorylation), as well as studies in recombinant cell lines expressing the human GALR2 (calcium mobilization and NFAT mediated gene transcription), showed that galanin (GAL) was unable to stimulate cell signaling in cells expressing the variant GALR2 allele.	Calcium	149-156	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	221-228
30131588-5	2019	Ex vivo experiments with patient-derived blood cells (AKT phosphorylation), as well as studies in recombinant cell lines expressing the human GALR2 (calcium mobilization and NFAT mediated gene transcription), showed that galanin (GAL) was unable to stimulate cell signaling in cells expressing the variant GALR2 allele.	Calcium	149-156	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	142-145
30593944-3	2019	ScGalK displayed a broad substrate tolerance, with activity towards Gal, GalN, Gal3D, GalNAc, Man and L-Ara.	cyclohexenoesculetin-beta-galactoside	2-5	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-77
30257876-3	2019	On-chip glycan modification and probing (on-chip gmap) uses sequential and parallel rounds of exoglycosidase cleavage and lectin profiling of microspots of proteins, together with algorithms that incorporate glycan-array analyses and information from mass spectrometry, when available, to computationally interpret the data.	Polysaccharides	8-14	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-53
30257876-3	2019	On-chip glycan modification and probing (on-chip gmap) uses sequential and parallel rounds of exoglycosidase cleavage and lectin profiling of microspots of proteins, together with algorithms that incorporate glycan-array analyses and information from mass spectrometry, when available, to computationally interpret the data.	Polysaccharides	208-214	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-53
30257876-4	2019	In tests on control proteins with simple or complex glycosylation, on-chip gmap accurately characterized the relative proportions of core types and terminal features of glycans.	Polysaccharides	169-176	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	75-79
30257876-7	2019	An alternative use of on-chip gmap was to complement the mass spectrometry analysis of detached glycans by specifying the isomers that comprise the glycans identified by mass spectrometry.	Polysaccharides	96-103	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-34
30257876-7	2019	An alternative use of on-chip gmap was to complement the mass spectrometry analysis of detached glycans by specifying the isomers that comprise the glycans identified by mass spectrometry.	Polysaccharides	148-155	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-34
30132515-3	2018	In the present study, the protective effects of hPH against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatocyte apoptosis were investigated in vivo.	hph	48-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
29298996-6	2018	Four nominally significant trans-eQTLs were predicted to regulate three candidate genes (SELL, MTF2, and GAL), the expression of which was significantly reduced in LCLs following zileuton treatment.	zileuton	179-187	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-108
29603325-7	2018	Pdk4-/- livers were sensitized to Jo2 and D-(+)-Galactosamine /Lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS)-mediated apoptotic injury which was prevented by the inhibition of p65 or TNFR1.	Galactosamine	42-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-87
29888781-13	2018	Moreover, BPA exposure caused an increased presence of sympathetic nerve fibers in these two experimental groups, which were co-localized with CART and GAL up to 65.9%/173.2% and 147.4%/126.3%, respectively.	bisphenol A	10-13	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	152-155
29932649-9	2018	Moreover, we showed that pLys-4RepCT silk coatings bind mucins through electrostatic interactions, while hGal3-4RepCT silk coatings bind mucins through specific glycan-protein interactions.	Polysaccharides	161-167	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-109
29628491-3	2018	In this study, two effective cryogenic methodologies were successfully reported to alter the physicochemical properties of a precipitate of an octyl beta-D-galactoside (Oct-Gal)-water system.	octyl galactopyranoside	143-167	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	173-176
29628491-3	2018	In this study, two effective cryogenic methodologies were successfully reported to alter the physicochemical properties of a precipitate of an octyl beta-D-galactoside (Oct-Gal)-water system.	Water	178-183	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	173-176
29888781-17	2018	The increase in CART and GAL were excep-tionally high even at low BPA doses.	bisphenol A	66-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
28946644-3	2017	Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes containing Man-DLD-Chol (Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp) were prepared by the film-dispersion method.	Glycyrrhetinic Acid	0-19	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-78
29254224-1	2017	In this study, novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes modified with a liver-targeting galactosylated derivative ligand (Gal) were prepared using a film-dispersion method.	Glycyrrhetinic Acid	21-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	122-125
29254224-1	2017	In this study, novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes modified with a liver-targeting galactosylated derivative ligand (Gal) were prepared using a film-dispersion method.	Glycyrrhetinic Acid	42-44	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	122-125
28946644-3	2017	Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) liposomes containing Man-DLD-Chol (Man-DLD-Chol-GA-Lp) were prepared by the film-dispersion method.	Glycyrrhetinic Acid	21-23	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-78
27914762-13	2017	GAL-IR was also detected in choroidal melanocytes, as identified by the presence of intracellular melanin-granules, as well as in cells lacking melanin-granules, most likely representing macrophages.	Melanins	98-105	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
27914762-13	2017	GAL-IR was also detected in choroidal melanocytes, as identified by the presence of intracellular melanin-granules, as well as in cells lacking melanin-granules, most likely representing macrophages.	Melanins	144-151	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
27809484-10	2016	The on-chip glycan modification and probing (on-chip GMAP) method provides a platform for analyzing protein glycosylation in clinical specimens and could complement the existing toolkit for studying glycosylation in disease.	Polysaccharides	12-18	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	53-57
28535934-4	2017	Since GlcN is present only in KS we developed a method that separates GlcN from GalN, the principal hydrolytic product of CS, and then we validated it in order to quantify GlcN.	Chondroitin Sulfates	122-124	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	80-84
28584529-0	2017	hTERT-Immortalized Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Expressing Rat Galanin via a Single Tetracycline-Inducible Lentivirus System.	Tetracycline	86-98	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	65-72
27474259-0	2016	Circulating galanin and galanin like peptide concentrations are correlated with increased triglyceride concentration in obese patients.	Triglycerides	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	12-19
27474259-0	2016	Circulating galanin and galanin like peptide concentrations are correlated with increased triglyceride concentration in obese patients.	Triglycerides	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-31
27474259-7	2016	In addition, the positive correlations were found between: GAL and triglyceride (TG) concentrations (r=0.636; P<0.001), GALP and TG concentrations (r=0.362; P=0.020) in obese subjects.	Triglycerides	67-79	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
27474259-7	2016	In addition, the positive correlations were found between: GAL and triglyceride (TG) concentrations (r=0.636; P<0.001), GALP and TG concentrations (r=0.362; P=0.020) in obese subjects.	Triglycerides	81-83	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
26917098-8	2016	Acetylsalicylic acid supplementation caused a considerable increase in the expression of all active substances studied within both left and right NG and the percentage of neurons positive to particular substances fluctuated from 47.2 +- 3.6% (GAL-LI neurons in the right NG) to 67.2 +- 2.0% (cells immunoreactive to SP in the left NG).	Aspirin	0-20	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	243-246
27121264-3	2016	As GAL and its receptors are expressed in human and murine skin and GAL expression is increased in oxazolone-induced contact allergy, it could play a role in dermatitis.	Oxazolone	99-108	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	3-6
27550417-2	2016	The objective of this study was to investigate the serum levels of GAL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in lean and obese young men.	Glucose	86-93	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-70
27550417-8	2016	Serum GAL levels were positively correlated with BMI, total fat, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Leptin.	Cholesterol	94-105	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	6-9
27550417-8	2016	Serum GAL levels were positively correlated with BMI, total fat, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Leptin.	Triglycerides	107-120	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	6-9
26747425-4	2016	Recombinant human galectins (hGal)-1, -3, -4, -7, -8 and -9 bound selectively to glycans, with each galectin recognizing a relatively unique binding motif; by contrast hGal-2 did not recognize HMGs, but did bind to the human blood group A Type 2 determinants on other microarrays.	Polysaccharides	81-88	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	29-33
26747425-5	2016	Unlike other galectins, hGal-7 preferentially bound to glycans expressing a terminal Type 1 (Galbeta1-3GlcNAc) sequence, a motif that had eluded detection on non-HMG glycan microarrays.	Polysaccharides	55-62	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-28
26747425-5	2016	Unlike other galectins, hGal-7 preferentially bound to glycans expressing a terminal Type 1 (Galbeta1-3GlcNAc) sequence, a motif that had eluded detection on non-HMG glycan microarrays.	Galbeta1,3GlcNAc	93-109	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-28
26747425-5	2016	Unlike other galectins, hGal-7 preferentially bound to glycans expressing a terminal Type 1 (Galbeta1-3GlcNAc) sequence, a motif that had eluded detection on non-HMG glycan microarrays.	Polysaccharides	55-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-28
27352343-10	2015	Levetiracetam can improve life quality of patients with refractory epilepsy, decrease NPY and GAL in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, serum PON1 and ARE activities, and serum levels of ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and S100B.	Levetiracetam	0-13	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
26811880-5	2016	As such, HNPs containing TNF-alpha siRNA afforded effective systemic TNF-alpha knockdown following systemic administration at a low dose of 50 mug of siRNA/kg and thus demonstrated a potent anti-inflammatory effect to rescue animals from LPS/d-GalN-induced hepatic sepsis.	Deuterium	46-47	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	244-248
26278168-4	2015	The %GalN test was sensitive to the presence of NS-OSCS in heparin.	Heparin	59-66	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	5-9
26565961-4	2015	The results showed that GAL in the DMH and glutamate in the DRt lead to behavioural hyperalgesia in both SHAM and ARTH animals, which is accompanied particularly by an increase in heat-evoked responses of wide-dynamic range neurons, a group of nociceptive SDH neurones.	Dimenhydrinate	35-38	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
26565961-4	2015	The results showed that GAL in the DMH and glutamate in the DRt lead to behavioural hyperalgesia in both SHAM and ARTH animals, which is accompanied particularly by an increase in heat-evoked responses of wide-dynamic range neurons, a group of nociceptive SDH neurones.	sdh	256-259	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
26565961-5	2015	Facilitation of pain behaviour induced by GAL in the DMH was reversed by lidocaine in the DRt and by ondansetron, a 5HT3R antagonist, in the spinal cord.	Dimenhydrinate	53-56	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
26565961-5	2015	Facilitation of pain behaviour induced by GAL in the DMH was reversed by lidocaine in the DRt and by ondansetron, a 5HT3R antagonist, in the spinal cord.	Lidocaine	73-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
26565961-5	2015	Facilitation of pain behaviour induced by GAL in the DMH was reversed by lidocaine in the DRt and by ondansetron, a 5HT3R antagonist, in the spinal cord.	Ondansetron	101-112	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
26565961-8	2015	Our data demonstrate that GAL in the DMH activates two independent descending facilitatory pathways: (i) one relays in the DRt and (ii) the other one involves 5-HT neurones acting on spinal 5HT3Rs.	Dimenhydrinate	37-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
25834926-3	2015	Results showed that the total soluble sugar contents of SAP composed of Man, GlcN, Rha, GalN, GlcUA, Glc, Gal, Xyl and Fuc were more than 85% estimated by the phenol-sulfuric acid assay.	Sugars	38-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	88-92
26211586-5	2015	These results were confirmed by histopathology examination which showed a severe degeneration, haemorrhages, widened sinusoids and focal leukocyte infiltration in D-GALN/LPS treatment and these features were alleviated with CeO2 administration.	ceric oxide	224-228	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	165-169
26050803-0	2015	Immunohistochemical evidence of the co-localisation of cocaine and amphetamine regulatory peptide with neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin within the circular muscle layer of the human caecum.	Amphetamine	67-78	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	180-187
25943027-0	2015	Salvianolic acid A attenuates TNF-alpha- and D-GalN-induced ER stress-mediated and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and calcium release in hepatocyte LO2 cells.	salvianolic acid A	0-18	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-51
25943027-3	2015	Here, the study showed that Sal A had antiapoptotic effects on the TNF-alpha/D-GalN-treated LO2 cells.	salvianolic acid	28-33	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
25943027-8	2015	In summary, Sal A attenuates TNF-alpha- and D-GalN-induced both ER stress and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and prevention of calcium release, which support the notion that Sal A could be developed into a novel hepatic protectant.	salvianolic acid	12-17	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-50
26211586-0	2015	Cerium oxide nanoparticles alleviate oxidative stress and decreases Nrf-2/HO-1 in D-GALN/LPS induced hepatotoxicity.	ceric oxide	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	84-88
