PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
2607150-2	1989	Dot-immunobinding assay for anti-calmodulin (CaM), and immunoblot assay for CaM have become feasible by proper choice of a fixative, i.e., formaldehyde vapor.	Formaldehyde	139-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
2607150-5	1989	Semiquantitative immunoblot analysis was used to estimate CaM present in various fractions during preparation of EGTA-washed lysed synaptosomal membranes from rat cerebral cortex.	Egtazic Acid	113-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
2603984-6	1989	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (TFP 100 microM) attenuated the vasoconstrictor response to U 46619 by 54%, whereas the PGF2 alpha was unchanged.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2603984-8	1989	The U 46619 pressor response depends on intracellular and extracellular calcium to achieve calmodulin-dependent vasoconstriction.	Calcium	72-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
2560171-0	1989	The in vivo and in vitro effect of calmodulin antagonists on the renal actions of 25(OH) vitamin D3 in the rat.	25(oh) vitamin d3	82-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2601266-5	1989	The initial effect (at 3 and 5 min) was only partially inhibited by these maneuvers but was completely inhibited by trifluoperazine or W-7, which indicated that it was dependent on calmodulin and, accordingly, on Ca probably released from the intracellular store.	Trifluoperazine	116-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
2601266-5	1989	The initial effect (at 3 and 5 min) was only partially inhibited by these maneuvers but was completely inhibited by trifluoperazine or W-7, which indicated that it was dependent on calmodulin and, accordingly, on Ca probably released from the intracellular store.	W 7	135-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
2560171-2	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors block vitamin D-induced Ca2+ transport in the gut and phosphorus uptake in renal BBMV"s.	Vitamin D	28-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2560171-2	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors block vitamin D-induced Ca2+ transport in the gut and phosphorus uptake in renal BBMV"s.	Phosphorus	76-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2560171-3	1989	We have examined whether calmodulin antagonists affect the renal action of 25(OH)D3.	Calcifediol	75-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2560171-10	1989	These results suggest that the antiphosphaturic effect of 25(OH)D3 acting via the AC/cAMP system may be calmodulin dependent.	Calcifediol	58-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2560171-10	1989	These results suggest that the antiphosphaturic effect of 25(OH)D3 acting via the AC/cAMP system may be calmodulin dependent.	Cyclic AMP	85-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
2558749-7	1989	Addition of exogenous calmodulin to membranes prepared in the presence of EGTA did not have any effect on the PTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity, suggesting that endogenous calmodulin was not effectively stripped from the membranes by EGTA treatment.	Egtazic Acid	74-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
2481655-0	1989	Histamine release from beta-escin-permeabilized rat peritoneal mast cells and its inhibition by intracellular Ca2+ blockers, calmodulin inhibitors and cAMP.	Histamine	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
2481655-0	1989	Histamine release from beta-escin-permeabilized rat peritoneal mast cells and its inhibition by intracellular Ca2+ blockers, calmodulin inhibitors and cAMP.	Escin	23-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
2530022-4	1989	Both adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent Ca2+ uptake by IOVs and Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity of ghost membranes were reduced significantly in the SHR compared with WKY, when either the calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-stimulated activities were compared.	Adenosine Triphosphate	32-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
2698473-3	1989	Using synthetic oligonucleotides, we described the distribution of the calmodulin mRNA and the regulation of proenkephalin mRNA in the rat brain.	Oligonucleotides	16-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2481655-5	1989	Both IP3-and Ca2+-induced histamine release from permeabilized mast cells was inhibited by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and calmidazolium), or with cytochalasin D or colchicine.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	5-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2481655-5	1989	Both IP3-and Ca2+-induced histamine release from permeabilized mast cells was inhibited by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and calmidazolium), or with cytochalasin D or colchicine.	Histamine	26-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2481655-5	1989	Both IP3-and Ca2+-induced histamine release from permeabilized mast cells was inhibited by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and calmidazolium), or with cytochalasin D or colchicine.	W 7	132-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2481655-5	1989	Both IP3-and Ca2+-induced histamine release from permeabilized mast cells was inhibited by pretreatment with calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and calmidazolium), or with cytochalasin D or colchicine.	calmidazolium	140-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2481655-7	1989	From the present study, it can be assumed that (1) Ca2+ may act on a calmodulin-associated process(es) and cytoskeletal systems, in the process leading to histamine release, and (2) cAMP seems to inhibit histamine release, even in the stages following Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store.	Einsteinium	11-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2481655-7	1989	From the present study, it can be assumed that (1) Ca2+ may act on a calmodulin-associated process(es) and cytoskeletal systems, in the process leading to histamine release, and (2) cAMP seems to inhibit histamine release, even in the stages following Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store.	Histamine	155-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2481655-7	1989	From the present study, it can be assumed that (1) Ca2+ may act on a calmodulin-associated process(es) and cytoskeletal systems, in the process leading to histamine release, and (2) cAMP seems to inhibit histamine release, even in the stages following Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store.	Cyclic AMP	182-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2481655-7	1989	From the present study, it can be assumed that (1) Ca2+ may act on a calmodulin-associated process(es) and cytoskeletal systems, in the process leading to histamine release, and (2) cAMP seems to inhibit histamine release, even in the stages following Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store.	Histamine	204-213	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
2530022-4	1989	Both adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent Ca2+ uptake by IOVs and Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity of ghost membranes were reduced significantly in the SHR compared with WKY, when either the calmodulin-independent or calmodulin-stimulated activities were compared.	Adenosine Triphosphate	32-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	228-238
2768893-8	1989	Presumably W-7 would perturb any physiologically relevant CaM-protein interactions in cells but W-7 concentrations that reduced HSP and other protein binding to CaM-agarose columns by 50 per cent or more, had no effect on thermotolerance development in cells.	Sepharose	165-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
2488748-2	1989	The phenothiazine-induced changes in the contraction-relaxation parameters were shown to correlate with the degree of calmodulin inhibition.	phenothiazine	4-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2684703-5	1989	Simultaneous infusions of ionomycin and PMA resulted in an initial, protein synthesis-independent response followed by the secondary, augmented, protein synthesis-dependent component, which exhibited synergistic interactions between calmodulin and PKC.	Ionomycin	26-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-243
2684703-5	1989	Simultaneous infusions of ionomycin and PMA resulted in an initial, protein synthesis-independent response followed by the secondary, augmented, protein synthesis-dependent component, which exhibited synergistic interactions between calmodulin and PKC.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	40-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-243
2781596-0	1989	Effect of nickel(II)acetate on distribution of calmodulin in the rat kidney.	nickel acetate	10-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
2781596-7	1989	Therefore, the observed effect of nickel(II)acetate must be attributed only to temporary transfer of calmodulin from the soluble cytosolic form into an insoluble, membrane-bound form, without any detectable influence on its degradation or synthesis rate.	nickel acetate	34-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
2550260-8	1989	Mast cells have high contents of calmodulin (602 +/- 20 ng/10(6) cells), and benzodiazepines inhibited calmodulin.	Benzodiazepines	77-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
2570707-2	1989	Single doses of apomorphine and a low-dose amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) resulted in a translocation of calmodulin, as measured by a decrease in membrane-bound and increase in cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum, whereas bromocryptine was ineffective.	Apomorphine	16-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2570707-2	1989	Single doses of apomorphine and a low-dose amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) resulted in a translocation of calmodulin, as measured by a decrease in membrane-bound and increase in cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum, whereas bromocryptine was ineffective.	Apomorphine	16-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
2570707-2	1989	Single doses of apomorphine and a low-dose amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) resulted in a translocation of calmodulin, as measured by a decrease in membrane-bound and increase in cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum, whereas bromocryptine was ineffective.	Amphetamine	43-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2570707-2	1989	Single doses of apomorphine and a low-dose amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) resulted in a translocation of calmodulin, as measured by a decrease in membrane-bound and increase in cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum, whereas bromocryptine was ineffective.	Amphetamine	43-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
2570707-2	1989	Single doses of apomorphine and a low-dose amphetamine (1.25 mg/kg) resulted in a translocation of calmodulin, as measured by a decrease in membrane-bound and increase in cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum, whereas bromocryptine was ineffective.	Bromocriptine	217-230	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
2570707-4	1989	However, a high-dose amphetamine (5 mg/kg) had an opposite effect on translocation, in that there was an increase in membrane-bound calmodulin.	Amphetamine	21-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
2570707-5	1989	Chronically applied amphetamine (5 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg), i.e. under conditions of dopamine receptor supersensitivity, tended to decrease cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum and hippocampus, and to increase membrane-bound calmodulin.	Amphetamine	20-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
2570707-5	1989	Chronically applied amphetamine (5 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg), i.e. under conditions of dopamine receptor supersensitivity, tended to decrease cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum and hippocampus, and to increase membrane-bound calmodulin.	Amphetamine	20-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
2550260-9	1989	The benzodiazepine inhibitory effects on the serotonin release induced by A23187 seemed to be partly due to their calmodulin-inhibiting activities.	Benzodiazepines	4-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
2570707-5	1989	Chronically applied amphetamine (5 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg), i.e. under conditions of dopamine receptor supersensitivity, tended to decrease cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum and hippocampus, and to increase membrane-bound calmodulin.	Haloperidol	46-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
2550260-9	1989	The benzodiazepine inhibitory effects on the serotonin release induced by A23187 seemed to be partly due to their calmodulin-inhibiting activities.	Serotonin	45-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
2570707-5	1989	Chronically applied amphetamine (5 mg/kg) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg), i.e. under conditions of dopamine receptor supersensitivity, tended to decrease cytosolic calmodulin in the striatum and hippocampus, and to increase membrane-bound calmodulin.	Haloperidol	46-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
2550260-9	1989	The benzodiazepine inhibitory effects on the serotonin release induced by A23187 seemed to be partly due to their calmodulin-inhibiting activities.	Calcimycin	74-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
2804303-0	1989	[Prevention of adrenaline-induced arrhythmia by a calmodulin blocker, trifluoroperazine].	Epinephrine	15-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2554685-11	1989	The present data indicate that (1) PTH stimulates ODC activity and this is partly due to new enzyme synthesis; (2) calcium is involved in induction of ODC activity and stimulation of cAMP production by PTH; furthermore, it is suggestive that calmodulin and/or protein kinase C are involved; and (3) stimulation of cAMP production by PTH depends on an optimal intracellular calcium concentration range.	Calcium	115-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	242-252
2554685-11	1989	The present data indicate that (1) PTH stimulates ODC activity and this is partly due to new enzyme synthesis; (2) calcium is involved in induction of ODC activity and stimulation of cAMP production by PTH; furthermore, it is suggestive that calmodulin and/or protein kinase C are involved; and (3) stimulation of cAMP production by PTH depends on an optimal intracellular calcium concentration range.	Cyclic AMP	314-318	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	242-252
2554685-11	1989	The present data indicate that (1) PTH stimulates ODC activity and this is partly due to new enzyme synthesis; (2) calcium is involved in induction of ODC activity and stimulation of cAMP production by PTH; furthermore, it is suggestive that calmodulin and/or protein kinase C are involved; and (3) stimulation of cAMP production by PTH depends on an optimal intracellular calcium concentration range.	Calcium	373-380	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	242-252
2529849-6	1989	Studies with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine demonstrated that thymocyte Ca2+-ATPase activity and its stimulation by T3 are influenced by calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	39-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2529849-6	1989	Studies with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine demonstrated that thymocyte Ca2+-ATPase activity and its stimulation by T3 are influenced by calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	39-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
2508056-0	1989	Calmodulin loss in vascular smooth muscle following Triton X-100 or saponin skinning.	Octoxynol	52-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2508056-0	1989	Calmodulin loss in vascular smooth muscle following Triton X-100 or saponin skinning.	Saponins	68-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2508056-2	1989	The total CaM measured following homogenization of arterial tissue with EGTA and EGTA/Triton X-100 was 2.58 mumol/kg wet tissue.	Egtazic Acid	72-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2508056-2	1989	The total CaM measured following homogenization of arterial tissue with EGTA and EGTA/Triton X-100 was 2.58 mumol/kg wet tissue.	Egtazic Acid	81-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2508056-2	1989	The total CaM measured following homogenization of arterial tissue with EGTA and EGTA/Triton X-100 was 2.58 mumol/kg wet tissue.	Octoxynol	86-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
2508056-5	1989	Permeabilization of the plasmalemma with 0.15 mg/ml saponin or 0.5% Triton X-100 caused significant detergent-dependent loss of CaM.	Saponins	52-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
2508056-5	1989	Permeabilization of the plasmalemma with 0.15 mg/ml saponin or 0.5% Triton X-100 caused significant detergent-dependent loss of CaM.	Octoxynol	68-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
2508056-6	1989	At the end of a 1 h skinning period, tissues exposed to saponin lost 30% of total CaM.	Saponins	56-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2508056-10	1989	The diffusible CaM component of saponin skinned tissue (59%) was significantly less than the diffusible component of those skinned with Triton X-100 (88%); however, the rate coefficients for CaM diffusion (0.78 h-1 and 0.91 h-1, respectively) did not statistically differ.	Saponins	32-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2508056-11	1989	The nondiffusible component of CaM was significantly larger in saponin treated strips (42%) than in Triton X-100 permeabilized tissue (12%).	Saponins	63-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2508056-11	1989	The nondiffusible component of CaM was significantly larger in saponin treated strips (42%) than in Triton X-100 permeabilized tissue (12%).	Octoxynol	100-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
2508056-12	1989	Arterial strips skinned with Triton X-100, which were subsequently exposed to relaxing solution for up to 22 h, lost significantly more CaM than those retained in Triton X-100 skinning solution for a comparable duration.	Octoxynol	29-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
2502197-5	1989	The calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and W-5 caused flickering of the single-channel current.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2502197-5	1989	The calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and W-5 caused flickering of the single-channel current.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	34-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2804303-3	1989	It was found that the preliminary administration of the calmodulin blocker trifluoperazine (10(-6) M) decreased the duration of arrhythmias and the latency of their development, the contractility remaining at a higher level than in control.	Trifluoperazine	75-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
2746332-3	1989	Climbing fiber ablation by intraperitoneal injections of 3-acetylpyridine resulted in a selective depression of cerebellar CaM-PDE expression using Western immunoblot procedures; neither calcineurin (calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase) nor other calmodulin binding proteins, detected by biotinylated calmodulin overlays, were affected.	3-acetylpyridine	57-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
2746332-3	1989	Climbing fiber ablation by intraperitoneal injections of 3-acetylpyridine resulted in a selective depression of cerebellar CaM-PDE expression using Western immunoblot procedures; neither calcineurin (calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase) nor other calmodulin binding proteins, detected by biotinylated calmodulin overlays, were affected.	3-acetylpyridine	57-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
2779587-11	1989	wt protein and, since trifluoperazine (a potent inhibitor of calmodulin as well as of the degranulation process of RBL-2H3 cells) inhibited the reaction, the phosphorylation may be catalyzed by a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent process, most likely by myosin light chain kinase.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
2779587-11	1989	wt protein and, since trifluoperazine (a potent inhibitor of calmodulin as well as of the degranulation process of RBL-2H3 cells) inhibited the reaction, the phosphorylation may be catalyzed by a Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent process, most likely by myosin light chain kinase.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
2656700-0	1989	Identification of an adipocyte protein that binds to calmodulin in the absence of Ca2+ and is phosphorylated in response to insulin and tumor-promoting phorbol esters.	Phorbol Esters	152-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
2771509-10	1989	The calcium regulatory protein calmodulin has no effect on calcium uptake by Golgi vesicles.	Calcium	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
2656700-3	1989	After centrifugation, the supernatants (+/- Ca2+) were applied to calmodulin-Sepharose columns.	Sepharose	77-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2656700-6	1989	Binding of pp170 was inhibited by adding calmodulin (micromolar) or Ca2+ (nanomolar) to extracts prior to affinity chromatography.	pp170	11-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	Thioridazine	67-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	Phenothiazines	81-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-12	1989	In toto, these results suggest that strontium and barium, as well as calcium, can support histamine release from RPMC by directly interacting with an intracellular divalent cation-binding site that may be calmodulin.	Barium	50-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
2474349-12	1989	In toto, these results suggest that strontium and barium, as well as calcium, can support histamine release from RPMC by directly interacting with an intracellular divalent cation-binding site that may be calmodulin.	Calcium	69-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
2474349-12	1989	In toto, these results suggest that strontium and barium, as well as calcium, can support histamine release from RPMC by directly interacting with an intracellular divalent cation-binding site that may be calmodulin.	Histamine	90-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	naphthalene sulphonamide	108-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-12	1989	In toto, these results suggest that strontium and barium, as well as calcium, can support histamine release from RPMC by directly interacting with an intracellular divalent cation-binding site that may be calmodulin.	rpmc	113-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	Histamine	148-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	rpmc	233-237	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-6	1989	The putative calmodulin antagonists, chlorpromazine, promethazine, thioridazine (phenothiazines) and W-7 (a naphthalene sulphonamide) all inhibited histamine release in the presence of divalent cations in both untreated cells and in RPMC depleted of their intracellular calcium.	Calcium	270-277	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2474349-12	1989	In toto, these results suggest that strontium and barium, as well as calcium, can support histamine release from RPMC by directly interacting with an intracellular divalent cation-binding site that may be calmodulin.	Strontium	36-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
2547011-7	1989	The increase of cellular free Ca2+ induced by ouabain probably binds to calmodulin to form an active complex of Ca2+-calmodulin in the cell, since two chemically dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin attenuated the enhancement by ouabain of cAMP production in response to AVP.	Cyclic AMP	240-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2547011-7	1989	The increase of cellular free Ca2+ induced by ouabain probably binds to calmodulin to form an active complex of Ca2+-calmodulin in the cell, since two chemically dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin attenuated the enhancement by ouabain of cAMP production in response to AVP.	Cyclic AMP	240-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2547011-7	1989	The increase of cellular free Ca2+ induced by ouabain probably binds to calmodulin to form an active complex of Ca2+-calmodulin in the cell, since two chemically dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin attenuated the enhancement by ouabain of cAMP production in response to AVP.	Cyclic AMP	240-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2540886-6	1989	These results indicate that diazepam is capable of inhibiting calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in astrocytes, thereby suggesting a possible site of diazepam action and a potential mechanism for a role of astrocytes in epileptogenesis.	Diazepam	28-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2475660-4	1989	These results indicate that the calmodulin antagonists affect amylase release at steps distal to cyclic AMP metabolism.	Cyclic AMP	97-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2540886-0	1989	Diazepam inhibits calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in primary astrocyte cultures.	Diazepam	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2540886-1	1989	The effect of the anticonvulsants diazepam, phenytoin, and valproic acid on calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in astrocytes was investigated.	Diazepam	34-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2540886-1	1989	The effect of the anticonvulsants diazepam, phenytoin, and valproic acid on calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation in astrocytes was investigated.	Valproic Acid	59-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2540886-2	1989	We found that diazepam inhibited calcium, calmodulin-stimulated phosphorylation in both supernatant and membrane fractions from primary cultures of rat astrocytes, whereas phenytoin and valproic acid (50-500 microM) had little to no effect.	Diazepam	14-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
2503407-0	1989	Calmodulin modulates thymocyte adenylate cyclase activity through the guanine nucleotide regulatory unit.	Guanine Nucleotides	70-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Triiodothyronine	121-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Triiodothyronine	121-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-216
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Triiodothyronine	146-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Triiodothyronine	146-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-216
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Calcium	225-232	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
2503407-1	1989	We have previously demonstrated in rat thymocyte plasma membranes that adenylate cyclase activity and its stimulation by 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine (T3) are influenced by calmodulin, and that these effects of calmodulin require calcium.	Calcium	225-232	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-216
2503407-5	1989	However, calmodulin influenced the guanyl nucleotide- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, but had no effect on the fluoride-stimulated enzyme activity.	guanyl nucleotide	35-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2503407-5	1989	However, calmodulin influenced the guanyl nucleotide- and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, but had no effect on the fluoride-stimulated enzyme activity.	Colforsin	58-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2503407-6	1989	This was evident from experiments with inhibitors of calmodulin: trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, and antibodies against calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	65-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
2503407-6	1989	This was evident from experiments with inhibitors of calmodulin: trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, and antibodies against calmodulin.	calmidazolium	82-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
2503407-11	1989	From these results I suggest that in the rat thymocyte calmodulin activation, and thereby T3 stimulation of the calcium-sensitive adenylate cyclase system is mediated through the guanine nucleotide regulatory unit.	Guanine Nucleotides	179-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
2630101-6	1989	The Pb2(+)-enhanced O2 consumption of the Ca2(+)-depleted cells was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7) based on its calmodulin antagonistic action.	Lead	4-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2630101-6	1989	The Pb2(+)-enhanced O2 consumption of the Ca2(+)-depleted cells was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7) based on its calmodulin antagonistic action.	Oxygen	20-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2630101-6	1989	The Pb2(+)-enhanced O2 consumption of the Ca2(+)-depleted cells was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7) based on its calmodulin antagonistic action.	W 7	81-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2630101-6	1989	The Pb2(+)-enhanced O2 consumption of the Ca2(+)-depleted cells was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7) based on its calmodulin antagonistic action.	W 7	134-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2630101-10	1989	These results indicated that Pb2+ could replace Ca2+ in the activation process(es) of the respiratory burst, suggesting a possible involvement of calmodulin in the enhancing mechanism of the O2 consumption by Pb2+.	Lead	29-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
2630101-10	1989	These results indicated that Pb2+ could replace Ca2+ in the activation process(es) of the respiratory burst, suggesting a possible involvement of calmodulin in the enhancing mechanism of the O2 consumption by Pb2+.	Oxygen	191-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
2630101-10	1989	These results indicated that Pb2+ could replace Ca2+ in the activation process(es) of the respiratory burst, suggesting a possible involvement of calmodulin in the enhancing mechanism of the O2 consumption by Pb2+.	Lead	209-213	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
2467738-9	1989	It is also possible to limit Adriamycin uptake and histamine release with the calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine and with the calcium antagonist nicardipine.	Doxorubicin	29-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2467738-9	1989	It is also possible to limit Adriamycin uptake and histamine release with the calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine and with the calcium antagonist nicardipine.	Histamine	51-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2467738-9	1989	It is also possible to limit Adriamycin uptake and histamine release with the calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine and with the calcium antagonist nicardipine.	Chlorpromazine	100-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2467738-9	1989	It is also possible to limit Adriamycin uptake and histamine release with the calmodulin inhibitors chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine and with the calcium antagonist nicardipine.	Trifluoperazine	119-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
2467738-11	1989	These findings suggest that Adriamycin accumulation in mast cells involves an active transport system which can be inhibited by several agents, among which are sodium cromoglycate, and calmodulin and calcium antagonists.	Doxorubicin	28-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
2540886-6	1989	These results indicate that diazepam is capable of inhibiting calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in astrocytes, thereby suggesting a possible site of diazepam action and a potential mechanism for a role of astrocytes in epileptogenesis.	Diazepam	169-177	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
2537092-0	1989	Greater calmodulin-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter release and vascular responsiveness in chronic Doca-salt hypertension.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	107-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2522833-11	1989	Similarly, preincubation of cells with the calmodulin inhibitors W-7 and trifluoperazine also impaired their ability to recover from the acid load.	Trifluoperazine	73-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2522833-16	1989	The antiport"s dependency on ATP, in conjunction with its dependency on calmodulin, suggests that activation of the antiport in ventricular cells involves phosphorylation processes.	Adenosine Triphosphate	29-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2564319-3	1989	The mechanism of action of DDT has been discussed in terms of membrane perturbation, increased intracellular calcium, interaction with calmodulin and decreased cAMP levels.	DDT	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-145
2501533-1	1989	In order to evaluate the relationship between the calcium-calmodulin system and the adenylate cyclase activity of vascular smooth muscle, we examined the effects of several calcium effectors on the basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activity.	Calcium	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2501533-11	1989	The calmodulin acting site is considered to be the catalytic subunit, and stimulation of the enzyme is accelerated by calcium ion.	Calcium	118-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2647441-1	1989	To elucidate the role of calmodulin in insulin action, we examined the effect of the calmodulin antagonists, W-7 and W-5, on glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes.	Glucose	125-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
2647441-6	1989	These results suggest that calmodulin modifies insulin action in the glucose transport system.	Glucose	69-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2537092-5	1989	The calmodulin antagonist (W-7) inhibited the stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and pressor responses in a dose-dependent manner.	Norepinephrine	65-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2537092-8	1989	Further, it is suggested that the marked reduction in stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and vasoconstrictor responses by W-7 showed the greater calmodulin-dependent regulation in the vascular adrenergic activity of DOCA-salt hypertension.	Norepinephrine	73-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
2537092-8	1989	Further, it is suggested that the marked reduction in stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and vasoconstrictor responses by W-7 showed the greater calmodulin-dependent regulation in the vascular adrenergic activity of DOCA-salt hypertension.	W 7	130-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
2537092-8	1989	Further, it is suggested that the marked reduction in stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and vasoconstrictor responses by W-7 showed the greater calmodulin-dependent regulation in the vascular adrenergic activity of DOCA-salt hypertension.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	224-228	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
2537092-8	1989	Further, it is suggested that the marked reduction in stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and vasoconstrictor responses by W-7 showed the greater calmodulin-dependent regulation in the vascular adrenergic activity of DOCA-salt hypertension.	Salts	229-233	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
2538474-5	1989	At equilibrium, 30-40% of the bound 125I-calmodulin remains associated with the flagella after treatment with EGTA or trifluoperazine.	Egtazic Acid	110-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2538474-5	1989	At equilibrium, 30-40% of the bound 125I-calmodulin remains associated with the flagella after treatment with EGTA or trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	118-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2538474-10	1989	Chemical cross-linking experiments identified a major calcium-dependent 125I-calmodulin:polypeptide complex in the 84-90-kDa molecular mass range and a minor complex of approximately 200 kDa.	Calcium	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2473727-6	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors (W-7, trifluoperazine) blocked the IgE-mediated 45Ca2+ influx, (14C)-arachidonic acid and histamine release in the same dose-dependent manner, but were counteracted by 45% D2O.	W 7	23-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2473727-6	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors (W-7, trifluoperazine) blocked the IgE-mediated 45Ca2+ influx, (14C)-arachidonic acid and histamine release in the same dose-dependent manner, but were counteracted by 45% D2O.	Trifluoperazine	28-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2473727-6	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors (W-7, trifluoperazine) blocked the IgE-mediated 45Ca2+ influx, (14C)-arachidonic acid and histamine release in the same dose-dependent manner, but were counteracted by 45% D2O.	Arachidonic Acid	85-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2473727-6	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors (W-7, trifluoperazine) blocked the IgE-mediated 45Ca2+ influx, (14C)-arachidonic acid and histamine release in the same dose-dependent manner, but were counteracted by 45% D2O.	Histamine	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2473727-6	1989	Calmodulin inhibitors (W-7, trifluoperazine) blocked the IgE-mediated 45Ca2+ influx, (14C)-arachidonic acid and histamine release in the same dose-dependent manner, but were counteracted by 45% D2O.	Deuterium Oxide	194-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2473727-8	1989	These results would suggest that D2O may be associated with calmodulin directly or indirectly possibly through some relationship between calmodulin and microtubules.	Deuterium Oxide	33-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
2473727-8	1989	These results would suggest that D2O may be associated with calmodulin directly or indirectly possibly through some relationship between calmodulin and microtubules.	Deuterium Oxide	33-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
2537092-0	1989	Greater calmodulin-dependent regulation of neurotransmitter release and vascular responsiveness in chronic Doca-salt hypertension.	Salts	112-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2537092-1	1989	The present study was carried out to investigate the role of calmodulin in the adrenergic transmission of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	106-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
2537092-1	1989	The present study was carried out to investigate the role of calmodulin in the adrenergic transmission of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	135-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
2537092-1	1989	The present study was carried out to investigate the role of calmodulin in the adrenergic transmission of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension.	Salts	141-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
2537109-3	1989	The elevated ALP activity was prevented by prior treatment with flunarizine, a calcium channel blocker, and by W-7, a calmodulin antagonist.	W 7	111-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2537092-5	1989	The calmodulin antagonist (W-7) inhibited the stimulation-evoked norepinephrine overflow and pressor responses in a dose-dependent manner.	W 7	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2909247-0	1989	Calmodulin binding to the intestinal brush-border membrane: comparison to other calcium-binding proteins.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2492420-0	1989	ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in the rat parotid basolateral plasma membrane is regulated by calmodulin.	Adenosine Triphosphate	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
2492420-1	1989	Calmodulin regulation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport activity was assessed in inverted basolateral plasma membrane vesicles (BLMV) isolated from rat parotid glands.	Adenosine Triphosphate	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2566939-5	1989	Calmodulin increased the lipid fluidity of synaptosomal plasma membranes labeled with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), as indicated by the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy [(ro/r)-1]-1.	Diphenylhexatriene	86-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2566939-5	1989	Calmodulin increased the lipid fluidity of synaptosomal plasma membranes labeled with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH), as indicated by the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy [(ro/r)-1]-1.	Diphenylhexatriene	117-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2492420-3	1989	Half-maximal activation was obtained at 50 and 175 nM CAM in KCl and mannitol containing assay media, respectively.	Potassium Chloride	61-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2492420-3	1989	Half-maximal activation was obtained at 50 and 175 nM CAM in KCl and mannitol containing assay media, respectively.	Mannitol	69-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
2492420-4	1989	In the KCl medium, addition of 300 nM CAM increased the affinity of the BLMV Ca2+ transport activity for Ca2+ from approximately 70 nM, in the absence of added CAM, to approximately 50 nM.	Potassium Chloride	7-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
2492420-7	1989	When CAM was added to the EGTA-treated membranes, Ca2+ transport activity was comparable to that obtained when CAM was added directly to control, untreated BLMV.	Egtazic Acid	26-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
2492420-7	1989	When CAM was added to the EGTA-treated membranes, Ca2+ transport activity was comparable to that obtained when CAM was added directly to control, untreated BLMV.	blmv	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
2492420-8	1989	The CAM antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7, and calmidazolium, inhibited Ca2+ transport in the presence of CAM.	Trifluoperazine	21-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2492420-8	1989	The CAM antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7, and calmidazolium, inhibited Ca2+ transport in the presence of CAM.	Trifluoperazine	21-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2492420-8	1989	The CAM antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7, and calmidazolium, inhibited Ca2+ transport in the presence of CAM.	calmidazolium	53-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2492420-8	1989	The CAM antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP), W-7, and calmidazolium, inhibited Ca2+ transport in the presence of CAM.	calmidazolium	53-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2909247-2	1989	Binding of radioiodinated calmodulin to this protein does not require calcium but is inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled calmodulin.	Calcium	70-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2909247-2	1989	Binding of radioiodinated calmodulin to this protein does not require calcium but is inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	98-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2909247-3	1989	Recent evidence suggests that the 105 kDa protein in conjunction with calmodulin may be involved in the regulation of calcium transport across the brush-border membrane.	Calcium	118-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2909247-11	1989	Our results indicate that the 105 kDa calmodulin-binding protein of the intestinal brush border can bind to a variety of calcium-binding proteins all of which contain homologous regions thought to be the calcium-binding sites.	Calcium	121-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2909247-11	1989	Our results indicate that the 105 kDa calmodulin-binding protein of the intestinal brush border can bind to a variety of calcium-binding proteins all of which contain homologous regions thought to be the calcium-binding sites.	Calcium	204-211	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2909247-12	1989	Only the binding of troponin C resembles the binding of calmodulin, however, in being inhibited by trifluoperazine and excess unlabelled ligand.	Trifluoperazine	99-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
2535826-4	1989	Phosphorylation of calmodulin was maximal in the presence of Mg2+ and insulin and the absence of Ca2+.	magnesium ion	61-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2805565-5	1989	The naphthalene sulfonamides W7 and W5 which bind calmodulin and thus block the intracellular transduction of Ca2+ effects also inhibited a carbachol-induced H+ production.	naphthalenesulfonamide	4-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2805565-5	1989	The naphthalene sulfonamides W7 and W5 which bind calmodulin and thus block the intracellular transduction of Ca2+ effects also inhibited a carbachol-induced H+ production.	Carbachol	140-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2805571-0	1989	Prevention of anaphylactoid shock in the rat by the calmodulin antagonist thioridazine.	Thioridazine	74-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
2535826-7	1989	There was an absolute requirement for certain basic proteins, e.g., polylysine or protamine sulfate, to obtain phosphate incorporation into calmodulin.	Polylysine	68-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
2535826-7	1989	There was an absolute requirement for certain basic proteins, e.g., polylysine or protamine sulfate, to obtain phosphate incorporation into calmodulin.	Phosphates	111-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
2535826-8	1989	Polylysine stimulated the phosphorylation of calmodulin independently of insulin, but this was increased up to sixfold by the addition of insulin.	Polylysine	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
2535826-9	1989	Phosphate incorporation into calmodulin increased with increasing concentration of the substrate up to a saturating concentration of 2.4 microM.	Phosphates	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
2535826-11	1989	Up to 0.15 mol of phosphate was incorporated per mole of calmodulin with tyrosine the predominant amino acid phosphorylated.	Phosphates	18-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2535826-11	1989	Up to 0.15 mol of phosphate was incorporated per mole of calmodulin with tyrosine the predominant amino acid phosphorylated.	Tyrosine	73-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
2714615-2	1989	Several calmodulin antagonists abolished the decrease in ATP level and in the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial and soluble hexokinase, induced by burns in the rat skin.	Adenosine Triphosphate	57-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2714615-6	1989	Of all the compounds investigated here, the most effective were trifluoperazine and thioridazine, which are also known as the more potent calmodulin antagonists.	Trifluoperazine	64-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
2714615-6	1989	Of all the compounds investigated here, the most effective were trifluoperazine and thioridazine, which are also known as the more potent calmodulin antagonists.	Thioridazine	84-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
2542159-1	1989	Calcium, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (Ca/CaM kinase) is an important component of calcium signalling mechanisms in the brain, but little is known about the properties of this protein phosphorylation system in astrocytes.	Calcium	90-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2910876-1	1989	We have analyzed the levels, subcellular distribution, and target proteins of two calcium-modulated proteins, S100 and calmodulin, in differentiated and undifferentiated rat C6 glioma cells.	Calcium	82-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-129
2542159-2	1989	Addition of calcium and calmodulin to supernatant or membrane fractions obtained from rat astrocytes in primary culture increased phosphate incorporation into an exogenously added substrate, casein, and into endogenous protein substrates; this increase was greater than that observed with either calcium alone or calmodulin alone.	Phosphates	130-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2542159-2	1989	Addition of calcium and calmodulin to supernatant or membrane fractions obtained from rat astrocytes in primary culture increased phosphate incorporation into an exogenously added substrate, casein, and into endogenous protein substrates; this increase was greater than that observed with either calcium alone or calmodulin alone.	Calcium	12-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	313-323
2542159-3	1989	The calcium, calmodulin-stimulated increase was inhibited by trifluoperazine, and this inhibition could be overcome by the addition of excess calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	61-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2542159-3	1989	The calcium, calmodulin-stimulated increase was inhibited by trifluoperazine, and this inhibition could be overcome by the addition of excess calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	61-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
2657441-0	1989	CGS 9343B and W7 (calmodulin antagonists) inhibit KCl-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium and insulin secretion of RINm5F cells.	Potassium Chloride	50-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
2464057-0	1989	Inhibition of gastric acid secretion in vivo and in vitro by a new calmodulin antagonist, CGS 9343B.	CGS 9343B	90-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	cysteinylglycine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	Histamine	68-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	83-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	Carbachol	115-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	Carbon-14	134-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-1	1989	The new calmodulin antagonist, CGS-9343B, was found to inhibit both histamine plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and carbachol-induced [14C]aminopyrine accumulation in dispersed, fundic mucosal cells of rats.	Aminopyrine	138-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
2464057-7	1989	Unlike trifluoperazine and fenoctimine, CGS-9343B had anticamodulin activity for inhibition of calmodulin-activated (Type I) phosphodiesterase in the same range of potency as observed for the inhibition of aminopyrine accumulation.	cysteinylglycine	40-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
2464057-13	1989	These data provide evidence for involvement of calmodulin in the acid secretory process and suggest that the pursuit of selective calmodulin antagonists such as CGS-9343B may prove useful for understanding the regulation of the hydrogen ion secretory process.	CGS 9343B	161-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
2464057-13	1989	These data provide evidence for involvement of calmodulin in the acid secretory process and suggest that the pursuit of selective calmodulin antagonists such as CGS-9343B may prove useful for understanding the regulation of the hydrogen ion secretory process.	Hydrogen	228-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
2657441-0	1989	CGS 9343B and W7 (calmodulin antagonists) inhibit KCl-induced increase in cytosolic free calcium and insulin secretion of RINm5F cells.	Calcium	89-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3233464-0	1988	Calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and liver regeneration.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2616634-1	1989	To study the selectivity of calmodulin antagonists it was assumed that they should inhibit noradrenaline (NA)- and K(+)-induced contractions similarly without an accompanying inhibition of 45Ca uptake.	Norepinephrine	91-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
20702293-1	1989	Cadmium, an environmental and occupational health hazard, can substitute for calcium in the activation of calmodulin in several in vitro assays.	Cadmium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
20702293-1	1989	Cadmium, an environmental and occupational health hazard, can substitute for calcium in the activation of calmodulin in several in vitro assays.	Calcium	77-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
20504460-0	1989	High concentrations of calmodulin antagonists inhibit accumulation and binding activities of [(3)H]glutamate in rat brain.	[(3)h]glutamate	93-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
20504460-1	1989	Sodium- and energy-dependent accumulation of [(3)H]l-glutamic acid (Glu) into rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by relatively high concentrations (40-100 ?M) of calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, in concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manners.	Sodium	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
20504460-1	1989	Sodium- and energy-dependent accumulation of [(3)H]l-glutamic acid (Glu) into rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by relatively high concentrations (40-100 ?M) of calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, in concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manners.	[(3)h]l-glutamic acid	45-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
20504460-1	1989	Sodium- and energy-dependent accumulation of [(3)H]l-glutamic acid (Glu) into rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by relatively high concentrations (40-100 ?M) of calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, in concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manners.	Glutamic Acid	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
20504460-1	1989	Sodium- and energy-dependent accumulation of [(3)H]l-glutamic acid (Glu) into rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by relatively high concentrations (40-100 ?M) of calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, in concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manners.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	202-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
20504460-1	1989	Sodium- and energy-dependent accumulation of [(3)H]l-glutamic acid (Glu) into rat cerebral cortical slices was inhibited by relatively high concentrations (40-100 ?M) of calmodulin antagonists, such as N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, in concentration-dependent and noncompetitive manners.	W 7	248-298	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
2536969-7	1989	The results of the present study indicate that the cyclodiene compounds may produce neurotoxic effects by altering calmodulin regulated calcium dependent events in neurons.	cyclodiene	51-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
2536969-7	1989	The results of the present study indicate that the cyclodiene compounds may produce neurotoxic effects by altering calmodulin regulated calcium dependent events in neurons.	Calcium	136-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
3233464-0	1988	Calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibits polyamine biosynthesis and liver regeneration.	Polyamines	47-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3233464-2	1988	Trifluoperazine (TFP) is a potent, competitive inhibitor of the calcium-calmodulin complex.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3233464-2	1988	Trifluoperazine (TFP) is a potent, competitive inhibitor of the calcium-calmodulin complex.	Trifluoperazine	17-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3233464-11	1988	These findings provide evidence that the calcium-calmodulin complex is required for the synthesis of liver polyamines before liver regeneration can proceed.	Polyamines	107-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2973352-3	1988	Vanadate, lanthanum, N-ethylmaleimide and calmodulin inhibitor R24571 inhibited this pump activity.	calmidazolium	63-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
3263369-0	1988	Inhibition of inositol trisphosphate-stimulated calcium mobilization by calmodulin antagonists in rat liver epithelial cells.	inositol 1,2,3-trisphosphate	14-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2846549-4	1988	Ionomycin also transiently elevated pHi and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ influx, effects consistent with activation of the antiport; these effects were abolished in cells exposed to calmodulin antagonists or [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid.	Ionomycin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
2846549-4	1988	Ionomycin also transiently elevated pHi and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ influx, effects consistent with activation of the antiport; these effects were abolished in cells exposed to calmodulin antagonists or [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid.	ethylisopropylamiloride	44-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
2846549-4	1988	Ionomycin also transiently elevated pHi and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ influx, effects consistent with activation of the antiport; these effects were abolished in cells exposed to calmodulin antagonists or [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid.	Sodium-22	88-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
2846549-4	1988	Ionomycin also transiently elevated pHi and 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride-sensitive 22Na+ influx, effects consistent with activation of the antiport; these effects were abolished in cells exposed to calmodulin antagonists or [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid.	Egtazic Acid	230-278	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
3241255-4	1988	Protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and the calmodulin antagonist W-7 inhibited the stimulation-evoked noradrenaline release and pressor responses, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner.	W 7	61-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3263369-0	1988	Inhibition of inositol trisphosphate-stimulated calcium mobilization by calmodulin antagonists in rat liver epithelial cells.	Calcium	48-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
3241255-4	1988	Protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and the calmodulin antagonist W-7 inhibited the stimulation-evoked noradrenaline release and pressor responses, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner.	Norepinephrine	98-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3241255-7	1988	The marked reduction in noradrenaline release and pressor responses induced by H-7 and W-7 in SHR suggests the presence of enhanced protein kinase C-dependent and calmodulin-dependent regulation of adrenergic neurotransmission, which may contribute to the calcium abnormalities in this model of hypertension.	Calcium	256-263	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
3263369-5	1988	Intracellular Ca2+ release stimulated by the addition of Ins(1,4,5)P3 directly to electropermeabilized 261B cells was similarly inhibited by pretreatment with anti-calmodulin agents.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	57-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
3214436-6	1988	Partitioning of endosome fractions between aqueous and Triton X-114 phases indicated that the calmodulin-binding polypeptide was hydrophobic.	Nonidet P-40	55-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3138915-5	1988	Calmodulin inhibitors such as compound 48/80 and calmidazolium (compound R24571) abolished the effect of Ca2+ and ATP on PE N-methylation in all three groups.	calmidazolium	49-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3257057-0	1988	Calmodulin antagonist reduces release of malondialdehyde from isolated ischemic/reperfused rat heart.	Malondialdehyde	41-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2846298-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist R24571 partially inhibited the release of PGE2 elicited by zymosan and A23187 but not by phorbol ester or arachidonic acid.	calmidazolium	26-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2846298-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist R24571 partially inhibited the release of PGE2 elicited by zymosan and A23187 but not by phorbol ester or arachidonic acid.	Dinoprostone	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2846298-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist R24571 partially inhibited the release of PGE2 elicited by zymosan and A23187 but not by phorbol ester or arachidonic acid.	Zymosan	85-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2846298-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist R24571 partially inhibited the release of PGE2 elicited by zymosan and A23187 but not by phorbol ester or arachidonic acid.	Calcimycin	97-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2843348-6	1988	Although stoichiometry was generally low under routine assay conditions (0.01-0.10 mol phosphate/mol calmodulin), it could be increased 4.3 +/- 0.5-fold (n = 5) by pretreating the calmodulin with 0.1 N NaOH.	Sodium Hydroxide	202-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
2843348-7	1988	Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of calmodulin was exclusively on tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	68-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2843348-8	1988	The calmodulin molecule in animals contains only two tyrosine residues, located at positions 99 and 138.	Tyrosine	53-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2843348-9	1988	The amount of phosphate incorporation into a semisynthetic calmodulin (VU1) which contains only one of these tyrosine residues (tyrosine-138) was half that obtained with porcine or chicken calmodulin.	Phosphates	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2843348-9	1988	The amount of phosphate incorporation into a semisynthetic calmodulin (VU1) which contains only one of these tyrosine residues (tyrosine-138) was half that obtained with porcine or chicken calmodulin.	Phosphates	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-199
2843348-9	1988	The amount of phosphate incorporation into a semisynthetic calmodulin (VU1) which contains only one of these tyrosine residues (tyrosine-138) was half that obtained with porcine or chicken calmodulin.	Tyrosine	109-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2843348-9	1988	The amount of phosphate incorporation into a semisynthetic calmodulin (VU1) which contains only one of these tyrosine residues (tyrosine-138) was half that obtained with porcine or chicken calmodulin.	Tyrosine	128-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2843348-10	1988	Therefore, insulin, via its receptor kinase, stimulates the phosphorylation of calmodulin; calmodulin can be phosphorylated on both tyrosine residues 99 and 138.	Tyrosine	132-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
2843348-10	1988	Therefore, insulin, via its receptor kinase, stimulates the phosphorylation of calmodulin; calmodulin can be phosphorylated on both tyrosine residues 99 and 138.	Tyrosine	132-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
3138915-5	1988	Calmodulin inhibitors such as compound 48/80 and calmidazolium (compound R24571) abolished the effect of Ca2+ and ATP on PE N-methylation in all three groups.	Adenosine Triphosphate	114-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3138915-7	1988	The results suggest that intramembranal calmodulin may participate in regulating PE N-methylation in skeletal muscle membranes, but it may not be responsible for the high N-methylation activity in diabetic rats.	Nitrogen	84-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2856063-0	1988	Calmodulin-independent stimulation of renin release by exposure of rat kidney cortical slices to calcium.	Calcium	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2904503-1	1988	Effects of calcium channel blockers and of calmodulin antagonist on the contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE) were compared between strips of mesenteric arteries from 6- and 14-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched, normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY).	Norepinephrine	97-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3191406-0	1988	Alterations in calmodulin content in fractions of rat hippocampal slices during tetanic- and calcium-induced long-term potentiation.	Calcium	93-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3191406-2	1988	In light of concepts presuming multistage dynamics in LTP development as reflecting different cellular mechanisms, similar patterns of calmodulin alterations were observed with both models: The alterations in calmodulin content occurred during the early phase(s) of LTP development and continued for two and one hours during tetanic- and calcium-induced LTP, respectively.	tetanic	325-332	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
3191406-2	1988	In light of concepts presuming multistage dynamics in LTP development as reflecting different cellular mechanisms, similar patterns of calmodulin alterations were observed with both models: The alterations in calmodulin content occurred during the early phase(s) of LTP development and continued for two and one hours during tetanic- and calcium-induced LTP, respectively.	Calcium	338-345	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
3138407-2	1988	In the present study we have examined the possible role of calcium and calmodulin in the ethanol-stimulation of in vitro prolactin release from hemipituitary glands.	Ethanol	89-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3138407-6	1988	In vitro addition of calmodulin-blocking agents such as pimozide and trifluoperazine reduced basal and ethanol-induced prolactin release.	Pimozide	56-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3138407-6	1988	In vitro addition of calmodulin-blocking agents such as pimozide and trifluoperazine reduced basal and ethanol-induced prolactin release.	Trifluoperazine	69-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3138407-6	1988	In vitro addition of calmodulin-blocking agents such as pimozide and trifluoperazine reduced basal and ethanol-induced prolactin release.	Ethanol	103-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
2848547-1	1988	In highly purified rat liver plasma membrane preparations, membrane-bound calmodulin was phosphorylated by a membrane-bound protein kinase using [gamma-32P]ATP as phosphate donor.	[gamma-32p]atp	145-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2848547-1	1988	In highly purified rat liver plasma membrane preparations, membrane-bound calmodulin was phosphorylated by a membrane-bound protein kinase using [gamma-32P]ATP as phosphate donor.	Phosphates	163-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
3413088-7	1988	Administration of reserpine resulted in a progressive 90% increase in calmodulin binding to the PSDp over 4 weeks.	Reserpine	18-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
2836386-1	1988	The ATP-dependent, calmodulin-sensitive 3-kinase responsible for the conversion of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate has been purified 2,700-fold from rat brain to a specific activity of 2.3 mumol/min/mg protein.	Adenosine Triphosphate	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2839548-11	1988	These findings indicate that at least some of the calcium abnormalities implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension could be the result of interactions between CaM, calcium, and this activator.	Calcium	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
3130895-4	1988	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited protein thiol loss induced by either of the compound, inhibited cell aggregation and prolonged cell viability, but did not influence NADH loss.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	41-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3130895-6	1988	Therefore, the inhibition of protein thiol loss by calmodulin antagonist may be due to a dissociation of calmodulin-binding proteins from cytoskeletal elements.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	37-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
3130895-6	1988	Therefore, the inhibition of protein thiol loss by calmodulin antagonist may be due to a dissociation of calmodulin-binding proteins from cytoskeletal elements.	Sulfhydryl Compounds	37-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
2836386-1	1988	The ATP-dependent, calmodulin-sensitive 3-kinase responsible for the conversion of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate has been purified 2,700-fold from rat brain to a specific activity of 2.3 mumol/min/mg protein.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	83-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2836386-1	1988	The ATP-dependent, calmodulin-sensitive 3-kinase responsible for the conversion of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate has been purified 2,700-fold from rat brain to a specific activity of 2.3 mumol/min/mg protein.	inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate	121-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2836386-11	1988	The high affinity of the 3-kinase for D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate together with its activation by Ca2+/calmodulin suggests that this enzyme may exert an important regulatory role in inositol phosphate signaling by promoting the formation of additional inositol polyphosphate isomers.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	38-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
2836386-11	1988	The high affinity of the 3-kinase for D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate together with its activation by Ca2+/calmodulin suggests that this enzyme may exert an important regulatory role in inositol phosphate signaling by promoting the formation of additional inositol polyphosphate isomers.	Inositol Phosphates	189-207	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
2836386-11	1988	The high affinity of the 3-kinase for D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate together with its activation by Ca2+/calmodulin suggests that this enzyme may exert an important regulatory role in inositol phosphate signaling by promoting the formation of additional inositol polyphosphate isomers.	Phytic Acid	259-281	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
2971350-6	1988	Extraction of endogenous calmodulin from the membranes by EGTA decreased the activity and Ca2+ affinity of the calcium pump; both activity and affinity were fully restored by adding back calmodulin or by limited proteolysis.	Egtazic Acid	58-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
2980802-0	1988	Calmodulin, zinc and calcium concentration in tissues of zinc- and calcium-deficient rats.	Calcium	67-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2980802-6	1988	The calmodulin concentrations in muscle, testis and brain, as determined by radioimmunoassay, were elevated during both zinc as well as calcium deficiency, although this elevation could not be confirmed in every case.	Calcium	136-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2838080-2	1988	It was found that the Vmax of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport (in the presence of calmodulin) was about 16% lower in MHS than in control rats.	Adenosine Triphosphate	30-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
2838080-3	1988	In membranes from MNS rats which had been isolated in the presence of EGTA, the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport showed a hyperbolic Ca2+ concentration dependence, a high Km (Ca2+) and a low Vmax; upon addition of exogenous calmodulin, the kinetics became sigmoidal, the Km (Ca2+) was decreased and the Vmax was increased.	Egtazic Acid	70-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
2838080-3	1988	In membranes from MNS rats which had been isolated in the presence of EGTA, the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport showed a hyperbolic Ca2+ concentration dependence, a high Km (Ca2+) and a low Vmax; upon addition of exogenous calmodulin, the kinetics became sigmoidal, the Km (Ca2+) was decreased and the Vmax was increased.	Adenosine Triphosphate	80-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
2452220-7	1988	Also, the calmodulin antagonist drug W7 (N-6-(aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide) inhibited the carbamylcholine-induced release of intracellular Ca2+ in acinar carcinoma cells.	W 7	41-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
2897969-4	1988	Ca2+/calmodulin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in EGTA-washed plasma preparations from each region studied--from 1.3-fold (in striatum) to 3.4-fold (in cerebral cortex).	Egtazic Acid	57-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
2897969-5	1988	The fold-stimulation produced by Ca2+/calmodulin was decreased in the presence of GTP, forskolin, or Mn2+.	Guanosine Triphosphate	82-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2897969-5	1988	The fold-stimulation produced by Ca2+/calmodulin was decreased in the presence of GTP, forskolin, or Mn2+.	Colforsin	87-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2897969-5	1988	The fold-stimulation produced by Ca2+/calmodulin was decreased in the presence of GTP, forskolin, or Mn2+.	Manganese(2+)	101-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2897969-6	1988	In EGTA-washed membranes, receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase was strictly dependent upon Ca2+/calmodulin stimulation in all regions, except striatum.	Egtazic Acid	3-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3345844-0	1988	Calmodulin- and protein phosphorylation-independent release of catecholamines from PC-12 cells.	Catecholamines	63-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3345844-0	1988	Calmodulin- and protein phosphorylation-independent release of catecholamines from PC-12 cells.	PC 12 ester	83-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2836443-0	1988	Possible cyclic AMP-dependence of the prereplicative surge of cytosolic calmodulin in proliferatively activated rat liver cells.	Cyclic AMP	9-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
2836443-3	1988	The injection of the beta-adrenergic blocker dl-propanolol (20 mg/kg of body weight) at the time of the infusion prevented this transient rise of cytosolic calmodulin and also inhibited the early prereplicative surge of total liver cyclic AMP, which usually occurred between 1 and 4 hr after infusion.	dl-propanolol	45-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
2836443-4	1988	Propanolol also inhibited the early prereplicative surge of cyclic AMP and the increase of calmodulin in liver cells proliferatively activated by partial hepatectomy.	Propranolol	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
2836443-5	1988	The infusion of a solution containing cyclic AMP (5 mumoles) and theophylline (10 mg) into normal rats produced an increase of cytosolic calmodulin similar to that observed after infusion of TAGH solution or after partial hepatectomy.	Cyclic AMP	38-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
2836443-5	1988	The infusion of a solution containing cyclic AMP (5 mumoles) and theophylline (10 mg) into normal rats produced an increase of cytosolic calmodulin similar to that observed after infusion of TAGH solution or after partial hepatectomy.	Theophylline	65-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
2836443-6	1988	Thus it seems that the prereplicative rise of cytosolic calmodulin observed in proliferatively activated liver cells may be regulated by the early prereplicative surge of cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	171-181	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
3360150-2	1988	Here we demonstrate that this calmodulin increase is reduced by injection of cycloheximide (translation inhibitor) and actinomycin D (transcription inhibitor).	Cycloheximide	77-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3360150-2	1988	Here we demonstrate that this calmodulin increase is reduced by injection of cycloheximide (translation inhibitor) and actinomycin D (transcription inhibitor).	Dactinomycin	119-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3360150-3	1988	In addition, we found that calmodulin mRNA levels are increased during the early pre-replicative period of liver regeneration, and this increase is affected by actinomycin D.	Dactinomycin	160-173	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2839157-10	1988	This effect was insensitive to the presence of calmodulin and appeared to be the result of an increase in the Km of the enzyme for Ins(1,4,5)P3.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	131-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
2452220-7	1988	Also, the calmodulin antagonist drug W7 (N-6-(aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide) inhibited the carbamylcholine-induced release of intracellular Ca2+ in acinar carcinoma cells.	Carbachol	108-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
3371546-4	1988	Calmodulin binding was inhibited by calmodulin antagonists such as penfluridol (1 microM) or pimozide (1 microM).	Penfluridol	67-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3371546-4	1988	Calmodulin binding was inhibited by calmodulin antagonists such as penfluridol (1 microM) or pimozide (1 microM).	Penfluridol	67-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3371546-4	1988	Calmodulin binding was inhibited by calmodulin antagonists such as penfluridol (1 microM) or pimozide (1 microM).	Pimozide	93-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3371546-4	1988	Calmodulin binding was inhibited by calmodulin antagonists such as penfluridol (1 microM) or pimozide (1 microM).	Pimozide	93-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3371546-8	1988	Studies with ovariectomized and steroid-replaced animals indicated that the tissue content of calmodulin-binding components, like those of calmodulin itself, did not appear to be differentially regulated by steroids.	Steroids	32-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3130110-4	1988	The calmodulin inhibitors blocked the effects of A23187 in a dose-dependent fashion, and at higher concentrations, the extent of 2-DG diffusion was not different from that in control tissues.	Calcimycin	49-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2834003-0	1988	Prostaglandin E2 releases luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from the female juvenile hypothalamus through a Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-independent mechanism.	Dinoprostone	0-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
2834003-8	1988	PGE2 evoked a dose-related increase in cAMP accumulation in Ca2+-containing medium and this effect was inhibited both by blockers of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and by calmodulin antagonists.	Dinoprostone	0-4	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
2834003-8	1988	PGE2 evoked a dose-related increase in cAMP accumulation in Ca2+-containing medium and this effect was inhibited both by blockers of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and by calmodulin antagonists.	Cyclic AMP	39-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
3130110-4	1988	The calmodulin inhibitors blocked the effects of A23187 in a dose-dependent fashion, and at higher concentrations, the extent of 2-DG diffusion was not different from that in control tissues.	Deoxyglucose	129-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2448600-2	1988	Micromolar concentrations of the phenothiazines, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine, and haloperidol, a non-phenothiazine antipsychotic and calmodulin antagonist, selectively inhibited the Ca-activated K channels.	Phenothiazines	33-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
3275741-0	1988	Levels and distribution of the calcium-modulated proteins S100 and calmodulin in rat C6 glioma cells.	Calcium	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
2448600-2	1988	Micromolar concentrations of the phenothiazines, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine, and haloperidol, a non-phenothiazine antipsychotic and calmodulin antagonist, selectively inhibited the Ca-activated K channels.	Fluphenazine	49-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
2448600-2	1988	Micromolar concentrations of the phenothiazines, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine, and haloperidol, a non-phenothiazine antipsychotic and calmodulin antagonist, selectively inhibited the Ca-activated K channels.	Haloperidol	87-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
2448600-2	1988	Micromolar concentrations of the phenothiazines, fluphenazine and trifluoperazine, and haloperidol, a non-phenothiazine antipsychotic and calmodulin antagonist, selectively inhibited the Ca-activated K channels.	phenothiazine	33-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
2448600-5	1988	Sulpiride, a potent antipsychotic with weak anti-calmodulin activity, was a relatively weak inhibitor of Ca-activated K channels.	Sulpiride	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3240294-0	1988	Alterations in calmodulin content of rat brain areas after chronic application of haloperidol and amphetamine.	Haloperidol	82-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3240294-0	1988	Alterations in calmodulin content of rat brain areas after chronic application of haloperidol and amphetamine.	Amphetamine	98-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3370139-6	1988	However, calcium ion (in the presence or absence of calmodulin) significantly modifies the 32P labelling of a series of proteins in normal tissue but has little effect with the neoplastic preparations.	Phosphorus-32	91-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
3178784-2	1988	One hour after tetanization (electrical stimulation of area dentata granular cells and recording from CA3 pyramids) an inverse translocation of these Ca++-binding proteins was observed: an increase in the calmodulin content in the water-soluble and a decrease in the Lubrol-soluble fractions, while an increase in S-100 protein in the Triton-soluble and a decrease in the water-soluble fractions occurred.	Water	231-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
3240294-1	1988	The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of dopamine supersensitive rats.	lubrol	34-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
3178784-2	1988	One hour after tetanization (electrical stimulation of area dentata granular cells and recording from CA3 pyramids) an inverse translocation of these Ca++-binding proteins was observed: an increase in the calmodulin content in the water-soluble and a decrease in the Lubrol-soluble fractions, while an increase in S-100 protein in the Triton-soluble and a decrease in the water-soluble fractions occurred.	lubrol	267-273	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
3178784-2	1988	One hour after tetanization (electrical stimulation of area dentata granular cells and recording from CA3 pyramids) an inverse translocation of these Ca++-binding proteins was observed: an increase in the calmodulin content in the water-soluble and a decrease in the Lubrol-soluble fractions, while an increase in S-100 protein in the Triton-soluble and a decrease in the water-soluble fractions occurred.	Water	372-377	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
3240294-1	1988	The water-soluble (cytosolic) and Lubrol-soluble (membrane-bound) calmodulin contents were determined radioimmunologically in fractions of striatum, hippocampus and cerebellum of dopamine supersensitive rats.	Dopamine	179-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
3240294-4	1988	In the dopamine-rich striatum, the membrane-bound calmodulin content was increased by both modes of treatment, consistent with data from the literature.	Dopamine	7-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2906279-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist, W-7, reduced not only vasoconstrictor responses but also norepinephrine overflow during nerve stimulation.	W 7	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2906279-4	1988	The calmodulin antagonist, W-7, reduced not only vasoconstrictor responses but also norepinephrine overflow during nerve stimulation.	Norepinephrine	84-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3183365-5	1988	Thus, the present findings are consistent with data reported in the literature that calmodulin, unlike to other calcium-binding proteins, is primarily associated with neuronal elements.	Calcium	112-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
2905967-0	1988	Clearer demonstration of calcium/calmodulin-dependent events in synaptosomes by use of the differential effects of two calmodulin antagonists, N-(aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide and N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	196-237	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
2905967-4	1988	The calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulatory effect on synapsin I phosphorylation and norepinephrine release was markedly reduced by W-7 and slightly reduced by W-5; whereas neither the strong nor the weak calmodulin antagonist had an effect on A23187-stimulated synaptosomal uptake of calcium.	Calcium	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
2905967-4	1988	The calcium ionophore (A23187)-stimulatory effect on synapsin I phosphorylation and norepinephrine release was markedly reduced by W-7 and slightly reduced by W-5; whereas neither the strong nor the weak calmodulin antagonist had an effect on A23187-stimulated synaptosomal uptake of calcium.	Calcimycin	23-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	N-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide	19-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	291-301
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	N-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide	19-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	326-336
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	291-301
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	326-336
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	W 7	45-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	291-301
2905967-6	1988	Preincubation with H-8 reduced both W-5- and W-7-inhibited A23187-stimulated synapsin I phosphorylation by the same amount but did not affect their inhibitory effect nor the ionophore-stimulated norepinephrine release, thereby suggesting that W-5 may serve as an appropriate control for non-calmodulin-mediated effect of both calmodulin antagonists.	W 7	45-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	326-336
2962018-4	1987	On the other hand, the biphasic response of blood pressure by CaCl2 was abolished by the administration of calmodulin antagonist, W-7, or catecholamine synthesizing enzyme inhibitor, alpha-methyltyrosine.	Calcium Chloride	62-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
2974087-0	1988	Effect of subchronic dieldrin treatment on calmodulin-regulated Ca2+ pump activity in rat brain.	Dieldrin	21-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2974087-2	1988	Dieldrin inhibited both CaM-dependent and -independent Ca2+-ATPase activity and the enzyme activity decreased to 36% (CaM-dependent)--and 18% (basal) respectively after 60 d of intoxication.	Dieldrin	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
2974087-2	1988	Dieldrin inhibited both CaM-dependent and -independent Ca2+-ATPase activity and the enzyme activity decreased to 36% (CaM-dependent)--and 18% (basal) respectively after 60 d of intoxication.	Dieldrin	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
2974087-3	1988	Reduction in brain CaM levels and a subsequent inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity suggests that chronic intoxication of dieldrin at very low doses alters calmodulin and its regulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity.	Dieldrin	120-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
2974087-3	1988	Reduction in brain CaM levels and a subsequent inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity suggests that chronic intoxication of dieldrin at very low doses alters calmodulin and its regulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity.	Dieldrin	120-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
2835563-4	1988	The ANP release stimulated by phenylephrine was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C inhibitor.	Phenylephrine	30-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
2835563-4	1988	The ANP release stimulated by phenylephrine was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C inhibitor.	W 7	61-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
2835563-4	1988	The ANP release stimulated by phenylephrine was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase C inhibitor.	W 7	113-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
2962018-5	1987	These results are discussed on the basis of our calcium-calmodulin-dependent biogenic amine-synthesizing mechanism.	Amines	86-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	Calcium	141-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	Calcium	141-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	Calcium	141-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	Calcium	141-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	calmidazolium	223-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	calmidazolium	223-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	calmidazolium	223-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3696159-2	1987	This activation appeared to be specific by the following criteria: 1) calmodulin activation was Ca2+ dependent and responded biphasically to calcium, displaying activation at low and inhibition at higher concentrations; 2) calmidazolium, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited calmodulin activation of adenylate cyclase; 3) activation of the enzyme occurred in a dose-dependent manner, at calmodulin concentrations normally found in most cells (1- to 20-microM range).	calmidazolium	223-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
3683076-6	1987	Both TMB-8 and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, reversed the effects of Ca2+ on prolactin mRNA levels in cells that had been pretreated for 2 days with 0.4 mM CaCl2.	calmidazolium	41-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
3438574-1	1987	A role of calmodulin in the process of the glycogenolysis induced by adrenaline was investigated in rat submandibular gland.	Epinephrine	69-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
3683076-6	1987	Both TMB-8 and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, reversed the effects of Ca2+ on prolactin mRNA levels in cells that had been pretreated for 2 days with 0.4 mM CaCl2.	Calcium Chloride	167-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
3118870-0	1987	Inhibition of calcium and calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase activity in rats by capsaicin.	Capsaicin	85-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3125299-10	1987	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and triflupromazine (50 mumol/l) inhibited veratridine-stimulated TRH release.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3125299-10	1987	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and triflupromazine (50 mumol/l) inhibited veratridine-stimulated TRH release.	Triflupromazine	47-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3125299-10	1987	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and triflupromazine (50 mumol/l) inhibited veratridine-stimulated TRH release.	Veratridine	86-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3125299-12	1987	The highly specific calmodulin antagonist W7 (10 mumol/l) also inhibited both veratridine and A23187-stimulated TRH release whereas, at the same concentration, its inactive analogue W5 did not significantly inhibit TRH release in response to either stimulus.	Veratridine	78-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
3125299-12	1987	The highly specific calmodulin antagonist W7 (10 mumol/l) also inhibited both veratridine and A23187-stimulated TRH release whereas, at the same concentration, its inactive analogue W5 did not significantly inhibit TRH release in response to either stimulus.	Calcimycin	94-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
2451052-0	1987	Inhibitory effects of calmodulin antagonists on isoproterenol- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulated amylase release from rat parotid acinar cells.	Isoproterenol	48-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
2451052-0	1987	Inhibitory effects of calmodulin antagonists on isoproterenol- and dibutyryl cyclic AMP-stimulated amylase release from rat parotid acinar cells.	Bucladesine	67-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
2451052-4	1987	The weak calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5), caused only slight inhibition at a concentration of 100 microM.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	32-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2451052-4	1987	The weak calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-5), caused only slight inhibition at a concentration of 100 microM.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	75-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
3117977-4	1987	Fractionation of protein carboxylmethyl esters from GH3 cells by gel permeation FPLC, anion-exchange FPLC, and reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of calcium and in the presence of EGTA identified two proteins that are major substrates for protein carboxylmethyltransferase and indicated that one of these proteins is calmodulin.	carboxylmethyl esters	25-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	317-327
3117977-4	1987	Fractionation of protein carboxylmethyl esters from GH3 cells by gel permeation FPLC, anion-exchange FPLC, and reverse-phase HPLC in the presence of calcium and in the presence of EGTA identified two proteins that are major substrates for protein carboxylmethyltransferase and indicated that one of these proteins is calmodulin.	Egtazic Acid	180-184	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	317-327
2960325-2	1987	It was found that the CaM activation of rat brain phosphodiesterase was abolished by the addition of chloroquine.	Chloroquine	101-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
3118870-1	1987	Capsaicin, reported to elevate hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), is also found to inhibit the Ca++ and calmodulin-dependent cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in adipose tissue of rats, fed high fat diet.	Capsaicin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
3118870-2	1987	The dependence of the enzyme activity on Ca++ and calmodulin in vitro, in control rats, is shown by its substantial lowering in the presence of EGTA and inhibition by trifluoperazine (TFP) (IC50 between 10-20 microM).	Egtazic Acid	144-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3118870-2	1987	The dependence of the enzyme activity on Ca++ and calmodulin in vitro, in control rats, is shown by its substantial lowering in the presence of EGTA and inhibition by trifluoperazine (TFP) (IC50 between 10-20 microM).	Trifluoperazine	167-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
2444058-10	1987	TFP acts preferentially on first-phase insulin release and inhibits cAMP formation; this suggests that calmodulin plays a major role in mediating the initial glucose effect on secretion via stimulation of cAMP.	Cyclic AMP	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
2444058-10	1987	TFP acts preferentially on first-phase insulin release and inhibits cAMP formation; this suggests that calmodulin plays a major role in mediating the initial glucose effect on secretion via stimulation of cAMP.	Glucose	158-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
3118870-5	1987	Enzyme inhibition in vivo, due to capsaicin, was overcome by addition of calmodulin to the assay system.	Capsaicin	34-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
2444058-10	1987	TFP acts preferentially on first-phase insulin release and inhibits cAMP formation; this suggests that calmodulin plays a major role in mediating the initial glucose effect on secretion via stimulation of cAMP.	Cyclic AMP	205-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
3118870-6	1987	Inclusion of fluphenazine or capsaicin in assay inhibited not only the calmodulin-restored enzyme activity from test rats but also that of control rats.	Fluphenazine	13-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3118870-6	1987	Inclusion of fluphenazine or capsaicin in assay inhibited not only the calmodulin-restored enzyme activity from test rats but also that of control rats.	Capsaicin	29-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3624258-1	1987	Modification of calmodulin by protein carboxyl methyltransferase requires deamidation of one or more labile asparagine residues (Johnson, B.A., Freitag, N. E., and Aswad, D. W. (1985) J. Biol.	Asparagine	108-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Theophylline	25-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3631272-0	1987	Involvement of calmodulin-calcium complex in regulation of O2 uptake in regions of the liver lobule.	Oxygen	59-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3631272-2	1987	The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of calmodulin in the regulation of local rates of O2 uptake.	Oxygen	100-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
3631272-3	1987	O2 uptake was inhibited up to 80% in a dose-dependent fashion by the calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 (I0.5 = 50-60 microM).	Oxygen	0-2	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
3631272-3	1987	O2 uptake was inhibited up to 80% in a dose-dependent fashion by the calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 (I0.5 = 50-60 microM).	W 7	91-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
3114255-1	1987	Calmodulin-dependent inhibition of the cyclase catalyst by the beta gamma-subunits of GTP-binding proteins.	Guanosine Triphosphate	86-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3114255-6	1987	Furthermore, beta gamma bound to calmodulin-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+, but not in its absence.	Sepharose	44-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
3432325-2	1987	In addition, verapamil and trifluoperazine which are well-known calcium channel blocker and calmodulin inhibitor respectively were used as tools in order to approach to the mechanism of changes resulting from diabetes.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Phloretin	42-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Sugars	79-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Theophylline	229-241	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Phloretin	246-255	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3423397-2	1987	Both drugs inhibited the theophylline and phloretin-induced increase in tissue sugar accumulation in a concentration-dependent fashion, with IC50 values close to 10(-6) M. These findings suggest that calmodulin might mediate the theophylline and phloretin actions on galactose transport in intact rat ileum.	Galactose	267-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
3039914-0	1987	Cytochrome P-450 cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase: inhibition of enzyme deactivation by structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists and phosphatase inhibitors.	Cholesterol	17-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
2444776-5	1987	Verapamil, TMB 8, and the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and R 24571 also possessed this multiplicity of action; however, verapamil and TMB 8 were weaker inducers of selective 5-HT release and uptake inhibition.	Trifluoperazine	49-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2444776-5	1987	Verapamil, TMB 8, and the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and R 24571 also possessed this multiplicity of action; however, verapamil and TMB 8 were weaker inducers of selective 5-HT release and uptake inhibition.	Verapamil	130-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2444776-5	1987	Verapamil, TMB 8, and the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and R 24571 also possessed this multiplicity of action; however, verapamil and TMB 8 were weaker inducers of selective 5-HT release and uptake inhibition.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	144-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	calmidazolium	153-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
2820580-0	1987	The involvement of intracellular calcium ion concentration and calmodulin in the 25-hydroxylation of cholecalciferol in ovine and rat liver.	Cholecalciferol	101-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2820580-7	1987	The calmodulin antagonists; W7, compound 48/80, trifluoperazine (TFP) and calmidazolium (R24571) were all found to effect a dose response inhibition of the 25 hydroxylation of cholecalciferol by homogenates of ovine liver.	Trifluoperazine	48-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2820580-7	1987	The calmodulin antagonists; W7, compound 48/80, trifluoperazine (TFP) and calmidazolium (R24571) were all found to effect a dose response inhibition of the 25 hydroxylation of cholecalciferol by homogenates of ovine liver.	calmidazolium	74-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2820580-7	1987	The calmodulin antagonists; W7, compound 48/80, trifluoperazine (TFP) and calmidazolium (R24571) were all found to effect a dose response inhibition of the 25 hydroxylation of cholecalciferol by homogenates of ovine liver.	Cholecalciferol	176-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	W 7	305-308	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	Tamoxifen	171-180	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	Thioridazine	223-235	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	Amitriptyline	237-250	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	Imipramine	252-262	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3039914-9	1987	A variety of structurally diverse calmodulin antagonists examined were also found to effectively protect P-450Ch7 alpha from deactivation; these include calmidazolium and tamoxifen (IC50 = 25 to 50 microM), chlorpromazine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, and the naphthalene sulfonamide compound W-7 (IC50 = 50 to 300 microM).	naphthalenesulfonamide	272-295	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3037704-3	1987	The calmodulin-binding region has been identified and a synthetic analog prepared that binds calmodulin with high affinity in the presence of calcium.	Calcium	142-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3298545-2	1987	These CaMDP activities bind to immobilized calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ and are eluted by EGTA.	camdp	6-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3298545-2	1987	These CaMDP activities bind to immobilized calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ and are eluted by EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	96-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
3298545-6	1987	The phosphatase activities required the presence of divalent cations such as Ca2+ or Mn2+ for expression of activity, which was optimal only in the presence of calmodulin.	Manganese(2+)	85-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
3298545-10	1987	This cross-reacting protein was found among cellular proteins eluted from immobilized calmodulin by EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	100-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
3112556-0	1987	Calmodulin stimulation of the rat cerebral cortical adenylate cyclase is required for the detection of guanine nucleotide- or hormone-mediated inhibition.	Guanine Nucleotides	103-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3112556-8	1987	Under these assay conditions, Gpp(NH)p- and adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition was absolutely dependent on Ca2+-calmodulin stimulation.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	30-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
3112556-10	1987	The following experiments were used to implicate the role of calmodulin in detergent-solubilized preparations: (i) by demonstrating that free Ca2+ was required to observe Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition, and (ii) by demonstrating that the calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, abolished Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition while concomitantly decreasing basal activity.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	171-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3112556-10	1987	The following experiments were used to implicate the role of calmodulin in detergent-solubilized preparations: (i) by demonstrating that free Ca2+ was required to observe Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition, and (ii) by demonstrating that the calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, abolished Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition while concomitantly decreasing basal activity.	calmidazolium	259-272	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3112556-10	1987	The following experiments were used to implicate the role of calmodulin in detergent-solubilized preparations: (i) by demonstrating that free Ca2+ was required to observe Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition, and (ii) by demonstrating that the calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, abolished Gpp(NH)p-mediated inhibition while concomitantly decreasing basal activity.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	284-292	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3112556-11	1987	As observed in membranes, detection of guanine nucleotide-mediated inhibition required calmodulin stimulation of the detergent-solubilized adenylate cyclase.	Guanine Nucleotides	39-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
3037704-3	1987	The calmodulin-binding region has been identified and a synthetic analog prepared that binds calmodulin with high affinity in the presence of calcium.	Calcium	142-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
3037298-2	1987	It inhibited in vitro activity of calmodulin-activated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase isolated from either bovine heart or brain and ATP-induced superprecipitation of chicken gizzard actomyosin with respective IC50 values of 20 microM, 17 microM, and 2.0 microM.	Adenosine Triphosphate	131-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3036860-6	1987	This is almost certainly due to a specific interaction of the enzyme and its activator since kinase activity was retained on a calmodulin-linked Sepharose 6B column in the presence of Ca2+ but eluted upon chelation of the cation.	sepharose 6b	145-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
3037298-7	1987	Use of hydrophobic fluorescence probes showed that Ro 22-4839 binds to the hydrophobic region of calmodulin like other calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and W-7.	Trifluoperazine	143-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
3037298-7	1987	Use of hydrophobic fluorescence probes showed that Ro 22-4839 binds to the hydrophobic region of calmodulin like other calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and W-7.	W 7	163-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
3037298-9	1987	We conclude that Ro 22-4839 inhibits calmodulin-activated enzymes, most significantly of MLCK, highly specific to smooth muscle contractile systems by binding to the hydrophobic domain of the calmodulin and inducing its conformational change in the presence of calcium.	Ro 22-4839	17-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
3037298-9	1987	We conclude that Ro 22-4839 inhibits calmodulin-activated enzymes, most significantly of MLCK, highly specific to smooth muscle contractile systems by binding to the hydrophobic domain of the calmodulin and inducing its conformational change in the presence of calcium.	Ro 22-4839	17-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-202
3037298-9	1987	We conclude that Ro 22-4839 inhibits calmodulin-activated enzymes, most significantly of MLCK, highly specific to smooth muscle contractile systems by binding to the hydrophobic domain of the calmodulin and inducing its conformational change in the presence of calcium.	Calcium	261-268	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2822056-0	1987	Calmodulin antagonistic action of the cerebral circulation improver 6,7-dimethoxy-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-4- ([4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl)isoquinoline.	Ro 22-4839	68-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3037857-0	1987	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on hormone release and cyclic AMP levels in GH3 pituitary cells.	Cyclic AMP	57-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3037857-1	1987	In GH3 cells the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulphonamide hydrochloride (W-7) showed a dose-dependent, biphasic effect on the release of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL).	Trifluoperazine	40-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3037857-1	1987	In GH3 cells the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulphonamide hydrochloride (W-7) showed a dose-dependent, biphasic effect on the release of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL).	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulphonamide hydrochloride	60-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
3037857-7	1987	Stimulation of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase caused by endogenous calmodulin was blocked by trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	91-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
3037857-8	1987	Particulate bound adenylyl cyclase activity was inhibited by trifluoperazine, and this effect was counteracted by endogenous calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	61-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
2439680-9	1987	Calmodulin antagonists, such as trifluoperazine and calmidazolium suppressed significantly the decreasing effect of Bay K 8644 or CGP 28392 on renin release from the slices.	Trifluoperazine	32-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2439680-9	1987	Calmodulin antagonists, such as trifluoperazine and calmidazolium suppressed significantly the decreasing effect of Bay K 8644 or CGP 28392 on renin release from the slices.	calmidazolium	52-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2438280-1	1987	Previous studies using calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography have suggested that bovine brain may contain a mixture of calmodulin-sensitive and -insensitive adenylate cyclase activities (Wescott, K. R., La Porte, D. C., and Storm, D. R. (1979) Proc.	Sepharose	34-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
2959269-0	1987	Does a calmodulin-dependent Ca2+-regulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase contribute to hepatic microsomal calcium uptake?	Calcium	98-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
3626024-0	1987	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on norepinephrine release and vascular responsiveness in rat mesenteric vasculature.	Norepinephrine	37-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3559563-4	1987	In 12-day-old animals the majority of the transferred [14C]sialic acid was found to be associated with the high-molecular-weight [greater than 200 kilodaltons (kd)] form of D2-CAM/N-CAM, indicative of the protein having been heavily sialylated.	Carbon-14	55-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
3559563-4	1987	In 12-day-old animals the majority of the transferred [14C]sialic acid was found to be associated with the high-molecular-weight [greater than 200 kilodaltons (kd)] form of D2-CAM/N-CAM, indicative of the protein having been heavily sialylated.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	59-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
3626024-3	1987	Pressor responses to electrical nerve stimulation or exogenous norepinephrine were inhibited dose-dependently by each calmodulin antagonist.	Norepinephrine	63-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
3626024-4	1987	Norepinephrine overflow from the sympathetic nerve endings during electrical nerve stimulation was also suppressed by calmodulin antagonists.	Norepinephrine	0-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
2957417-1	1987	Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.	Pyrethrins	26-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3034446-2	1987	Intracellular increase of calcium may be expected to alter membrane/cytosol distribution of calmodulin (CaM).	Calcium	26-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
3034446-2	1987	Intracellular increase of calcium may be expected to alter membrane/cytosol distribution of calmodulin (CaM).	Calcium	26-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
3550349-0	1987	Renin release in anesthetized rats is enhanced by the calmodulin antagonist W-7.	W 7	76-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
3550349-1	1987	In foregoing work, we found that the release of renin from rat kidney cortical slices was stimulated by the calmodulin antagonist W-7.	W 7	130-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
3032446-1	1987	The effects of the calmodulin blocker, trifluoperazine (TEP), on membrane-bound Ca++-ATPase, Na+-K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3.)	Trifluoperazine	39-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
3596155-0	1987	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on secretion of bile and bile acid.	Bile Acids and Salts	59-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3596155-7	1987	Under the constant infusion of taurocholic acid into the perfusate, CaM antagonists decreased the secretion of bile acid.	Taurocholic Acid	31-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
3596155-7	1987	Under the constant infusion of taurocholic acid into the perfusate, CaM antagonists decreased the secretion of bile acid.	Bile Acids and Salts	111-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
3596155-10	1987	Future studies must be carried out to determine whether CaM is involved in the secretion of bile acid.	Bile Acids and Salts	92-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2957417-1	1987	Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.	resmethrin	54-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2957417-1	1987	Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.	cypermethrin	75-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
2957417-1	1987	Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.	cypermethrin	75-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2957417-1	1987	Effects of two classes of pyrethroids, permethrin and resmethrin (type I), cypermethrin and deltamethrin (type II), on basal (calmodulin-deficient) and calmodulin stimulated activities of Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from rat brain were studied in vitro.	decamethrin	92-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2957417-3	1987	Both groups of pyrethroids decreased the calmodulin activated Ca2+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase from brain synaptosomes and nuclear fraction.	Pyrethrins	15-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2957417-4	1987	The results indicate that calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ ATPase is more sensitive to type II pyrethroids and pyrethroids are more effective on calmodulin stimulated enzymes than basal enzyme activities.	Pyrethrins	89-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2957417-4	1987	The results indicate that calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ ATPase is more sensitive to type II pyrethroids and pyrethroids are more effective on calmodulin stimulated enzymes than basal enzyme activities.	Pyrethrins	105-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2957417-4	1987	The results indicate that calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ ATPase is more sensitive to type II pyrethroids and pyrethroids are more effective on calmodulin stimulated enzymes than basal enzyme activities.	Pyrethrins	105-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
3029325-4	1987	The addition of exogenous calmodulin enhanced 32P incorporation in proteins migrating in the 62K and 52K regions, an effect that was antagonized by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Phosphorus-32	46-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2443198-11	1987	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) at 30 microM inhibited basal hormone release and hormone release stimulated by TRH (1 microM), db-cAMP (5 mM), and MIX (1 mM).	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3029325-4	1987	The addition of exogenous calmodulin enhanced 32P incorporation in proteins migrating in the 62K and 52K regions, an effect that was antagonized by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Phosphorus-32	46-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3029325-4	1987	The addition of exogenous calmodulin enhanced 32P incorporation in proteins migrating in the 62K and 52K regions, an effect that was antagonized by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	173-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3029325-4	1987	The addition of exogenous calmodulin enhanced 32P incorporation in proteins migrating in the 62K and 52K regions, an effect that was antagonized by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	173-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
3035624-0	1987	A calmodulin antagonist inhibits histamine-stimulated acid production by isolated rat parietal cells.	Histamine	33-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3035624-1	1987	The role of calmodulin in the regulation of histamine-stimulated parietal cell function was studied in isolated rat parietal cells using [14C]aminopyrine uptake as a quantitative index of acid production.	Histamine	44-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
3035624-2	1987	In enriched (77-87%) intact parietal cells the calmodulin antagonist naphthalene sulfonamide W 7 dose-dependently inhibited the response to 10(-4) M histamine (IC50: 2 X 10(-6) M).	naphthalenesulfonamide	69-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
3035624-2	1987	In enriched (77-87%) intact parietal cells the calmodulin antagonist naphthalene sulfonamide W 7 dose-dependently inhibited the response to 10(-4) M histamine (IC50: 2 X 10(-6) M).	Histamine	149-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
3035624-9	1987	Our data suggest that calmodulin might be involved in the intracellular mediation of the response to histamine.	Histamine	101-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
3474542-0	1987	[Overcoming of ACNU resistance in an ACNU-resistant subline of rat C6 glioma in vivo through enhanced effect of ACNU by calmodulin inhibitor].	Nimustine	15-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
3474542-0	1987	[Overcoming of ACNU resistance in an ACNU-resistant subline of rat C6 glioma in vivo through enhanced effect of ACNU by calmodulin inhibitor].	Nimustine	37-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
3474542-0	1987	[Overcoming of ACNU resistance in an ACNU-resistant subline of rat C6 glioma in vivo through enhanced effect of ACNU by calmodulin inhibitor].	Nimustine	37-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
3474542-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxic action of ACNU in C6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C6/ACNU) glioma cells in vitro.	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3474542-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxic action of ACNU in C6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C6/ACNU) glioma cells in vitro.	Nimustine	86-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3474542-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxic action of ACNU in C6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C6/ACNU) glioma cells in vitro.	Nimustine	112-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3474542-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxic action of ACNU in C6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C6/ACNU) glioma cells in vitro.	Nimustine	112-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3474542-7	1987	It might be concluded that the combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such a calmodulin inhibitor as trifluoperazine could overcome ACNU resistance in malignant brain tumors.	Trifluoperazine	101-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
3474542-7	1987	It might be concluded that the combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such a calmodulin inhibitor as trifluoperazine could overcome ACNU resistance in malignant brain tumors.	Nimustine	132-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
3032364-5	1987	The possibility that this 64-kDa protein affected by lithium is the beta-subunit of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase or a different protein which co-migrates with it is discussed.	Lithium	53-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
3034280-3	1987	Further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by Ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by EGTA, a Ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound.	Egtazic Acid	104-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
3034280-3	1987	Further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by Ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by EGTA, a Ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound.	Egtazic Acid	104-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
3034280-3	1987	Further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by Ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by EGTA, a Ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound.	Trifluoperazine	130-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
3034280-3	1987	Further, the activity of the enzyme is stimulated over two fold by Ca++ and calmodulin and inhibited by EGTA, a Ca++ chelator and trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin compound.	Trifluoperazine	130-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
2443198-11	1987	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) at 30 microM inhibited basal hormone release and hormone release stimulated by TRH (1 microM), db-cAMP (5 mM), and MIX (1 mM).	Bucladesine	143-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2446688-9	1987	In contrast, W-7, an antagonist of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, potentiated the effect of nisoldipine and, at higher concentrations, inhibited induction of DNA synthesis in itself.	W 7	13-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
3470626-0	1987	[Possibility of overcoming ACNU resistance in ACNU-resistant sublines of rat brain tumors in vitro by a calmodulin inhibitor].	Nimustine	27-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
3470626-0	1987	[Possibility of overcoming ACNU resistance in ACNU-resistant sublines of rat brain tumors in vitro by a calmodulin inhibitor].	Nimustine	46-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
3470626-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro in rat C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma and their ACNU-resistant sublines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU).	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3470626-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro in rat C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma and their ACNU-resistant sublines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU).	Nimustine	82-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3470626-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro in rat C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma and their ACNU-resistant sublines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU).	Nimustine	139-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3470626-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro in rat C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma and their ACNU-resistant sublines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU).	Nimustine	139-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
2828017-8	1987	A link may exist between calmodulin, the concentration of which increased in response to GnRH and was suppressed by inhibin, and the elevation of cellular cGMP content induced by GnRH.	Cyclic GMP	155-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
3026876-0	1987	Inhibitor of calmodulin and cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in BB rats.	boeravinone B	63-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
3026876-2	1987	Calmodulin (CM) is a low-molecular-weight protein essential for activation of cAMP PDE.	Cyclic AMP	78-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3026876-10	1987	Calmodulin activity was also decreased in the livers of both animals (13%, SDR; 68%, STZ-DR).	Streptozocin	85-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3470626-1	1987	A calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, was found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro in rat C6 glioma, 9L gliosarcoma and their ACNU-resistant sublines (C6/ACNU and 9L/ACNU).	Nimustine	139-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
3470626-9	1987	It was also suggested that ACNU resistance in malignant brain tumors could be overcome by combination chemotherapy with ACNU and calmodulin inhibitors.	Nimustine	27-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
2446688-9	1987	In contrast, W-7, an antagonist of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, potentiated the effect of nisoldipine and, at higher concentrations, inhibited induction of DNA synthesis in itself.	Nisoldipine	101-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
3780544-0	1986	Calmodulin mediates the stimulatory effect of 3,5,3"-triiodothyronine on adenylate cyclase activity in rat thymocyte plasma membranes.	3,5,3"-triiodothyronine	46-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2950239-0	1987	In vivo effects of toxaphene on calmodulin-regulated calcium-pump activity in rat brain.	Toxaphene	19-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2950239-7	1987	The inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity and 45Ca2+ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active calcium transport mechanisms by decreasing levels of calmodulin.	Toxaphene	101-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2950239-7	1987	The inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity and 45Ca2+ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active calcium transport mechanisms by decreasing levels of calmodulin.	Toxaphene	101-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
2950239-7	1987	The inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase activity and 45Ca2+ uptake and restoration by calmodulin suggests that toxaphene may impair active calcium transport mechanisms by decreasing levels of calmodulin.	Calcium	129-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
2824893-9	1987	A calmodulin antagonist, W-7 (100 microM) strongly suppressed both the K-contracture and the contraction induced by the test solution, whereas trifluoperazine (10-200 microM) preferentially depressed the K-contracture.	W 7	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
2896805-4	1987	Calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and W-7, decreased NE-induced cyclic AMP accumulation, but another calmodulin antagonist, carmidazolium, did not.	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2896805-4	1987	Calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and W-7, decreased NE-induced cyclic AMP accumulation, but another calmodulin antagonist, carmidazolium, did not.	Cyclic AMP	70-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3780544-7	1986	Further, when added to freshly isolated membranes, three calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, and calmodulin antibodies, all produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, and this was completely reversed in all cases by the addition of high concentrations of exogenous calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	81-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
3780544-7	1986	Further, when added to freshly isolated membranes, three calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine, calmidazolium, and calmodulin antibodies, all produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, and this was completely reversed in all cases by the addition of high concentrations of exogenous calmodulin.	calmidazolium	98-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
3099262-10	1986	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine caused a 14% increase in 36Cl uptake but did not cause 36Cl efflux from preloaded cells or modify acetylcholine-induced efflux of tracer from these cells.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3803705-3	1986	The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine, pimozide and W7 also prevented estrogen induction of prolactin production.	W 7	58-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3099262-10	1986	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine caused a 14% increase in 36Cl uptake but did not cause 36Cl efflux from preloaded cells or modify acetylcholine-induced efflux of tracer from these cells.	Chlorine-36	66-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3467320-0	1986	Activation of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by autophosphorylation: ATP modulates production of an autonomous enzyme.	Adenosine Triphosphate	99-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3467320-3	1986	At low but saturating levels of ATP (5 microM), autophosphorylation causes a 75% reduction in kinase activity, with the residual activity still retaining a dependence on Ca2+ and calmodulin.	Adenosine Triphosphate	32-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-189
3467320-4	1986	By contrast, at high but physiological levels of ATP (500 microM), the kinase is converted by autophosphorylation to a form that is autonomous of Ca2+ and calmodulin, with no accompanying reduction in activity.	Adenosine Triphosphate	49-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
2945818-5	1986	Preincubation of hepatocytes with the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, or with the phospholipase inhibitors, chlorpromazine and dibucaine, inhibited the stimulation of [14C]arachidonate release by cystamine.	Arachidonic Acid	177-189	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2945818-5	1986	Preincubation of hepatocytes with the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, or with the phospholipase inhibitors, chlorpromazine and dibucaine, inhibited the stimulation of [14C]arachidonate release by cystamine.	Cystamine	201-210	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3026594-5	1986	The activation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ stimulated ATPase by calmodulin in the hypothyroid preparation was greater than the control; these effects of calmodulin were blocked by trifluoperazine.	Adenosine Triphosphate	18-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
3026594-5	1986	The activation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ stimulated ATPase by calmodulin in the hypothyroid preparation was greater than the control; these effects of calmodulin were blocked by trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	191-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
3026594-5	1986	The activation of ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ stimulated ATPase by calmodulin in the hypothyroid preparation was greater than the control; these effects of calmodulin were blocked by trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	191-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
3019808-7	1986	Calmodulin and calmodulin-like activity (PDE-activator activity) in the liver and fat was decreased in diabetes and restored toward normal after glyburide treatment (P less than .05).	Glyburide	145-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3792446-6	1986	It is suggested that accumulated intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP, due to inhibition of calmodulin, had enhanced the frequency of spontaneous ACh release from the nerve terminal, and the decrease in the amplitude might be attributed to inhibition of the postsynaptic action of CaM.	Acetylcholine	143-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
3792446-6	1986	It is suggested that accumulated intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP, due to inhibition of calmodulin, had enhanced the frequency of spontaneous ACh release from the nerve terminal, and the decrease in the amplitude might be attributed to inhibition of the postsynaptic action of CaM.	Acetylcholine	143-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	278-281
3792446-0	1986	Enhancement of spontaneous acetylcholine release from motor nerve terminal by calmodulin inhibitors.	Acetylcholine	27-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
3792446-6	1986	It is suggested that accumulated intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP, due to inhibition of calmodulin, had enhanced the frequency of spontaneous ACh release from the nerve terminal, and the decrease in the amplitude might be attributed to inhibition of the postsynaptic action of CaM.	Cyclic AMP	56-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
3792446-6	1986	It is suggested that accumulated intracellular Ca2+ and cyclic AMP, due to inhibition of calmodulin, had enhanced the frequency of spontaneous ACh release from the nerve terminal, and the decrease in the amplitude might be attributed to inhibition of the postsynaptic action of CaM.	Cyclic AMP	56-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	278-281
3021438-1	1986	The effect of calmodulin inhibitors, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine, on TSH-induced thyroid hormone secretion from rat thyroid was examined in vivo and in vitro.	Thyrotropin	119-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
3021438-5	1986	These results suggest that calmodulin may play a role in thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid, acting beyond cAMP formation.	Cyclic AMP	115-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
3019808-7	1986	Calmodulin and calmodulin-like activity (PDE-activator activity) in the liver and fat was decreased in diabetes and restored toward normal after glyburide treatment (P less than .05).	Glyburide	145-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	59-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
3468959-1	1986	Membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) were found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro and in vivo in ACNU-resistant C 6 (C 6/ACNU) glioma.	Trifluoperazine	116-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
3468959-1	1986	Membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) were found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro and in vivo in ACNU-resistant C 6 (C 6/ACNU) glioma.	Nimustine	175-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3468959-1	1986	Membrane-modifying agents such as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) were found to enhance the cytotoxicity of ACNU in vitro and in vivo in ACNU-resistant C 6 (C 6/ACNU) glioma.	Nimustine	204-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
2430291-3	1986	Thus, barium appears to enter the cell through a voltage-dependent calcium channel and, either directly or indirectly, interacts with calmodulin to stimulate c-fos expression.	Barium	6-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
3468959-6	1986	It might be concluded that the mechanism of enhancement of ACNU cytotoxicity presented in in vitro and in vivo is explained by the enhanced accumulation of ACNU by these membrane-modifying agents in C 6, especially in ACNU-resistant (C 6/ACNU) cells, and, furthermore, that combination chemotherapy with ACNU and such membrane interacting drugs as reserpine, calcium antagonists (nicardipine, verapamil) and calmodulin inhibitor (trifluoperazine) could lead to the capability of overcoming resistance to ACNU in glioma.	Nimustine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	408-418
2946359-0	1986	Chronic amphetamine treatment increases striatal calmodulin in rats.	Amphetamine	8-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2946359-1	1986	A radioimmunoassay was developed to measure calmodulin in striatum from rats treated with one dose or repeated injections of amphetamine.	Amphetamine	125-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2946359-2	1986	Chronic, but not acute, amphetamine treatment resulted in a significant increase in total calmodulin levels in striatal homogenates.	Amphetamine	24-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
3019647-5	1986	Calmodulin (CM), a small molecular weight protein essential for activation of specific cAMP PDE was assayed.	Cyclic AMP	87-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3801041-3	1986	The incorporation of radioactive phosphate into membrane-bound CaM from the P2 fraction was much higher than that of soluble CaM from the S2 fraction.	radioactive phosphate	21-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
2876734-2	1986	There has been found the parameter-relaxation index-the change of which under the effect of phenothiazines (10(-5) M in all the cases) made use of significantly correlates with the constants, which reflect the similarity of given agents with calmodulin.	Phenothiazines	92-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	242-252
3525545-4	1986	Using wheat germ lectin-enriched insulin receptor preparations obtained from rat adipocyte plasma membranes, calmodulin stimulated the rate and increased the amount of 32P incorporated predominantly into tyrosine residues of the beta subunit of the receptor when assayed in the presence of insulin.	Phosphorus-32	168-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3784627-7	1986	A good correlation between the levels of [3H]QNB binding and calmodulin was observed from day 9 of the postnatal period to 26 months of age.	Tritium	42-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
3784627-8	1986	In the presence of calcium, calmodulin induced a dose-dependent receptor binding loss in the hearts of postnatal, young adult and aged rats under phosphorylating conditions.	Calcium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
3019145-2	1986	The CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited mucin secretion in response to both isoproterenol and dibutyryladenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate.	Trifluoperazine	19-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3019145-2	1986	The CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited mucin secretion in response to both isoproterenol and dibutyryladenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate.	Trifluoperazine	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3019145-2	1986	The CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited mucin secretion in response to both isoproterenol and dibutyryladenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate.	Isoproterenol	87-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
3019145-2	1986	The CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) inhibited mucin secretion in response to both isoproterenol and dibutyryladenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate.	Bucladesine	105-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
2426970-4	1986	In EDTA osmotically shocked vesicles, calmodulin stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport up to 100% in a Ca2+ concentration-dependent manner.	Edetic Acid	3-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
2426970-4	1986	In EDTA osmotically shocked vesicles, calmodulin stimulated ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport up to 100% in a Ca2+ concentration-dependent manner.	Adenosine Triphosphate	60-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
3025488-0	1986	Effects of putative calmodulin antagonists on the binding of [3H]opioid ligands to rat brain membranes: possible involvement of the change in the membrane fluidity.	Tritium	62-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
3025488-1	1986	The effects of putative calmodulin antagonists on the binding of [3H]opioid ligands to rat brain membranes were examined.	Tritium	66-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
3025488-9	1986	Calmodulin antagonists caused to increase in the fluorescence anisotropy obtained from 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene-labeled membrane fractions from rat brains, indicating that these compounds were effective for the decrease in the membrane fluidity.	Diphenylhexatriene	87-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3525545-4	1986	Using wheat germ lectin-enriched insulin receptor preparations obtained from rat adipocyte plasma membranes, calmodulin stimulated the rate and increased the amount of 32P incorporated predominantly into tyrosine residues of the beta subunit of the receptor when assayed in the presence of insulin.	Tyrosine	204-212	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3525545-7	1986	Calmodulin also induced an approximately 2-fold increase in both the rate and amount of insulin-mediated incorporation of 32P into histone H2b.	Phosphorus-32	122-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3525545-10	1986	On the basis of its molecular weight and purification via immunoadsorption with protein A-Sepharose-bound anti-calmodulin IgG, this phosphoprotein was identified as a phosphorylated form of calmodulin.	Sepharose	90-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
3525545-10	1986	On the basis of its molecular weight and purification via immunoadsorption with protein A-Sepharose-bound anti-calmodulin IgG, this phosphoprotein was identified as a phosphorylated form of calmodulin.	Sepharose	90-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
3092124-0	1986	Increased sensitivity of adenylate cyclase activity in the striatum of the rat to calmodulin and GppNHp after chronic treatment with haloperidol.	Haloperidol	133-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
2943378-12	1986	When the calmodulin blocker trifluoperazine was administered to the rats intravenously, Ca-ATPase activity was almost completely abolished from the plasma membranes of secretory ameloblasts, but not of other cell types.	Trifluoperazine	28-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
3753505-2	1986	Calmodulin activity was eluted at 0.3 and 0.4 M NaCl and markedly inhibited by trifluoperazine and W-7, calmodulin antagonists.	Sodium Chloride	48-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3753505-2	1986	Calmodulin activity was eluted at 0.3 and 0.4 M NaCl and markedly inhibited by trifluoperazine and W-7, calmodulin antagonists.	Trifluoperazine	79-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3753505-2	1986	Calmodulin activity was eluted at 0.3 and 0.4 M NaCl and markedly inhibited by trifluoperazine and W-7, calmodulin antagonists.	W 7	99-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3753505-2	1986	Calmodulin activity was eluted at 0.3 and 0.4 M NaCl and markedly inhibited by trifluoperazine and W-7, calmodulin antagonists.	W 7	99-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
3753505-3	1986	The fractions with calmodulin activity contained a protein the electrophoretic migration of which on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel was accelerated by Ca2+.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	101-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
3753505-3	1986	The fractions with calmodulin activity contained a protein the electrophoretic migration of which on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel was accelerated by Ca2+.	polyacrylamide	124-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2873035-5	1986	The calmodulin-dependent and phospholipid-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate the same serine residue on ATP-citrate lyase that is phosphorylated by cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase.	Serine	91-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2873035-7	1986	The calmodulin-dependent, phospholipid-dependent and cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinases phosphorylate distinct sites on acetyl-CoA carboxylase.	Phospholipids	26-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3092124-2	1986	In this study the authors examined whether chronic treatment with haloperidol could elicit a change in sensitivity of adenylate cyclase in the striatum of the rat for guanyl nucleotides and the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin.	Haloperidol	66-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	227-237
3092124-6	1986	There was an increase in the activation of adenylate cyclase activity by calmodulin and GppNHp but not by guanosine triphosphate (GTP) in particulate fractions of the striatum from rats treated with haloperidol as compared to controls.	Haloperidol	199-210	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
3092124-7	1986	The sensitivity of adenylate cyclase to calmodulin was increased 5-fold in particulate fractions from rats treated with haloperidol as opposed to vehicle-treated rats.	Haloperidol	120-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
3700427-5	1986	Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was purified 470-fold with a 33% yield from rat testis cytosol, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100.	Ammonium Sulfate	101-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3700427-5	1986	Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was purified 470-fold with a 33% yield from rat testis cytosol, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100.	DEAE-Cellulose	154-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3700427-5	1986	Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was purified 470-fold with a 33% yield from rat testis cytosol, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100.	cm-sepharose	170-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3700427-5	1986	Calmodulin N-methyltransferase was purified 470-fold with a 33% yield from rat testis cytosol, using ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-Sepharose, and Sephadex G-100.	sephadex	188-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3700427-6	1986	At pH 7.4, calmodulin N-methyltransferase did not bind to DEAE-cellulose, but bound strongly to CM-Sepharose.	Sepharose	99-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
3700427-8	1986	Purified calmodulin N-methyltransferase was incubated with extracts of rat tissues, and [methyl-3H]AdoMet and methylated proteins were resolved by electrophoresis in an attempt to discover substances other than calmodulin, but this enzyme only catalyzed the methylation of calmodulin, indicating a high degree of substrate specificity.	methyl-3h	89-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
3700427-10	1986	Three moles of methyl/mol of calmodulin were incorporated into lysine 115 of des(methyl)calmodulin, resulting in the formation of 1 mol of trimethyllysine at the site normally methylated in calmodulins from most species.	Lysine	63-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
3700427-10	1986	Three moles of methyl/mol of calmodulin were incorporated into lysine 115 of des(methyl)calmodulin, resulting in the formation of 1 mol of trimethyllysine at the site normally methylated in calmodulins from most species.	Lysine	63-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
3700427-10	1986	Three moles of methyl/mol of calmodulin were incorporated into lysine 115 of des(methyl)calmodulin, resulting in the formation of 1 mol of trimethyllysine at the site normally methylated in calmodulins from most species.	trimethyllysine	139-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
3700427-10	1986	Three moles of methyl/mol of calmodulin were incorporated into lysine 115 of des(methyl)calmodulin, resulting in the formation of 1 mol of trimethyllysine at the site normally methylated in calmodulins from most species.	trimethyllysine	139-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Calcium	52-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
2422955-10	1986	The Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin has no effect on enzyme secretion, whereas the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine dihydrochloride stimulates protein release in leaky but not in intact acini.	Trifluoperazine	105-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
3019548-0	1986	Protective effects of the calmodulin antagonist bepridil on ischaemia induced in the rat myocardium.	Bepridil	48-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3019548-4	1986	Bepridil effectively inhibited the activation of calmodulin dependent enzymes, such as calcium calmodulin dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase.	Bepridil	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3019548-4	1986	Bepridil effectively inhibited the activation of calmodulin dependent enzymes, such as calcium calmodulin dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and myosin light chain kinase.	Bepridil	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
3019548-6	1986	Since bepridil protects the myocardium and minimises ischaemia induced damage these events might be related to a calmodulin antagonistic action as well as a calcium channel blocking action.	Bepridil	6-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
2940138-0	1986	Toxaphene inhibition of calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPase activity in rat brain synaptosomes.	Toxaphene	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2940138-2	1986	Ca2+-ATPase in calmodulin-depleted synaptosomes was inhibited in vitro to a maximum of about 50% at 150 microM toxaphene.	Toxaphene	111-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2940138-4	1986	Toxaphene inhibited the calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 10 microM, a concentration at which no significant effect was observed on basal enzyme activity.	Toxaphene	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2940138-5	1986	Nuclear and P2 fraction (synaptosomes) calmodulin levels were reduced significantly in toxaphene-treated rats.	Toxaphene	87-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
2940138-6	1986	The synaptosomal Ca2+-ATPase was also reduced to about 45% in toxaphene-treated rats and the activity was restored to normal levels by the exogenously added calmodulin.	Toxaphene	62-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
2940138-7	1986	These results suggest that toxaphene may cause synaptic dysfunction by interfering with calmodulin and its regulation of neuronal calcium.	Toxaphene	27-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
2423495-7	1986	We conclude that exercise conditioning produces an enhancement of calmodulin-mediated calcium uptake that is independent of any effect on Ca2+-ATPase.	Calcium	86-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2872624-4	1986	The occlusion of the two effects suggests that CaM and endogenous DAG are likely to be involved in control of Glu release and the enhancement of release associated with LTP.	Glutamic Acid	110-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Calcium	52-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Histamine	117-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Histamine	117-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Calcium	146-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
3487326-0	1986	Investigations on calmodulin antagonistic effects of bepridil in intact and skinned fibres of smooth muscle.	Bepridil	53-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3487326-5	1986	During long-term incubation (greater than 40 min) of skinned fibres in low-calcium solution (pCa greater than 8) the calmodulin (CaM) is extracted.	Calcium	75-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Calcium	146-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
3487326-5	1986	During long-term incubation (greater than 40 min) of skinned fibres in low-calcium solution (pCa greater than 8) the calmodulin (CaM) is extracted.	Calcium	75-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Quinacrine	235-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
3487326-6	1986	A calcium-induced contraction occurs only by adding CaM, showing the necessity of CaM for contraction.	Calcium	2-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
3487326-6	1986	A calcium-induced contraction occurs only by adding CaM, showing the necessity of CaM for contraction.	Calcium	2-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2425595-8	1986	There was apparently an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which acted through calmodulin, since the histamine release induced by calcium from the permeabilized mast cells could be inhibited by a calmodulin-antagonist, mepacrine (10-30 microM).	Quinacrine	235-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-222
3487326-11	1986	Thus the effects of bepridil on the contractile mechanism in vascular smooth muscle are at least partly mediated through an intracellular mechanism - most probably inhibition of calmodulin.	Bepridil	20-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-188
3080585-0	1986	Contribution of Ca++ and calmodulin to the action of norepinephrine on renal prostaglandin synthesis and vascular tone.	Norepinephrine	53-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
3079818-1	1986	The Ca2+ and calmodulin sensitivity of endogenous protein kinase activity in synaptosomal membrane fragments from rat brain was studied in medium containing Ca2+ plus EGTA using a modified computer programme to calculate free Ca2+ concentrations that took into account the effect of all competing cations and chelators.	Egtazic Acid	167-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
3080585-0	1986	Contribution of Ca++ and calmodulin to the action of norepinephrine on renal prostaglandin synthesis and vascular tone.	Prostaglandins	77-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
3080585-6	1986	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide or calmidazolium diminished PG output and the renal vasoconstriction elicited by NE in the presence and absence of Ca++.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3080585-6	1986	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide or calmidazolium diminished PG output and the renal vasoconstriction elicited by NE in the presence and absence of Ca++.	W 7	39-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3080585-6	1986	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide or calmidazolium diminished PG output and the renal vasoconstriction elicited by NE in the presence and absence of Ca++.	calmidazolium	94-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3080585-6	1986	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide or calmidazolium diminished PG output and the renal vasoconstriction elicited by NE in the presence and absence of Ca++.	Prostaglandins	119-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3019287-0	1986	The effects of calmodulin antagonists on prostaglandin E2-induced responses in rat calvarial bone cells.	Dinoprostone	41-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3019287-3	1986	The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP) at 10-50 microM and W-7 (50 microM) inhibited PGE2-induced increases in calcium uptake by OC cells, but had no effect on control OC or OB calcium levels.	Trifluoperazine	28-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3019287-3	1986	The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP) at 10-50 microM and W-7 (50 microM) inhibited PGE2-induced increases in calcium uptake by OC cells, but had no effect on control OC or OB calcium levels.	Trifluoperazine	45-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3019287-3	1986	The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP) at 10-50 microM and W-7 (50 microM) inhibited PGE2-induced increases in calcium uptake by OC cells, but had no effect on control OC or OB calcium levels.	Dinoprostone	96-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3019287-3	1986	The calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine (TFP) at 10-50 microM and W-7 (50 microM) inhibited PGE2-induced increases in calcium uptake by OC cells, but had no effect on control OC or OB calcium levels.	Calcium	122-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3025031-3	1986	Depletion of extracellular calcium or addition of calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and W7 diminished the contraction and phosphorylation of myosin light chain by norepinephrine, but did not prevent dephosphorylation by sodium nitroprusside or the elevated levels of cyclic GMP.	Trifluoperazine	73-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3025031-3	1986	Depletion of extracellular calcium or addition of calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and W7 diminished the contraction and phosphorylation of myosin light chain by norepinephrine, but did not prevent dephosphorylation by sodium nitroprusside or the elevated levels of cyclic GMP.	Norepinephrine	168-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3025031-3	1986	Depletion of extracellular calcium or addition of calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and W7 diminished the contraction and phosphorylation of myosin light chain by norepinephrine, but did not prevent dephosphorylation by sodium nitroprusside or the elevated levels of cyclic GMP.	Cyclic GMP	272-282	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
3025031-6	1986	The different proteins phosphorylated by norepinephrine showed varying degrees of sensitivity to Ca2+-free solution and to the calmodulin antagonists.	Norepinephrine	41-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
2439730-8	1986	These results suggested that each secretagogue, via cyclic AMP (cAMP), induced a different amylase secretory pattern dependent on an intracellular Ca2+ content, and was mediated by the Ca2+-calmodulin complex.	Cyclic AMP	52-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
2439730-8	1986	These results suggested that each secretagogue, via cyclic AMP (cAMP), induced a different amylase secretory pattern dependent on an intracellular Ca2+ content, and was mediated by the Ca2+-calmodulin complex.	Cyclic AMP	64-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
2439730-0	1986	Participation of Ca2+ and calmodulin in rat pancreatic enzyme secretion induced by secretin, forskolin, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	Colforsin	93-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
3599553-1	1986	The effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin on contraction of saponin-treated (chemically skinned) uterine smooth muscle fibers of pregnant rats were examined.	Saponins	53-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2439730-0	1986	Participation of Ca2+ and calmodulin in rat pancreatic enzyme secretion induced by secretin, forskolin, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	Bucladesine	108-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2439730-1	1986	The role of Ca2+ and calmodulin in stimulation of the rat pancreatic acini induced by secretin, forskolin, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) was studied using W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, and a low Ca2+ medium.	Bucladesine	111-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
3599553-6	1986	The amount of calmodulin, which eluted out of uterine muscle cells during saponin treatment, was large in the early and middle stages of pregnancy.	Saponins	74-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
3899712-1	1985	Calmodulin is a regulator of several calcium-dependent cellular processes.	Calcium	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3010404-5	1986	In the presence of micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine and pimozide, two potent inactivators of calmodulin, LH-stimulated cAMP production was markedly decreased.	Trifluoperazine	48-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
3010404-5	1986	In the presence of micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine and pimozide, two potent inactivators of calmodulin, LH-stimulated cAMP production was markedly decreased.	Pimozide	68-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
3010404-5	1986	In the presence of micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine and pimozide, two potent inactivators of calmodulin, LH-stimulated cAMP production was markedly decreased.	Luteinizing Hormone	117-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
3010404-5	1986	In the presence of micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine and pimozide, two potent inactivators of calmodulin, LH-stimulated cAMP production was markedly decreased.	Cyclic AMP	131-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-115
3010404-7	1986	The addition of Ca2+-free exogenous calmodulin (10(-6) M) caused a specific and significant enhancement of cAMP accumulation induced by an optimal dose of LH.	Cyclic AMP	107-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3010404-7	1986	The addition of Ca2+-free exogenous calmodulin (10(-6) M) caused a specific and significant enhancement of cAMP accumulation induced by an optimal dose of LH.	Luteinizing Hormone	155-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3010404-8	1986	These results suggest that calcium ions regulated the adenylate cyclase activity in the rat ovaries and had a dual effect that was first stimulatory at low concentration and mediated by calmodulin and then inhibitory at high (non-physiological) concentration.	Calcium	27-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
3005246-1	1985	A heat-stable 32K calmodulin-binding protein has been purified approximately 3,670-fold from porcine testis to apparent homogeneity as judged by both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	150-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3005246-1	1985	A heat-stable 32K calmodulin-binding protein has been purified approximately 3,670-fold from porcine testis to apparent homogeneity as judged by both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions.	polyacrylamide	173-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3005246-1	1985	A heat-stable 32K calmodulin-binding protein has been purified approximately 3,670-fold from porcine testis to apparent homogeneity as judged by both sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native conditions.	polyacrylamide	212-226	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3005246-2	1985	The purification employed calmodulin-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography; elution was performed with a free Ca2+ gradient.	Sepharose	37-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
4074724-0	1985	Calcium-induced increase in the radius of gyration and maximum dimension of calmodulin measured by small-angle X-ray scattering.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
4074724-2	1985	In the presence of calcium, calmodulin exists in solution as an elongated molecule with a radius of gyration of 21.5 A and a maximum vector length of approximately 62 A.	Calcium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
4074724-4	1985	In the absence of calcium, the calmodulin molecule is shorter, the radius of gyration decreases to 20.6 A, and the maximum vector length decreases to approximately 58 A.	Calcium	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
4074724-5	1985	This change in dimensions is consistent with an overall contraction of the protein through movement of the two lobes closer to each other upon removal of calcium from calmodulin.	Calcium	154-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
4089008-3	1985	The histamine induced secretion was highly resistant to the action of the calcium entry blocker verapamil, somatostatin and KSCN, but some inhibition was obtained with the calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine.	Histamine	4-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
4089008-3	1985	The histamine induced secretion was highly resistant to the action of the calcium entry blocker verapamil, somatostatin and KSCN, but some inhibition was obtained with the calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	195-210	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
3455611-4	1986	Ribosomal salt wash fractions contain a high casein kinase activity which was partially inhibited by heparin and stimulated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+, indicating the presence of casein kinase I and II and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases.	Salts	10-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
3455611-4	1986	Ribosomal salt wash fractions contain a high casein kinase activity which was partially inhibited by heparin and stimulated by calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+, indicating the presence of casein kinase I and II and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases.	Salts	10-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-235
2999145-3	1985	Cyclic AMP and calmodulin must both be present in order for this effect to be observed; cyclic GMP does not substitute for cyclic AMP, and the effect is abolished by either trifluoperazine or the heat-stable inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.	Trifluoperazine	173-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2999145-3	1985	Cyclic AMP and calmodulin must both be present in order for this effect to be observed; cyclic GMP does not substitute for cyclic AMP, and the effect is abolished by either trifluoperazine or the heat-stable inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.	Cyclic AMP	221-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2999145-6	1985	The effect of cyclic AMP plus calmodulin is enhanced by preincubation and requires a divalent cation; maximal phosphorylation takes place at 100 microM Mn2+, although higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Co2+ support an equivalent degree of phosphorylation.	Manganese(2+)	152-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2999145-6	1985	The effect of cyclic AMP plus calmodulin is enhanced by preincubation and requires a divalent cation; maximal phosphorylation takes place at 100 microM Mn2+, although higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Co2+ support an equivalent degree of phosphorylation.	magnesium ion	192-196	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2999145-6	1985	The effect of cyclic AMP plus calmodulin is enhanced by preincubation and requires a divalent cation; maximal phosphorylation takes place at 100 microM Mn2+, although higher concentrations of Mg2+ and Co2+ support an equivalent degree of phosphorylation.	Cobalt(2+)	201-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
3936486-3	1985	All three calmodulin inhibitors used (calmidazolium, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) were shown to block LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis.	calmidazolium	38-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
3936486-3	1985	All three calmodulin inhibitors used (calmidazolium, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) were shown to block LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis.	Trifluoperazine	53-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
3936486-3	1985	All three calmodulin inhibitors used (calmidazolium, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) were shown to block LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis.	Chlorpromazine	73-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
3936486-3	1985	All three calmodulin inhibitors used (calmidazolium, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine) were shown to block LH- and LHRH-agonist-stimulated steroidogenesis.	Luteinizing Hormone	109-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
4045467-9	1985	The CaM-dependent kinase in SJ fractions phosphorylated endogenous phosphoproteins at serine and/or threonine residues.	Serine	86-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
4045467-9	1985	The CaM-dependent kinase in SJ fractions phosphorylated endogenous phosphoproteins at serine and/or threonine residues.	Threonine	100-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
4043389-0	1985	Stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of rat brain membrane proteins by calmodulin.	Tyrosine	15-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
2995530-0	1985	Calmodulin regulation of cellular cyclic AMP production in response to arginine vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and forskolin in rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture.	Cyclic AMP	34-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
4043389-2	1985	Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated a calmodulin stimulated increase of phosphotyrosine in these peptides.	Phosphoamino Acids	0-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
4043389-2	1985	Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated a calmodulin stimulated increase of phosphotyrosine in these peptides.	Phosphotyrosine	73-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
4043389-3	1985	Calmodulin also stimulated the phosphorylation of these peptides at serine and threonine residues.	Serine	68-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
4043389-3	1985	Calmodulin also stimulated the phosphorylation of these peptides at serine and threonine residues.	Threonine	79-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
4041842-0	1985	Cerebral alteration in calmodulin levels associated with the induction of physical dependence upon ethanol in rats.	Ethanol	99-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
4041842-4	1985	In rats undergoing ethanol withdrawal syndrome, the calmodulin levels decreased in all regions of the brain except caudate nuclei.	Ethanol	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
4074289-9	1985	These results suggest that the depression of calmodulin activity is beneficial in the prevention of myocardial damage produced by calcium repletion, although there is a difference in the effect of the calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine.	Calcium	130-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
4074289-9	1985	These results suggest that the depression of calmodulin activity is beneficial in the prevention of myocardial damage produced by calcium repletion, although there is a difference in the effect of the calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine.	Trifluoperazine	224-239	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
4074289-9	1985	These results suggest that the depression of calmodulin activity is beneficial in the prevention of myocardial damage produced by calcium repletion, although there is a difference in the effect of the calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine.	Chlorpromazine	244-258	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
2941181-5	1985	A 50 per cent decrease of CaM activated Ca2+-ATPase was observed with 0.5 nM plictran, a concentration at which no significant effect was observed on basal enzyme activity.	cyhexatin	77-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
4040955-4	1985	In contrast, the stimulation of the enzyme by GTP plus isoproterenol was strongly potentiated after protease treatment, an effect that mimics the synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by Ns and calmodulin in unproteolyzed membranes.	Guanosine Triphosphate	46-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
4040955-4	1985	In contrast, the stimulation of the enzyme by GTP plus isoproterenol was strongly potentiated after protease treatment, an effect that mimics the synergistic activation of adenylate cyclase by Ns and calmodulin in unproteolyzed membranes.	Isoproterenol	55-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
4040955-9	1985	Moreover, in the rat cerebellum, proteolysis as well as calmodulin was found to enhance strongly the inhibitory effect of Gpp(NH)p on basal adenylate cyclase activity.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	122-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
2995530-0	1985	Calmodulin regulation of cellular cyclic AMP production in response to arginine vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and forskolin in rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture.	Colforsin	114-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2995530-1	1985	The effect of calmodulin on the stimulation of cyclic AMP production by arginine vasopressin (AVP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and forskolin was examined in cultured renal papillary collecting tubule cells of the rat.	Cyclic AMP	47-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	Trifluoperazine	59-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	n-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide	79-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	W 7	133-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	Dinoprostone	160-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	Colforsin	170-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2995530-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), attenuated the AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-stimulated cellular production of cyclic AMP in a dose-related manner.	Cyclic AMP	214-224	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
2993315-1	1985	The focus of this study is a quantitative biochemical analysis of the calcium-dependent interactions of calmodulin with a nerve growth cone preparation from fetal rat brain (Pfenninger, K. H., L. Ellis, M. P. Johnson, L. B. Freidman, and S. Somlo, 1983, Cell 35:573-584).	Calcium	70-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
4028107-1	1985	An intraperitoneal injection of the calcium-calmodulin blocker trifluoperazine into rats at 4 hr after a partial hepatectomy produced a strong inhibition of DNA synthesis observed at 24 hr after surgery; but when injection was administered at 20 hr after hepatectomy, it did not produce any effect on DNA replication.	Trifluoperazine	63-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
4028107-3	1985	A more detailed study indicated that when trifluoperazine was injected at 4 hr after surgery, a 12 hr delay in the cytosolic calmodulin surge observed between 6 and 12 hr after partial hepatectomy (previous to initiation of DNA replication) and also in the starting of DNA synthesis was produced.	Trifluoperazine	42-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
2993315-3	1985	The binding of 125I-calmodulin to nerve growth cone material is shown to be highly specific, calcium dependent, and saturable at nanomolar calmodulin concentrations.	Calcium	93-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
3000838-0	1985	[Evidence for a role of calmodulin in cellular cAMP production in response to vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and forskolin in cultured rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells].	Cyclic AMP	47-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
4063469-0	1985	Cold exposure or chronic noradrenaline treatment induces an increase in the calmodulin-like immunoreactivity of brown adipose tissue of rats.	Norepinephrine	25-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
3000838-0	1985	[Evidence for a role of calmodulin in cellular cAMP production in response to vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and forskolin in cultured rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells].	Dinoprostone	91-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
3000838-0	1985	[Evidence for a role of calmodulin in cellular cAMP production in response to vasopressin, prostaglandin E2 and forskolin in cultured rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells].	Colforsin	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
3000838-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), attenuated the cellular production of cAMP in a dose-related manner in response to all three stimuli.	Trifluoperazine	59-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
3000838-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), attenuated the cellular production of cAMP in a dose-related manner in response to all three stimuli.	W 7	79-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
3000838-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), attenuated the cellular production of cAMP in a dose-related manner in response to all three stimuli.	W 7	131-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
3000838-3	1985	Two chemically dissimilar inhibitors of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), attenuated the cellular production of cAMP in a dose-related manner in response to all three stimuli.	Cyclic AMP	175-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
3000838-6	1985	Since forskolin is recognized as activating adenylate cyclase at one step of the catalytic component and the cellular action of AVP to activate adenylate cyclase is mediated through receptor-catalytic component, the present study indicates calmodulin regulation of basal, AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase in the papillary collecting tubule cells.	Colforsin	6-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-250
3000838-6	1985	Since forskolin is recognized as activating adenylate cyclase at one step of the catalytic component and the cellular action of AVP to activate adenylate cyclase is mediated through receptor-catalytic component, the present study indicates calmodulin regulation of basal, AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase in the papillary collecting tubule cells.	Dinoprostone	278-282	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-250
3000838-6	1985	Since forskolin is recognized as activating adenylate cyclase at one step of the catalytic component and the cellular action of AVP to activate adenylate cyclase is mediated through receptor-catalytic component, the present study indicates calmodulin regulation of basal, AVP-, PGE2- and forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase in the papillary collecting tubule cells.	Colforsin	288-297	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-250
3000838-8	1985	These findings suggest that an increase in cytosolic calcium, which interacts with calmodulin to form an active complex, is, at least in part, due to the increased cellular influx of calcium from the extracellular space.	Calcium	53-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
3000838-8	1985	These findings suggest that an increase in cytosolic calcium, which interacts with calmodulin to form an active complex, is, at least in part, due to the increased cellular influx of calcium from the extracellular space.	Calcium	183-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
4016113-5	1985	RMI 12330A and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine abolished the theophylline-effects on intestinal galactose transport.	Trifluoperazine	41-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
4016113-5	1985	RMI 12330A and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine abolished the theophylline-effects on intestinal galactose transport.	Theophylline	71-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
4016113-5	1985	RMI 12330A and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine abolished the theophylline-effects on intestinal galactose transport.	Galactose	106-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
4016113-7	1985	These studies suggest that calcium might modulate sugar permeability across the basolateral boundary of rat enterocytes, and that its effect may be mediated by calmodulin.	Calcium	27-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
4016113-7	1985	These studies suggest that calcium might modulate sugar permeability across the basolateral boundary of rat enterocytes, and that its effect may be mediated by calmodulin.	Sugars	50-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
2862873-6	1985	Either the removal of calcium or the addition of calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, substantially decreased the activation of dopamine synthesis induced by periods of anaerobiosis.	Trifluoperazine	71-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2862873-6	1985	Either the removal of calcium or the addition of calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, substantially decreased the activation of dopamine synthesis induced by periods of anaerobiosis.	Dopamine	130-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
2862873-8	1985	This activation was, at least in part, dependent on the presence of calcium and was sensitive to the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Calcium	68-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
2862873-8	1985	This activation was, at least in part, dependent on the presence of calcium and was sensitive to the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	123-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
2990993-3	1985	In the absence of EDTA the stimulation by calcium of Na,K-ATPase activity is enhanced by the additional presence of calmodulin but in the presence of EDTA, even when calmodulin is added to excess, calcium still fails to stimulate the enzyme.	Calcium	42-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
2990993-3	1985	In the absence of EDTA the stimulation by calcium of Na,K-ATPase activity is enhanced by the additional presence of calmodulin but in the presence of EDTA, even when calmodulin is added to excess, calcium still fails to stimulate the enzyme.	Calcium	42-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
2990993-4	1985	The possibility that EDTA interferes with an interaction between a calcium-calmodulin complex and Na,K-ATPase is discussed.	Edetic Acid	21-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
3005224-1	1985	Calmodulin binds quantitatively to phenyl-Sepharose through its Ca2+-induced hydrophobic binding region.	phenyl-sepharose	35-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3893987-8	1985	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium both caused significant dose-related increases; however, calmidazolium was a more potent stimulator.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3893987-8	1985	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium both caused significant dose-related increases; however, calmidazolium was a more potent stimulator.	calmidazolium	47-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3893987-8	1985	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium both caused significant dose-related increases; however, calmidazolium was a more potent stimulator.	calmidazolium	118-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
3005224-3	1985	While the Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin to phenyl-Sepharose is not altered appreciably by monovalent cations, they do appear to compete for Ca2+ binding to most of the other proteins, including S-100 protein, which exhibit Ca2+-induced interaction with phenyl-Sepharose.	phenyl-sepharose	50-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3005224-3	1985	While the Ca2+-dependent binding of calmodulin to phenyl-Sepharose is not altered appreciably by monovalent cations, they do appear to compete for Ca2+ binding to most of the other proteins, including S-100 protein, which exhibit Ca2+-induced interaction with phenyl-Sepharose.	phenyl-sepharose	260-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
3005224-5	1985	Calmodulin-binding proteins associated with calmodulin in crude cell extracts can prevent the interaction of calmodulin with the phenyl-Sepharose, resulting in low recoveries of calmodulin from these tissues.	phenyl-sepharose	129-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3005224-5	1985	Calmodulin-binding proteins associated with calmodulin in crude cell extracts can prevent the interaction of calmodulin with the phenyl-Sepharose, resulting in low recoveries of calmodulin from these tissues.	phenyl-sepharose	129-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3005224-5	1985	Calmodulin-binding proteins associated with calmodulin in crude cell extracts can prevent the interaction of calmodulin with the phenyl-Sepharose, resulting in low recoveries of calmodulin from these tissues.	phenyl-sepharose	129-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3005224-5	1985	Calmodulin-binding proteins associated with calmodulin in crude cell extracts can prevent the interaction of calmodulin with the phenyl-Sepharose, resulting in low recoveries of calmodulin from these tissues.	phenyl-sepharose	129-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
3005224-7	1985	This procedure allows the rapid and quantitative recovery of highly purified calmodulin from both cytosolic and Triton X-100-solubilized particulate fractions prepared from various rat tissues.	Octoxynol	112-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
3005224-8	1985	Calmodulin isolated in this manner can be accurately and reliably quantitated by direct protein determination with Coomassie brilliant blue dye or fluorescamine or by the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase stimulation assay.	coomassie Brilliant Blue	115-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3005224-8	1985	Calmodulin isolated in this manner can be accurately and reliably quantitated by direct protein determination with Coomassie brilliant blue dye or fluorescamine or by the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase stimulation assay.	Fluorescamine	147-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2991006-0	1985	A role for adrenaline and calmodulin in modulating cyclic AMP levels during the lactogenic cycle.	Cyclic AMP	51-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
4020681-6	1985	Aortic strip contraction induced by W-7, which has been demonstrated as a calmodulin-independent effect of this compound, was significantly smaller in rats than in rabbits, suggesting that the relaxation of rabbit aorta induced by W-7 was inhibited by its own contractile effect.	W 7	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
4020681-6	1985	Aortic strip contraction induced by W-7, which has been demonstrated as a calmodulin-independent effect of this compound, was significantly smaller in rats than in rabbits, suggesting that the relaxation of rabbit aorta induced by W-7 was inhibited by its own contractile effect.	W 7	231-234	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
4040200-0	1985	Effect of pentobarbital dependence on adenylate cyclase activity and calmodulin levels in rat cerebral cortex.	Pentobarbital	10-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
4040200-7	1985	The calmodulin levels in the particulate fraction from pentobarbital dependent animals (30.2 +/- 6.7 ng calmodulin/mg protein) did not differ significantly when compared to control (33.0 +/- 4.7 ng/mg).	Pentobarbital	55-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
4040200-8	1985	By contrast, the calmodulin levels (37.9 +/- 5.9 ng/mg) in the 20,000 X g supernatant from cortex of pentobarbital dependent animals was significantly greater than the level in the supernatant from control animals (28.6 +/- 2.6 ng/mg).	Pentobarbital	101-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
4040200-10	1985	In summary, our data show that alterations in calmodulin levels and a decreased responsivity of adenylate cyclase occur in animals physically dependent on pentobarbital.	Pentobarbital	155-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
4020681-0	1985	Pharmacological properties of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist in arterial strips from rats and rabbits.	W 7	30-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
4020681-0	1985	Pharmacological properties of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist in arterial strips from rats and rabbits.	W 7	82-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
2991006-2	1985	Adrenaline, a beta-adrenergic receptor effector, forskolin, a direct adenylate cyclase activator and fluphenazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, all produced an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP and a concomitant inhibition of lactose production.	Epinephrine	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2991006-2	1985	Adrenaline, a beta-adrenergic receptor effector, forskolin, a direct adenylate cyclase activator and fluphenazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, all produced an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP and a concomitant inhibition of lactose production.	Fluphenazine	101-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2991006-2	1985	Adrenaline, a beta-adrenergic receptor effector, forskolin, a direct adenylate cyclase activator and fluphenazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, all produced an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP and a concomitant inhibition of lactose production.	Cyclic AMP	194-204	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
2991006-3	1985	These results suggest a role for adrenaline and calmodulin in modulating cyclic AMP levels in mammary tissue during the lactogenic cycle.	Cyclic AMP	73-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
3924120-5	1985	When microsomes were isolated in the presence of 5 mM EGTA, to remove endogenous calmodulin, the same enhancing effect of Ca2+ on the acetylation reaction was observed.	Egtazic Acid	54-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
2991797-0	1985	Calmodulin inhibitors decrease the CRF-and AVP-induced ACTH release in vitro: interaction of calcium-calmodulin and the cyclic AMP system.	Cyclic AMP	120-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3924120-7	1985	Preincubation of spleen microsomes with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine decreased acetyltransferase in both the presence and the absence of Ca2+, indicating an effect of this drug independently of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	65-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
3924120-7	1985	Preincubation of spleen microsomes with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine decreased acetyltransferase in both the presence and the absence of Ca2+, indicating an effect of this drug independently of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	65-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	206-216
4010459-4	1985	In contrast, at a free calcium concentration of 4.10(-7)M, calmodulin enhanced the calcium binding to SHR membranes and the ATP-dependent calcium transport by SHR and WKY membranes.	Calcium	23-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
4010459-4	1985	In contrast, at a free calcium concentration of 4.10(-7)M, calmodulin enhanced the calcium binding to SHR membranes and the ATP-dependent calcium transport by SHR and WKY membranes.	Calcium	83-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
4010459-4	1985	In contrast, at a free calcium concentration of 4.10(-7)M, calmodulin enhanced the calcium binding to SHR membranes and the ATP-dependent calcium transport by SHR and WKY membranes.	Adenosine Triphosphate	124-127	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
4010459-4	1985	In contrast, at a free calcium concentration of 4.10(-7)M, calmodulin enhanced the calcium binding to SHR membranes and the ATP-dependent calcium transport by SHR and WKY membranes.	Calcium	83-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
4010459-5	1985	Differences in calcium binding and ATP-dependent accumulation between the two substrains were suppressed in presence of calmodulin.	Calcium	15-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
4010459-5	1985	Differences in calcium binding and ATP-dependent accumulation between the two substrains were suppressed in presence of calmodulin.	Adenosine Triphosphate	35-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
4010459-6	1985	These data demonstrate that modifications in calcium handling by SHR cardiac plasma membranes might be due to altered intracellular content or function of calmodulin in SHR.	Calcium	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
3858857-4	1985	Although the specific calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium had no effect, trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, nonspecific calmodulin inhibitors, abolished the calcium-dependent phosphorylation of receptor.	Calcium	157-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
3989726-17	1985	It is concluded that BaCl2 induces colonic secretion by the release of intracellular Ca2+, which then combines with calmodulin to activate the secretory process.	barium chloride	21-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
2409758-0	1985	Calmodulin in mast cells and its role in histamine secretion.	Histamine	41-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2409758-3	1985	Calmodulin bound to the membranes was released by heating with 0.1% Lubrol PX to 95 degrees C for 5 min.	Polidocanol	68-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2409758-8	1985	Trifluoperazine (TFP) was used as an antagonist to explore the role of calmodulin in histamine secretion.	Histamine	85-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
3971670-3	1985	Calmodulin levels in the brain were also decreased in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, but not changed significantly in the heart, aorta and kidney compared with those in Wistar-Kyoto rats.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	54-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3971670-3	1985	Calmodulin levels in the brain were also decreased in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, but not changed significantly in the heart, aorta and kidney compared with those in Wistar-Kyoto rats.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	83-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3971670-3	1985	Calmodulin levels in the brain were also decreased in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, but not changed significantly in the heart, aorta and kidney compared with those in Wistar-Kyoto rats.	Salts	89-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3971047-0	1985	Calmodulin antagonists inhibit and phorbol esters enhance transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake by immature erythroid cells.	Phorbol Esters	35-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2581165-0	1985	Progesterone-induced LHRH release in vitro is an estrogen--as well as Ca++- and calmodulin-dependent secretory process.	Progesterone	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
2581165-6	1985	These results indicate that the secretory response of LHRH to progesterone requires priming with estradiol, is Ca++-dependent and involves mediation of calmodulin and a calmodulin-dependent kinase system.	Progesterone	62-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
2581165-6	1985	These results indicate that the secretory response of LHRH to progesterone requires priming with estradiol, is Ca++-dependent and involves mediation of calmodulin and a calmodulin-dependent kinase system.	Progesterone	62-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
3977317-8	1985	The effects of calmodulin and dialysis on protein methylation are cation-dependent and substrate-specific; methylation of the Mr 29,000 was supported by Mn2+, Ca2+, and Co2+, and to a lesser degree by Mg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+.	Nickel(2+)	207-211	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3977317-8	1985	The effects of calmodulin and dialysis on protein methylation are cation-dependent and substrate-specific; methylation of the Mr 29,000 was supported by Mn2+, Ca2+, and Co2+, and to a lesser degree by Mg2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+.	Zinc	217-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
3971047-0	1985	Calmodulin antagonists inhibit and phorbol esters enhance transferrin endocytosis and iron uptake by immature erythroid cells.	Iron	86-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
3971047-1	1985	Seven antagonists of the calcium-binding protein calmodulin were found to inhibit iron and transferrin uptake by reticulocytes.	Iron	82-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3971047-5	1985	Since these substances are known to stimulate the calcium-activated enzyme protein kinase C while calmodulin antagonists are inhibitory, it is concluded that this enzyme plays an important role in the endocytosis and intracellular cycling of transferrin, and iron uptake by immature erythroid cells.	Iron	259-263	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
3978281-0	1985	Inhibitory effects of calmodulin antagonists on urinary enzyme excretion in rats after nephrotoxic doses of mercuric chloride.	Mercuric Chloride	108-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
3972173-4	1985	Moreover, measurements of the intracellular calmodulin level and cAMP-dependent kinase activity of isolated testicular germ cells or epididymal spermatozoa have shown that testosterone, administered to hypophysectomized rats as subcutaneous implants, maintains the concentration of these regulatory proteins to normal values.	Testosterone	172-184	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
2983716-2	1985	The concentration of calmodulin in this fraction is relatively high, about 1.6 micrograms/mg protein, and can not be decreased with EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	132-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
4057713-6	1985	Calmodulin antagonists of phenothiazine derivatives had a strong inhibitory effect on Ca-induced contractions, whereas they had very weak effects on the receptor-mediated contraction in Ca-free solution.	phenothiazine	26-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2982422-7	1985	A virtually identical calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity was purified from rat liver by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-Sepharose.	Sepharose	136-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
2982422-7	1985	A virtually identical calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity was purified from rat liver by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-Sepharose.	Sepharose	136-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
3994771-1	1985	The parameters of inhomogeneous broadening in the fluorescence spectra of 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate and N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, recorded in the systems with respective proteins, have been analyzed in order to shed light on the mechanism of interaction between Ca2+ ions and calmodulin, troponin C and parvalbumin.	N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine	111-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	283-293
3994771-2	1985	It was shown that only calmodulin and troponin C but not parvalbumin bind calcium ions with concomitant formation of hydrophobic sites that are responsible for interaction with the "executor enzymes".	Calcium	74-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
3994771-5	1985	It was established that trifluoroperazine and verapamil inhibit the calmodulin-dependent enzymes by essentially different mechanisms.	Trifluoperazine	24-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
3994771-5	1985	It was established that trifluoroperazine and verapamil inhibit the calmodulin-dependent enzymes by essentially different mechanisms.	Verapamil	46-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
3994771-6	1985	Trifluoroperazine diminishes the relative pool of the adsorbed probe and enhances the polarity of the calmodulin binding sites, whereas verapamil affects these parameters in the opposite direction.	Trifluoperazine	0-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
2981286-1	1985	In rat striatum, the activation of adenylate cyclase by the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, is additive with that of GTP but is not additive with that of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine-5"-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp).	Guanosine Triphosphate	130-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
2981286-1	1985	In rat striatum, the activation of adenylate cyclase by the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, is additive with that of GTP but is not additive with that of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine-5"-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp).	Guanosine Triphosphate	187-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
2981286-1	1985	In rat striatum, the activation of adenylate cyclase by the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, is additive with that of GTP but is not additive with that of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine-5"-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp).	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	199-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
2981286-1	1985	In rat striatum, the activation of adenylate cyclase by the endogenous Ca2+-binding protein, calmodulin, is additive with that of GTP but is not additive with that of the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, guanosine-5"-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp).	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	245-251	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
2981286-4	1985	Calmodulin inhibited GTP hydrolysis at concentrations of 10(-9)-10(-6) M but had no effect on the hydrolysis of 10(-5) and 10(-6) M GTP, suggesting that calmodulin inhibited a low Km GTPase activity.	Guanosine Triphosphate	21-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981286-6	1985	Maximal inhibition by calmodulin was 40% in the presence of 10(-7) M GTP.	Guanosine Triphosphate	69-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
2981286-8	1985	In five tissues tested, calmodulin inhibited GTP hydrolysis only in those tissues where it could also activate adenylate cyclase.	Guanosine Triphosphate	45-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2981286-9	1985	Calmodulin could affect the activation of adenylate cyclase by GTP in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine).	Guanosine Triphosphate	63-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981286-9	1985	Calmodulin could affect the activation of adenylate cyclase by GTP in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine).	Dopamine	86-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981286-9	1985	Calmodulin could affect the activation of adenylate cyclase by GTP in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine).	Dopamine	117-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981286-9	1985	Calmodulin could affect the activation of adenylate cyclase by GTP in the presence of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (DA, dopamine).	Dopamine	121-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981286-10	1985	Calmodulin decreased by nearly 10-fold the concentration of GTP required to provide maximal stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity by DA in the striatal membranes.	Guanosine Triphosphate	60-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2981483-0	1985	Colonic glycoprotein secretion and calmodulin-acceptor proteins in the reserpine-treated rat.	Reserpine	71-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2981483-3	1985	Furthermore, glycoprotein secretion in control tissue was stimulated by the secretagogue carbachol, and this stimulation was precluded by 10 microM trifluoperazine, the calmodulin antagonist.	Trifluoperazine	148-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
2981483-6	1985	The data suggest that the mechanism by which reserpine elicits this cystic fibrosislike, hypersecretory state of glycoprotein secretion within the colonic mucosa entails the loss of calmodulin function in the regulation of this secretory process.	Reserpine	45-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
3978309-10	1985	A calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (1-10 microM) suppressed strongly the Ca-induced contraction, but had only a weak effect on the oxytocin response in Ca-free medium.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
2992870-2	1985	Ca2+-induced conformational changes in the ABRM calmodulin could be demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by u.v.	polyacrylamide	84-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
2412934-1	1985	Cationic drugs that interact with calmodulin such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, W-7 and lidocaine caused dose-dependent release of mediator from rat mast cells.	Chlorpromazine	53-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3917874-7	1985	Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine (2 microM), napthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (2 microM), or calmidazolium (2 microM), diminished prostaglandin output elicited by angiotensin II, but not that caused by bradykinin.	Prostaglandins	140-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2412934-1	1985	Cationic drugs that interact with calmodulin such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, W-7 and lidocaine caused dose-dependent release of mediator from rat mast cells.	Trifluoperazine	69-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
2412934-1	1985	Cationic drugs that interact with calmodulin such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, W-7 and lidocaine caused dose-dependent release of mediator from rat mast cells.	W 7	86-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3917874-9	1985	Prostaglandin output induced by angiotensin II and bradykinin were inhibited by mepacrine and indomethacin, whereas, the prostaglandin output caused by exogenous arachidonic acid (33 nmol) was abolished by indomethacin but was unaltered by mepacrine, calcium antagonists, and calmodulin inhibitors.	Prostaglandins	0-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	276-286
3917874-9	1985	Prostaglandin output induced by angiotensin II and bradykinin were inhibited by mepacrine and indomethacin, whereas, the prostaglandin output caused by exogenous arachidonic acid (33 nmol) was abolished by indomethacin but was unaltered by mepacrine, calcium antagonists, and calmodulin inhibitors.	Prostaglandins	121-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	276-286
2412934-1	1985	Cationic drugs that interact with calmodulin such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, W-7 and lidocaine caused dose-dependent release of mediator from rat mast cells.	Lidocaine	94-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
3917874-9	1985	Prostaglandin output induced by angiotensin II and bradykinin were inhibited by mepacrine and indomethacin, whereas, the prostaglandin output caused by exogenous arachidonic acid (33 nmol) was abolished by indomethacin but was unaltered by mepacrine, calcium antagonists, and calmodulin inhibitors.	Arachidonic Acid	162-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	276-286
3917874-10	1985	From these data, we conclude that angiotensin II produces renal vasoconstriction by a mechanism dependent on extracellular calcium but not calmodulin, whereas angiotensin II-induced prostaglandin output depends on intracellular calcium and calmodulin.	Prostaglandins	182-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	240-250
3917874-11	1985	In contrast, bradykinin appears to stimulate prostaglandin synthesis by a calcium/calmodulin-independent mechanism.	Prostaglandins	45-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
24875110-1	1985	We have studied the concentration of calmodulin and phosphodiesterase (cAMP high Km) in five different parts of the rat central nervous system (hemispheres, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem and spinal cord) during postnatal development (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 45 days after birth).	Cyclic AMP	71-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-69
4047475-3	1985	In ethanol-tolerant animals, enhanced phosphorylation of synaptic plasma membrane but not postsynaptic density proteins was demonstrated in the presence of calcium and calmodulin.	Ethanol	3-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