26211586-1	2015	Translocation of the master regulator of antioxidant-response element-driven antioxidant gene, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf-2) from the cytoplasm into the nucleus and triggering the transcription of hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) to counteract the oxidative stress is a key feature in D-galactoseamine and lipopolysaccharide (D-GALN/LPS) induced hepatotoxicity.	d-galactoseamine	279-295	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	322-326
26052559-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Gal-32 is a Chinese hamster lung cell nuclear mutant that is unable to grow in galactose due to a defect in mitochondrial protein synthesis.	Galactose	91-100	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	12-15
26052559-8	2015	CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate the isolation of two pCV108-transformant recombinant clones containing a human gene that complements the Chinese hamster Gal-32 mutation and restores galactose metabolism.	Galactose	185-194	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	156-159
25449276-6	2014	More importantly, we found that autophagy was induced to increase in LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury, and pretreatment with wortmannin could effectively inhibit increased autophagy in acute liver injury.	Wortmannin	130-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	75-79
25449276-7	2014	In conclusion, these results indicate that wortmannin plays a protective role in LPS/D-GalN induced hepatocytotoxity maybe by inhibiting autophagy and could be acted as a target for the treatment of acute liver injury.	Wortmannin	43-53	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	87-91
24706871-1	2014	Galanin is a stress-inducible neuropeptide and cotransmitter in serotonin and norepinephrine neurons with a possible role in stress-related disorders.	Serotonin	64-73	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
24993825-5	2014	The hydrophilic core oligosaccharide was found to be a complex hexasaccharide with two mannose (Man) and one each of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), Gal, GalN, and l-rhamnose residues.	Oligosaccharides	21-36	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-163
24993825-5	2014	The hydrophilic core oligosaccharide was found to be a complex hexasaccharide with two mannose (Man) and one each of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), Gal, GalN, and l-rhamnose residues.	Oligosaccharides	21-36	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	165-169
24993825-5	2014	The hydrophilic core oligosaccharide was found to be a complex hexasaccharide with two mannose (Man) and one each of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), Gal, GalN, and l-rhamnose residues.	hexasaccharide	63-77	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-163
24993825-5	2014	The hydrophilic core oligosaccharide was found to be a complex hexasaccharide with two mannose (Man) and one each of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo), Gal, GalN, and l-rhamnose residues.	hexasaccharide	63-77	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	165-169
25003818-3	2014	H-Phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches have been explored for the coupling of 4,6-DTBS-2-azido-protected GalN lactol and peracetylated spacer-equipped reducing betaGlcN(1 6)GlcN disaccharide via phosphodiester linkage.	h-phosphonate	0-13	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
25003818-3	2014	H-Phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches have been explored for the coupling of 4,6-DTBS-2-azido-protected GalN lactol and peracetylated spacer-equipped reducing betaGlcN(1 6)GlcN disaccharide via phosphodiester linkage.	phosphoramidite	18-33	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
25003818-3	2014	H-Phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches have been explored for the coupling of 4,6-DTBS-2-azido-protected GalN lactol and peracetylated spacer-equipped reducing betaGlcN(1 6)GlcN disaccharide via phosphodiester linkage.	4,6-dtbs	84-92	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
25003818-3	2014	H-Phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches have been explored for the coupling of 4,6-DTBS-2-azido-protected GalN lactol and peracetylated spacer-equipped reducing betaGlcN(1 6)GlcN disaccharide via phosphodiester linkage.	betaglcn	166-174	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
25003818-3	2014	H-Phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches have been explored for the coupling of 4,6-DTBS-2-azido-protected GalN lactol and peracetylated spacer-equipped reducing betaGlcN(1 6)GlcN disaccharide via phosphodiester linkage.	glcn disaccharide	179-196	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
24706871-1	2014	Galanin is a stress-inducible neuropeptide and cotransmitter in serotonin and norepinephrine neurons with a possible role in stress-related disorders.	Norepinephrine	78-92	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
24759764-5	2014	In the study, the anti-hepatitis B property of cichoric acid was evaluated by the D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced normal human HL-7702 hepatocyte injury model, the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV)-infected duck fetal hepatocytes and the HBV-transfected cell line HepG2.2.15 cells, respectively.	chicoric acid	47-60	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	101-105
24550397-7	2014	Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(beta1,4)GlcNAcalpha-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(alpha2,6)Gal(beta1,4)GlcNAcalpha-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	40-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	95-118
24550397-7	2014	Activated platelets can also supply the sialic acid donor to sialylate the synthetic acceptor, Gal(beta1,4)GlcNAcalpha-o-benzyl, with the product Sia(alpha2,6)Gal(beta1,4)GlcNAcalpha-o-benzyl structurally confirmed by LC/MS.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	40-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	159-182
24759764-6	2014	The results showed that cichoric acid attenuated significantly D-GalN-induced HL-7702 hepatocyte injury at 10-100 microg/mL and produced a maximum protection rate of 56.26%.	chicoric acid	24-37	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	65-69
24490570-3	2013	It found that TNF-alpha and D-GalN could obviously inhibit hepatocyte proliferation, induce cell apoptosis, and significantly increase free calcium ions in cytoplasms, as well as protein expressions of ERS apoptosis-related signal molecules phosphorylated PERK, phosphorylated elF2alpha, cleaved Caspase-12, GRP78 and CHOP.	Calcium	140-147	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-34
24817287-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of the pretreatment and treatment with recombinant human interleukin-11 (rhIL-11) on acute liver failure induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN).	Galactosamine	150-165	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	169-173
23206306-2	2012	METHODS: A contact-independent model of aberrant hepatic microenvironment was established by co-culturing BM-MSCs with D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-injured human L02 hepatic cells using a transwell assay platform.	Galactosamine	119-134	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	138-142
23864198-3	2013	This study attempted to investigate the hepatoprotective effect and possible mechanism of beta-NGF on D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-injured human liver L-02 cell lines.	Galactosamine	102-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-125
23499803-0	2013	Different responses of galanin and calcitonin gene-related peptide to capsaicin stimulation on dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro.	Capsaicin	70-79	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-30
23259957-0	2013	Incorporation of monodisperse oligoethyleneglycol amino acids into anticonvulsant analogues of galanin and neuropeptide y provides peripherally acting analgesics.	monodisperse oligoethyleneglycol amino acids	17-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	95-102
23259957-2	2013	Our previous work showed that the combination of lipidization and cationization applied to anticonvulsant neuropeptides galanin (GAL) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) improved their penetration across the blood-brain barrier yielding potent antiepileptic lead compounds, such as Gal-B2 (NAX 5055) or NPY-B2.	Carbonic Acid	279-282	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-127
23259957-2	2013	Our previous work showed that the combination of lipidization and cationization applied to anticonvulsant neuropeptides galanin (GAL) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) improved their penetration across the blood-brain barrier yielding potent antiepileptic lead compounds, such as Gal-B2 (NAX 5055) or NPY-B2.	Carbonic Acid	279-282	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	129-132
23259957-3	2013	To dissect peripheral and central actions of anticonvulsant neuropeptides, we rationally designed, synthesized and characterized GAL and NPY analogues containing monodisperse (discrete) oligoethyleneglycol-lysine (dPEG-Lys).	oligoethyleneglycol-lysine	186-212	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	129-132
23259957-4	2013	The dPEGylated analogues Gal-B2-dPEG(24), Gal-R2-dPEG(24) and NPY-dPEG(24) displayed analgesic activities following systemic administration, while avoiding penetration into the brain.	dpeg	4-8	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
23259957-4	2013	The dPEGylated analogues Gal-B2-dPEG(24), Gal-R2-dPEG(24) and NPY-dPEG(24) displayed analgesic activities following systemic administration, while avoiding penetration into the brain.	dpeg	4-8	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
23259957-5	2013	Gal-B2-dPEG(24) was synthesized by a stepwise deprotection of orthogonal 4-methoxytrityl and allyloxycarbonyl groups, and subsequent on-resin conjugations of dPEG(24) and palmitic acids, respectively.	-dpeg	6-11	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
23259957-5	2013	Gal-B2-dPEG(24) was synthesized by a stepwise deprotection of orthogonal 4-methoxytrityl and allyloxycarbonyl groups, and subsequent on-resin conjugations of dPEG(24) and palmitic acids, respectively.	dpeg	7-11	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
23259957-5	2013	Gal-B2-dPEG(24) was synthesized by a stepwise deprotection of orthogonal 4-methoxytrityl and allyloxycarbonyl groups, and subsequent on-resin conjugations of dPEG(24) and palmitic acids, respectively.	Palmitic Acids	171-185	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
20645434-3	2010	Our recent studies with GAL analogs suggested that an introduction of lipoamino acids in the context of oligo-Lys residues (lipidization-cationization motif) significantly increases their penetration into the brain, yielding potent antiepileptic compounds.	lipoamino acids	70-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
22742906-2	2012	With studies in adult animals showing the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin (ENK), galanin (GAL) and orexin (OX), to stimulate ethanol consumption, the question addressed here is whether prenatal ethanol alters the development in utero of specific neurons that express these peptides.	Ethanol	125-132	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	81-88
22742906-2	2012	With studies in adult animals showing the orexigenic peptides, enkephalin (ENK), galanin (GAL) and orexin (OX), to stimulate ethanol consumption, the question addressed here is whether prenatal ethanol alters the development in utero of specific neurons that express these peptides.	Ethanol	125-132	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	90-93
21983419-7	2012	In addition, four animals received an intracerebroventricular injection of colchicine known to increase the intracellular level of galanin immunoreactivity.	Colchicine	75-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	131-138
21983419-9	2012	In colchicine-treated ewes, numerous Gal-immunoreactive neurones were found in the preoptic area in the vicinity of GnRH-immunoreactive neurones, but the two peptides were never observed in the same neurone.	Colchicine	3-13	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	37-40
21983419-10	2012	In all animals, Gal-ir fibres were observed to be in apposition to GnRH-containing perikarya in the preoptic area and these appositions were more numerous in oestradiol-treated ewes than in control animals.	Estradiol	158-168	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	16-19
21983419-13	2012	As in rodents and primates, galanin could mediate the positive feedback of oestradiol on GnRH neurones during the preovulatory surge in ewes.	Estradiol	75-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	28-35
21414374-2	2011	We investigated whether CGX has hepatoprotective effects against lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine (LPS/D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury and its underlying mechanism(s).	N4-cyclopropyl-5-ethyl-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine	24-27	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	107-111
21414374-8	2011	CGX attenuated LPS/D-GalN-induced lipid peroxidation with concomitant improvement in total antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase).	N4-cyclopropyl-5-ethyl-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine	0-3	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	21-25
21414374-8	2011	CGX attenuated LPS/D-GalN-induced lipid peroxidation with concomitant improvement in total antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase).	Deuterium	19-20	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	21-25
21414374-10	2011	Furthermore, LPS/D-GalN-induced alterations of neutrophil and lymphocyte populations were ameliorated and serum TNF-alpha was decreased significantly by CGX.	N4-cyclopropyl-5-ethyl-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine	153-156	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
21414374-11	2011	From these data we conclude that CGX protects the liver from LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatitis through antioxidant mechanisms as well as immune modulation.	N4-cyclopropyl-5-ethyl-6-piperidin-1-yl-pyrimidine-2,4-diamine	33-36	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-71
21414374-11	2011	From these data we conclude that CGX protects the liver from LPS/D-GalN-induced hepatitis through antioxidant mechanisms as well as immune modulation.	Deuterium	65-66	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-71
21438637-4	2011	Specifically, the SS samples were functionalized with biologically significant carbohydrates [N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-galactose (Gal)] that contain trialkoxysilane derivatives as chemical handles for linking to the surface.	trialkoxysilane derivatives	162-189	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	130-148
20696187-7	2011	Finally, these studies found that GAL could significantly inhibit the ability of AVP to stimulate flank marking in SP-housed hamsters and that there were no differences between hamsters housed in LP and SP in the ability of a GAL antagonist to inhibit AVP-induced flank marking.	TFF2 protein, human	115-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	34-37