24875110-4	1985	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine, inhibited phosphodiesterase activity to different degrees, depending on the structure, and age.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2865741-0	1985	Possible involvement of calmodulin in modulatory role of taurine in rat cerebral beta-adrenergic neurons.	Taurine	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
2416942-0	1985	Chlordecone inhibition of calmodulin activated calcium ATPase in rat brain synaptosomes.	Chlordecone	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
2416942-3	1985	Chlordecone inhibited Ca2+-ATPase in the absence of calmodulin with an IC50 of 10 microM, whereas chlordecone at 1.0 microM, which had no effect on the basal enzyme activity, completely inhibited the calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase.	Chlordecone	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
2416942-3	1985	Chlordecone inhibited Ca2+-ATPase in the absence of calmodulin with an IC50 of 10 microM, whereas chlordecone at 1.0 microM, which had no effect on the basal enzyme activity, completely inhibited the calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase.	Chlordecone	98-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
2416942-4	1985	Chlordecone-treated rats showed a significant reduction in calmodulin levels in brain P2 fraction.	Chlordecone	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2416942-5	1985	Brain synaptosomal Ca2+-ATPase in chlordecone-treated rats showed a 50% reduction, which was restored by exogenously added calmodulin.	Chlordecone	34-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
2416942-6	1985	These results suggest that chlordecone may be altering calmodulin-regulated synaptic processes in the brain.	Chlordecone	27-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
3974883-0	1985	Microinjection of calmodulin antibodies into cultured chromaffin cells blocks catecholamine release in response to stimulation.	chromaffin	54-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3974883-0	1985	Microinjection of calmodulin antibodies into cultured chromaffin cells blocks catecholamine release in response to stimulation.	Catecholamines	78-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
3974883-2	1985	This antibody immunoprecipitated a [35S]methionine-labelled protein from chromaffin cell extracts prepared from [35S]methionine prelabelled cells that comigrated on a sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis system with calmodulin.	Sulfur-35	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
3974883-2	1985	This antibody immunoprecipitated a [35S]methionine-labelled protein from chromaffin cell extracts prepared from [35S]methionine prelabelled cells that comigrated on a sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis system with calmodulin.	Methionine	40-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
3974883-2	1985	This antibody immunoprecipitated a [35S]methionine-labelled protein from chromaffin cell extracts prepared from [35S]methionine prelabelled cells that comigrated on a sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis system with calmodulin.	chromaffin	73-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
3974883-4	1985	Erythrocyte ghosts were used as vehicles for microinjecting either preimmune immunoglobulin G or anti-calmodulin immunoglobulin G into chromaffin cells following a polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion procedure.	Polyethylene Glycols	164-183	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
3974883-7	1985	The delivery of intact antibodies raised against calmodulin directly into the cytoplasm of cultured chromaffin cells by erythrocyte ghost-mediated microinjection, inhibited catecholamine output in response to stimulation by either acetylcholine (10(-4) M) or a depolarizing concentration of potassium (56 mM).	chromaffin	100-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3974883-7	1985	The delivery of intact antibodies raised against calmodulin directly into the cytoplasm of cultured chromaffin cells by erythrocyte ghost-mediated microinjection, inhibited catecholamine output in response to stimulation by either acetylcholine (10(-4) M) or a depolarizing concentration of potassium (56 mM).	Catecholamines	173-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3974883-7	1985	The delivery of intact antibodies raised against calmodulin directly into the cytoplasm of cultured chromaffin cells by erythrocyte ghost-mediated microinjection, inhibited catecholamine output in response to stimulation by either acetylcholine (10(-4) M) or a depolarizing concentration of potassium (56 mM).	Acetylcholine	231-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3974883-7	1985	The delivery of intact antibodies raised against calmodulin directly into the cytoplasm of cultured chromaffin cells by erythrocyte ghost-mediated microinjection, inhibited catecholamine output in response to stimulation by either acetylcholine (10(-4) M) or a depolarizing concentration of potassium (56 mM).	Potassium	291-300	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
3974883-10	1985	It therefore appears that calmodulin may play a role in the process of stimulus-secretion coupling in the chromaffin cell in culture while it is of little significance to the high affinity amine uptake mechanism.	chromaffin	106-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6239653-7	1984	In contrast, at high Mg2+ concentrations calmodulin and trifluoperazine affect the high affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity significantly and ATP is the preferred substrate.	magnesium ion	21-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
6239653-7	1984	In contrast, at high Mg2+ concentrations calmodulin and trifluoperazine affect the high affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity significantly and ATP is the preferred substrate.	Adenosine Triphosphate	102-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
6239865-9	1984	Only polyglutamate was found to mimic the action of calmodulin.	Polyglutamic Acid	5-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6100750-0	1984	Altered active sodium and calcium transport by heart sarcolemmal membranes from young spontaneously hypertensive rats: modulation by calmodulin.	Sodium	15-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
6100750-0	1984	Altered active sodium and calcium transport by heart sarcolemmal membranes from young spontaneously hypertensive rats: modulation by calmodulin.	Calcium	26-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
6100750-3	1984	At a free calcium concentration of 4 X 10(-7)M, the addition of 2 X 10(-7)M calmodulin enhanced the active Ca2+-transport more in WKY than in SHR vesicles.	Calcium	10-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
6084730-0	1984	Effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists on the oxygen uptake induced by acetylcholine or substance P in rat submandibular gland slices.	Oxygen	50-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
6084730-0	1984	Effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists on the oxygen uptake induced by acetylcholine or substance P in rat submandibular gland slices.	Acetylcholine	75-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
6236930-6	1984	An altered interaction between the calcium-calmodulin system and sodium handling by the plasma membrane in SHR may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension.	Sodium	65-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6149959-5	1984	These results suggest the possibility that both the secretion and biosynthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters stimulated by Ca2+ influx in the nervous system may be regulated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II via the phosphorylation of microtubule proteins and the phosphorylation of the monooxygenases that are the rate-limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters.	monoamine	82-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	178-188
6149223-11	1984	Using an 125I-labeled calmodulin gel overlay technique, calmodulin was shown to bind in a Ca2+-dependent fashion to 133,000- and 230,000-dalton proteins present in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction.	Iodine-125	9-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6149223-11	1984	Using an 125I-labeled calmodulin gel overlay technique, calmodulin was shown to bind in a Ca2+-dependent fashion to 133,000- and 230,000-dalton proteins present in the plasma membrane-enriched fraction.	Iodine-125	9-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
6497381-1	1984	Adenylate cyclase from rat kidney membranes solubilized with Lubrol-PX, was resolved into calmodulin-insensitive and calmodulin-sensitive forms using DEAE-Sephacel and calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	deae-sephacel	150-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6497381-1	1984	Adenylate cyclase from rat kidney membranes solubilized with Lubrol-PX, was resolved into calmodulin-insensitive and calmodulin-sensitive forms using DEAE-Sephacel and calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	deae-sephacel	150-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6497381-1	1984	Adenylate cyclase from rat kidney membranes solubilized with Lubrol-PX, was resolved into calmodulin-insensitive and calmodulin-sensitive forms using DEAE-Sephacel and calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	Sepharose	179-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6497381-1	1984	Adenylate cyclase from rat kidney membranes solubilized with Lubrol-PX, was resolved into calmodulin-insensitive and calmodulin-sensitive forms using DEAE-Sephacel and calmodulin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	Sepharose	179-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
6098542-5	1984	The enzyme activity of CT-treated rats was markedly reduced by W-7 (100 microM), calmodulin inhibitor, while that of control rats was not significantly altered by the drug.	W 7	63-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
6098542-8	1984	These results suggest that CT increases fructose 1,6-diphosphatase activity in the hepatic cytosol of rats, and that this hormonal regulation may depend on calmodulin, mediated through calcium increased in the cytosol.	Calcium	185-192	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
6497381-3	1984	The calmodulin-sensitive enzyme, approximately 10% of the recovered activity, bound to the affinity column and was eluted with buffer containing 2 mM EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	150-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6497381-7	1984	The calmodulin-mediated increase in activity was inhibited by trifluoperazine, but not by its analog trifluoperazine-5-oxide.	Trifluoperazine	62-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6497381-11	1984	The present finding of a calmodulin-sensitive form of adenylate cyclase in kidney raises the possibility that a calmodulin-mediated mechanism is involved in the formation of cAMP in this organ.	Cyclic AMP	174-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6497381-11	1984	The present finding of a calmodulin-sensitive form of adenylate cyclase in kidney raises the possibility that a calmodulin-mediated mechanism is involved in the formation of cAMP in this organ.	Cyclic AMP	174-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
6434781-7	1984	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited adhesion of MB6A cells more strongly than that of TA3 cells.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6206303-6	1984	Since these Nomarski-dense granules are positively stained by phosphine-3R, these results indicate that increased amounts of immunoreactive calmodulin appear associated with lamellar body surfaces when the cells are stimulated for secretion.	phosphine	62-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6092629-8	1984	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine inhibited secretagogue action while its sulphoxide derivative was without effect at the same concentration.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6486820-9	1984	When membrane-bound enzyme was measured with exogenous phosphatidylethanolamine, small stimulations by calmodulin were found.	phosphatidylethanolamine	55-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6468629-0	1984	Effect of the calmodulin inhibitor R24571 (calmidazolium) on rat embryos cultured in vitro.	calmidazolium	35-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6468629-0	1984	Effect of the calmodulin inhibitor R24571 (calmidazolium) on rat embryos cultured in vitro.	calmidazolium	43-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6206303-8	1984	The endogenous calmodulin present on the isolated lamellar bodies is not removed by treatment of the lamellar bodies with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N"-tetraacetic acid.	Egtazic Acid	122-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
6206303-9	1984	Using the same localization technique, we found that isolated lamellar bodies are capable of binding exogenously added calmodulin in the presence of calcium.	Calcium	149-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6528524-3	1984	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine did not affect the Vmax, S0.5 and the Hill coefficient of the enzyme.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6091497-8	1984	These blotting procedures for detection of calmodulin-binding proteins are compatible with a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis systems, including a two-dimensional electrophoresis system utilizing urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the first dimension and nonurea sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second, a system which proved useful for resolving calmodulin-binding proteins displaying anomalous electrophoretic migration in the presence of urea.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	235-257	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6091497-0	1984	Calmodulin-binding proteins: visualization by 125I-calmodulin overlay on blots quenched with Tween 20 or bovine serum albumin and poly(ethylene oxide).	Polysorbates	93-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6236290-2	1984	It has been purified 80- to 160-fold by solubilization with Triton X-100 and affinity chromatography on a calmodulin-Sepharose 4B column.	Sepharose	117-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6236290-3	1984	After reconstitution into phospholipid vesicles, the affinity-purified pump efficiently catalyzed ATP dependent Ca2+ transport, which was activated 7- to 9-fold by calmodulin.	Phospholipids	26-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
6236290-3	1984	After reconstitution into phospholipid vesicles, the affinity-purified pump efficiently catalyzed ATP dependent Ca2+ transport, which was activated 7- to 9-fold by calmodulin.	Adenosine Triphosphate	98-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
6091497-8	1984	These blotting procedures for detection of calmodulin-binding proteins are compatible with a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis systems, including a two-dimensional electrophoresis system utilizing urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the first dimension and nonurea sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second, a system which proved useful for resolving calmodulin-binding proteins displaying anomalous electrophoretic migration in the presence of urea.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	293-315	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6091497-0	1984	Calmodulin-binding proteins: visualization by 125I-calmodulin overlay on blots quenched with Tween 20 or bovine serum albumin and poly(ethylene oxide).	poly	130-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6091497-8	1984	These blotting procedures for detection of calmodulin-binding proteins are compatible with a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis systems, including a two-dimensional electrophoresis system utilizing urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the first dimension and nonurea sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second, a system which proved useful for resolving calmodulin-binding proteins displaying anomalous electrophoretic migration in the presence of urea.	Urea	288-292	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6091497-0	1984	Calmodulin-binding proteins: visualization by 125I-calmodulin overlay on blots quenched with Tween 20 or bovine serum albumin and poly(ethylene oxide).	Ethylene Oxide	135-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6091497-5	1984	Tween 20 proved highly effective for quenching nonspecific binding and for enhancing specific 125I-calmodulin binding of a 61,000-Mr rat brain protein, which was only faintly observed on blots quenched with proteins alone.	Polysorbates	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
6087124-3	1984	The observed stimulation of ADCC was abolished by calmodulin inhibitor triflouroperazine /TFP/ in 10(-6) M concentration.	triflouroperazine	71-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6087124-3	1984	The observed stimulation of ADCC was abolished by calmodulin inhibitor triflouroperazine /TFP/ in 10(-6) M concentration.	Trifluoperazine	90-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6091497-7	1984	An alternative, the combination of bovine serum albumin followed by incubation with 15,000- to 20,000-Mr poly(ethylene oxide), proved satisfactory for the recovery of 61,000-Mr calmodulin-binding activity and for the detection of calmodulin-binding peptides (50,000 to 14,000 Mr) produced by limited proteolysis of rat brain 51,000-Mr calmodulin-binding protein.	Ethylene Oxide	110-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
6732821-4	1984	Both isolated and membrane-bound phospholipase A2 were inhibited by the non-specific calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine but the inhibition was not overcome by adding calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	107-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6091497-8	1984	These blotting procedures for detection of calmodulin-binding proteins are compatible with a variety of one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoresis systems, including a two-dimensional electrophoresis system utilizing urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate in the first dimension and nonurea sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis in the second, a system which proved useful for resolving calmodulin-binding proteins displaying anomalous electrophoretic migration in the presence of urea.	Urea	226-230	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6087985-0	1984	Increase of calmodulin-stimulated striatal particulate phosphorylation response in chronic haloperidol-treated rats.	Haloperidol	91-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
6087985-4	1984	Ca2+ and calmodulin promoted the phosphate incorporation into two major striatal protein bands with estimated Mr at 52 and 40 kdaltons.	Phosphates	33-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
6087985-6	1984	Chronic treatment in rats with haloperidol (1 mg/kg, 20 days) produced a significant decrease in the Ca2+-independent phosphorylation but an increase in the extent of Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation in the striatum.	Haloperidol	31-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
6087985-9	1984	Haloperidol (10(-4) M) did not reduce the number but decreased the rate of [125I]calmodulin bindign to the striatal particulates.	Haloperidol	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
6087985-11	1984	On the other hand, the potentiated sensitivity of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in the chronic haloperidol-treated rats correlated with the supersensitive dopamine receptor responses occurred in these rats.	Haloperidol	101-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
6328535-0	1984	Effect of cAMP and calmodulin inhibitors on water absorption in rat proximal tubule.	Water	44-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6328535-5	1984	The addition of either of two compounds with affinity for calmodulin, trifluoperazine (TFP) or W-13, reversed the cAMP-induced inhibition of water absorption.	Trifluoperazine	70-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6328535-5	1984	The addition of either of two compounds with affinity for calmodulin, trifluoperazine (TFP) or W-13, reversed the cAMP-induced inhibition of water absorption.	Trifluoperazine	87-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6328535-5	1984	The addition of either of two compounds with affinity for calmodulin, trifluoperazine (TFP) or W-13, reversed the cAMP-induced inhibition of water absorption.	Cyclic AMP	114-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6328535-5	1984	The addition of either of two compounds with affinity for calmodulin, trifluoperazine (TFP) or W-13, reversed the cAMP-induced inhibition of water absorption.	Water	141-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6328535-7	1984	Analogs of TFP and W-13 with lower binding affinities for calmodulin had no effect on water absorption and did not reverse the cAMP effect.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	19-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6328535-9	1984	These results demonstrate the presence of calmodulin in the kidney of the rat and suggest that calmodulin may be involved in cAMP-associated inhibition of water and electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule of the rat.	Cyclic AMP	125-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
6328535-9	1984	These results demonstrate the presence of calmodulin in the kidney of the rat and suggest that calmodulin may be involved in cAMP-associated inhibition of water and electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule of the rat.	Cyclic AMP	125-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
6328535-9	1984	These results demonstrate the presence of calmodulin in the kidney of the rat and suggest that calmodulin may be involved in cAMP-associated inhibition of water and electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule of the rat.	Water	155-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
6328535-9	1984	These results demonstrate the presence of calmodulin in the kidney of the rat and suggest that calmodulin may be involved in cAMP-associated inhibition of water and electrolyte transport in the proximal tubule of the rat.	Water	155-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
6430720-7	1984	Cross-linking studies with 125I-labeled calmodulin further established that the two major microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2 and TAU were able to bind to calmodulin at both stages of brain development but with different intensities.	Iodine-125	27-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
6430720-7	1984	Cross-linking studies with 125I-labeled calmodulin further established that the two major microtubule-associated proteins, MAP2 and TAU were able to bind to calmodulin at both stages of brain development but with different intensities.	Iodine-125	27-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
6430720-8	1984	The labeling with 125I-labeled calmodulin was Ca2+-dependent, specific, displaced by unlabeled calmodulin and trifluoperazine.	Iodine-125	18-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
6430720-8	1984	The labeling with 125I-labeled calmodulin was Ca2+-dependent, specific, displaced by unlabeled calmodulin and trifluoperazine.	Iodine-125	18-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
6430720-8	1984	The labeling with 125I-labeled calmodulin was Ca2+-dependent, specific, displaced by unlabeled calmodulin and trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	110-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
16663631-2	1984	This protein is relatively heat stable, binds to hydrophobic gels, and phenothiazines in a calcium-dependent fashion, and binds to antibody to rat testes calmodulin.	Phenothiazines	71-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
6202500-10	1984	The first form, eluting at 0.17 M Na-acetate, hydrolyzed both cAMP and cGMP and was stimulated by Ca++ and calmodulin; the second form, eluting at 0.48 M Na-acetate, was insensitive to Ca++ or calmodulin and hydrolyzed mainly cAMP.	na-acetate	34-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
6202500-11	1984	FSH treatment markedly stimulated cAMP hydrolysis by the calmodulin-dependent first form as well as that by the second form.	Cyclic AMP	34-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
16663631-2	1984	This protein is relatively heat stable, binds to hydrophobic gels, and phenothiazines in a calcium-dependent fashion, and binds to antibody to rat testes calmodulin.	Calcium	91-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
6201383-3	1984	These disruptive effects of high intracellular calcium were retarded by chlorpromazine, a potent inhibitor of calmodulin.	Calcium	47-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6329331-4	1984	Two inhibitors of the calcium-dependent regulatory protein, calmodulin [trifluoperazine, 40 microM and 1[bis-(p-chlorophenyl)methyl] 3-[2,4-dichloro-beta-(2,4- dichlorobenzyloxy )-phenethyl]imidazolium chloride, ( R24571 ) 20 microM] significantly inhibited both cyclic AMP and progesterone production elicited by these stimulatory agents.	Trifluoperazine	72-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6329331-8	1984	These findings support our earlier suggestion that the calcium-calmodulin system plays a central role in the gonadotropic regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis and suggest that a transmembrane flux of extracellular calcium may be an important and common step in the mechanism of stimulation of granulosa cell progesterone production.	Calcium	55-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6233611-1	1984	Calmodulin was previously found to inhibit the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate, called the 87-kilodalton protein, in a crude extract prepared from rat brain synaptosomal cytosol.	Phospholipids	52-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6233611-4	1984	Calmodulin also inhibited the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of H1 histone, synapsin I, and the delta subunit of the acetylcholine receptor, with use of purified components.	Phospholipids	35-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6326677-3	1984	In addition, although calmodulin exhibits a characteristic calcium-dependent mobility shift on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a similar mobility shift is not observed for the vitamin D-dependent CaBPs.	Calcium	59-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6326677-3	1984	In addition, although calmodulin exhibits a characteristic calcium-dependent mobility shift on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a similar mobility shift is not observed for the vitamin D-dependent CaBPs.	polyacrylamide	95-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6326677-3	1984	In addition, although calmodulin exhibits a characteristic calcium-dependent mobility shift on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a similar mobility shift is not observed for the vitamin D-dependent CaBPs.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	134-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6326677-6	1984	Thus, although the vitamin D-dependent CaBPs and calmodulin are similar in that they are small, acidic, calcium-binding proteins, these two classes of proteins are biochemically and immunochemically distinct.	Vitamin D	19-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6326677-6	1984	Thus, although the vitamin D-dependent CaBPs and calmodulin are similar in that they are small, acidic, calcium-binding proteins, these two classes of proteins are biochemically and immunochemically distinct.	Calcium	104-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6201383-3	1984	These disruptive effects of high intracellular calcium were retarded by chlorpromazine, a potent inhibitor of calmodulin.	Chlorpromazine	72-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6331389-7	1984	Ca2+-sensitivity of phosphatidylinositol kinase in calmodulin-depleted secretory granules and plasma membranes was not affected by addition of exogenous calmodulin, although activity was stimulated by trifluoperazine in the presence of 0.1 microM or 40 microM-Ca2+.	Trifluoperazine	201-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6200377-11	1984	Trifluoperazine suppresses glucose-induced insulin release and the recruitment of SRIF receptors to the surface membrane, suggesting the possible role of calmodulin in promoting secretion-granule fusion with the plasma membrane.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-164
6231183-4	1984	An ATP-dependent, calmodulin-enhanced calcium transport was demonstrated in a membrane fraction of the non-parenchymal cells.	Adenosine Triphosphate	3-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6231183-4	1984	An ATP-dependent, calmodulin-enhanced calcium transport was demonstrated in a membrane fraction of the non-parenchymal cells.	Calcium	38-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6231183-6	1984	The increase in activity was completely prevented by pretreatment with or simultaneous addition of R 24571, a known calmodulin antagonist.	calmidazolium	99-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
6200377-10	1984	In contrast, trifluoperazine (10 microM), an inhibitor of calmodulin, did not suppress insulin release induced through cAMP-dependent pathways.	Trifluoperazine	13-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
6323689-0	1984	Role of calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation in chronic sulpiride-induced striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity.	Sulpiride	56-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6423810-5	1984	Calmodulin inhibitors, which inhibited the AVP-induced release of PGs in the presence of Ca++, failed to alter the renal vasoconstrictor effect of the peptide.	Prostaglandins	66-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6323689-6	1984	In vitro, pretreatment of striatal particulates with the Ca++-chelating agent ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N"-tetraacetic acid (1.2 mM) to remove endogenous Ca++ and calmodulin or the addition of Ca++ and calmodulin to the striatal particulates did not affect the binding affinities of dopamine agonists and antagonists to the receptors.	Egtazic Acid	78-142	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-231
6323689-7	1984	Therefore, the increased sensitivity of the calmodulin-dependent system seen in chronic sulpiride-treated rats correlates with the increased number of D2 receptors in striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity.	Sulpiride	88-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6230077-8	1983	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated steroidogenesis and negated the luliberin agonist effect.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6325192-1	1984	125I-calmodulin gel overlay techniques have been used to identify calmodulin-binding proteins in teleost retina, in a rod fragment preparation which contains rod inner and outer segments (RIS-ROS), and in RIS-ROS cytoskeletons.	ros	209-212	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
6325192-5	1984	RIS-ROS cytoskeletons have 3 prominent calmodulin-binding proteins migrating at 240 and 18/19 K. These proteins produce faint bands in gel overlays of intact RIS-ROS, but prominent bands in overlays of whole retina.	ris-ros	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6325192-5	1984	RIS-ROS cytoskeletons have 3 prominent calmodulin-binding proteins migrating at 240 and 18/19 K. These proteins produce faint bands in gel overlays of intact RIS-ROS, but prominent bands in overlays of whole retina.	ros	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6325192-6	1984	The 240 K protein of RIS-ROS cytoskeletons co-migrates with the 240 K calmodulin-binding subunit of rat brain fodrin.	ris-ros	21-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6699100-0	1984	Prereplicative changes in the soluble calmodulin of isoproterenol-activated rat parotid glands.	Isoproterenol	52-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6144061-4	1984	Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, decreased the K+-evoked LHRH and SRIF release in a dose-dependent manner; it was also effective in inhibiting the veratridine-induced neuropeptides release.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6144061-4	1984	Trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, decreased the K+-evoked LHRH and SRIF release in a dose-dependent manner; it was also effective in inhibiting the veratridine-induced neuropeptides release.	Veratridine	155-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6144061-5	1984	Phenytoin, a calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor, also decreased in a dose-dependent manner the K+-induced LHRH and SRIF release; the basal release of both neuropeptides remained unaffected by either treatment.	Phenytoin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6610591-2	1984	Calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine and W-7) also inhibited the mitogenic action of AH-130GF, suggesting that the Ca-calmodulin system and proteolytic processing in lysosomes are necessary for stimulation of DNA synthesis by AH-130GF after its binding to the cell surface.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6610591-2	1984	Calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine and W-7) also inhibited the mitogenic action of AH-130GF, suggesting that the Ca-calmodulin system and proteolytic processing in lysosomes are necessary for stimulation of DNA synthesis by AH-130GF after its binding to the cell surface.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6610591-2	1984	Calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine and W-7) also inhibited the mitogenic action of AH-130GF, suggesting that the Ca-calmodulin system and proteolytic processing in lysosomes are necessary for stimulation of DNA synthesis by AH-130GF after its binding to the cell surface.	W 7	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6610591-2	1984	Calmodulin inhibitors (trifluoperazine and W-7) also inhibited the mitogenic action of AH-130GF, suggesting that the Ca-calmodulin system and proteolytic processing in lysosomes are necessary for stimulation of DNA synthesis by AH-130GF after its binding to the cell surface.	W 7	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6094360-2	1984	Modulations of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and secretory capacity in both immunological and non-immunological stimulation of rat mast cells are influenced by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Cyclic AMP	15-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6094360-2	1984	Modulations of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and secretory capacity in both immunological and non-immunological stimulation of rat mast cells are influenced by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Cyclic AMP	27-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6094360-2	1984	Modulations of cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and secretory capacity in both immunological and non-immunological stimulation of rat mast cells are influenced by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	180-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
6204143-5	1984	The addition of calmodulin to microsomal fractions of SHR brain tissue resulted in a considerably diminished increase in ATP-dependent calcium accumulation.	Adenosine Triphosphate	121-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6204143-5	1984	The addition of calmodulin to microsomal fractions of SHR brain tissue resulted in a considerably diminished increase in ATP-dependent calcium accumulation.	Calcium	135-142	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6202384-0	1984	Divergent pharmacological responses to two calmodulin inhibitors, chlorpromazine and W-7, in rat pancreatic acinar cells.	Chlorpromazine	66-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6202384-0	1984	Divergent pharmacological responses to two calmodulin inhibitors, chlorpromazine and W-7, in rat pancreatic acinar cells.	W 7	85-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
6202384-1	1984	The possible role of calmodulin in exocytotic secretion is supported by the presence of this calcium-binding protein in secretory cells, and by the antisecretory effects in intact secretory cells of substances which can antagonize calmodulin-stimulated enzymes in broken cell preparations.	Calcium	93-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
6202384-2	1984	In this study, two in vitro calmodulin antagonists, W-7 and chlorpromazine, were found to produce both similar and different pharmacological effects on the secretory process in rat exocrine pancreas.	W 7	52-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6202384-2	1984	In this study, two in vitro calmodulin antagonists, W-7 and chlorpromazine, were found to produce both similar and different pharmacological effects on the secretory process in rat exocrine pancreas.	Chlorpromazine	60-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6322782-4	1984	A major calmodulin binding protein of unknown function and having Mr of 32,000 has been found in the Triton X-100 solubilizate of the inner membrane.	Octoxynol	101-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6706924-1	1984	Calmodulin is a major nerve terminal protein and a potential mediator of calcium-dependent nerve terminal functions.	Calcium	73-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6706924-2	1984	Calcium-dependent calmodulin binding has been reported in secretory membrane preparations including chromaffin granules and crude rat brain vesicles.	chromaffin	100-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
6706924-3	1984	Here we demonstrate a calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding site on cholinergic synaptic vesicles from electric organ.	Calcium	22-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
6706924-5	1984	The binding is inhibited by trifluoperazine (I50 = 8 microM) and is at least 1000-fold specific for calmodulin over troponin C. Association and dissociation rates (k = 3.1 X 10(6) M-1S-1; k-1 = 1.3 X 10(-2) S-1) are consistent with the dissociation constant measured at equilibrium.	Trifluoperazine	28-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6706924-6	1984	Intact synaptic vesicles bind to calmodulin immobilized on polyacrylamide matrix, suggesting that the binding site is cytoplasmically oriented in the vesicle population.	polyacrylamide	59-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6706924-9	1984	Binding of calmodulin to proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that a subset of nerve terminal and electric organ calmodulin-binding proteins are found in synaptic vesicles.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	47-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6706924-9	1984	Binding of calmodulin to proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that a subset of nerve terminal and electric organ calmodulin-binding proteins are found in synaptic vesicles.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	47-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
6706924-9	1984	Binding of calmodulin to proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that a subset of nerve terminal and electric organ calmodulin-binding proteins are found in synaptic vesicles.	polyacrylamide	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6705968-2	1984	The major endogenous protein substrate of the calmodulin-activated kinase activity has an apparent molecular weight of 54,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	143-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6705968-3	1984	The calmodulin-activated component of the activity was saturated at 10 microM ATP.	Adenosine Triphosphate	78-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6705968-6	1984	The addition of increasing amounts of calmodulin caused a concentration-dependent activation in the presence of calcium, which was saturable at high calmodulin concentrations.	Calcium	112-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6705968-6	1984	The addition of increasing amounts of calmodulin caused a concentration-dependent activation in the presence of calcium, which was saturable at high calmodulin concentrations.	Calcium	112-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-159
6705968-8	1984	The antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine inhibited the activation of the protein kinase activity by calmodulin, but had a negligible effect on the basal activity.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6705968-12	1984	Calmodulin-activated protein kinase phosphorylated both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues in the 54,000 mol.	Phosphoserine	56-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6705968-12	1984	Calmodulin-activated protein kinase phosphorylated both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues in the 54,000 mol.	Phosphothreonine	74-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6689699-1	1984	Calcium ion alone or in the presence of added calmodulin stimulated in vitro transfer of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP into several proteins of mitochondrial and synaptosomal particulate fractions from rat brain.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6689699-1	1984	Calcium ion alone or in the presence of added calmodulin stimulated in vitro transfer of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP into several proteins of mitochondrial and synaptosomal particulate fractions from rat brain.	Phosphorus-32	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6689699-1	1984	Calcium ion alone or in the presence of added calmodulin stimulated in vitro transfer of 32P from [gamma 32P]ATP into several proteins of mitochondrial and synaptosomal particulate fractions from rat brain.	[gamma 32p]atp	98-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6197097-0	1983	The effect of calmodulin on histamine release in the rat peritoneal mast cell.	Histamine	28-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
6197097-1	1983	To investigate the role of the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin on histamine release in the rat peritoneal mast cell, we exposed cells to exogenous calmodulin in the presence of a variety of histamine secretagogues.	Histamine	66-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
6197097-6	1983	The inhibition of histamine release by calmodulin can be explained as a labile interaction between the protein and the cell that requires externally-bound Ca2+.	Histamine	18-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6197097-7	1983	These experiments demonstrate the use of exogenous calmodulin as a probe in the study of the mechanism of histamine release.	Histamine	106-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6230077-8	1983	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated steroidogenesis and negated the luliberin agonist effect.	22-hydroxycholesterol	51-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6664499-10	1983	The phenothiazines, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine and chlorpromazine were found to inhibit the Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activities of both the chick and rat synaptic membranes.	Phenothiazines	4-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6318494-7	1983	These results suggest that the increase in microsomal glucose-6-phosphatase activity of rat liver mediated by cellular calcium following CT administration may partly depend on calmodulin.	Calcium	119-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
6317498-3	1983	Treatment of cells with the anti-calmodulin drug W13 inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose release, whereas a small effect on insulin accumulation in the media was observed with W12, the dechlorinated, less active analogue of W13.	Glucose	82-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6317841-13	1983	The calmodulin blockers trifluoperazine and W-7 likewise produced vasodilation; trifluoperazine being 12.5 times more potent against NE-induced vasoconstriction.	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6317841-13	1983	The calmodulin blockers trifluoperazine and W-7 likewise produced vasodilation; trifluoperazine being 12.5 times more potent against NE-induced vasoconstriction.	Trifluoperazine	80-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6664499-10	1983	The phenothiazines, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine and chlorpromazine were found to inhibit the Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activities of both the chick and rat synaptic membranes.	Trifluoperazine	20-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6664499-10	1983	The phenothiazines, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine and chlorpromazine were found to inhibit the Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activities of both the chick and rat synaptic membranes.	Fluphenazine	37-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6664499-10	1983	The phenothiazines, trifluoperazine, fluphenazine and chlorpromazine were found to inhibit the Ca2+-dependent, calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activities of both the chick and rat synaptic membranes.	Chlorpromazine	54-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6664499-11	1983	This inhibition appeared to be specific for calmodulin because at the same concentrations the phenothiazine analogue, chlorpromazine-sulfoxide, had no effect on this activity.	phenothiazine	94-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6664499-11	1983	This inhibition appeared to be specific for calmodulin because at the same concentrations the phenothiazine analogue, chlorpromazine-sulfoxide, had no effect on this activity.	opromazine	118-142	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6664499-12	1983	Also found to inhibit Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-requiring protein kinase activity were dibucaine and adrenocorticotropin.	Dibucaine	87-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	trifluoperizine	238-253	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6319206-11	1983	Calmodulin was eluted after the peak of cGMP-PDE activity.	Cyclic GMP	40-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6139931-0	1983	Effects of trifluoperazine on beta-adrenergic responses of rat papillary muscle: related to calmodulin?	Trifluoperazine	11-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
6139931-3	1983	We tested this possibility by studying interferences of trifluoperazine (which is able to block Ca++-calmodulin) with beta-adrenergic responses in rat heart papillary muscles.	Trifluoperazine	56-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6197128-6	1983	Calmodulin inhibitors, phenothiazines, R24571 and mepacrine, inhibited the histamine release induced by either calcium or lanthanides.	Quinacrine	50-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6197128-6	1983	Calmodulin inhibitors, phenothiazines, R24571 and mepacrine, inhibited the histamine release induced by either calcium or lanthanides.	Histamine	75-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6197128-6	1983	Calmodulin inhibitors, phenothiazines, R24571 and mepacrine, inhibited the histamine release induced by either calcium or lanthanides.	Calcium	111-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6197128-6	1983	Calmodulin inhibitors, phenothiazines, R24571 and mepacrine, inhibited the histamine release induced by either calcium or lanthanides.	Lanthanoid Series Elements	122-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6197128-7	1983	Zn2+, a calmodulin inhibitor transported by A23187, inhibited more potently the calcium-dependent histamine release.	Zinc	0-4	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6197128-7	1983	Zn2+, a calmodulin inhibitor transported by A23187, inhibited more potently the calcium-dependent histamine release.	Calcimycin	44-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6197128-7	1983	Zn2+, a calmodulin inhibitor transported by A23187, inhibited more potently the calcium-dependent histamine release.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6197128-7	1983	Zn2+, a calmodulin inhibitor transported by A23187, inhibited more potently the calcium-dependent histamine release.	Histamine	98-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6197128-9	1983	These data show that ionophore A23187 can transport lanthanides across the plasma membrane of mast cells, allowing the trivalent cations to substitute for calcium in the activation of calmodulin or calmoduline-like proteins.	Calcimycin	31-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
6197128-9	1983	These data show that ionophore A23187 can transport lanthanides across the plasma membrane of mast cells, allowing the trivalent cations to substitute for calcium in the activation of calmodulin or calmoduline-like proteins.	Lanthanoid Series Elements	52-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
6197128-9	1983	These data show that ionophore A23187 can transport lanthanides across the plasma membrane of mast cells, allowing the trivalent cations to substitute for calcium in the activation of calmodulin or calmoduline-like proteins.	Calcium	155-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
6619194-7	1983	When 125I-calmodulin-binding proteins from the CaM-PK fraction were identified using electrophoretic transfers of SDS-polyacrylamide gels, a single Mr 51,000 protein was labeled.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	114-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6619194-7	1983	When 125I-calmodulin-binding proteins from the CaM-PK fraction were identified using electrophoretic transfers of SDS-polyacrylamide gels, a single Mr 51,000 protein was labeled.	polyacrylamide	118-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6619194-8	1983	The preparation enriched in CaM-PK activity contained an Mr 51,000 protein that underwent phosphorylation in a calcium-calmodulin-dependent manner and an Mr 51,000 calmodulin-binding protein.	Calcium	111-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6619875-0	1983	Calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive components of adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum have differential responsiveness to guanyl nucleotides.	guanyl nucleotides	141-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6619875-0	1983	Calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive components of adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum have differential responsiveness to guanyl nucleotides.	guanyl nucleotides	141-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
6619875-2	1983	We found that the ability of calmodulin to stimulate adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanyl nucleotides depends upon the type and concentration of the guanyl nucleotide.	guanyl nucleotides	90-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6619875-2	1983	We found that the ability of calmodulin to stimulate adenylate cyclase in the presence of guanyl nucleotides depends upon the type and concentration of the guanyl nucleotide.	guanyl nucleotide	90-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6619875-4	1983	On the contrary, when the activating guanyl nucleotide was the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, guanosine-5"-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp), calmodulin could further activate adenylate cyclase only at concentrations less than 0.2 microM GppNHp.	guanyl nucleotide	37-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
6619875-4	1983	On the contrary, when the activating guanyl nucleotide was the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, guanosine-5"-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp), calmodulin could further activate adenylate cyclase only at concentrations less than 0.2 microM GppNHp.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	94-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
6619875-4	1983	On the contrary, when the activating guanyl nucleotide was the nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, guanosine-5"-(beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (GppNHp), calmodulin could further activate adenylate cyclase only at concentrations less than 0.2 microM GppNHp.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	244-250	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
6619875-6	1983	The component with the higher affinity for GppNHp was competitively stimulated by calmodulin.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	43-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
6358462-1	1983	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin and calmodulin-directed secretion, was used to examine a possible role of calmodulin in renin secretion from isolated perfused kidneys and renal cortical cells.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6358462-1	1983	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin and calmodulin-directed secretion, was used to examine a possible role of calmodulin in renin secretion from isolated perfused kidneys and renal cortical cells.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
6358462-1	1983	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin and calmodulin-directed secretion, was used to examine a possible role of calmodulin in renin secretion from isolated perfused kidneys and renal cortical cells.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	trifluoperizine	238-253	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	Pimozide	255-263	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	Pimozide	255-263	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	calmidazolium	268-274	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6626233-2	1983	The activity of the enzyme on the coated vesicles and Golgi apparatus but not that of endoplasmic reticulum is stimulated by calmodulin and is inhibited by three different drugs which are known inhibitors of calmodulin function including trifluoperizine, pimozide and R24571.	calmidazolium	268-274	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
6410000-0	1983	Role of calmodulin in the effect of guanyl nucleotides on rat hippocampal adenylate cyclase: involvement of adenosine and opiates.	guanyl nucleotides	36-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
6619713-3	1983	A number of phenothiazines showed a close correlation of potencies in the two systems, as did the more specific calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W7), suggesting that calmodulin may be involved in the control of prolactin secretion.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide	135-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
6619713-3	1983	A number of phenothiazines showed a close correlation of potencies in the two systems, as did the more specific calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide (W7), suggesting that calmodulin may be involved in the control of prolactin secretion.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulphonamide	135-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-220
6410000-9	1983	Calcium-calmodulin-depleted membranes lack calcium stimulation as well as GppNHp-induced inhibition, whereas untreated membranes and calcium-calmodulin-depleted membranes plus exogenous calcium-calmodulin showed calcium stimulation and GppNHp inhibition.	Calcium	133-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
6410000-9	1983	Calcium-calmodulin-depleted membranes lack calcium stimulation as well as GppNHp-induced inhibition, whereas untreated membranes and calcium-calmodulin-depleted membranes plus exogenous calcium-calmodulin showed calcium stimulation and GppNHp inhibition.	Calcium	133-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
6410000-10	1983	These results suggest that calmodulin is involved in both Ca2+ stimulation and guanine nucleotide-mediated inhibition of rat hippocampal adenylate cyclase.	Guanine Nucleotides	79-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6310304-2	1983	It is well known that some of these drugs, including pimozide and the phenothiazines, are inhibitors of calmodulin activity.	Pimozide	53-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
6310304-2	1983	It is well known that some of these drugs, including pimozide and the phenothiazines, are inhibitors of calmodulin activity.	Phenothiazines	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
6355079-1	1983	The production of anti-calmodulin antibodies in rabbit was examined with the use of performic acid-oxidized calmodulin from bovine brain or an emulsion of native calmodulin and methylated bovine serum albumin as the antigen.	peroxyformic acid	84-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
6633821-5	1983	This effect of trifluoperazine did not appear to be due to the known membrane stabilising effects of the drug, but appeared more likely to be due to the calmodulin-inhibiting effect of the drug.	Trifluoperazine	15-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
6615435-0	1983	Polyamines inhibit phospholipid-sensitive and calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinases.	Polyamines	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Phospholipids	23-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Polyamines	211-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Spermine	274-282	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	1,12-dodecamethylenediamine	285-306	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Spermidine	320-330	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	1,10-diaminodecane	333-352	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Cadaverine	371-381	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-2	1983	It was found that both phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase) were inhibited to different degrees by polyamines, with an approximate order of inhibitory potency of spermine = 1, 12-diaminododecane greater than spermidine = 1, 10-diaminodecane much greater than cadaverine = putrescine.	Putrescine	384-394	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
6615435-3	1983	Kinetic analysis revealed that spermine inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.84 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.90 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.82 mM) and calmodulin (Ki = 2.73 mM).	Spermine	31-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	279-289
6615435-3	1983	Kinetic analysis revealed that spermine inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.84 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.90 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.82 mM) and calmodulin (Ki = 2.73 mM).	Phospholipids	54-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	279-289
6615435-4	1983	1, 12-Diaminododecane, in comparison, inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.45 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.50 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase competitively with respect to calmodulin (Ki = 0.63 mM) but non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.49 mM).	1,12-dodecamethylenediamine	0-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
6615435-4	1983	1, 12-Diaminododecane, in comparison, inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.45 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.50 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase competitively with respect to calmodulin (Ki = 0.63 mM) but non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.49 mM).	Phospholipids	52-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
6615435-4	1983	1, 12-Diaminododecane, in comparison, inhibited the phospholipid-sensitive enzyme competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 0.45 mM) and phosphatidylserine (Ki = 0.50 mM); it also inhibited myosin light-chain kinase competitively with respect to calmodulin (Ki = 0.63 mM) but non-competitively with respect to Ca2+ (Ki = 1.49 mM).	Phosphatidylserines	136-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
6615435-5	1983	Moreover, spermine (0.5 mM) was found to inhibit markedly phosphatidylserine/Ca2+- and calmodulin/Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation of endogenous proteins in rat brain particulate fraction.	Spermine	10-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
6315208-5	1983	Km and EGTA results suggest that calcium-bound calmodulin does not account for the higher PDE activity in the hearts of exercised rats.	Calcium	33-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
6616224-1	1983	The growth inhibitory activity of calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine (TFP), was analyzed by the use of rat fetal glioblasts stimulated by glia maturation factor (GMF) or rat astrocytoma cells (C6).	W 7	57-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6616224-1	1983	The growth inhibitory activity of calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) and trifluoperazine (TFP), was analyzed by the use of rat fetal glioblasts stimulated by glia maturation factor (GMF) or rat astrocytoma cells (C6).	Trifluoperazine	118-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
6865927-1	1983	The calmodulin inhibitors R24571 and trifluoperazine were found to inhibit competitively the binding of [3H]nitrendipine to a 48,000 X g particulate fraction of rat brain with IC50 values of 1.0 and 18.8 microM, respectively.	calmidazolium	26-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6311250-1	1983	Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, one of the major calmodulin-binding proteins in bovine brain, dephosphorylates casein with a specific activity of 15 nmol mg-1 min-1 at 30 degrees C. The stimulation of phosphatase activity by calmodulin is reversed by ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid or trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist.	Egtazic Acid	261-331	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6311250-1	1983	Calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, one of the major calmodulin-binding proteins in bovine brain, dephosphorylates casein with a specific activity of 15 nmol mg-1 min-1 at 30 degrees C. The stimulation of phosphatase activity by calmodulin is reversed by ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid or trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist.	Trifluoperazine	335-350	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6863982-3	1983	Epidermal calmodulin demonstrated a Mr of 17,000 on gel permeation chromatography and migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band at the same location as rat testes calmodulin.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	98-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6863982-3	1983	Epidermal calmodulin demonstrated a Mr of 17,000 on gel permeation chromatography and migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band at the same location as rat testes calmodulin.	Urea	121-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6863982-3	1983	Epidermal calmodulin demonstrated a Mr of 17,000 on gel permeation chromatography and migrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a single band at the same location as rat testes calmodulin.	polyacrylamide	126-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6865927-3	1983	At dihydropyridine concentrations near the limit of solubility (10 microM), the only significant effect in these three binding experiments was a 26% inhibition of [14C]pimozide binding to calmodulin by nicardipine, indicating that the dihydropyridines do not bind to the same site on calmodulin as chlorpromazine, pimozide, or calcium.	Pimozide	168-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
6865927-4	1983	Equilibrium dialysis was also used to determine the ability of the dihydropyridines to interact directly with calmodulin.	Dihydropyridines	67-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6865927-1	1983	The calmodulin inhibitors R24571 and trifluoperazine were found to inhibit competitively the binding of [3H]nitrendipine to a 48,000 X g particulate fraction of rat brain with IC50 values of 1.0 and 18.8 microM, respectively.	Trifluoperazine	37-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6865927-5	1983	[3H] Nitrendipine bound to calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner; however, this binding was of a low-affinity, unsaturable nature.	Tritium	1-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6865927-1	1983	The calmodulin inhibitors R24571 and trifluoperazine were found to inhibit competitively the binding of [3H]nitrendipine to a 48,000 X g particulate fraction of rat brain with IC50 values of 1.0 and 18.8 microM, respectively.	[3h]nitrendipine	104-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6865927-5	1983	[3H] Nitrendipine bound to calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner; however, this binding was of a low-affinity, unsaturable nature.	Nitrendipine	5-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6865927-5	1983	[3H] Nitrendipine bound to calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner; however, this binding was of a low-affinity, unsaturable nature.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6865927-2	1983	Equilibrium dialysis was used to test the ability of the dihydropyridines nitrendipine, felodipine, and nicardipine to inhibit the binding of [3H]chlorpromazine, [14C]pimozide, and 45Ca2+ to calmodulin.	Dihydropyridines	57-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
6865927-2	1983	Equilibrium dialysis was used to test the ability of the dihydropyridines nitrendipine, felodipine, and nicardipine to inhibit the binding of [3H]chlorpromazine, [14C]pimozide, and 45Ca2+ to calmodulin.	Nitrendipine	74-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
6865927-2	1983	Equilibrium dialysis was used to test the ability of the dihydropyridines nitrendipine, felodipine, and nicardipine to inhibit the binding of [3H]chlorpromazine, [14C]pimozide, and 45Ca2+ to calmodulin.	Felodipine	88-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
6865927-2	1983	Equilibrium dialysis was used to test the ability of the dihydropyridines nitrendipine, felodipine, and nicardipine to inhibit the binding of [3H]chlorpromazine, [14C]pimozide, and 45Ca2+ to calmodulin.	Nicardipine	104-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
6865927-3	1983	At dihydropyridine concentrations near the limit of solubility (10 microM), the only significant effect in these three binding experiments was a 26% inhibition of [14C]pimozide binding to calmodulin by nicardipine, indicating that the dihydropyridines do not bind to the same site on calmodulin as chlorpromazine, pimozide, or calcium.	[14c]pimozide	163-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
6865927-3	1983	At dihydropyridine concentrations near the limit of solubility (10 microM), the only significant effect in these three binding experiments was a 26% inhibition of [14C]pimozide binding to calmodulin by nicardipine, indicating that the dihydropyridines do not bind to the same site on calmodulin as chlorpromazine, pimozide, or calcium.	Nicardipine	202-213	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
6305948-4	1983	In addition, both enzymes were strongly inhibited by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and antiserum against brain calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	53-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6305948-4	1983	In addition, both enzymes were strongly inhibited by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and antiserum against brain calmodulin.	Chlorpromazine	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6877667-0	1983	Calmodulin antagonists inhibit adenosine uptake by rat brain cortical synaptosomes.	Adenosine	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6877667-1	1983	The purpose of these experiments was to determine if the adenosine uptake process in brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin.	Adenosine	57-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-130
6877667-5	1983	It is therefore concluded that the adenosine uptake process in rat brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin or a calmodulin-like protein.	Adenosine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
6877667-5	1983	It is therefore concluded that the adenosine uptake process in rat brain synaptosomes is regulated by calmodulin or a calmodulin-like protein.	Adenosine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
6310258-7	1983	Trifluoperazine (TFP, 3-300 microM) a potent inactivator of calmodulin, did not interfere with the action of PGF2 alpha.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
6851935-4	1983	Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylations of a cytosol protein, mol wt, 95,000, and of three nuclear proteins in the mol wt range of 50,000-60,000, were established by demonstrating: Ca2+ requirement; inhibition by the phenothiazine derivative chlorpromazine; and dependence upon addition of exogenous calmodulin to the calmodulin-depleted cytosol, or to the nuclear extract.	phenothiazine	215-228	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6310258-8	1983	The effect of LH was increased by TFP (30 and 300 microM); this was probably due to inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, since the increase of the response to LH by IBMX (0.5 mM) plus TFP (30 microM) was similar to that by IBMX alone.	Luteinizing Hormone	14-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6310258-8	1983	The effect of LH was increased by TFP (30 and 300 microM); this was probably due to inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, since the increase of the response to LH by IBMX (0.5 mM) plus TFP (30 microM) was similar to that by IBMX alone.	Luteinizing Hormone	176-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6310258-8	1983	The effect of LH was increased by TFP (30 and 300 microM); this was probably due to inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, since the increase of the response to LH by IBMX (0.5 mM) plus TFP (30 microM) was similar to that by IBMX alone.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	182-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6310258-8	1983	The effect of LH was increased by TFP (30 and 300 microM); this was probably due to inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase, since the increase of the response to LH by IBMX (0.5 mM) plus TFP (30 microM) was similar to that by IBMX alone.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	240-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
6851935-4	1983	Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylations of a cytosol protein, mol wt, 95,000, and of three nuclear proteins in the mol wt range of 50,000-60,000, were established by demonstrating: Ca2+ requirement; inhibition by the phenothiazine derivative chlorpromazine; and dependence upon addition of exogenous calmodulin to the calmodulin-depleted cytosol, or to the nuclear extract.	Chlorpromazine	240-254	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6854332-5	1983	Trifluoperazine, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited both Ca2+ influx and ACh release induced by the depolarizing agents.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6854332-5	1983	Trifluoperazine, a potent calmodulin antagonist, inhibited both Ca2+ influx and ACh release induced by the depolarizing agents.	Acetylcholine	80-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6854332-6	1983	Inhibitory potencies of the two drugs on ACh release and Ca2+ influx were compared with the antagonism of calmodulin by two drugs, suggesting that the inhibition of depolarization-induced Ca2+ influx and ACh release by these drugs could not be explained by the antagonism of calmodulin.	Acetylcholine	204-207	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6307278-1	1983	The calmodulin-dependent cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) activity of rat pancreas was purified 280-fold by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-Sepharose 4B.	Sepharose	189-198	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6404633-10	1983	The addition of EGTA in the membrane-washing solution results in decrease of the membrane-found pool calmodulin up to 0.01 mumol/l of cells (membranes B).	Egtazic Acid	16-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
6404633-13	1983	The effect of EGTA treatment (membranes B) on the affinity of Ca-pump to Ca is abolished after addition of micromolar concentrations of calmodulin or millimolar concentration of EGTA in the incubation medium.	Egtazic Acid	14-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
6404633-14	1983	The increase of EGTA concentration in the incubation medium results in decrease of the affinity of Ca-pump to calmodulin.	Egtazic Acid	16-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
6404633-19	1983	(b) The tightly bound pool of calmodulin which is removed by EGTA treatment determines the affinity of Ca-pump to Ca.	Egtazic Acid	61-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
6307278-8	1983	Upon addition of calmodulin, both enzymes displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and a 5-9-fold increase in maximal velocity, at physiological concentrations of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP.	Cyclic GMP	158-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
6192391-5	1983	R24571, a more potent calmodulin antagonist, also failed to inhibit amylase release induced by N6,O2"-dibutyryl adenosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate but increased basal amylase release.	calmidazolium	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
6307278-8	1983	Upon addition of calmodulin, both enzymes displayed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and a 5-9-fold increase in maximal velocity, at physiological concentrations of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	173-183	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
6192391-6	1983	A different calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, partially inhibited release while 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) completely blocked the amylase release induced by the cyclic AMP derivative.	W 7	35-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
6192391-6	1983	A different calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, partially inhibited release while 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) completely blocked the amylase release induced by the cyclic AMP derivative.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	188-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
6192391-6	1983	A different calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, partially inhibited release while 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) completely blocked the amylase release induced by the cyclic AMP derivative.	Cyclic AMP	249-259	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
6192391-7	1983	However, concentrations of TMB-8 inhibiting amylase release drastically reduced the ATP concentration of rat parotid minces, suggesting that the inhibition of secretion was due to toxic effects of TMB-8 on parotid cells rather than the ability of the compound to antagonize calmodulin.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	27-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-284
6295744-5	1983	In addition, calmodulin stimulated the hydrolysis by Peak I of 3",5"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate.	3",5"-cyclic guanosine monophosphate	63-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6403536-0	1983	Ca2+.Calmodulin-dependent release of arachidonic acid for renal medullary prostaglandin synthesis.	Arachidonic Acid	37-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
6403536-0	1983	Ca2+.Calmodulin-dependent release of arachidonic acid for renal medullary prostaglandin synthesis.	Prostaglandins	74-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride	26-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	W 7	93-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Prostaglandins E	169-184	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Arachidonic Acid	194-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Prostaglandins	169-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Phospholipids	258-271	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Diglycerides	301-312	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6403536-3	1983	The calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7) (10-100 microM) abolished or suppressed Ca++-stimulated immunoreactive prostaglandin E, labeled arachidonate and prostaglandin release, and the fall in labeled phospholipids but did not suppress labeled diglyceride or inositol accumulation.	Inositol	316-324	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6303518-10	1983	The results in the latter study suggest that calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase may be already present in the earlier postnatal ages of the rat brain, while the beta-adrenergic receptor and guanine nucleotide regulatory unit, both of which are required for a hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase, may sharply increase in the second postnatal week.	Guanine Nucleotides	194-212	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
6187563-8	1983	These results suggest that the calcium-calmodulin system inhibits renin release and that renin release is regulated by a mechanism different from the calcium-stimulated exocytotic mechanism by which many hormones are released.	Calcium	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
6303354-5	1983	Evidence is presented to show that the stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase by calcium is modulated by the regulatory protein calmodulin.	Calcium	72-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
6834039-3	1983	The calmodulin of the anterior pituitary gland co-migrated with brain calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	84-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6834039-3	1983	The calmodulin of the anterior pituitary gland co-migrated with brain calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	84-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6834039-3	1983	The calmodulin of the anterior pituitary gland co-migrated with brain calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	polyacrylamide	107-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6834039-3	1983	The calmodulin of the anterior pituitary gland co-migrated with brain calmodulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	polyacrylamide	107-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6834039-5	1983	Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, calmodulin-interacting agents, inhibited enzyme activity, with Ki values of 1.3 and 2.6 X 10(-5) M, respectively.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
6834039-5	1983	Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine, calmodulin-interacting agents, inhibited enzyme activity, with Ki values of 1.3 and 2.6 X 10(-5) M, respectively.	Chlorpromazine	20-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
6866721-3	1983	It is suggested that the decrease of the rate of calmodulin-dependent calcium transport across the plasma membrane may be a cause for the increased intracellular calcium content found in some tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats in previous studies.	Calcium	70-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6866721-3	1983	It is suggested that the decrease of the rate of calmodulin-dependent calcium transport across the plasma membrane may be a cause for the increased intracellular calcium content found in some tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats in previous studies.	Calcium	162-169	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
6682691-3	1983	Calmodulin, GTP, guanyl 5"-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp (NH) p) and forskolin did not change the inhibition, but activities stimulated by NaF or Mn2+ were more resistant for the inhibition.	Sodium Fluoride	134-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6682691-3	1983	Calmodulin, GTP, guanyl 5"-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp (NH) p) and forskolin did not change the inhibition, but activities stimulated by NaF or Mn2+ were more resistant for the inhibition.	Manganese(2+)	141-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6133328-0	1983	Calmodulin levels and divalent cation pump activities in kidneys of streptozotocin-diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	68-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6826721-2	1983	Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic drug that binds to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited myocardial contraction.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6826721-2	1983	Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic drug that binds to calmodulin, reversibly inhibited myocardial contraction.	Trifluoperazine	17-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6856027-1	1983	Acute opiate administration in vivo increases the level of cytoplasmic calmodulin in isolated rat brain synaptosomes.	Opiate Alkaloids	6-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
6572367-3	1983	The calmodulin dependence of these effects was confirmed by using the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	91-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6572367-3	1983	The calmodulin dependence of these effects was confirmed by using the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	91-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6313198-5	1983	After administration of 17 beta-estradiol, similar time-dependent changes were observed in the localization of cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase and calmodulin in all uterine cell types.	Estradiol	24-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
6291923-3	1983	The binding of calcium to calmodulin and the activation of calmodulin-dependent enzymes have been suggested to be important steps during stimulus-secretion coupling in various cells.	Calcium	15-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
6291923-3	1983	The binding of calcium to calmodulin and the activation of calmodulin-dependent enzymes have been suggested to be important steps during stimulus-secretion coupling in various cells.	Calcium	15-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6291923-4	1983	In the present work we investigated the in vitro effect of penfluridol, a potent neuroleptic that also possesses the ability to inhibit calmodulin"s biological activity, on basal and stimulated PRL release.	Penfluridol	59-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
6291923-10	1983	The site of action of penfluridol may occur after calcium mobilization, with calmodulin a possible target for penfluridol"s inhibitory action on PRL secretion.	Penfluridol	110-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
6188703-0	1983	Cyclic AMP levels during stimulation and inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Cyclic AMP	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6188703-0	1983	Cyclic AMP levels during stimulation and inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Histamine	55-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6188703-0	1983	Cyclic AMP levels during stimulation and inhibition of histamine release from rat mast cells by the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	121-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
6188703-1	1983	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine represses compound 48/80-induced histamine release.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6188703-1	1983	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine represses compound 48/80-induced histamine release.	Histamine	74-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6841326-4	1983	The particulate calmodulin in the hepatoma and normal liver cells was assayed based on its ability to activate calmodulin-deficient phosphodiesterase after partial purification of calmodulin from the particulate fractions by solubilization with LIS and extraction with phenol as described above.	Phenol	269-275	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	Cyclic CMP	70-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	lanthanum(3+)	249-253	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	magnesium ion	255-259	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	Manganese(2+)	261-265	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	Zinc	267-271	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6305741-8	1983	The enzyme had a pH optimal value of about 7.0 and an apparent Km for cCMP about 2.8 mM; its activity was slightly affected by the presence of calmodulin (100 micrograms/ml) and/or CaCl2 (100 microM), but showed variable responses to other cations (La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Na+ and K+).	ammonium ferrous sulfate	273-277	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
6841326-2	1983	Calmodulin bound to the particulate fractions of the hepatoma and normal liver cells was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure which involves solubilization of the particulate fractions with LIS, extraction of the solubilized solution with 37.5% phenol, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Fluphenazine-Sepharose.	Lithium	215-218	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6841326-2	1983	Calmodulin bound to the particulate fractions of the hepatoma and normal liver cells was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure which involves solubilization of the particulate fractions with LIS, extraction of the solubilized solution with 37.5% phenol, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Fluphenazine-Sepharose.	Phenol	270-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6841326-2	1983	Calmodulin bound to the particulate fractions of the hepatoma and normal liver cells was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure which involves solubilization of the particulate fractions with LIS, extraction of the solubilized solution with 37.5% phenol, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Fluphenazine-Sepharose.	Fluphenazine	325-337	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6841326-5	1983	In addition, the particulate calmodulin content in the hepatoma and normal liver cells was also measured after solubilization of the particulate fractions with Lubrol PX.	Polidocanol	160-169	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
6841326-2	1983	Calmodulin bound to the particulate fractions of the hepatoma and normal liver cells was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by a simple procedure which involves solubilization of the particulate fractions with LIS, extraction of the solubilized solution with 37.5% phenol, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on Fluphenazine-Sepharose.	Sepharose	338-347	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6841326-4	1983	The particulate calmodulin in the hepatoma and normal liver cells was assayed based on its ability to activate calmodulin-deficient phosphodiesterase after partial purification of calmodulin from the particulate fractions by solubilization with LIS and extraction with phenol as described above.	Lithium	245-248	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6818992-4	1982	Trifluoperazine, which was used to investigate the role of calmodulin, was found to block the adrenalin-induced K+ efflux but not the A23187/Ca2+-induced K+ efflux.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
6336784-3	1983	The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effects of trifluoperazine, an inactivator of Ca-calmodulin, on renin secretion of rat kidney slices.	Trifluoperazine	65-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6306233-14	1983	The specific calmodulin inhibitors such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and W-7 markedly inhibited lipolysis induced by each agonist.	Chlorpromazine	43-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6306233-14	1983	The specific calmodulin inhibitors such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and W-7 markedly inhibited lipolysis induced by each agonist.	Trifluoperazine	59-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6306233-14	1983	The specific calmodulin inhibitors such as chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine and W-7 markedly inhibited lipolysis induced by each agonist.	W 7	79-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6306233-15	1983	These results strongly support the possible key role that the redistribution and influx of Ca2+ may play in lipolysis induced by epinephrine, norepinephrine, caffeine and ACTH, and further suggest that calmodulin may affect lipolysis.	Norepinephrine	142-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
6306233-15	1983	These results strongly support the possible key role that the redistribution and influx of Ca2+ may play in lipolysis induced by epinephrine, norepinephrine, caffeine and ACTH, and further suggest that calmodulin may affect lipolysis.	Caffeine	158-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
6188646-0	1983	Effects of calmodulin inhibitor on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by concanavalin A and ionophore A23187.	Histamine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6188646-0	1983	Effects of calmodulin inhibitor on histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by concanavalin A and ionophore A23187.	Calcimycin	124-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
6188646-1	1983	The involvement of calmodulin in stimulus-secretion coupling of histamine release from rat mast cells was examined using a specific calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide].	Histamine	64-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6188646-1	1983	The involvement of calmodulin in stimulus-secretion coupling of histamine release from rat mast cells was examined using a specific calmodulin inhibitor, W-7 [N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide].	w-7 [n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	154-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
6188646-4	1983	It is concluded that W-7 modulates histamine release by inhibiting some functions of calmodulin in the cells.	W 7	21-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6188646-4	1983	It is concluded that W-7 modulates histamine release by inhibiting some functions of calmodulin in the cells.	Histamine	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6816295-5	1982	Calmodulin in incubations at low KCl concentrations increased the enzyme activity at all Ca2+ concentrations tested.	Potassium Chloride	33-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6816295-6	1982	In incubations conducted at physiologic KCl concentrations, both the inhibitory and stimulatory responses to Ca2+ were shifted by calmodulin to lower respective concentrations of the cation, without significant change occurring in the maximal rate of enzymic activity at optimal free Ca2+ X Mg2+ concentrations in the incubation also influenced the Ca2+ concentration dependence of adenylate cyclase; at high Mg2+ more Ca2+ was required to obtain maximal activity.	Potassium Chloride	40-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
6816295-6	1982	In incubations conducted at physiologic KCl concentrations, both the inhibitory and stimulatory responses to Ca2+ were shifted by calmodulin to lower respective concentrations of the cation, without significant change occurring in the maximal rate of enzymic activity at optimal free Ca2+ X Mg2+ concentrations in the incubation also influenced the Ca2+ concentration dependence of adenylate cyclase; at high Mg2+ more Ca2+ was required to obtain maximal activity.	magnesium ion	291-295	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
7162344-4	1982	Calmodulin seemed to be transported from membranes to cytosol of striatal synaptosomes from morphine tolerant rats.	Morphine	92-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6816295-6	1982	In incubations conducted at physiologic KCl concentrations, both the inhibitory and stimulatory responses to Ca2+ were shifted by calmodulin to lower respective concentrations of the cation, without significant change occurring in the maximal rate of enzymic activity at optimal free Ca2+ X Mg2+ concentrations in the incubation also influenced the Ca2+ concentration dependence of adenylate cyclase; at high Mg2+ more Ca2+ was required to obtain maximal activity.	magnesium ion	409-413	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
6290182-11	1982	Other antagonists of calmodulin action inhibited maximal ACTH-induced B production with the following relative potencies: trifluoperazine greater than CP greater than haloperidol greater than chlordiazepoxide.	Trifluoperazine	122-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
7162344-6	1982	After acute administration of etorphine or methionine-enkephalin, the levels of calmodulin were increased in both compartments of striatal synaptosomes.	Etorphine	30-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
7162344-7	1982	The increased membranal levels may be related to its ease of extraction from the membranes and thus to a physical change in calmodulin.	membranal	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6290182-11	1982	Other antagonists of calmodulin action inhibited maximal ACTH-induced B production with the following relative potencies: trifluoperazine greater than CP greater than haloperidol greater than chlordiazepoxide.	Haloperidol	167-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
6290182-11	1982	Other antagonists of calmodulin action inhibited maximal ACTH-induced B production with the following relative potencies: trifluoperazine greater than CP greater than haloperidol greater than chlordiazepoxide.	Chlordiazepoxide	192-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
7154514-6	1982	The effect of calmodulin on the microsomal calcium accumulation rate is essentially lower in hypertensive rats as compared to the controls.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7177312-3	1982	The addition of methadone or etorphine to the protein kinase in vitro however, was able to block the Ca2+-calmodulin stimulation of phosphorylation in both synaptic membranes and intact synaptosomes.	Methadone	16-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6290096-3	1982	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent enzymes, was utilized in the present study to clarify the role in vivo of calcium-calmodulin regulation of phosphorylase kinase.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
6290096-3	1982	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent enzymes, was utilized in the present study to clarify the role in vivo of calcium-calmodulin regulation of phosphorylase kinase.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
6290096-8	1982	The addition of 10(-5) M trifluoperazine prevented calmodulin stimulation but had little effect on activity in the absence of exogenous calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
6128669-0	1982	Effects of acute and chronic morphine treatment of calmodulin activity of rat brain.	Morphine	29-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
7171560-1	1982	[125I]Calmodulin binding to isolated rat adipocyte plasma membranes has been characterized, and the calmodulin binding proteins associated with the membrane have been identified by use of the photoaffinity cross-linker N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate.	hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate	219-256	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
7171560-2	1982	Total binding of [125I]calmodulin to plasma membranes was assayed by a centrifugation method and found to be calcium dependent, requiring 2.2 microM free calcium for half-maximal binding.	Calcium	109-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7171560-2	1982	Total binding of [125I]calmodulin to plasma membranes was assayed by a centrifugation method and found to be calcium dependent, requiring 2.2 microM free calcium for half-maximal binding.	Calcium	154-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7171560-5	1982	Additional calmodulin binding sites were not produced by further ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment of membranes prepared in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).	Egtazic Acid	136-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7171560-5	1982	Additional calmodulin binding sites were not produced by further ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment of membranes prepared in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).	Edetic Acid	193-224	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7171560-5	1982	Additional calmodulin binding sites were not produced by further ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment of membranes prepared in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).	Edetic Acid	226-230	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
7171560-8	1982	The formation of the calmodulin binding protein complexes was dependent on time and calcium concentration.	Calcium	84-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
6128669-1	1982	The cyclic AMP-phosphodiesterase assay was used to quantitate the amount of calmodulin activity in various brain areas of male rats treated acutely or chronically for 5 days with morphine.	Morphine	179-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
6128669-2	1982	The acute treatment with morphine decreased calmodulin activity in the mitochondrial-synaptosomal P2 fraction of the striatum, midbrain, and thalamus but had no effect on the cerebellum, which contains a low density of opiate receptors.	Morphine	25-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
6128669-3	1982	The decrease in calmodulin activity by morphine was dose-dependent and was blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone.	Morphine	39-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6128669-3	1982	The decrease in calmodulin activity by morphine was dose-dependent and was blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone.	Naloxone	108-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6128669-4	1982	In contrast, chronic treatment of rats with morphine increased calmodulin activity in the mitochondrial-synaptosomal P2 of the striatum, midbrain, cerebral cortex, and thalamus.	Morphine	44-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
6128669-6	1982	Chronic morphine treatment caused a significant increase in calmodulin activity in the membrane containing microsomal, synaptosomal, and mitochondrial layers but only a small change in the layer that contained the soluble proteins and the synaptic vesicles.	Morphine	8-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
7177312-3	1982	The addition of methadone or etorphine to the protein kinase in vitro however, was able to block the Ca2+-calmodulin stimulation of phosphorylation in both synaptic membranes and intact synaptosomes.	Etorphine	29-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7109456-0	1982	[Calcium transport in the erythrocytes of rats with spontaneous hypertension: characteristics of the effect of calmodulin].	Calcium	1-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
6809733-0	1982	Calmodulin regulation of phospholipid and fatty acid methylation by rat liver microsomes.	Phospholipids	25-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6809733-0	1982	Calmodulin regulation of phospholipid and fatty acid methylation by rat liver microsomes.	Fatty Acids	42-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6809733-2	1982	Our data indicate that calmodulin mediates the effect of Ca2+ on both phospholipid and fatty acid methylation.	Phospholipids	70-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6809733-2	1982	Our data indicate that calmodulin mediates the effect of Ca2+ on both phospholipid and fatty acid methylation.	Fatty Acids	87-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6284555-0	1982	Calmodulin-sensitive ATP-dependent calcium transport by the rat parotid endoplasmic reticulum.	Adenosine Triphosphate	21-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6284555-0	1982	Calmodulin-sensitive ATP-dependent calcium transport by the rat parotid endoplasmic reticulum.	Calcium	35-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7074367-1	1982	Calmodulin antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochlorides (W-7) and trifluoperazine (TFP), markedly inhibited both morphological transforming and mitogenic activities of glia maturation factor (GMF) on rat fetal glioblasts in culture.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochlorides	24-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7074367-1	1982	Calmodulin antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene sulfonamide hydrochlorides (W-7) and trifluoperazine (TFP), markedly inhibited both morphological transforming and mitogenic activities of glia maturation factor (GMF) on rat fetal glioblasts in culture.	Trifluoperazine	101-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7092845-2	1982	Phosphorylation of two of these peptides was further stimulated by addition of the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin and decreased by trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of Ca2+--calmodulin-dependent activity.	Trifluoperazine	132-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
6178817-2	1982	A series of neuroleptic drugs (five phenothiazines, imipramine, and pimozide) and the smooth muscle relaxant W-7, which all inhibit calcium-calmodulin-activated processes inhibited rat mast cell secretion elicited by antigen, by 48/80, and by the calcium ionophore A23187.	Imipramine	52-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6178817-2	1982	A series of neuroleptic drugs (five phenothiazines, imipramine, and pimozide) and the smooth muscle relaxant W-7, which all inhibit calcium-calmodulin-activated processes inhibited rat mast cell secretion elicited by antigen, by 48/80, and by the calcium ionophore A23187.	Pimozide	68-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6178817-2	1982	A series of neuroleptic drugs (five phenothiazines, imipramine, and pimozide) and the smooth muscle relaxant W-7, which all inhibit calcium-calmodulin-activated processes inhibited rat mast cell secretion elicited by antigen, by 48/80, and by the calcium ionophore A23187.	Calcium	132-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
6178817-7	1982	Chlorpromazine sulphoxide, which shares several membrane-perturbing actions of the phenothiazines but is a weak inhibitor of calmodulin, did not inhibit secretion.	opromazine	0-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6178817-10	1982	The inhibitory effects of the various neuroleptic drugs appeared to be related to their ability to inhibit calmodulin because the individual potencies of these compounds on secretion evoked by 48/80 or A23187 correlated significantly with their reported potencies in inhibiting calmodulin-activated processes.	Calcimycin	202-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
6214277-5	1982	Calmodulin and phenothiazines have no effect on calcium accumulation in freshly prepared membranes, but small effects are inducible after a wash with a 5 mM EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	157-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6180756-3	1982	The ability of haloperidol to block this increase in enzyme activity is consistent with a role for calmodulin and calcium as mediators of the enzyme activation, particularly when this observation is considered in conjunction with the evidence that supernatant preparations of this enzyme was activated under phosphorylating conditions by a calcium-calmodulin dependent process [5].	Haloperidol	15-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
6180756-3	1982	The ability of haloperidol to block this increase in enzyme activity is consistent with a role for calmodulin and calcium as mediators of the enzyme activation, particularly when this observation is considered in conjunction with the evidence that supernatant preparations of this enzyme was activated under phosphorylating conditions by a calcium-calmodulin dependent process [5].	Haloperidol	15-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	348-358
6284173-8	1982	The present results indicate that (1) calcium influx is an essential event in the aldosterone stimulating action of angiotensin II, potassium ions, ACTH and cyclic AMP; (2) stimulation by angiotensin II and potassium ions are completely dependent on calmodulin; (3) stimulation by ACTH and cyclic AMP is mediated by calmodulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Calcium	38-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
6284173-8	1982	The present results indicate that (1) calcium influx is an essential event in the aldosterone stimulating action of angiotensin II, potassium ions, ACTH and cyclic AMP; (2) stimulation by angiotensin II and potassium ions are completely dependent on calmodulin; (3) stimulation by ACTH and cyclic AMP is mediated by calmodulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Calcium	38-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	316-326
6284173-8	1982	The present results indicate that (1) calcium influx is an essential event in the aldosterone stimulating action of angiotensin II, potassium ions, ACTH and cyclic AMP; (2) stimulation by angiotensin II and potassium ions are completely dependent on calmodulin; (3) stimulation by ACTH and cyclic AMP is mediated by calmodulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Potassium	207-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
6284173-8	1982	The present results indicate that (1) calcium influx is an essential event in the aldosterone stimulating action of angiotensin II, potassium ions, ACTH and cyclic AMP; (2) stimulation by angiotensin II and potassium ions are completely dependent on calmodulin; (3) stimulation by ACTH and cyclic AMP is mediated by calmodulin-dependent and independent mechanisms.	Potassium	207-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	316-326
6275231-1	1982	In previous studies, we observed that when rats were chronically treated wih haloperidol, there was a significant increase of calmodulin activity in their striatal membranes.	Haloperidol	77-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
6275231-2	1982	Calmodulin is known to modulate calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in neural membranes.	Calcium	32-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7109456-2	1982	It is shown that in the presence of calmodulin the rate of calcium accumulation by the inside-out vesicles of SHR red cell membranes is roughly twice less than in the control normotensive rats.	Calcium	59-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7109456-3	1982	It is suggested that upset interrelationship between calmodulin and Mg-Ca-ATPase of plasma membrane may be the cause of increase of intracellular calcium recorded in a number of tissues in primary hypertension.	Calcium	146-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
6792199-0	1981	Calmodulin-regulated, ATP-driven calcium transport by basolateral membranes of rat small intestine.	Adenosine Triphosphate	22-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6805461-1	1981	Adenylate cyclase activity in the rat lung membranes washed with 150 microM-EGTA was stimulated by calmodulin in the presence of 100 microM-Ca2+.	Egtazic Acid	76-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
7297499-0	1981	The influence of calmodulin on steroid synthesis in leydig cells from rat testis.	Steroids	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
7297499-1	1981	Two approaches were used to study the possible role of calmodulin in the regulation of synthesis of testosterone by Leydig cells: trifluoperazine was used as an inhibitor of calmodulin and liposomes were used to deliver calmodulin into the cells.	Testosterone	100-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
7297499-6	1981	When Leydig cells were incubated with liposomes containing calmodulin, production of testosterone, transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, and side-chain cleavage of cholesterol were all stimulated.	Testosterone	85-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
7297499-6	1981	When Leydig cells were incubated with liposomes containing calmodulin, production of testosterone, transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, and side-chain cleavage of cholesterol were all stimulated.	Cholesterol	112-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
7297499-6	1981	When Leydig cells were incubated with liposomes containing calmodulin, production of testosterone, transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, and side-chain cleavage of cholesterol were all stimulated.	Cholesterol	168-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
7297499-9	1981	These observations suggest that calmodulin is involved in regulating the transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, a process that is stimulated by LH and cAMP and one that may account for the increased steroid synthesis produced by these agents.	Cholesterol	86-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
7297499-9	1981	These observations suggest that calmodulin is involved in regulating the transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, a process that is stimulated by LH and cAMP and one that may account for the increased steroid synthesis produced by these agents.	Luteinizing Hormone	147-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
7297499-9	1981	These observations suggest that calmodulin is involved in regulating the transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, a process that is stimulated by LH and cAMP and one that may account for the increased steroid synthesis produced by these agents.	Cyclic AMP	154-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
7297499-9	1981	These observations suggest that calmodulin is involved in regulating the transport of cholesterol to mitochondria, a process that is stimulated by LH and cAMP and one that may account for the increased steroid synthesis produced by these agents.	Steroids	202-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
6116502-0	1981	Phenothiazines and related compounds disrupt mitochondrial energy production by a calmodulin-independent reaction.	Phenothiazines	0-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
6116502-1	1981	Phenothiazines and related compounds bind to mitochondrial membranes in approximate proportion to their affinities for calmodulin.	Phenothiazines	0-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
7295808-4	1981	(2) The phenothiazine, trifluoperazine, a purported specific inhibitor of calmodulin, completely blocks the stimulation by catecholamines without affecting the response to the other two hormones.	phenothiazine	8-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
7295808-4	1981	(2) The phenothiazine, trifluoperazine, a purported specific inhibitor of calmodulin, completely blocks the stimulation by catecholamines without affecting the response to the other two hormones.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
7295808-4	1981	(2) The phenothiazine, trifluoperazine, a purported specific inhibitor of calmodulin, completely blocks the stimulation by catecholamines without affecting the response to the other two hormones.	Catecholamines	123-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
6271250-7	1981	The calmodulin content of AH-7974 plasma membranes was not reduced by repeated washing.	alanylhistidine	26-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
6792199-0	1981	Calmodulin-regulated, ATP-driven calcium transport by basolateral membranes of rat small intestine.	Calcium	33-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6792199-5	1981	The ATP-dependent calcium uptake is stimulated by the calcium regulatory protein, calmodulin, in a dose-dependent fashion.	Adenosine Triphosphate	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
6792199-5	1981	The ATP-dependent calcium uptake is stimulated by the calcium regulatory protein, calmodulin, in a dose-dependent fashion.	Calcium	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
6792199-6	1981	Calmodulin increases both the maximal transport rate and the calcium affinity of the transport mechanism.	Calcium	61-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Adenosine Triphosphate	54-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Adenosine Triphosphate	54-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Calcium	90-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Calcium	90-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Calcium	243-250	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
6792199-7	1981	These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels.	Calcium	243-250	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6275834-7	1981	With cyclic AMP as substrate, phosphodeisterase activity was increased by calmodulin and Ca2+ and decreased by trifluoperazine, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin.	Cyclic AMP	5-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
6275834-7	1981	With cyclic AMP as substrate, phosphodeisterase activity was increased by calmodulin and Ca2+ and decreased by trifluoperazine, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin.	Cyclic AMP	5-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
6275834-7	1981	With cyclic AMP as substrate, phosphodeisterase activity was increased by calmodulin and Ca2+ and decreased by trifluoperazine, a specific inhibitor of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	111-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
6275834-10	1981	The data suggest that Ca2+ may influence the islet content of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP via effects on calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s).	Cyclic AMP	62-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6275834-10	1981	The data suggest that Ca2+ may influence the islet content of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP via effects on calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(s).	Cyclic GMP	77-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
6261835-3	1981	The activity of the calcium-dependent protein kinase was found to be totally inhibited in the presence of trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine known to specifically inactivate calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	106-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
6455156-2	1981	Calmodulin enhanced 2.5-fold 45Ca accumulation by EGTA-treated microsomes incubated with 10 microM Ca2+ (in the absence of oxalate) by increasing markedly the apparent affinity of the transport system for Ca2+.	Egtazic Acid	50-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6455156-2	1981	Calmodulin enhanced 2.5-fold 45Ca accumulation by EGTA-treated microsomes incubated with 10 microM Ca2+ (in the absence of oxalate) by increasing markedly the apparent affinity of the transport system for Ca2+.	Oxalates	123-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6946418-2	1981	However, in the presence of calmodulin at concentrations substoichiometric to that of tubulin, calcium causes rapid microtubule disassembly.	Calcium	95-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6946418-3	1981	The half-maximal effective calcium concentration in the presence of calmodulin is 100 microM.	Calcium	27-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
6946418-4	1981	With 800 microM free calcium, the half-maximal effective concentration of calmodulin is 1.0 microM (or one-tenth the tubulin concentration).	Calcium	21-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
6261835-3	1981	The activity of the calcium-dependent protein kinase was found to be totally inhibited in the presence of trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine known to specifically inactivate calmodulin.	phenothiazine	125-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
6119144-1	1981	Calmodulin, a calcium binding protein, has been implicated in the regulation of many calcium-dependent biological processes.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6260952-8	1981	These data support the idea that the major mechanism regulating cAMP content in the rat erythrocyte during chronic isoproterenol stimulation is the membrane-bound phosphodiesterase and that there is a translocation of calmodulin from the cytoplasm to the membrane during hormone stimulation.	Cyclic AMP	64-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	218-228
6108962-9	1981	Much of this calmodulin could not be extracted even by washing with 1 mM EGTA and/or 0.1% (w/v) Triton X-100.	Egtazic Acid	73-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6108962-9	1981	Much of this calmodulin could not be extracted even by washing with 1 mM EGTA and/or 0.1% (w/v) Triton X-100.	Octoxynol	96-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
6261905-7	1981	The presence of calmodulin and an inhibitor substance was confirmed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.	DEAE-Cellulose	71-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
6261905-9	1981	These results may indicate that cGMP in rat parotid gland, which is supposed to correlate with secretion, is regulated also by phosphodiesterase through calmodulin and an inhibitor substance.	Cyclic GMP	32-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-163
7231389-0	1981	Effect of calmodulin on dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatal membranes.	Dopamine	24-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6785753-3	1981	The stimulation by calcium of the particulate enzyme and of the partially purified cytosolic enzyme requires the addition of calmodulin.	Calcium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
6785753-6	1981	The calcium stimulation of this latter kinase is probably mediated by calmodulin, judging from its inhibition by low concentrations of trifluoperazine.	Calcium	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6785753-6	1981	The calcium stimulation of this latter kinase is probably mediated by calmodulin, judging from its inhibition by low concentrations of trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	135-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
6269392-0	1981	Calmodulin and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases mediate calcium-induced stimulation of DNA synthesis by rat liver cells.	Calcium	60-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6119144-1	1981	Calmodulin, a calcium binding protein, has been implicated in the regulation of many calcium-dependent biological processes.	Calcium	85-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6119144-8	1981	These findings indicate the presence of calmodulin-like activity in rat molar tooth germs and support the proposal that calcium and calcium binding proteins, in particular calmodulin, have a major regulatory role in the biology of mineralising tissues.	Calcium	120-127	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
6119144-8	1981	These findings indicate the presence of calmodulin-like activity in rat molar tooth germs and support the proposal that calcium and calcium binding proteins, in particular calmodulin, have a major regulatory role in the biology of mineralising tissues.	Calcium	132-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
6263264-2	1980	The ability of a range of phenothiazines to inhibit activation of brain phosphodiesterase by purified calmodulin was studied.	Phenothiazines	26-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
7452489-0	1980	Effects of lanthanum and trifluoperazine on [125I]calmodulin binding to rat striatal particulates.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7440585-0	1980	Stimulation by phosphatidylserine and calmodulin of calcium-dependent phosphorylation of endogenous proteins from cerebral cortex.	Calcium	52-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
6259062-1	1980	Three different, calmodulin-dependent, isoenzymes of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) can be isolated by DEAE cellulose chromatography from the immature rat testis and shown to have different substrate specificities and kinetic behaviour.	DEAE-Cellulose	114-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
7452489-1	1980	A calmodulin-binding assay was established in rat striatal particulates which were depleted of endogenous calcium and calmodulin by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment.	Egtazic Acid	132-196	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
7452489-1	1980	A calmodulin-binding assay was established in rat striatal particulates which were depleted of endogenous calcium and calmodulin by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment.	Egtazic Acid	132-196	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
7452489-1	1980	A calmodulin-binding assay was established in rat striatal particulates which were depleted of endogenous calcium and calmodulin by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N"-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment.	Egtazic Acid	198-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
7452489-4	1980	Calcium was a prerequisite for calmodulin binding and it facilitated the binding in a dose-dependent manner.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
7452489-5	1980	Lanthanum, a known calcium antagonists in other tissue systems, mimicked the effect of calcium on calmodulin binding.	Lanthanum	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
7452489-5	1980	Lanthanum, a known calcium antagonists in other tissue systems, mimicked the effect of calcium on calmodulin binding.	Calcium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
7452489-5	1980	Lanthanum, a known calcium antagonists in other tissue systems, mimicked the effect of calcium on calmodulin binding.	Calcium	87-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
7452489-7	1980	Lanthanum, but not calcium, inhibited calmodulin release from a non-EGTA-treated preparation.	Lanthanum	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
7452489-8	1980	This difference in action between calcium and lanthanum suggests that they mediate calmodulin binding in an independent manner.	Calcium	34-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7452489-8	1980	This difference in action between calcium and lanthanum suggests that they mediate calmodulin binding in an independent manner.	Lanthanum	46-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
7452489-10	1980	Trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, at 10(-4) M antagonized calmodulin binding only at the higher affinity binding sites.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
7452489-10	1980	Trifluoperazine, a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, at 10(-4) M antagonized calmodulin binding only at the higher affinity binding sites.	phenothiazine	19-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
6773954-4	1980	The enzyme responsible for calmodulin methylation and its substrate, the putative desmethylcalmodulin, were separated from one another by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose.	DEAE-Cellulose	156-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
6249394-1	1980	Calmodulin coupled to Sepharose has provided a rapid and sensitive means of isolating a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity which is stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca2+ complex, from rat parotid gland.	Sepharose	22-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
6773954-7	1980	Both procedures showed that calmodulin methyltransferase is inhibited by EGTA and stimulated by divalent cations, with manganese giving the highest activity.	Egtazic Acid	73-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6773954-7	1980	Both procedures showed that calmodulin methyltransferase is inhibited by EGTA and stimulated by divalent cations, with manganese giving the highest activity.	Manganese	119-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
6773954-9	1980	A rapid chromatographic procedure for the separation of methylated lysines and arginines was developed and used to demonstrate that epsilon-trimethyllysine is the radioactive amino acid formed when calmodulin is methylated in vitro.	Lysine	67-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
6773954-9	1980	A rapid chromatographic procedure for the separation of methylated lysines and arginines was developed and used to demonstrate that epsilon-trimethyllysine is the radioactive amino acid formed when calmodulin is methylated in vitro.	Arginine	79-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
6773954-9	1980	A rapid chromatographic procedure for the separation of methylated lysines and arginines was developed and used to demonstrate that epsilon-trimethyllysine is the radioactive amino acid formed when calmodulin is methylated in vitro.	trimethyllysine	132-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
7410353-1	1980	Crystals of rat testis calmodulin, a multifunctional Ca2+-binding protein have been grown from solutions of 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.	hexylene glycol	108-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
6156956-2	1980	The role of calmodulin in insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets has been examined by the use of trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin-Ca++-directed functions.	Trifluoperazine	103-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
6156956-10	1980	Calmodulin plays a role in the stimulation of insulin release by glucose at a site between metabolism of trioses and elevation of cytosol Ca++, but is not involved in the final process of exocytosis.	Glucose	65-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6249394-3	1980	However, it was possible to readily demonstrate the presence of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity regulated by calmodulin if the extracts were first purified by batch ion-exchange chromatography over DEAE-cellulose followed by affinity chromatography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	DEAE-Cellulose	213-227	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6249394-3	1980	However, it was possible to readily demonstrate the presence of a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity regulated by calmodulin if the extracts were first purified by batch ion-exchange chromatography over DEAE-cellulose followed by affinity chromatography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	Sepharose	291-300	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
6249394-4	1980	The batch ion-exchange chromatography step removed the major portion of free parotid calmodulin which could compete with calmodulin-coupled Sepharose for the proteins regulated by calmodulin.	Sepharose	140-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6249394-4	1980	The batch ion-exchange chromatography step removed the major portion of free parotid calmodulin which could compete with calmodulin-coupled Sepharose for the proteins regulated by calmodulin.	Sepharose	140-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
6249394-4	1980	The batch ion-exchange chromatography step removed the major portion of free parotid calmodulin which could compete with calmodulin-coupled Sepharose for the proteins regulated by calmodulin.	Sepharose	140-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	DEAE-Cellulose	55-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	DEAE-Cellulose	55-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	DEAE-Cellulose	55-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	Sepharose	267-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	Sepharose	267-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
6249394-5	1980	Thus, by employing an initial chromatography step over DEAE-cellulose to separate phosphodiesterase activity from calmodulin, it was possible to increase the recovery of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase after affinity chromatrography with calmodulin coupled to Sepharose.	Sepharose	267-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-180
228746-1	1979	When the supernatant fractions from rat brain homogenates were subjected to preparative electrofocusing in a bed of Sephadex G75, several peaks of calmodulin were resolved.	sephadex	116-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
6989840-12	1980	Calmodulin localization at the postsynaptic membrane suggests that this protein may mediate calcium effects at the synaptic junction and, thus, may play a role in the regulation of neurotransmission.	Calcium	92-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6247230-0	1980	Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2+ and calmodulin in rat islets of langerhans: explanation for the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP levels.	Glucose	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
6247230-0	1980	Stimulation of adenylate cyclase by Ca2+ and calmodulin in rat islets of langerhans: explanation for the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP levels.	Cyclic AMP	133-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
6778966-1	1980	The involvement of calmodulin in the choline, ethanolamine, and serine exchange activities of rat brain microsomes was investigated.	Choline	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6778966-1	1980	The involvement of calmodulin in the choline, ethanolamine, and serine exchange activities of rat brain microsomes was investigated.	Ethanolamine	46-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6778966-1	1980	The involvement of calmodulin in the choline, ethanolamine, and serine exchange activities of rat brain microsomes was investigated.	Serine	64-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
6778966-2	1980	Calmodulin stimulated choline exchange activity to a greater extent than ethanolamine and serine exchange activities.	Choline	22-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
6246737-0	1980	Effect of calmodulin on catecholamine-linked adenylate cyclase activity in rat striatum and cerebral cortex.	Catecholamines	24-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
6247230-4	1980	It is suggested that the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP concentrations in intact islets is a secondary consequence of the glucose-induced increase in cytosol free-Ca2+ concentrations which, with calmodulin, causes an increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase.	Glucose	25-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6247230-4	1980	It is suggested that the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP concentrations in intact islets is a secondary consequence of the glucose-induced increase in cytosol free-Ca2+ concentrations which, with calmodulin, causes an increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase.	Cyclic AMP	53-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6247230-4	1980	It is suggested that the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP concentrations in intact islets is a secondary consequence of the glucose-induced increase in cytosol free-Ca2+ concentrations which, with calmodulin, causes an increase in the activity of adenylate cyclase.	Glucose	130-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
6987650-1	1980	The localization of calmodulin, a calcium-dependent modulator of many enzymes, was studied in rat liver, skeletal muscle, and adrenal slices.	Calcium	34-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
6987650-3	1980	Much of the cytoplasmic calmodulin is associated with glycogen particles presumably bound to enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism.	Glycogen	54-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
6987650-3	1980	Much of the cytoplasmic calmodulin is associated with glycogen particles presumably bound to enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism.	Glycogen	113-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
6987650-4	1980	Skeletal muscle calmodulin is found on the I-band, also associated with glycogen particles.	Glycogen	72-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
228746-4	1979	The peak of calmodulin activity at 5.2 co-migrated with phosphodiesterase activity which was stimulated 1.8-fold by calcium.	Calcium	116-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
379022-12	1979	Microtubule inhibitors, such as colcemid and N2O, altered the appearance of tubulin- and calmodulin-specific fluorescence in mitotic CHO cells.	Nitrous Oxide	45-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
33394312-9	2021	Simvastatin treatment improved hemodynamic condition, myocardial tissue remodeling, and myocardial energy metabolism, as well as increasing calmodulin expression in rats with PAH-induced RHF.	Simvastatin	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
34034059-5	2021	RESULTS: The results showed that either MLD or MLDL reversed the hemorrhagic shock-induced downregulation of calmodulin expression, a marker protein of cardiomyocyte calcium sensitization, in papillary muscles.	Calcium	166-173	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
33904146-7	2021	Anti-angiogenic efficacy of IPA (8k) validated through CAM, Rat corneal, tube formation and migration assay.	ipa	28-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
287024-4	1979	Calmodulin, like endogenous heat-stable vesicle factor, restored calcium"s ability to stimulate vesicle neurotransmitter release and protein kinase activity.	Calcium	65-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
287024-7	1979	The results suggest that calcium"s effects on neurotransmitter release and presynaptic nerve terminal protein phosphorylation may be mediated by endogenous calmodulin-like proteins.	Calcium	25-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
33739887-7	2021	Moreover, the albanin A-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was prevented by the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1 inhibitor.	Glutamic Acid	47-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
33739887-10	2021	Our data reveal that albanin A suppresses glutamate release by decreasing Ca2+/calmodulin/AC1 activation in synaptosomes and exerts neuroprotective effect in vivo.	Glutamic Acid	42-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
33240041-5	2020	We studied GABA receptor functions by examining GABA receptor-mediated calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase signaling genes (Calm1, Calm2, Calm3, Camk2a, Camk2b, Camk2g, Camk2d, Camk4) in the testosterone-induced impulsivity model.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	11-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
33507631-11	2021	Compared with the SHR group, the interaction between eNOS and HSP90 in the cavernosa of the rats in the SHR + icariin treatment group was significantly increased (P < .05), the interaction between eNOS and caveolin-1 was significantly decreased (P < .01), and the interaction between eNOS and calmodulin did not significantly change.	icariin	110-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	293-303
33577051-0	2021	Changes of CaM-CaMK-CREB signaling pathway and related neuron factors in hippocampus of rats after sevoflurane and propofol administration.	Sevoflurane	99-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
33577051-0	2021	Changes of CaM-CaMK-CREB signaling pathway and related neuron factors in hippocampus of rats after sevoflurane and propofol administration.	Propofol	115-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
33577051-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of CaM-CaMK-CREB signaling pathway and related neuron factors in hippocampus of rats after sevoflurane and propofol administration.	Sevoflurane	129-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
33577051-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of CaM-CaMK-CREB signaling pathway and related neuron factors in hippocampus of rats after sevoflurane and propofol administration.	Propofol	145-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
33577051-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane anesthesia on the CaM-CaMK-CREB signaling pathway and learning and memory function of rats is less volatile, which does better in safeguarding stability.	Sevoflurane	13-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
33105993-7	2021	Proteomics analysis showed that numerous DE proteins were enriched after phenobarbital administration, among which CALM1, ARAF, and Cbl proteins (related to the insulin signaling pathway) were significantly downregulated on day 60 but not day 90.	Phenobarbital	73-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
31957170-11	2020	In addition, miR-129-1-3p overexpression in cardiomyocytes prevented THP-induced changes in the expression of proteins that are either key components of Ca2+ signalling or important regulators of intracellular calcium trafficking/balance in cardiomyocytes including GRIN2D, CALM1, CaMKIIdelta, RyR2-pS2814, SERCA2a and NCX1.	2-methyl-4-carboxy-5-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine	69-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-279
32303334-0	2020	Distinct roles of calmodulin and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in isopreterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy.	isopreterenol	80-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
32303334-2	2020	The CaV1.2 channel and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and CaM regulate the intracellular calcium content.	Calcium	111-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
34046075-0	2020	Huang-Pu-Tong-Qiao Formula Ameliorates Tau Phosphorylation by Inhibiting the CaM-CaMKIV Pathway.	uridine triacetate	39-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
34046075-13	2020	In conclusion, our results indicated that HPTQ improved cognition and ameliorated neuronal damage in AD models and implicated a reduction in tau phosphorylation caused by inhibition of the CaM-CaMKIV pathway as a possible mechanism.	hptq	42-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	189-192
32413299-6	2020	Inhibition of calmodulin in a rat spinal cord injury model with the licensed drug trifluoperazine inhibited AQP4 localization to the blood-spinal cord barrier, ablated CNS edema, and led to accelerated functional recovery compared with untreated animals.	Trifluoperazine	82-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
31666636-5	2019	Contrasting with Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+-dependent modulation of Cav3 channels appears to be independent of calmodulin, calcineurin and endocytic pathways.	Calcium	50-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
33569517-6	2021	Our study was aimed at analyzing the gene expression of major calcium binding proteins namely calcineurin, calmodulin, calreticulin, synaptotagamin and calsyntenin in stress induced PC 12 cells.	Calcium	62-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
29662310-4	2018	Results: Both curcumin and curcumin/P pretreatment alleviated pathological morphological damage of myocardium, increased H2S and [Ca2+]i levels, and upregulated the expression of CaSR, CSE, and CaM as compared to DCM group, while curcumin/P remarkably augmented this effect.	Curcumin	14-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
31299273-4	2019	Here, adult rat ventricular myocytes were transfected with specifically targeted calmodulin-based GECIs and Ca2+ responses to a physiological stimulus, norepinephrine (NE, 10 muM), were observed in a) sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), b) mitochondria, c) the space between the mitochondria and SR, termed the Mitochondria Associated Membrane space (MAM) and d) cytosol for 10 min after stimulation.	Norepinephrine	152-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
30405014-4	2018	2",3"-Cyclic nucleotide-3"-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) was phosphorylated by protein kinases A and C. CNPase and melatonin (MEL) might interact with calmodulin.	Melatonin	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
30075228-11	2018	We also identify CaM and PI3K/Akt pathways as critical mediators of the NO-cGMP signaling activation by E1.	Cyclic GMP	75-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
29981398-9	2018	Most of these altered proteins participate in oxidative phosphorylation (e.g. cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase), glutathione metabolism (e.g. peroxiredoxins), or calcium signaling pathway (e.g. protein S100B and calmodulin).	Glutathione	118-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
29662310-4	2018	Results: Both curcumin and curcumin/P pretreatment alleviated pathological morphological damage of myocardium, increased H2S and [Ca2+]i levels, and upregulated the expression of CaSR, CSE, and CaM as compared to DCM group, while curcumin/P remarkably augmented this effect.	Curcumin	27-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
29662310-4	2018	Results: Both curcumin and curcumin/P pretreatment alleviated pathological morphological damage of myocardium, increased H2S and [Ca2+]i levels, and upregulated the expression of CaSR, CSE, and CaM as compared to DCM group, while curcumin/P remarkably augmented this effect.	Curcumin	27-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
28825318-0	2017	Cardiac striatin interacts with caveolin-3 and calmodulin in a calcium sensitive manner and regulates cardiomyocyte spontaneous contraction rate.	Calcium	63-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
28825118-6	2017	RESULTS: The L-type Ca2+ channel blockers verapamil and nimodipine, the calmodulin antagonist W-7, and the internal Ca2+ release inhibitor ryanodine all attenuated the antinociceptive effects of 2-BFI.	W 7	94-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
28825118-11	2017	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the antinociceptive effects of 2-BFI involve intracellular Ca2+ elevation and/or downstream Ca2+/calmodulin signaling, whereas the discriminative stimulus effects of 2-BFI are mediated by a distinct, independent mechanism.	2-(2-benzofuranyl)-2-imidazoline	71-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
28825318-7	2017	CaM pulldown assay indicated that the interaction of cardiac STRN with CaM and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) was calcium sensitive.	Calcium	102-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
28825318-7	2017	CaM pulldown assay indicated that the interaction of cardiac STRN with CaM and caveolin-3 (Cav-3) was calcium sensitive.	Calcium	102-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
29362718-0	2017	Paeoniflorin, the Main Active Ingredient of Shuyu Capsule, Inhibits Cav1.2 and Regulates Calmodulin/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Signalling.	peoniflorin	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
28348377-6	2017	Our findings indicate that acute exposure to bilirubin increases VGCC currents, primarily by targeting P/Q-type calcium channels via Ca2+ and calmodulin dependent mechanisms to overwhelm neurons with excessive Ca2+.	Bilirubin	45-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-152
28355694-5	2017	Active calmodulin content in 10 mg/kg manganese exposed group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P&lt;0.05) .	Manganese	38-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
28355694-6	2017	150 and 200 mg/kg of taurine could decrease active calmodulin content of the group exposed to 10 mg/kg of Mn (P&lt;0.05) .	Taurine	21-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
27650103-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Irinotecan induced a significant alteration in CAM expression in the jejunum and colon.	Irinotecan	13-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
28343066-0	2017	Calcium triggers reversal of calmodulin on nested anti-parallel sites in the IQ motif of the neuronal voltage-dependent sodium channel NaV1.2.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
29362718-0	2017	Paeoniflorin, the Main Active Ingredient of Shuyu Capsule, Inhibits Cav1.2 and Regulates Calmodulin/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Signalling.	peoniflorin	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
29362718-1	2017	The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism underlying the antidepression activity of paeoniflorin, the main active ingredient of paeony extract and Shuyu capsules, and determine its effect on the calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM/CaMKII) signalling pathway and on the possible target, the voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav).	peoniflorin	93-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-225
27237977-7	2016	Calmodulin antagonism (W7) and reduction in Ca(2+) (EGTA) combined with low concentration of staurosporine caused a larger decrease in RLC phosphorylation than staurosporine alone.	Staurosporine	160-173	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
27673574-0	2016	Extracellular Protein Kinase A Modulates Intracellular Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II, Nitric Oxide Synthase, and the Glutamate-Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway in Cerebellum.	Nitric Oxide	103-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
27673574-3	2016	NMDA receptor activation increases calcium, which binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS), increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, which is released to the extracellular fluid, allowing analysis of this glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in vivo by microdialysis.	Calcium	35-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
27673574-3	2016	NMDA receptor activation increases calcium, which binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS), increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, which is released to the extracellular fluid, allowing analysis of this glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in vivo by microdialysis.	Cyclic GMP	189-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
27673574-3	2016	NMDA receptor activation increases calcium, which binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS), increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, which is released to the extracellular fluid, allowing analysis of this glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in vivo by microdialysis.	Glutamic Acid	267-276	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
27673574-3	2016	NMDA receptor activation increases calcium, which binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS), increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP, which is released to the extracellular fluid, allowing analysis of this glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway in vivo by microdialysis.	Cyclic GMP	280-284	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
27673574-5	2016	The aims of this work were to assess (1) whether the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway is modulated in cerebellum in vivo by an extracellular PKA, (2) the role of phosphorylation and activity of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and NOS in the pathway modulation by extracellular PKA, and (3) whether the effects are different in hyperammonemic and control rats.	Glutamic Acid	53-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
27813585-12	2016	Infarction area and caspase-3 and CAM levels were significantly lower in the citrate groups compared with the model group (P &lt; 0.05).	Citric Acid	77-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
27813585-13	2016	Citrate can reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviating ventricular arrhythmia and protecting the myocardium by reducing serum calcium ion concentration and downregulating caspase-3 and CAM expression.	Citric Acid	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	W 7	144-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	W 7	144-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	Tacrolimus	149-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	Tacrolimus	149-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	Okadaic Acid	160-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
26969240-8	2016	Furthermore, the SRIF effect was eliminated when the activity of calmodulin (CaM), calcineurin and protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) was blocked with W-7, FK-506 and okadaic acid, respectively.	Okadaic Acid	160-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
26969240-11	2016	We conclude that a distinct Gi/o/cAMP-PKA/ryanodine/Ca(2+)/CaM/calcineurin/PP1 signalling pathway comes into play due to the activation of sst5 to mediate the SRIF effect on GCs.	Cyclic AMP	33-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
26969240-11	2016	We conclude that a distinct Gi/o/cAMP-PKA/ryanodine/Ca(2+)/CaM/calcineurin/PP1 signalling pathway comes into play due to the activation of sst5 to mediate the SRIF effect on GCs.	Ryanodine	42-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
26399481-7	2015	Also a CaM(Y99D/Y138D) mutant mimicked the effect of P-(Tyr)-CaM on ligand-dependent EGFR activation.	Tyrosine	56-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
26879852-1	2016	The roles of protein undernutrition as well as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the ability of calmodulin (CaM) to activate erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) Ca(2+)-ATPase and the calmodulin genes and protein expressions in rat"s cortex and cerebellum were investigated.	Selenium	47-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
26879852-1	2016	The roles of protein undernutrition as well as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the ability of calmodulin (CaM) to activate erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) Ca(2+)-ATPase and the calmodulin genes and protein expressions in rat"s cortex and cerebellum were investigated.	Selenium	57-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
26879852-1	2016	The roles of protein undernutrition as well as selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) supplementation on the ability of calmodulin (CaM) to activate erythrocyte ghost membrane (EGM) Ca(2+)-ATPase and the calmodulin genes and protein expressions in rat"s cortex and cerebellum were investigated.	Zinc	71-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
26879852-5	2016	Se or Zn supplementation improved the ability of Ca(2+)/CaM to activate EGM Ca(2+)-ATPase and protein expressions.	Selenium	0-2	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
26879852-5	2016	Se or Zn supplementation improved the ability of Ca(2+)/CaM to activate EGM Ca(2+)-ATPase and protein expressions.	Zinc	6-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
26879852-8	2016	In conclusion, it is postulated that Se and Zn might be beneficial antioxidants in protecting against neuronal dysfunction resulting from reduced level of calmodulin such as present in protein undernutrition.	Selenium	37-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
26879852-8	2016	In conclusion, it is postulated that Se and Zn might be beneficial antioxidants in protecting against neuronal dysfunction resulting from reduced level of calmodulin such as present in protein undernutrition.	Zinc	44-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
26399481-2	2015	In the present study, the role of tyrosine-phosphorylated CaM [P-(Tyr)-CaM] on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been examined using in vitro assay systems.	Tyrosine	34-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
26399481-2	2015	In the present study, the role of tyrosine-phosphorylated CaM [P-(Tyr)-CaM] on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been examined using in vitro assay systems.	Tyrosine	34-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
26299765-0	2015	Abnormal alterations in the Ca2+/CaV1.2/calmodulin/caMKII signaling pathway in a tremor rat model and in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to Mg2+-free solution.	magnesium ion	145-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
26399481-2	2015	In the present study, the role of tyrosine-phosphorylated CaM [P-(Tyr)-CaM] on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been examined using in vitro assay systems.	Tyrosine	66-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
26399481-2	2015	In the present study, the role of tyrosine-phosphorylated CaM [P-(Tyr)-CaM] on the regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been examined using in vitro assay systems.	Tyrosine	66-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
26399481-3	2015	We show that phosphorylation of CaM by rat liver solubilized EGFR leads to a dramatic increase in the subsequent phosphorylation of poly-L-(Glu:Tyr) (PGT) by the receptor in the presence of ligand, both in the absence and in the presence of Ca(2+).	poly-l-(	132-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
26399481-3	2015	We show that phosphorylation of CaM by rat liver solubilized EGFR leads to a dramatic increase in the subsequent phosphorylation of poly-L-(Glu:Tyr) (PGT) by the receptor in the presence of ligand, both in the absence and in the presence of Ca(2+).	Glutamic Acid	140-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
26399481-3	2015	We show that phosphorylation of CaM by rat liver solubilized EGFR leads to a dramatic increase in the subsequent phosphorylation of poly-L-(Glu:Tyr) (PGT) by the receptor in the presence of ligand, both in the absence and in the presence of Ca(2+).	Tyrosine	144-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
26399481-3	2015	We show that phosphorylation of CaM by rat liver solubilized EGFR leads to a dramatic increase in the subsequent phosphorylation of poly-L-(Glu:Tyr) (PGT) by the receptor in the presence of ligand, both in the absence and in the presence of Ca(2+).	pgt	150-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
26399481-6	2015	Addition of purified P-(Tyr)-CaM, phosphorylated by recombinant c-Src (cellular sarcoma kinase) and free of non-phosphorylated CaM, obtained by affinity-chromatography using an immobilized anti-phospho-(Tyr)-antibody, also increased the ligand-dependent tyrosine kinase activity of the isolated EGFR toward PGT.	Tyrosine	23-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
26399481-6	2015	Addition of purified P-(Tyr)-CaM, phosphorylated by recombinant c-Src (cellular sarcoma kinase) and free of non-phosphorylated CaM, obtained by affinity-chromatography using an immobilized anti-phospho-(Tyr)-antibody, also increased the ligand-dependent tyrosine kinase activity of the isolated EGFR toward PGT.	Tyrosine	24-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
26399481-7	2015	Also a CaM(Y99D/Y138D) mutant mimicked the effect of P-(Tyr)-CaM on ligand-dependent EGFR activation.	Tyrosine	56-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
26299765-4	2015	The present study was performed to detect changes in the Ca2+/CaV1.2/CaM/CaMKII pathway in TRMs and in cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to Mg2+-free solution.	magnesium ion	143-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
26299765-12	2015	For the first time, o the best of our knowledge, the data of the present study suggested that abnormal alterations in the Ca2+/CaV1.2/CaM/CaMKII pathway may be involved in epileptogenesis and in the phenotypes of TRMs and cultured hippocampal neurons exposed to Mg2+-free solution.	magnesium ion	262-266	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
25572918-8	2015	VPA treatment improves the plasma and urinary biomarkers of renal function, decreased expression of iNOS, 3-nitrotyrosine, NF-kappaB, p-NF-kappaB, HDAC4/5, calmodulin, calbindin, apoptosis and DNA damage.	Valproic Acid	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
25378404-3	2014	The Ca(2+) sensitivity is known to be regulated by calmodulin and membrane phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2).	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate	102-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
25378404-3	2014	The Ca(2+) sensitivity is known to be regulated by calmodulin and membrane phosphoinositides, such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2).	pi(4,5)p2	141-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
25314136-5	2014	We hypothesized that resveratrol stimulates NO production by thick ascending limbs via a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Resveratrol	21-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
25285892-5	2014	GM1 can partially improve the apomorphine induced rotation behavior and changes of glutamate, mitochondria calcium, calmodulin content in striatum of PD rat.	G(M1) Ganglioside	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
25314136-0	2014	Resveratrol increases nitric oxide production in the rat thick ascending limb via Ca2+/calmodulin.	Resveratrol	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
25314136-14	2014	Calmodulin inhibition prevented the resveratrol-induced increase in NO (p&lt;0.002).	Resveratrol	36-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
25314136-0	2014	Resveratrol increases nitric oxide production in the rat thick ascending limb via Ca2+/calmodulin.	Nitric Oxide	22-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
25314136-17	2014	We conclude that resveratrol increases NO production in thick ascending limbs via a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent mechanism, and SIRT1 and AMPK do not participate.	Resveratrol	17-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
25980223-7	2014	Trifluoperazine and PP2, the inhibitors of calmodulin and c-Src kinase, respectively, abolished vasoconstriction reaction of isolated aortic rings in response to SCH 23390 and MK 212 but did not affect the strength gain of the vasoconstriction caused by fluoroaluminate, a G-protein activator.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
25980223-7	2014	Trifluoperazine and PP2, the inhibitors of calmodulin and c-Src kinase, respectively, abolished vasoconstriction reaction of isolated aortic rings in response to SCH 23390 and MK 212 but did not affect the strength gain of the vasoconstriction caused by fluoroaluminate, a G-protein activator.	pp2	20-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
24650091-4	2014	In addition, melatonin induced a significant downregulation of calmodulin (Calm1) in IBMX-treated hMT2-INS-1 cells.	Melatonin	13-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
24614978-3	2014	We examined in primary cultured rat hepatocytes whether the Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling pathway is involved in this process, by using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBOOH) as a pro-oxidant, model compound.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	201-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
24614978-5	2014	Intracellular Ca2+ sequestration with BAPTA/AM, CaM blockage with W7 or trifluoperazine, and CaMKII inhibition with KN-62 all fully prevented tBOOH-induced MPTP opening and reduced tBOOH-induced lipid peroxidation to a similar extent to CsA, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway fully mediates MPTP-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation.	KN 62	116-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
24614978-5	2014	Intracellular Ca2+ sequestration with BAPTA/AM, CaM blockage with W7 or trifluoperazine, and CaMKII inhibition with KN-62 all fully prevented tBOOH-induced MPTP opening and reduced tBOOH-induced lipid peroxidation to a similar extent to CsA, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway fully mediates MPTP-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	142-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
24614978-5	2014	Intracellular Ca2+ sequestration with BAPTA/AM, CaM blockage with W7 or trifluoperazine, and CaMKII inhibition with KN-62 all fully prevented tBOOH-induced MPTP opening and reduced tBOOH-induced lipid peroxidation to a similar extent to CsA, suggesting that Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling pathway fully mediates MPTP-mediated mitochondrial ROS generation.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	142-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
24614978-6	2014	tBOOH-induced apoptosis, as shown by flow cytometry of annexin V/propidium iodide, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3 and increase in the Bax-to-Bcl-xL ratio, and the Ca2+/CaM/CaMKII signaling antagonists fully prevented these effects.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
24614978-7	2014	Intramitochondrial CaM and CaMKII were partially involved in tBOOH-induced MPTP formation, since W7 and KN-62 both attenuated the tBOOH-induced, MPTP-mediated swelling of isolated mitochondria.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	61-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
24614978-7	2014	Intramitochondrial CaM and CaMKII were partially involved in tBOOH-induced MPTP formation, since W7 and KN-62 both attenuated the tBOOH-induced, MPTP-mediated swelling of isolated mitochondria.	tert-Butylhydroperoxide	130-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
25059564-4	2014	Furthermore, NMDA-induced augmentation of the expression of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS, sGC and cGMP localized in PCAs was decreased in MHE and DA-treated rats, as compared with the controls.	N-Methylaspartate	13-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
25059564-5	2014	Chronic exposure of cultured cerebral cortex PCAs to DA treatment induced a dose-dependent decrease in the concentration of intracellular calcium, nitrites and nitrates, the formation of cGMP and the expression of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS and sGC/cGMP.	Dopamine	53-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	222-225
25059564-6	2014	High doses of DA (50 microM) significantly reduced NMDA-induced augmentation of the formation of cGMP and the contents of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS, sGC and cGMP (P&lt;0.01).	Dopamine	14-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
25059564-6	2014	High doses of DA (50 microM) significantly reduced NMDA-induced augmentation of the formation of cGMP and the contents of NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS, sGC and cGMP (P&lt;0.01).	N-Methylaspartate	51-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
24650091-9	2014	In conclusion, this study provides evidence that melatonin has different impacts on the regulation of Calm1 and Camk.	Melatonin	49-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
23728952-6	2013	The addition of Se also promoted CaM expression and enhanced MLCK activation in uterine smooth muscle tissues.	Selenium	16-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
24627475-4	2014	CK2-mediated phosphorylation of calmodulin strengthened its binding to KCNQ2 channel, caused resistance to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate depletion, and increased KCNQ2 current amplitude.	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate	107-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
24627475-6	2014	This suppression was prevented by co-expression of CK2 phosphomimetic calmodulin mutants or pretreatment with a protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A.	calyculin A	143-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
23973605-2	2013	OBA inhibited Ca2+/CaM-dependent phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein in all cell types tested.	Cyclic AMP	52-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
23973605-3	2013	Moreover, Ca2+-dependent release of dopamine and acetylcholine from PC12 cells were remarkably reduced by OBA in a dose-dependent and temporal manner, but neurotransmitter release partially recovered with the addition of CaM in membrane permeabilized PC12 cells.	Dopamine	36-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-224
23973605-3	2013	Moreover, Ca2+-dependent release of dopamine and acetylcholine from PC12 cells were remarkably reduced by OBA in a dose-dependent and temporal manner, but neurotransmitter release partially recovered with the addition of CaM in membrane permeabilized PC12 cells.	Acetylcholine	49-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	221-224
23973605-4	2013	OBA and several synthetic CaM antagonists suppressed Ca2+-dependent glutamate release from cerebral cortical neurons, but not from cerebellar granule cells.	Glutamic Acid	68-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
23764359-8	2013	14-DAG acted as activator of adenylate cyclase and modulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediated expression of caveolin-1 and calmodulin.	14-deoxyandrographolide	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
23764359-8	2013	14-DAG acted as activator of adenylate cyclase and modulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediated expression of caveolin-1 and calmodulin.	Cyclic AMP	61-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
23764359-8	2013	14-DAG acted as activator of adenylate cyclase and modulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediated expression of caveolin-1 and calmodulin.	Cyclic AMP	73-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
23728952-7	2013	In conclusion, Ca(2+), CaM, and MLCK were regulated by Se in uterine smooth muscle; Se plays a major role in regulating smooth muscle contraction in the uterus.	Selenium	55-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
26201931-11	2013	Down-regulated NMDAR1, CaM, nNOS and sGC were also detected in neurons treated with dopamine, in contrast with the controls.	Dopamine	84-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
22877078-0	2013	Binding orientation and specificity of calmodulin to rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	67-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
24459849-0	2013	[Calmodulin inhibitors suppress a calcium signal from serotonin receptors in smooth muscle cells and remove the vasoconstrictive response upon intravenous introduction of serotonin].	Calcium	34-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	1-11
24459849-0	2013	[Calmodulin inhibitors suppress a calcium signal from serotonin receptors in smooth muscle cells and remove the vasoconstrictive response upon intravenous introduction of serotonin].	Serotonin	54-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	1-11
24459849-4	2013	It was found that the efficiency of calcium exchange suppression by calmodulin inhibitors correlates with the intensity at which they inhibit the contractile response of the aorta on the effect of serotonin.	Calcium	36-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
24459849-4	2013	It was found that the efficiency of calcium exchange suppression by calmodulin inhibitors correlates with the intensity at which they inhibit the contractile response of the aorta on the effect of serotonin.	Serotonin	197-206	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
24459849-5	2013	It was detected that the inhibiting effect of calmodulin blockers on calcium exchange in smooth muscle cells and the contractility of the rat isolated aorta during the activation of serotonin vasoconstrictive receptors are realized by a TRPV1-independent mechanism.	Calcium	69-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
23575574-1	2013	The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in the molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT), calcium signaling pathway Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-CaM kinaseIIalpha (CaMKIIalpha), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) apoptotic modulator caspase-12 in hippocampal neurons of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS), a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).	Calcium	107-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
23575574-1	2013	The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in the molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT), calcium signaling pathway Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-CaM kinaseIIalpha (CaMKIIalpha), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) apoptotic modulator caspase-12 in hippocampal neurons of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS), a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).	Calcium	107-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
23575574-1	2013	The purpose of the present study was to examine the changes in the molecular chaperone calreticulin (CRT), calcium signaling pathway Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-CaM kinaseIIalpha (CaMKIIalpha), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) apoptotic modulator caspase-12 in hippocampal neurons of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS), a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).	Sodium phenolsulfonate	323-326	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
23575574-4	2013	The intracellular free Ca(2+) and the CaM expression reached peak at 1 day post-SPS whereas the CaMKIIalpha had the opposite trend.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	80-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
22757692-8	2013	CANB1 plays a critical role in downregulated networks of calcium signaling and homeostasis through calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase II to highly interconnected structural networks dominated by tubulins.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
22757692-8	2013	CANB1 plays a critical role in downregulated networks of calcium signaling and homeostasis through calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase II to highly interconnected structural networks dominated by tubulins.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
22877078-2	2013	Recognition between CaM and its target sequence in rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (OLFp) was investigated by circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopy.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	65-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
23233753-8	2013	RyR2-bound CaM (but not FKBP12.6) drastically slowed DPc10 binding.	dpc10	53-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
23316081-5	2013	Mass analyses confirmed production of CaM containing N(3)-Y, but a significant amount of CaM containing 3-aminotyrosine was also detected.	n(3)-y	53-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
23316081-5	2013	Mass analyses confirmed production of CaM containing N(3)-Y, but a significant amount of CaM containing 3-aminotyrosine was also detected.	3-aminotyrosine	104-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
23316081-9	2013	Finally, we obtained up to 2 mg of CaM containing N(3)-Y per 100 ml of culture media, sufficient for use in various proteomics experiments, including photo-crosslinking.	n(3)-y	50-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
22988760-2	2012	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W-13 suppress vasoconstriction of the rat aorta in response to norepinephrine, serotonin, and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT and DOI, respectively) and do not affect the vasodilatory effect of 5HT1B-, 5HT2B-, and 5HT4-receptors.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22928743-4	2012	Here, we show that purified CNPase binds to the calcium sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) in a calcium-dependent manner; the binding site is in the N-terminal domain of CNPase.	Calcium	48-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
22928743-4	2012	Here, we show that purified CNPase binds to the calcium sensor protein calmodulin (CaM) in a calcium-dependent manner; the binding site is in the N-terminal domain of CNPase.	Calcium	48-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
23058053-0	2012	Effect of hypaconitine combined with liquiritin on the expression of calmodulin and connexin43 in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.	hypaconitine	10-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
23058053-0	2012	Effect of hypaconitine combined with liquiritin on the expression of calmodulin and connexin43 in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.	liquiritin	37-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
23058053-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin on calmodulin (CaM) expression and connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation on serine368 (Ser368), as well as to investigate the intervention of liquiritin on these hypaconitine-induced effects.	hypaconitine	36-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
23058053-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin on calmodulin (CaM) expression and connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation on serine368 (Ser368), as well as to investigate the intervention of liquiritin on these hypaconitine-induced effects.	hypaconitine	36-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
23058053-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CaM were significantly decreased by hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin.	hypaconitine	119-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
23058053-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CaM were significantly decreased by hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin.	liquiritin	161-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
23058053-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that hypaconitine could inhibit CaM expression and Cx43 (Ser368) phosphorylation, and liquiritin could interfere with this kind of effect by synergistically inhibiting CaM expression and by antagonizing Cx43 (Ser368) dephosphorylation induced by hypaconitine.	hypaconitine	38-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
23058053-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that hypaconitine could inhibit CaM expression and Cx43 (Ser368) phosphorylation, and liquiritin could interfere with this kind of effect by synergistically inhibiting CaM expression and by antagonizing Cx43 (Ser368) dephosphorylation induced by hypaconitine.	liquiritin	119-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-204
22683359-8	2012	Ca(++)/calmodulin and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways are found to play an important role in the intracellular regulation of [3H]-riboflavin.	Tritium	126-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
22910094-9	2012	In fact, CaM expression was enhanced by 8-pCPT treatment in isolated cells, as found by Western blots.	8-pcpt	40-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
22884799-3	2012	Calcium-free apo-CaM and Ca(2+)/CaM exert their effects by binding to and regulating the activity of CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs).	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
22884799-3	2012	Calcium-free apo-CaM and Ca(2+)/CaM exert their effects by binding to and regulating the activity of CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs).	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
22884799-3	2012	Calcium-free apo-CaM and Ca(2+)/CaM exert their effects by binding to and regulating the activity of CaM-binding proteins (CaMBPs).	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
22884799-8	2012	Here we show that CaM is constitutively expressed and secreted throughout asexual development in Dictyostelium where the presence of extracellular CaM dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation but increases cAMP mediated chemotaxis.	Cyclic AMP	210-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
22884799-8	2012	Here we show that CaM is constitutively expressed and secreted throughout asexual development in Dictyostelium where the presence of extracellular CaM dose-dependently inhibits cell proliferation but increases cAMP mediated chemotaxis.	Cyclic AMP	210-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
21195594-2	2012	In the present study, we examined changes in the expression of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent enzymes, including calpain, calcineurin, phospho-CaMKII (Thr286) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), in the rat dorsal and ventral hippocampus (DH and VH) after acute Pb(2+) exposure.	Lead	265-271	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
22683359-8	2012	Ca(++)/calmodulin and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways are found to play an important role in the intracellular regulation of [3H]-riboflavin.	Riboflavin	130-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
22988760-0	2012	[Involvement of calmodulin in realization of vasoconstrictive effects of serotonin and norepinephrin].	Serotonin	73-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
22988760-0	2012	[Involvement of calmodulin in realization of vasoconstrictive effects of serotonin and norepinephrin].	Norepinephrine	87-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
22988760-2	2012	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W-13 suppress vasoconstriction of the rat aorta in response to norepinephrine, serotonin, and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT and DOI, respectively) and do not affect the vasodilatory effect of 5HT1B-, 5HT2B-, and 5HT4-receptors.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	42-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22988760-2	2012	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W-13 suppress vasoconstriction of the rat aorta in response to norepinephrine, serotonin, and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT and DOI, respectively) and do not affect the vasodilatory effect of 5HT1B-, 5HT2B-, and 5HT4-receptors.	Norepinephrine	105-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22988760-2	2012	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W-13 suppress vasoconstriction of the rat aorta in response to norepinephrine, serotonin, and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT and DOI, respectively) and do not affect the vasodilatory effect of 5HT1B-, 5HT2B-, and 5HT4-receptors.	Serotonin	121-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22988760-2	2012	Calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W-13 suppress vasoconstriction of the rat aorta in response to norepinephrine, serotonin, and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptor agonists (8-OH-DPAT and DOI, respectively) and do not affect the vasodilatory effect of 5HT1B-, 5HT2B-, and 5HT4-receptors.	8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin	182-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
22988760-5	2012	The inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase KN93 decreases the vasoconstrictive response in response to norepinephrine and serotonin by only 20%.	Norepinephrine	124-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
22988760-5	2012	The inhibitor of calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase KN93 decreases the vasoconstrictive response in response to norepinephrine and serotonin by only 20%.	Serotonin	143-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
22988760-8	2012	It is assumed that the target of trifluoperazine and W-13 is calmodulin interacting directly with alpha1-adrenoceptors and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptors.	Trifluoperazine	33-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
22988760-8	2012	It is assumed that the target of trifluoperazine and W-13 is calmodulin interacting directly with alpha1-adrenoceptors and serotonin 5HT1A- and 5HT2A-receptors.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	53-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
22136030-6	2011	The TFP group was treated with lumbar intrathecal injection of Trinuoperazine (TFP) at a dose of 40 microL/kg, the inhibitor of CaM.	trinuoperazine	63-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
22416218-9	2012	The present results suggest that melatonin can inhibit bladder smooth muscle contraction through a voltage-dependent, calcium-antagonistic mechanism and through the inhibition of the calmodulin/CaMKII system.	Melatonin	33-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
22594572-7	2012	Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid might affect calcium actions during synapse transmission in the nervous system by interfering with SYNJ1, ITPR1, and CALM1 via their targeting miRNAs.	perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	0-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
22594572-7	2012	Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid might affect calcium actions during synapse transmission in the nervous system by interfering with SYNJ1, ITPR1, and CALM1 via their targeting miRNAs.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
22294157-2	2012	The goal of this study is to detect whether there are changes of CaM and CaMKIIalpha in dorsal raphe nucleus in the rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS), which is a model employed in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) study extensively.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	157-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
22294157-5	2012	Our results demonstrate that both expressions of CaM and CaMKIIalpha significantly increase (P &lt; 0.001) in the SPS 7d group than that in the control group, and then decreased dramatically (P &lt; 0.001) 14 days after SPS.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	114-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
22294157-5	2012	Our results demonstrate that both expressions of CaM and CaMKIIalpha significantly increase (P &lt; 0.001) in the SPS 7d group than that in the control group, and then decreased dramatically (P &lt; 0.001) 14 days after SPS.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	220-223	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
22294157-6	2012	Our results confirm that SPS induce changes of CaM/CaMKIIalpha in the dorsal raphe nucleus.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
21900509-3	2011	Here we show in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons that TRPM8 acute desensitization critically depends on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) availability rather than PIP(2) hydrolysis and is triggered by calmodulin activation.	Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate	104-141	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-224
22136030-6	2011	The TFP group was treated with lumbar intrathecal injection of Trinuoperazine (TFP) at a dose of 40 microL/kg, the inhibitor of CaM.	Trifluoperazine	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
21291882-0	2011	Intracerebroventricular administration of morphine confers remote cardioprotection--role of opioid receptors and calmodulin.	Morphine	42-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
21596105-10	2011	However, CaMKIIalpha was significantly upregulated with nicotine treatment while CaM showed downregulation at P14.	Nicotine	56-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
21507900-6	2011	Signaling studies revealed that Ca(2+)(cyt) elevations evoked by nicotine and concomitant depolarizing treatments served to activate a survival pathway involving the calcium effector protein calmodulin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.	Nicotine	65-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-201
21291882-7	2011	Furthermore, remote preconditioning by intracerebroventricular morphine increased the expression of CaM in the hippocampus and the plasma level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP).	Morphine	63-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
21291882-8	2011	The results of the present study provide evidence that the cardioprotection of remote preconditioning by intracerebroventricular morphine involves not only all three types of opioid receptors in the central nervous system, but also CaM, which releases CGRP, one of the mediators of remote preconditioning.	Morphine	129-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
21918260-13	2011	Increasing concentrations of flunarizine, a calmodulin antagonist, in a concentration-dependent way blocks binding between calcium and calmodulin, and at the same time leads to the shift of concentration-effect curves for serotonin to the right and a decrease of maximum reaction.	Flunarizine	29-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
21918260-13	2011	Increasing concentrations of flunarizine, a calmodulin antagonist, in a concentration-dependent way blocks binding between calcium and calmodulin, and at the same time leads to the shift of concentration-effect curves for serotonin to the right and a decrease of maximum reaction.	Flunarizine	29-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-145
21918260-13	2011	Increasing concentrations of flunarizine, a calmodulin antagonist, in a concentration-dependent way blocks binding between calcium and calmodulin, and at the same time leads to the shift of concentration-effect curves for serotonin to the right and a decrease of maximum reaction.	Serotonin	222-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
21918260-16	2011	Reaction of contraction induced by serotonin is stopped by a calmodulin antagonist, flunarizine.	Serotonin	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
21918260-16	2011	Reaction of contraction induced by serotonin is stopped by a calmodulin antagonist, flunarizine.	Flunarizine	84-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
21091651-4	2011	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Depressor responses to nicotine microinjected into the NTS of Wistar-Kyoto rats were elicited in the absence and presence of an antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid, a calmodulin-specific inhibitor, nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor, endothelial NOS (eNOS)-selective inhibitor or neuronal NOS (nNOS)-specific inhibitor.	Nicotine	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
21091651-6	2011	This depressor effect of nicotine was attenuated after pretreatment with a nAChR antagonist or blockers of the calmodulin-eNOS pathway.	Nicotine	25-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
21091651-8	2011	Calmodulin was found to bind eNOS after nicotine injection into NTS.	Nicotine	40-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
21568342-4	2011	We demonstrated herein that thromboxane A(2), the thrombogenic ratio of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, serum calmodulin, and soluble P-selectin were significantly decreased in rats fed a high fat diet supplemented with AEBR.	aebr	221-225	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
21291882-6	2011	Remote preconditioning by intracerebroventricular morphine reduced infarct size in the ischemic/reperfused myocardium, and the effect was abolished by the selective blockade of any one of the three delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors or CaM.	Morphine	50-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-241
19997993-7	2011	Without going through water maze test, iodine-deficient and 15 ppm PTU-treatment groups showed significantly lower CaMKII and calmodulin and significantly higher calcineurin than the controls in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions (P &lt; 0.05).	Iodine	39-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
19997993-7	2011	Without going through water maze test, iodine-deficient and 15 ppm PTU-treatment groups showed significantly lower CaMKII and calmodulin and significantly higher calcineurin than the controls in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions (P &lt; 0.05).	Propylthiouracil	67-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
19751214-3	2009	Ng presents a central IQ motif that mediates its binding to CaM and PA (phosphatidic acid) and that can be phosphorylated by PKC (protein kinase C).	Phosphatidic Acids	68-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
20682356-6	2010	In rings pre-contracted with Phe, the extracellular alkalinization caused relaxation in the endothelium-intact rings only, and this relaxation was maintained after cyclooxygenase inhibition; completely abolished by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Ca(2+)/calmodulin and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), and partially blunted by the caveolae disassembly.	Phenylephrine	29-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
20682356-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in rat thoracic aorta, that extracellular alkalinization with NaOH activates the NCX reverse mode of endothelial cells in rat thoracic aorta, thereby the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and activating the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent NOS.	Sodium Hydroxide	103-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	256-266
20363694-0	2010	The intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats.	W 7	52-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
20363694-0	2010	The intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, attenuates the development of morphine tolerance in rats.	Morphine	111-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
20363694-1	2010	The present study was performed to determine the effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of W-7, a specific calmodulin inhibitor, on the development of tolerance to antinociceptive effect morphine administration.	W 7	107-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
20363694-7	2010	In conclusion these data showed that chronic injection of W-7 inhibited the development of morphine tolerance which indicates that calmodulin and its dependent pathways may play a role in the morphine tolerance processes.	W 7	58-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
20363694-7	2010	In conclusion these data showed that chronic injection of W-7 inhibited the development of morphine tolerance which indicates that calmodulin and its dependent pathways may play a role in the morphine tolerance processes.	Morphine	91-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
20363694-7	2010	In conclusion these data showed that chronic injection of W-7 inhibited the development of morphine tolerance which indicates that calmodulin and its dependent pathways may play a role in the morphine tolerance processes.	Morphine	192-200	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
20654708-5	2010	The iodine-deficient and hypothyroid pups showed significantly lower level of neurogranin, CaMKII and CaM and significantly increased CaN in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions than the controls on PN14 and PN21 (P&lt;0.05, respectively).	Iodine	4-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
20938214-9	2010	In addition, genistein decreased the binding of eNOS with caveolin 3 and simultaneously promoted its binding with calmodulin and heat shock protein 90.	Genistein	13-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
19751214-3	2009	Ng presents a central IQ motif that mediates its binding to CaM and PA (phosphatidic acid) and that can be phosphorylated by PKC (protein kinase C).	Phosphatidic Acids	72-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
19055875-3	2009	Calmodulin activation is important for activity-induced cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation.	Cyclic AMP	56-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19885620-4	2009	In this study, we investigated changes in Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIalpha in the basolateral amygdala of rats after SPS which may reveal part of the pathogenesis of PTSD.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	105-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
19885620-9	2009	These findings suggest dysfunction of Ca2+-CaM-CaMKIIalpha in the basolateral amygdala of SPS rats, which may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PTSD rats.	Sodium phenolsulfonate	90-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
19055875-10	2009	RESULTS: The trifluoperazine injection could completely inhibit the environmental enrichment-induced activations of calmodulin and cAMP response element-binding protein.	Trifluoperazine	13-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
19055875-12	2009	CONCLUSION: This study proves that the activation of calmodulin is essential for an enriched environmental exposure-induced cAMP response element-binding protein activation, hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory improvement.	Cyclic AMP	124-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
19326454-4	2009	Calcium binds to calmodulin and activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates soluble guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
19487471-6	2009	Calmodulin inhibition also led to increased levels of ROS and apoptosis in cells exposed to bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from infected animals.	Reactive Oxygen Species	54-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19487471-7	2009	Supplementation of Amo with exogenous calmodulin increased survival signaling via GM-CSF and PI-3K and reduced ROS and apoptosis.	Reactive Oxygen Species	111-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19525372-7	2009	Furthermore, we found that the autophosphorylation at Thr(287), which confers Ca(2+)/CaM-independent activity, was not altered by I/R in both groups.	Threonine	54-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
19326454-4	2009	Calcium binds to calmodulin and activates neuronal nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide (NO), which activates soluble guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP.	Cyclic GMP	158-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	calmidazolium	0-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19318235-0	2009	Local control of mitochondrial membrane potential, permeability transition pore and reactive oxygen species by calcium and calmodulin in rat ventricular myocytes.	Reactive Oxygen Species	84-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
19318235-4	2009	(2) CaM accelerated calcein leakage from mitochondria, indicating the opening of mPTP, however this was prevented by AIP.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	81-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
19318235-5	2009	(3) Cyclosporin A (an inhibitor of the mPTP) inhibited both CaM-induced DeltaPsi(m) depolarization and calcein leakage.	Cyclosporine	4-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
19318235-5	2009	(3) Cyclosporin A (an inhibitor of the mPTP) inhibited both CaM-induced DeltaPsi(m) depolarization and calcein leakage.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	39-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
19318235-6	2009	(4) CaM increased mitochondrial ROS, which was related to DeltaPsi(m) depolarization and the opening of mPTP.	Reactive Oxygen Species	32-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
19318235-6	2009	(4) CaM increased mitochondrial ROS, which was related to DeltaPsi(m) depolarization and the opening of mPTP.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	104-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
19318235-9	2009	We conclude that CaM/CaMKII depolarized DeltaPsi(m) and opened mPTP by increasing ROS production, and these effects were strictly regulated by the local increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, initiated by Ca(2+) releases from the SR.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	63-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
19318235-9	2009	We conclude that CaM/CaMKII depolarized DeltaPsi(m) and opened mPTP by increasing ROS production, and these effects were strictly regulated by the local increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration, initiated by Ca(2+) releases from the SR.	Reactive Oxygen Species	82-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
19290671-1	2009	Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are modular, calmodulin- (CaM-) dependent, flavoheme enzymes that catalyze oxidation of l-arginine to generate nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline.	Arginine	117-127	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-60
19290671-1	2009	Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are modular, calmodulin- (CaM-) dependent, flavoheme enzymes that catalyze oxidation of l-arginine to generate nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline.	Nitric Oxide	140-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-60
19290671-1	2009	Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are modular, calmodulin- (CaM-) dependent, flavoheme enzymes that catalyze oxidation of l-arginine to generate nitric oxide (NO) and citrulline.	Citrulline	162-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-60
19367566-0	2009	Increased glycated calmodulin in the submandibular salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
19367566-2	2009	Calmodulin is an important calcium binding protein that complexed with Ca(2+) may be implicated in salivary gland secretory process.	Calcium	27-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19367566-3	2009	Glycated calmodulin has shown to be less effective in binding calcium.	Calcium	62-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
19367566-4	2009	The aim of this study was to determine whether the concentration of glycated-calmodulin may be elevated in the submandibular salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	144-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	KN 93	18-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Ionomycin	131-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Ionomycin	131-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Ionomycin	131-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	calmidazolium	0-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	calmidazolium	0-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	KN 93	18-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
19258027-7	2009	Calmidazolium and KN93, inhibitors of calmodulin and Ca(2+)-modulated protein (CaM) kinases respectively, attenuated the effect of ionomycin (10 microM) on CART mRNA levels suggesting a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	KN 93	18-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
19188439-2	2009	Calmodulin is a critical mediator of calcium signals.	Calcium	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19330287-6	2009	Inhibition of CaM by calmidazolium significantly decreased rOCT2 activity (-49.0 +/- 13.6%, n = 4) in male but not female (9.0 +/- 13.0%, n = 4) rats.	calmidazolium	21-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
19188439-3	2009	Because the amount of calmodulin within cardiomyocytes is limiting, the precise control of calmodulin expression is important for the regulation of calcium signaling.	Calcium	148-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
19188439-9	2009	Our data indicate that miR-1 regulates cardiomyocyte growth responses by negatively regulating the calcium signaling components calmodulin, Mef2a, and Gata4.	Calcium	99-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
19226536-10	2009	CaM strongly increased the potency for Ca(2+) extrusion in membranes incubated with 17-beta-estradiol and PREG.	Estradiol	84-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
19226536-0	2009	Calmodulin effects on steroids-regulated plasma membrane calcium pump activity.	Steroids	22-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
19038294-3	2009	Pretreatment with the calmodulin inhibitors W-7 (5 microM) or calmidazolium (5 microM) or with guanylyl cyclase inhibitor LY-83583 (5 microM) completely blocked HFS (20 Hz/20s)-induced gLTP in superior cervical ganglia isolated from normal rats.	W 7	44-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
19038294-3	2009	Pretreatment with the calmodulin inhibitors W-7 (5 microM) or calmidazolium (5 microM) or with guanylyl cyclase inhibitor LY-83583 (5 microM) completely blocked HFS (20 Hz/20s)-induced gLTP in superior cervical ganglia isolated from normal rats.	calmidazolium	62-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
20058172-3	2009	We developed a CaM-affinity capture method followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MSMS) to study the calcium-dependent CaM-binding proteome in rat brain.	Calcium	142-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
20058172-3	2009	We developed a CaM-affinity capture method followed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MSMS) to study the calcium-dependent CaM-binding proteome in rat brain.	Calcium	142-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
18562610-10	2008	This is the first example of CaM deregulating, rather than tightly controlling, calcium entry through an ion channel.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
18717591-1	2008	Calmodulin (CaM) activates NO synthase (NOS) by binding to a 20 amino acid interdomain hinge in the presence of Ca (2+), inducing electrons to be transferred from the FAD to the heme of the enzyme via a mobile FMN domain.	Heme	178-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
18717591-1	2008	Calmodulin (CaM) activates NO synthase (NOS) by binding to a 20 amino acid interdomain hinge in the presence of Ca (2+), inducing electrons to be transferred from the FAD to the heme of the enzyme via a mobile FMN domain.	Heme	178-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	NADP	103-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	NADP	103-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	311-314
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	112-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	112-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	311-314
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	158-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide	158-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	311-314
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin Mononucleotide	165-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
18717591-6	2008	The charge-reversal mutation R1229E has three dramatic effects on catalysis: (i) hydride transfer from NADPH to FAD is activated in the CaM-free enzyme, (ii) FAD to FMN electron transfer is inhibited in both forms, and (iii) electron transfer from FMN to the surrogate acceptor cytochrome c is activated in the CaM-free enzyme.	Flavin Mononucleotide	165-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	311-314
18562610-7	2008	We identified a novel 1-5-16 Ca(2+)-dependent CaM binding motif in the intracellular C terminus of P2X(7)R; mutations in this domain resulted in the absence of calcium-dependent facilitation and binding of CaM to unstimulated or stimulated receptor.	Calcium	160-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
18562610-9	2008	Our results demonstrate that CaM binds constitutively to closed P2X(7)R channels and dynamically during channel activation to significantly enhance and prolong calcium entry.	Calcium	160-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
18582483-0	2008	2,5-hexanedione (HD) treatment alters calmodulin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in rats" nerve tissues.	2,5-hexanedione	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
18582483-0	2008	2,5-hexanedione (HD) treatment alters calmodulin, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and protein kinase C in rats" nerve tissues.	2,5-hexanedione	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
18582483-1	2008	Calcium-dependent mechanisms, particularly those mediated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), have been implicated in neurotoxicant-induced neuropathy.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
18582483-1	2008	Calcium-dependent mechanisms, particularly those mediated by Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), have been implicated in neurotoxicant-induced neuropathy.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
19088444-0	2008	Reduced calmodulin expression accelerates transient outward potassium current inactivation in diabetic rat heart.	Potassium	60-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Alanine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Tryptophan	52-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Tryptophan	52-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18326489-9	2008	Within the CaM-binding region, Ala substitution for Trp-52 abolishes the CaM-binding activity, corroborating specific CaM-binding of p35.	Tryptophan	52-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
18395756-5	2008	In the present study, L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) demonstrated differential regulation of phosphorylation status of five different synaptosomal proteins (63, 53, 38, 23, and 16 kD) in both a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent and -independent manner.	Triiodothyronine	22-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
18395756-5	2008	In the present study, L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) demonstrated differential regulation of phosphorylation status of five different synaptosomal proteins (63, 53, 38, 23, and 16 kD) in both a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent and -independent manner.	Triiodothyronine	22-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
18395756-5	2008	In the present study, L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) demonstrated differential regulation of phosphorylation status of five different synaptosomal proteins (63, 53, 38, 23, and 16 kD) in both a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent and -independent manner.	Triiodothyronine	42-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
18395756-5	2008	In the present study, L-triiodothyronine (L-T3) demonstrated differential regulation of phosphorylation status of five different synaptosomal proteins (63, 53, 38, 23, and 16 kD) in both a Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent and -independent manner.	Triiodothyronine	42-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
18395756-7	2008	Ca(2+)/CaM further stimulated phosphorylation of 63- and 53-kD proteins by L-T3, which were inhibited both by EGTA (Ca(2+)-chelator) or KN62 (Ca(2+)/CaM kinase-II [CaMK-II] inhibitor), suggesting the role of CaMK-II.	Triiodothyronine	75-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
18395756-7	2008	Ca(2+)/CaM further stimulated phosphorylation of 63- and 53-kD proteins by L-T3, which were inhibited both by EGTA (Ca(2+)-chelator) or KN62 (Ca(2+)/CaM kinase-II [CaMK-II] inhibitor), suggesting the role of CaMK-II.	Triiodothyronine	75-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
18395756-7	2008	Ca(2+)/CaM further stimulated phosphorylation of 63- and 53-kD proteins by L-T3, which were inhibited both by EGTA (Ca(2+)-chelator) or KN62 (Ca(2+)/CaM kinase-II [CaMK-II] inhibitor), suggesting the role of CaMK-II.	Egtazic Acid	110-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
18395756-7	2008	Ca(2+)/CaM further stimulated phosphorylation of 63- and 53-kD proteins by L-T3, which were inhibited both by EGTA (Ca(2+)-chelator) or KN62 (Ca(2+)/CaM kinase-II [CaMK-II] inhibitor), suggesting the role of CaMK-II.	Egtazic Acid	110-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
18395756-7	2008	Ca(2+)/CaM further stimulated phosphorylation of 63- and 53-kD proteins by L-T3, which were inhibited both by EGTA (Ca(2+)-chelator) or KN62 (Ca(2+)/CaM kinase-II [CaMK-II] inhibitor), suggesting the role of CaMK-II.	KN 62	136-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-10
18395756-10	2008	Surprisingly, l-T3-induced phosphorylation of 16-kD protein was not augmented further with Ca(2+) or Ca(2+)/CaM; instead, the presence of CaM abolished the L-T3-induced phosphorylation.	Triiodothyronine	14-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
18395756-10	2008	Surprisingly, l-T3-induced phosphorylation of 16-kD protein was not augmented further with Ca(2+) or Ca(2+)/CaM; instead, the presence of CaM abolished the L-T3-induced phosphorylation.	Triiodothyronine	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
18322004-8	2008	Conversely, CDI in immature IHCs was reduced by calmodulin inhibitors.	1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole	12-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
18322004-9	2008	Thus voltage-gated calcium channels in mammalian IHCs are subject to a calmodulin-mediated process of CDI.	1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole	102-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
18322004-10	2008	The extent of CDI depends on the balance of calcium buffering mechanisms and may be regulated by calmodulin-specific processes.	1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole	14-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
17720197-13	2007	PTH released from the PTH/calmodulin microspheres resulted in an increase in serum calcium from a mean of 6.8 (6.7-6.9 mg/dL) to 8.1 mg/dL (7.8-8.2).	Calcium	83-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