23788869-6	2012	The release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol derivatives of MAN and GAL was used.	4-nitrophenol	15-28	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	71-74
23788869-6	2012	The release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol derivatives of MAN and GAL was used.	4-nitrophenol	34-47	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	71-74
21641398-5	2011	Therefore, they must be artificially rendered susceptible to TSS by using sensitizing agents such as d-galactosamine (d-galN), which skews the disease exclusively to the liver and, hence, is not representative of the disease in humans.	Galactosamine	101-116	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-124
21356237-1	2011	HPLC analysis proved that Coptis chinensis glycan contained Ara, Man, and Gal.	Polysaccharides	43-49	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	74-77
21356237-3	2011	HPLC analysis proved that P. amurense glycan contained Ara, Xyl, Glu, and Gal.	Polysaccharides	38-44	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	74-77
21251827-5	2011	Both the structural diversity of the amino acid (Ser, Thr, Phe and Tyr) introduced and the epimeric identity (Glc or Gal) on monosaccharide scaffold were determined to impact the corresponding inhibitory activity and selectivity.	Monosaccharides	125-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	110-120
20645434-3	2010	Our recent studies with GAL analogs suggested that an introduction of lipoamino acids in the context of oligo-Lys residues (lipidization-cationization motif) significantly increases their penetration into the brain, yielding potent antiepileptic compounds.	Lysine	110-113	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-27
20597468-3	2010	Hoechst-IR detects necrosis by binding extracellular DNA released from necrotic cells and was able to image necrosis generated from a myocardial infarction and lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS-GalN) induced sepsis.	hoechst	0-7	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	200-204
20597468-3	2010	Hoechst-IR detects necrosis by binding extracellular DNA released from necrotic cells and was able to image necrosis generated from a myocardial infarction and lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine (LPS-GalN) induced sepsis.	Galactosamine	179-194	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	200-204
20496884-4	2010	Here we show that a family 35 CBM member (CBM35), designated CtCBM35-Gal, binds to alpha-D-galactose (Gal) and, within the context of the plant cell wall, targets the alpha-1,6-Gal residues of galactomannan but not the beta-D-Gal residues in xyloglucan.	ctcbm35-gal	61-72	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-106
20496884-4	2010	Here we show that a family 35 CBM member (CBM35), designated CtCBM35-Gal, binds to alpha-D-galactose (Gal) and, within the context of the plant cell wall, targets the alpha-1,6-Gal residues of galactomannan but not the beta-D-Gal residues in xyloglucan.	galactomannan	193-206	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-106
20496884-4	2010	Here we show that a family 35 CBM member (CBM35), designated CtCBM35-Gal, binds to alpha-D-galactose (Gal) and, within the context of the plant cell wall, targets the alpha-1,6-Gal residues of galactomannan but not the beta-D-Gal residues in xyloglucan.	beta-D-galactose	219-229	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-106
19501971-11	2010	The extensive recruitment of macrophages by anti-Gal/alpha-gal liposomes interaction was further demonstrated in vivo with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge discs containing alpha-gal liposomes, implanted subcutaneously.	Polyvinyl Alcohol	123-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-52
20392659-4	2010	The capability of this new approach was demonstrated experimentally on uniformly (13)C-labeled Glutamine and a tripeptide sample, GAL.	tripeptide K-26	111-121	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	130-133
19501971-11	2010	The extensive recruitment of macrophages by anti-Gal/alpha-gal liposomes interaction was further demonstrated in vivo with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge discs containing alpha-gal liposomes, implanted subcutaneously.	Polyvinyl Alcohol	123-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
19501971-11	2010	The extensive recruitment of macrophages by anti-Gal/alpha-gal liposomes interaction was further demonstrated in vivo with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge discs containing alpha-gal liposomes, implanted subcutaneously.	Polyvinyl Alcohol	142-145	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	49-52
19501971-11	2010	The extensive recruitment of macrophages by anti-Gal/alpha-gal liposomes interaction was further demonstrated in vivo with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge discs containing alpha-gal liposomes, implanted subcutaneously.	Polyvinyl Alcohol	142-145	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
19560125-0	2009	Study on systematizing the synthesis of the a-series ganglioside glycans GT1a, GD1a, and GM1 using the newly developed N-Troc-protected GM3 and GalN intermediates.	Gangliosides	53-64	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	144-148
21299064-0	2010	Galanin and consummatory behavior: special relationship with dietary fat, alcohol and circulating lipids.	Alcohols	74-81	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
21299064-3	2010	In this relationship, GAL increases the consumption of fat or alcohol which, in turn, stimulates the expression of GAL, ultimately leading to overconsumption.	Alcohols	62-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	22-25
21299064-3	2010	In this relationship, GAL increases the consumption of fat or alcohol which, in turn, stimulates the expression of GAL, ultimately leading to overconsumption.	Alcohols	62-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	115-118
21299064-5	2010	These effects of GAL in promoting overconsumption may involve various neurotransmitters, with GAL facilitating intake by stimulating norepinephrine and dopamine and reducing satiety by decreasing serotonin and acetylcholine.	Norepinephrine	133-147	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
21299064-5	2010	These effects of GAL in promoting overconsumption may involve various neurotransmitters, with GAL facilitating intake by stimulating norepinephrine and dopamine and reducing satiety by decreasing serotonin and acetylcholine.	Dopamine	152-160	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
21299064-5	2010	These effects of GAL in promoting overconsumption may involve various neurotransmitters, with GAL facilitating intake by stimulating norepinephrine and dopamine and reducing satiety by decreasing serotonin and acetylcholine.	Dopamine	152-160	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
21299064-5	2010	These effects of GAL in promoting overconsumption may involve various neurotransmitters, with GAL facilitating intake by stimulating norepinephrine and dopamine and reducing satiety by decreasing serotonin and acetylcholine.	Serotonin	196-205	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
21299064-5	2010	These effects of GAL in promoting overconsumption may involve various neurotransmitters, with GAL facilitating intake by stimulating norepinephrine and dopamine and reducing satiety by decreasing serotonin and acetylcholine.	Serotonin	196-205	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
21299064-7	2010	The relationship between GAL, fat, and alcohol may involve triglycerides, circulating lipids that are released by fat or alcohol and that correlate positively with hypothalamic GAL expression.	Alcohols	39-46	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
21299064-7	2010	The relationship between GAL, fat, and alcohol may involve triglycerides, circulating lipids that are released by fat or alcohol and that correlate positively with hypothalamic GAL expression.	Alcohols	39-46	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
21299064-7	2010	The relationship between GAL, fat, and alcohol may involve triglycerides, circulating lipids that are released by fat or alcohol and that correlate positively with hypothalamic GAL expression.	Triglycerides	59-72	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
21299064-7	2010	The relationship between GAL, fat, and alcohol may involve triglycerides, circulating lipids that are released by fat or alcohol and that correlate positively with hypothalamic GAL expression.	Triglycerides	59-72	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
21299064-7	2010	The relationship between GAL, fat, and alcohol may involve triglycerides, circulating lipids that are released by fat or alcohol and that correlate positively with hypothalamic GAL expression.	Alcohols	121-128	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
21299064-8	2010	In females, levels of endogenous GAL also fluctuate across the reproductive cycle, driven by a rise in the ovarian steroids, estrogen, and progesterone.	Steroids	115-123	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-36
21299064-8	2010	In females, levels of endogenous GAL also fluctuate across the reproductive cycle, driven by a rise in the ovarian steroids, estrogen, and progesterone.	Progesterone	139-151	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-36
21299064-12	2010	By responding positively to fat and alcohol and guiding further neuronal development, GAL potentiates a long-term propensity to overconsume fat and alcohol.	Alcohols	36-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
21299064-12	2010	By responding positively to fat and alcohol and guiding further neuronal development, GAL potentiates a long-term propensity to overconsume fat and alcohol.	Alcohols	148-155	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
19523936-1	2009	D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in cultured hepatocytes.	Galactosamine	0-15	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
19523936-1	2009	D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in cultured hepatocytes.	Reactive Oxygen Species	33-56	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
19523936-1	2009	D-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell death in cultured hepatocytes.	Reactive Oxygen Species	58-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
19523936-6	2009	d-GalN induced a transient increase of mitochondrial hyperpolarization and oxidative stress, followed by an increase of oxidized/reduced GSH and Q(10) ratios, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in hepatocytes.	Glutathione	137-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	2-6
19560125-0	2009	Study on systematizing the synthesis of the a-series ganglioside glycans GT1a, GD1a, and GM1 using the newly developed N-Troc-protected GM3 and GalN intermediates.	Polysaccharides	65-72	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	144-148
19560125-0	2009	Study on systematizing the synthesis of the a-series ganglioside glycans GT1a, GD1a, and GM1 using the newly developed N-Troc-protected GM3 and GalN intermediates.	G(M1) Ganglioside	89-92	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	144-148
19232311-2	2009	After degradation of the polysaccharides by acidic hydrolysis, the hexosamines produced (i.e., GlcN from Hep and GalN from OSCS) were derivatized with anthranilic acid (AA) and separated by means of CE in approximately 10 min with high sensitivity detection at 214 nm (limit of detection [LOD] of approximately 200 pg).	Hexosamines	67-78	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-117
19232311-2	2009	After degradation of the polysaccharides by acidic hydrolysis, the hexosamines produced (i.e., GlcN from Hep and GalN from OSCS) were derivatized with anthranilic acid (AA) and separated by means of CE in approximately 10 min with high sensitivity detection at 214 nm (limit of detection [LOD] of approximately 200 pg).	anthranilic acid	151-167	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-117
19087874-2	2009	In this issue, we explored the protective effects of asiatic acid and the relative mechanism in the D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity in hepatocytes and kupffer cells co-cultured system.	asiatic acid	53-65	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	138-142
19136585-2	2009	Most known beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases show a higher activity toward extending type 2 chain (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-), and an over-expression of beta 3GalT5 could suppress the formation of the type 2 chain poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans.	beta 1-4glcnac	109-123	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-108
19136585-2	2009	Most known beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases show a higher activity toward extending type 2 chain (Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-), and an over-expression of beta 3GalT5 could suppress the formation of the type 2 chain poly-N-acetyllactosaminoglycans.	poly-n-acetyllactosaminoglycans	221-252	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-108
19087874-2	2009	In this issue, we explored the protective effects of asiatic acid and the relative mechanism in the D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced hepatotoxicity in hepatocytes and kupffer cells co-cultured system.	Galactosamine	100-115	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	138-142
19087874-5	2009	The results showed that D-GalN/LPS induced the increase of reactive oxygen species followed by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation.	Reactive Oxygen Species	59-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-30
19087874-8	2009	Asiatic acid can protect the hepatocytes against D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity.	asiatic acid	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	51-55
19087874-10	2009	Taken together, asiatic acid can protect against D-GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity partly via redox-regulated LTC(4)S expression pathway.	asiatic acid	16-28	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	51-55
18274892-1	2008	GM1 epitope tetrasaccharide was synthesized by a condensation of sialyl-alpha(2-3)-gal acceptor and gal-beta(1-3)-GalN donor in a highly efficient manner.	G(M1) Ganglioside	0-3	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	114-118
18988886-0	2009	Galanin preproprotein is associated with elevated plasma triglycerides.	Triglycerides	57-70	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-21
18308781-0	2008	Galantamine treatment in Alzheimer"s disease with cerebrovascular disease: responder analyses from a randomized, controlled trial (GAL-INT-6).	Galantamine	0-11	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	131-134
18274892-1	2008	GM1 epitope tetrasaccharide was synthesized by a condensation of sialyl-alpha(2-3)-gal acceptor and gal-beta(1-3)-GalN donor in a highly efficient manner.	tetrasaccharide	12-27	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	114-118