17664023-3	2008	We analyzed the calmodulin (CaM) gene expression in these nuclei after dithranol-induced inflammation and subsequent treatment with corticosteroid in the infraorbital skin.	Anthralin	71-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
17664023-3	2008	We analyzed the calmodulin (CaM) gene expression in these nuclei after dithranol-induced inflammation and subsequent treatment with corticosteroid in the infraorbital skin.	Anthralin	71-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
17664023-4	2008	CaM gene-specific mRNA populations were detected through quantitative image analysis of the distribution of CaM gene-specific riboprobes in brain stem cryostat sections of control rats and rats chronically treated with dithranol, corticosteroid or both.	Anthralin	219-228	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17664023-8	2008	Subsequent corticosteroid treatment reversed the stimulatory effects of dithranol on the expression of all the CaM genes in the Mo5, but was without significant effects on the CaM I and II genes, or even increased the CaM III mRNA contents in the Pr5.	Anthralin	72-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
17561934-5	2007	The oxotremorine-induced decrease in the H-effect was calcium and calmodulin-dependent.	Oxotremorine	4-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
17561934-9	2007	It seems that a substantial part of the H-effect can be physiologically regulated by this negative feedback loop, i.e., by NO from muscle fiber; there is apparently also Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent regulation of ACh non-quantal release in the nerve terminal itself, as calmidazolium inhibition of the calmodulin led to a doubling of the resting H-effect.	Acetylcholine	217-220	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
17561934-9	2007	It seems that a substantial part of the H-effect can be physiologically regulated by this negative feedback loop, i.e., by NO from muscle fiber; there is apparently also Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent regulation of ACh non-quantal release in the nerve terminal itself, as calmidazolium inhibition of the calmodulin led to a doubling of the resting H-effect.	calmidazolium	274-287	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
17667142-9	2007	Estradiol and genistein treatment did not modify endothelial NOS, but normalized caveolin-1 and angiotensin II receptor and increased calmodulin-1 expression.	Estradiol	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-146
17667142-9	2007	Estradiol and genistein treatment did not modify endothelial NOS, but normalized caveolin-1 and angiotensin II receptor and increased calmodulin-1 expression.	Genistein	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-146
17425311-9	2007	The IET rate constant in the presence of CaM is 36 s-1, whereas no IET was observed in the absence of CaM.	1-(4-CYANO-PHENYL)-3-[2-(2,6-DICHLORO-PHENYL)-1-IMINO-ETHYL]-THIOUREA	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
17579717-2	2007	Paradoxically, classical anti-psychotic, anti-calmodulin drugs were noted here to inhibit Ca(2+)-uptake via the vanilloid inducible Ca(2+)-channel/inflamatory pain receptor 1 (TRPV1), which suggests that calmodulin inhibitors may block pore formation and Ca(2+) entry.	Capsaicin	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
17579717-2	2007	Paradoxically, classical anti-psychotic, anti-calmodulin drugs were noted here to inhibit Ca(2+)-uptake via the vanilloid inducible Ca(2+)-channel/inflamatory pain receptor 1 (TRPV1), which suggests that calmodulin inhibitors may block pore formation and Ca(2+) entry.	Capsaicin	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-214
17579717-5	2007	Camstatin, a selective peptide blocker of calmodulin, inhibits vanilloid-induced Ca(2+)-uptake in intact TRPV1(+) cells, and suggests an extracellular site of inhibition.	camstatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
17579717-5	2007	Camstatin, a selective peptide blocker of calmodulin, inhibits vanilloid-induced Ca(2+)-uptake in intact TRPV1(+) cells, and suggests an extracellular site of inhibition.	Capsaicin	63-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-52
17579717-7	2007	Among them, calmidazolium, the most effective calmodulin agonist, blocked Ca(2+)-entry by a non-competitive kinetics, affecting the TRPV1 at a different site than the vanilloid binding pocket.	calmidazolium	12-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
17579717-9	2007	Calmodulin antagonist-evoked inhibition of TRPV1 and NMDA receptors/Ca(2+)-channels was validated by microiontophoresis of calmidazolium to laminectomised rat monitored with extracellular single unit recordings in vivo.	calmidazolium	123-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17137623-2	2007	The effect of calcium on actin is mediated in large part through calmodulin.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
17482793-0	2007	Ethanol affects calmodulin and the calmodulin-binding proteins neuronal nitric oxide synthase and alphaII-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in the nucleus of growing and differentiated rat astrocytes in primary culture.	Ethanol	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
17482793-0	2007	Ethanol affects calmodulin and the calmodulin-binding proteins neuronal nitric oxide synthase and alphaII-spectrin (alpha-fodrin) in the nucleus of growing and differentiated rat astrocytes in primary culture.	Ethanol	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
17295609-4	2007	In vitro binding assays revealed that Ng selectively binds to PA (phosphatidic acid) and that this interaction is prevented by CaM and PKC phosphorylation.	Phosphatidic Acids	62-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
17295609-4	2007	In vitro binding assays revealed that Ng selectively binds to PA (phosphatidic acid) and that this interaction is prevented by CaM and PKC phosphorylation.	Phosphatidic Acids	66-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
17425311-12	2007	This work provides the first direct measurement of CaM-controlled electron transfer between catalytically significant redox couples of FMN and heme in a nNOS holoenzyme.	Flavin Mononucleotide	135-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
17425311-12	2007	This work provides the first direct measurement of CaM-controlled electron transfer between catalytically significant redox couples of FMN and heme in a nNOS holoenzyme.	Heme	143-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
17280489-2	2007	The present report is focused on involvement of iron-dependent redox signaling in spatial coordination of lung CAM due to either a pulmonary trauma or endotracheal iron administration in rats.	Iron	48-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
17470519-6	2007	Nifedipine, KN-62, and W-7, specific inhibitors of the L-type calcium channel, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and calmodulin respectively, attenuated CRH/cAMP-induced activation of promoters with three copies of either Tpit/PitxRE or NurRE, indicating that both Tpit/PitxRE and NurRE mediate CRH-induced activation of POMC gene expression in a calcium-dependent manner.	Nifedipine	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
17470519-6	2007	Nifedipine, KN-62, and W-7, specific inhibitors of the L-type calcium channel, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and calmodulin respectively, attenuated CRH/cAMP-induced activation of promoters with three copies of either Tpit/PitxRE or NurRE, indicating that both Tpit/PitxRE and NurRE mediate CRH-induced activation of POMC gene expression in a calcium-dependent manner.	Nifedipine	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
17470519-6	2007	Nifedipine, KN-62, and W-7, specific inhibitors of the L-type calcium channel, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and calmodulin respectively, attenuated CRH/cAMP-induced activation of promoters with three copies of either Tpit/PitxRE or NurRE, indicating that both Tpit/PitxRE and NurRE mediate CRH-induced activation of POMC gene expression in a calcium-dependent manner.	Cyclic AMP	163-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
17470519-6	2007	Nifedipine, KN-62, and W-7, specific inhibitors of the L-type calcium channel, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and calmodulin respectively, attenuated CRH/cAMP-induced activation of promoters with three copies of either Tpit/PitxRE or NurRE, indicating that both Tpit/PitxRE and NurRE mediate CRH-induced activation of POMC gene expression in a calcium-dependent manner.	Cyclic AMP	163-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
17343827-2	2007	In aged animals, this is accompanied by a reduction in oxidative repair mechanisms resulting in increased methionine oxidation of the calcium signaling protein calmodulin in the brain.	Methionine	106-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
17343827-3	2007	Here, we show that oxidation of calmodulin results in an inability to: (1) activate CaMKII; (2) support Thr(286) autophosphorylation of CaMKII; (3) prevent Thr(305/6) autophosphorylation of CaMKII; (4) support binding of CaMKII to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor; and (5) compete with alpha-actinin for binding to CaMKII.	Threonine	104-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
17343827-3	2007	Here, we show that oxidation of calmodulin results in an inability to: (1) activate CaMKII; (2) support Thr(286) autophosphorylation of CaMKII; (3) prevent Thr(305/6) autophosphorylation of CaMKII; (4) support binding of CaMKII to the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor; and (5) compete with alpha-actinin for binding to CaMKII.	Threonine	156-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
17280489-2	2007	The present report is focused on involvement of iron-dependent redox signaling in spatial coordination of lung CAM due to either a pulmonary trauma or endotracheal iron administration in rats.	Iron	164-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
17098364-1	2007	A sigmoid-type dependence on the inhibitor concentration was observed in the cytochrome c reductase activity for peptide inhibitors (mastoparan and melittin), calmodulin antagonists (W-7 and tamoxifen) and monobutyltin in a reconstituted system comprised of recombinant rat neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) and calmodulin (CaM).	W 7	183-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-169
17224136-0	2007	Prevention of 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death by calmodulin inhibition.	7-ketocholesterol	14-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
17224136-2	2007	The present study investigated the effect of calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) against the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and oxidative stress.	Trifluoperazine	69-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
17224136-2	2007	The present study investigated the effect of calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) against the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and oxidative stress.	calmidazolium	94-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
17224136-2	2007	The present study investigated the effect of calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) against the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and oxidative stress.	7-ketocholesterol	137-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
17224136-5	2007	Calmodulin antagonists attenuated the 7-ketocholesterol-induced nuclear damage, formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition and cell viability loss in PC12 cells.	7-ketocholesterol	38-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17224136-6	2007	The results suggest that calmodulin antagonists may prevent the 7-ketocholesterol-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by suppressing formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition, leading to the release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase-3.	7-ketocholesterol	64-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
17224136-8	2007	The findings suggest that calmodulin inhibition may exhibit a protective effect against the neurotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol.	7-ketocholesterol	109-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
17196179-12	2007	Thus, the study documented regional distributions of NOS, NAD(P)H oxidase, antioxidant enzymes, sGC and calmodulin which collectively regulate production and biological activities of NO and superoxide, the two important small molecular size signaling molecules.	Superoxides	190-200	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
17098364-5	2007	Monobutyltin, tamoxifen and W-7 were found to inhibit nNOS activity by binding to the CaM binding site of the nNOS homodimer, in addition to the binding of the inhibitors to calmodulin.	Tamoxifen	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
17098364-5	2007	Monobutyltin, tamoxifen and W-7 were found to inhibit nNOS activity by binding to the CaM binding site of the nNOS homodimer, in addition to the binding of the inhibitors to calmodulin.	Tamoxifen	14-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
17098364-5	2007	Monobutyltin, tamoxifen and W-7 were found to inhibit nNOS activity by binding to the CaM binding site of the nNOS homodimer, in addition to the binding of the inhibitors to calmodulin.	W 7	28-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
17098364-5	2007	Monobutyltin, tamoxifen and W-7 were found to inhibit nNOS activity by binding to the CaM binding site of the nNOS homodimer, in addition to the binding of the inhibitors to calmodulin.	W 7	28-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
17098364-6	2007	These compounds inhibited the L-citrulline formation of nNOS from L-arginine, and the inhibitory effects were abrogated by raising the concentration of calmodulin.	Citrulline	30-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
17098364-6	2007	These compounds inhibited the L-citrulline formation of nNOS from L-arginine, and the inhibitory effects were abrogated by raising the concentration of calmodulin.	Arginine	66-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
17007611-0	2007	Chronic administration of genistein improves endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats: involvement of eNOS, caveolin and calmodulin expression and NADPH oxidase activity.	Genistein	26-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
16530419-3	2006	Immunoblot analysis showed that chronic nicotine treatment (1 mg/kg, 2 times/day) normalized the stress-induced decrease in the basal levels of BDNF, CaMKII (total and phosphorylated; P-CaMKII), and calmodulin.	Nicotine	40-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-209
16912065-8	2007	In patch-clamp experiments, Na(V) currents were suppressed by calmodulin inhibitory peptide (CIP; 100 nM) or the CaM inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulphonamide hydrochloride (W7).	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulphonamide hydrochloride	127-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
16953335-5	2007	The effect of OGD was primarily mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) because OGD upregulated the production of ROS and the inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, free radical scavengers reduced OGD-induced ROS production, while increased the expression of BPRP in PC12 cells.	Reactive Oxygen Species	44-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
16953335-5	2007	The effect of OGD was primarily mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) because OGD upregulated the production of ROS and the inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, free radical scavengers reduced OGD-induced ROS production, while increased the expression of BPRP in PC12 cells.	Reactive Oxygen Species	69-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
16953335-5	2007	The effect of OGD was primarily mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) because OGD upregulated the production of ROS and the inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, free radical scavengers reduced OGD-induced ROS production, while increased the expression of BPRP in PC12 cells.	Reactive Oxygen Species	116-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
16953335-5	2007	The effect of OGD was primarily mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) because OGD upregulated the production of ROS and the inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, free radical scavengers reduced OGD-induced ROS production, while increased the expression of BPRP in PC12 cells.	Reactive Oxygen Species	116-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
17151911-0	2007	Differential modulation of 7-ketocholesterol toxicity against PC12 cells by calmodulin antagonists and Ca2+ channel blockers.	7-ketocholesterol	27-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
17151911-1	2007	The present study assessed the influence of intracellular Ca2+ and calmodulin against the neurotoxicity of oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol in relation to the mitochondria-mediated cell death process and oxidative stress in PC12 cells.	oxysterol 7-ketocholesterol	107-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
17151911-2	2007	Calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and W-7 prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death, whereas Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red, and cell permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM did not reduce it.	calmidazolium	23-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-2	2007	Calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and W-7 prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death, whereas Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red, and cell permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM did not reduce it.	W 7	41-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-2	2007	Calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and W-7 prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death, whereas Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red, and cell permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM did not reduce it.	7-ketocholesterol	59-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-2	2007	Calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and W-7 prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death, whereas Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red, and cell permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM did not reduce it.	Ruthenium Red	233-246	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-2	2007	Calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium and W-7 prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced mitochondrial damage, leading to caspase-3 activation and cell death, whereas Ca2+ channel blocker nicardipine, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake inhibitor ruthenium red, and cell permeable Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM did not reduce it.	1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester	281-289	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-4	2007	Unlike cell injury, calmodulin antagonists, nicardipine, and BAPTA-AM prevented the 7-ketocholesterol-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+ levels.	7-ketocholesterol	84-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
17151911-5	2007	The results show that the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol seems to be modulated by calmodulin rather than changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels.	7-ketocholesterol	42-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
17151911-6	2007	Calmodulin antagonists may prevent the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation, which is associated with the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH.	7-ketocholesterol	55-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-6	2007	Calmodulin antagonists may prevent the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation, which is associated with the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH.	Reactive Oxygen Species	193-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
17151911-6	2007	Calmodulin antagonists may prevent the cytotoxicity of 7-ketocholesterol by suppressing the mitochondrial permeability transition formation, which is associated with the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and the depletion of GSH.	Glutathione	238-241	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16804760-2	2006	Nicardipine (a calcium channel blocker), EGTA (an extracellular calcium chelator), BAPTA-AM (a cell permeable calcium chelator) and calmodulin antagonists (W-7 and calmidazolium) attenuated the MPP(+)-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death.	mangion-purified polysaccharide (Candida albicans)	194-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
17007611-7	2007	Genistein increased aortic calmodulin-1 protein abundance and eNOS activity, and reduced NADPH-induced O(2)(-) production in SHRs.	Genistein	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-39
17284177-5	2007	Some types of learning depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation, which increases intracellular calcium that binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide formation that activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP formation.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
17284177-5	2007	Some types of learning depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation, which increases intracellular calcium that binds to calmodulin and activates nitric oxide synthase, increasing nitric oxide formation that activates guanylate cyclase, increasing cGMP formation.	Cyclic GMP	254-258	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
17284177-10	2007	Increased calmodulin content and activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide contributed to the increased function of the pathway.	Nitric Oxide	76-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
16678970-8	2006	Calmodulin antagonists (ophiobolin-A and calmodulin inhibitory peptide) largely blocked the effect of olvanil and capsaicin on voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel current.	olvanil	102-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16678970-8	2006	Calmodulin antagonists (ophiobolin-A and calmodulin inhibitory peptide) largely blocked the effect of olvanil and capsaicin on voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel current.	olvanil	102-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
16678970-8	2006	Calmodulin antagonists (ophiobolin-A and calmodulin inhibitory peptide) largely blocked the effect of olvanil and capsaicin on voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel current.	Capsaicin	114-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16678970-8	2006	Calmodulin antagonists (ophiobolin-A and calmodulin inhibitory peptide) largely blocked the effect of olvanil and capsaicin on voltage-activated Ca(2+) channel current.	Capsaicin	114-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
16201970-7	2005	Ca2+-independent contraction of calmodulin-depleted tissue in response to microcystin was resistant to MLCK inhibitors [AV25 (a 25-amino-acid peptide derived from the autoinhibitory domain of MLCK), ML-7, ML-9 and wortmannin], protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) and Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and H-1152), but blocked by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	microcystin	74-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
16700546-5	2006	The IET rate constant in the presence of CaM (262 s(-)(1)) was increased approximately 10-fold compared to that in the absence of CaM (22 s(-)(1)).	1-(4-CYANO-PHENYL)-3-[2-(2,6-DICHLORO-PHENYL)-1-IMINO-ETHYL]-THIOUREA	4-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
16700546-7	2006	This work provides the first direct evidence of the CaM control of electron transfer (ET) between FMN and heme domains through facilitation of the FMN/heme interactions in the output state.	Flavin Mononucleotide	98-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
16700546-7	2006	This work provides the first direct evidence of the CaM control of electron transfer (ET) between FMN and heme domains through facilitation of the FMN/heme interactions in the output state.	Heme	106-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
16700546-7	2006	This work provides the first direct evidence of the CaM control of electron transfer (ET) between FMN and heme domains through facilitation of the FMN/heme interactions in the output state.	Flavin Mononucleotide	147-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
16700546-7	2006	This work provides the first direct evidence of the CaM control of electron transfer (ET) between FMN and heme domains through facilitation of the FMN/heme interactions in the output state.	Heme	151-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
16700546-8	2006	Therefore, CaM controls IET between heme and FMN domains by a conformational gated mechanism.	1-(4-CYANO-PHENYL)-3-[2-(2,6-DICHLORO-PHENYL)-1-IMINO-ETHYL]-THIOUREA	24-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
16700546-8	2006	Therefore, CaM controls IET between heme and FMN domains by a conformational gated mechanism.	Heme	36-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
16545345-5	2006	Neurons expressing the mutant had low responses of calmodulin-dependent signaling to membrane depolarization by high KCl and became resistant to glutamate-triggered excitotoxic neuronal cell death compared with the vector or wild-type calmodulin-transfected cells, indicating that blocking calmodulin function is protective against excitotoxic insult.	Potassium Chloride	117-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
16545345-5	2006	Neurons expressing the mutant had low responses of calmodulin-dependent signaling to membrane depolarization by high KCl and became resistant to glutamate-triggered excitotoxic neuronal cell death compared with the vector or wild-type calmodulin-transfected cells, indicating that blocking calmodulin function is protective against excitotoxic insult.	Glutamic Acid	145-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	235-245
16545345-5	2006	Neurons expressing the mutant had low responses of calmodulin-dependent signaling to membrane depolarization by high KCl and became resistant to glutamate-triggered excitotoxic neuronal cell death compared with the vector or wild-type calmodulin-transfected cells, indicating that blocking calmodulin function is protective against excitotoxic insult.	Glutamic Acid	145-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	235-245
16673813-10	2006	The activities of phosphorylase a enhanced in all treated groups, and fenvalerate increased the total content of calmodulin significantly in estrus period.	fenvalerate	70-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
16307449-5	2006	Stress also facilitated the induction of LTD. Nicotine treatment of stressed rats prevented stress-induced enhancement and facilitation of LTD. For chronically stressed rats, we previously reported marked decreases in the basal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), CaMKII, P-CaMKII, and calmodulin as well as a significant increase in calcineurin basal levels.	Nicotine	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	302-312
16452716-8	2006	MARCKS translocation in ionomycin activated eggs was also inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W7).	Ionomycin	24-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
16452716-8	2006	MARCKS translocation in ionomycin activated eggs was also inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W7).	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-napthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride	96-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
16949651-1	2006	We investigated the expression patterns of the three calmodulin (CaM) genes, using in situ hybridization techniques, to detect gene-specific [(35)S]- and digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes complementary to the multiple CaM mRNAs in the nuclei of the midbrain-brain stem region of the adult rat.	Digoxigenin	154-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
16949651-1	2006	We investigated the expression patterns of the three calmodulin (CaM) genes, using in situ hybridization techniques, to detect gene-specific [(35)S]- and digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes complementary to the multiple CaM mRNAs in the nuclei of the midbrain-brain stem region of the adult rat.	Digoxigenin	154-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
17668702-7	2006	AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate if tacrine induces reduction of calcium ions through chelation and/or inhibits directly calmodulin"s participation in the contractile processes, thus causing smooth muscle relaxation which is not characteristic of a typical acetylcholinesterase blocker.	Tacrine	49-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
17668702-13	2006	In the presence of trifluoperazine (a calmodulin blocker) 1 x 10(-4) mol/l tacrine causes relaxation which is commensurable with that in the controls.	Trifluoperazine	19-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
17668702-13	2006	In the presence of trifluoperazine (a calmodulin blocker) 1 x 10(-4) mol/l tacrine causes relaxation which is commensurable with that in the controls.	Tacrine	75-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
17668702-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Tacrine-induced smooth muscle relaxation is not a result of the reduction of the effective Ca2+ concentrations as a result of chelation between tacrine and Ca2+ and it is not related to the tacrine effects on calmodulin.	Tacrine	13-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	222-232
16256941-6	2005	Overexpression of CaM in cultured rat cardiomyocytes activated the ANF gene promoter in a manner sensitive to FK506.	Tacrolimus	110-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
17668702-0	2006	Effect of tacrine on cytosolic Ca2+ level and calmodulin in gastric muscle tissues of rat.	Tacrine	10-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
16201970-1	2005	Smooth muscle contraction is activated by phosphorylation at Ser-19 of LC20 (the 20 kDa light chains of myosin II) by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent MLCK (myosin light-chain kinase).	Serine	61-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
16201970-7	2005	Ca2+-independent contraction of calmodulin-depleted tissue in response to microcystin was resistant to MLCK inhibitors [AV25 (a 25-amino-acid peptide derived from the autoinhibitory domain of MLCK), ML-7, ML-9 and wortmannin], protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) and Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and H-1152), but blocked by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	Wortmannin	214-224	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
16201970-7	2005	Ca2+-independent contraction of calmodulin-depleted tissue in response to microcystin was resistant to MLCK inhibitors [AV25 (a 25-amino-acid peptide derived from the autoinhibitory domain of MLCK), ML-7, ML-9 and wortmannin], protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) and Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and H-1152), but blocked by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	Y 27632	304-311	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
16201970-7	2005	Ca2+-independent contraction of calmodulin-depleted tissue in response to microcystin was resistant to MLCK inhibitors [AV25 (a 25-amino-acid peptide derived from the autoinhibitory domain of MLCK), ML-7, ML-9 and wortmannin], protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) and Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and H-1152), but blocked by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	2-methyl-1-((4-methyl-5-isoquinolinyl)sulfonyl)homopiperazine	316-322	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
16201970-7	2005	Ca2+-independent contraction of calmodulin-depleted tissue in response to microcystin was resistant to MLCK inhibitors [AV25 (a 25-amino-acid peptide derived from the autoinhibitory domain of MLCK), ML-7, ML-9 and wortmannin], protein kinase C inhibitor (GF109203X) and Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and H-1152), but blocked by the non-selective kinase inhibitor staurosporine.	Staurosporine	375-388	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
16708801-5	2005	The effects were diminished by H-7 and W-7, an antagonist of protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin (CaM) (P &lt; 0.01).	1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
16708801-5	2005	The effects were diminished by H-7 and W-7, an antagonist of protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin (CaM) (P &lt; 0.01).	W 7	39-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
16144659-0	2005	Differential effect of calmodulin antagonists on MG132-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in PC12 cells.	benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	49-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
16297382-0	2005	Melatonin modulates rat myotube-acetylcholine receptors by inhibiting calmodulin.	Melatonin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
16297382-21	2005	On the other hand, calmidazolium, a classical inhibitor of calmodulin, reduced in a similar manner both effects.	calmidazolium	19-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
16297382-22	2005	Considering that one isoform of adenylyl cyclase present in rat myotubes is regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin, we propose that melatonin modulates the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors via reduction in cyclic AMP accumulation.	Melatonin	122-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
16144659-4	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM.	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-4	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM.	W 7	41-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-4	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM.	calmidazolium	49-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-4	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM.	benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	108-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-4	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) had a differential inhibitory effect on the MG132-induced cell death and GSH depletion depending on concentration with a maximal inhibitory effect at 0.5-1 microM.	Glutathione	137-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-6	2005	Calmodulin antagonists at 5 microM exhibited a cytotoxic effect on PC12 cells but attenuated the cytotoxicity of MG132.	benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	113-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
16144659-8	2005	Trifluoperazine and W-7 at the concentrations of 0.5-1 microM may attenuate the MG132-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by suppressing change in the mitochondrial membrane permeability and by lowering of the intracellular Ca(2+) levels as well as calmodulin inhibition.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
16144659-8	2005	Trifluoperazine and W-7 at the concentrations of 0.5-1 microM may attenuate the MG132-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by suppressing change in the mitochondrial membrane permeability and by lowering of the intracellular Ca(2+) levels as well as calmodulin inhibition.	W 7	20-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
16144659-8	2005	Trifluoperazine and W-7 at the concentrations of 0.5-1 microM may attenuate the MG132-induced viability loss in PC12 cells by suppressing change in the mitochondrial membrane permeability and by lowering of the intracellular Ca(2+) levels as well as calmodulin inhibition.	benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde	80-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	250-260
28925828-9	2005	Calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine showed similar inhibitory effect as JuA, which may indicate that the effect of JuA is correlated with its anticalmodulin action.	Trifluoperazine	22-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15994335-6	2005	Binding of FKBP12, calcineurin, and calmodulin to TRPC6 channels is blocked by the following: 1) inhibition of PKC; 2) mutation of the PKC phosphorylation site (Ser(7168/714)) in the channels; or 3) pretreatment with FK506 or rapamycin, immunosuppressants that directly bind FKBP12.	Serine	161-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
15994335-6	2005	Binding of FKBP12, calcineurin, and calmodulin to TRPC6 channels is blocked by the following: 1) inhibition of PKC; 2) mutation of the PKC phosphorylation site (Ser(7168/714)) in the channels; or 3) pretreatment with FK506 or rapamycin, immunosuppressants that directly bind FKBP12.	Tacrolimus	217-222	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
15994335-6	2005	Binding of FKBP12, calcineurin, and calmodulin to TRPC6 channels is blocked by the following: 1) inhibition of PKC; 2) mutation of the PKC phosphorylation site (Ser(7168/714)) in the channels; or 3) pretreatment with FK506 or rapamycin, immunosuppressants that directly bind FKBP12.	Sirolimus	226-235	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
15845868-0	2005	Effect of chronic ethanol administration on hepatic eNOS activity and its association with caveolin-1 and calmodulin in female rats.	Ethanol	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
15845868-8	2005	The binding of caveolin-1 and calmodulin with eNOS was increased and decreased, respectively, in alcohol-treated rats.	Alcohols	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	258-268
16129978-8	2005	Preconditioning protection was eliminated by the mitogen-activated extracellular kinase inhibitor U0126, which prevented phosphorylation of p44 during preconditioning, and by calmidazolium, which antagonizes the effects of Ca2+-bound calmodulin.	U 0126	98-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
16129978-8	2005	Preconditioning protection was eliminated by the mitogen-activated extracellular kinase inhibitor U0126, which prevented phosphorylation of p44 during preconditioning, and by calmidazolium, which antagonizes the effects of Ca2+-bound calmodulin.	calmidazolium	175-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-244
16129978-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.	Isoflurane	13-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	273-283
15893329-3	2005	Digoxigenin-labeled CaM gene-specific riboprobes were detected with nanogold-anti-digoxigenin antibody conjugate.	Digoxigenin	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
15893329-3	2005	Digoxigenin-labeled CaM gene-specific riboprobes were detected with nanogold-anti-digoxigenin antibody conjugate.	Digoxigenin	82-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
15802800-0	2005	DY-9760e, a calmodulin antagonist, reduces brain damage after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in cats.	3-(2-(4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)1-piperazinyl)ethyl)5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazol dihydrochloride 3.5 hydrate	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
15802800-1	2005	DY-9760e (3-[2-[4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazole dihydrochloride 3.5 hydrate), a calmodulin antagonist, provides protection against Ca(2+) overload-associated cytotoxicity and brain injury after cerebral ischemia in rats.	3-(2-(4-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)1-piperazinyl)ethyl)5,6-dimethoxy-1-(4-imidazolylmethyl)-1H-indazol dihydrochloride 3.5 hydrate	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
15701815-0	2005	Calmodulin mediates norepinephrine-induced receptor-operated calcium entry in preglomerular resistance arteries.	Norepinephrine	20-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15701815-0	2005	Calmodulin mediates norepinephrine-induced receptor-operated calcium entry in preglomerular resistance arteries.	Calcium	61-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15701815-7	2005	Two different calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and trifluoperazine) also blocked the NE-induced Ca(2+) entry.	W 7	37-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
15701815-7	2005	Two different calmodulin inhibitors (W-7 and trifluoperazine) also blocked the NE-induced Ca(2+) entry.	Trifluoperazine	45-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
15710610-0	2005	Calmodulin is required for vasopressin-stimulated increase in cyclic AMP production in inner medullary collecting duct.	Cyclic AMP	62-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15710610-1	2005	Calmodulin plays a critical role in regulation of renal collecting duct water permeability by vasopressin.	Water	72-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15710610-5	2005	Vasopressin-stimulated cAMP elevation was significantly attenuated in the presence of calmodulin inhibitors.	Cyclic AMP	23-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
15710610-7	2005	Calmodulin inhibitors also blocked both cholera toxin- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	Colforsin	59-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15710610-7	2005	Calmodulin inhibitors also blocked both cholera toxin- and forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation.	Cyclic AMP	80-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15665859-17	2005	In conclusion, erythromycin inhibits leukocyte recruitment in the lung and this effect appears mediated through downregulation of CAM expression.	Erythromycin	15-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
15627517-3	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) at 0.5-1 microM significantly reduced the loss of cell viability in PC12 cells treated with 500 microM MPP+.	Trifluoperazine	24-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15627517-3	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) at 0.5-1 microM significantly reduced the loss of cell viability in PC12 cells treated with 500 microM MPP+.	W 7	41-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15627517-3	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) at 0.5-1 microM significantly reduced the loss of cell viability in PC12 cells treated with 500 microM MPP+.	calmidazolium	49-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15627517-3	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine, W-7 and calmidazolium) at 0.5-1 microM significantly reduced the loss of cell viability in PC12 cells treated with 500 microM MPP+.	mangion-purified polysaccharide (Candida albicans)	167-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15627517-6	2005	Calmodulin antagonists (0.5-1 microM) significantly reduced rotenone-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death, whereas they did not attenuate cell death and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels due to H2O2 or ionomycin.	Rotenone	60-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15341519-4	2004	We have confirmed the differential expression of selected transcripts by non-radioactive in situ hybridization, and report that the growth factor pleiotrophin, myelin basic protein and calmodulin are overexpressed in the denervated striatum of levodopa-treated rats.	Levodopa	244-252	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
15289895-4	2004	Protein phosphatase activity toward three phosphoaminoacids was significantly enhanced by the addition of both calcium chloride (10 micro M) and calmodulin (2.5 or 5 micro g/ml) in the reaction mixture.	Phosphoamino Acids	42-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
21158108-0	2004	[Effect of total flavonoids of Epimedium on gene expression of calmodulin in hypothalamus-pituitary-adreno cortex axis of shenyangxu rats].	Flavonoids	17-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
15126056-5	2004	Following stimulation with either an agonist that crosslinks Fc receptors or co-application of phorbol ester and a calcium ionophore the interior of the cells lost calmodulin while cortical fluorescence became more pronounced but also less uniform.	Phorbol Esters	95-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
15235078-0	2004	Direct effect of Ca2+-calmodulin on cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl-channels in rat mesenteric artery myocytes.	Cyclic GMP	36-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
15235078-2	2004	In the present work we have investigated the actions of calmodulin (CaM) on single channel cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current (ICl(cGMP,Ca) in inside-out patches.	Cyclic GMP	91-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
15235078-2	2004	In the present work we have investigated the actions of calmodulin (CaM) on single channel cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current (ICl(cGMP,Ca) in inside-out patches.	Cyclic GMP	91-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
15235078-2	2004	In the present work we have investigated the actions of calmodulin (CaM) on single channel cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current (ICl(cGMP,Ca) in inside-out patches.	iodine monochloride	134-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
15235078-2	2004	In the present work we have investigated the actions of calmodulin (CaM) on single channel cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current (ICl(cGMP,Ca) in inside-out patches.	iodine monochloride	134-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
15235078-2	2004	In the present work we have investigated the actions of calmodulin (CaM) on single channel cGMP-activated Ca2+-dependent Cl- current (ICl(cGMP,Ca) in inside-out patches.	Cyclic GMP	138-142	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
15235078-3	2004	When 1 microm CaM was applied to the intracellular surface of inside-out patches bathed with 10 microm cGMP and 100 nm [Ca2+]i there was approximately a 10-fold increase in channel open probability (NPo).	Cyclic GMP	103-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
15235078-6	2004	With 10 microm cGMP and 100 nm [Ca2+]i the relationship between NPo and CaM concentration was well fitted by the Hill equation yielding an equilibrium constant for CaM of about 1.9 nm and a Hill coefficient of 1.7.	Cyclic GMP	15-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
15235078-9	2004	The potentiating effect of CaM was markedly reduced by the selective CaM binding peptide Trp (5 nm) but not by the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide II related inhibitory peptide (AIP).	Tryptophan	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
15235078-9	2004	The potentiating effect of CaM was markedly reduced by the selective CaM binding peptide Trp (5 nm) but not by the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide II related inhibitory peptide (AIP).	Tryptophan	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
15235078-9	2004	The potentiating effect of CaM was markedly reduced by the selective CaM binding peptide Trp (5 nm) but not by the Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide II related inhibitory peptide (AIP).	Tryptophan	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
15235078-10	2004	It is concluded that CaM potentiates the activity of single channel ICl(cGMP,Ca) by increasing the probability of channel opening via a CaMKII-independent mechanism.	Cyclic GMP	72-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
15380369-14	2004	22 (2002) 8860) in a calcium dependent manner (Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.	Calcium	21-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
15380369-14	2004	22 (2002) 8860) in a calcium dependent manner (Calmodulin mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors.	Calcium	67-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
15380369-15	2004	Neuron 21 (1998) 443; Interactions of calmodulin and alpha-actinin with the NR1 subunit modulate calcium-dependent inactivation of NMDA receptors.	Calcium	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
15243295-0	2004	Daidzein and 17 beta-estradiol enhance nitric oxide synthase activity associated with an increase in calmodulin and a decrease in caveolin-1.	daidzein	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
15243295-0	2004	Daidzein and 17 beta-estradiol enhance nitric oxide synthase activity associated with an increase in calmodulin and a decrease in caveolin-1.	Estradiol	13-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
15243295-6	2004	Daidzein and 17 beta-estradiol did not alter eNOS protein in endothelium-intact aortae but reduced expression of caveolin-1 and increased expression of calmodulin, changes that would account for an increase in eNOS activity.	daidzein	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
15243295-6	2004	Daidzein and 17 beta-estradiol did not alter eNOS protein in endothelium-intact aortae but reduced expression of caveolin-1 and increased expression of calmodulin, changes that would account for an increase in eNOS activity.	Estradiol	13-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
15126056-5	2004	Following stimulation with either an agonist that crosslinks Fc receptors or co-application of phorbol ester and a calcium ionophore the interior of the cells lost calmodulin while cortical fluorescence became more pronounced but also less uniform.	Calcium	115-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
15095369-0	2004	Volume-regulated anion conductance in cultured rat cerebral astrocytes requires calmodulin activity.	volume	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
15158760-0	2004	Calmodulin antagonist W-7 inhibits de novo synthesis of cholesterol and suppresses secretion of de novo synthesized and preformed lipids from cultured hepatocytes.	Tungsten	22-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15158760-0	2004	Calmodulin antagonist W-7 inhibits de novo synthesis of cholesterol and suppresses secretion of de novo synthesized and preformed lipids from cultured hepatocytes.	Cholesterol	56-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15054117-10	2004	Expression of caveolin-1 was decreased, and calmodulin was increased, in vessels from daidzein- or 17beta-estradiol-treated rats.	daidzein	86-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
15054117-10	2004	Expression of caveolin-1 was decreased, and calmodulin was increased, in vessels from daidzein- or 17beta-estradiol-treated rats.	Estradiol	99-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
15095369-6	2004	Similar results were obtained when using patch electrode and bath solutions containing chloride as the only cell permeant ion, indicating a calmodulin-dependent anion current is activated with this degree of hypo-osmotic treatment.	Chlorides	87-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
14985048-0	2004	Calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine attenuates the development and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.	Trifluoperazine	21-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15113106-4	2004	Several protein expression profile differences were found in the dopamine depleted side of the brain when compared to the corresponding intact side, for example, calmodulin, cytochrome c, and cytochrome c oxidase.	Dopamine	65-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
14985048-0	2004	Calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine attenuates the development and expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.	Morphine	82-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
14985048-1	2004	The effect of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, on morphine-induced conditioned place preference was examined in rats.	Trifluoperazine	14-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
14985048-1	2004	The effect of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, on morphine-induced conditioned place preference was examined in rats.	Morphine	58-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
14985048-8	2004	The action of trifluoperazine might be produced through its inhibition of calmodulin, but is probably not related to dopamine receptor blockade.	Trifluoperazine	14-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
12969890-6	2004	The responsiveness of ICa to PKA was restored during intracellular dialysis with a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitory peptide but not during treatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinase, or calcineurin.	isocyanic acid	22-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
12969890-6	2004	The responsiveness of ICa to PKA was restored during intracellular dialysis with a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitory peptide but not during treatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinase, or calcineurin.	isocyanic acid	22-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
12969890-6	2004	The responsiveness of ICa to PKA was restored during intracellular dialysis with a calmodulin (CaM) inhibitory peptide but not during treatment with inhibitors of protein kinase C, Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent protein kinase, or calcineurin.	isocyanic acid	22-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
12969890-7	2004	Adenoviral-mediated expression of a CaM molecule with mutations in all four Ca(2+)-binding sites also increased the PKA sensitivity of ICa.	isocyanic acid	135-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
14597264-12	2003	Displacement of these interactions by Ca2+/calmodulin may promote SNARE complex assembly and lead to trans interactions between the membrane proximal region of VAMP and phospholipids in the plasma membrane.	Phospholipids	169-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
14690530-3	2004	We have previously described the role of calcium and its sensor protein, calmodulin, in Trk-activated intracellular pathways.	Calcium	41-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
14662747-2	2003	It might be involved in calcium/CaM-mediated neuronal signaling, but Rin-mediated signal transduction pathways have not yet been elucidated.	Calcium	24-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
14662747-8	2003	These findings suggest that Rin-mediated neurite outgrowth signaling requires not only endogenous Rac/Cdc42 activation but also Rin-CaM association, and that endogenous Rin is involved in calcium/CaM-mediated neuronal signaling pathways.	Calcium	188-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
14662747-8	2003	These findings suggest that Rin-mediated neurite outgrowth signaling requires not only endogenous Rac/Cdc42 activation but also Rin-CaM association, and that endogenous Rin is involved in calcium/CaM-mediated neuronal signaling pathways.	Calcium	188-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	14-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	14-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	14-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
14561526-2	2003	However, when digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled cRNA probes specific for each CaM mRNA population were hybridized at slightly alkaline pH (pH 8.0), the widespread distribution of CaM mRNA-expressing cells was revealed, with similar abundance for all three CaM genes.	Digoxigenin	27-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-174
12906036-0	2003	Norepinephrine-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in atrial myocytes is regulated by extracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and calmodulin.	Norepinephrine	0-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
12906036-0	2003	Norepinephrine-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation in atrial myocytes is regulated by extracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and calmodulin.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	23-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
12906036-5	2003	W7 (a calmodulin antagonist) significantly increased the NE-induced IP3.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
12906036-7	2003	Protein kinase C and calmodulin may control the IP3 response to NE by a negative feedback mechanism.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	48-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
12647304-4	2003	This increase was completely abolished in the presence of trifluoperazine (TFP; 10-50 microM), an antagonist of Ca(2+)/calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	58-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
12798663-4	2003	Ca-ATPase in calmodulin-stripped membranes was activated in a biphasic manner by docosahexanoic acid (DHA) (10-30 microg/ml) but not by eicosapentanoic acid (EPA).	Docosahexaenoic Acids	81-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
12798663-4	2003	Ca-ATPase in calmodulin-stripped membranes was activated in a biphasic manner by docosahexanoic acid (DHA) (10-30 microg/ml) but not by eicosapentanoic acid (EPA).	Docosahexaenoic Acids	102-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
12609973-5	2003	Surprisingly, overexpression of CaM(1-4) increased CaMKII activity and phosphorylation of PLB-Thr-17.	Threonine	94-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
12609973-6	2003	Moreover, CaM(1-4) elevated diastolic Ca2+ and caffeine-labile Ca2+ content of the SR. Inhibition of CaMKII by KN-93 or a myristoylated autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide prevented the aforementioned PLB phosphorylation and reversed the positive inotropic and relaxant effects, indicating that CaMKII is essential to CaM(1-4) actions.	Caffeine	47-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
12609973-6	2003	Moreover, CaM(1-4) elevated diastolic Ca2+ and caffeine-labile Ca2+ content of the SR. Inhibition of CaMKII by KN-93 or a myristoylated autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide prevented the aforementioned PLB phosphorylation and reversed the positive inotropic and relaxant effects, indicating that CaMKII is essential to CaM(1-4) actions.	KN 93	111-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
12609973-6	2003	Moreover, CaM(1-4) elevated diastolic Ca2+ and caffeine-labile Ca2+ content of the SR. Inhibition of CaMKII by KN-93 or a myristoylated autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide prevented the aforementioned PLB phosphorylation and reversed the positive inotropic and relaxant effects, indicating that CaMKII is essential to CaM(1-4) actions.	KN 93	111-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
12626618-11	2003	That activation, partially through the activation of cGMP-PKG and calmodulin-dependent pathways should result in increased excitability of capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors.	Capsaicin	139-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
12443976-11	2002	Inhibition of calmodulin only reduces the delay to onset of Pb(2+)-evoked exocytosis.	Lead	60-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
12724952-2	2003	Intracellular calcium is regulated by a number of calcium binding proteins including calmodulin.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
12724952-2	2003	Intracellular calcium is regulated by a number of calcium binding proteins including calmodulin.	Calcium	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
12464365-11	2002	These findings indicate that gossypol induces chloride secretion via a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Gossypol	29-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
12464365-11	2002	These findings indicate that gossypol induces chloride secretion via a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Chlorides	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
12464365-12	2002	High concentrations of gossypol induced a strong increase in G(t) that could be blocked by W7, a blocker of calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase.	Gossypol	23-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
12472891-6	2002	L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) antagonists, calmodulin antagonist, and Ca2+/calmudulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) inhibitor prevented the nicotine-induced Akt phosphorylation.	Nicotine	166-174	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
12924016-2	2002	Calmodulin antagonists released Ca2+ from acetylcholine-sensitive and insensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores activated Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels and hyperpolarized endothelial cells.	Acetylcholine	42-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
12020764-5	2002	We review here evidence showing that calcium (Ca(2+)) and calmodulin (CaM) are able to regulate the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.	Calcium	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
12388592-3	2002	NMDA receptor activity is also regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration through activation of various calcium-dependent proteins, including calmodulin, calcineurin, protein kinase C, and alpha-actinin-2.	Calcium	62-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
12388592-3	2002	NMDA receptor activity is also regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration through activation of various calcium-dependent proteins, including calmodulin, calcineurin, protein kinase C, and alpha-actinin-2.	Calcium	114-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
12388592-8	2002	A 68% decrease in charge transfer per supercluster suggests that calmodulin activation will significantly reduce calcium influx during synaptic transmission.	Calcium	113-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
12079493-1	2002	The reduction by NADPH of the FAD and FMN redox centres in the isolated flavin reductase domain of calmodulin-bound rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been studied by anaerobic stopped-flow spectroscopy using absorption and fluorescence detection.	NADP	17-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
12124234-1	2002	Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) is controlled by Ca(2+)/calmodulin and caveolin-1 in caveolae.	Nitric Oxide	12-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
12438131-0	2002	Calmodulin inhibitors block quantal catecholamine release and increase acidification of neurosecretory granules in rat adrenal chromaffin cells.	Catecholamines	36-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
12438131-0	2002	Calmodulin inhibitors block quantal catecholamine release and increase acidification of neurosecretory granules in rat adrenal chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	127-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
12145198-5	2002	Pre-incubation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells with the irreversible calmodulin antagonist ophiobolin A inhibited Ca(2+)-dependent human growth hormone release in a permeabilized cell assay.	ophiobolin A	90-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
12112694-0	2002	Free-energy simulations of the oxidation of c-terminal methionines in calmodulin.	Methionine	55-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
12112694-1	2002	In the course of aging or under conditions of oxidative stress, methionine residues of calmodulin undergo oxidation, leading to loss of biological activity of the protein.	Methionine	64-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
12112694-2	2002	We have performed free-energy simulations of the effects of C-terminal methionine side-chain oxidation on the properties of calmodulin.	Methionine	71-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
11886447-5	2002	During a train of depolarizations that evoked a series of largely independent calcium changes TA-CaM fluorescence was in contrast raised for the duration of the train and for many tens of seconds afterwards.	Calcium	78-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
12020688-4	2002	Pervanadate-induced contractions were reduced by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-chloro-1-naphtalene sulphonamide, 50 microM) and the MLCK inhibitor ML-7 (1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine, 10 or 30 microM).	pervanadate	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
12020688-4	2002	Pervanadate-induced contractions were reduced by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-chloro-1-naphtalene sulphonamide, 50 microM) and the MLCK inhibitor ML-7 (1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine, 10 or 30 microM).	W 7	74-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
12020688-4	2002	Pervanadate-induced contractions were reduced by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-chloro-1-naphtalene sulphonamide, 50 microM) and the MLCK inhibitor ML-7 (1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine, 10 or 30 microM).	n-(6-aminohexyl)-chloro-1-naphtalene sulphonamide	79-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
12020688-4	2002	Pervanadate-induced contractions were reduced by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-chloro-1-naphtalene sulphonamide, 50 microM) and the MLCK inhibitor ML-7 (1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine, 10 or 30 microM).	1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-1h-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine	170-229	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
12020688-7	2002	These observations suggest that pervanadate-induced contraction of smooth muscle in the cremaster arteriole involves Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin phosphorylation and possibly sensitization of the contractile apparatus to Ca2+.	pervanadate	32-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
11900787-1	2002	The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) system plays important roles both in hypothalamic sexual differentiation and in the progesterone-induced facilitation of lordosis behavior in the adult rat.	Progesterone	110-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-19
11900787-1	2002	The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) system plays important roles both in hypothalamic sexual differentiation and in the progesterone-induced facilitation of lordosis behavior in the adult rat.	Progesterone	110-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
12003841-7	2002	17 beta-Estradiol replacement restored, to within normal levels, the baroreflex-mediated bradycardic responses along with eNOS activity, eNOS expression, and the association of eNOS with caveolin-3 and calmodulin.	Estradiol	3-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-212
11973404-4	2002	Administration of 100 nM N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7, a calmodulin antagonist) significantly increased the bradykinin (10 nM)-induced IP3 production from 311.7 +/- 13.0 pmol/mg protein in the absence of insulin to 457.8 +/- 19.9, 578.2 +/- 25.9, and 665.2 +/- 16.0 pmol/mg protein in the presence of 1, 2, and 20 nM insulin, respectively.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-naphthalenesulfonamide	25-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
11973404-4	2002	Administration of 100 nM N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-naphthalenesulfonamide (W7, a calmodulin antagonist) significantly increased the bradykinin (10 nM)-induced IP3 production from 311.7 +/- 13.0 pmol/mg protein in the absence of insulin to 457.8 +/- 19.9, 578.2 +/- 25.9, and 665.2 +/- 16.0 pmol/mg protein in the presence of 1, 2, and 20 nM insulin, respectively.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	159-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
11973404-7	2002	Calmodulin controls the IP3 response to bradykinin by a negative feedback mechanism.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	24-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
12575328-5	2002	The effect of 3 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 VIP on the microsomal CTP: phosphorylcholine cytidylyltransferase activity of cultured lung explants was inhibited by H-7, a protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitor and W-7, a calmodulin antagonist respectively.	1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine	151-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
12575328-6	2002	CONCLUSION: VIP in the lung may be one of the key regulators involved in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine mediated by PKC and calmodulin.	Phosphatidylcholines	90-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
12002261-4	2002	Okadaic acid over 3 microM enhanced Ca2+-activated force, which was inhibited by 50 microM trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist.	Okadaic Acid	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
12002261-4	2002	Okadaic acid over 3 microM enhanced Ca2+-activated force, which was inhibited by 50 microM trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist.	Trifluoperazine	91-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
12434563-0	2002	Amplifying effect of the selective calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, on the potency of nifedipine to inhibit alpha 1D-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the rat aorta.	calmidazolium	58-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
11853970-5	2002	Cytotoxicity induced by 1,4-benzoquinone was inhibited by antagonists of calmodulin, suggesting that calmodulin could play an important role in platelet toxicity.	quinone	24-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
11853970-5	2002	Cytotoxicity induced by 1,4-benzoquinone was inhibited by antagonists of calmodulin, suggesting that calmodulin could play an important role in platelet toxicity.	quinone	24-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
11853970-6	2002	These results suggested that the progression of events for benzoquinone-induced cytotoxicity in platelets was as follows: 1,4-benzoquinone depletes intracellular ATP; membrane blebbing occurs; calcium homeostasis is disrupted, activation of calmodulin-dependent processes results; finally cytotoxicity occurs.	quinone	59-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	241-251
11914544-0	2002	Calmodulin-mediated regulation of bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunum.	Bicarbonates	34-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11914544-0	2002	Calmodulin-mediated regulation of bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunum.	Lactic Acid	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11914544-2	2002	Aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of Ca(2+)/CaM on bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunal enterocyte.	Bicarbonates	72-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
11914544-2	2002	Aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of Ca(2+)/CaM on bicarbonate and lactate transports in rat jejunal enterocyte.	Lactic Acid	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
11914544-6	2002	However, uptake experiments suggest that Ca(2+)/CaM, and not CaMKII, inhibits both basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and H(+)-lactate symport, whilst HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) conductances are unaffected.	Bicarbonates	101-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11914544-6	2002	However, uptake experiments suggest that Ca(2+)/CaM, and not CaMKII, inhibits both basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and H(+)-lactate symport, whilst HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) conductances are unaffected.	Lactic Acid	129-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11914544-6	2002	However, uptake experiments suggest that Ca(2+)/CaM, and not CaMKII, inhibits both basolateral Cl(-)/HCO(3)(-) exchange and H(+)-lactate symport, whilst HCO(3)(-) and Cl(-) conductances are unaffected.	Bicarbonates	153-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
11914544-8	2002	CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with a Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated reduction of bicarbonate and lactate exit from jejunal enterocyte.	Bicarbonates	78-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
11914544-8	2002	CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with a Ca(2+)/CaM-mediated reduction of bicarbonate and lactate exit from jejunal enterocyte.	Lactic Acid	94-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
11847605-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We studied the effect of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) on isolated intact rat tracheal and pulmonary artery smooth muscle contractile behaviour.	Trifluoperazine	63-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
11707462-5	2002	Sufficient CaM was retained after skinning (demembranation) of rat tail arterial smooth muscle in the presence of EGTA to support Ca(2+)-evoked contraction, as observed previously with other smooth muscle tissues.	Egtazic Acid	114-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
11707462-6	2002	This tightly bound CaM was released by the CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) in the presence of Ca(2+).	Trifluoperazine	58-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
11707462-6	2002	This tightly bound CaM was released by the CaM antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) in the presence of Ca(2+).	Trifluoperazine	58-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
11926171-1	2002	In the present study, we investigated the activity and expression of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaMPDE) and the effects of calpains in rat heart after ischemia and reperfusion.	campde	127-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
11926171-3	2002	Rat ischemic heart showed a decrease in CaMPDE activity in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin; however, in ischemic-reperfusion tissue a progressive increase in Ca2+ and calmodulin-independent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-independent PDE) activity was observed.	campde	40-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
11926171-7	2002	Based on these results, we propose that hypoxic injury to rat myocardium results in the generation of CaM-independent PDE by calpain mediated proteolysis, allowing the maintenance of cAMP concentrations within the physiological range.	Cyclic AMP	183-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
11784307-4	2002	On exposure of PC12 cells to 30 microm C(2)-ceramide, both the total (assayed in the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent (assayed in the presence of EGTA) DAP kinase activities were transiently increased 5.0- and 12.2-fold, respectively, at 10 min, and then decreased to 1.7- and 3.4-fold at 90 min.	N-acetylsphingosine	39-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
11784307-4	2002	On exposure of PC12 cells to 30 microm C(2)-ceramide, both the total (assayed in the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin) and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent (assayed in the presence of EGTA) DAP kinase activities were transiently increased 5.0- and 12.2-fold, respectively, at 10 min, and then decreased to 1.7- and 3.4-fold at 90 min.	N-acetylsphingosine	39-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
11784307-5	2002	After 10 min exposure to 30 microm C(2)-ceramide, the Ca(2+)/calmodulin independent activity/ total activity ratio increased from 0.22 to 0.60.	N-acetylsphingosine	35-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
12434563-0	2002	Amplifying effect of the selective calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, on the potency of nifedipine to inhibit alpha 1D-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction in the rat aorta.	Nifedipine	91-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
11761027-8	2001	Intra-arterial infusion of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (10 microM) also reduced mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate (304% and 223% of controls, respectively).	Trifluoperazine	53-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11761027-8	2001	Intra-arterial infusion of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (10 microM) also reduced mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate (304% and 223% of controls, respectively).	Bethanechol	121-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11761027-8	2001	Intra-arterial infusion of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (10 microM) also reduced mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate (304% and 223% of controls, respectively).	Deoxycholic Acid	136-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11887930-6	2001	W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, reversed both the haloperidol- and oPRL-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity to control levels.	W 7	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
11865326-1	2001	Treatment of cultured rat cerebellar granular cells with calmodulin antagonist bifonazole (10 mM) during oxygen-glucose deprivation or exposure to glutamate (75 mM) prevented neuronal death.	bifonazole	79-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
11865326-1	2001	Treatment of cultured rat cerebellar granular cells with calmodulin antagonist bifonazole (10 mM) during oxygen-glucose deprivation or exposure to glutamate (75 mM) prevented neuronal death.	Glutamic Acid	147-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
11865326-3	2001	Calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and thioridazine had no protective effects, while thioridazine even potentiated the toxic effect of glutamate.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11887930-6	2001	W-7, a calmodulin antagonist, reversed both the haloperidol- and oPRL-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity to control levels.	Haloperidol	48-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
11887930-8	2001	KN62, a selective calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, attenuated the haloperidol-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, but KNO4, a structurally related control compound, had no effect.	KN 62	0-4	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
11887930-8	2001	KN62, a selective calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, attenuated the haloperidol-induced increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, but KNO4, a structurally related control compound, had no effect.	Haloperidol	91-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
11887930-9	2001	By contrast, the oPRL- and haloperidol-induced increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity were not altered by KN93, a selective calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor.	Haloperidol	27-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
11701752-8	2001	A calmodulin antagonist, a CaM kinase inhibitor, a MAP kinase kinase inhibitor inhibited nicotine-induced ERK and CREB phosphorylation.	Nicotine	89-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
11509543-9	2001	The calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (40 micromol/l) significantly decreased ERK phosphorylation induced by all types of LDL.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	25-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
11546652-8	2001	On the other hand, W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, and cyclosporin A, a calcineurin inhibitor, prevented JNK activation by stretch.	W 7	19-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
11545585-1	2001	Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous calcium (Ca(2+)) sensor which binds and regulates protein serine/threonine kinases along with many other proteins in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.	Calcium	33-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11545585-1	2001	Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous calcium (Ca(2+)) sensor which binds and regulates protein serine/threonine kinases along with many other proteins in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner.	Calcium	33-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
11545585-8	2001	Three hydrogen bonds between CaM and the peptide (E87-R336, E87-T339 and K75-T339) along with two salt bridges (E11-R349 and E114-K334) are the most probable determinants for the binding direction of the CaMKK peptide to CaM.	Hydrogen	6-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
11522526-7	2001	This method was applied to compare the regional abundances of multiple CaM mRNAs in the brains of control, dehydrated, chronic ethanol-treated and ethanol withdrawal-treated animals.	Ethanol	127-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
11522526-7	2001	This method was applied to compare the regional abundances of multiple CaM mRNAs in the brains of control, dehydrated, chronic ethanol-treated and ethanol withdrawal-treated animals.	Ethanol	147-154	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
11433424-10	2001	These results, together with reports of RHAMM association with actin and microtubules in other systems, suggest a role of RHAMM in calmodulin-mediated cell signaling to cytoskeletal elements and/or mitochondria in the CNS and invoke novel functions of its interactions with hyaluronan.	Hyaluronic Acid	274-284	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
11693188-4	2001	The activatory effect of calcium (50 microM) was significantly decreased by calmodulin (2.5 and 5 microg/ml), indicating that it does not depend on calmodulin.	Calcium	25-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
11359785-7	2001	Finally, we showed that the previously demonstrated stimulation of exocytosis in this system by calmodulin required calcium binding, since calmodulin mutants defective in Ca(2+)-binding were not able to enhance release.	Calcium	116-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
11325964-2	2001	Activity requires dimeric interaction between two oxygenase domains and calmodulin binding between the reductase and oxygenase domains, which triggers electron transfer between flavin and heme groups.	4,6-dinitro-o-cresol	177-183	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
11488441-4	2001	Combining these results with those previously reported, it is suggested that magnesium inhibits the ability of calcium to reduce blood pressure through calmodulin- and dopamine-dependent functions in the brain.	Magnesium	77-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
11488441-4	2001	Combining these results with those previously reported, it is suggested that magnesium inhibits the ability of calcium to reduce blood pressure through calmodulin- and dopamine-dependent functions in the brain.	Calcium	111-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
11325964-2	2001	Activity requires dimeric interaction between two oxygenase domains and calmodulin binding between the reductase and oxygenase domains, which triggers electron transfer between flavin and heme groups.	Heme	188-192	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
11325964-9	2001	This reveals an active involvement of calmodulin in supporting transelectron transfer between flavin and heme groups on adjacent subunits in nNOS.	4,6-dinitro-o-cresol	94-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
11325964-9	2001	This reveals an active involvement of calmodulin in supporting transelectron transfer between flavin and heme groups on adjacent subunits in nNOS.	Heme	105-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
11325964-10	2001	In summary, we propose that calmodulin functions to properly align adjacent reductase and the oxygenase domains in a nNOS dimer for electron transfer between them, leading to NO synthesis by the heme.	Heme	195-199	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
11350008-7	2001	As the calcium-bound CaM content increases during the ischemic insult, downregulation of the CaM gene expression could be a homeostatic response aimed at maintaining the intracellular level of the active CaM pool.	Calcium	7-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	d-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid	65-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-241
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	d-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid	65-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-277
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	dap-5	98-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-241
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	dap-5	98-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-277
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid	162-219	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	238-241
11389201-5	2001	The potentiation was reduced by the extracellular application of D-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (DAP-5, 40 microM), and blocked by the postsynaptic perfusion of 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid (BAPTA, 10 mM), a CaM-binding peptide (100 microM) or CaMKII (281-301) (an autoinhibitory peptide of CaM-dependent protein kinases, 100 microM).	1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid	162-219	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-277
11389201-9	2001	In addition, Ca(2+)-CaM (40:10 microM) induced synaptic potentiation, which occluded PS-induced potentiation and was attenuated by introducing CaMKII (281-301) (100 microM).	ps	85-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
11389201-12	2001	Application of Ca(2+)-CaM into SP non-pyramidal neurons induced the emergence of AMPAR-mediated EPSCs that were not evoked by low stimulus intensity before perfusion.	sp	31-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
11389201-16	2001	The magnitude of PS-, adenophostin- or Ca(2+)-CaM-induced synaptic potentiation in SP non-pyramidal neurons increased during postnatal development.	ps	17-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
11389201-16	2001	The magnitude of PS-, adenophostin- or Ca(2+)-CaM-induced synaptic potentiation in SP non-pyramidal neurons increased during postnatal development.	sp	83-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
11500959-4	2001	This increase was significantly inhibited by trifluoperazine (25 or 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	45-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
11350008-7	2001	As the calcium-bound CaM content increases during the ischemic insult, downregulation of the CaM gene expression could be a homeostatic response aimed at maintaining the intracellular level of the active CaM pool.	Calcium	7-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
11350008-7	2001	As the calcium-bound CaM content increases during the ischemic insult, downregulation of the CaM gene expression could be a homeostatic response aimed at maintaining the intracellular level of the active CaM pool.	Calcium	7-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
11223912-2	2001	Prolonged exposure to glutamate injures motor neurons predominantly through the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-nNOS, as previously reported, and is, in part, associated with the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).	Glutamic Acid	22-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
11072096-0	2000	Multiple calmodulin genes exhibit systematically differential responses to chronic ethanol treatment and withdrawal in several regions of the rat brain.	Ethanol	83-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
11436980-0	2001	Effects of calmodulin antagonist (W-7) on phorbol ester (PMA)-induced contractile response in isolated rat aorta.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	57-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
11436980-1	2001	The aim of this study was to investigate effects of calmodulin antagonist (W-7) on the contractile response of the rat aorta induced by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol ester.	Phorbol Esters	176-189	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
11166791-3	2001	Protein kinase activity was significantly raised by the addition of calmodulin (5 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the presence of CaCl2 (10(-4) M), indicating that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C is present in the neuronal cells.	dioctanoylglycerol	96-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
11166791-3	2001	Protein kinase activity was significantly raised by the addition of calmodulin (5 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the presence of CaCl2 (10(-4) M), indicating that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C is present in the neuronal cells.	Calcium Chloride	148-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
11166791-5	2001	Moreover, regucalcin completely prevented the activation of protein kinase by the addition of calmodulin or dioctonoylglyceral in the presence of CaCl(2) (10(-4) M).	cacl	146-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
11166791-7	2001	Such an effect was significantly inhibited by the addition of trifluoperazine (2x10(-5) M), an antagonist of calmodulin, or staurosporine (10(-6) M), an inhibitor of protein kinase C. The present study demonstrates that endogenous regucalcin in rat brain neuronal cells has an inhibitory effect on Ca2+ dependent protein kinase activity.	Trifluoperazine	62-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
11179605-4	2001	In contrast, the inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC) U-73122 abrogated, and the inhibitors of PKC, phosphatidylinositol trisphosphate (IP(3))-kinase and calmodulin (calphostin-C, wortmannin and W-7, respectively) partially prevented aldosterone response to BQ-3020.	ip	134-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
11259502-7	2001	In vitro, TAM and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited, with similar EC(50) values, the activity of recombinant nNOS as well as NOS activity in brain homogenates, measured by conversion of [(3)H]arginine to [(3)H]citrulline.	Trifluoperazine	43-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11259502-7	2001	In vitro, TAM and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited, with similar EC(50) values, the activity of recombinant nNOS as well as NOS activity in brain homogenates, measured by conversion of [(3)H]arginine to [(3)H]citrulline.	[(3)h]arginine	203-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11259502-7	2001	In vitro, TAM and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited, with similar EC(50) values, the activity of recombinant nNOS as well as NOS activity in brain homogenates, measured by conversion of [(3)H]arginine to [(3)H]citrulline.	[(3)h]citrulline	221-237	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11259502-9	2001	These data suggest that TAM is an effective inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent NOS and the derived peroxynitrite production in transient focal cerebral ischemia and this may be one mechanism for its neuroprotective effect following rMCAo.	Tamoxifen	24-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
11315768-15	2001	The maximum effective dose of the calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (200 microM), inhibited cAMP PDE in all nephron segments from the rat kidney.	Trifluoperazine	57-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
11315768-15	2001	The maximum effective dose of the calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine (200 microM), inhibited cAMP PDE in all nephron segments from the rat kidney.	Cyclic AMP	97-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
11315768-20	2001	cAMP PDE in each nephron segment appear to be almost equally dependent on trifluoperazine-sensitive pathway that may reflect the Ca2+-calmodulin system.	Cyclic AMP	0-4	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
11315768-20	2001	cAMP PDE in each nephron segment appear to be almost equally dependent on trifluoperazine-sensitive pathway that may reflect the Ca2+-calmodulin system.	Trifluoperazine	74-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
11352497-0	2001	Inhibition of calcium-independent luminal uptake of L-dopa by calmodulin antagonists in immortalized rat capillary cerebral endothelial cells.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
11352497-0	2001	Inhibition of calcium-independent luminal uptake of L-dopa by calmodulin antagonists in immortalized rat capillary cerebral endothelial cells.	Levodopa	52-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
11352497-4	2001	The Ca(2+)/calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium and trifluoperazine inhibited L-DOPA (2.5 microM) uptake with IC(50)s of 23 and 33 microM, respectively.	calmidazolium	33-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
11352497-4	2001	The Ca(2+)/calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium and trifluoperazine inhibited L-DOPA (2.5 microM) uptake with IC(50)s of 23 and 33 microM, respectively.	Trifluoperazine	51-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
11352497-4	2001	The Ca(2+)/calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium and trifluoperazine inhibited L-DOPA (2.5 microM) uptake with IC(50)s of 23 and 33 microM, respectively.	Levodopa	77-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
11352497-7	2001	It is concluded that L-DOPA uptake in RBE-4 cells is promoted through the L-type amino acid transporter and appears to be under the control of calmodulin mediated pathways.	Levodopa	21-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
11072096-4	2000	The changes induced in the regional abundances of the CaM I, II, and III mRNA classes by chronic ethanol treatment and withdrawal were examined by means of quantitative in situ hybridization, employing gene-specific [35S]cRNA probes on rat brain cryostat sections.	Ethanol	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
11072096-6	2000	The results revealed systematically differential regulation for the three mRNA classes: the CaM I and CaM III mRNA levels displayed increases, and CaM II levels decreases in the affected brain regions, in both chronic ethanol- and withdrawal-treated animals.	Ethanol	218-225	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
11072096-6	2000	The results revealed systematically differential regulation for the three mRNA classes: the CaM I and CaM III mRNA levels displayed increases, and CaM II levels decreases in the affected brain regions, in both chronic ethanol- and withdrawal-treated animals.	Ethanol	218-225	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
11074600-7	2000	Trifluoperazine (TFP; 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly decreased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
11040043-10	2000	Studies with urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis further support an interaction between melatonin and NH(2)-kynurenines, but not kynurenines lacking the NH(2) group, with Ca(2+)-calmodulin yielding Ca(2+)-calmodulin-drug complexes that prevent nNOS activation.	Melatonin	92-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-192
11040043-10	2000	Studies with urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis further support an interaction between melatonin and NH(2)-kynurenines, but not kynurenines lacking the NH(2) group, with Ca(2+)-calmodulin yielding Ca(2+)-calmodulin-drug complexes that prevent nNOS activation.	Melatonin	92-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
11040043-11	2000	The results show that calmodulin is a target involved in the intracellular effects of melatonin and some melatonin-related kynurenines that may account, at least in part, for the neuroprotective properties of these compounds.	Melatonin	86-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11040043-11	2000	The results show that calmodulin is a target involved in the intracellular effects of melatonin and some melatonin-related kynurenines that may account, at least in part, for the neuroprotective properties of these compounds.	Melatonin	105-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11040043-11	2000	The results show that calmodulin is a target involved in the intracellular effects of melatonin and some melatonin-related kynurenines that may account, at least in part, for the neuroprotective properties of these compounds.	Kynurenine	123-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
11040043-0	2000	Structure-related inhibition of calmodulin-dependent neuronal nitric-oxide synthase activity by melatonin and synthetic kynurenines.	Melatonin	96-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
11040043-0	2000	Structure-related inhibition of calmodulin-dependent neuronal nitric-oxide synthase activity by melatonin and synthetic kynurenines.	Kynurenine	120-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
11040043-7	2000	Using purified rat brain nNOS, we show that the inhibitory effect of melatonin and NH(2)-kynurenines on the enzyme activity diminishes with increasing amounts of calmodulin in the incubation medium.	Melatonin	69-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
11040043-7	2000	Using purified rat brain nNOS, we show that the inhibitory effect of melatonin and NH(2)-kynurenines on the enzyme activity diminishes with increasing amounts of calmodulin in the incubation medium.	nh(2)-kynurenines	83-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
11074600-7	2000	Trifluoperazine (TFP; 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly decreased Ca(2+)-ATPase activity.	Trifluoperazine	17-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
11129957-9	2000	This elevation was completely blocked by the addition of trifluoperazine (TFP: 2.5 x 10(-6) M), an antagonist of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	57-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
11015613-5	2000	Chronic or acute cannabinoid receptor activation altered expression of several genes (i.e., prostaglandin D synthase, calmodulin) involved in biochemical cascades of cannabinoid synthesis or cannabinoid effector systems.	Cannabinoids	17-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
11015613-5	2000	Chronic or acute cannabinoid receptor activation altered expression of several genes (i.e., prostaglandin D synthase, calmodulin) involved in biochemical cascades of cannabinoid synthesis or cannabinoid effector systems.	Cannabinoids	166-177	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	tetrahydroxybiopterin	58-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	tetrahydroxybiopterin	195-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	tetrahydroxybiopterin	58-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	NADP	218-223	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	Trifluoperazine	284-299	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	NADP	81-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
10785515-5	2000	For full activation of the NOS in the cytosolic fraction, tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, Ca(2+) and calmodulin were needed as cofactors, because the activity was clearly reduced in the absence of tetrahydroxybiopterin, NADPH, or Ca(2+), or in the absence of calmodulin and presence of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin antagonist, in the reaction mixture.	NADP	81-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
10942702-10	2000	Observations of fluorescein-calmodulin, introduced into permeabilized cells, confirmed a strong (Ca(2+)-independent) association of calmodulin with the actin cortex.	Fluorescein	16-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
10942702-10	2000	Observations of fluorescein-calmodulin, introduced into permeabilized cells, confirmed a strong (Ca(2+)-independent) association of calmodulin with the actin cortex.	Fluorescein	16-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-142
10852729-0	2000	Calcium-sensitive interaction between calmodulin and modified forms of rat brain neurogranin/RC3.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
10852729-6	2000	Interaction of CaM with the reduced (red)-, glutathiolated (GS)-, or Cys(-)-NG in the Ca(2+)-free solution resulted in an increase in the alpha-helicity determined by their CD spectra, but relatively little change was seen with the oxidized NG (ox-NG) or phosphorylated NG (PO(4)-NG).	Cysteine	69-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
10852729-7	2000	The binding affinities between the various modified forms of NG and CaM were determined by CD spectrometry and sedimentation equilibrium: their affinities were Cys(-)-NG &gt; red-NG, GS-NG &gt; ox-NG &gt; PO(4)-NG.	Cysteine	160-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
10852729-9	2000	Thus, both oxidation of NG to form intramolecular disulfides and phosphorylation of NG by PKC are effective in modulating the intracellular level of CaM.	Disulfides	50-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
10852729-10	2000	These results indicate that modification of NG to form intramolecular disulfides outside the IQ domain provides an alternative mechanism for regulation of its binding affinity to CaM.	Disulfides	70-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
10841769-0	2000	Paramecium calmodulin mutants defective in ion channel regulation can bind calcium and undergo calcium-induced conformational switching.	Calcium	75-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
10841769-0	2000	Paramecium calmodulin mutants defective in ion channel regulation can bind calcium and undergo calcium-induced conformational switching.	Calcium	95-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
10841769-1	2000	Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential eukaryotic protein that binds calcium ions cooperatively at four EF-hand binding sites to regulate signal transduction pathways.	Calcium	63-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10841769-1	2000	Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential eukaryotic protein that binds calcium ions cooperatively at four EF-hand binding sites to regulate signal transduction pathways.	Calcium	63-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10841769-2	2000	Interactions between the apo domains of vertebrate CaM reduce the calcium affinities of sites I and II below their intrinsic values, allowing sequential opening of the two hydrophobic clefts in CaM.	Calcium	66-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
10841769-4	2000	Calcium binding induced an increase in the level of ordered secondary structure and a decrease in Stokes radius in these mutants; such changes were identical in direction to those of wild type CaM, but the magnitude depended on the mutation.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
10841769-5	2000	Calcium titrations monitored by changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of Y138 in site IV showed that the affinities of sites III and IV of wild type PCaM were (i) higher than those of the same sites in rat CaM, (ii) equivalent to those of the same sites in PCaM mutants altered between sites I and II, and (iii) higher than those of PCaM mutants modified in sites III and IV.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-153
10838155-4	2000	The calmodulin antagonists W7, W13 and calmidazolium also inhibited thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) inflow and release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores.	calmidazolium	39-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10861851-6	2000	In addition, the effect of antibody (50 ng/ml) was significantly reduced by the presence of trifluoperazine (20 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	92-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
10838155-4	2000	The calmodulin antagonists W7, W13 and calmidazolium also inhibited thapsigargin-induced Ca(2+) inflow and release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores.	Thapsigargin	68-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10894126-1	2000	Inorganic lead (Pb2+) activates calmodulin, which in turn may stimulate many other cellular processes.	inorganic lead	0-14	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
10894126-10	2000	Low concentrations (250 nM) of the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium had no effect on either 45Ca efflux or on the F340/F380 ratio in fura-loaded control neurons, but completely eliminated the increase in 45Ca efflux and decrease in F340/F380 ratio in Pb2+-exposed neurons.	calmidazolium	56-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
10894126-1	2000	Inorganic lead (Pb2+) activates calmodulin, which in turn may stimulate many other cellular processes.	Lead	16-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
10894126-10	2000	Low concentrations (250 nM) of the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium had no effect on either 45Ca efflux or on the F340/F380 ratio in fura-loaded control neurons, but completely eliminated the increase in 45Ca efflux and decrease in F340/F380 ratio in Pb2+-exposed neurons.	Lead	253-257	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
10907988-10	2000	Furthermore, trifluoperazine increased the extent of triiodothyronine (T3) release from exogenously added Tg by FRTL-5 cells, indicating that Tg transported in the calmodulin-dependent, megalin-mediated pathway, bypasses the lysosomal pathway.	Triiodothyronine	71-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
10894126-11	2000	Zaldoride, another calmodulin inhibitor, also eliminated the decrease in F340/F380 ratio in Pb2+-exposed neurons.	zaldoride	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
10894126-11	2000	Zaldoride, another calmodulin inhibitor, also eliminated the decrease in F340/F380 ratio in Pb2+-exposed neurons.	Lead	92-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
10894126-12	2000	We conclude that Pb2+ exposure decreases [Ca2+]i and increases Ca2+ efflux in cultured hippocampal neurons by a calmodulin-dependent mechanism, probably by stimulating Ca2+ extrusion by the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase.	Lead	17-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
10907988-10	2000	Furthermore, trifluoperazine increased the extent of triiodothyronine (T3) release from exogenously added Tg by FRTL-5 cells, indicating that Tg transported in the calmodulin-dependent, megalin-mediated pathway, bypasses the lysosomal pathway.	Trifluoperazine	13-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-174
10888263-5	2000	The calmodulin inhibitor W7 caused a 50 +/- 10% decrease (n = 8; P&lt;0.05) of norepinephrine stimulated protein synthesis, whereas the endothelin-1 response was unaffected.	Norepinephrine	79-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10807662-8	2000	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 and cytochalasin B which enhances actin depolymerization also prevented the effect of CGS 21680; the calmodulin kinase II inhibitors CaM kinase II(281 - 309) and KN-93 but not the inactive structural analogue KN-92 were also effective.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10819975-4	2000	The interaction between calmodulin and IRS proteins in rat soleus muscle was enhanced when insulin resistance was induced in rats by treatment with dexamethasone for 5 days.	Dexamethasone	148-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
10819975-8	2000	Insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity associated with IRS-1 was also reduced in cells overexpressing calmodulin, while this activity was increased in cells incubated with the cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	232-247	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-131
10819975-8	2000	Insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity associated with IRS-1 was also reduced in cells overexpressing calmodulin, while this activity was increased in cells incubated with the cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	232-247	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-220
10807662-8	2000	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 and cytochalasin B which enhances actin depolymerization also prevented the effect of CGS 21680; the calmodulin kinase II inhibitors CaM kinase II(281 - 309) and KN-93 but not the inactive structural analogue KN-92 were also effective.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
10807662-8	2000	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 and cytochalasin B which enhances actin depolymerization also prevented the effect of CGS 21680; the calmodulin kinase II inhibitors CaM kinase II(281 - 309) and KN-93 but not the inactive structural analogue KN-92 were also effective.	Cytochalasin B	34-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
10807662-8	2000	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 and cytochalasin B which enhances actin depolymerization also prevented the effect of CGS 21680; the calmodulin kinase II inhibitors CaM kinase II(281 - 309) and KN-93 but not the inactive structural analogue KN-92 were also effective.	cysteinylglycine	116-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10807662-8	2000	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 and cytochalasin B which enhances actin depolymerization also prevented the effect of CGS 21680; the calmodulin kinase II inhibitors CaM kinase II(281 - 309) and KN-93 but not the inactive structural analogue KN-92 were also effective.	cysteinylglycine	116-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
10725272-4	2000	Calmodulin activated cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP PDE activity in pellet and was 3 fold (P=0.002) more potent in activating cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis in pellet compared with supernatant fractions.	Cyclic AMP	21-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10737614-6	2000	Based on these results and our previous findings, it is proposed that norepinephrine acted on alpha1A-adrenoceptor and increased intracellular calcium, which in the presence of calmodulin activated a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin.	Norepinephrine	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
10737614-6	2000	Based on these results and our previous findings, it is proposed that norepinephrine acted on alpha1A-adrenoceptor and increased intracellular calcium, which in the presence of calmodulin activated a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin.	Norepinephrine	70-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
10737614-6	2000	Based on these results and our previous findings, it is proposed that norepinephrine acted on alpha1A-adrenoceptor and increased intracellular calcium, which in the presence of calmodulin activated a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin.	Calcium	143-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
10737614-6	2000	Based on these results and our previous findings, it is proposed that norepinephrine acted on alpha1A-adrenoceptor and increased intracellular calcium, which in the presence of calmodulin activated a calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, calcineurin.	Calcium	143-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	200-210
10764914-7	2000	The calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium (30-300 microg/rat; IT) only blocked the excitatory effect (BSL) without modifying the tail-flick analgesia produced by NMDA (4 microg).	calmidazolium	26-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10817660-7	2000	administration of W-7 (a calmodulin antagonist, 30 microg/rat).	W 7	18-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
10817660-8	2000	Taking into consideration these results with our previous reports, it is suggested that cadmium binds to the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin and activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes in a disorderly manner, whereas magnesium does not.	Cadmium	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10817660-8	2000	Taking into consideration these results with our previous reports, it is suggested that cadmium binds to the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin and activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes in a disorderly manner, whereas magnesium does not.	Cadmium	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
10817660-8	2000	Taking into consideration these results with our previous reports, it is suggested that cadmium binds to the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin and activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes in a disorderly manner, whereas magnesium does not.	Calcium	109-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10817660-8	2000	Taking into consideration these results with our previous reports, it is suggested that cadmium binds to the calcium-binding sites of calmodulin and activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent enzymes in a disorderly manner, whereas magnesium does not.	Magnesium	228-237	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10817660-9	2000	Therefore, cadmium increases dopamine synthesis in the brain via a calmodulin-dependent system, and the resultant increase in dopamine levels inhibits sympathetic nerve activity and reduces blood pressure in SHR.	Cadmium	11-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
10725272-4	2000	Calmodulin activated cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP PDE activity in pellet and was 3 fold (P=0.002) more potent in activating cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis in pellet compared with supernatant fractions.	Cyclic GMP	35-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10725272-4	2000	Calmodulin activated cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP PDE activity in pellet and was 3 fold (P=0.002) more potent in activating cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis in pellet compared with supernatant fractions.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	120-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10648884-0	2000	Calmodulin-dependent activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases contributes to c-fos expression by calcium in PC12 cells: modulation by nitric oxide.	Calcium	119-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10660601-6	2000	Both constructs bound to calmodulin-Sepharose.	Sepharose	36-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
10784031-7	2000	Despite their short length, the identified hexapeptides appear to adopt a partial helical conformation similar to other known calmodulin-binding peptides, as shown by CD spectroscopy in the presence of calmodulin and NMR spectroscopy in DMSO.	Dimethyl Sulfoxide	237-241	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
12725045-5	2000	R24571, a special inhibitor of calmodulin, had no effect on membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase activity.	calmidazolium	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
10688641-8	2000	Calmodulin seems to regulate the full activation of Raf-1 after Ras activation, since functional Ras is necessary for Raf-1 activation after nerve growth factor stimulation and calmodulin-Sepharose is able to precipitate Raf-1 in a calcium-dependent manner.	Sepharose	188-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10688641-8	2000	Calmodulin seems to regulate the full activation of Raf-1 after Ras activation, since functional Ras is necessary for Raf-1 activation after nerve growth factor stimulation and calmodulin-Sepharose is able to precipitate Raf-1 in a calcium-dependent manner.	Sepharose	188-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
10688641-8	2000	Calmodulin seems to regulate the full activation of Raf-1 after Ras activation, since functional Ras is necessary for Raf-1 activation after nerve growth factor stimulation and calmodulin-Sepharose is able to precipitate Raf-1 in a calcium-dependent manner.	Calcium	232-239	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10688641-8	2000	Calmodulin seems to regulate the full activation of Raf-1 after Ras activation, since functional Ras is necessary for Raf-1 activation after nerve growth factor stimulation and calmodulin-Sepharose is able to precipitate Raf-1 in a calcium-dependent manner.	Calcium	232-239	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
10868934-12	2000	But, exposing them to 0.1 micromol/l n-[6-aminohexyl]-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, resulted in enhanced IP3 response to BK alone to 292.2 +/- 18.5 pmol/mg protein and to BK in the presence of 1, 2, and 20 nmol/l insulin to 488 +/- 22.2, 625.5 +/- 11.6, and 665.2 +/- 15.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively.	W 7	37-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
10868934-12	2000	But, exposing them to 0.1 micromol/l n-[6-aminohexyl]-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, resulted in enhanced IP3 response to BK alone to 292.2 +/- 18.5 pmol/mg protein and to BK in the presence of 1, 2, and 20 nmol/l insulin to 488 +/- 22.2, 625.5 +/- 11.6, and 665.2 +/- 15.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	136-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
10648884-0	2000	Calmodulin-dependent activation of p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases contributes to c-fos expression by calcium in PC12 cells: modulation by nitric oxide.	Nitric Oxide	156-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10648884-4	2000	The activation of both ERK and p38 kinase by calcium was a calmodulin-dependent process since the pretreatment of W13 or calmidazolium, specific calmodulin antagonists, blocked calcium-induced activation of both MAP kinases.	Calcium	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10648884-4	2000	The activation of both ERK and p38 kinase by calcium was a calmodulin-dependent process since the pretreatment of W13 or calmidazolium, specific calmodulin antagonists, blocked calcium-induced activation of both MAP kinases.	Calcium	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
10648884-4	2000	The activation of both ERK and p38 kinase by calcium was a calmodulin-dependent process since the pretreatment of W13 or calmidazolium, specific calmodulin antagonists, blocked calcium-induced activation of both MAP kinases.	calmidazolium	121-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10648884-4	2000	The activation of both ERK and p38 kinase by calcium was a calmodulin-dependent process since the pretreatment of W13 or calmidazolium, specific calmodulin antagonists, blocked calcium-induced activation of both MAP kinases.	calmidazolium	121-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
10648884-6	2000	This finding indicates that the calmodulin-dependent activation of ERK and p38 kinase is involved in calcium-induced c-fos expression.	Calcium	101-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
10854758-0	2000	Differential regulation of calmodulin content and calmodulin messenger RNA levels by acute and repeated, intermittent amphetamine in dopaminergic terminal and midbrain areas.	Amphetamine	118-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
10706407-1	2000	The amelioration of secretory diarrhea has been reported after the administration of zaldaride maleate (ZAL), a selective calmodulin inhibitor, to male rodents.	CGS 9343B	85-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
10706407-1	2000	The amelioration of secretory diarrhea has been reported after the administration of zaldaride maleate (ZAL), a selective calmodulin inhibitor, to male rodents.	CGS 9343B	104-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
10987386-7	2000	Calmodulin blockers (triftazin and R24) caused a significant decrease (over 50%) in CTC fluorescence in the T4-treated thymocytes.	Trifluoperazine	21-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
11787634-0	2000	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on taurine-stimulated calcium ion uptake in the rat retina are partly independent of calmodulin activity.	Taurine	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
11787634-0	2000	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on taurine-stimulated calcium ion uptake in the rat retina are partly independent of calmodulin activity.	Calcium	56-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
10854758-0	2000	Differential regulation of calmodulin content and calmodulin messenger RNA levels by acute and repeated, intermittent amphetamine in dopaminergic terminal and midbrain areas.	Amphetamine	118-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
10854758-2	2000	The relationship between alterations in calmodulin protein and messenger RNA produced by an initial versus a repeated dose of amphetamine was examined, as well as changes following drug cessation.	Amphetamine	126-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
10854758-3	2000	Calmodulin protein and messenger RNA of the three individual calmodulin genes were measured in rat dopaminergic cell body and terminal areas following acute or repeated amphetamine.	Amphetamine	169-180	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10854758-6	2000	Acute amphetamine increased calmodulin 1.7-fold in the striatum and threefold in the ventral mesencephalon, with corresponding elevations in calmodulin messenger RNAs.	Amphetamine	6-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
10854758-6	2000	Acute amphetamine increased calmodulin 1.7-fold in the striatum and threefold in the ventral mesencephalon, with corresponding elevations in calmodulin messenger RNAs.	Amphetamine	6-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
10854758-7	2000	In response to the 10th dose of amphetamine, however, the degree of increase in calmodulin was diminished in the striatum and ablated in the ventral mesencephalon.	Amphetamine	32-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
10854758-11	2000	By seven days after the 10th injection, calmodulin content was altered compared to saline controls in all areas, but the change in messenger RNA no longer paralleled the change in protein.Our findings demonstrate that both calmodulin protein and select species of calmodulin messenger RNA are altered by acute amphetamine, but this effect is attenuated after repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	310-321	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
10854758-11	2000	By seven days after the 10th injection, calmodulin content was altered compared to saline controls in all areas, but the change in messenger RNA no longer paralleled the change in protein.Our findings demonstrate that both calmodulin protein and select species of calmodulin messenger RNA are altered by acute amphetamine, but this effect is attenuated after repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	310-321	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
10854758-11	2000	By seven days after the 10th injection, calmodulin content was altered compared to saline controls in all areas, but the change in messenger RNA no longer paralleled the change in protein.Our findings demonstrate that both calmodulin protein and select species of calmodulin messenger RNA are altered by acute amphetamine, but this effect is attenuated after repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	382-393	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
10854758-11	2000	By seven days after the 10th injection, calmodulin content was altered compared to saline controls in all areas, but the change in messenger RNA no longer paralleled the change in protein.Our findings demonstrate that both calmodulin protein and select species of calmodulin messenger RNA are altered by acute amphetamine, but this effect is attenuated after repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	382-393	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-233
10854758-13	2000	The alterations in calmodulin content and synthesis could contribute to changes in patterns or duration of behaviors that occur upon cessation of repeated amphetamine.	Amphetamine	155-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
10640681-0	1999	Water deprivation upregulates the three calmodulin genes in exclusively the supraoptic nucleus of the rat brain.	Water	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
10686515-0	2000	Suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis by tamoxifen: studies on protein kinase C, calmodulin and calcium.	Tamoxifen	41-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
10650993-2	2000	Calmodulin labelled with the fluorophore 5-([4,6 dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)-fluorescein (FL-CaM) does not change its fluorescence when it binds calcium, while calmodulin labelled at lysine 75 with 2-chloro-(6-(4-N,N-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl (TA-CaM), an environment-sensitive probe, increases its fluorescence when it binds calcium.	5-((4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein	41-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10650993-2	2000	Calmodulin labelled with the fluorophore 5-([4,6 dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)-fluorescein (FL-CaM) does not change its fluorescence when it binds calcium, while calmodulin labelled at lysine 75 with 2-chloro-(6-(4-N,N-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl (TA-CaM), an environment-sensitive probe, increases its fluorescence when it binds calcium.	5-((4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)amino)fluorescein	41-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
10650993-2	2000	Calmodulin labelled with the fluorophore 5-([4,6 dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)-fluorescein (FL-CaM) does not change its fluorescence when it binds calcium, while calmodulin labelled at lysine 75 with 2-chloro-(6-(4-N,N-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl (TA-CaM), an environment-sensitive probe, increases its fluorescence when it binds calcium.	Lysine	182-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10650993-2	2000	Calmodulin labelled with the fluorophore 5-([4,6 dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)-fluorescein (FL-CaM) does not change its fluorescence when it binds calcium, while calmodulin labelled at lysine 75 with 2-chloro-(6-(4-N,N-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl (TA-CaM), an environment-sensitive probe, increases its fluorescence when it binds calcium.	2-chloro-(6-(4-n,n-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl	197-255	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10650993-2	2000	Calmodulin labelled with the fluorophore 5-([4,6 dichlorotriazin-2yl]amino)-fluorescein (FL-CaM) does not change its fluorescence when it binds calcium, while calmodulin labelled at lysine 75 with 2-chloro-(6-(4-N,N-diethylamino-phenyl)-1,4,5-triazin-4-yl (TA-CaM), an environment-sensitive probe, increases its fluorescence when it binds calcium.	Calcium	339-346	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10640681-3	1999	In this study, the expression of the three CaM genes in response to osmotic stimuli by water deprivation was investigated in the rat brain, with particular interest as concerns the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei.	Water	87-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
10640681-4	1999	CaM mRNA levels were determined by quantitative in situ hybridization autoradiography with gene-specific [35S]cRNA probes.	Sulfur-35	106-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
10590314-0	1999	Ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release mechanism of rat pancreatic acinar cells is modulated by calmodulin.	Ryanodine	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Taurine	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10590314-3	1999	The presence of W-7 (60 microM), a potent inhibitor of CaM, strongly inhibited the release, while W-5 (60 microM), an inactive CaM antagonist, showed no inhibition.	W 7	16-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
10590314-5	1999	The presence of exogenously added CaM (10 microg/ml) markedly increased the caffeine (5-10 mM)-induced (45)Ca(2+) release and shifted the dose-response curve of caffeine-induced (45)Ca(2+) release to the left.	Caffeine	76-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10590314-5	1999	The presence of exogenously added CaM (10 microg/ml) markedly increased the caffeine (5-10 mM)-induced (45)Ca(2+) release and shifted the dose-response curve of caffeine-induced (45)Ca(2+) release to the left.	Caffeine	161-169	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
10590314-7	1999	cADPR (2 microM)- or ryanodine (500 microM)-induced (45)Ca(2+) release was also inhibited by W-7 (60 microM), but not by W-5 (60 microM), and was stimulated by CaM (10 microg/ml).	Ryanodine	21-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
10590314-7	1999	cADPR (2 microM)- or ryanodine (500 microM)-induced (45)Ca(2+) release was also inhibited by W-7 (60 microM), but not by W-5 (60 microM), and was stimulated by CaM (10 microg/ml).	W 7	93-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
10590314-8	1999	These results suggest that the ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release mechanism of rat pancreatic acinar cells is modulated by CaM.	Ryanodine	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
10536367-3	1999	Trifluoperazine (25 and 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly inhibited protein phosphatase activity toward phosphoserine, while it had no effect on the enzyme activity toward phosphotysine and phosphothreonine.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
10536367-3	1999	Trifluoperazine (25 and 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly inhibited protein phosphatase activity toward phosphoserine, while it had no effect on the enzyme activity toward phosphotysine and phosphothreonine.	Phosphoserine	125-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
10536367-4	1999	Cyclosporin A (10(-6)-10(-4) M), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity toward phosphoserine, but not phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine.	Cyclosporine	0-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
10536367-4	1999	Cyclosporin A (10(-6)-10(-4) M), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity toward phosphoserine, but not phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine.	Phosphoserine	113-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
10536367-4	1999	Cyclosporin A (10(-6)-10(-4) M), an inhibitor of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase activity toward phosphoserine, but not phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine.	Phosphoserine	156-169	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
10545100-6	1999	By replacing two arginines conserved between Rab3 isoforms, we generated a mutant with a reduced affinity for calmodulin.	Arginine	17-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
10674919-1	1999	It seems that prostacyclin has an increasing effect on gastric mucosal (antral and fundic) calmodulin level in rats.	Epoprostenol	14-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
10674919-2	1999	Using either the calcium channel blocker verapamil or anti-calmodulin drugs (diazepam, trifluoperazine,) the cytoprotective effect of prostacyclin can be inhibited.	Diazepam	77-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10674919-2	1999	Using either the calcium channel blocker verapamil or anti-calmodulin drugs (diazepam, trifluoperazine,) the cytoprotective effect of prostacyclin can be inhibited.	Trifluoperazine	87-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10674919-2	1999	Using either the calcium channel blocker verapamil or anti-calmodulin drugs (diazepam, trifluoperazine,) the cytoprotective effect of prostacyclin can be inhibited.	Epoprostenol	134-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
10674919-3	1999	Therefore, it is probable that calcium ions and calcium-activated calmodulin play a role in the effect of prostacyclin.	Epoprostenol	106-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
10622228-5	1999	Additionally, application of the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (0.01-0.33 nmol) reduced cardiovascular responses to L-arginine (10 nmol) in a dose-dependent manner.	W 7	54-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
10622228-5	1999	Additionally, application of the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (0.01-0.33 nmol) reduced cardiovascular responses to L-arginine (10 nmol) in a dose-dependent manner.	Arginine	111-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
10566980-2	1999	The addition of calmodulin (10 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture caused a significant increase in protein kinase activity in the presence of CaCl2 (1 mM), indicating that Ca2+ calmodulin or protein kinase C is present in the cytosol.	Calcium Chloride	185-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
10566980-2	1999	The addition of calmodulin (10 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture caused a significant increase in protein kinase activity in the presence of CaCl2 (1 mM), indicating that Ca2+ calmodulin or protein kinase C is present in the cytosol.	Calcium Chloride	185-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
10580852-10	1999	Calmodulin, a major cytosolic calcium binding protein was highest in maturing keratinocytes and in sebaceous gland cells of normal skin; it was notably more abundant in the epidermis near the wound margin and in re-epithelialising areas at a time when local calcium levels were highest.	Calcium	258-265	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10566980-2	1999	The addition of calmodulin (10 microg/ml) or dioctanoylglycerol (5 microg/ml) in the enzyme reaction mixture caused a significant increase in protein kinase activity in the presence of CaCl2 (1 mM), indicating that Ca2+ calmodulin or protein kinase C is present in the cytosol.	dioctanoylglycerol	45-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	220-230
10580852-10	1999	Calmodulin, a major cytosolic calcium binding protein was highest in maturing keratinocytes and in sebaceous gland cells of normal skin; it was notably more abundant in the epidermis near the wound margin and in re-epithelialising areas at a time when local calcium levels were highest.	Calcium	30-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Taurine	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	109-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	109-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Trifluoperazine	194-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Trifluoperazine	211-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Trifluoperazine	211-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide	220-268	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide	220-268	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide	270-273	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide	270-273	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Taurine	302-309	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10490928-3	1999	Calmodulin (CaM) has been reported to affect taurine transport in the choroid plexus and also to inhibit the cyclic nucleotide-gated channel; thus, the effects of the competitive CaM inhibitors trifluoperazine (TFP) and N-(8-aminooctyl)-5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (J-8) were studied on Ca(2+) and taurine uptake in the rat ROS.	Taurine	302-309	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
10448929-0	1999	Involvement of calmodulin and protein kinase C in the regulation of K+ transport by carbachol across the rat distal colon.	Carbachol	84-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
10428068-7	1999	Prenatal exposure to Al reduced significantly the content of nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase and increased the content of calmodulin both in cultured neurons and in the whole cerebellum.	Aluminum	21-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-144
10454153-5	1999	Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for four days also resulted in a significant increase in Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake which was reversed when ethanol-exposed astrocytes were co-incubated with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM kinase.	Ethanol	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10454153-5	1999	Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for four days also resulted in a significant increase in Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake which was reversed when ethanol-exposed astrocytes were co-incubated with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM kinase.	Tritium	99-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10454153-5	1999	Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for four days also resulted in a significant increase in Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake which was reversed when ethanol-exposed astrocytes were co-incubated with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM kinase.	Glutamic Acid	102-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10454153-5	1999	Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for four days also resulted in a significant increase in Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake which was reversed when ethanol-exposed astrocytes were co-incubated with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM kinase.	Ethanol	143-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10454153-5	1999	Exposure to 100 mM ethanol for four days also resulted in a significant increase in Na+-dependent [3H]glutamate uptake which was reversed when ethanol-exposed astrocytes were co-incubated with KN-93, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/CaM kinase.	KN 93	193-198	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10454153-6	1999	These results suggest that the effects of ethanol on glutamate transport may be mediated in part, by the level of Ca2+/CaM kinase activity.	Ethanol	42-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
10454153-6	1999	These results suggest that the effects of ethanol on glutamate transport may be mediated in part, by the level of Ca2+/CaM kinase activity.	Glutamic Acid	53-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
10425159-4	1999	To solve this problem, we describe here a method for the purification of phospho(Tyr)calmodulin free of nonphosphorylated calmodulin.	Tyrosine	81-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
10425159-6	1999	The obtained phospho(Tyr)calmodulin preparation was highly pure and essentially free of nonphosphorylated calmodulin because of the use of anti-phosphotyrosine affinity chromatography.	Phosphotyrosine	144-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
10448929-4	1999	The Ca2+-calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium (10(-7) mol l(-1)) inhibited the stimulation of mucosal and serosal Rb+ efflux by carbachol.	calmidazolium	31-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
10448929-4	1999	The Ca2+-calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium (10(-7) mol l(-1)) inhibited the stimulation of mucosal and serosal Rb+ efflux by carbachol.	Rubidium	113-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
10448929-4	1999	The Ca2+-calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium (10(-7) mol l(-1)) inhibited the stimulation of mucosal and serosal Rb+ efflux by carbachol.	Carbachol	127-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
10448929-5	1999	A similar effect had KN-62 (10(-5) mol l(-1)), an inhibitor of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent kinase II, suggesting the regulation of basolateral and apical K+ channels by this kinase.	KN 62	21-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
10448929-8	1999	Both calmidazolium and staurosporine, but not KN-62, prevented the stimulatory action of carbachol on the H+-K+-ATPase, suggesting a synergistic control of this ion pump by both Ca2+-calmodulin and protein kinase C.	calmidazolium	5-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
10448929-8	1999	Both calmidazolium and staurosporine, but not KN-62, prevented the stimulatory action of carbachol on the H+-K+-ATPase, suggesting a synergistic control of this ion pump by both Ca2+-calmodulin and protein kinase C.	Staurosporine	23-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
10448929-8	1999	Both calmidazolium and staurosporine, but not KN-62, prevented the stimulatory action of carbachol on the H+-K+-ATPase, suggesting a synergistic control of this ion pump by both Ca2+-calmodulin and protein kinase C.	Carbachol	89-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
10318777-0	1999	The bell-shaped Ca2+ dependence of the inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release is modulated by Ca2+/calmodulin.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	39-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
10362639-10	1999	The calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide inhibited AR42J cell proliferation by 20%, whereas it completely blocked G17 induction of GH3 cell growth.	W 7	25-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
10234012-1	1999	After cessation of repeated, intermittent amphetamine, we detected an emergent Ca2+-dependent component of amphetamine-induced dopamine release and an increase in calmodulin and Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in rat striatum.	Amphetamine	42-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
10234012-2	1999	This study examined the involvement of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) and synaptic vesicles in the enhanced Ca2+-dependent dopamine release in response to amphetamine or K+ in rat striatum.	Dopamine	147-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
10234012-1	1999	After cessation of repeated, intermittent amphetamine, we detected an emergent Ca2+-dependent component of amphetamine-induced dopamine release and an increase in calmodulin and Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in rat striatum.	Amphetamine	42-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
10318777-1	1999	Calmodulin inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) binding to the IP3 receptor in both a Ca2+-dependent and a Ca2+-independent way.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	20-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10318777-2	1999	Because there are no functional data on the modulation of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release by calmodulin at various Ca2+ concentrations, we have studied how cytosolic Ca2+ and Sr2+ interfere with the effects of calmodulin on the IP3-induced Ca2+ release in permeabilized A7r5 cells.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	62-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
10234012-2	1999	This study examined the involvement of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) and synaptic vesicles in the enhanced Ca2+-dependent dopamine release in response to amphetamine or K+ in rat striatum.	Amphetamine	179-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
10318777-1	1999	Calmodulin inhibits inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) binding to the IP3 receptor in both a Ca2+-dependent and a Ca2+-independent way.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	50-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10318777-6	1999	Calmodulin also inhibited Ca2+ release through the IP3 receptor in the presence of at least 10 microM Sr2+.	strontium cation	102-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10215590-1	1999	Previous studies have indicated a role for calmodulin in hypoxia-and insulin-stimulated glucose transport.	Glucose	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
10318777-7	1999	We conclude that cytosolic Ca2+ or Sr2+ are absolutely required for the calmodulin-induced inhibition of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release and that this dependence represents the formation of the Ca2+/calmodulin or Sr2+/calmodulin complex.	strontium cation	35-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
10318777-7	1999	We conclude that cytosolic Ca2+ or Sr2+ are absolutely required for the calmodulin-induced inhibition of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release and that this dependence represents the formation of the Ca2+/calmodulin or Sr2+/calmodulin complex.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	109-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
10318777-7	1999	We conclude that cytosolic Ca2+ or Sr2+ are absolutely required for the calmodulin-induced inhibition of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release and that this dependence represents the formation of the Ca2+/calmodulin or Sr2+/calmodulin complex.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	109-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
10318777-7	1999	We conclude that cytosolic Ca2+ or Sr2+ are absolutely required for the calmodulin-induced inhibition of the IP3-induced Ca2+ release and that this dependence represents the formation of the Ca2+/calmodulin or Sr2+/calmodulin complex.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	109-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
10391495-3	1999	Calmodulin is a calcium-binding protein that is widely distributed in nature and is involved in regulating intracellular calcium.	Calcium	16-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
10215590-2	1999	However, since calmodulin interacts with multiple protein targets, it is unknown which of these targets is involved in the regulation of glucose transport.	Glucose	137-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
10215590-3	1999	In the present study, we have used the calcium-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor 1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl) -N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62) to investigate the possible role of this enzyme in the regulation of glucose transport in isolated rat soleus and epitrochlearis muscles.	Calcium	39-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
10215590-3	1999	In the present study, we have used the calcium-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor 1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl) -N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62) to investigate the possible role of this enzyme in the regulation of glucose transport in isolated rat soleus and epitrochlearis muscles.	1-[n, o-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl) -n-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine	105-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
10215590-3	1999	In the present study, we have used the calcium-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor 1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl) -N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62) to investigate the possible role of this enzyme in the regulation of glucose transport in isolated rat soleus and epitrochlearis muscles.	KN 62	184-189	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
10215590-3	1999	In the present study, we have used the calcium-dependent calmodulin protein kinase II (CAMKII) inhibitor 1-[N, O-bis-(5-isoquinolinesulphonyl) -N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazine (KN-62) to investigate the possible role of this enzyme in the regulation of glucose transport in isolated rat soleus and epitrochlearis muscles.	Glucose	260-267	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
10064908-6	1999	All examined steroids decreased the stimulatory effect of a naturally existing activator of the calcium pump, calmodulin.	Steroids	13-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
10355491-7	1999	Immunoblotting experiments showed that aluminium reduced the cerebellar content of calmodulin and nitric oxide synthase by 34 and 15%, respectively.	Aluminum	39-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
10207003-4	1999	Brain-specific protein kinase C substrate, CAP-23/NAP-22, which is involved in the synaptogenesis and neuronal plasticity, binds calmodulin, but the protein lacks any canonical calmodulin-binding domain.	cap	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
10207003-4	1999	Brain-specific protein kinase C substrate, CAP-23/NAP-22, which is involved in the synaptogenesis and neuronal plasticity, binds calmodulin, but the protein lacks any canonical calmodulin-binding domain.	cap	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-187
10207003-5	1999	In the present report, we show that CAP-23/NAP-22 isolated from rat brain is myristoylated and that the modification is directly involved in its interaction with calmodulin.	cap	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
10207003-8	1999	Synthetic peptides based on the N-terminal sequence showed similar binding properties to calmodulin, only when they were myristoylated.	Peptides	10-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
10198335-9	1999	The pp60(c-src) inhibitor herbimycin A (6 microM) inhibited the RhoA band in response to CCK, whereas the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (100 microM) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (6 microM) had no effect.	W 7	127-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	W 7	16-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	W 7	16-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	W 7	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	W 7	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	Cyclic AMP	134-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	Cyclic AMP	134-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
10088722-7	1999	The presence of N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, reduced the rate of degradation of cAMP formed after PGE2 treatment, suggesting the involvement of calmodulin in the activation of phosphodiesterase.	Dinoprostone	152-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-86
9843808-7	1998	ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake activity of SR and the stimulatory effect of calmodulin on Ca2+ uptake were also reduced significantly with aging.	Adenosine Triphosphate	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
10096437-1	1999	CV-159, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic++ + acid methyl 6-(5-phenyl-3-pyrazolyloxy)hexyl ester, is a dihydropyridine derivative that blocks the L-type Ca2+ channel and inhibits the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathway.	CV 159	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
10096437-1	1999	CV-159, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic++ + acid methyl 6-(5-phenyl-3-pyrazolyloxy)hexyl ester, is a dihydropyridine derivative that blocks the L-type Ca2+ channel and inhibits the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathway.	CV 159	0-6	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10096437-1	1999	CV-159, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic++ + acid methyl 6-(5-phenyl-3-pyrazolyloxy)hexyl ester, is a dihydropyridine derivative that blocks the L-type Ca2+ channel and inhibits the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathway.	1,4-dihydropyridine	137-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
10096437-1	1999	CV-159, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic++ + acid methyl 6-(5-phenyl-3-pyrazolyloxy)hexyl ester, is a dihydropyridine derivative that blocks the L-type Ca2+ channel and inhibits the calmodulin (CaM)-dependent pathway.	1,4-dihydropyridine	137-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
10025949-4	1999	In the absence of Ca2+-calmodulin, AMPK also phosphorylates eNOS at Thr-495 in the CaM-binding sequence, resulting in inhibition of eNOS activity but Thr-495 phosphorylation is unchanged during ischaemia.	Threonine	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
10230074-0	1999	Spinal effects of the calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium on dorsal horn neurons in the rat.	calmidazolium	43-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
10230074-1	1999	Drugs able to inhibit calmodulin activation can prevent some consequences of the rise in intracellular calcium.	Calcium	103-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
10230074-3	1999	We study here the effect induced by the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, on the activity of dorsal horn neurons driven by noxious and non-noxious stimuli.	calmidazolium	62-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
9843808-10	1998	The rates of Ca2+ uptake by PLBab-treated SR were significantly lower (45-55%) in the aged compared with adult rat in the absence and presence of calmodulin.	plbab	28-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
9795121-0	1998	Alterations in calmodulin mRNA expression and calmodulin content in rat brain after repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	107-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
9795121-9	1998	Our findings demonstrate that both CaM content and mRNA are altered after an amphetamine regimen leading to sensitization.	Amphetamine	77-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
9795121-10	1998	The fact that the changes in CaM content and mRNA are in dopaminergic brain areas associated with sensitization suggests that CaM could contribute to neurochemical events underlying behavioral sensitization to amphetamine.	Amphetamine	210-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
9795121-10	1998	The fact that the changes in CaM content and mRNA are in dopaminergic brain areas associated with sensitization suggests that CaM could contribute to neurochemical events underlying behavioral sensitization to amphetamine.	Amphetamine	210-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
9736462-2	1998	Phosphatase activity toward phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine in rat liver cytosol was significantly increased by the addition of Ca2+ (100 microM) and calmodulin (0.30 microM).	Phosphotyrosine	28-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
9851588-6	1998	The reductase activity was stimulated about 19.8-fold by addition of CaCl2/calmodulin, indicating that the presence of CaCl2/calmodulin is essential to express maximal activity of LY83583 reduction.	6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione	180-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
9851588-6	1998	The reductase activity was stimulated about 19.8-fold by addition of CaCl2/calmodulin, indicating that the presence of CaCl2/calmodulin is essential to express maximal activity of LY83583 reduction.	6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione	180-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
9851588-7	1998	Although LY83583 was a good substrate for both NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase) and DT-diaphorase, these flavin enzymes-catalyzed reductions of LY83583 were less than the neuronal NO synthase-mediated reduction in the presence of CaCl2/calmodulin.	6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione	9-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-262
9883388-1	1998	In rats, injection of chlorpromazin hydrochloride (CPZ), a calmodulin antagonist, to each uterine horn had a significant (87%) anti-implantation effect and 100% antifertility effect.	chlorpromazin hydrochloride	22-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
9883388-1	1998	In rats, injection of chlorpromazin hydrochloride (CPZ), a calmodulin antagonist, to each uterine horn had a significant (87%) anti-implantation effect and 100% antifertility effect.	Chlorpromazine	51-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
9821955-5	1998	After bile duct ligation and during galactosamine (GalN) hepatitis we found that large amounts of liver membrane-bound C-CAM are secreted or shed into blood.	Galactosamine	36-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9821955-5	1998	After bile duct ligation and during galactosamine (GalN) hepatitis we found that large amounts of liver membrane-bound C-CAM are secreted or shed into blood.	Galactosamine	51-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
9736462-2	1998	Phosphatase activity toward phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine in rat liver cytosol was significantly increased by the addition of Ca2+ (100 microM) and calmodulin (0.30 microM).	Phosphoserine	45-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
9736462-2	1998	Phosphatase activity toward phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine, and phosphothreonine in rat liver cytosol was significantly increased by the addition of Ca2+ (100 microM) and calmodulin (0.30 microM).	Phosphothreonine	64-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
9736462-9	1998	Regucalcin has been demonstrated to bind on calmodulin-agarose beads by analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Sepharose	55-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
9736462-9	1998	Regucalcin has been demonstrated to bind on calmodulin-agarose beads by analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	86-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
9736462-9	1998	Regucalcin has been demonstrated to bind on calmodulin-agarose beads by analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	polyacrylamide	109-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
9716504-7	1998	In the absence of Ca2+, calmodulin caused a concentration-dependent and reversible inhibition of [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors by decreasing their apparent affinity for IP3.	[3h]ip3	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
9716504-7	1998	In the absence of Ca2+, calmodulin caused a concentration-dependent and reversible inhibition of [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors by decreasing their apparent affinity for IP3.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	101-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Tritium	145-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	camstatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	camstatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	camstatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	camstatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Tritium	145-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Tritium	145-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	[3h]ip3	144-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9743467-0	1998	Effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed to individual calmodulin gene transcripts on the proliferation and differentiation of PC12 cells.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	20-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	[3h]ip3	144-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-11	1998	Camstatin, a peptide that binds to calmodulin equally well in the presence or absence of Ca2+, reversed the inhibitory effects of calmodulin on [3H]IP3 binding at all [Ca2+]m. We conclude that calmodulin specifically inhibits [3H]IP3 binding to type-1 IP3 receptors: the first example of a protein regulated by calmodulin in an entirely Ca2+-independent manner.	[3h]ip3	144-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
9716504-12	1998	Inhibition of type-1 IP3 receptors by calmodulin may dynamically regulate their sensitivity to IP3 in response to the changes in cytosolic free calmodulin concentration thought to accompany stimulation of neurones.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	21-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
9716504-12	1998	Inhibition of type-1 IP3 receptors by calmodulin may dynamically regulate their sensitivity to IP3 in response to the changes in cytosolic free calmodulin concentration thought to accompany stimulation of neurones.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	21-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
9743467-3	1998	Culturing PC12 cells in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to the transcripts from CaM genes I and II caused a significant decrease in the proliferation and a significant delay in the NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells when compared with untreated cells and with cells treated with the corresponding randomized oligodeoxynucleotides.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	40-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
9743467-3	1998	Culturing PC12 cells in the presence of oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to the transcripts from CaM genes I and II caused a significant decrease in the proliferation and a significant delay in the NGF-induced differentiation of PC12 cells when compared with untreated cells and with cells treated with the corresponding randomized oligodeoxynucleotides.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	330-351	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
9743467-6	1998	The levels of CaM in cells treated with oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to CaM genes I or II were reduced 52% or 63%, respectively, of the levels found in the control cells.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	40-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
9743467-6	1998	The levels of CaM in cells treated with oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to CaM genes I or II were reduced 52% or 63%, respectively, of the levels found in the control cells.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	40-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9743467-9	1998	The reduced levels of CaM in PC12 cells treated with an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to CaM gene I were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of the CaM gene I mRNAs, supporting a true antisense mechanism of action for these oligodeoxynucleotides.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	56-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
9743467-9	1998	The reduced levels of CaM in PC12 cells treated with an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to CaM gene I were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of the CaM gene I mRNAs, supporting a true antisense mechanism of action for these oligodeoxynucleotides.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	56-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9743467-9	1998	The reduced levels of CaM in PC12 cells treated with an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to CaM gene I were accompanied by a reduction in the levels of the CaM gene I mRNAs, supporting a true antisense mechanism of action for these oligodeoxynucleotides.	Oligodeoxyribonucleotides	56-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9666135-1	1998	Tamoxifen, the major adjuvant drug treatment for estrogen-dependent breast cancer, has been shown previously to affect both estrogen-dependent and calcium/calmodulin-dependent pathways.	Tamoxifen	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
9826030-2	1998	The calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium was an efficient inhibitor (50%) of the synaptosomal Ca2+-ATPase activity in a manner competitive with phosphatidylserine.	calmidazolium	25-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9826030-2	1998	The calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium was an efficient inhibitor (50%) of the synaptosomal Ca2+-ATPase activity in a manner competitive with phosphatidylserine.	Phosphatidylserines	142-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9666135-8	1998	These data are consistent with the hypothesis that both TAM and FLU alter ATP levels in HTH slices via calmodulin- or calcium-mediated processes.	Tamoxifen	56-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
9666135-8	1998	These data are consistent with the hypothesis that both TAM and FLU alter ATP levels in HTH slices via calmodulin- or calcium-mediated processes.	Fluphenazine	64-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
9666135-8	1998	These data are consistent with the hypothesis that both TAM and FLU alter ATP levels in HTH slices via calmodulin- or calcium-mediated processes.	Adenosine Triphosphate	74-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-113
9639675-6	1998	Stimulation of iron uptake by neuroleptics is probably related to their property of calmodulin antagonism, since calmidazolium also stimulated synaptosomal iron uptake from both donors.	Iron	15-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
9639675-9	1998	The results are in agreement with the iron uptake magnitude observed with the different drugs for the two iron donors used and the reported Ki values of neuroleptic drugs for calmodulin antagonism evaluated by the inhibition of 3",5"-monophosphate phosphodiesterase activity.	Iron	38-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
9666166-0	1998	The effect of environment on the changes in calmodulin in rat brain produced by repeated amphetamine treatment.	Amphetamine	89-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
10682597-0	1998	[Effect of dietary calcium on serum calcium and calmodulin activity of brain and hypothalamus in rats].	Calcium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
10682597-9	1998	The study demonstrated that low dietary calcium, hypocalcemia and low calmodulin are associated.	Calcium	40-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
9666166-3	1998	In several brain areas amphetamine altered calmodulin content, but only in the group treated in a novel environment, suggesting that amphetamine-induced alterations in calmodulin may occur only when drug treatments induce behavioral sensitization.	Amphetamine	23-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
9666166-3	1998	In several brain areas amphetamine altered calmodulin content, but only in the group treated in a novel environment, suggesting that amphetamine-induced alterations in calmodulin may occur only when drug treatments induce behavioral sensitization.	Amphetamine	133-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
9666166-3	1998	In several brain areas amphetamine altered calmodulin content, but only in the group treated in a novel environment, suggesting that amphetamine-induced alterations in calmodulin may occur only when drug treatments induce behavioral sensitization.	Amphetamine	133-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-178
9625728-6	1998	Reductase activity of PQ by purified nNOS required CaCl2/calmodulin and was markedly suppressed by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium but not by l-nitroarginine which is a specific inhibitor for NO formation.	9,10-phenanthrenequinone	22-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
9649337-2	1998	There is a progressive, age-dependent reduction in the ability of CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase, which correlates with the oxidative modification of multiple methionines to their corresponding methionine sulfoxides.	Methionine	161-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9649337-2	1998	There is a progressive, age-dependent reduction in the ability of CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase, which correlates with the oxidative modification of multiple methionines to their corresponding methionine sulfoxides.	methionine sulfoxide	196-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9649337-4	1998	Corresponding age-related changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of CaM occur, resulting in alterations in the relative mobility of CaM on polyacrylamide gels, differences in the intrinsic fluorescence intensity and solvent accessibility of Tyr99 and Tyr138, and a reduction in the average alpha-helical content of CaM at 20 degreesC.	polyacrylamide	148-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
9649337-4	1998	Corresponding age-related changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of CaM occur, resulting in alterations in the relative mobility of CaM on polyacrylamide gels, differences in the intrinsic fluorescence intensity and solvent accessibility of Tyr99 and Tyr138, and a reduction in the average alpha-helical content of CaM at 20 degreesC.	polyacrylamide	148-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
9649337-4	1998	Corresponding age-related changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of CaM occur, resulting in alterations in the relative mobility of CaM on polyacrylamide gels, differences in the intrinsic fluorescence intensity and solvent accessibility of Tyr99 and Tyr138, and a reduction in the average alpha-helical content of CaM at 20 degreesC.	polyacrylamide	148-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
9649337-5	1998	Shifts in the calcium- and CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase are observed for CaM isolated from senescent brain, which respectively requires larger concentrations of either calcium or CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
9649337-5	1998	Shifts in the calcium- and CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase are observed for CaM isolated from senescent brain, which respectively requires larger concentrations of either calcium or CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase.	Calcium	14-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
9649337-5	1998	Shifts in the calcium- and CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase are observed for CaM isolated from senescent brain, which respectively requires larger concentrations of either calcium or CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase.	Calcium	184-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
9649337-5	1998	Shifts in the calcium- and CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase are observed for CaM isolated from senescent brain, which respectively requires larger concentrations of either calcium or CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase.	Calcium	184-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
9649337-5	1998	Shifts in the calcium- and CaM-dependent activation of the PM-Ca-ATPase are observed for CaM isolated from senescent brain, which respectively requires larger concentrations of either calcium or CaM to activate the PM-Ca-ATPase.	Calcium	184-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
9649337-6	1998	The observation that the oxidative modification of CaM during normal biological aging results in a reduced calcium sensitivity of the PM-Ca-ATPase, a lower affinity between CaM and the PM-Ca-ATPase, and the reduction in the maximal velocity of the PM-Ca-ATPase is consistent with earlier results that indicate the calcium handling capacity of a range of tissues including brain, heart, and erythrocytes isolated from aged animals declines, resulting in both longer calcium transients and elevated basal levels of intracellular calcium.	Calcium	107-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
9649337-6	1998	The observation that the oxidative modification of CaM during normal biological aging results in a reduced calcium sensitivity of the PM-Ca-ATPase, a lower affinity between CaM and the PM-Ca-ATPase, and the reduction in the maximal velocity of the PM-Ca-ATPase is consistent with earlier results that indicate the calcium handling capacity of a range of tissues including brain, heart, and erythrocytes isolated from aged animals declines, resulting in both longer calcium transients and elevated basal levels of intracellular calcium.	Calcium	314-321	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
9649337-6	1998	The observation that the oxidative modification of CaM during normal biological aging results in a reduced calcium sensitivity of the PM-Ca-ATPase, a lower affinity between CaM and the PM-Ca-ATPase, and the reduction in the maximal velocity of the PM-Ca-ATPase is consistent with earlier results that indicate the calcium handling capacity of a range of tissues including brain, heart, and erythrocytes isolated from aged animals declines, resulting in both longer calcium transients and elevated basal levels of intracellular calcium.	Calcium	314-321	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
9649337-6	1998	The observation that the oxidative modification of CaM during normal biological aging results in a reduced calcium sensitivity of the PM-Ca-ATPase, a lower affinity between CaM and the PM-Ca-ATPase, and the reduction in the maximal velocity of the PM-Ca-ATPase is consistent with earlier results that indicate the calcium handling capacity of a range of tissues including brain, heart, and erythrocytes isolated from aged animals declines, resulting in both longer calcium transients and elevated basal levels of intracellular calcium.	Calcium	314-321	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
9649337-7	1998	Thus, the oxidative modification of selected methionines in CaM may explain aspects of the loss of calcium homeostasis associated with the aging process.	Methionine	45-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9649337-7	1998	Thus, the oxidative modification of selected methionines in CaM may explain aspects of the loss of calcium homeostasis associated with the aging process.	Calcium	99-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9669498-3	1998	Contractions induced by extracellular arachidonic acid were inhibited similarly to phenylephrine-induced contractions by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, methoxyverapamil (D600), and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium.	Arachidonic Acid	38-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
9669498-3	1998	Contractions induced by extracellular arachidonic acid were inhibited similarly to phenylephrine-induced contractions by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, methoxyverapamil (D600), and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium.	Phenylephrine	83-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
9669498-3	1998	Contractions induced by extracellular arachidonic acid were inhibited similarly to phenylephrine-induced contractions by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, methoxyverapamil (D600), and the calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium.	calmidazolium	209-222	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-197
9566597-1	1998	It has been shown that melatonin through binding to calmodulin acts both in vitro and in vivo as a potent calmodulin antagonist.	Melatonin	23-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
9572870-7	1998	The Vmax at saturating concentrations of PCaM was less affected, with the exception of CaM-kinase II, which was only minimally activated by PCaM and NOS whose Vmax was increased 2.6 times by PCaM with respect to CaM.	pcam	140-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
9572870-8	1998	Phosphorylation of calmodulin had very little effect on the binding of calcium to the enzyme despite the fact that Ser 101 which is phosphorylated is located in the third calcium binding loop.	Serine	115-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
9566597-1	1998	It has been shown that melatonin through binding to calmodulin acts both in vitro and in vivo as a potent calmodulin antagonist.	Melatonin	23-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
9566597-9	1998	The results show that besides the melatonin binding to calmodulin, the hormone also interacts with protein kinase C only in the presence of Ca2+.	Melatonin	34-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
9522171-6	1998	Neuroactive steroids moderately decreased the stimulation of the Mg(2+)-dependent Ca(2+)-ATPase activity by 72 nM calmodulin, by 20-30%.	Steroids	12-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
9442916-4	1997	Since 3",5"-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase is a well-known calmodulin-modulated enzyme, in this work we studied the effect in vitro of different purified calcium binding proteins on the activity of this enzyme.	Calcium	159-166	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
9405289-7	1998	Ca2+-induced binding of the AP-1 factor to the regucalcin gene was completely inhibited by simultaneous administration of trifluoperazine, an antagonist of calmodulin, suggesting that the activation of nuclear AP-1 protein is partly mediated through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent pathway.	Trifluoperazine	122-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
9405289-7	1998	Ca2+-induced binding of the AP-1 factor to the regucalcin gene was completely inhibited by simultaneous administration of trifluoperazine, an antagonist of calmodulin, suggesting that the activation of nuclear AP-1 protein is partly mediated through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent pathway.	Trifluoperazine	122-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-267
9457477-8	1998	The calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (1-100 microM) relaxed, in a concentration-dependent way, the vanadate contraction (EC50:67.0 +/- 18 microM).	W 7	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9457477-8	1998	The calmodulin inhibitor W-7 (1-100 microM) relaxed, in a concentration-dependent way, the vanadate contraction (EC50:67.0 +/- 18 microM).	Vanadates	91-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9581512-5	1998	Interaction with calmodulin may contribute to the inhibition of MLCK and CDPK by piceatannol.	3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene	81-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
9537510-4	1998	The calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium or CGS 9343B applied before the thapsigargin treatment inhibited SOC, whereas they were ineffective when added after the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ transient.	calmidazolium	27-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9537510-4	1998	The calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium or CGS 9343B applied before the thapsigargin treatment inhibited SOC, whereas they were ineffective when added after the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ transient.	CGS 9343B	44-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9537510-4	1998	The calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium or CGS 9343B applied before the thapsigargin treatment inhibited SOC, whereas they were ineffective when added after the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ transient.	Thapsigargin	73-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9537510-4	1998	The calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium or CGS 9343B applied before the thapsigargin treatment inhibited SOC, whereas they were ineffective when added after the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ transient.	Thapsigargin	162-174	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9541283-0	1998	Effects of KW-5617 (zaldaride maleate), a potent and selective calmodulin inhibitor, on secretory diarrhea and on gastrointestinal propulsion in rats.	CGS 9343B	11-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
9541283-0	1998	Effects of KW-5617 (zaldaride maleate), a potent and selective calmodulin inhibitor, on secretory diarrhea and on gastrointestinal propulsion in rats.	CGS 9343B	20-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
9541283-1	1998	KW-5617 (zaldaride maleate), 1,3-dihydro-1-[1-[(4-methyl-4H,6H-pyrrolo[1,2-a][4,1]-benzoxazepin -4-yl)methyl]-4-piperidinyl]-2H-benzimidazol-2-one maleate, is a selective calmodulin inhibitor.	CGS 9343B	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
9473453-4	1998	The recombinant calmodulin lacked the N-terminal methionine, and posttranslational modifications such as Nalpha-acetylation and methylation.	Methionine	49-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
9442916-7	1997	Moreover, while the presence of calcium in the incubation mixture was critical in the calmodulin-mediated stimulation of the enzyme, it did not modify the effect of the recombinant brain parvalbumin.	Calcium	32-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
9412646-0	1997	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine in transient focal brain ischemia in rats.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9450664-1	1997	The effect of regucalcin, a novel Ca2+-binding protein, on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in the cytosol of rat renal cortex was investigated.	Cyclic AMP	85-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
9450664-1	1997	The effect of regucalcin, a novel Ca2+-binding protein, on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in the cytosol of rat renal cortex was investigated.	Adenosine Monophosphate	117-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
9450664-5	1997	The presence of trifluoperazine (10 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, caused a partial inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity.	Trifluoperazine	16-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
9450664-5	1997	The presence of trifluoperazine (10 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, caused a partial inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity.	Trifluoperazine	16-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
9450664-8	1997	Moreover, the activatory effect of calmodulin (20 U/ml) on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was not entirely seen, when calmodulin was added 10 min after incubation in the presence of CaCl2 (10 microM) and regucalcin (10[-7] M).	Calcium Chloride	180-185	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
9450664-8	1997	Moreover, the activatory effect of calmodulin (20 U/ml) on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase was not entirely seen, when calmodulin was added 10 min after incubation in the presence of CaCl2 (10 microM) and regucalcin (10[-7] M).	Calcium Chloride	180-185	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
9412646-2	1997	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the efficacy and the therapeutic window for the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine in experiments involving transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.	Trifluoperazine	129-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
9335543-8	1997	Furthermore, 125I-labeled CaM-binding peptide from NHE1 was efficiently crosslinked to the NHE1 protein, suggesting that the inhibitory domain physically interacts with part(s) of the molecule.	Iodine-125	13-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
9428976-7	1997	It was further observed that VUF 8929 has a high affinity for calmodulin as it shows high potency in inhibiting the calmodulin mediated activation of PDE.	vuf	29-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
9428976-7	1997	It was further observed that VUF 8929 has a high affinity for calmodulin as it shows high potency in inhibiting the calmodulin mediated activation of PDE.	vuf	29-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
9334402-3	1997	Of many epithelial, neuronal, and glial markers, we found that calcium-binding protein antibodies recognizing calretinin, calmodulin, or parvalbumin labeled immature hair cells in rat vestibular end organs.	Calcium	63-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Dopamine	310-318	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-3	1997	From a number of animal experiments concerning the effects of calcium on blood pressure, we believe that calcium ions have two separate roles in the regulation of blood pressure through both central and peripheral systems: (1) calcium ions reduce blood pressure through a central, calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine-synthesizing system and (2) calcium ions increase blood pressure through an intracellular, calcium-dependent mechanism in the peripheral vasculature.	Calcium	105-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	289-299
9370048-5	1997	The decrease of the serum calcium level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) causes a decrease in calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine synthesis in the brain.	Calcium	26-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
9370048-5	1997	The decrease of the serum calcium level in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) causes a decrease in calcium/calmodulin-dependent dopamine synthesis in the brain.	Dopamine	131-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
9370048-9	1997	Cadmium which is not distinguished from calcium by calmodulin, activates calmodulin-dependent functions in the brain, and increased dopamine levels may decrease blood pressure.	Cadmium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
9291121-4	1997	The dissociation constants (Kd) of TA-calmodulin binding to GAP 10 (MNWTGLYTLLSGVNRHSTAIG, residues 1-21) and GAP 8M (ACARRAQRRSNPPSR, residues 216-230) were 27 nM and 1.2 microM respectively at 150 mM ionic strength, 2 mM MgCl2, 100 microM CaCl2, pH 7.0 and 21 degrees C. Both halves of each peptide were required for calmodulin binding.	Magnesium Chloride	223-228	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
9350040-5	1997	Calmodulin was found to antagonize the action of okadaic acid on such phosphorylation.	Okadaic Acid	49-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9291121-4	1997	The dissociation constants (Kd) of TA-calmodulin binding to GAP 10 (MNWTGLYTLLSGVNRHSTAIG, residues 1-21) and GAP 8M (ACARRAQRRSNPPSR, residues 216-230) were 27 nM and 1.2 microM respectively at 150 mM ionic strength, 2 mM MgCl2, 100 microM CaCl2, pH 7.0 and 21 degrees C. Both halves of each peptide were required for calmodulin binding.	Calcium Chloride	241-246	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
9291121-5	1997	Substitution of Trp3 present in all connexins by Tyr increased Kd for TA-calmodulin by 40-fold.	Tyrosine	49-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
9266850-1	1997	We report the half-lives for two proteins involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium in the brain: the plasma membrane Ca-ATPase and its regulatory protein, calmodulin.	Calcium	86-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
9339391-0	1997	Loss of cell surface microvilli on rat basophilic leukaemia cells precedes secretion and can be mimicked using the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	137-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
9339391-11	1997	It can be mimicked using trifluoperazine and we suggest it may involve calmodulin-binding components of the microvillus cytoskeleton such as myosin I.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
9313897-0	1997	Alterations of calmodulin and its mRNA in rat brain after acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine.	Methamphetamine	94-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
9313897-1	1997	The effect of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine (METH) on the levels of calmodulin (CaM) and its mRNAs has been investigated in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotides to three distinct rat CaM genes (CaM I, CaM II, CaM III).	Methamphetamine	50-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
9313897-1	1997	The effect of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine (METH) on the levels of calmodulin (CaM) and its mRNAs has been investigated in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotides to three distinct rat CaM genes (CaM I, CaM II, CaM III).	Methamphetamine	50-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9313897-1	1997	The effect of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine (METH) on the levels of calmodulin (CaM) and its mRNAs has been investigated in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotides to three distinct rat CaM genes (CaM I, CaM II, CaM III).	Methamphetamine	67-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
9313897-1	1997	The effect of acute and chronic administration of methamphetamine (METH) on the levels of calmodulin (CaM) and its mRNAs has been investigated in rat brain using antisense oligonucleotides to three distinct rat CaM genes (CaM I, CaM II, CaM III).	Methamphetamine	67-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9313897-2	1997	CaM I mRNA was reduced in the striatum and nucleus accumbens within 2 h of acute administration of 4 mg/kg METH, but returned to the control level by 6 h. The CaM content in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the striatum was reduced 0.5, 2, and 6 h after acute administration of METH.	Methamphetamine	107-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9313897-2	1997	CaM I mRNA was reduced in the striatum and nucleus accumbens within 2 h of acute administration of 4 mg/kg METH, but returned to the control level by 6 h. The CaM content in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the striatum was reduced 0.5, 2, and 6 h after acute administration of METH.	Methamphetamine	107-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9313897-2	1997	CaM I mRNA was reduced in the striatum and nucleus accumbens within 2 h of acute administration of 4 mg/kg METH, but returned to the control level by 6 h. The CaM content in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the striatum was reduced 0.5, 2, and 6 h after acute administration of METH.	Methamphetamine	290-294	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
9313897-2	1997	CaM I mRNA was reduced in the striatum and nucleus accumbens within 2 h of acute administration of 4 mg/kg METH, but returned to the control level by 6 h. The CaM content in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions of the striatum was reduced 0.5, 2, and 6 h after acute administration of METH.	Methamphetamine	290-294	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9313897-14	1997	The CaM content in both the cytosolic and membrane fractions and total CaM content of the SN/VTA decreased significantly in the SM, MS and MM group as compared with the SS group.	H-SER-SER-OH	169-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
9313897-16	1997	These results suggest that chronic METH administration leads to a translocation of CaM from the cytosolic to membrane fractions; these may underlie METH-induced behavioral sensitization.	Methamphetamine	35-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9313897-16	1997	These results suggest that chronic METH administration leads to a translocation of CaM from the cytosolic to membrane fractions; these may underlie METH-induced behavioral sensitization.	Methamphetamine	148-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9285946-2	1997	This activation occurs concomitantly with the activation of the low-Km adenosine 3":5"-cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE), which appears to be coregulated with CaM.	Adenosine	71-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
9138098-4	1997	Moreover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies suggest that melatonin can interact with calmodulin modifying the binding of the peptide to the synthetic NOS peptide encompassing the calmodulin-binding domain of constitutive NOS from rat cerebellum, the natural mechanism by which calmodulin activates cerebellar NOS.	polyacrylamide	10-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
9347119-8	1997	In the presence of optimal concentrations of Ca++ and calmodulin, a dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of the various proteins by two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, was observed; 50% inhibition of phosphorylation of the different proteins was obtained at approx.	Trifluoperazine	172-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
9347119-8	1997	In the presence of optimal concentrations of Ca++ and calmodulin, a dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of the various proteins by two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, was observed; 50% inhibition of phosphorylation of the different proteins was obtained at approx.	Trifluoperazine	172-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
9347119-8	1997	In the presence of optimal concentrations of Ca++ and calmodulin, a dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of the various proteins by two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, was observed; 50% inhibition of phosphorylation of the different proteins was obtained at approx.	calmidazolium	192-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
9347119-8	1997	In the presence of optimal concentrations of Ca++ and calmodulin, a dose-dependent inhibition of the phosphorylation of the various proteins by two calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, was observed; 50% inhibition of phosphorylation of the different proteins was obtained at approx.	calmidazolium	192-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-158
9209550-2	1997	This investigation was designed to provide evidence on the role of protein kinase C (PKC) and calmodulin in vasoconstriction by ethanol.	Ethanol	128-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
9223555-6	1997	The calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (100 microM) did not modify the amplitude of the OA-induced contraction but significantly increased the rate of tension decay.	W-7 HYDROCHLORIDE	25-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9306415-3	1997	Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibition was not competitive with respect to L-arginine, and the peptide produced a Ca(2+)-dependent, electrophoretic mobility shift of CaM on 1M urea gels.	Urea	184-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-177
9306415-4	1997	A specific hydrophobic/basic amino acid cluster in the rat nNOS sequence, Lys732LysLeu, critical for its CaM binding was also identified.	Amino Acids, Basic	23-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
9306415-4	1997	A specific hydrophobic/basic amino acid cluster in the rat nNOS sequence, Lys732LysLeu, critical for its CaM binding was also identified.	lys732lysleu	74-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
9306415-5	1997	Addition of CaM to inactive nNOS, generated by mutation of (Lys732LysLeu) to (Asp732AspGlu), which maintains dimerization ability, resulted in no enzyme activity, even at a 30:1 molar excess of CaM.	lys732lysleu	60-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
9306415-5	1997	Addition of CaM to inactive nNOS, generated by mutation of (Lys732LysLeu) to (Asp732AspGlu), which maintains dimerization ability, resulted in no enzyme activity, even at a 30:1 molar excess of CaM.	asp732aspglu	78-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
9362104-1	1997	Oral administration of ethyl O-[N-(p-carboxyphenyl-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate (CAM), a derivative of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and an inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, dose-dependently suppressed acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats without exerting any serious adverse effects.	ethyl o-[n-(p-carboxyphenyl-carbamoyl]-mycophenolate	23-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
9138098-0	1997	Inhibition of cerebellar nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP production by melatonin via complex formation with calmodulin.	nitric	25-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
9138098-0	1997	Inhibition of cerebellar nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP production by melatonin via complex formation with calmodulin.	Cyclic GMP	51-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
9138098-0	1997	Inhibition of cerebellar nitric oxide synthase and cyclic GMP production by melatonin via complex formation with calmodulin.	Melatonin	76-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
9138098-3	1997	Results also show that calmodulin appears to be involved in this process because its presence in the incubation medium was able to prevent the effect of melatonin on both NOS activity and cyclic GMP production.	Melatonin	153-162	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
9138098-3	1997	Results also show that calmodulin appears to be involved in this process because its presence in the incubation medium was able to prevent the effect of melatonin on both NOS activity and cyclic GMP production.	Cyclic GMP	188-198	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
9138098-4	1997	Moreover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies suggest that melatonin can interact with calmodulin modifying the binding of the peptide to the synthetic NOS peptide encompassing the calmodulin-binding domain of constitutive NOS from rat cerebellum, the natural mechanism by which calmodulin activates cerebellar NOS.	Melatonin	66-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
9138098-4	1997	Moreover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies suggest that melatonin can interact with calmodulin modifying the binding of the peptide to the synthetic NOS peptide encompassing the calmodulin-binding domain of constitutive NOS from rat cerebellum, the natural mechanism by which calmodulin activates cerebellar NOS.	Melatonin	66-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
9138098-4	1997	Moreover, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies suggest that melatonin can interact with calmodulin modifying the binding of the peptide to the synthetic NOS peptide encompassing the calmodulin-binding domain of constitutive NOS from rat cerebellum, the natural mechanism by which calmodulin activates cerebellar NOS.	Melatonin	66-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
9169102-0	1997	Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole.	Serotonin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9169102-0	1997	Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole.	Adenosine Triphosphate	84-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Arginine	66-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-0	1997	Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole.	glucose-1,6-bisphosphate	92-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	NADP	76-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-0	1997	Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole.	Thioridazine	175-187	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Oxygen	86-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-0	1997	Serotonin decreases cytoskeletal and cytosolic glycolytic enzymes and the levels of ATP and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate in skin, which is prevented by the calmodulin antagonists thioridazine and clotrimazole.	Clotrimazole	192-204	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Nitric Oxide	96-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Citrulline	113-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-5	1997	All these pathological changes induced by serotonin were prevented by treatment with two structurally different calmodulin antagonists: thioridazine, an antipsychotic phenothiazine, or clotrimazole, from the group of the antifungal azole derivatives that were recently recognized as calmodulin antagonists.	Serotonin	42-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Heme	131-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-5	1997	All these pathological changes induced by serotonin were prevented by treatment with two structurally different calmodulin antagonists: thioridazine, an antipsychotic phenothiazine, or clotrimazole, from the group of the antifungal azole derivatives that were recently recognized as calmodulin antagonists.	Serotonin	42-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	283-293
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	sapropterin	137-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	sapropterin	174-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9169102-6	1997	The present results suggest that calmodulin antagonists may be effective drugs in the treatment of skin damage under various pathological conditions and diseases in which serotonin levels are increased.	Serotonin	171-180	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
9173872-1	1997	Nitric oxide synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) catalyses the conversion of arginine, NADPH and oxygen to nitric oxide and citrulline, using haem, (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin (tetrahydrobiopterin), calmodulin, FAD and FMN as cofactors.	Flavin Mononucleotide	216-219	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-206
9075722-7	1997	A decrease in 17betaHSD activity caused by KT-5720, a specific inhibitor of protein kinase A and the calmodulin antagonist W-7, indicates that the ATP requirement may be related to the participation of protein kinases in the activation of 17betaHSD.	Adenosine Triphosphate	147-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
9173872-2	1997	The enzyme consists of a central calmodulin-binding sequence flanked on the N-terminal side by a haem-binding region that contains the arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin sites and on the C-terminal side by a region homologous with NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase.	sapropterin	148-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
9173872-2	1997	The enzyme consists of a central calmodulin-binding sequence flanked on the N-terminal side by a haem-binding region that contains the arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin sites and on the C-terminal side by a region homologous with NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase.	NADP	229-234	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
9105887-1	1997	Cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation induced by agonist stimulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthase type I is known to occur in both granule cell and astrocyte cultures from rat cerebellum.	Cyclic GMP	12-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
9105887-1	1997	Cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation induced by agonist stimulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthase type I is known to occur in both granule cell and astrocyte cultures from rat cerebellum.	Cyclic GMP	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
9105887-1	1997	Cyclic GMP (cGMP) formation induced by agonist stimulation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthase type I is known to occur in both granule cell and astrocyte cultures from rat cerebellum.	Nitric Oxide	88-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
9105887-2	1997	Here we show that in these same cells cGMP is predominantly hydrolyzed by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase.	Cyclic GMP	38-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
9105887-4	1997	The calmodulin antagonist calmidazolium blocked the Ca(2+)-dependent phosphodiesterase activity and exogenous calmodulin increased 3-4-fold the stimulatory potency of Ca2+ in both cell types (EC50 values 1.26 +/- 0.20 and 1.50 +/- 0.42 microM in the absence and 0.38 +/- 0.11 and 0.39 +/- 0.14 microM in the presence of 1 microM calmodulin, for neurons and astrocytes, respectively).	calmidazolium	26-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9105887-6	1997	The nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) effectively blocked the Ca2+/calmodulin-phosphodiesterase activity in granule cell and astrocyte extracts (IC50 values at 1 microM cGMP: 31 +/- 10 microM and 46 +/- 6 microM, respectively), in contrast to the apparent inability of this compound to inhibit the Ca(2+)-dependent activity reported in whole brain extracts.	3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine	45-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
9812856-5	1997	Calmodulin stimulated the activity of nuclear Ca(2+)-ATPase and 45Ca2+ transport; while calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine exerted an opposite effect.	Trifluoperazine	109-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
9105887-6	1997	The nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine (IBMX) effectively blocked the Ca2+/calmodulin-phosphodiesterase activity in granule cell and astrocyte extracts (IC50 values at 1 microM cGMP: 31 +/- 10 microM and 46 +/- 6 microM, respectively), in contrast to the apparent inability of this compound to inhibit the Ca(2+)-dependent activity reported in whole brain extracts.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	73-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
9054465-3	1997	Since intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) following agonist stimulation were elevated in cells from both hypertensive humans and SHR, we have examined the role of calcium-calmodulin (CaM) in the mechanism of increased NHE activity in vascular myocytes of SHR by determining the activity and phosphorylation state of NHE isoform-1 (NHE-1) in cells from SHR and WKY when [Ca2+]i was elevated by the ionophores A23187 or ionomycin.	Calcium	166-173	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
9109823-5	1997	Calmodulin produced a concentration-dependent increase in binding above that of Ca++ alone, and this effect was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium.	Trifluoperazine	153-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9109823-5	1997	Calmodulin produced a concentration-dependent increase in binding above that of Ca++ alone, and this effect was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium.	Trifluoperazine	153-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
9109823-5	1997	Calmodulin produced a concentration-dependent increase in binding above that of Ca++ alone, and this effect was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium.	calmidazolium	173-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9109823-5	1997	Calmodulin produced a concentration-dependent increase in binding above that of Ca++ alone, and this effect was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium.	calmidazolium	173-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
9054465-10	1997	Calmodulin-agarose beads bound NHE-1 extracted from SHR cells to a lesser extent than that from WKY cells.	Sepharose	11-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9080419-2	1997	Protection of pyramidal cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus by calmidazolium and W7 against hypoxia/hypoglycemia suggests that activation of intracellular calmodulin plays a significant role in ischemic neuronal injury.	calmidazolium	70-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
9012747-11	1997	Inhibition of calmodulin (by 1.5 mumol/L calmidazolium) and of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (by 2 mumol/L 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazin e [KN-62]) significantly slowed down pH1 recovery in both normal and diabetic cells.	KN 62	121-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
9012747-11	1997	Inhibition of calmodulin (by 1.5 mumol/L calmidazolium) and of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (by 2 mumol/L 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazin e [KN-62]) significantly slowed down pH1 recovery in both normal and diabetic cells.	KN 62	121-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
9012747-11	1997	Inhibition of calmodulin (by 1.5 mumol/L calmidazolium) and of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (by 2 mumol/L 1-[N,O-bis(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenylpiperazin e [KN-62]) significantly slowed down pH1 recovery in both normal and diabetic cells.	KN 62	197-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
9083787-3	1997	Calmodulin levels, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were also found to the decreased in duodenum from streptozotocin-diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	102-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9120579-7	1997	The high-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-7) (5 microM) completely blocked, whereas the low-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-5) (50 microM) did not affect, the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	n-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride	39-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
9025775-0	1997	Cisplatin-induced inhibition of the calcium-calmodulin complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase activation and their role in stomach distention.	Cisplatin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum	31-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum	31-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum	31-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	Cisplatin	50-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	Cisplatin	50-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
9025775-5	1997	Mero-Calmodulin-1, showed that cis-diammine-diaquacisplatinum(II), a hydrolyzed form of cisplatin, inhibited the calmodulin conformational shift from occurring through a direct interaction with the calmodulin molecule.	Cisplatin	50-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-208
9025775-6	1997	The results indicate that distention of the stomach was due to inhibition of neuronal NOS activation by a direct interaction between cisplatin and the calcium binding sites of the calmodulin molecule.	Cisplatin	133-142	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
9025775-6	1997	The results indicate that distention of the stomach was due to inhibition of neuronal NOS activation by a direct interaction between cisplatin and the calcium binding sites of the calmodulin molecule.	Calcium	151-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
8958128-8	1997	Exogenously added cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) or calmodulin (CAM) increased SR calcium uptake activity.	sr calcium	91-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