18047841-0	2008	The Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope: a carbohydrate of unique evolution and clinical relevance.	Carbohydrates	57-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
18374124-2	2008	However, Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) determinant elimination may expose cryptic carbohydrate antigens and/or generate new antigens that might interfere with the human immune response.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-23
18374124-2	2008	However, Galalpha1,3Gal (Gal) determinant elimination may expose cryptic carbohydrate antigens and/or generate new antigens that might interfere with the human immune response.	Carbohydrates	73-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	123-126
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
18546155-1	2008	The major barrier in transplantation of pig organs into humans is the presence of surface carbohydrate antigens (e.g., the Gal alpha 1-3 Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc-R (alpha-Gal) epitope) expressed on pig endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	90-102	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Polysaccharides	55-62	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Polysaccharides	55-62	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
18546155-4	2008	As well as the known alpha-Gal antigens, some of these glycans contained novel non-Gal carbohydrate antigens such as (Neu5Gc-Gal-GlcNAc) and Gal alpha 1-3 Lewis(x) (Gal-Gal-(Fuc)GlcNAc) which have not been reported before in N-glycans from pig organs.	Carbohydrates	87-99	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	83-86
17869215-7	2007	Cell viability of SB-mediated telomerase overexpressing cells significantly increased by 48% (t-BH), 43% (CCl(4)), and 25% (d-GalN) in comparison to mock treated cells.	Antimony	18-20	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	126-130
17869215-9	2007	In summary, SB transposon mediated telomerase gene transfer may have a protective effect against t-BH, CCl(4), or d-GalN induced acute cellular injury, and this results suggested SB-mediated telomerase therapy for tissue engineering.	Antimony	12-14	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	116-120
17267065-4	2007	Here, we synthesized a novel pH-sensitive histidine-modified galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-His-C4-Chol), for a more efficient gene delivery to hepatocytes.	Histidine	42-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	100-103
17936189-2	2007	d-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced cell death is mediated by nitric oxide in hepatocytes, and it is associated with hepatic steatosis.	Galactosamine	0-15	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
17936189-2	2007	d-Galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced cell death is mediated by nitric oxide in hepatocytes, and it is associated with hepatic steatosis.	Nitric Oxide	59-71	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
17936189-3	2007	The beneficial properties of alpha-tocopherol and their relation to oxidative stress and gene regulation were assessed in D-GalN-induced cell death.	alpha-Tocopherol	29-45	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	124-128
17936189-5	2007	alpha-Tocopherol (50 microM) was administered at the advanced stages (10 h) of D-GalN-induced cell death in cultured hepatocytes.	alpha-Tocopherol	0-16	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	81-85
17936189-7	2007	D-GalN increased cell death and alpha-tocopherol metabolism.	alpha-Tocopherol	32-48	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	2-6
17936189-8	2007	alpha-Tocopherol exerted a moderate beneficial effect against apoptosis and necrosis induced by D-GalN.	alpha-Tocopherol	0-16	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	98-102
17601514-7	2007	Conformational analysis, using a combination of molecular mechanics, dynamics, and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that the difluoro-C-glycoside populates the non-exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer to a major extent (ca 50%), with a minor contribution ( approximately 15%) from the exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer that corresponds to the ground sate of the parent O-glycoside.	difluoro-c-glycoside	119-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	162-165
17601514-7	2007	Conformational analysis, using a combination of molecular mechanics, dynamics, and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that the difluoro-C-glycoside populates the non-exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer to a major extent (ca 50%), with a minor contribution ( approximately 15%) from the exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer that corresponds to the ground sate of the parent O-glycoside.	difluoro-c-glycoside	119-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	272-275
17601514-7	2007	Conformational analysis, using a combination of molecular mechanics, dynamics, and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that the difluoro-C-glycoside populates the non-exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer to a major extent (ca 50%), with a minor contribution ( approximately 15%) from the exo-Gal/exo-Man conformer that corresponds to the ground sate of the parent O-glycoside.	o-glycoside	344-355	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	162-165
17267065-4	2007	Here, we synthesized a novel pH-sensitive histidine-modified galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-His-C4-Chol), for a more efficient gene delivery to hepatocytes.	Cholesterol	76-87	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	100-103
17267065-4	2007	Here, we synthesized a novel pH-sensitive histidine-modified galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-His-C4-Chol), for a more efficient gene delivery to hepatocytes.	imciromab pentetate	108-110	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	100-103
17267065-4	2007	Here, we synthesized a novel pH-sensitive histidine-modified galactosylated cholesterol derivative (Gal-His-C4-Chol), for a more efficient gene delivery to hepatocytes.	chol	111-115	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	100-103
16314872-2	2006	Animal studies have implicated GAL in alcohol abuse and anxiety: chronic ethanol intake increases hypothalamic GAL mRNA; high levels of stress increase GAL release in the central amygdala.	Ethanol	73-80	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
16647638-2	2006	The present study evaluated the role of nitric oxide (NO) during PGE(1) treatment in fully established d-GalN-induced cytotoxicity in cultured human hepatocytes.	Nitric Oxide	40-52	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-109
16647638-4	2006	PGE(1) (1 microM) was administered at 2 h before d-GalN (40 mM), or 2 or 10 h after d-GalN in cultured hepatocytes.	Prostaglandins E	0-4	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	51-55
16647638-4	2006	PGE(1) (1 microM) was administered at 2 h before d-GalN (40 mM), or 2 or 10 h after d-GalN in cultured hepatocytes.	Prostaglandins E	0-4	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-90
16647638-8	2006	The administration of PGE(1) 10 h after d-GalN enhanced NF-kappaB activation, NOS-2 expression and nitrosative stress.	Prostaglandins E	22-25	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-46
16647638-9	2006	Although PGE(1) administered at 2 h before or 2h after d-GalN reduced apoptosis and necrosis, its administration 10 h after d-GalN had no beneficial effect on cell death.	Prostaglandins E	9-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	57-61
16647638-10	2006	In conclusion, the administration of PGE(1) during advanced d-GalN cytotoxicity induced nitrosative stress and lost its cytoprotective properties in cultured human hepatocytes.	Prostaglandins E	37-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	62-66
17381688-5	2007	Two of three animals were given GAS914, a poly-L-lysine derivative shown to bind to anti-Gal xenoantibodies and neutralize them.	Lysine	42-55	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	89-92
17381688-16	2007	We produced soluble scFv from this new gene to determine whether this antibody could bind to the Gal carbohydrate, and demonstrated that this protein was capable of blocking the binding of human serum xenoantibody to Gal oligosaccharide, as had previously been shown with human V(H)3-11 scFv.	Oligosaccharides	221-236	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	97-100
17381688-16	2007	We produced soluble scFv from this new gene to determine whether this antibody could bind to the Gal carbohydrate, and demonstrated that this protein was capable of blocking the binding of human serum xenoantibody to Gal oligosaccharide, as had previously been shown with human V(H)3-11 scFv.	Oligosaccharides	221-236	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	217-220
17164178-1	2007	Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the cell death induced by d-Galactosamine (d-GalN) in hepatocytes, and NO-derived reactive oxygen intermediates are critical contributors to protein modification and hepatocellular injury.	Nitric Oxide	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
17164178-1	2007	Nitric oxide (NO) participates in the cell death induced by d-Galactosamine (d-GalN) in hepatocytes, and NO-derived reactive oxygen intermediates are critical contributors to protein modification and hepatocellular injury.	Galactosamine	60-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
17164178-3	2007	In the present study, d-GalN-induced cell death was related to augmented levels of NO production and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content.	S-Nitrosothiols	101-115	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-28
17164178-3	2007	In the present study, d-GalN-induced cell death was related to augmented levels of NO production and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) content.	S-Nitrosothiols	117-120	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	24-28
17164178-4	2007	The biotin switch assay confirmed that d-GalN increased the levels of S-nitrosated proteins in human hepatocytes.	Biotin	4-10	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	41-45
17164178-7	2007	Among them, seven were also identified in d-GalN-treated hepatocytes.	Deuterium	29-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	44-48
17164178-8	2007	The results here reported underline the importance of the alteration of SNO homeostasis during d-GalN-induced cell death in human hepatocytes.	S-Nitrosothiols	72-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	97-101
17117548-0	2006	[Galanin increases the survival rate of hippocampal cells injured by H2O2 in vitro].	Hydrogen Peroxide	69-73	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	1-8
17117548-3	2006	GAL and GAL"s nonselective agonist GAL1-11, GalR2"s selective agonist GAL2-11 can increase the survival rate of hippocampal cells suffered form H2O2.	Hydrogen Peroxide	144-148	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
17117548-3	2006	GAL and GAL"s nonselective agonist GAL1-11, GalR2"s selective agonist GAL2-11 can increase the survival rate of hippocampal cells suffered form H2O2.	Hydrogen Peroxide	144-148	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	8-11
16314872-2	2006	Animal studies have implicated GAL in alcohol abuse and anxiety: chronic ethanol intake increases hypothalamic GAL mRNA; high levels of stress increase GAL release in the central amygdala.	Ethanol	73-80	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-114
16314872-2	2006	Animal studies have implicated GAL in alcohol abuse and anxiety: chronic ethanol intake increases hypothalamic GAL mRNA; high levels of stress increase GAL release in the central amygdala.	Ethanol	73-80	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	111-114
16343079-1	2005	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic injury by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) is a suitable experimental model of hepatocellular injury.	Galactosamine	35-50	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	54-58
16343079-9	2005	d-GalN increased tyrosine nitration of four cytosolic (Hsc70, Hsp70, annexin A4 and carbonyl reductase) and three mitochondrial (glycine amidinotransferase, ATP synthase beta chain, and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase) proteins in human hepatocytes.	Tyrosine	17-25	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	2-6
16343079-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidences that oxidative stress and nitric oxide-derived reactive oxygen intermediates induce specific alterations in protein expression that may be critical for the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by d-GalN in cultured human hepatocytes.	Nitric Oxide	69-81	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	240-244
16343079-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The results provide evidences that oxidative stress and nitric oxide-derived reactive oxygen intermediates induce specific alterations in protein expression that may be critical for the induction of apoptosis and necrosis by d-GalN in cultured human hepatocytes.	Oxygen	99-105	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	240-244
15880045-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The expression of galactose-alpha(1,3)galactose (Gal) on porcine cells represents a major barrier to xenotransplantation.	galactosyl-(1-3)galactose	30-59	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	61-64
15944024-3	2005	It is possible that such a function may be revealed by examining the interaction of GAL with norepinephrine (NE), with which it is prominently co-localized.	Norepinephrine	93-107	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	84-87
15944024-4	2005	We showed previously that enhancing stress-activation of the NE system by yohimbine (YOH) pretreatment induced the release of GAL in central amygdala (CeA) to exert an anxiolytic effect on the elevated plus-maze.	Yohimbine	74-83	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	126-129
15944024-4	2005	We showed previously that enhancing stress-activation of the NE system by yohimbine (YOH) pretreatment induced the release of GAL in central amygdala (CeA) to exert an anxiolytic effect on the elevated plus-maze.	Yohimbine	85-88	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	126-129
12620377-3	2003	The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NO during PGE(1) protection against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) citotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes.	Prostaglandins E	70-73	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	115-119
15465628-3	2004	Previous studies indicate pre-treatment with guanine nucleotides displaces endogenous GAL from GAL receptors (GALR), providing an indirect measurement of GALR occupancy.	Guanine Nucleotides	45-64	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
15465628-4	2004	In addition, pre-treatment with guanine nucleotides may provide a more accurate measurement of GALR density since it would avoid the masking of GALRs by residual binding of endogenous GAL.	Guanine Nucleotides	32-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	95-98