8958128-8	1997	Exogenously added cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (A-PK) or calmodulin (CAM) increased SR calcium uptake activity.	sr calcium	91-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
9120579-8	1997	The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (50 microM) also suppressed the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	Trifluoperazine	25-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
9120579-9	1997	In addition, calcium/ calmodulin kinase II inhibitor 1-[N,O-bis (1,5-isoquinol-inesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-pip erazine (KN-62) (10 microM) markedly depressed the amplitude and net outward current of the hypoxic hyperpolarization without affecting the reversal potential.	1-[n,o-bis (1,5-isoquinol-inesulfonyl)-n-methyl-l-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-pip erazine	53-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
9120579-9	1997	In addition, calcium/ calmodulin kinase II inhibitor 1-[N,O-bis (1,5-isoquinol-inesulfonyl)-N-methyl-L-tyrosyl]-4-phenyl-pip erazine (KN-62) (10 microM) markedly depressed the amplitude and net outward current of the hypoxic hyperpolarization without affecting the reversal potential.	KN 62	134-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
9120579-7	1997	The high-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-7) (5 microM) completely blocked, whereas the low-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-5) (50 microM) did not affect, the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	W 7	106-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
9120579-7	1997	The high-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-7) (5 microM) completely blocked, whereas the low-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-5) (50 microM) did not affect, the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	W 7	106-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-177
9120579-7	1997	The high-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-7) (5 microM) completely blocked, whereas the low-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-5) (50 microM) did not affect, the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride	188-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
9120579-7	1997	The high-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-7) (5 microM) completely blocked, whereas the low-affinity calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonomide hydrochloride (W-5) (50 microM) did not affect, the hypoxic hyperpolarization.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	245-248	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
9047037-8	1996	The results of glycosylated protein determination with the thiobartiuric acid method were in accordance with calmodulin activities.	thiobartiuric acid	59-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
9231360-7	1997	Calmodulin blockers (triphthasine and R24) slightly decreased the CTC fluorescence intensity in the HC-treated cells as compared to the control.	Trifluoperazine	21-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9231360-7	1997	Calmodulin blockers (triphthasine and R24) slightly decreased the CTC fluorescence intensity in the HC-treated cells as compared to the control.	Hydrocortisone	100-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9231360-8	1997	HC was found to inhibit the calmodulin-mediated Ca2+ accumulation in the thymocyte membrane.	Hydrocortisone	0-2	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
8972716-8	1996	Raised external K+ (54 mM) led to accelerated amino acid efflux which required calmodulin activation and was blocked by (i) omission of external Ca2+, (ii) the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1 microM), (iii) the anion transport inhibitor DIDS (25 microM for GABA, 100 microM for L-glutamate, see Ref.	Nifedipine	199-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
8985594-3	1996	Calmodulin-binding proteins present in this nuclear subfraction were purified by chromatography using first a DEAE-Sephacel column and subsequently a calmodulin-Sepharose column.	2-diethylaminoethanol	110-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8985594-3	1996	Calmodulin-binding proteins present in this nuclear subfraction were purified by chromatography using first a DEAE-Sephacel column and subsequently a calmodulin-Sepharose column.	Sepharose	161-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
9394493-7	1996	The intrahypothalamic pathway by which NO controls LHRH release is as follows: glutamergic neurons synapse with noradrenergic terminals in the MBH which release nonepinephrine (NE) that acts on alpha 1 receptors on the NOergic neuron to increase intracellular free Ca++ which combines with calmodulin to activate NOS.	nonepinephrine	161-175	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	290-300
9001889-3	1996	The protein kinase C inhibitors, H-7 and staurosporine, and downregulation of protein kinase C could not inhibit prostaglandin E2 production, while W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, abolished it.	W 7	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-165
9001889-5	1996	Thus, endothelin 1 evokes prostaglandin E2 production in mesangial cells mainly through the activation of phospholipase A2, dependent on intracellular calcium and calmodulin and independent of extracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and pertussis toxin sensitive guanosine 5"-triphosphate binding proteins.	Dinoprostone	26-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
8947510-0	1996	Inhibition by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomorpholine in Sprague-Dawley rats.	Trifluoperazine	40-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8946317-0	1996	Tryptophan hydroxylase: purification by affinity chromatography on calmodulin-sepharose.	Sepharose	78-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
8946317-1	1996	Tryptophan hydroxylase (EC 1.14.16.4; L-tryptophan, tetrahydropteridine: oxygen oxidoreductase (5-hydroxylating)) from rat mesencephalic tegmentum has been purified by sequential chromatography on Blue-Sepharose, DE-52, and calmodulin-Sepharose.	Tryptophan	38-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
8946317-3	1996	Tryptophan hydroxylase binds to calmodulin-Sepharose in the presence of calcium and is eluted with either EGTA or calmodulin itself, but not with tryptophan.	Sepharose	43-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
8946317-3	1996	Tryptophan hydroxylase binds to calmodulin-Sepharose in the presence of calcium and is eluted with either EGTA or calmodulin itself, but not with tryptophan.	Calcium	72-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
8947510-0	1996	Inhibition by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine of experimental hepatocarcinogenesis induced by N-nitrosomorpholine in Sprague-Dawley rats.	N-nitrosomorpholine	104-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8957230-6	1996	As for calmodulin antagonists, W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide; 10 and 100 microM) as well as calmidazolium (10 nM to 1 microM) reduced the Ba2+ current.	w-7 (n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	31-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
8896805-10	1996	Haloperidol pretreatment, but not amphetamine or MK-801, increased calmodulin in striatal but not limbic forebrain membranes.	Haloperidol	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
8855334-7	1996	At midday, AC activity was inhibited by calcium (40%) either in the presence or absence of calmodulin, while at night the enzyme was markedly (3-fold) activated by the calcium-calmodulin complex.	Actinium	11-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8855334-7	1996	At midday, AC activity was inhibited by calcium (40%) either in the presence or absence of calmodulin, while at night the enzyme was markedly (3-fold) activated by the calcium-calmodulin complex.	Actinium	11-13	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
8855334-7	1996	At midday, AC activity was inhibited by calcium (40%) either in the presence or absence of calmodulin, while at night the enzyme was markedly (3-fold) activated by the calcium-calmodulin complex.	Calcium	40-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
8896805-0	1996	Haloperidol and MK-801 block increases in striatal calmodulin resulting from repeated amphetamine treatment.	Haloperidol	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8896805-0	1996	Haloperidol and MK-801 block increases in striatal calmodulin resulting from repeated amphetamine treatment.	Dizocilpine Maleate	16-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8896805-0	1996	Haloperidol and MK-801 block increases in striatal calmodulin resulting from repeated amphetamine treatment.	Amphetamine	86-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8896805-3	1996	We have reported an increase in the content of the Ca2(+)-binding protein, calmodulin, in striatum and limbic forebrains from rats given repeated, intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	160-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8896805-4	1996	To determine whether the increase was related to development of amphetamine sensitization, we examined whether the increase in calmodulin would be blocked by the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, or the NMDA antagonist, MK-801.	Dopamine	162-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8896805-4	1996	To determine whether the increase was related to development of amphetamine sensitization, we examined whether the increase in calmodulin would be blocked by the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol, or the NMDA antagonist, MK-801.	Haloperidol	183-194	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8896805-8	1996	Twice weekly amphetamine treatment increased calmodulin in the cytosol fraction of striatum and limbic forebrain and the increase was blocked by pretreatment with either haloperidol or MK-801.	Amphetamine	13-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
8896805-11	1996	Calmodulin-binding proteins were examined by biotinylated calmodulin blotting to determine if repeated, intermittent amphetamine altered the content of calmodulin-binding proteins in striatal cytosol or membranes.	Amphetamine	117-128	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
8896805-8	1996	Twice weekly amphetamine treatment increased calmodulin in the cytosol fraction of striatum and limbic forebrain and the increase was blocked by pretreatment with either haloperidol or MK-801.	Haloperidol	170-181	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
8896805-8	1996	Twice weekly amphetamine treatment increased calmodulin in the cytosol fraction of striatum and limbic forebrain and the increase was blocked by pretreatment with either haloperidol or MK-801.	Dizocilpine Maleate	185-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
8896805-14	1996	These data suggest that dopaminergic and glutamatergic components are required for the increases in striatal and limbic forebrain calmodulin and that the rise in calmodulin is related to the development of amphetamine sensitization.	Amphetamine	206-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
8883861-1	1996	Calcium is an important intracellular messenger that interacts with Ca(2+)-binding proteins, such as calmodulin (CaM), to activate several intracellular enzymes.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
8887018-8	1996	Taking into consideration all these experimental findings, the decreased calcium sensitivity in gastrointestinal tract seems to be closely related to decreased calmodulin levels and may occur at a later stage of diabetes as a linkage to long-term gastrointestinal complications.	Calcium	73-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
8703204-8	1996	The addition of the calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine (100 microM) or calmidazolium (25 microM) to the bath solution and the inclusion of KN-62 (1 microM), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin kinase, or staurosporin (10 nM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C to the pipette solution had little, if any, effect on the Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents.	Trifluoperazine	42-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
8703204-8	1996	The addition of the calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine (100 microM) or calmidazolium (25 microM) to the bath solution and the inclusion of KN-62 (1 microM), a specific inhibitor of calmodulin kinase, or staurosporin (10 nM), an inhibitor of protein kinase C to the pipette solution had little, if any, effect on the Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents.	KN 62	142-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-194
8798403-0	1996	Nitric oxide modification of rat brain neurogranin affects its phosphorylation by protein kinase C and affinity for calmodulin.	Nitric Oxide	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
8798403-8	1996	Oxidation of Ng by the various oxidants apparently resulted in the formation of intramolecular disulfide bond(s) as judged by a reduction of apparent Mr on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; this oxidized form, unlike the reduced form, did not bind to CaM-affinity column.	Disulfides	95-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-260
8798403-8	1996	Oxidation of Ng by the various oxidants apparently resulted in the formation of intramolecular disulfide bond(s) as judged by a reduction of apparent Mr on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; this oxidized form, unlike the reduced form, did not bind to CaM-affinity column.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	156-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-260
8798403-8	1996	Oxidation of Ng by the various oxidants apparently resulted in the formation of intramolecular disulfide bond(s) as judged by a reduction of apparent Mr on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; this oxidized form, unlike the reduced form, did not bind to CaM-affinity column.	polyacrylamide	160-174	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-260
8883861-1	1996	Calcium is an important intracellular messenger that interacts with Ca(2+)-binding proteins, such as calmodulin (CaM), to activate several intracellular enzymes.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
8883861-3	1996	Specifically, spinal sensitization induced by persistent nociceptive stimulation seems to be related to an increase of cytosolic calcium and the subsequent activation of several enzymes, some of which are Ca2+/CaM dependent.	Calcium	129-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	210-213
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	Carbon	28-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-3	1996	Calmodulin binding to nNOS increases the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into its flavins, triggers electron transfer from flavins to the heme, activates NO synthesis, and increases reduction of artificial electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. To investigate what role the reductase domain plays in calmodulin"s activation of these functions, we overexpressed a form of the nNOS reductase domain (amino acids 724-1429) in the yeast Pichia pastoris that for the first time exhibits a complete calmodulin response.	NADP	72-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
8702805-3	1996	Calmodulin binding to nNOS increases the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into its flavins, triggers electron transfer from flavins to the heme, activates NO synthesis, and increases reduction of artificial electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. To investigate what role the reductase domain plays in calmodulin"s activation of these functions, we overexpressed a form of the nNOS reductase domain (amino acids 724-1429) in the yeast Pichia pastoris that for the first time exhibits a complete calmodulin response.	Flavins	87-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-3	1996	Calmodulin binding to nNOS increases the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into its flavins, triggers electron transfer from flavins to the heme, activates NO synthesis, and increases reduction of artificial electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. To investigate what role the reductase domain plays in calmodulin"s activation of these functions, we overexpressed a form of the nNOS reductase domain (amino acids 724-1429) in the yeast Pichia pastoris that for the first time exhibits a complete calmodulin response.	Flavins	128-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-3	1996	Calmodulin binding to nNOS increases the rate of electron transfer from NADPH into its flavins, triggers electron transfer from flavins to the heme, activates NO synthesis, and increases reduction of artificial electron acceptors such as cytochrome c. To investigate what role the reductase domain plays in calmodulin"s activation of these functions, we overexpressed a form of the nNOS reductase domain (amino acids 724-1429) in the yeast Pichia pastoris that for the first time exhibits a complete calmodulin response.	Heme	143-147	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	NADP	78-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	NADP	78-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	4,6-dinitro-o-cresol	94-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	4,6-dinitro-o-cresol	94-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
8760141-7	1996	Pretreatment of the I/R lungs with a CaM inhibitor (trifluoperazine, 100 microM) or with a MLCK inhibitor (ML-7,500 nM) blocked the microvascular damage at both 30 and 90 min of reperfusion.	Trifluoperazine	52-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	Carbon	28-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	245-255
8702805-8	1996	Calmodulin binding to the recombinant reductase protein increased its rate of NADPH-dependent flavin reduction and its rate of electron transfer to cytochrome c, FeCN6, or dichlorophenolindophenol to fully match the rate increases achieved when calmodulin bound to native full-length nNOS.	2,6-Dichloroindophenol	172-196	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-9	1996	Calmodulin"s activation of the reductase protein was associated with an increase in domain tryptophan and flavin fluorescence.	Tryptophan	91-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8702805-9	1996	Calmodulin"s activation of the reductase protein was associated with an increase in domain tryptophan and flavin fluorescence.	4,6-dinitro-o-cresol	106-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8760150-0	1996	Effect of ACh and calmodulin inhibitor on O2 transfer from exocrine pancreatic microvessels of rats.	Oxygen	42-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8760150-1	1996	Effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and calmodulin (CaM) inhibitor, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide hydrochloride (W-7), on the rate of O2 release (Ro2) from single exocrine pancreatic microvessels of anesthetized rats were investigated with dual-spot microspectroscopy.	W-7 HYDROCHLORIDE	63-127	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
8760150-6	1996	These results indicate that 1) the ACh-induced elevation of O2 release from single microvessels is accomplished by increased O2 extraction instead of increased O2 inflow in the microvessels, and 2) the activity of a W-7-sensitive Ca2+ binding protein, most likely CaM, is responsible for half of the microvascular O2 transfer and of the pancreatic exocrine secretion.	Acetylcholine	35-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	264-267
8760150-6	1996	These results indicate that 1) the ACh-induced elevation of O2 release from single microvessels is accomplished by increased O2 extraction instead of increased O2 inflow in the microvessels, and 2) the activity of a W-7-sensitive Ca2+ binding protein, most likely CaM, is responsible for half of the microvascular O2 transfer and of the pancreatic exocrine secretion.	Oxygen	60-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	264-267
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	89-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	202-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	202-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
8836224-12	1996	The injection of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) into postsynaptic neurons significantly decreased PPF in 50 of 57 experiments while inducing synaptic potentiation; the Ca2+/CaM-induced synaptic potentiation and PPF attenuation occluded subsequent high Ca(2+)-induced enhancements of synaptic transmission.	2,5-diphenylfuran	202-205	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
8836224-15	1996	The decreases in PPF induced by postsynaptic Ca2+/CaM injections were prevented by coinjecting pseudosubstrate inhibitors or substrate peptides of CaM-KII and protein kinase C (PKC), and were reversed by subsequent application of cyclothiazide (a blocker of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor desensitization).	cyclothiazide	230-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
8836224-15	1996	The decreases in PPF induced by postsynaptic Ca2+/CaM injections were prevented by coinjecting pseudosubstrate inhibitors or substrate peptides of CaM-KII and protein kinase C (PKC), and were reversed by subsequent application of cyclothiazide (a blocker of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic acid receptor desensitization).	cyclothiazide	230-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
8662912-5	1996	The calmodulin inhibitor, calmidazolium, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, completely blocked MAPK activation by Ang II as well as by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187.	Calcimycin	165-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8653710-7	1996	The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D, various protein kinase C inhibitors, and the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 strongly reduced PRG1 induction by PACAP, whereas the translational inhibitor cycloheximide potently increased PRG1 mRNA levels in unstimulated and PACAP-stimulated cells.	W 7	111-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
8743602-1	1996	We studied the effect some drugs that participate in the Ca2+/ calmodulin system have on the progesterone (P) facilitation of lordosis behavior in ovariectomized estradiol (E2) primed rats.	Progesterone	93-105	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
8662690-2	1996	The present study was undertaken to determine kinetic and inhibition parameters and the mechanism of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.60, CLNMT), an enzyme for which calmodulin is a substrate.	Methionine	114-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-135
8662690-2	1996	The present study was undertaken to determine kinetic and inhibition parameters and the mechanism of S-adenosyl-L-methionine:calmodulin-L-lysine N6-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.60, CLNMT), an enzyme for which calmodulin is a substrate.	Methionine	114-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-218
8662690-7	1996	Of the 13 compounds tested, which are inhibitors of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, only the calmodulin-binding domain from Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, melittin, and calmidazolium were effective inhibitors of CLNMT and each exhibited a complex pattern of inhibition with Kis values of 21, 50, and 65 nM, respectively.	calmidazolium	201-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
8662690-7	1996	Of the 13 compounds tested, which are inhibitors of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, only the calmodulin-binding domain from Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II, melittin, and calmidazolium were effective inhibitors of CLNMT and each exhibited a complex pattern of inhibition with Kis values of 21, 50, and 65 nM, respectively.	calmidazolium	201-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
8780020-0	1996	Evidence for a role of calmodulin in calcium-induced noradrenaline release from permeated synaptosomes: effects of calmodulin antibodies and antagonists.	Calcium	37-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
8645223-1	1996	The effects of KS-505a, a novel microbial metabolite, on the activity of calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CaM-PDE) were investigated.	longestin	15-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
8645223-2	1996	(1) KS-505a potently inhibited the purified 61 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine brain and required much higher doses to inhibit the purified 59 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine heart.	longestin	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8645223-2	1996	(1) KS-505a potently inhibited the purified 61 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine brain and required much higher doses to inhibit the purified 59 kDa isoenzyme of CaM-PDE from bovine heart.	longestin	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
8645223-5	1996	(2) Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitory mode of KS-505a for the 61 kDa isoenzyme was competitive with respect to Ca2+/CaM; the K1 for KS-505a was 0.089 microM.	longestin	59-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8645223-5	1996	(2) Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitory mode of KS-505a for the 61 kDa isoenzyme was competitive with respect to Ca2+/CaM; the K1 for KS-505a was 0.089 microM.	Potassium	59-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8645223-5	1996	(2) Kinetic analysis indicated that the inhibitory mode of KS-505a for the 61 kDa isoenzyme was competitive with respect to Ca2+/CaM; the K1 for KS-505a was 0.089 microM.	505a	62-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
8645223-9	1996	Taken together, these results suggest that KS-505a apparently bound to a site in the Ca2+/CaM-binding domain of the 61 kDa isoenzyme and selectively inhibited Ca2+/CaM-activated 61 kDa isoenzyme activity.	Potassium	43-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
8645223-9	1996	Taken together, these results suggest that KS-505a apparently bound to a site in the Ca2+/CaM-binding domain of the 61 kDa isoenzyme and selectively inhibited Ca2+/CaM-activated 61 kDa isoenzyme activity.	Potassium	43-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
8645223-10	1996	(5) In rat hippocampal slices, KS-505a at 10 micronM increased the intracellular cAMP concentration to approximately three times the basal level, whereas in rat striatal slices it had no effect on the cAMP concentration at concentrations of 1.0-10 microM, suggesting that each CaM-PDE isoenzyme functions differentially in these regions.	longestin	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	277-280
8645223-11	1996	These results demonstrate that KS-505a is a highly potent selective inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo and distinguishes between subfamily members within the CaM-PDE family.	longestin	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
8780020-8	1996	We conclude that calmodulin plays an important role in vesicular noradrenaline release, probably by activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzymes involved in the regulation of one or more steps in the release mechanism.	Norepinephrine	65-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
8780020-8	1996	We conclude that calmodulin plays an important role in vesicular noradrenaline release, probably by activating Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzymes involved in the regulation of one or more steps in the release mechanism.	Norepinephrine	65-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
8780020-0	1996	Evidence for a role of calmodulin in calcium-induced noradrenaline release from permeated synaptosomes: effects of calmodulin antibodies and antagonists.	Norepinephrine	53-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
8780020-3	1996	Anti-calmodulin antibodies, which inhibited Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II autophosphorylation and calcineurin phosphatase activity, decreased Ca(2+)-induced nor-adrenaline release from permeated synaptosomes.	Norepinephrine	171-185	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
8780020-3	1996	Anti-calmodulin antibodies, which inhibited Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II autophosphorylation and calcineurin phosphatase activity, decreased Ca(2+)-induced nor-adrenaline release from permeated synaptosomes.	Norepinephrine	171-185	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
8774764-6	1996	These indicate a possible action of Ba2+ on NOS through the calmodulin-dependent pathway.	N-methyl-valyl-amiclenomycin	36-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
8836954-4	1996	Results also show that calmodulin may be involved in this process since its presence in the incubation medium prevents the inhibitory effect of melatonin on NOS activity.	Melatonin	144-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
8928729-8	1996	Pretreatment of the cells with calmodulin antagonists W-13 or calmidazolium, prevented the PMA-induced inhibition of taurine uptake.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	54-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8928729-8	1996	Pretreatment of the cells with calmodulin antagonists W-13 or calmidazolium, prevented the PMA-induced inhibition of taurine uptake.	calmidazolium	62-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8928729-8	1996	Pretreatment of the cells with calmodulin antagonists W-13 or calmidazolium, prevented the PMA-induced inhibition of taurine uptake.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	91-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
8928729-8	1996	Pretreatment of the cells with calmodulin antagonists W-13 or calmidazolium, prevented the PMA-induced inhibition of taurine uptake.	Taurine	117-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
9062818-4	1996	CsA may alter the Ca2+/Cam-dependent NOS activity by interacting with rat kidney Ca2+/calmodulin dependent events.	Cyclosporine	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
8852367-1	1996	The spatial distribution of CaM I mRNA was investigated in the developing superior colliculus of rats that were chronically treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5.	2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid	166-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
8919643-11	1996	Moreover, compounds with calmodulin antagonistic activity inhibited the [3H]VA-045 binding.	Tritium	73-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8919643-11	1996	Moreover, compounds with calmodulin antagonistic activity inhibited the [3H]VA-045 binding.	2-(nitrooxy)ethyl apovincaminate	76-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8919643-13	1996	These results suggest that VA-045 binds to specific sites, which may resemble calmodulin, on synaptic membranes in the brain.	2-(nitrooxy)ethyl apovincaminate	27-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
8621423-0	1996	Requirements for calcium and calmodulin in the calmodulin kinase activation cascade.	Calcium	17-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
8621423-5	1996	An expressed fragment of CaM-K IV (CaM-K IV178-246), which contains the activating phosphorylation site (Thr196) but not the autoinhibitory domain or the CaM-binding domain, still required Ca2+/CaM for phosphorylation by wild-type CaM-KK.	cafestol palmitate	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
8621423-9	1996	Studies using co-expression of CaM-K IV with CaM-KK in COS-7 cells demonstrated that CaM-KK rapidly activated both total and Ca2+/CaM-independent activities of wild-type CaM-K IV, but not the Thr196 --&gt; Ala mutant, upon ionomycin stimulation.	carbonyl sulfide	55-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8621423-9	1996	Studies using co-expression of CaM-K IV with CaM-KK in COS-7 cells demonstrated that CaM-KK rapidly activated both total and Ca2+/CaM-independent activities of wild-type CaM-K IV, but not the Thr196 --&gt; Ala mutant, upon ionomycin stimulation.	Alanine	206-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8621423-9	1996	Studies using co-expression of CaM-K IV with CaM-KK in COS-7 cells demonstrated that CaM-KK rapidly activated both total and Ca2+/CaM-independent activities of wild-type CaM-K IV, but not the Thr196 --&gt; Ala mutant, upon ionomycin stimulation.	Ionomycin	223-232	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8852367-3	1996	Chronic AP-5 treatment resulted in a specific reduction of CaM I message in the caudal colliculus at postnatal day 10.	2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid	8-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
8592142-5	1996	However, the calmodulin antagonists W-5, W-13, and calmidazolium inhibited L-[3H]-NOARG binding with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and calmodulin (10 micrograms/ml) competitively reversed this inhibition.	N-(6-aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulfonamide	36-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8632423-0	1996	Homologs of idoxifene: variation of estrogen receptor binding and calmodulin antagonism with chain length.	idoxifene	12-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
8592142-5	1996	However, the calmodulin antagonists W-5, W-13, and calmidazolium inhibited L-[3H]-NOARG binding with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and calmodulin (10 micrograms/ml) competitively reversed this inhibition.	Nitroarginine	82-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8592142-5	1996	However, the calmodulin antagonists W-5, W-13, and calmidazolium inhibited L-[3H]-NOARG binding with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and calmodulin (10 micrograms/ml) competitively reversed this inhibition.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	41-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8592142-5	1996	However, the calmodulin antagonists W-5, W-13, and calmidazolium inhibited L-[3H]-NOARG binding with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and calmodulin (10 micrograms/ml) competitively reversed this inhibition.	calmidazolium	51-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8592142-5	1996	However, the calmodulin antagonists W-5, W-13, and calmidazolium inhibited L-[3H]-NOARG binding with IC50 values in the micromolar range, and calmodulin (10 micrograms/ml) competitively reversed this inhibition.	l-[3h]	75-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	Sepharose	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	omega-N-Methylarginine	56-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	omega-N-Methylarginine	56-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	n-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide	78-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	n-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide	78-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	W 7	128-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
8822043-9	1996	This activity was inhibited by N-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), nitroarginine, N-6-aminohexyl-5-chloro-1-napthalene sulfonamide (W-7), a calmodulin antagonist, suggesting that the nitric oxide synthase activity is calmodulin dependent.	W 7	128-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	213-223
8822043-10	1996	Further, our in vitro studies demonstrated that daunorubicin interacted with calmodulin as measured by N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (NPN) fluorescence.	Daunorubicin	48-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8822043-10	1996	Further, our in vitro studies demonstrated that daunorubicin interacted with calmodulin as measured by N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (NPN) fluorescence.	n-phenyl-1-napthylamine	103-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8822043-10	1996	Further, our in vitro studies demonstrated that daunorubicin interacted with calmodulin as measured by N-phenyl-1-napthylamine (NPN) fluorescence.	N-Propyl Isocyanide	128-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8822043-13	1996	Our results further indicate that daunorubicin interacts with calmodulin and enhances nitric oxide synthase activity which is dependent on calmodulin.	Daunorubicin	34-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8822043-13	1996	Our results further indicate that daunorubicin interacts with calmodulin and enhances nitric oxide synthase activity which is dependent on calmodulin.	Daunorubicin	34-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	181-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	181-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	181-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8611646-8	1996	The biological activity of calcium regulatory proteins calmodulin and protein kinase C was considerably affected by aluminium.	Aluminum	116-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	Sepharose	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8576121-5	1996	Furthermore, pIgR is the most prominent 35S-labeled CaM-binding protein in the detergent phase of Triton X-114-solubilized, metabolically labeled pIgR-expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.	Sulfur-35	40-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8576121-5	1996	Furthermore, pIgR is the most prominent 35S-labeled CaM-binding protein in the detergent phase of Triton X-114-solubilized, metabolically labeled pIgR-expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.	Nonidet P-40	98-110	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	Sepharose	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8576121-7	1996	The CaM binding site is located in the membrane-proximal 17-amino acid segment of the pIgR cytoplasmic tail.	17-amino acid	57-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	Sepharose	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	175-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
8576129-3	1996	Previous investigations have demonstrated that both cytoplasmic domains can bind calmodulin in a calcium-dependent reaction.	Calcium	97-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
8576121-4	1996	We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	181-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
8568460-0	1996	Inhibition of agonist-mediated calcium entry by calmodulin antagonists and by the Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II inhibitor KN-62.	Calcium	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8576129-4	1996	In this investigation, peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic domains of C-CAM were synthesized on cellulose membranes and used to map the binding sites for 125I-labeled calmodulin.	Cellulose	102-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
8576129-12	1996	This suggests that calmodulin can regulate the functional activity of C-CAM.	Carbon	70-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
8576129-12	1996	This suggests that calmodulin can regulate the functional activity of C-CAM.	cafestol palmitate	72-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
8822266-2	1996	Recently, decreased smooth muscle calmodulin levels have been reported in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	74-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8822266-4	1996	Therefore, the present study was designed to examine the effect of insulin on smooth muscle calmodulin levels from streptozotocin-diabetic rats.	Streptozocin	115-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
8568460-0	1996	Inhibition of agonist-mediated calcium entry by calmodulin antagonists and by the Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II inhibitor KN-62.	KN 62	118-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
8568460-3	1996	However, calmodulin antagonists may directly modify calcium fluxes in cells.	Calcium	52-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
8568460-4	1996	In the present investigation the effects of several calmodulin inhibitors and of KN-62, a specific calcium/calmodulin kinase II inhibitor, on the ATP- and thapsigargin-evoked changes in intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) were investigated in Fura-2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells.	KN 62	81-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
8568460-8	1996	Our results show that calmodulin antagonists are potent inhibitors of calcium entry in thyroid cells, possibly by directly inhibiting the calcium entry pathway.	Calcium	70-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8568460-8	1996	Our results show that calmodulin antagonists are potent inhibitors of calcium entry in thyroid cells, possibly by directly inhibiting the calcium entry pathway.	Calcium	138-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
8590977-10	1995	As for calmodulin antagonists, W-7 (100 microM), but not calmidazolium (1 microM), reduced the K+ current.	W 7	31-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
8786702-4	1996	The enzymes required nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), Ca+2 and calmodulin as cofactors.	NADP	21-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
8530441-0	1995	Requirement of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in cyclic ADP-ribose-mediated intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.	Cyclic ADP-Ribose	57-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
8530441-3	1995	Inhibitors for CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) completely abolished the glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as the cADPR-mediated and CaM-activated Ca2+ mobilization.	Glucose	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
8530441-3	1995	Inhibitors for CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) completely abolished the glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as the cADPR-mediated and CaM-activated Ca2+ mobilization.	Glucose	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8530441-3	1995	Inhibitors for CaM-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) completely abolished the glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as the cADPR-mediated and CaM-activated Ca2+ mobilization.	Glucose	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8720130-4	1995	We also demonstrated that calmodulin inhibitors, chlorpromazine and W-7, could suppress the DNA fragmentation.	Chlorpromazine	49-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
8720130-4	1995	We also demonstrated that calmodulin inhibitors, chlorpromazine and W-7, could suppress the DNA fragmentation.	W 7	68-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
7492313-0	1995	The activity of calmodulin is altered by phosphorylation: modulation of calmodulin function by the site of phosphate incorporation.	Phosphates	107-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
7492313-0	1995	The activity of calmodulin is altered by phosphorylation: modulation of calmodulin function by the site of phosphate incorporation.	Phosphates	107-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
7492313-4	1995	Phosphorylation of calmodulin on serine/threonine residues by casein kinase II decreased its ability to activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II).	Serine	33-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7492313-4	1995	Phosphorylation of calmodulin on serine/threonine residues by casein kinase II decreased its ability to activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II).	Serine	33-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
7492313-4	1995	Phosphorylation of calmodulin on serine/threonine residues by casein kinase II decreased its ability to activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II).	Threonine	40-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7492313-4	1995	Phosphorylation of calmodulin on serine/threonine residues by casein kinase II decreased its ability to activate Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM-kinase II).	Threonine	40-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
7492313-6	1995	In contrast, calmodulin phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by the insulin receptor kinase produced an increase in the Vmax, with no alteration in the affinity for CaM-kinase II or the K0.5 for Ca2+.	Tyrosine	42-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Serine	202-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
8807630-0	1996	Calmodulin content in pancreatic islets and the response of islet membrane Ca2+ ATPase to calmodulin in phosphate depletion.	Phosphates	104-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
8807630-3	1996	One of the regulators of the Ca2+ ATPase enzyme is calmodulin, and the reduced availability of calmodulin or impaired interaction between it and Ca2+ ATPase could be responsible for the impaired activity of this enzyme in phosphate depletion.	Phosphates	222-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
8807630-3	1996	One of the regulators of the Ca2+ ATPase enzyme is calmodulin, and the reduced availability of calmodulin or impaired interaction between it and Ca2+ ATPase could be responsible for the impaired activity of this enzyme in phosphate depletion.	Phosphates	222-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Serine	202-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Threonine	209-218	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Threonine	209-218	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Tyrosine	302-310	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-136
7492313-7	1995	Direct determination by surface plasmon resonance of the dissociation constants with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of CaM-kinase II revealed that phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues of calmodulin significantly decreased its affinity for the peptide, while tyrosine phosphorylation had no effect on binding.	Tyrosine	302-310	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	231-241
8778742-16	1995	In summary, we propose that plasma-membrane calcium influx induced by high concentrations of glucagon activates calmodulin, which promotes a modification (actually a methylation, according to other authors) on GST, thereby causing a decrease in its activity.	Calcium	44-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
8778742-16	1995	In summary, we propose that plasma-membrane calcium influx induced by high concentrations of glucagon activates calmodulin, which promotes a modification (actually a methylation, according to other authors) on GST, thereby causing a decrease in its activity.	Glucagon	93-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
7676445-2	1995	Conflicting reports suggest that Pb2+ may stimulate or inhibit protein kinase C, adenylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase, and calmodulin, or increase intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations.	Lead	33-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-132
7559616-0	1995	Ca2+ x calmodulin prevents myristoylated alanine-rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 rat glioma cells.	Cesium	115-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
7559616-9	1995	In the present experiments calmodulin prevented MARCKS phosphorylation by TPA-stimulated PKCs in glioma cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	74-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
7559616-9	1995	In the present experiments calmodulin prevented MARCKS phosphorylation by TPA-stimulated PKCs in glioma cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	74-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
7559616-9	1995	In the present experiments calmodulin prevented MARCKS phosphorylation by TPA-stimulated PKCs in glioma cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	74-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
7559616-10	1995	But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact glioma cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, prevented ionomycin from blocking MARCKS phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and TPA-stimulated cells.	calmidazolium	116-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7559616-10	1995	But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact glioma cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, prevented ionomycin from blocking MARCKS phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and TPA-stimulated cells.	Ionomycin	141-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7559616-10	1995	But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact glioma cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium, prevented ionomycin from blocking MARCKS phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and TPA-stimulated cells.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	216-219	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
7545663-2	1995	The intercellular messenger nitric oxide is produced through the action of nitric oxide synthases, a class of enzymes that is regulated by calcium-calmodulin (CaM).	Nitric Oxide	28-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-157
7545663-2	1995	The intercellular messenger nitric oxide is produced through the action of nitric oxide synthases, a class of enzymes that is regulated by calcium-calmodulin (CaM).	Nitric Oxide	28-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
7545663-4	1995	Cadmium-113 NMR studies showed that binding of the cNOS peptide increased the affinity of CaM for metal ions and induced interdomain cooperativity in metal ion binding as earlier observed for complexes of CaM with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) peptides.	Cadmium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
7545663-4	1995	Cadmium-113 NMR studies showed that binding of the cNOS peptide increased the affinity of CaM for metal ions and induced interdomain cooperativity in metal ion binding as earlier observed for complexes of CaM with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) peptides.	Cadmium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
7545663-4	1995	Cadmium-113 NMR studies showed that binding of the cNOS peptide increased the affinity of CaM for metal ions and induced interdomain cooperativity in metal ion binding as earlier observed for complexes of CaM with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) peptides.	Metals	98-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
7545663-4	1995	Cadmium-113 NMR studies showed that binding of the cNOS peptide increased the affinity of CaM for metal ions and induced interdomain cooperativity in metal ion binding as earlier observed for complexes of CaM with myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) peptides.	Metals	150-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
7545663-5	1995	By using specific isotopically labeled [13C]methyl-Met and selenomethionine-substituted CaM in two-dimensional proton-detected 13C and 77Se NMR studies, we obtained evidence for the involvement of the Met residues of CaM in the binding of the cNOS peptide.	Selenomethionine	59-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
7545663-5	1995	By using specific isotopically labeled [13C]methyl-Met and selenomethionine-substituted CaM in two-dimensional proton-detected 13C and 77Se NMR studies, we obtained evidence for the involvement of the Met residues of CaM in the binding of the cNOS peptide.	Selenomethionine	59-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
7545663-5	1995	By using specific isotopically labeled [13C]methyl-Met and selenomethionine-substituted CaM in two-dimensional proton-detected 13C and 77Se NMR studies, we obtained evidence for the involvement of the Met residues of CaM in the binding of the cNOS peptide.	13c	127-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
7545663-7	1995	A nitroxide spin-labeled version of the cNOS peptide caused broadening only for NMR resonances in the N-terminal half of CaM, showing that the peptide binds with a C to N orientation to the N- and C-terminal domains of CaM.	Hydroxylamine	2-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
7545663-7	1995	A nitroxide spin-labeled version of the cNOS peptide caused broadening only for NMR resonances in the N-terminal half of CaM, showing that the peptide binds with a C to N orientation to the N- and C-terminal domains of CaM.	Hydroxylamine	2-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
7545663-8	1995	pH titration experiments of CaM dimethylated with [13C]formaldehyde show that Lys-75 (and Lys-148) experience a large increase in pKa upon peptide binding; this indicates an unraveling of part of the helical linker region of CaM upon cNOS peptide binding.	13c	51-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
7545663-8	1995	pH titration experiments of CaM dimethylated with [13C]formaldehyde show that Lys-75 (and Lys-148) experience a large increase in pKa upon peptide binding; this indicates an unraveling of part of the helical linker region of CaM upon cNOS peptide binding.	Formaldehyde	55-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
7545663-8	1995	pH titration experiments of CaM dimethylated with [13C]formaldehyde show that Lys-75 (and Lys-148) experience a large increase in pKa upon peptide binding; this indicates an unraveling of part of the helical linker region of CaM upon cNOS peptide binding.	Lysine	78-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
7545663-8	1995	pH titration experiments of CaM dimethylated with [13C]formaldehyde show that Lys-75 (and Lys-148) experience a large increase in pKa upon peptide binding; this indicates an unraveling of part of the helical linker region of CaM upon cNOS peptide binding.	Lysine	78-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-228
7545663-8	1995	pH titration experiments of CaM dimethylated with [13C]formaldehyde show that Lys-75 (and Lys-148) experience a large increase in pKa upon peptide binding; this indicates an unraveling of part of the helical linker region of CaM upon cNOS peptide binding.	Lysine	90-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
7676445-6	1995	These results indicate that Pb2+ may inhibit neurite initiation by inappropriately stimulating protein phosphorylation by CaM kinase or cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), possibly by stimulating calmodulin.	Lead	28-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-213
7676445-9	1995	Therefore, the hypothesized stimulatory effects of Pb2+ exposure on calmodulin, CaM kinase, or PKA are probably not caused by increases in whole-cell intracellular free Ca2+, but may be attributable either to intracellular Pb2+ or to localized increases in [Ca2+]in that are not reflected in whole-cell measurements.	Lead	51-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7488053-2	1995	The activator was retained on a CaM-Sepharose column in the presence of Ca2+ and kinase assay of renatured gel revealed the 64 kDa molecule in the purified activator fraction to be autophosphorylated and to phosphorylate recombinant CaM kinase I in the presence of Ca2+/calmodulin.	Sepharose	36-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
7488053-5	1995	Furthermore, kinetic analyses demonstrated that the activation decreases the Km values of CaM kinase I for both ATP and syntide-2 without a change in Vmax values.	Adenosine Triphosphate	112-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
7676445-3	1995	Therefore, Pb2+ may alter the activities of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) or protein kinases C or A.	Lead	11-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
7612004-3	1995	The calmodulin-stimulated activity declined in cortex after treatment with estradiol and pregnenolone sulfate, but significantly increased in cerebellar membranes.	Estradiol	75-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8720698-4	1995	These results, the similarity revealed in the blockage of neuronal calcium current by neuroleptics and verapamil, and the potent inhibitory action of haloperidol and chlorpromazine on contractility and aggregation suggest that both phenothiazine and butyrophenone neuroleptics possess some properties of calcium antagonists and may also have intracellular sites of action other than calmodulin.	Haloperidol	150-161	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	383-393
8720698-4	1995	These results, the similarity revealed in the blockage of neuronal calcium current by neuroleptics and verapamil, and the potent inhibitory action of haloperidol and chlorpromazine on contractility and aggregation suggest that both phenothiazine and butyrophenone neuroleptics possess some properties of calcium antagonists and may also have intracellular sites of action other than calmodulin.	Chlorpromazine	166-180	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	383-393
7612004-3	1995	The calmodulin-stimulated activity declined in cortex after treatment with estradiol and pregnenolone sulfate, but significantly increased in cerebellar membranes.	pregnenolone sulfate	89-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7602380-0	1995	Stimulation of plasma membrane Ca2+ pump by calbindin-D28k and calmodulin is additive in EGTA-free solutions.	Egtazic Acid	89-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
7602380-7	1995	In contrast, calmodulin significantly increased active Ca2+ uptake in erythrocyte vesicles in the absence as well as in the presence of EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	136-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
7602380-8	1995	In addition, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in the presence of 0.2 microM calmodulin was further increased by parvalbumin in the absence but not in the presence of EGTA.	Adenosine Triphosphate	13-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-79
7604443-1	1995	This is an initial study of the immunosuppressive efficacy of CAM, a derivative of mycophenolic acid, in a rat heart allograft model when the major histocompatibility complex was fully incompatible, and its effect in improving heart allograft survival compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, RS-61443).	Mycophenolic Acid	83-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
7582858-6	1995	These data indicate that CsA may inhibit Ca2+ ATPase and NOS activities in the rat myocardium through interference with its Ca2+/Cam-mediated events and thus may cause myocardial toxicity.	Cyclosporine	25-28	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
7582858-3	1995	The present studies were undertaken to study the effects of CsA on rat myocardial Ca2+, calmodulin (Cam)-dependent enzymes such as Ca2+ ATPase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the role of FDP in attenuating these changes in vitro.	Cyclosporine	60-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
7582858-3	1995	The present studies were undertaken to study the effects of CsA on rat myocardial Ca2+, calmodulin (Cam)-dependent enzymes such as Ca2+ ATPase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the role of FDP in attenuating these changes in vitro.	Cyclosporine	60-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
7604443-1	1995	This is an initial study of the immunosuppressive efficacy of CAM, a derivative of mycophenolic acid, in a rat heart allograft model when the major histocompatibility complex was fully incompatible, and its effect in improving heart allograft survival compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, RS-61443).	Mycophenolic Acid	266-287	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
7604443-1	1995	This is an initial study of the immunosuppressive efficacy of CAM, a derivative of mycophenolic acid, in a rat heart allograft model when the major histocompatibility complex was fully incompatible, and its effect in improving heart allograft survival compared with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF, RS-61443).	Mycophenolic Acid	289-292	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
7543649-0	1995	Effect of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers on calmodulin mRNA expression in the central nervous system.	Hexachlorocyclohexane	10-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
7794894-5	1995	Calcium-dependent interaction between MyoD with calmodulin and the abundant muscle S100a(alpha alpha) proteins was demonstrated by affinity chromatography and cross-linking experiments.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	203-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	203-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	248-269	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	248-269	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	271-274	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
7543649-3	1995	We have investigated the possibility of differential expression of two calmodulin genes, CaM I and CaM II, which are expressed strongly in neuronal cells in the adult rat brain, after treatment with the gamma (lindane) and the delta isomers of the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH).	Hexachlorocyclohexane	271-274	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
7543649-6	1995	The levels of mRNA of calmodulin CaM II gene were also found to decrease after lindane administration; delta-HCH produced an increase of this transcript.	Hexachlorocyclohexane	79-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7565648-6	1995	The increase of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in regenerating liver was clearly inhibited by the presence of trifluoperazine (10 microM), staurosporine (2.5 microM) and dibucaine (10 microM), which are inhibitors of calmodulin and protein kinase, in the enzyme reaction mixture.	Trifluoperazine	102-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
7761447-5	1995	Cyclic AMP-, protein kinase C-, and calmodulin-dependent second messenger pathways all modulated norepinephrine secretion caused by acetylcholine and high potassium and showed a distinct hierarchy in their effectiveness.	Norepinephrine	97-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7761447-5	1995	Cyclic AMP-, protein kinase C-, and calmodulin-dependent second messenger pathways all modulated norepinephrine secretion caused by acetylcholine and high potassium and showed a distinct hierarchy in their effectiveness.	Acetylcholine	132-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7761447-5	1995	Cyclic AMP-, protein kinase C-, and calmodulin-dependent second messenger pathways all modulated norepinephrine secretion caused by acetylcholine and high potassium and showed a distinct hierarchy in their effectiveness.	Potassium	155-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7763264-0	1995	Insulin-stimulated calmodulin gene expression in rat H-411E cells can be selectively blocked by antisense oligonucleotides.	Oligonucleotides	106-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7763264-7	1995	To investigate the relationship between CaM and low Km cAMP PDE gene expression in response to insulin, we specifically blocked expression of the three CaM genes by antisense oligonucleotides under insulin-deficient and -sufficient conditions in a rat hepatoma cell line, H-411E.	Oligonucleotides	175-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
7763264-9	1995	When antisense oligonucleotide to CaM I, II or III was added to the cultures, only CaM I antisense oligonucleotide blocked insulin stimulation of both CaM I mRNA and protein with concommittant marked inhibition of insulin"s expected stimulation of low Km cAMP PDE.	Oligonucleotides	15-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
7763264-9	1995	When antisense oligonucleotide to CaM I, II or III was added to the cultures, only CaM I antisense oligonucleotide blocked insulin stimulation of both CaM I mRNA and protein with concommittant marked inhibition of insulin"s expected stimulation of low Km cAMP PDE.	Oligonucleotides	15-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
7763264-9	1995	When antisense oligonucleotide to CaM I, II or III was added to the cultures, only CaM I antisense oligonucleotide blocked insulin stimulation of both CaM I mRNA and protein with concommittant marked inhibition of insulin"s expected stimulation of low Km cAMP PDE.	Oligonucleotides	99-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
7763264-9	1995	When antisense oligonucleotide to CaM I, II or III was added to the cultures, only CaM I antisense oligonucleotide blocked insulin stimulation of both CaM I mRNA and protein with concommittant marked inhibition of insulin"s expected stimulation of low Km cAMP PDE.	Oligonucleotides	99-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
7763264-9	1995	When antisense oligonucleotide to CaM I, II or III was added to the cultures, only CaM I antisense oligonucleotide blocked insulin stimulation of both CaM I mRNA and protein with concommittant marked inhibition of insulin"s expected stimulation of low Km cAMP PDE.	Oligonucleotides	99-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
7763264-10	1995	Furthermore, in another experiment utilizing both antisense and oligonucleotide probes specific for CaM I, II, or III together, only CaM I mRNA expression was blocked.	Oligonucleotides	64-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
7763264-10	1995	Furthermore, in another experiment utilizing both antisense and oligonucleotide probes specific for CaM I, II, or III together, only CaM I mRNA expression was blocked.	Oligonucleotides	64-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
7763264-12	1995	Furthermore, the stimulatory effect of insulin on both CaM synthesis and activation of low Km cAMP PDE could be blocked by antisense to CaM I, but not II or III genes.	Cyclic AMP	94-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
7601126-3	1995	Here, the two major high-affinity calcium-binding proteins in rat enamel epithelium were identified as calbindin28kDa and calmodulin, using a microscale approach.	Calcium	34-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-132
7601126-5	1995	Calbindin28kDa and calmodulin accounted for 26% of the total calcium-binding capacity in enamel cell cytosol, under near physiological conditions.	Calcium	61-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7601126-12	1995	The unusual abundance of calmodulin, calbindin28kDa and calcineurin demonstrated here provides the first molecular evidence that enamal cells possess a strong capability for intracellular calcium homeostasis.	Calcium	188-195	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
7565648-6	1995	The increase of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in regenerating liver was clearly inhibited by the presence of trifluoperazine (10 microM), staurosporine (2.5 microM) and dibucaine (10 microM), which are inhibitors of calmodulin and protein kinase, in the enzyme reaction mixture.	Staurosporine	131-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
7565648-6	1995	The increase of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in regenerating liver was clearly inhibited by the presence of trifluoperazine (10 microM), staurosporine (2.5 microM) and dibucaine (10 microM), which are inhibitors of calmodulin and protein kinase, in the enzyme reaction mixture.	Dibucaine	162-171	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-219
7565648-8	1995	Meanwhile, the increase of nuclear DNA content in regenerating liver was completely blocked by the administration of trifluoperazine (2.5 mg/100 g body weight), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin.	Trifluoperazine	117-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
7542607-4	1995	The inhibition by pentamidine was prevented by the addition of purified calmodulin.	Pentamidine	18-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
7492944-1	1995	The subcellular localization of calmodulin, a multi-functional calcium-binding regulatory protein, was examined immunocytochemically in undifferentiated PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells and cells differentiated with nerve growth factor (NGF) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	255-265	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
7542607-0	1995	Inhibition of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in the brain by pentamidine, a calmodulin antagonist.	Pentamidine	65-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
7542607-5	1995	In addition, pentamidine inhibited calmodulin-dependent activation of neuronal NO synthase purified from rat cerebellum.	Pentamidine	13-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
7542607-1	1995	Nitric oxide (NO) which is produced by activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent NO synthase is known to induce neuronal damage.	Nitric Oxide	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7542607-6	1995	From these results, it is suggested that pentamidine inhibits the neuronal NO synthase activation by probably acting as a calmodulin antagonist.	Pentamidine	41-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-132
7823935-8	1995	The finding that the A2 and C proteins can bind to a calmodulin-Sepharose column in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner suggests that this association could prevent the phosphorylation of the proteins by casein kinase 2.	Sepharose	64-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7541915-0	1995	Differential inhibitory effects of serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors and a calmodulin antagonist on phosphoinositol/calcium- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion.	phosphoinositol	106-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
7541915-0	1995	Differential inhibitory effects of serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors and a calmodulin antagonist on phosphoinositol/calcium- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion.	Calcium	122-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
7541915-0	1995	Differential inhibitory effects of serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors and a calmodulin antagonist on phosphoinositol/calcium- and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated pancreatic amylase secretion.	Cyclic AMP	135-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
7541915-12	1995	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 interferes at multiple steps of intracellular signal-transduction pathways.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7621535-0	1995	Nuclear calmodulin responds rapidly to calcium influx at the plasmalemma.	Calcium	39-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
7621535-1	1995	We have studied the rate and extent of calcium binding to calmodulin in neuronal cytosol and nucleus during brief calcium influx across the plasmalemma.	Calcium	39-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7621535-1	1995	We have studied the rate and extent of calcium binding to calmodulin in neuronal cytosol and nucleus during brief calcium influx across the plasmalemma.	Calcium	114-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
7621535-2	1995	Rat sensory neurones were whole-cell patch clamped using a pipette containing a fluorescent analogue of calmodulin that reports when it has bound calcium.	Calcium	146-153	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
7621535-4	1995	Plasmalemmal calcium influx during a one second depolarization that activated L type calcium channels caused large fractions of calmodulin in both the cytosol and nucleus to bind calcium.	Calcium	13-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
7621535-4	1995	Plasmalemmal calcium influx during a one second depolarization that activated L type calcium channels caused large fractions of calmodulin in both the cytosol and nucleus to bind calcium.	Calcium	85-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
7861143-7	1995	We conclude that the N-terminal residues 39-43 of the rat B-50 protein play an important role in the process of Ca(2+)-induced noradrenaline release, presumably by serving as a local calmodulin store that is regulated in a Ca(2+)- and phosphorylation-dependent fashion.	Norepinephrine	127-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-193
7541806-2	1995	Ca2+ acceptors, such as calmodulin, may mediate between the change in intracellular calcium and the conductance mechanism underlying the initial electrical event.	Calcium	84-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
7655425-8	1995	Moreover, calmodulin was indicated as being possibly concerned with the down regulation of renal glucose-6-phosphatase activity by using W-7 (5 mumol/kg, i.p.	W 7	137-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
7695632-3	1995	Elution on CaM-Sepharose of truncated ER molecules located the CaM binding domain of ER at the left edge of HBD.	Sepharose	15-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
7695632-3	1995	Elution on CaM-Sepharose of truncated ER molecules located the CaM binding domain of ER at the left edge of HBD.	Sepharose	15-24	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
7695632-4	1995	Association of CaM with activated [3H]E2-ER complexes increased the ability of the latter to interact with an estrogen response element (ERE) as demonstrated by DNA-cellulose competition assay; CaM also reinforces the potency of ERE to dissociate the [3H]E2-ER complex.	Tritium	35-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
7695632-4	1995	Association of CaM with activated [3H]E2-ER complexes increased the ability of the latter to interact with an estrogen response element (ERE) as demonstrated by DNA-cellulose competition assay; CaM also reinforces the potency of ERE to dissociate the [3H]E2-ER complex.	Tritium	35-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
7695632-4	1995	Association of CaM with activated [3H]E2-ER complexes increased the ability of the latter to interact with an estrogen response element (ERE) as demonstrated by DNA-cellulose competition assay; CaM also reinforces the potency of ERE to dissociate the [3H]E2-ER complex.	Cellulose	165-174	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
7695632-4	1995	Association of CaM with activated [3H]E2-ER complexes increased the ability of the latter to interact with an estrogen response element (ERE) as demonstrated by DNA-cellulose competition assay; CaM also reinforces the potency of ERE to dissociate the [3H]E2-ER complex.	Tritium	252-254	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
7695632-4	1995	Association of CaM with activated [3H]E2-ER complexes increased the ability of the latter to interact with an estrogen response element (ERE) as demonstrated by DNA-cellulose competition assay; CaM also reinforces the potency of ERE to dissociate the [3H]E2-ER complex.	Tritium	252-254	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-197
7702635-0	1995	Acute and chronic actions of ethanol on endogenous calmodulin content in synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain.	Ethanol	29-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
7702635-1	1995	The present study was designed to demonstrate that endogenous calmodulin (CaM) content in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) is altered by acute and chronic administration of ethanol and is a sequel to the kinetic characterization of ethanol inhibition of [125I]CaM binding to SPM reported in our previous study.	Ethanol	172-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
7702635-1	1995	The present study was designed to demonstrate that endogenous calmodulin (CaM) content in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) is altered by acute and chronic administration of ethanol and is a sequel to the kinetic characterization of ethanol inhibition of [125I]CaM binding to SPM reported in our previous study.	Ethanol	172-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
7702635-1	1995	The present study was designed to demonstrate that endogenous calmodulin (CaM) content in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) is altered by acute and chronic administration of ethanol and is a sequel to the kinetic characterization of ethanol inhibition of [125I]CaM binding to SPM reported in our previous study.	Ethanol	231-238	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
7702635-1	1995	The present study was designed to demonstrate that endogenous calmodulin (CaM) content in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) is altered by acute and chronic administration of ethanol and is a sequel to the kinetic characterization of ethanol inhibition of [125I]CaM binding to SPM reported in our previous study.	Ethanol	231-238	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
7702635-3	1995	rapidly reduced CaM content in SPM from cerebral cortex, whereas chronic ethanol treatment [6% (w/v) in a liquid diet for 3 weeks] led to an up-regulation of the CaM content.	Ethanol	73-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
7702635-4	1995	In both cases, the alteration of CaM content in SPM occurred in the EGTA-dissociable pool of CaM (77% of total membrane CaM); the EGTA-nondissociable pool (23% of total CaM) was not affected.	Egtazic Acid	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
7702635-4	1995	In both cases, the alteration of CaM content in SPM occurred in the EGTA-dissociable pool of CaM (77% of total membrane CaM); the EGTA-nondissociable pool (23% of total CaM) was not affected.	Egtazic Acid	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7702635-4	1995	In both cases, the alteration of CaM content in SPM occurred in the EGTA-dissociable pool of CaM (77% of total membrane CaM); the EGTA-nondissociable pool (23% of total CaM) was not affected.	Egtazic Acid	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7702635-4	1995	In both cases, the alteration of CaM content in SPM occurred in the EGTA-dissociable pool of CaM (77% of total membrane CaM); the EGTA-nondissociable pool (23% of total CaM) was not affected.	Egtazic Acid	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
7702635-4	1995	In both cases, the alteration of CaM content in SPM occurred in the EGTA-dissociable pool of CaM (77% of total membrane CaM); the EGTA-nondissociable pool (23% of total CaM) was not affected.	Egtazic Acid	130-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
7702635-5	1995	In animals receiving chronic ethanol treatment, CaM content in SPM was not altered significantly by the acute ethanol dose that produced rapid reduction of CaM content in control animals, indicating that resistance to ethanol develops.	Ethanol	29-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
7702635-7	1995	In control SPM, ethanol at 50 mM markedly accelerated the temperature-dependent dissociation of endogenous CaM, whereas in SPM from animals chronically treated with ethanol, significant acceleration of CaM dissociation required ethanol concentrations as high as 150-200 mM.	Ethanol	16-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
7702635-7	1995	In control SPM, ethanol at 50 mM markedly accelerated the temperature-dependent dissociation of endogenous CaM, whereas in SPM from animals chronically treated with ethanol, significant acceleration of CaM dissociation required ethanol concentrations as high as 150-200 mM.	Ethanol	165-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
7702635-7	1995	In control SPM, ethanol at 50 mM markedly accelerated the temperature-dependent dissociation of endogenous CaM, whereas in SPM from animals chronically treated with ethanol, significant acceleration of CaM dissociation required ethanol concentrations as high as 150-200 mM.	Ethanol	165-172	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
7702635-9	1995	Since CaM mediates a variety of biochemical processes in synaptic membranes, we hypothesize that the effects of ethanol in altering the content of membrane-bound CaM may lead to a cascade of consequences in synaptic membrane function.	Ethanol	112-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
7702635-9	1995	Since CaM mediates a variety of biochemical processes in synaptic membranes, we hypothesize that the effects of ethanol in altering the content of membrane-bound CaM may lead to a cascade of consequences in synaptic membrane function.	Ethanol	112-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
7617436-8	1995	Sorbitol may enhance enterocyte Ca transport via a direct interaction with calmodulin and/or the Ca pump.	Sorbitol	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8536055-0	1995	Calmodulin antagonist W7 increases inositol phosphates in insulin secreting RINm5F cells.	Inositol Phosphates	35-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8536055-1	1995	W7, a calmodulin antagonist, has been reported to increase cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in non stimulated rat insulinoma cells (RINm5F).	Calcium	74-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
8536055-3	1995	In the present study the effect of calmodulin antagonist W7 on the inositol phosphate turnover of RINm5F cells was studied.	Inositol Phosphates	67-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
8536055-7	1995	Our data are in favour of the view that (I) calmodulin may be involved in inositol phosphate metabolism of RINm5F cells and that (II) the increase of [Ca2+]i in response to W7 as reported previously may be due to elevation of inositol trisphosphate.	Inositol Phosphates	74-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
8808174-3	1995	Trifluoperazine, a well-established calmodulin antagonist, also significantly reduced amylase secretion by the gland, confirming that the secretion is calmodulin dependent.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	17 (17 beta-estradiol	169-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
8808174-3	1995	Trifluoperazine, a well-established calmodulin antagonist, also significantly reduced amylase secretion by the gland, confirming that the secretion is calmodulin dependent.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
8808174-5	1995	Thus, the hypothesis that CsA may have Ca2+/calmodulin antagonistic properties is supported by the present study.	Cyclosporine	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7898303-0	1994	Repeated haloperidol increases both calmodulin and a calmodulin-binding protein in rat striatum.	Haloperidol	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
7898303-0	1994	Repeated haloperidol increases both calmodulin and a calmodulin-binding protein in rat striatum.	Haloperidol	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
7898303-2	1994	An increase in the particulate content of the endogenous Ca(2+)-binding protein, calmodulin, has been demonstrated after repeated treatment of rats with haloperidol.	Haloperidol	153-164	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
7898303-3	1994	In this study, the anatomical specificity of the effect of repeated haloperidol treatment on the content and subcellular localization of calmodulin was investigated.	Haloperidol	68-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
7898303-4	1994	Responsivity of calmodulin localization to dopaminergic input following drug treatment was assessed by determining the subcellular localization of calmodulin following an in vivo amphetamine challenge before sacrifice.	Amphetamine	179-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
7898303-6	1994	Repeated haloperidol increased calmodulin content only in the striatum but altered the subcellular distribution of calmodulin in rat limbic forebrain and frontal cortex.	Haloperidol	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
7898303-6	1994	Repeated haloperidol increased calmodulin content only in the striatum but altered the subcellular distribution of calmodulin in rat limbic forebrain and frontal cortex.	Haloperidol	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
7898303-9	1994	Challenge with the dopamine mimetic, amphetamine, before sacrifice was effective in redistributing calmodulin only in striatum from rats that had been treated repeatedly with haloperidol, demonstrating an increased sensitivity of the translocation process.	Dopamine	19-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
7898303-9	1994	Challenge with the dopamine mimetic, amphetamine, before sacrifice was effective in redistributing calmodulin only in striatum from rats that had been treated repeatedly with haloperidol, demonstrating an increased sensitivity of the translocation process.	Amphetamine	37-48	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
7898303-9	1994	Challenge with the dopamine mimetic, amphetamine, before sacrifice was effective in redistributing calmodulin only in striatum from rats that had been treated repeatedly with haloperidol, demonstrating an increased sensitivity of the translocation process.	Haloperidol	175-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
7898303-11	1994	Repeated haloperidol treatment enhanced calmodulin binding to a 150 kDa protein in striatal membranes.	Haloperidol	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
7898303-14	1994	Therefore, repeated haloperidol could increase the rat striatal content of calmodulin and potentially that of the calmodulin-binding protein, myosin light chain kinase.	Haloperidol	20-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
7898303-14	1994	Therefore, repeated haloperidol could increase the rat striatal content of calmodulin and potentially that of the calmodulin-binding protein, myosin light chain kinase.	Haloperidol	20-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
7898303-15	1994	Increases in striatal calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase may signal a greatly enhanced sensitivity of actin-myosin interactions after repeated haloperidol that could contribute to haloperidol-induced neurochemical or morphological changes involved in drug-induced synaptic plasticity.	Haloperidol	149-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7898303-15	1994	Increases in striatal calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase may signal a greatly enhanced sensitivity of actin-myosin interactions after repeated haloperidol that could contribute to haloperidol-induced neurochemical or morphological changes involved in drug-induced synaptic plasticity.	Haloperidol	186-197	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7962005-6	1994	The common phosphopeptides that appeared insulin-sensitive in intact cells comprised 61 and 40% of casein kinase II- and insulin receptor-catalyzed 32P incorporation into calmodulin in vitro, respectively.	Phosphorus-32	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-181
7895032-1	1994	Effects of cooling and calmodulin antagonist on ionomycin-induced increase in oxidative metabolism (or formation of reactive oxygen species) of rat cerebellar neurons was examined using a flow cytometer and 2",7"-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, a fluorescent dye for intracellular hydrogen peroxide.	Ionomycin	48-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7895032-1	1994	Effects of cooling and calmodulin antagonist on ionomycin-induced increase in oxidative metabolism (or formation of reactive oxygen species) of rat cerebellar neurons was examined using a flow cytometer and 2",7"-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, a fluorescent dye for intracellular hydrogen peroxide.	Reactive Oxygen Species	116-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
7898612-2	1994	In this study, corticosterone was found to prevent temperature-dependent dissociation of endogenous calmodulin (CaM) from highly purified SPM from rat cerebral cortex.	Corticosterone	15-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
7898612-2	1994	In this study, corticosterone was found to prevent temperature-dependent dissociation of endogenous calmodulin (CaM) from highly purified SPM from rat cerebral cortex.	Corticosterone	15-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
7898612-3	1994	The steroid stabilizes Ca(2+)-dependent membrane binding of endogenous CaM (78% of total CaM), whereas Ca(2+)-independent binding of CaM (the other 22%) is not affected.	Steroids	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
7898612-3	1994	The steroid stabilizes Ca(2+)-dependent membrane binding of endogenous CaM (78% of total CaM), whereas Ca(2+)-independent binding of CaM (the other 22%) is not affected.	Steroids	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
7898612-3	1994	The steroid stabilizes Ca(2+)-dependent membrane binding of endogenous CaM (78% of total CaM), whereas Ca(2+)-independent binding of CaM (the other 22%) is not affected.	Steroids	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
7898612-4	1994	The stabilization of membrane binding of endogenous CaM by corticosterone is concentration-dependent, with the maximal effect occurring at steroid concentration of 1 microM.	Corticosterone	59-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
7898612-4	1994	The stabilization of membrane binding of endogenous CaM by corticosterone is concentration-dependent, with the maximal effect occurring at steroid concentration of 1 microM.	Steroids	139-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Corticosterone	65-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Hydrocortisone	107-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Dexamethasone	117-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Triamcinolone	135-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7564880-1	1995	The effect of several anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 and cortisol on vanadate-induced tonic contraction and on calmodulin dependent cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity have been assayed.	Vanadates	101-109	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
7564880-1	1995	The effect of several anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 and cortisol on vanadate-induced tonic contraction and on calmodulin dependent cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity have been assayed.	Cyclic AMP	164-168	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-153
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Indomethacin	9-21	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Diclofenac	23-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Phenylbutazone	35-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Mefenamic Acid	51-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Naproxen	67-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Piroxicam	77-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	Aspirin	88-95	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7564880-5	1995	However, indomethacin, diclofenac, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, naproxen, piroxicam, aspirin and W-7 inhibit, in a concentration-dependent way, the calmodulin-stimulated activity of phosphodiesterase.	W 7	100-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
7890118-3	1994	The calmodulin dependent synaptic vesicle protein phosphorylation was enhanced following in vivo and in vitro lead exposure resulting in the depletion of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine.	Norepinephrine	176-190	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7890118-3	1994	The calmodulin dependent synaptic vesicle protein phosphorylation was enhanced following in vivo and in vitro lead exposure resulting in the depletion of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	195-208	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Progesterone	192-204	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7898612-6	1994	The effect in stabilizing membrane binding of CaM is specific to corticosterone and other glucocorticoids (cortisol, dexamethasone and triamcinolone); gonadal steroids (17 (17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) are ineffective.	Testosterone	209-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
7898612-8	1994	produced a rapid increase of CaM content in SPM, occurring within 5 min after steroid injection and persisting for at least 20 min.	Steroids	78-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
7931302-1	1994	The neuronal growth-associated protein B-50/GAP-43 is a substrate for protein kinase C, binds to calmodulin in a calcium-independent manner, and in vitro is subject to an endogenous and chymotrypsin-mediated hydrolysis in the vicinity of the single kinase C phosphorylation site.	Calcium	113-120	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
7927201-8	1994	We also report that the administration of the beta-adrenergic blocker, D,L-propranolol inhibited the accumulation of calmodulin protein without significantly affecting the increase of the messenger RNAs.	Propranolol	71-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-127
7927201-9	1994	These results indicate that the expression of calmodulin observed during liver regeneration could be regulated by cyclic AMP at the translational or posttranslational level.	Cyclic AMP	114-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	Trifluoperazine	129-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	Trifluoperazine	129-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	Trifluoperazine	129-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	CGS 9343B	148-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	CGS 9343B	148-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
7857679-5	1994	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound glycolytic enzymes induced by PDGF was prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a potent and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity), which strongly suggests that Ca(2+)-calmodulin is involved in this effect of PDGF.	CGS 9343B	148-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
7875554-0	1994	Serotonin-induced decrease in brain ATP, stimulation of brain anaerobic glycolysis and elevation of plasma hemoglobin; the protective action of calmodulin antagonists.	Serotonin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
7875554-8	1994	All these serotonin-induced changes in brain, which are characteristic for cerebral ischemia, were prevented by treatment with the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine or thioridazine.	Serotonin	10-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
7875554-8	1994	All these serotonin-induced changes in brain, which are characteristic for cerebral ischemia, were prevented by treatment with the calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine or thioridazine.	Serotonin	10-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
7875554-10	1994	Injection of serotonin also induced a marked elevation of plasma hemoglobin, reflecting lysed erythrocytes, which was also prevented by treatment with the CaM antagonists.	Serotonin	13-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
7875554-12	1994	The present results suggest that CaM antagonists may be effective drugs in treatment of many pathological conditions and diseases in which plasma serotonin levels are known to increase.	Serotonin	146-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
7931302-5	1994	Furthermore, this lipid dependency appears to extend to the binding of dephosphorylated B-50 to calmodulin, which appears to occur only in the presence of a nonionic detergent or lipid and the absence of calcium.	Calcium	204-211	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
8083578-1	1994	Previously we demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced or spontaneously diabetic BB rats (BB-SDR), low-Km cyclic AMP (cAMP), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and calmodulin (CaM) are decreased.	Streptozocin	35-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
7531409-0	1994	Effect of anti-calmodulin drugs on the growth and sensitivity of C6 rat glioma cells to bleomycin.	Bleomycin	88-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
7925415-3	1994	Phosphate incorporation into calmodulin occurs predominantly on tyrosine residues.	Phosphates	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
7925415-3	1994	Phosphate incorporation into calmodulin occurs predominantly on tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	64-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
7925415-4	1994	Partial proteolysis of phosphocalmodulin by thrombin identifies Tyr99, located in the third calcium-binding domain of calmodulin, as the phosphorylated residue.	Calcium	92-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8083578-1	1994	Previously we demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced or spontaneously diabetic BB rats (BB-SDR), low-Km cyclic AMP (cAMP), phosphodiesterase (PDE), and calmodulin (CaM) are decreased.	Streptozocin	35-49	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
8083578-10	1994	We postulate that in uncontrolled diabetes, elevations in levels of cAMP in tissue result in part from decreased activity of the apparently co-regulated PDE and CaM and that PDE inactivation in diabetes results from both insulin insufficiency and CaM down-regulation.	Cyclic AMP	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
7982267-7	1994	In contrast, long term streptozotocin diabetes (for 8 weeks) was found to cause a significant decrease in tissue calmodulin levels of these four smooth muscles.	Streptozocin	23-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
7981661-0	1994	Lead perturbs calmodulin dependent cyclic AMP metabolism in rat central nervous system.	Cyclic AMP	35-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
7982267-0	1994	Effect of short and long term streptozotocin diabetes on smooth muscle calmodulin levels in the rat.	Streptozocin	30-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
7982267-4	1994	In spite of the fact that most of the reports have demonstrated the defective contractions in long term diabetic rats, short term effect (for 1 week) of diabetes on calmodulin levels in the smooth muscles of aorta, trachea, vas deferens and duodenum was also investigated in the present study using streptozotocin diabetic rats to understand whether the changes in calmodulin dependent contractile process begin at an earlier stage of the disease.	Streptozocin	299-313	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
7995380-3	1994	The addition of trifluoperazine resulted in partially inhibiting the lead-stimulated calmodulin activity, whereas the calcium-stimulated calmodulin activity was completely inhibited by trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	16-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
7995380-3	1994	The addition of trifluoperazine resulted in partially inhibiting the lead-stimulated calmodulin activity, whereas the calcium-stimulated calmodulin activity was completely inhibited by trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	185-200	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
7995380-4	1994	Studies with purified calmodulin from the brain of control and lead-treated animals indicate that approximately 4 mole of calcium was present bound/mole of calmodulin in control animals and this fraction was reduced in lead-treated animals to approximately 3 mole of calcium/mole of calmodulin.	Calcium	122-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
7995380-4	1994	Studies with purified calmodulin from the brain of control and lead-treated animals indicate that approximately 4 mole of calcium was present bound/mole of calmodulin in control animals and this fraction was reduced in lead-treated animals to approximately 3 mole of calcium/mole of calmodulin.	Calcium	122-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
7995380-4	1994	Studies with purified calmodulin from the brain of control and lead-treated animals indicate that approximately 4 mole of calcium was present bound/mole of calmodulin in control animals and this fraction was reduced in lead-treated animals to approximately 3 mole of calcium/mole of calmodulin.	Calcium	122-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-166
7983186-5	1994	The 105 kDa polypeptide, solubilized from liver homogenates with the addition of ATP, co-sediments with F-actin, co-purifies with calmodulin, and binds calmodulin in the presence of EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	182-186	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
7845363-8	1994	Calcium stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes, and further addition of calmodulin potentiated calcium-stimulated enzyme activity in a concentration dependent manner.	Calcium	107-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
7981661-1	1994	The effect of chronic lead exposure on calmodulin regulated cAMP metabolism in rat brain, was investigated in the present study.	Cyclic AMP	60-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
7981661-2	1994	Lead was observed to activate calmodulin, both in vivo and in vitro and thus mimic calcium in its actions.	Calcium	83-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8061685-2	1994	In some areas, one of the four calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) appears to be predominant, for example, CB-D28K in lamina I and ependymal cells, PV at the inner part of laminae II, CR in laminae V and VI and CM in motoneurons of lamina IX.	Calcium	31-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	207-209
7828083-0	1994	Effect of vanadium compounds on calmodulin activity in experimental diabetes in rats.	Vanadium	10-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
7828083-2	1994	In this study, we determined whether vanadium ions mimic the effect of insulin on calmodulin activity of liver and adipose tissues in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and examined their effect with respect to concentration and time.	Vanadium	37-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
7828083-3	1994	Calmodulin activities in the hormone-sensitive tissues decreased in diabetes and returned to normal after sodium metavanadate or vanadyl sulfate treatment for 3 weeks (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL in drinking water).	Vanadates	106-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7828083-3	1994	Calmodulin activities in the hormone-sensitive tissues decreased in diabetes and returned to normal after sodium metavanadate or vanadyl sulfate treatment for 3 weeks (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL in drinking water).	vanadyl sulfate	129-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7828083-3	1994	Calmodulin activities in the hormone-sensitive tissues decreased in diabetes and returned to normal after sodium metavanadate or vanadyl sulfate treatment for 3 weeks (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL in drinking water).	Water	204-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7828083-4	1994	These results demonstrate that V5+ and V4+ forms of vanadium can restore the activity of calmodulin in experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin.	Streptozocin	136-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
21607428-0	1994	Inhibition by calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine of experimental carcinogenesis in rat colon induced by azoxymethane.	Trifluoperazine	36-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
21607428-0	1994	Inhibition by calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine of experimental carcinogenesis in rat colon induced by azoxymethane.	Azoxymethane	107-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
8034741-0	1994	Rat myr 4 defines a novel subclass of myosin I: identification, distribution, localization, and mapping of calmodulin-binding sites with differential calcium sensitivity.	Calcium	150-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
8299580-4	1994	In hippocampal membranes, inclusion of the GTP antagonist guanosine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (250 microM) caused pronounced inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity.	Guanosine Triphosphate	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
8049156-3	1994	The major binding proteins and substrates in REF52 cells shared similar properties including enrichment by calmodulin-Sepharose chromatography, binding to phosphatidylserine, and resistance to heat denaturation.	Sepharose	118-127	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-117
7511217-6	1994	This decrease in apparent affinity appears to involve a direct interaction between Ca(2+)-calmodulin and the channel, and it can reduce the activation of the channel by cAMP by up to a few hundred-fold, suggesting that it may be a key component of the Ca(2+)-triggered olfactory adaptation.	Cyclic AMP	169-173	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