15465628-5	2004	Thus, in the present study, we examined the influence of pre-treatment with guanine nucleotides on 125I-GAL binding in multiple regions of normal and AD brain.	Guanine Nucleotides	76-95	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	104-107
15465628-6	2004	Our results indicate that GTP pre-treatment enhances GAL binding in specific regions in normal and AD brain.	Guanosine Triphosphate	26-29	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	53-56
15374745-8	2004	These results suggest that the early increase of GAL in the CA1 pyramidal cells may be associated with the reduction of the excitotoxic damage, that long-lasting enhanced expression of endogenous GAL at 12 h-2 days after ischemia may be associated with efflux of potassium ion into the extracellular space, and that GAL expression in microglia 4 days after ischemia may be associated with reduction of ischemic damage.	Potassium	263-272	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	196-199
15374745-8	2004	These results suggest that the early increase of GAL in the CA1 pyramidal cells may be associated with the reduction of the excitotoxic damage, that long-lasting enhanced expression of endogenous GAL at 12 h-2 days after ischemia may be associated with efflux of potassium ion into the extracellular space, and that GAL expression in microglia 4 days after ischemia may be associated with reduction of ischemic damage.	Potassium	263-272	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	196-199
15275747-1	2004	We investigated the peripheral function of galanin (GAL) in capsaicin (CAP)-induced inflammatory pain.	Capsaicin	60-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	43-50
15275747-1	2004	We investigated the peripheral function of galanin (GAL) in capsaicin (CAP)-induced inflammatory pain.	Capsaicin	60-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	52-55
15275747-1	2004	We investigated the peripheral function of galanin (GAL) in capsaicin (CAP)-induced inflammatory pain.	Capsaicin	71-74	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	43-50
14610237-4	2004	Intrathecal injection of rat galanin (Gal(1-29)) or human galanin (Gal(1-30)) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of formalin-evoked flinching in phase 2, but not in phase 1.	Formaldehyde	118-126	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	58-65
14610237-4	2004	Intrathecal injection of rat galanin (Gal(1-29)) or human galanin (Gal(1-30)) produced a dose-dependent inhibition of formalin-evoked flinching in phase 2, but not in phase 1.	Formaldehyde	118-126	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-70
14960194-4	2004	RESULTS: HO-1 induction with cobalt protoporphorin (Co-PP) dose-dependently protected against apoptotic cell death as well as neutrophil-mediated oncosis in the galactosamine/endotoxin (Gal/ET) shock model.	cobalt protoporphorin	29-50	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	186-189
14960194-4	2004	RESULTS: HO-1 induction with cobalt protoporphorin (Co-PP) dose-dependently protected against apoptotic cell death as well as neutrophil-mediated oncosis in the galactosamine/endotoxin (Gal/ET) shock model.	co-pp	52-57	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	186-189
14960194-7	2004	Furthermore, a similar protective effect with the high dose of Co-PP was observed when animals were treated with Gal/TNF-alpha.	co-pp	63-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-116
14631106-0	2003	Carbohydrate structural units in glycoproteins and polysaccharides as important ligands for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	92-95
14631106-0	2003	Carbohydrate structural units in glycoproteins and polysaccharides as important ligands for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Polysaccharides	51-66	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	92-95
14631106-12	2003	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding properties of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for structural units and their binding profiles are expressed in decreasing order of reactivity.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	117-120
14631106-12	2003	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding properties of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for structural units and their binding profiles are expressed in decreasing order of reactivity.	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	121-127	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	117-120
14631106-13	2003	Hence, the binding relationship between glycoproteins and Gal/GalNAc specific lectins can be explored.	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	62-68	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	58-61
12647269-2	2003	Galanin (GAL) is a neuropeptide, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, that interacts with both sympathetic and vagal systems as well as with neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.	Serotonin	197-206	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
12647269-2	2003	Galanin (GAL) is a neuropeptide, widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, that interacts with both sympathetic and vagal systems as well as with neurotransmitters, such as serotonin.	Serotonin	197-206	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
12620377-3	2003	The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of NO during PGE(1) protection against D-galactosamine (D-GalN) citotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes.	Galactosamine	96-111	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	115-119
12620377-4	2003	PGE(1) was preadministered to D-GalN-treated hepatocytes.	Alprostadil	0-6	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	32-36
12620377-8	2003	PGE(1) protection against D-GalN injury was associated with its capacity to reduce iNOS expression and NO production induced by D-GalN.	Prostaglandins E	0-3	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	28-32
12620377-12	2003	The present study suggests that low NO production induced by PGE(1) preadministration reduces D-GalN-induced cell death through its capacity to reduce iNOS expression and NO production caused by the hepatotoxin.	Prostaglandins E	61-64	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	96-100
12471460-0	2003	125I-labeled galanin binding sites in congenital innervation defects of the distal colon.	Iodine-125	0-4	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	13-20
12471460-6	2003	An increased population of GAL receptor positive, parasympathetic nerve fibers was seen in the aganglionic segment of HD as compared to controls and IND B.	ind b	149-154	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	27-30
12371933-3	2002	Here, we present evidence suggesting that the majority of human anti-non-Gal antibodies are specific for carbohydrate structures carrying terminally linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), a xenoantigen existing in almost all animals except humans.	Carbohydrates	105-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-76
12371933-3	2002	Here, we present evidence suggesting that the majority of human anti-non-Gal antibodies are specific for carbohydrate structures carrying terminally linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), a xenoantigen existing in almost all animals except humans.	N-glycolylneuraminic acid	156-181	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-76
12371933-3	2002	Here, we present evidence suggesting that the majority of human anti-non-Gal antibodies are specific for carbohydrate structures carrying terminally linked N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), a xenoantigen existing in almost all animals except humans.	N-glycolylneuraminic acid	183-188	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	73-76
12099826-4	2002	About 56%, 54%, and 94% of the available anhydride groups reacted to give galactosyl-amide (SMA-Gal), glucosyl-amide (SMA-Gluc), and lactosyl-amide (SMA-Lac) branched polymers, respectively.	galactosyl-amide	74-90	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	96-99
12374194-0	2002	Carbohydrate structural units in glycosphingolipids as receptors for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	0-12	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	69-72
12374194-0	2002	Carbohydrate structural units in glycosphingolipids as receptors for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Glycosphingolipids	33-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	69-72
12374194-1	2002	Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) contain many carbohydrate epitopes or crypto-glycotopes for Gal and GalNAc reactive lectins.	Carbohydrates	39-51	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	86-89
12374194-7	2002	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding specificities of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for the structural units and their binding properties expressed by decreasing order of reactivity.	Carbohydrates	82-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
12374194-7	2002	To facilitate the selection of lectins that could serve as structural probes, the carbohydrate binding specificities of Gal/GalNAc reactive lectins have been classified according to their highest affinity for the structural units and their binding properties expressed by decreasing order of reactivity.	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	124-130	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
12374194-8	2002	Hence, the binding relation between GSLs and Gal/GalNAc specific lectins can be established.	Glycosphingolipids	36-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	45-48
12374194-8	2002	Hence, the binding relation between GSLs and Gal/GalNAc specific lectins can be established.	N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid	49-55	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	45-48
12099826-4	2002	About 56%, 54%, and 94% of the available anhydride groups reacted to give galactosyl-amide (SMA-Gal), glucosyl-amide (SMA-Gluc), and lactosyl-amide (SMA-Lac) branched polymers, respectively.	poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)	92-95	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	96-99
12099826-4	2002	About 56%, 54%, and 94% of the available anhydride groups reacted to give galactosyl-amide (SMA-Gal), glucosyl-amide (SMA-Gluc), and lactosyl-amide (SMA-Lac) branched polymers, respectively.	lactosyl-amide	76-90	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	96-99
11818519-9	2002	Transfection studies revealed that in the presence of 100 nmol/l estradiol-17 beta (E(2)), a minimal 0.3 kb promoter construct (pH-298/+25 beta Gal) mediated a high level of beta-Gal expression in immortalized human oviductal epithelial OE-E6/E7 cells, but not in MCF-7 and CHO-K1 cells.	Estradiol	65-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	144-147
11983014-1	2002	The hyperacute rejection observed in models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is mainly because of the presence of natural antibodies in human blood with specificity for the Galalpha(1-3)Gal (Gal) carbohydrate moiety present on the surface of porcine endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	176-192
11983014-1	2002	The hyperacute rejection observed in models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation is mainly because of the presence of natural antibodies in human blood with specificity for the Galalpha(1-3)Gal (Gal) carbohydrate moiety present on the surface of porcine endothelial cells.	Carbohydrates	199-211	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	176-179
12071354-1	2002	D-galactosamine (D-GalN) toxicity is a useful experimental model of liver failure in human.	Galactosamine	0-15	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-23
11487315-0	2001	Preparation, characterization, and luminescence properties of gallium-metal face-to-face diporphyrins (M = H(2), GaL, Ru(CO)(OH), Co).	Gallium	62-69	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-116
12448081-8	2002	The co-localization of GAL and dopamine beta-hydroxylase (D beta H--a key enzyme of the noradrenaline synthesis pathway) in perivascular nerve fibers could lead to considerable vasospasms in the pancreas, resulting in deeper hypoxia of the organ.	Norepinephrine	88-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-26
11487315-0	2001	Preparation, characterization, and luminescence properties of gallium-metal face-to-face diporphyrins (M = H(2), GaL, Ru(CO)(OH), Co).	diporphyrins	89-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	113-116
11487315-1	2001	The preparation and characterization of a new series of mixed metal cofacial anthracene-bridged diporphyrins (DPA) containing a GaL fragment (L = OMe, OH) and another metallic center (M = GaL, Ru(CO)(OH), Co, and H(2) (i.e. free base)) are reported.	diporphyrins	96-108	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	128-131
11487315-1	2001	The preparation and characterization of a new series of mixed metal cofacial anthracene-bridged diporphyrins (DPA) containing a GaL fragment (L = OMe, OH) and another metallic center (M = GaL, Ru(CO)(OH), Co, and H(2) (i.e. free base)) are reported.	dpa	110-113	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	128-131
11487315-5	2001	On the basis of a comparison with photophysical data on GaL monoporphyrins, the weak fluorescence and absence of phosphorescence for most cases indicate efficient intramolecular quenching.	monoporphyrins	60-74	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	56-59
11027855-7	2000	The copresence VIP/Gal/NOS as well as PACAP/VIP were revealed in some NADPH-d-neurons.	NADP	70-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	19-22
11468550-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Natural antibodies that react with galactose-alpha(1,3)galactose [galalpha(1,3)gal] carbohydrate epitopes exist in humans and Old World primates because of the inactivation of the alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) gene in these species and the subsequent production of antibodies to environmental microbes that express the galalpha(1,3)gal antigen.	Galactose	47-56	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-70
11468550-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Natural antibodies that react with galactose-alpha(1,3)galactose [galalpha(1,3)gal] carbohydrate epitopes exist in humans and Old World primates because of the inactivation of the alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT) gene in these species and the subsequent production of antibodies to environmental microbes that express the galalpha(1,3)gal antigen.	alpha(1,3)galactose	57-76	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-50
11468550-2	2001	The Gal knockout (Gal o/o) mouse, produced by homologous disruption of the alpha1,3GT gene, spontaneously makes anti-galalpha(1,3)gal antibodies and can be used to study the genetic control of humoral immune responses to this carbohydrate epitope.	Carbohydrates	226-238	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
11161729-8	2001	ICN immunoreactive for nNOS or GAL spread over the entire choroid, although they were concentrated in an equatorial zone passing obliquely from naso-cranial to temporo-caudal.	icn	0-3	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
11027855-9	2000	Moreover the presence of VIP, Gal and PACAP in some NADPH-d-containing neurons enhances the inhibitory actions of these neurotransmitters whereas PACAP and Gal role is actually unknown.	[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-5-(6-aminopurin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-phosphonooxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl] [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(3-carbamoyl-4-deuterio-4H-pyridin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl hydrogen phosphate	52-59	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-33
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	Phorbol Esters	240-253	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	40-47
10818256-1	2000	Hypertrophy of fibers containing galanin (GAL), the inhibitory neurotransmitter of acetylcholine, occur on remaining cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in late stage Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Acetylcholine	83-96	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-40
10818256-1	2000	Hypertrophy of fibers containing galanin (GAL), the inhibitory neurotransmitter of acetylcholine, occur on remaining cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons in late stage Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Acetylcholine	83-96	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-45
10827009-10	2000	Both hGAL-(1-30) and -(3-30) potentiated the rise in GHRH-stimulated GH levels [area under the curve (AUC), saline, 2,810 +/- 500 vs. hGAL-(1-30), 4,660 +/- 737, P < 0.01; vs. hGAL-(3-30), 6, 870 +/- 1,550 ng.	Sodium Chloride	108-114	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	5-9
10385697-1	1999	We investigated trans-acting factors mediating galanin (GAL) gene activation by protein kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways in chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	137-147	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-54
10385697-1	1999	We investigated trans-acting factors mediating galanin (GAL) gene activation by protein kinase-dependent signal transduction pathways in chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	137-147	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	56-59
10385697-2	1999	GAL mRNA up-regulation via the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway (25 microM forskolin) required new protein synthesis.	Colforsin	73-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	48-84	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	40-47
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	48-84	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	203-206
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	86-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	40-47
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	86-117	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	203-206
10385697-6	1999	Transcriptional activation required the galanin 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) response element (GTRE) octamer sequence (TGACGCGG) in the proximal enhancer of the GAL gene, previously shown to confer phorbol ester responsiveness in chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	272-282	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	40-47
10385697-11	1999	Elevated potassium stimulation of GAL mRNA was completely blocked, but pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide and histamine stimulations were only partially blocked, by cycloheximide.	Potassium	9-18	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	34-37
10218835-2	1999	Our results demonstrate that, though these two galactosyltransferases both utilize the same donor sugar-nucleotide (UDP-Gal), the difference in their mechanisms can be utilized to design donor sugar or nucleotide analogues with inhibitory activities selective for only one of the galactosyltransferases.	sugar-nucleotide	98-114	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
10218835-2	1999	Our results demonstrate that, though these two galactosyltransferases both utilize the same donor sugar-nucleotide (UDP-Gal), the difference in their mechanisms can be utilized to design donor sugar or nucleotide analogues with inhibitory activities selective for only one of the galactosyltransferases.	Sugars	98-103	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	120-123
9275119-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The cell surface carbohydrate moiety, Gal(alpha1,3)Galactose (alphaGal), has been implicated as the major determinant recognized by more than 80% of human anti-porcine natural antibodies (NAb).	Carbohydrates	29-41	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	50-72
10403497-7	1999	In the oviduct of non-reproductive females, 17beta-estradiol administration induced a significant increase of neurons containing Gal/IR.	Estradiol	44-60	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	129-132
9928172-4	1998	This function of aPVN GAL neurons is carried out in close relation to circulating insulin and glucose.	Glucose	94-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	22-25
9928172-5	1998	Galanin-expressing perikarya in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) have a similar function, although GAL here operates in association with the female steroids estrogen and progesterone.	Steroids	147-155	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	98-101
9928183-2	1998	It is hypothesized that increased activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, the principal norepinephrine (NE)-containing cells in the brain, causes release of galanin (GAL) in the ventral tegmentum (VTA) from LC axon terminals in which GAL is colocalized with NE.	Norepinephrine	94-108	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	163-170
9928183-2	1998	It is hypothesized that increased activity of the locus coeruleus (LC) neurons, the principal norepinephrine (NE)-containing cells in the brain, causes release of galanin (GAL) in the ventral tegmentum (VTA) from LC axon terminals in which GAL is colocalized with NE.	Norepinephrine	94-108	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	172-175
9726228-5	1998	Histological assessment of Gal-expressing cells revealed that 54.9 +/- 8.8% stained positive for either insulin or glucagon.	Glucagon	115-123	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	27-30
9600091-1	1998	The expression of the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is elevated in vivo upon nerve stimulation, injury, and in vitro by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), suggesting that a signal pathway involving protein kinase C activation may be involved in GAL-gene activation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	117-148	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	35-42
9600091-1	1998	The expression of the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is elevated in vivo upon nerve stimulation, injury, and in vitro by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), suggesting that a signal pathway involving protein kinase C activation may be involved in GAL-gene activation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	117-148	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	44-47
9600091-1	1998	The expression of the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is elevated in vivo upon nerve stimulation, injury, and in vitro by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), suggesting that a signal pathway involving protein kinase C activation may be involved in GAL-gene activation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	150-153	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	35-42
9600091-1	1998	The expression of the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is elevated in vivo upon nerve stimulation, injury, and in vitro by phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), suggesting that a signal pathway involving protein kinase C activation may be involved in GAL-gene activation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	150-153	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	44-47
9556077-6	1998	Kinetic experiments showed that saturation of GALR sites by [125I]GAL (human) (hGAL) occurred within 2 h and that this binding readily reversed in the presence of a GTP analog, but not in the presence of excess unlabeled hGAL.	Guanosine Triphosphate	165-168	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-49
9556077-6	1998	Kinetic experiments showed that saturation of GALR sites by [125I]GAL (human) (hGAL) occurred within 2 h and that this binding readily reversed in the presence of a GTP analog, but not in the presence of excess unlabeled hGAL.	Guanosine Triphosphate	165-168	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-83
10221824-2	1998	Hepatotoxicity induced by D-galactosamine (D-GalN) is a suitable animal model of human acute hepatic failure.	Galactosamine	26-41	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	45-49
9459305-5	1997	This applied to both types of polysaccharide chains found in PGs, namely the galactosaminoglycuronans (GalN-GAGs) and the glucosaminoglycuronans (GlcN-GAGs).	galactosaminoglycuronans	77-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	103-107
9459305-6	1997	However, senescent HFs produced a greater proportion of PGs containing GlcN-GAG chains and increased the sulphation of the remaining PG fraction with GalN-GAG moieties, yielding a major gain of C6-sulphate groups in the galactosamine residues.	Glycosaminoglycans	155-158	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	150-154
9854683-0	1998	Influence of galanin and serotonin on the endocrine response to Hexarelin, a synthetic peptidyl GH-secretagogue, in normal women.	hexarelin	64-73	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	13-20
9854683-7	1998	In group A, the GH response to HEX (1204.2 +/- 312.9 micrograms*min/L) was higher (p < 0.05) than that to GAL alone (305.6 +/- 35.5 micrograms*min/L) and was not modified by GAL co-administration (1021.8 +/- 249.9 micrograms*min/L).	hexarelin	31-34	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	177-180
9512271-7	1998	In the locus coeruleus (LC), around 80% of the GMAP-positive neurons contained neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY), and about 40% of the NPY-positive neurons expressed GMAP.	Tyrosine	92-100	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-51
9512271-11	1998	The functional role of GAL may be related to noradrenaline, possibly by a presynaptic action.	Norepinephrine	45-58	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-26
9451010-6	1998	Of the monosaccharides studied, the phenylbeta derivatives of Gal were much better inhibitors than the methylbeta derivative, while only an insignificant difference was found between the Galalpha anomer of methyl- and p -NO2-phenyl derivatives.	Monosaccharides	7-22	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	62-65
9451010-7	1998	From these results, it can be concluded that the combining size of the agglutinin is as large as a disaccharide of the alpha-anomer of Gal at nonreducing end and most complementary to Galalpha1-->6Glc.	Disaccharides	99-111	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	135-138
9451010-8	1998	As for the combining site of PA-IL toward the beta-anomer, the size is assumed to be less than that of Gal; carbon-6 in the pyranose form is essential, and hydrophobic interaction is important for binding.	pa-il	29-34	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
9451010-8	1998	As for the combining site of PA-IL toward the beta-anomer, the size is assumed to be less than that of Gal; carbon-6 in the pyranose form is essential, and hydrophobic interaction is important for binding.	carbon-6	108-116	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
9451010-8	1998	As for the combining site of PA-IL toward the beta-anomer, the size is assumed to be less than that of Gal; carbon-6 in the pyranose form is essential, and hydrophobic interaction is important for binding.	Pyranose	124-132	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	103-106
9275119-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The cell surface carbohydrate moiety, Gal(alpha1,3)Galactose (alphaGal), has been implicated as the major determinant recognized by more than 80% of human anti-porcine natural antibodies (NAb).	alpha-D-galactose	74-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	50-72
9275119-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The cell surface carbohydrate moiety, Gal(alpha1,3)Galactose (alphaGal), has been implicated as the major determinant recognized by more than 80% of human anti-porcine natural antibodies (NAb).	nab	200-203	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	50-72
9266697-1	1997	Complementary DNA encoding a human Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase type II (hST3Gal II) was cloned from a CEM T-cell cDNA library using a 23-base oligonucleotide probe.	Oligonucleotides	160-175	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	35-88
9002184-1	1996	p-Methoxyphenyl (pMP) beta-D-glycopyranosides (Glc, Gal, GlcNPhth, GalNPhth, GlcNTroc, Gal beta 4Glc, Gal alpha 4Gal) were prepared from the corresponding 1-O-acetyl sugars in 79-90% yield, using boron trifluoride etherate as promoter.	p-methoxyphenyl (pmp) beta-d-glycopyranosides	0-45	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-116
9402244-1	1997	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is localized in the peripheral and central nervous systems as well as in the adrenal medulla where it coexists with catecholamines.	Catecholamines	147-161	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-24
9402244-1	1997	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is localized in the peripheral and central nervous systems as well as in the adrenal medulla where it coexists with catecholamines.	Catecholamines	147-161	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
9054470-2	1997	GAL is colocalized with corticotropin (ACTH) in the human pituitary and with epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.	Epinephrine	77-88	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
9054470-2	1997	GAL is colocalized with corticotropin (ACTH) in the human pituitary and with epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.	Norepinephrine	97-111	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
9002184-1	1996	p-Methoxyphenyl (pMP) beta-D-glycopyranosides (Glc, Gal, GlcNPhth, GalNPhth, GlcNTroc, Gal beta 4Glc, Gal alpha 4Gal) were prepared from the corresponding 1-O-acetyl sugars in 79-90% yield, using boron trifluoride etherate as promoter.	1-o-acetyl sugars	155-172	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-116
9002184-1	1996	p-Methoxyphenyl (pMP) beta-D-glycopyranosides (Glc, Gal, GlcNPhth, GalNPhth, GlcNTroc, Gal beta 4Glc, Gal alpha 4Gal) were prepared from the corresponding 1-O-acetyl sugars in 79-90% yield, using boron trifluoride etherate as promoter.	boron trifluoride etherate	196-222	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	47-116
8930940-0	1996	Acute administration of human galanin in normal subjects reduces the potentiating effect of pyridostigmine-induced cholinergic enhancement on release of norepinephrine and pancreatic polypeptide.	Pyridostigmine Bromide	92-106	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-37
8930940-0	1996	Acute administration of human galanin in normal subjects reduces the potentiating effect of pyridostigmine-induced cholinergic enhancement on release of norepinephrine and pancreatic polypeptide.	Norepinephrine	153-167	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	30-37
8930940-1	1996	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it often coexists with catecholamines and acetylcholine.	Catecholamines	128-142	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-24
8930940-1	1996	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it often coexists with catecholamines and acetylcholine.	Catecholamines	128-142	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
8930940-1	1996	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it often coexists with catecholamines and acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	147-160	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-24
8930940-1	1996	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems where it often coexists with catecholamines and acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	147-160	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
8930940-2	1996	Recently we have reported that human GAL (hGAL) in man depresses the release of norepinephrine (NE) and the responses to both assumption of upright posture and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.	Norepinephrine	80-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	37-40
8930940-2	1996	Recently we have reported that human GAL (hGAL) in man depresses the release of norepinephrine (NE) and the responses to both assumption of upright posture and insulin-induced hypoglycemia.	Norepinephrine	80-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-46
8548058-1	1995	Human galanin (hGAL) is a neuropeptide with 30 amino acid residues that has been found in the peripheral and central nervous system, where it often co-exists with catecholamines.	Catecholamines	163-177	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	15-19
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	Phosphates	47-56	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	87-93	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	N-acetylmannosamine	95-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	Glucose	103-110	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	Galactose	112-121	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	Mannose	123-130	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8702831-2	1996	The kinase is quite specific for GalNAc as the phosphate acceptor and is inactive with GlcNAc, ManNAc, glucose, galactose, mannose, GalN, and GlcN.	Glucosamine	87-91	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	33-37
8707864-9	1996	Treatment of IdlD cells with neuraminidase reveals that the sialic acid of the O-linked carbohydrate protects against TfR cleavage, whereas the core sugars Gal-NAc and Gal do not protect as much.	Sugars	149-155	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	156-159
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Galactose	62-71	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Galactose	62-71	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	32-35
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Acetylglucosamine	94-116	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Acetylglucosamine	94-116	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	32-35
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Acetylglucosamine	133-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	Acetylglucosamine	133-139	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	32-35
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	r	140-141	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
8706738-2	1996	beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (Gal-T, EC 2.4.1.38) transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine or a derivative GlcNAc-R.	r	140-141	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	32-35
8743965-9	1996	When GAL is used as a marker for this neuronal system, it is clear that estradiol as well as progesterone profoundly affects the message and expression of the peptide and that this regulation, at least in rodents, is neonatally predetermined by gonadal steroid imprinting.	Estradiol	72-81	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	5-8
8743965-12	1996	Using an immortalized LHRH neuronal cell line (GT1) we have recently observed that these neurons express estrogen receptor (ER) and GAL and that estradiol can increase the expression of GAL, indicating functional activation of the endogenous ER.	Estradiol	145-154	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	186-189
8820413-0	1996	Fluorescence and Monte Carlo conformational studies of the (1-15) galanin amide fragment.	Amides	74-79	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	66-73
8820413-10	1996	These findings are in agreement with the results of earlier CD and NMR conformational studies of galanin in water and non-aqueous solvents.	Water	108-113	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	97-104
8734340-5	1996	RESULTS: Both hGal and rGal contracted the preparations in a concentration-dependent and tetrodotoxin-resistant manner without difference in sensitivity.	Tetrodotoxin	89-101	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-18
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	tetrasaccharide	63-78	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-82
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	tetrasaccharide	63-78	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	118-121
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	97-103	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-82
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	97-103	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	118-121
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	136-142	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-82
8593630-0	1995	Site-directed enzymatic alpha-(1-->3)-L-fucosylation of the tetrasaccharide Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc beta(1-->3)Gal beta(1-->4)GlcNAc at the distal N-acetyllactosamine unit.	N-acetyllactosamine	157-176	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	79-82
8548058-3	1995	Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance.	Norepinephrine	73-87	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	6-9
8548058-3	1995	Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance.	Norepinephrine	73-87	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	202-206
8548058-3	1995	Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance.	Epinephrine	76-87	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	6-9
8548058-3	1995	Human GAL administration significantly reduced both the release of basal norepinephrine and the response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, whereas it attenuated the epinephrine response by 26%, with the hGAL-induced decrease in epinephrine release failing to achieve statistical significance.	Epinephrine	164-175	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	202-206
8548058-5	1995	We conclude that GAL receptor stimulation exerts an inhibitory effect on basal and insulin-induced hypoglycemia-stimulated release of norepinephrine.	Norepinephrine	134-148	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
7539818-0	1995	Human galanin reduces plasma norepinephrine levels in man.	Norepinephrine	29-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	6-13
7588709-0	1995	Construction of stable BHK-21 cells coexpressing human secretory glycoproteins and human Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc-R alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase alpha 2,6-linked NeuAc is preferentially attached to the Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(alpha 1-3)-branch of diantennary oligosaccharides from secreted recombinant beta-trace protein.	Oligosaccharides	262-278	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	89-161
8570858-0	1995	Differential effects of deltorphin on arginine and galanin-induced growth hormone secretion in healthy man.	deltorphin	24-34	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	51-58
7539818-1	1995	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, where it often coexists with catecholamines.	Catecholamines	129-143	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-24
7534460-6	1994	Non-hydrolysable guanosine nucleotides potently reduced specific binding of 125-I-labelled hGal by more than 80%.	guanosine nucleotides	17-38	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	91-95
7539818-1	1995	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous systems, where it often coexists with catecholamines.	Catecholamines	129-143	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
7539818-3	1995	hGAL depressed supine plasma NE (0.84 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.02 nmol/L) and blunted the NE response to assumption of the UP (1.68 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.44 +/- 0.03 nmol/L), but caused a significant enhancement of the epinephrine response to assumption of the UP (0.22 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.65 +/- 0.06 nmol/L).	Epinephrine	211-222	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
7534460-8	1994	Using 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulphonate, hGal receptors were successfully solubilized from human cortical membranes, exhibiting no significant loss of binding affinity.	3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulphonate	6-75	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	77-81
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Nitrogen	296-297	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-18
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Nitrogen	296-297	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	154-158
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Acetylglucosamine	298-316	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-18
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Acetylglucosamine	298-316	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	154-158
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Galactose	321-330	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	14-18
7534460-10	1994	This putative hGal receptor is glycosylated since its molecular size was reduced after treatment with endoglycosidase F. Receptors bound to 125I-labelled hGal could be specifically adsorbed to wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin, suggesting that receptor glycosylation involves N-acetyl glucosamine and galactose respectively.	Galactose	321-330	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	154-158
8104224-4	1993	We hypothesized that anti-Gal may bind in vitro to alpha-galactosyl epitopes on xenogeneic TSH receptors (TSHR) and mimic the effect of TSH on xenogeneic thyrocytes.	Thyrotropin	91-94	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
7524093-6	1994	Through PVN injection studies with antisense oligonucleotides to Gal mRNA, a dramatic decline in fat ingestion and body weight suggests that endogenous Gal contributes to the natural appetite for fat.	Oligonucleotides	45-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	65-68
7524093-6	1994	Through PVN injection studies with antisense oligonucleotides to Gal mRNA, a dramatic decline in fat ingestion and body weight suggests that endogenous Gal contributes to the natural appetite for fat.	Oligonucleotides	45-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	152-155
7520703-9	1994	In another set of experiments, we found that GAL mRNA levels could be induced more than 10-fold by 20-hr treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	120-151	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	45-48
7520703-9	1994	In another set of experiments, we found that GAL mRNA levels could be induced more than 10-fold by 20-hr treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	153-156	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	45-48
8186551-2	1994	Transitions between predominantly two conformational states were observed for the NeuNAc alpha (2-->3)Gal linkage, consistent with previous observations for this linkage in sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine.	sialyl-N-acetyllactosamine	176-202	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	105-108
8186551-4	1994	The Fuc alpha(1-->3)GlcNAc and Gal beta (1-->4)GlcNAc linkages, however, showed more restricted flexibility within a single energy well (RMS differences for the time-averaged glycosidic torsion angles, <phi> and <psi>, were 50% lower than for the NeuNAc alpha(2-->3)Gal linkage), and approximate to a rigid conformation.	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	53-59	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	34-37
8104224-5	1993	Assays performed with porcine thyrocytes have indicated that anti-Gal can mimic in vitro TSH effects in stimulation for cAMP synthesis, 125I uptake, and cell proliferation.	Cyclic AMP	120-124	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	66-69
7683014-12	1993	We propose the following sequence of sugar addition to the carbohydrate side-chains of gastric glycoproteins: (1) GaNAc (Golgi apparatus cis-side), (2) GlcNAc (Golgi apparatus intermediate face), (3) GalNac or Gal, alpha-L-fucose (Golgi apparatus trans-side).	Sugars	37-42	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-213
7683014-12	1993	We propose the following sequence of sugar addition to the carbohydrate side-chains of gastric glycoproteins: (1) GaNAc (Golgi apparatus cis-side), (2) GlcNAc (Golgi apparatus intermediate face), (3) GalNac or Gal, alpha-L-fucose (Golgi apparatus trans-side).	Carbohydrates	59-71	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-213
7683014-12	1993	We propose the following sequence of sugar addition to the carbohydrate side-chains of gastric glycoproteins: (1) GaNAc (Golgi apparatus cis-side), (2) GlcNAc (Golgi apparatus intermediate face), (3) GalNac or Gal, alpha-L-fucose (Golgi apparatus trans-side).	2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-(beta-2-acetamid-2-deoxyglucopyranosyl)glucopyranose	152-158	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	160-213
1556184-1	1992	One percent of circulating IgG in humans recognizes galactose alpha 1,3 galactose residues (anti-Gal) and is synthesized in response to stimulation by enteric bacteria.	galactosyl-(1-3)galactose	52-81	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	97-100
21554646-1	1992	Galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) is a flanking peptide in mammalian preprogalanin located C-terminally of galanin (GAL).	preprogalanin	77-90	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-34
21554646-1	1992	Galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) is a flanking peptide in mammalian preprogalanin located C-terminally of galanin (GAL).	preprogalanin	77-90	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	36-40
21554646-1	1992	Galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) is a flanking peptide in mammalian preprogalanin located C-terminally of galanin (GAL).	preprogalanin	77-90	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	124-127
21554646-3	1992	A sensitive radioimmunoassay, developed against a species-conserved portion of mammalian GMAP (synthetic porcine GMAP(19-41)amide), was applied to serially diluted blowfly head extracts.	Amides	124-129	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	89-93
1556184-4	1992	In contrast, when anti-Gal bound to the capsular polysaccharide of a serum sensitive Serratia, #7, it increased ACP killing of this strain.	Polysaccharides	49-63	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	23-26
1552169-4	1992	Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides containing Gal(beta-1,4) GlcNAc and Man residues were abundant in serous cells.	asparagine-linked oligosaccharides	0-34	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-66
1371452-4	1992	Galanin secretion from median eminence (ME) fragments incubated in vitro increased exponentially with time, whereas GAL release from arcuate nucleus-ME (AN-ME) fragments depicted a secretory profile consisting of an initial exponential rising phase, followed by a plateau phase in which GAL secretion was apparently abolished.	an-me	153-158	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
1371452-5	1992	Moreover, preexposure of AN-ME fragments to porcine GAL (pGAL) increased tissue responsiveness to K(+)-induced depolarization, suggesting that pGAL reduced the gain of the system.	an-me	25-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	52-55
1371452-5	1992	Moreover, preexposure of AN-ME fragments to porcine GAL (pGAL) increased tissue responsiveness to K(+)-induced depolarization, suggesting that pGAL reduced the gain of the system.	L-Lysine L-glutamate	57-61	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	52-55
1371452-5	1992	Moreover, preexposure of AN-ME fragments to porcine GAL (pGAL) increased tissue responsiveness to K(+)-induced depolarization, suggesting that pGAL reduced the gain of the system.	L-Lysine L-glutamate	143-147	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	52-55
1371452-7	1992	In addition, blockade of GAL biological activity in vivo by administration of a sheep antirat GAL serum increased GAL release from AN-ME fragments in vitro, whereas this treatment did not affect GAL release from ME terminals.	Ethanol	131-133	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
1371452-7	1992	In addition, blockade of GAL biological activity in vivo by administration of a sheep antirat GAL serum increased GAL release from AN-ME fragments in vitro, whereas this treatment did not affect GAL release from ME terminals.	Ethanol	131-133	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
1371452-7	1992	In addition, blockade of GAL biological activity in vivo by administration of a sheep antirat GAL serum increased GAL release from AN-ME fragments in vitro, whereas this treatment did not affect GAL release from ME terminals.	Ethanol	131-133	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
1371452-7	1992	In addition, blockade of GAL biological activity in vivo by administration of a sheep antirat GAL serum increased GAL release from AN-ME fragments in vitro, whereas this treatment did not affect GAL release from ME terminals.	Ethanol	131-133	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	94-97
1378950-6	1992	However, human GAL showed similar biological activity to the other (amidated) GALs here.	cyclohexenoesculetin-beta-galactoside	78-82	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	15-18
1371576-2	1992	GAL is also endowed with an inhibiting effect on glucose-stimulated insulin release in animals, but not in man.	Glucose	49-56	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1576211-9	1992	Finally, we observed that the values of the torsional angles of the three linkages: NeuAc(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-), Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-) and GlcNAc(beta 1-2)Man(beta 1-) of each of the two antennae were different, demonstrating their asymmetric conformation.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	84-89	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	90-140
1371576-3	1992	We studied the effect of GAL (80 pmol/kg/min infused over 60 minutes) on the arginine- (ARG, 30 g infused over 30 minutes) stimulated GH, PRL, insulin, and C-peptide secretion in eight healthy volunteers (age, 20 to 30 years).	Arginine	77-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
1371576-4	1992	GAL induced an increase of GH (GAL v saline, area under curve [AUC], mean +/- SEM: 316.5 +/- 73.9 v 93.2 +/- 20.9 micrograms/L/h, P less than .05), but failed to modify both PRL and insulin secretion.	Sodium Chloride	37-43	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1371576-5	1992	GAL enhanced the ARG-induced stimulation of both GH (1,634.1 +/- 293.1 v 566.9 +/- 144.0 micrograms/L/h, P less than .02) and PRL secretion (1,541.9 +/- 248.8 v 1,023.8 +/- 158.7 micrograms/L/h, P less than .02).	Arginine	17-20	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1371576-6	1992	On the contrary, GAL blunted the ARG-stimulated insulin (816.3 +/- 87.7 v 1,322.7 +/- 240.9 mU/L/h, P less than .05), as well as C-peptide secretion (105.1 +/- 9.8 v 132.8 +/- 17.3 micrograms/L/h, P less than .02).	Arginine	33-36	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
1371576-9	1992	In conclusion, these results show that in man GAL potentiates the GH response to ARG, suggesting that these drugs act at the hypothalamic level, at least in part, via different mechanisms.	Arginine	81-84	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-49
2079981-1	1990	Increased serum titers of antibodies against the ganglioside GM1 or its carbohydrate epitope Gal(B1-3)GalNAc have been associated with motor neuron disease, motor neuropathies with or without conduction block and sensorimotor neuropathies, whereas low level titers are part of the normal immune repertoire and are present in control groups and in neonatal blood.	Gangliosides	49-60	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	93-108
1722980-1	1991	Galanin (GAL), a neuropeptide which has been reported to inhibit the evoked release of acetylcholine, is widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system.	Acetylcholine	87-100	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
1722980-1	1991	Galanin (GAL), a neuropeptide which has been reported to inhibit the evoked release of acetylcholine, is widely distributed in the mammalian central nervous system.	Acetylcholine	87-100	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	9-12
1722333-1	1991	Galanin (Gal), a 29-amino acid C-terminally amidated neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system.	29-amino acid	17-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-7
1722333-1	1991	Galanin (Gal), a 29-amino acid C-terminally amidated neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous system.	29-amino acid	17-30	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1722333-4	1991	The primary structure of hGal was determined by automatic Edman degradation to be Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu- Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Val-Gly-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Leu-Thr- Ser-COOH.	Glycine	82-85	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
1722333-4	1991	The primary structure of hGal was determined by automatic Edman degradation to be Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu- Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Val-Gly-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Leu-Thr- Ser-COOH.	Tryptophan	86-89	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
1722333-4	1991	The primary structure of hGal was determined by automatic Edman degradation to be Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu- Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Val-Gly-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Leu-Thr- Ser-COOH.	Threonine	90-93	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
1722333-4	1991	The primary structure of hGal was determined by automatic Edman degradation to be Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu- Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Val-Gly-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Leu-Thr- Ser-COOH.	Leucine	94-97	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
1722333-4	1991	The primary structure of hGal was determined by automatic Edman degradation to be Gly-Trp-Thr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Ala-Gly-Tyr-Leu-Leu- Gly-Pro-His-Ala-Val-Gly-Asn-His-Arg-Ser-Phe-Ser-Asp-Lys-Asn-Gly-Leu-Thr- Ser-COOH.	Carbonic Acid	204-208	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
1722333-6	1991	Compared to the 29-residue porcine, rat, and bovine Gals, hGal uniquely comprises 30 amino acids possessing an additional nonamidated serine residue as C terminus.	Serine	134-140	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	58-62
2021640-5	1991	In the case of globoside, where the glycolipid headgroup is equivalent to that of GlcCer extended by three sugar residues, values for the quadrupolar splittings associated with the acyl chain C2-position were very close to those obtained for Gal- and GlcCer.	Globosides	15-24	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	242-257
34905486-9	2021	The immunohistochemistry results confirmed its multi-functionally chromaffin-like properties with positive staining for CRH, POMC, ACTH, GAL, TH and CgA.	chromaffin	66-76	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	137-140
1698509-0	1990	Peptide-amine interactions in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: analysis of galanin and neuropeptide Y in relation to feeding.	peptide-amine	0-13	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	84-91
1698509-1	1990	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has been found to elicit feeding after injection into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), where it coexists with norepinephrine (NE), a neurotransmitter believed to be important in the control of natural feeding behavior.	Norepinephrine	156-170	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-24
1698509-1	1990	The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has been found to elicit feeding after injection into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), where it coexists with norepinephrine (NE), a neurotransmitter believed to be important in the control of natural feeding behavior.	Norepinephrine	156-170	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	26-29
1698509-4	1990	Further, experimentation with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitors, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and Fla-63, suggested that GAL"s action also depends upon the release of endogenous NE.	Catecholamines	34-47	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-124
1698509-4	1990	Further, experimentation with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitors, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and Fla-63, suggested that GAL"s action also depends upon the release of endogenous NE.	alpha-Methyltyrosine	70-93	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-124
1698509-4	1990	Further, experimentation with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitors, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and Fla-63, suggested that GAL"s action also depends upon the release of endogenous NE.	Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide	98-104	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	121-124
1696375-2	1990	GAL-induced contractions (GAL EC50 = 9 nmol/l) were maximally 25% of those elicited by 10 mumol/l carbamylcholine and remained unaffected by atropine, tetrodotoxin, or tachyphylaxis to substance P. The presynaptic Ca2+ channel blocker, omega-conotoxin (0.1 mumol/l), inhibited GAL-induced contractions by 66%.	Carbachol	98-113	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
1699689-8	1990	This observation strengthens the view that the mechanism of action of Gal involves modulation of endogenous somatostatin (SRIH) release.	srih	122-126	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	70-73
34129898-3	2021	AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the protective effect of NDD on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced ALF and explore the underlying mechanisms.	Nordazepam	56-59	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	101-105
34546847-0	2021	Protective effects of Schisandrin B against D-GalN-induced cell apoptosis in human hepatocyte (L02) cells via modulating Bcl-2 and Bax.	schizandrin B	22-35	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	46-50
34546847-9	2021	The results indicated that schisandrin B significantly prevented D-GalN-induced oxidative damage in L02 cells (P<0.05), decreased GSH-Px and SOD activities (P<0.05), increased MDA content (P<0.05).	schizandrin B	27-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	67-71
34546847-10	2021	Furthermore, schisandrin B inhibited D-GalN-induced apoptosis in L02 cells (P<0.05), regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 (P<0.05).	schizandrin B	13-26	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	39-43
34546847-11	2021	The results indicated that schisandrin B decreased the D-GalN-induced intracellular oxidative stress indexes generation, and inhibited the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax induced by D-GalN.	schizandrin B	27-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	57-61
34546847-11	2021	The results indicated that schisandrin B decreased the D-GalN-induced intracellular oxidative stress indexes generation, and inhibited the down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax induced by D-GalN.	schizandrin B	27-40	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	202-206
34129898-3	2021	AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the protective effect of NDD on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS)-induced ALF and explore the underlying mechanisms.	Galactosamine	63-78	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	101-105
34129898-10	2021	Metabolomic analysis showed that NDD treatment increased the levels of cysteine, decreased those of glutamate, and ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH).	Nordazepam	33-36	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	133-137
34129898-10	2021	Metabolomic analysis showed that NDD treatment increased the levels of cysteine, decreased those of glutamate, and ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH).	Glutathione	177-188	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	133-137
34129898-10	2021	Metabolomic analysis showed that NDD treatment increased the levels of cysteine, decreased those of glutamate, and ameliorated the D-GalN/LPS-induced reduction in the levels of glutathione (GSH).	Glutathione	190-193	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	133-137
35149838-6	2022	GLUT1-knockout (-/+) repressed the GAL-mediated increase in CRC cell uptake of glucose, migrate, and invade in vitro, as well as metastasis from the intestine to the liver in vivo, and enforced expression of GLUT1 rescued GAL knockout-induced biological functions in CRC cells.	Glucose	79-86	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	35-38
2477790-5	1989	When the dose of Gal was increased to 15 micrograms/kg/h the mean plasma GH peak in CGD children (18.5 +/- 3.5 ng/mL) was still higher than in the NS group (13.2 +/- 2.9 ng/mL), although not significantly so.	ns	147-149	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20