8150214-9	1994	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine, W-7, and W-13 blocked phenylephrine-induced situs inversus, although they did not cause situs inversus by themselves.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8150214-9	1994	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine, W-7, and W-13 blocked phenylephrine-induced situs inversus, although they did not cause situs inversus by themselves.	Phenylephrine	66-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8150214-10	1994	KN-62, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) inhibitor, dose-dependently blocked phenylephrine-induced situs inversus.	KN 62	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
8150214-10	1994	KN-62, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase II) inhibitor, dose-dependently blocked phenylephrine-induced situs inversus.	Phenylephrine	105-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
8065504-0	1994	Ethanol modulates calmodulin-dependent Ca(2+)-activated ATPase in synaptic plasma membranes.	Ethanol	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
8065504-1	1994	The effects of ethanol in vitro on calmodulin-dependent Ca(2+)-activated ATPase (CaM-Ca(2+)-ATPase) activity were studied in synaptic plasma membranes (SPM) prepared from the brain of normal and chronically ethanol-treated rats.	Ethanol	15-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
8065504-6	1994	The resistance to ethanol inhibition was correlated with a higher enzyme affinity for calmodulin and a higher transition temperature, as compared with normal SPM.	Ethanol	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
8065504-7	1994	Since the calmodulin-dependent Ca(2+)-ATPase in synaptic plasma membranes is believed to be the Ca2+ pump controlling free Ca2+ levels in synaptic terminals, its inhibition by ethanol could therefore lead to altered synaptic activity.	Ethanol	176-183	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
8047286-1	1994	Calmodulin, calbindin-D28k and calretinin are calcium-binding proteins largely distributed in the bipolar olfactory receptor cells.	Calcium	46-53	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7517325-6	1994	4</protein-id> The calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium (3-10 microM) and W-7 (100 microM) also abolished CPA-induced relaxation.	calmidazolium	41-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7517325-6	1994	4</protein-id> The calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium (3-10 microM) and W-7 (100 microM) also abolished CPA-induced relaxation.	W 7	73-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7517325-6	1994	4</protein-id> The calmodulin inhibitors calmidazolium (3-10 microM) and W-7 (100 microM) also abolished CPA-induced relaxation.	cyclopiazonic acid	105-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7517325-8	1994	6 The inhibitors of NO synthesis and actions, the calmodulin inhibitor and removal of the endothelium abolished the CPA-stimulated increase in the levels of cyclic GMP.	cyclopiazonic acid	116-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7517325-8	1994	6 The inhibitors of NO synthesis and actions, the calmodulin inhibitor and removal of the endothelium abolished the CPA-stimulated increase in the levels of cyclic GMP.	Cyclic GMP	157-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
7520037-3	1994	When assayed in the requisite presence of L-arginine, CaCl2, NADPH, calmodulin, tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and FAD, the purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 328 nmol/min/mg L-citrulline formed and an apparent Km for L-arginine of 2.9 microM.	Arginine	42-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7520037-3	1994	When assayed in the requisite presence of L-arginine, CaCl2, NADPH, calmodulin, tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and FAD, the purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 328 nmol/min/mg L-citrulline formed and an apparent Km for L-arginine of 2.9 microM.	Citrulline	182-194	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
7520037-3	1994	When assayed in the requisite presence of L-arginine, CaCl2, NADPH, calmodulin, tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and FAD, the purified enzyme exhibited a specific activity of 328 nmol/min/mg L-citrulline formed and an apparent Km for L-arginine of 2.9 microM.	Arginine	225-235	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-78
8299580-4	1994	In hippocampal membranes, inclusion of the GTP antagonist guanosine 5"-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (250 microM) caused pronounced inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity.	guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate)	58-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
8299580-5	1994	Guanosine 5(1)-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) had much smaller effects on calmodulin-independent (basal and forskolin-stimulated) enzyme activity.	guanosine 5(1)-o-(2-thiodiphosphate	0-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
8299580-5	1994	Guanosine 5(1)-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) had much smaller effects on calmodulin-independent (basal and forskolin-stimulated) enzyme activity.	Colforsin	99-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
8299580-6	1994	Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ in the assay medium increased basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, but abolished calmodulin-dependent activation of this enzyme in both hippocampal and cortical membranes.	Manganese(2+)	16-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
8299580-6	1994	Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ in the assay medium increased basal and forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, but abolished calmodulin-dependent activation of this enzyme in both hippocampal and cortical membranes.	magnesium ion	25-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
8299580-12	1994	Overall, our studies suggest that the effects of ADX on calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase may occur through a reduction in the absolute amount of the catalytic subunit or an alteration(s) in the efficiency of coupling between adenylate cyclase and its modulators.	Adenylyl sulfate	49-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
8025916-0	1994	Identification of a calcium dependent atrial secretory binding protein as calmodulin.	Calcium	20-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
8025916-6	1994	RESULTS: Analysis of this protein and its interaction with atrial secretory granules revealed that it was identical to calmodulin and that the calcium dependent interaction with atrial secretory granules takes place at physiological calcium concentrations.	Calcium	143-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
8025916-6	1994	RESULTS: Analysis of this protein and its interaction with atrial secretory granules revealed that it was identical to calmodulin and that the calcium dependent interaction with atrial secretory granules takes place at physiological calcium concentrations.	Calcium	233-240	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
8025916-7	1994	CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies calmodulin as a calcium dependent atrial secretory binding protein.	Calcium	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8025916-8	1994	The interaction of calmodulin with atrial secretory granules at physiological calcium concentrations suggest a possible role for calmodulin in the regulation of ANF release from the secretory granules.	Calcium	78-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
7511217-5	1994	Here we use the cloned channel from rat expressed in a cell line and the native channel from rat olfactory receptor cells to show that Ca2+ reduces the apparent affinity of the channel for cAMP by up to 20-fold in the presence of calmodulin, an abundant protein in olfactory cilia.	Cyclic AMP	189-193	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	230-240
8015378-1	1994	Selective oligonucleotide probes were developed to determine the distribution and hormonal regulation of different calmodulin genes in rat brain and the relationship to calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity.	Oligonucleotides	10-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
8015378-1	1994	Selective oligonucleotide probes were developed to determine the distribution and hormonal regulation of different calmodulin genes in rat brain and the relationship to calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase activity.	Oligonucleotides	10-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-179
8015378-6	1994	(4) Corticosterone administration prevented adrenalectomy effects on hippocampal adenylate cyclase activity and calmodulin mRNA levels.	Corticosterone	4-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-122
8015378-9	1994	Further evidence is required to establish the temporal interrelationships between steroid regulation of calmodulin and its target proteins.	Steroids	82-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
8138930-0	1994	Ethanol modulates [125I]calmodulin binding to synaptic plasma membranes from rat brain.	Ethanol	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
8138930-2	1994	In SPM from control animals, ethanol at 50 to 200 mM inhibited [125I] calmodulin binding; the inhibition was correlated with a decreased membrane affinity for [125I]calmodulin as shown by Scatchard analysis, and an increased dissociation of [125I]calmodulin-membrane complexes as shown by kinetic analysis.	Ethanol	29-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
8138930-2	1994	In SPM from control animals, ethanol at 50 to 200 mM inhibited [125I] calmodulin binding; the inhibition was correlated with a decreased membrane affinity for [125I]calmodulin as shown by Scatchard analysis, and an increased dissociation of [125I]calmodulin-membrane complexes as shown by kinetic analysis.	Ethanol	29-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
8138930-2	1994	In SPM from control animals, ethanol at 50 to 200 mM inhibited [125I] calmodulin binding; the inhibition was correlated with a decreased membrane affinity for [125I]calmodulin as shown by Scatchard analysis, and an increased dissociation of [125I]calmodulin-membrane complexes as shown by kinetic analysis.	Ethanol	29-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-175
8138930-5	1994	The resistance to ethanol inhibition was correlated with a higher membrane affinity for [125I]calmodulin and a higher transition temperature, as compared with control SPM.	Ethanol	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
8138930-6	1994	Because a variety of membrane-bound processes are regulated by calmodulin or calmodulin-dependent processes, the inhibitory effect of ethanol on membrane binding of calmodulin could lead to a cascade of consequences in synaptic function.	Ethanol	134-141	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
8138930-6	1994	Because a variety of membrane-bound processes are regulated by calmodulin or calmodulin-dependent processes, the inhibitory effect of ethanol on membrane binding of calmodulin could lead to a cascade of consequences in synaptic function.	Ethanol	134-141	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8138930-6	1994	Because a variety of membrane-bound processes are regulated by calmodulin or calmodulin-dependent processes, the inhibitory effect of ethanol on membrane binding of calmodulin could lead to a cascade of consequences in synaptic function.	Ethanol	134-141	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
8138930-7	1994	Moreover, the resistance of the membranes to ethanol inhibition after chronic ethanol treatment implies that membrane binding of calmodulin is part of the mechanism underlying alcohol tolerance and dependence.	Ethanol	45-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
8138930-7	1994	Moreover, the resistance of the membranes to ethanol inhibition after chronic ethanol treatment implies that membrane binding of calmodulin is part of the mechanism underlying alcohol tolerance and dependence.	Ethanol	78-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
8138930-7	1994	Moreover, the resistance of the membranes to ethanol inhibition after chronic ethanol treatment implies that membrane binding of calmodulin is part of the mechanism underlying alcohol tolerance and dependence.	Alcohols	176-183	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
8128501-1	1994	Recent reports indicate that calmodulin inhibitors (CIs) can modify cadmium toxicity in rodents.	Cadmium	68-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
8106563-12	1994	Therefore, we suggest that up-regulation of gas-6 gene expression is mediated by the interaction of calcium with calmodulin, independently of catecholamines.	Calcium	100-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-123
7509343-6	1994	Intracellular Ca chelator BAPTA/AM and calmodulin antagonist W-7, but not Ca channel blocker nicardipine, significantly inhibited ET-3- or IRL 1620-induced cGMP generation.	Cyclic GMP	156-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
8135875-0	1994	Calmodulin antagonistic action of new 1,5-benzothiazepines derived from diltiazem.	1,5-benzothiazepine	38-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8135875-4	1994	Further, radioligand binding experiment, using a radiolabeled 1,5-benzothiazepine, showed that these compounds bound to Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex, but not to calmodulin in the presence of EGTA, suggesting that these 1,5-benzothiazepines are new calmodulin antagonists.	Egtazic Acid	188-192	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8135875-0	1994	Calmodulin antagonistic action of new 1,5-benzothiazepines derived from diltiazem.	Diltiazem	72-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8135875-2	1994	Some compounds possessing the benzoyloxy moieties at position 4 of 1,5-benzothiazepine ring of diltiazem showed a dose-dependent inhibitory action with the potencies comparable to that of a calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7).	1,5-benzothiazepine	67-86	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
8135875-4	1994	Further, radioligand binding experiment, using a radiolabeled 1,5-benzothiazepine, showed that these compounds bound to Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex, but not to calmodulin in the presence of EGTA, suggesting that these 1,5-benzothiazepines are new calmodulin antagonists.	1,5-benzothiazepine	216-236	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8135875-2	1994	Some compounds possessing the benzoyloxy moieties at position 4 of 1,5-benzothiazepine ring of diltiazem showed a dose-dependent inhibitory action with the potencies comparable to that of a calmodulin antagonist, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7).	Diltiazem	95-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
8135875-6	1994	In conclusion, new 1,5-benzothiazepines have been demonstrated to have an anti-calmodulin action.	1,5-benzothiazepine	19-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
8135875-4	1994	Further, radioligand binding experiment, using a radiolabeled 1,5-benzothiazepine, showed that these compounds bound to Ca(2+)-calmodulin complex, but not to calmodulin in the presence of EGTA, suggesting that these 1,5-benzothiazepines are new calmodulin antagonists.	1,5-benzothiazepine	62-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-137
8114611-1	1994	Thapsigargin induced endothelium-dependent relaxation and cGMP production in rat thoracic aorta, and these effects were inhibited by nitric oxide (NO) pathway inhibitors, a calmodulin inhibitor and removal of Ca2+, suggesting that NO is involved in the thapsigargin-induced relaxation.	Thapsigargin	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
7924890-5	1994	On the other hand, significant positive correlations were observed between both the inhibitory action of local anaesthetics on propagation of action potential in rat sciatic nerve and the ability of drugs to interact with calmodulin and the ability of the respective drug to reverse the resistance of L1210 cells to vincristine.	Vincristine	316-327	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	222-232
8139399-8	1994	In cAMP-dependent protein kinase/cAMP- or Ca2+/calmodulin-activated microsomes, a time-dependent loss of activation in cholesteryl oleate hydrolysis was caused by alkaline phosphatase.	Cyclic AMP	3-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
8139399-8	1994	In cAMP-dependent protein kinase/cAMP- or Ca2+/calmodulin-activated microsomes, a time-dependent loss of activation in cholesteryl oleate hydrolysis was caused by alkaline phosphatase.	cholesteryl oleate	119-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
8857027-12	1994	Our results suggest that the hypercalcemia induced by Tachistin caused a dose-dependent increase of PRA and Ca-Calmodulin complex is the dominant second messenger of Renin secretion.	tachistin	54-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
8282374-11	1994	Addition of the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 completely reversed the inhibition of renin by high-calcium medium.	W 7	37-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
8282374-11	1994	Addition of the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 completely reversed the inhibition of renin by high-calcium medium.	Calcium	93-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
8139399-4	1994	Cholesterol ester hydrolase was activated twofold by free calcium and Ca2+/calmodulin; this latter effect was blocked by the chelator ethylene-glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Calcium	58-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
8139399-4	1994	Cholesterol ester hydrolase was activated twofold by free calcium and Ca2+/calmodulin; this latter effect was blocked by the chelator ethylene-glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Egtazic Acid	134-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8139399-4	1994	Cholesterol ester hydrolase was activated twofold by free calcium and Ca2+/calmodulin; this latter effect was blocked by the chelator ethylene-glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid and the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	233-248	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
8238513-8	1993	Calmodulin antagonism blocked the uptake of putrescine and the low-affinity but not high-affinity spermidine uptake system.	Putrescine	44-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8184148-6	1994	In addition, glomeruli from control and gentamicin-treated rats were isolated and glomerular renin release was measured under basal conditions and after stimulation with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (1 x 10(-4) M).	Trifluoperazine	195-210	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
8228218-7	1993	Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, also inhibited DNA fragmentation as reported, although they markedly enhanced cytolysis.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8228218-7	1993	Calmodulin inhibitors, trifluoperazine and calmidazolium, also inhibited DNA fragmentation as reported, although they markedly enhanced cytolysis.	calmidazolium	43-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8394349-7	1993	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited Bt2cAMP-induced increases in TC uptake, but not [Ca2+]i.	Bucladesine	33-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7693462-1	1993	Calmodulin-dependent nitric-oxide synthase, with an apparent molecular mass of 125 kDa, was induced in the liver of rats treated with Propionibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.	nitric	21-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7693462-6	1993	The structure of the possible calmodulin-binding site, consisting of a strongly hydrophobic region surrounded by basic amino acids, is present.	Amino Acids, Basic	113-130	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
8378935-7	1993	Paraquat uptake was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the putative calmodulin antagonist W-7, but was not affected by KN-62, a Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II specific inhibitor.	Paraquat	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
8378935-7	1993	Paraquat uptake was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the putative calmodulin antagonist W-7, but was not affected by KN-62, a Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II specific inhibitor.	Paraquat	0-8	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
8394349-7	1993	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited Bt2cAMP-induced increases in TC uptake, but not [Ca2+]i.	Technetium	62-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8394349-12	1993	Taken together these results indicate that stimulation of hepatic Na+/TC cotransport by cAMP 1) is mediated via PKA; 2) is potentiated, but not mediated, by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent processes; and 3) may be down-regulated by PKC.	Cyclic AMP	88-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
8393087-1	1993	The major postsynaptic density protein, proposed to be a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, becomes phosphorylated when a postsynaptic density preparation from rat cerebral cortex is incubated in medium containing calcium and calmodulin.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
8393087-1	1993	The major postsynaptic density protein, proposed to be a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, becomes phosphorylated when a postsynaptic density preparation from rat cerebral cortex is incubated in medium containing calcium and calmodulin.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-246
8393444-6	1993	This report also shows that calmodulin inhibits the activity of casein kinase-2 in the nuclear fractions obtained by nuclease extraction.	nuclease	117-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
8371831-7	1993	The binding of [125I]calmodulin to the synaptic membrane was found to be increased by corticosterone (10(-7)-10(-6) M), a steroid hormone, and decreased by ethanol (50-200 mM), a centrally acting drug.	Corticosterone	86-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
8371831-7	1993	The binding of [125I]calmodulin to the synaptic membrane was found to be increased by corticosterone (10(-7)-10(-6) M), a steroid hormone, and decreased by ethanol (50-200 mM), a centrally acting drug.	Steroids	122-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
8371831-7	1993	The binding of [125I]calmodulin to the synaptic membrane was found to be increased by corticosterone (10(-7)-10(-6) M), a steroid hormone, and decreased by ethanol (50-200 mM), a centrally acting drug.	Ethanol	156-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
7688156-3	1993	This study explores the temporal relation between duration of focal ischemia and the functional activity of increased intracellular calcium as measured by calcium-calmodulin binding.	Calcium	132-139	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-173
7688156-11	1993	Inasmuch as loss of calmodulin staining represents a marker for calcium-mediated activity after ischemia, it suggests a window of opportunity within 4 hours after acute stroke for therapeutic intervention with calcium antagonists.	Calcium	64-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
8232281-5	1993	Trifluoperazine, an anti-calmodulin agent did not influence the initial phase of calcium induced swelling but in the subsequent phase swelling was reduced.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8405090-7	1993	Calmodulin antagonists prevent long term desensitization induced by serotonin.	Serotonin	68-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8233042-4	1993	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine reduced significantly Ca(2+)-stimulated, Mg(2+)-dependent ATP hydrolysis.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8233042-4	1993	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine reduced significantly Ca(2+)-stimulated, Mg(2+)-dependent ATP hydrolysis.	magnesium ion	83-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8233042-4	1993	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine reduced significantly Ca(2+)-stimulated, Mg(2+)-dependent ATP hydrolysis.	Adenosine Triphosphate	100-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8233042-5	1993	The [Ca(2+)+Mg2+]-dependent ATPase in rat pineal gland exhibits very high affinity for Ca2+, is highly vanadate sensitive and appears to require calmodulin.	magnesium ion	12-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
8233042-5	1993	The [Ca(2+)+Mg2+]-dependent ATPase in rat pineal gland exhibits very high affinity for Ca2+, is highly vanadate sensitive and appears to require calmodulin.	Vanadates	103-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
8098610-5	1993	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium completely prevented the inhibition.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Trifluoperazine	78-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Trifluoperazine	78-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Thioridazine	95-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Thioridazine	95-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Pimozide	109-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	Pimozide	109-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	cysteinylglycine	122-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	cysteinylglycine	122-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	9343b	126-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
8224738-3	1993	Electron microscopic studies have revealed that calmodulin (CaM) antagonists, trifluoperazine, thioridazine, pimozide and CGS 9343B, were most effective in preserving muscle structure.	9343b	126-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8224738-5	1993	The CaM antagonists raised the decreased glucose-1,6-bisphosphate levels, induced by high Ca2+, with a concomitant activation of the reduced cytosolic phosphofructokinase (the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis) and thereby cytosolic glycolysis.	glucose-1,6-bisphosphate	41-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
8397347-2	1993	In our previous studies, using the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line as a model system for neuronal differentiation, all five calmodulin messenger RNAs were found to be present, and treatment with both nerve growth factor and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which induce neurite outgrowth in these cells, increased the level of calmodulin and differentially increased the levels of the various calmodulin messenger RNAs.	Bucladesine	224-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-134
8397347-2	1993	In our previous studies, using the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line as a model system for neuronal differentiation, all five calmodulin messenger RNAs were found to be present, and treatment with both nerve growth factor and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which induce neurite outgrowth in these cells, increased the level of calmodulin and differentially increased the levels of the various calmodulin messenger RNAs.	Bucladesine	224-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	316-326
8397347-2	1993	In our previous studies, using the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line as a model system for neuronal differentiation, all five calmodulin messenger RNAs were found to be present, and treatment with both nerve growth factor and dibutyryl cyclic AMP, which induce neurite outgrowth in these cells, increased the level of calmodulin and differentially increased the levels of the various calmodulin messenger RNAs.	Bucladesine	224-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	316-326
8397347-3	1993	In an attempt to uncover the nature of the differential increase in the calmodulin messenger RNAs during neuronal differentiation, we examined here the subcellular distribution of the individual calmodulin messenger RNAs in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor and dibutyryl cyclic AMP by in situ hybridization cytochemistry, using radiolabeled oligodeoxynucleotide probes.	Bucladesine	272-292	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
8359207-1	1993	The ability of trifluoperazine, a calmodulin blocker, to prevent increases in skeletal muscle glucose uptake induced by insulin was tested.	Trifluoperazine	15-30	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
8359207-3	1993	We conclude that calmodulin is a factor involved in the regulation of insulin-mediated glucose transport in muscle cells.	Glucose	87-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
8390354-3	1993	It could be adsorbed onto calmodulin-Sepharose and eluted in Ca(2+)-free medium as a 48-kDa protein.	Sepharose	37-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
7683651-5	1993	Imidazole inhibited calmodulin-dependent NADPH consumption by the enzyme with dissolved oxygen as the sole electron acceptor, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at a concentration of 225 microM.	imidazole	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
7683651-5	1993	Imidazole inhibited calmodulin-dependent NADPH consumption by the enzyme with dissolved oxygen as the sole electron acceptor, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at a concentration of 225 microM.	NADP	41-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
7683651-5	1993	Imidazole inhibited calmodulin-dependent NADPH consumption by the enzyme with dissolved oxygen as the sole electron acceptor, with half-maximal inhibition occurring at a concentration of 225 microM.	Oxygen	88-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
8098610-5	1993	The calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium completely prevented the inhibition.	calmidazolium	47-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8098610-7	1993	These results indicate that not only NMDA but also non-NMDA receptor channels in these neurons are permeable for Ca2+ and that Ca2+ influx through these channels activates a calmodulin-dependent mechanism, which leads to HVA Ca2+ current inhibition.	N-Methylaspartate	37-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
8484959-3	1993	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound enzymes could be prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity).	Trifluoperazine	107-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
8386178-11	1993	KN-62, a selective inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, inhibited CaM kinase V, with a Ki of 0.8 microM.	KN 62	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
8484959-3	1993	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound enzymes could be prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity).	Trifluoperazine	107-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
8484959-3	1993	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound enzymes could be prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity).	CGS 9343B	126-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
8484959-3	1993	The increase in cytoskeleton-bound enzymes could be prevented by treatment with the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine or CGS 9343B (a novel, potent, and selective inhibitor of calmodulin activity).	CGS 9343B	126-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
8387016-6	1993	Calmodulin antagonists counteracted the effect of okadaic acid on DNA replication.	Okadaic Acid	50-62	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
7682220-8	1993	This stimulation is blocked by EGTA and the calmodulin antagonist W7, but not by protein kinase C inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of the calmodulin branch of the calcium messenger system.	Egtazic Acid	31-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
7682220-8	1993	This stimulation is blocked by EGTA and the calmodulin antagonist W7, but not by protein kinase C inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of the calmodulin branch of the calcium messenger system.	Calcium	169-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
7682220-8	1993	This stimulation is blocked by EGTA and the calmodulin antagonist W7, but not by protein kinase C inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of the calmodulin branch of the calcium messenger system.	Calcium	169-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
8327276-5	1993	Treatment of the pneumonectomized rats with a highly specific calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine, immediately after the surgery, resulted in diminished lung calmodulin activity, sparing the calmodulin content, and in concomitant reduction of lung mass and DNA content to values intermediate between those of controls and the pneumonectomized animals.	Trifluoperazine	85-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
8461337-7	1993	Calmodulin antagonists decreased the effects of ionomycin and ATP by approx.	Ionomycin	48-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8461337-7	1993	Calmodulin antagonists decreased the effects of ionomycin and ATP by approx.	Adenosine Triphosphate	62-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
8461337-9	1993	Complete inhibition of the effect of ATP was achieved with a combination of a calmodulin antagonist, an A2 antagonist and a protein kinase C inhibitor.	Adenosine Triphosphate	37-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
8461337-10	1993	These and previous data suggest that the stimulatory effect of ATP on phosphatidylcholine secretion in type II cells is mediated by three signal-transduction mechanisms: activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase; activation of protein kinase C; and a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Adenosine Triphosphate	63-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	253-263
8461337-10	1993	These and previous data suggest that the stimulatory effect of ATP on phosphatidylcholine secretion in type II cells is mediated by three signal-transduction mechanisms: activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase; activation of protein kinase C; and a calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Phosphatidylcholines	70-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	253-263
7686456-0	1993	N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, reverses the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis due to dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	W 7	0-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
7686456-0	1993	N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, a calmodulin antagonist, reverses the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis due to dibutyryl cyclic AMP.	Bucladesine	139-159	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
8487658-0	1993	Influence of calmodulin antagonists and calcium channel blockers on triiodothyronine uptake by rat hepatoma and myoblast cell lines.	Triiodothyronine	68-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
8487658-5	1993	To investigate whether the calmodulin sensitivity of uptake was mediated via transmembrane calcium flux, we also studied the effects of three structurally distinct types of organic calcium channel blockers in both H4 and L6 cells.	Calcium	91-98	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
8327276-5	1993	Treatment of the pneumonectomized rats with a highly specific calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine, immediately after the surgery, resulted in diminished lung calmodulin activity, sparing the calmodulin content, and in concomitant reduction of lung mass and DNA content to values intermediate between those of controls and the pneumonectomized animals.	Trifluoperazine	85-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
8327276-5	1993	Treatment of the pneumonectomized rats with a highly specific calmodulin antagonist, trifluoperazine, immediately after the surgery, resulted in diminished lung calmodulin activity, sparing the calmodulin content, and in concomitant reduction of lung mass and DNA content to values intermediate between those of controls and the pneumonectomized animals.	Trifluoperazine	85-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-171
8422259-1	1993	Incubating Fura 2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 decreased the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular free calcium.	Fura-2	11-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8474560-0	1993	Modulation of a neuronal calmodulin mRNA species in the rat brain stem by reserpine.	Reserpine	74-83	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
8474560-3	1993	In this report we employ Northern blot analysis to examine the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of reserpine on levels of calmodulin mRNA species which are preferentially expressed in neurons of the rat brain.	Reserpine	108-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-141
8422259-1	1993	Incubating Fura 2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 decreased the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular free calcium.	frtl-5	33-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8422259-0	1993	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 depletes intracellular calcium stores in FRTL-5 thyroid cells.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8422259-0	1993	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 depletes intracellular calcium stores in FRTL-5 thyroid cells.	Calcium	53-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
8422259-1	1993	Incubating Fura 2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 decreased the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular free calcium.	W 7	76-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8422259-1	1993	Incubating Fura 2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 decreased the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular free calcium.	Adenosine Triphosphate	94-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8422259-1	1993	Incubating Fura 2 loaded thyroid FRTL-5 cells with the calmodulin inhibitor W-7 decreased the ATP-evoked increase in intracellular free calcium.	Calcium	136-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-65
8422259-5	1993	The results suggest that calmodulin is necessary for the signal-transduction system in FRTL-5 cells, and may be especially important in maintaining functional intracellular calcium stores in the cells.	Calcium	173-180	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-35
1332072-7	1992	The effects of EGF, calmodulin, cyclic AMP, and phorbol esters were dependent on ATP, because depleting the cells from ATP masked the effects on Na+/H+ exchange activity.	Adenosine Triphosphate	81-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
1281157-1	1992	A calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase was significantly induced in the liver of rats treated intravenously with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes and 5 days later with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide.	coli lipopolysaccharide	189-212	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-12
1281157-2	1992	The apparent calmodulin-dependent and -independent isozymes were separated by Mono Q column chromatography after their partial purification by 2",5"-ADP-agarose affinity chromatography.	2",5"-adp-agarose	143-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
1281157-7	1992	The purified calmodulin-independent isozyme was converted to a calmodulin-dependent isozyme by EDTA and EGTA.	Edetic Acid	95-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
1281157-7	1992	The purified calmodulin-independent isozyme was converted to a calmodulin-dependent isozyme by EDTA and EGTA.	Edetic Acid	95-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1281157-7	1992	The purified calmodulin-independent isozyme was converted to a calmodulin-dependent isozyme by EDTA and EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	104-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
1281157-7	1992	The purified calmodulin-independent isozyme was converted to a calmodulin-dependent isozyme by EDTA and EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	104-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1364239-4	1992	We reported previously that the decrease of the serum calcium level in SHR causes a decrease of the dopamine levels in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens regions through a calmodulin-dependent system, and subsequent low levels of dopamine in the brain which may produce an increase in blood pressure.	Calcium	54-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
1364239-4	1992	We reported previously that the decrease of the serum calcium level in SHR causes a decrease of the dopamine levels in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens regions through a calmodulin-dependent system, and subsequent low levels of dopamine in the brain which may produce an increase in blood pressure.	Dopamine	100-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-185
1364239-5	1992	Combining this finding and our previous reports, we also suggest that the lower dopamine levels seen in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens regions of SHR may result from the decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase and/or calmodulin levels in these regions in addition to the abnormality of calcium metabolism, and low levels of dopamine may produce an increase in blood pressure through functions of cerebral dopaminergic neurons and peripheral sympathetic nerves.	Dopamine	80-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	217-227
1363514-0	1992	Increase of vinblastine accumulation by inhibitors of calmodulin-dependent cell functions in rat ascites hepatoma AH66 cells.	Vinblastine	12-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
1331069-2	1992	The phosphorylation sites were contained mainly in the COOH-terminal 10-kDa cyanogen bromide fragment which houses the binding sites for calmodulin, tropomyosin, and F-actin.	Cyanogen Bromide	76-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-147
1363514-5	1992	There may be an unknown Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent mechanism in the extrusion of vinblastine from AH66 cells.	Vinblastine	82-93	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
1363514-1	1992	ML-9, an inhibitor for myosin light chain kinase, and W-7, a calmodulin inhibitor, suppressed the efflux of vinblastine and increased the intracellular accumulation of vinblastine, but W-5, an inactive compound for calmodulin, did not so in rat ascites hepatoma AH66 cells, which have a multidrug-resistant phenotype.	Tungsten	54-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1522130-2	1992	The role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating calcium (Ca) uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of vascular smooth muscle was studied in saponin skinned strips of rat caudal artery.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
1336971-1	1992	The calmodulin inhibitor calmidazolium chloride inhibited the activity of soluble and particulate Ins(1,4,5)P3-5-phosphatase from GH3 cells, with an IC50 value of approximately 100 microM following a 10-min preincubation with the enzyme.	calmidazolium	25-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1522130-2	1992	The role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating calcium (Ca) uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of vascular smooth muscle was studied in saponin skinned strips of rat caudal artery.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
1522130-5	1992	The IC50 of these antagonists for inhibition of Ca-CaM-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity and Ca-activated superprecipitation of canine aortic actomyosin was measured and found to be in the low micromolar range with a rank order of potency for inhibition of CDZ greater than TFP greater than W-7.	calmidazolium	261-264	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
1466788-4	1992	Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).	Anthraquinones	120-134	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
1466788-4	1992	Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).	Mitoxantrone	231-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
1645162-0	1992	Inhibition by calmodulin antagonists of [3H]MK-801 binding in brain synaptic membranes.	Tritium	41-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1645162-0	1992	Inhibition by calmodulin antagonists of [3H]MK-801 binding in brain synaptic membranes.	Dizocilpine Maleate	44-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1645162-1	1992	In brain synaptic membranes not extensively washed, (+)-5-[3H]methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5, 10-imine ([3H]MK-801) binding was markedly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (at concentrations above 1 microM) by several compounds having antagonistic activity at the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin.	(+)-5-[3h]methyl-10,11-dihydro-5h-dibenzo[a,d]-cyclohepten-5, 10-imine	52-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	318-328
1645162-6	1992	These results suggest that calmodulin antagonists may interfere with opening processes of an ion channel associated with an N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive subclass of excitatory amino acid receptors in rat brain.	N-Methylaspartate	124-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1466788-4	1992	Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).	Emodin	264-270	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
1466788-4	1992	Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is inhibited by a range of di-, tri- and tetrahydroxylated anthraquinones (IC50 values 2 to 53 microM), the most potent inhibitors being the more polar compounds, namely mitoxantrone (IC50 2 microM) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) (IC50 8 microM).	Emodin	272-310	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
1466788-5	1992	Mitoxantrone interacts with calmodulin as determined from abolition of Ca(2+)-dependent fluorescence enhancement of dansyl-calmodulin (IC50 4 microM).	Mitoxantrone	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
1466788-5	1992	Mitoxantrone interacts with calmodulin as determined from abolition of Ca(2+)-dependent fluorescence enhancement of dansyl-calmodulin (IC50 4 microM).	Mitoxantrone	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-133
1322410-3	1992	Calmodulin increased the Mn2+ stimulated activity 3-5-fold.	Manganese(2+)	25-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Serine	105-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Thyronines	112-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Threonine	132-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Serine	140-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Serine	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-4	1992	We demonstrate that casein kinase II, an insulin-sensitive kinase, phosphorylates calmodulin in vitro on serine/thyronine residues (Thr-79, Ser-81, Ser-101 and Thr-117).	Threonine	160-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Tyrosine	208-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Tyrosine	208-216	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Threonine	220-229	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Threonine	220-229	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Serine	234-240	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
1520270-5	1992	The ability of the insulin receptor to phosphorylate calmodulin that has been pre-phosphorylated by casein kinase II is enhanced up to 35-fold, and the sites of phosphorylation on calmodulin are shifted from tyrosine to threonine and serine.	Serine	234-240	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-190
1324604-4	1992	This sensitivity to calmodulin and R-24571 was lost upon reconstitution in the presence and absence of leupeptin.	leupeptin	103-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-30
1382372-0	1992	Influence of CGS 9343B, an inhibitor of calmodulin activity, on histamine release from isolated rat mast cells.	cysteinylglycine	13-16	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1640937-8	1992	Trifluoroperazine (TFP; 50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly increased Ca2+ release from the nuclei.	Trifluoperazine	0-17	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	W 7	43-46	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	calmidazolium	48-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	63-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	cysteinylglycine	73-76	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1381016-4	1992	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, W-7, calmidazolium, W-13, and CGS 9343B improved postischemic contractile function and/or reduced LDH release.	9343b	77-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1382372-0	1992	Influence of CGS 9343B, an inhibitor of calmodulin activity, on histamine release from isolated rat mast cells.	9343b	17-22	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-50
1616920-8	1992	Inner medullary cells may contain a class of Ba(2+)-inhibitable, calmodulin-dependent K+ conductive pathway which is activated in strongly hyperosmotic media by the operation of an inwardly-directed Na(+)-amino acid symport (cf.	N-methyl-valyl-amiclenomycin	45-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
1320371-2	1992	Okadaic acid was effectively antagonized by the general protein kinase inhibitors K-252a and KT-5926, the calmodulin antagonist W-7, and by KN-62, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II).	Okadaic Acid	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
1320371-2	1992	Okadaic acid was effectively antagonized by the general protein kinase inhibitors K-252a and KT-5926, the calmodulin antagonist W-7, and by KN-62, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II).	Okadaic Acid	0-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
1320371-2	1992	Okadaic acid was effectively antagonized by the general protein kinase inhibitors K-252a and KT-5926, the calmodulin antagonist W-7, and by KN-62, a specific inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK-II).	KN 62	140-145	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-186
1376917-3	1992	The enzyme was strongly stimulated by the addition of calmodulin with an EC50 of 2 nM, but removal of free calcium from the assay medium only reduced activity by 15%.	Calcium	107-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
1456049-2	1992	l-SPD inhibited also calmodulin (CaM)-activated basal Ca(2+)-ATPase in a concentration-dependent manner.	stepholidine	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
1456049-2	1992	l-SPD inhibited also calmodulin (CaM)-activated basal Ca(2+)-ATPase in a concentration-dependent manner.	stepholidine	0-5	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
1456049-3	1992	A complete reversal of CaM activation of Ca(2+)-ATPase was observed with l-SPD 10 mumol.L-1.	stepholidine	73-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
1456049-4	1992	The activity of synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane-bound CaM level were decreased in haloperidol (1 mg.kg-1.d-1, ip) and l-SPD (5, 10, and 30 mg.kg-1.d-1, ip) treated rats for 7 and 14 d, respectively.	Haloperidol	90-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
1456049-4	1992	The activity of synaptosomal Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane-bound CaM level were decreased in haloperidol (1 mg.kg-1.d-1, ip) and l-SPD (5, 10, and 30 mg.kg-1.d-1, ip) treated rats for 7 and 14 d, respectively.	stepholidine	126-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	Haloperidol	111-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	Haloperidol	111-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-217
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	stepholidine	127-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	stepholidine	127-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-217
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	Haloperidol	170-181	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1456049-5	1992	But the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase and membrane CaM level were increased after treatment with the same of doses haloperidol and l-SPD for 21 d. During the treatments with haloperidol and l-SPD cytosolic and nuclear CaM levels were not altered.	Haloperidol	170-181	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	214-217
1456049-6	1992	These results suggest that l-SPD may modulate the release and synthesis of dopamine (DA) and the negative feedback regulation of presynaptic DA receptors by altering Ca2+ and CaM regulating processes in the central dopaminergic nervous system.	stepholidine	27-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
1616003-10	1992	Finally, use of the putative calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide caused a dose-dependent inhibition of [14C]putrescine uptake with 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 7 microM.	Putrescine	145-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1616003-11	1992	These data suggest that putrescine uptake in IEC-6 cells may be regulated by a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent mechanism.	Putrescine	24-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
1616003-0	1992	Ca2+/calmodulin regulation of putrescine uptake in cultured gastrointestinal epithelial cells.	Putrescine	30-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
1590809-2	1992	The addition of two different anti-calmodulin drugs, trifluoroperazine (7.5 microM) or W13 (10 micrograms/ml), to the media at 4 h after proliferative activation, inhibits DNA synthesis by 55% and 80%, respectively.	Trifluoperazine	53-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
1616003-10	1992	Finally, use of the putative calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide caused a dose-dependent inhibition of [14C]putrescine uptake with 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 7 microM.	n-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide	51-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1616003-10	1992	Finally, use of the putative calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-l-naphthalenesulfonamide caused a dose-dependent inhibition of [14C]putrescine uptake with 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 7 microM.	Carbon-14	141-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	Trifluoperazine	52-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	Dibucaine	85-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	Prenylamine	96-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	calmidazolium	109-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	Ascorbic Acid	226-235	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1636058-1	1992	Several calmodulin antagonists, W-7, amitriptyline, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, dibucaine, prenylamine, calmidazolium, and compound 48/80, inhibited lipid peroxidation induced non-enzymatically in rat brain homogenate by ascorbate and Fe2+.	ammonium ferrous sulfate	240-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1375789-3	1992	RESULTS: After 24 hours of reperfusion, decreased calmodulin staining, representing increased calcium influx and calcium-calmodulin binding, correlated with increasing durations of ischemia across all brain regions.	Calcium	94-101	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
1375789-9	1992	Surviving neuronal populations showed recovery of calmodulin staining 7 days after ischemia, representing a return of free calmodulin and normal calcium homeostasis.	Calcium	145-152	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
1375789-10	1992	CONCLUSIONS: These correlations between calcium-calmodulin binding, histological damage, and duration of ischemia support the causal role of calcium influx in global ischemic injury and suggest the need for very rapid intervention after ischemia if calcium-mediated damage is to be prevented.	Calcium	40-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
1375789-10	1992	CONCLUSIONS: These correlations between calcium-calmodulin binding, histological damage, and duration of ischemia support the causal role of calcium influx in global ischemic injury and suggest the need for very rapid intervention after ischemia if calcium-mediated damage is to be prevented.	Calcium	141-148	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
1317705-3	1992	The enzyme was purified 3000-fold using phosphocellulose and calmodulin-Agarose column chromatography.	Sepharose	72-79	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
1590809-2	1992	The addition of two different anti-calmodulin drugs, trifluoroperazine (7.5 microM) or W13 (10 micrograms/ml), to the media at 4 h after proliferative activation, inhibits DNA synthesis by 55% and 80%, respectively.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	87-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
1590809-3	1992	The blockade of calmodulin produced by trifluoroperazine allows the cells to progress through G1 phase but stops progression through S phase as determined by 5-Bromo deoxyuridine labeling.	Trifluoperazine	39-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
1590809-3	1992	The blockade of calmodulin produced by trifluoroperazine allows the cells to progress through G1 phase but stops progression through S phase as determined by 5-Bromo deoxyuridine labeling.	Bromodeoxyuridine	158-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Acetylcholine	48-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1587347-6	1992	Analyses of whole liver membranes demonstrated that C-CAM is one of five major proteins that bind calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner.	Calcium	114-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-108
1324704-1	1992	Rat liver inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins (1,4,5)P3] 3-kinase was purified in high yield by a three-step procedure reliant upon chromatography on heparin and calmodulin agarose.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	10-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-170
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Adenosine Triphosphate	63-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Calcimycin	93-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	calmidazolium	204-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	W 7	219-222	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Nitrogen	228-231	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide	233-279	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	hydrochloride	281-294	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Fendiline	296-305	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1374468-2	1992	The endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by acetylcholine, ATP and the calcium ionophore A23187 (which are mediated by the constitutive nitric oxide synthase) were inhibited by calmodulin inhibitors [calmidazolium, W-7 and (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide, hydrochloride, fendiline] and by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, nitro L-arginine.	Nitroarginine	353-369	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
1552187-3	1992	The expression of calmodulin (CaM) mRNA was analyzed by ISH with an anti-sense digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe and BrdU incorporation by indirect ICC.	Digoxigenin	79-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
1380492-1	1992	Sublethal doses of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to 15 and 21 day old rat pups induced regional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) in the levels of total RNA, total proteins, modulatory protein Calmodulin (CaM), in the activity levels of membrane bound enzyme Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholipids.	Methyl Parathion	19-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	265-275
1380492-1	1992	Sublethal doses of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to 15 and 21 day old rat pups induced regional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) in the levels of total RNA, total proteins, modulatory protein Calmodulin (CaM), in the activity levels of membrane bound enzyme Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholipids.	Methyl Parathion	19-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	277-280
1380492-1	1992	Sublethal doses of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to 15 and 21 day old rat pups induced regional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) in the levels of total RNA, total proteins, modulatory protein Calmodulin (CaM), in the activity levels of membrane bound enzyme Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholipids.	o,o-dimethyl-o-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate	37-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	265-275
1380492-1	1992	Sublethal doses of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to 15 and 21 day old rat pups induced regional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) in the levels of total RNA, total proteins, modulatory protein Calmodulin (CaM), in the activity levels of membrane bound enzyme Ca(2+)-ATPase and phospholipids.	o,o-dimethyl-o-nitrophenyl- thiophosphate	37-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	277-280
1380492-4	1992	Calmodulin level showed an increase in cerebral cortex and brain stem and decrease in cerebellum and spinal cord in 15 day old methyl parathion treated rat pups.	Methyl Parathion	127-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1380492-5	1992	Whereas the level of Calmodulin decreased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum and increased in brain stem and spinal cord in 21 day old methyl parathion treated rat pups.	Methyl Parathion	134-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-31
1380492-8	1992	In the light of these observations, it has been suggested that the molecular regulatory mechanisms involving Ca2+/CaM are rendered inefficient due to toxic impact of methyl parathion.	Methyl Parathion	166-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
1324053-10	1992	It is concluded that, besides sharing the hypotensive effect of calcium, vitamin D treatment of SHR has an effect on the duodenum smooth muscle which might be due to calmodulin-dependent activation of calcium-dependent potassium channels.	Vitamin D	73-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-176
1320129-6	1992	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 significantly decreased the isoproterenol-induced phosphorylation of phospholamban at [Ca]o 1.35 mM.	W 7	26-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1320129-6	1992	The calmodulin antagonist W-7 significantly decreased the isoproterenol-induced phosphorylation of phospholamban at [Ca]o 1.35 mM.	Isoproterenol	58-71	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1552187-3	1992	The expression of calmodulin (CaM) mRNA was analyzed by ISH with an anti-sense digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe and BrdU incorporation by indirect ICC.	Digoxigenin	79-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1552187-4	1992	Starting 5 days after BrdU injection, a few tufted and granular neurons of the olfactory bulb were observed to be double labeled for CaM mRNA and BrdU.	Bromodeoxyuridine	22-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
1372804-8	1992	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited amylase secretion induced by isoproterenol plus carbamylcholine or carbamylcholine alone, but not that induced by isoproterenol alone.	Isoproterenol	62-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1314092-0	1992	Cyclic AMP selectively up-regulates calmodulin genes I and II in PC12 cells.	Cyclic AMP	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1314092-3	1992	In the present study we found that treating PC12 cells with dibutyryl cyclic AMP also differentially increased the levels of the calmodulin mRNAs.	Bucladesine	60-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-139
1314092-4	1992	However, dibutyryl cyclic AMP produced increases as early as 3 to 6 h, with the greatest increase (about 3-fold) being seen in the level of the 1.7 kb mRNA transcribed from calmodulin gene I.	Bucladesine	9-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-183
1314092-7	1992	Pretreatment with cycloheximide blocked the increase in the 4.1 kb calmodulin mRNA induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but only partially blocked the increase in the 1.4 kb and 1.7 kb transcripts.	Cycloheximide	18-31	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
1314092-7	1992	Pretreatment with cycloheximide blocked the increase in the 4.1 kb calmodulin mRNA induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, but only partially blocked the increase in the 1.4 kb and 1.7 kb transcripts.	Bucladesine	94-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
1314092-9	1992	These studies show that, like nerve growth factor, cyclic AMP can selectively up-regulate the transcripts from calmodulin genes in PC12 cells, but the time-course and type of transcripts induced by cyclic AMP are distinct.	Cyclic AMP	51-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
1372804-8	1992	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited amylase secretion induced by isoproterenol plus carbamylcholine or carbamylcholine alone, but not that induced by isoproterenol alone.	Carbachol	81-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1372804-8	1992	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited amylase secretion induced by isoproterenol plus carbamylcholine or carbamylcholine alone, but not that induced by isoproterenol alone.	Carbachol	100-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1372804-8	1992	Calmodulin antagonists inhibited amylase secretion induced by isoproterenol plus carbamylcholine or carbamylcholine alone, but not that induced by isoproterenol alone.	Isoproterenol	147-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1667813-0	1991	Calmodulin antagonists and protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid fasten the "run-up" of high-voltage activated calcium current in rat hippocampal neurones.	Calcium	116-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1387538-0	1992	Isolation and characterization of a new Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from isoproterenol-stimulated proliferating rat parotid acinar cells.	Isoproterenol	86-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
1387538-1	1992	A new Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent serine kinase was isolated from rat parotid gland acinar cells following chronic treatment with the beta-agonist isoproterenol.	Isoproterenol	145-158	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
1387538-2	1992	A single-step purification was performed on a calmodulin-agarose affinity column, following solubilization with Triton X-100.	Sepharose	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-56
1310009-8	1992	Another calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, did not stimulate steroidogenesis.	Trifluoperazine	30-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-18
1571203-3	1992	A cyclic AMP-specific activity, unaffected by the presence of calcium and calmodulin and inhibited by rolipram, was the major soluble phosphodiesterase.	Cyclic AMP	2-12	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
1529774-0	1992	Effects of low ionic strength and calmodulin on the decline in maximal calcium-activated force in permeabilized smooth muscle.	Calcium	71-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1283979-2	1992	Calmodulin inhibitor (W-7, 100 microM) and Ca2+/CaM kinase II inhibitor (KN-62, 10 microM) reduced amylase secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) or carbachol.	W 7	22-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1283979-2	1992	Calmodulin inhibitor (W-7, 100 microM) and Ca2+/CaM kinase II inhibitor (KN-62, 10 microM) reduced amylase secretion stimulated by cholecystokinin (CCK) or carbachol.	Carbachol	156-165	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1667813-3	1991	Pretreatment of cells with calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine or W-13) or protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, fastened the development of IHVA.	Trifluoperazine	51-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1667813-3	1991	Pretreatment of cells with calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine or W-13) or protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, fastened the development of IHVA.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	70-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1667813-3	1991	Pretreatment of cells with calmodulin antagonists (trifluoperazine or W-13) or protein phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid, fastened the development of IHVA.	ihva	152-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
1667813-6	1991	The effects of all inhibitors studied allow to suggest that IHVA in intact cells is largely masked due to activity of calmodulin-activated protein phosphatase.	ihva	60-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
1799872-0	1991	Alterations in calmodulin content and localization in areas of rat brain after repeated intermittent amphetamine.	Amphetamine	101-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1660262-0	1991	Identification of residues essential for catalysis and binding of calmodulin in rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase.	inositol 1,4	90-102	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
1660262-1	1991	In order to identify the amino acid residues involved in calmodulin (CaM) binding and catalytic activity, rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) 3-kinase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein [clone C5; Takazawa, Vandekerckhove, Dumont &amp; Erneux (1990) Biochem.	Inositol	116-124	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
1660262-1	1991	In order to identify the amino acid residues involved in calmodulin (CaM) binding and catalytic activity, rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) 3-kinase was expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein [clone C5; Takazawa, Vandekerckhove, Dumont &amp; Erneux (1990) Biochem.	,4,5-trisphosphate	126-144	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
1660262-5	1991	The results show that the removal of 34 amino acids from the C-terminal end of InsP3 3-kinase resulted in an inactive protein which still interacted with CaM-Sepharose in a Ca2(+)-dependent way.	Sepharose	158-167	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
1660262-9	1991	Affinity chromatography on CaM-Sepharose of 5" and 3" deletion mutants revealed that the sequence stretching from Ser-156 to Leu-189 is involved in CaM binding and enzyme stimulation.	Sepharose	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1660262-9	1991	Affinity chromatography on CaM-Sepharose of 5" and 3" deletion mutants revealed that the sequence stretching from Ser-156 to Leu-189 is involved in CaM binding and enzyme stimulation.	Sepharose	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
1799872-1	1991	To assess whether calmodulin (CaM) could have a role in the behavioral sensitization induced by repeated intermittent amphetamine, CaM content was determined in several brain areas from rats repeatedly administered saline or amphetamine.	Amphetamine	118-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-28
1799872-4	1991	In the withdrawn group, CaM was significantly increased in both striatal membranes and cytosol and in the mesolimbic membranes from amphetamine-treated rats.	Amphetamine	132-143	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
1799872-8	1991	In the withdrawn group, challenge with a low dose of amphetamine (1 mg/kg) elicited a translocation of CaM from membranes to cytosol in the striatum and limbic forebrain of rats repeatedly treated with amphetamine, but not in saline-treated rats.	Amphetamine	53-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1799872-8	1991	In the withdrawn group, challenge with a low dose of amphetamine (1 mg/kg) elicited a translocation of CaM from membranes to cytosol in the striatum and limbic forebrain of rats repeatedly treated with amphetamine, but not in saline-treated rats.	Amphetamine	202-213	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1799872-9	1991	Our findings that the change in CaM occurs in striatum and limbic forebrain, requires time after treatment to develop and exhibits persistence after withdrawal correlate with known characteristics of behavioral sensitization to amphetamine.	Amphetamine	228-239	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
1799872-10	1991	These results suggest that CaM could contribute to neurochemical events underlying behavioral sensitization to amphetamine.	Amphetamine	111-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1821485-3	1991	Therefore, the possible role of nigrostriatal dopamine systems regulating the expression of CaM-dependent enzymes was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats by using surgical hemitransections of brain, 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, and chronic haloperidol treatments.	Dopamine	46-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
1915093-10	1991	The Ca/calmodulin inhibitor trifluoroperazine also inhibited insulin secretion by 75-80% during 1-3 h and continued to exert inhibitory effects through 23 h of continuous administration.	Trifluoperazine	28-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-17
1915093-11	1991	We conclude that even though insulin secretion has desensitized to glucose, 1) Ca2+ entry is unchanged and is still regulated by glucose, 2) voltage-dependent Ca channels are still sensitive to blockade by acute verapamil, but can desensitize to chronic verapamil; 3) stimulus-enhanced C-kinase activity may be especially labile during glucose-induced desensitization, while 4) possible Ca/calmodulin potentiation of secretion persists through the three secretory phases.	Glucose	67-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	390-400
1745442-4	1991	Amiodarone, an antiarrhythmic drug is associated with some neurologic and pulmonary side effects and has been shown to interact with calmodulin.	Amiodarone	0-10	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
1912486-5	1991	An N-terminal catalytic domain with greatest homology to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II from rat brain is coupled to a C-terminal calcium-binding domain resembling calmodulin.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-75
1912486-5	1991	An N-terminal catalytic domain with greatest homology to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II from rat brain is coupled to a C-terminal calcium-binding domain resembling calmodulin.	Calcium	57-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-195
1912486-6	1991	These features of the primary sequence explain how CDPK binds calcium and suggest a model for CDPK regulation based on similarities to animal calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases.	Calcium	62-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-160
1928327-0	1991	Inhibition of phorbol ester-induced contraction by calmodulin antagonists in rat aorta.	Phorbol Esters	14-27	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
1928327-1	1991	The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relative roles of protein kinase C (PKC) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in phorbol ester-induced contraction of vascular smooth muscle through the use of PKC and calmodulin antagonists.	Phorbol Esters	137-150	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	224-234
1928327-3	1991	Prior exposure to the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (3 and 10 microM) and W-7 (10 microM) inhibited contractions to PMA in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, while contractions to norepinephrine and KCl remained relatively unaffected.	calmidazolium	45-58	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
1928327-3	1991	Prior exposure to the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (3 and 10 microM) and W-7 (10 microM) inhibited contractions to PMA in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, while contractions to norepinephrine and KCl remained relatively unaffected.	W 7	81-84	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
1928327-3	1991	Prior exposure to the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (3 and 10 microM) and W-7 (10 microM) inhibited contractions to PMA in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, while contractions to norepinephrine and KCl remained relatively unaffected.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	123-126	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
1928327-3	1991	Prior exposure to the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (3 and 10 microM) and W-7 (10 microM) inhibited contractions to PMA in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, while contractions to norepinephrine and KCl remained relatively unaffected.	Norepinephrine	200-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
1928327-3	1991	Prior exposure to the calmodulin antagonists calmidazolium (3 and 10 microM) and W-7 (10 microM) inhibited contractions to PMA in the presence and absence of extracellular Ca2+, while contractions to norepinephrine and KCl remained relatively unaffected.	Potassium Chloride	219-222	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-32
1928327-6	1991	These results suggest that 1) the calmodulin antagonists inhibit the development of PMA-induced contraction, at least in part, through inhibition of PKC translocation; 2) the mechanisms of phorbol ester- and agonist-induced translocation of PKC are distinct; 3) the potencies and inhibitory mechanisms of these agents depend on whether the agents are added before or during the contraction; and 4) the selectivity of these agents, as evaluated in enzyme preparations, may not be consistent with their cellular actions.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	84-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1928327-6	1991	These results suggest that 1) the calmodulin antagonists inhibit the development of PMA-induced contraction, at least in part, through inhibition of PKC translocation; 2) the mechanisms of phorbol ester- and agonist-induced translocation of PKC are distinct; 3) the potencies and inhibitory mechanisms of these agents depend on whether the agents are added before or during the contraction; and 4) the selectivity of these agents, as evaluated in enzyme preparations, may not be consistent with their cellular actions.	Phorbol Esters	189-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
1660513-4	1991	The eluted protein from a calmodulin-coupled Sepharose 4B column with EGTA was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which revealed a major protein band of Mr 50,000.	Sepharose	45-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1660513-4	1991	The eluted protein from a calmodulin-coupled Sepharose 4B column with EGTA was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which revealed a major protein band of Mr 50,000.	Egtazic Acid	70-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1660513-4	1991	The eluted protein from a calmodulin-coupled Sepharose 4B column with EGTA was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which revealed a major protein band of Mr 50,000.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	91-114	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1821485-3	1991	Therefore, the possible role of nigrostriatal dopamine systems regulating the expression of CaM-dependent enzymes was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats by using surgical hemitransections of brain, 6-hydroxydopamine lesions, and chronic haloperidol treatments.	Haloperidol	233-244	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
1887908-9	1991	Calmodulin was significantly decreased by dietary calcium in mature WKY (4.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/mg cell protein, P less than 0.03), demonstrating a potential regulation by dietary calcium of this protein.	Calcium	50-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1887879-0	1991	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on hydrogen-translocating shuttles in perfused rat liver.	Hydrogen	37-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
1887908-9	1991	Calmodulin was significantly decreased by dietary calcium in mature WKY (4.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/mg cell protein, P less than 0.03), demonstrating a potential regulation by dietary calcium of this protein.	Calcium	196-203	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1887879-1	1991	The effects of calmodulin antagonists on the capacity of hydrogen-translocating shuttles were studied in the perfused rat liver.	Hydrogen	57-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1892543-8	1991	Finally, both calmodulin inhibitors (10 mumol/l) decreased CRH-41 release induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 (10 mumol/l).	Calcimycin	107-113	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1887879-14	1991	The results suggest that the malate-aspartate shuttle may be regulated by Ca(2+)-calmodulin.	Aspartic Acid	36-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-91
1887908-0	1991	Abnormal intestinal regulation of calbindin-D9K and calmodulin by dietary calcium in genetic hypertension.	Calcium	74-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1821724-0	1991	Calmodulin activity in tissues of Zn- and Ca- deficient rats.	Zinc	34-36	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1821724-6	1991	Compared with the control animals zinc and simultaneous zinc/calcium deficiency reduced calmodulin activity in the muscles and testes, but not in the brain.	Calcium	61-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-98
1911840-1	1991	A proteinase specific for calmodulin has been identified in a crude rat kidney Triton-extracted or sonicated mitochondrial fraction and solubilized by EGTA extraction of these membranes.	Egtazic Acid	151-155	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
1911840-3	1991	This enzyme is active in the presence of EGTA, but not in the presence of calcium, and cleaves calmodulin into three major peptide fragments with Mr 6000, 9000 and 10,000.	Egtazic Acid	41-45	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
1911840-3	1991	This enzyme is active in the presence of EGTA, but not in the presence of calcium, and cleaves calmodulin into three major peptide fragments with Mr 6000, 9000 and 10,000.	Calcium	74-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
1911840-4	1991	N-methylated and non-methylated calmodulins were both cleaved by calmodulin proteinase and while troponin was a poor substrate, it was cleaved in the presence of either calcium or EGTA.	Nitrogen	0-1	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
1911840-4	1991	N-methylated and non-methylated calmodulins were both cleaved by calmodulin proteinase and while troponin was a poor substrate, it was cleaved in the presence of either calcium or EGTA.	Calcium	169-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
1911840-4	1991	N-methylated and non-methylated calmodulins were both cleaved by calmodulin proteinase and while troponin was a poor substrate, it was cleaved in the presence of either calcium or EGTA.	Egtazic Acid	180-184	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
1911840-7	1991	Sequence analysis indicated that calmodulin proteinase cleaves calmodulin at Lys-75.	Lysine	77-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
1911840-7	1991	Sequence analysis indicated that calmodulin proteinase cleaves calmodulin at Lys-75.	Lysine	77-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
1892543-5	1991	Trifluoperazine (1-100 mumol/l), an inhibitor of calmodulin-calcium interaction, decreased both KCl- and veratridine-evoked CRH-41 secretion in a dose-dependent fashion (maximum inhibition of 50% and 30% respectively).	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
1892543-5	1991	Trifluoperazine (1-100 mumol/l), an inhibitor of calmodulin-calcium interaction, decreased both KCl- and veratridine-evoked CRH-41 secretion in a dose-dependent fashion (maximum inhibition of 50% and 30% respectively).	Potassium Chloride	96-99	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
1892543-5	1991	Trifluoperazine (1-100 mumol/l), an inhibitor of calmodulin-calcium interaction, decreased both KCl- and veratridine-evoked CRH-41 secretion in a dose-dependent fashion (maximum inhibition of 50% and 30% respectively).	Veratridine	105-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-59
1892543-6	1991	Similarly, phenytoin, a calmodulin-dependent kinase inhibitor, in the concentration range of 1-100 mumol/l, also decreased depolarization-induced CRH-41 release in a dose-dependent manner.	Phenytoin	11-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-34
1934200-7	1991	We conclude that A23187-induced liver cell injury was inhibited by dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonists which may interfere with activation of calmodulin and C-kinase.	Calcimycin	17-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
1934200-7	1991	We conclude that A23187-induced liver cell injury was inhibited by dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonists which may interfere with activation of calmodulin and C-kinase.	1,4-dihydropyridine	67-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-157
1663112-2	1991	Both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity and its substrate were present in a cytoskeletal fraction, obtained as a pellet after washing of the membrane fraction with 2 mM EGTA, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1% Triton X-100.	Egtazic Acid	184-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
1663112-2	1991	Both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity and its substrate were present in a cytoskeletal fraction, obtained as a pellet after washing of the membrane fraction with 2 mM EGTA, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1% Triton X-100.	Sodium Chloride	196-200	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
1663112-2	1991	Both Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity and its substrate were present in a cytoskeletal fraction, obtained as a pellet after washing of the membrane fraction with 2 mM EGTA, 0.6 M NaCl, and 1% Triton X-100.	Octoxynol	209-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
1663112-4	1991	This endogenous phosphorylation induced by calmodulin was inhibited by the addition of KN-62, a specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner.	KN 62	87-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
1663112-4	1991	This endogenous phosphorylation induced by calmodulin was inhibited by the addition of KN-62, a specific Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner.	KN 62	87-92	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-120
1663112-6	1991	The protein kinase associated with the Triton X-insoluble fraction phosphorylated the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-specific site of synapsin I from the bovine cortex.	Octoxynol	39-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-101
1892543-8	1991	Finally, both calmodulin inhibitors (10 mumol/l) decreased CRH-41 release induced by the calcium ionophore A23187 (10 mumol/l).	Calcium	89-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2013763-6	1991	Addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a phorbol ester, together with phosphatidylserine, stimulated the phosphorylation of the approximately 20K Mr protein in the hypo-osmotically shocked P2 synaptosomal fraction by fivefold, whereas cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and calmodulin did not have any effect on the phosphorylation of this particular protein.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	12-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
1656206-1	1991	The effect of regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein isolated from rat liver cytosol, on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in rat liver cytosol was investigated.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	114-131	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1656206-1	1991	The effect of regucalcin, a calcium-binding protein isolated from rat liver cytosol, on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide (AMP) phosphodiesterase activity in rat liver cytosol was investigated.	Adenosine Monophosphate	133-136	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
1724234-0	1991	Substance P-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells and its inhibition by antiallergic agents and calmodulin inhibitors.	Histamine	20-29	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-125
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	56-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	56-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	56-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	167-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	167-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
1724234-4	1991	Calmodulin inhibitors were also effective in inhibiting histamine release from mast cells induced by substance P. The inhibitory potencies of calmodulin inhibitors on histamine release from mast cells were closely correlated with those exerted on calmodulin activity.	Histamine	167-176	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-257
1876602-11	1991	Addition to the culture medium of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem or the calmodulin antagonist chlorpromazine affects a decrease in beta-cell numbers.	Chlorpromazine	101-115	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
1682018-1	1991	Immunohistochemical distributions of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin in the rat forebrain were analyzed quantitatively to confirm our previous results that the activities of central catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are regulated by a calcium-calmodulin-dependent system.	Catecholamines	186-199	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1682018-1	1991	Immunohistochemical distributions of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin in the rat forebrain were analyzed quantitatively to confirm our previous results that the activities of central catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are regulated by a calcium-calmodulin-dependent system.	Catecholamines	186-199	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-258
1682018-1	1991	Immunohistochemical distributions of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin in the rat forebrain were analyzed quantitatively to confirm our previous results that the activities of central catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are regulated by a calcium-calmodulin-dependent system.	Calcium	240-247	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1682018-1	1991	Immunohistochemical distributions of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin in the rat forebrain were analyzed quantitatively to confirm our previous results that the activities of central catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes are regulated by a calcium-calmodulin-dependent system.	Calcium	240-247	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-258
1682018-7	1991	In the present study, high levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin were distributed in the nucleus accumbens septi and the lateral part of the neostriatum regions in which the amount of dopamine was increased by the intraventricular administration of calcium.	Dopamine	192-200	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1682018-7	1991	In the present study, high levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and calmodulin were distributed in the nucleus accumbens septi and the lateral part of the neostriatum regions in which the amount of dopamine was increased by the intraventricular administration of calcium.	Calcium	257-264	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-72
1682018-8	1991	These findings suggest that the synthesis of central catecholamines is regulated by a calcium-calmodulin-dependent system.	Catecholamines	53-67	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
1653850-19	1991	Calmodulin antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), trifluoroperazine, and calmidazolium, partially blocked the effect of Ca2+.	Trifluoperazine	83-100	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1653850-19	1991	Calmodulin antagonists, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W-7), trifluoroperazine, and calmidazolium, partially blocked the effect of Ca2+.	calmidazolium	106-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2013763-6	1991	Addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a phorbol ester, together with phosphatidylserine, stimulated the phosphorylation of the approximately 20K Mr protein in the hypo-osmotically shocked P2 synaptosomal fraction by fivefold, whereas cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP, and calmodulin did not have any effect on the phosphorylation of this particular protein.	Phorbol Esters	47-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	269-279
1825463-3	1991	These synergistic effects suggest that the activation of a Gs-like GTP-binding protein, together with a (probably calmodulin-dependent) event activated by an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels, may jointly provide a sufficient signal for secretion.	Guanosine Triphosphate	67-70	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-124
1848977-0	1991	Evidence for a role of calmodulin in regulation of pinealocyte cyclic nucleotides.	Nucleotides, Cyclic	63-81	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
1848977-5	1991	By contrast, all three Ca2+/calmodulin inhibitors reduced the NE-stimulated cAMP and cGMP responses.	Cyclic AMP	76-80	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
1848977-5	1991	By contrast, all three Ca2+/calmodulin inhibitors reduced the NE-stimulated cAMP and cGMP responses.	Cyclic GMP	85-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
1848977-10	1991	All three calmodulin antagonists were effective in inhibiting the PMA and K+ potentiation of cGMP responses in ISO-stimulated cells.	Cyclic GMP	93-97	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
1848977-13	1991	These results indicated that apart from the protein kinase C pathway, the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway of signal transduction may be of importance in the regulation of pinealocyte cGMP and, to a lesser degree, cAMP responses.	Cyclic GMP	175-179	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
1848977-13	1991	These results indicated that apart from the protein kinase C pathway, the Ca2+/calmodulin pathway of signal transduction may be of importance in the regulation of pinealocyte cGMP and, to a lesser degree, cAMP responses.	Cyclic AMP	205-209	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-89
2054651-0	1991	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake.	Sodium	37-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
2054651-0	1991	Effects of calmodulin antagonists on sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake.	Choline	68-75	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-21
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	Trifluoperazine	27-42	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	Trifluoperazine	44-47	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	Promethazine	60-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	Haloperidol	77-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	Tritium	154-156	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2054651-3	1991	CaM antagonists, including trifluoperazine (TFP), W-5, W-7, promethazine and haloperidol, dose-dependently inhibited potassium depolarization-stimulated [3H]HCh-3 binding with IC50s of 20, 40, 70, 30 and 48 (microM), respectively.	alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane	157-160	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1655490-0	1991	Interactions of calmodulin antagonists with calcium antagonists binding sites.	Calcium	44-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-26
1655490-1	1991	Calmodulin antagonists have calcium entry blocking properties.	Calcium	28-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1655490-3	1991	The potency of most antagonists to inhibit [3H]nitrendipine binding was correlated with their calmodulin inhibitory potency.	[3h]nitrendipine	43-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-104
2026250-2	1991	Luminescence of Tb3+ ions bound to a calmodulin fragment has been studied.	tb3+	16-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
2026250-8	1991	Such an analysis has been made for a fragment of the IIIrd calcium binding domain of rat testis calmodulin.	Calcium	59-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
1652964-0	1991	In vivo effects of cadmium on calmodulin and calmodulin regulated enzymes in rat brain.	Cadmium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
1652964-0	1991	In vivo effects of cadmium on calmodulin and calmodulin regulated enzymes in rat brain.	Cadmium	19-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-55
1652964-6	1991	These data suggest that Cd may be acting via binding to CaM and uncoupling it from its normal cellular control of calcium.	Cadmium	24-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
1848792-3	1991	Preliminary results obtained with the novel calmodulin inhibitor CGS 9343B, which blocked the elevation of cAMP, and with the cyclogenase inhibitor indomethacin, which partially blocked the actions of the agonists but not those of high K+, suggest that calmodulin and arachidonate metabolites may be two components of the signaling pathway.	cysteinylglycine	65-68	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1704867-0	1991	Carbon tetrachloride-induced alterations of hepatic calmodulin and free calcium levels in rats pretreated with chlordecone.	Carbon Tetrachloride	0-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1704867-0	1991	Carbon tetrachloride-induced alterations of hepatic calmodulin and free calcium levels in rats pretreated with chlordecone.	Chlordecone	111-122	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
1704867-3	1991	Since calmodulin plays a major role in Ca2(+)-regulated events and has been reported to be localized in mitotic apparatus during cell division, we have assessed subcellular distribution of calmodulin and estimated cytosolic phosphorylase a to indicate cytosolic free Ca2+ levels in livers of rats fed 0 ppm or 10 ppm (chlordecone) in the diet for 15 days before CCl4 (100 microliters/kg) administration to understand the role of Ca2(+)-calmodulin in chlordecone + CCl4 toxicity.	Chlordecone	318-329	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
1704867-3	1991	Since calmodulin plays a major role in Ca2(+)-regulated events and has been reported to be localized in mitotic apparatus during cell division, we have assessed subcellular distribution of calmodulin and estimated cytosolic phosphorylase a to indicate cytosolic free Ca2+ levels in livers of rats fed 0 ppm or 10 ppm (chlordecone) in the diet for 15 days before CCl4 (100 microliters/kg) administration to understand the role of Ca2(+)-calmodulin in chlordecone + CCl4 toxicity.	Chlordecone	450-461	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-16
1703296-3	1991	With calmodulin and NADPH as cofactors, purified soluble GAF synthase induced an increase of 1.05 mumol of cGMP per 10(6) RFL-6 cells per 3 min per mg of protein.	Cyclic GMP	107-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-15
1666341-0	1991	The calcium-induced curvature reversal of rat sperm is potentiated by cAMP and inhibited by anti-calmodulin.	Calcium	4-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-107
1991044-3	1991	Antagonism of calmodulin action prolonged the decrease in expressed/total activity ratio induced by vasopressin plus glucagon.	Glucagon	117-125	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
1849752-1	1991	In an effort to characterize the second messenger system for LH release, we have previously identified five calmodulin-binding proteins in rat gonadotropes of Mr greater than 205,000, 200,000, 135,000, 60,000, and 52,000.	Luteinizing Hormone	61-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
1848792-3	1991	Preliminary results obtained with the novel calmodulin inhibitor CGS 9343B, which blocked the elevation of cAMP, and with the cyclogenase inhibitor indomethacin, which partially blocked the actions of the agonists but not those of high K+, suggest that calmodulin and arachidonate metabolites may be two components of the signaling pathway.	9343b	69-74	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-54
1810811-0	1991	The long-term treatment with the Ca(2+)-antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, flunarizine and with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine decreases the activity of 5-HT1 receptors in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus.	Trifluoperazine	122-137	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
1653697-2	1991	Calmodulin (CaM) isolated from brains of Cd exposed rats showed a decreased ability to stimulate CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) as compared to that purified from unexposed animals.	Cadmium	41-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1653697-2	1991	Calmodulin (CaM) isolated from brains of Cd exposed rats showed a decreased ability to stimulate CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) as compared to that purified from unexposed animals.	Cadmium	41-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
1653697-2	1991	Calmodulin (CaM) isolated from brains of Cd exposed rats showed a decreased ability to stimulate CaM-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) as compared to that purified from unexposed animals.	Cadmium	41-43	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Cadmium	80-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Cadmium	80-82	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Aluminum	142-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Aluminum	142-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	ALUMINUM ION	153-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	ALUMINUM ION	153-157	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Lead	166-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Manganese	173-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Manganese	173-182	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Manganese(2+)	184-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Manganese(2+)	184-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Vanadium	194-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
1653697-3	1991	There was a dose dependent inhibition of CaM activity when CaM (from normal and Cd exposed rats) was incubated with different molar ratios of aluminium (Al3+), lead (Pb2+), manganese (Mn2+) and vanadium (V5+).	Vanadium	194-202	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1653697-4	1991	Regression analysis of rat brain CaM activity versus varying metal ion concentration demonstrated negative slopes.	Metals	61-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
1653697-5	1991	However, CaM from the brains of Cd exposed rats was less sensitive to these metals in comparison to the normal rat brain CaM.	Cadmium	32-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
1810811-5	1991	The dissociation constant (Kd) was increased after the treatment with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	96-111	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-84
1907579-9	1991	At concentrations relevant for calmodulin antagonistic activity strong inhibition by W7 and trifluoperazine (25-100 microM each), but not by CGS 9343B (10 microM), was observed.	Trifluoperazine	92-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
1907579-11	1991	Calmodulin antagonists of phenothiazine- and sulfonamide-type appear to block the fatty acid methyltransferase in a way unrelated to calmodulin.	phenothiazine	26-39	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1907579-11	1991	Calmodulin antagonists of phenothiazine- and sulfonamide-type appear to block the fatty acid methyltransferase in a way unrelated to calmodulin.	Sulfonamides	45-56	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1710752-2	1991	Based on these data, we decided to evaluate the in vivo effect of anti-calmodulin drugs (trifluoperazine and W7) on basal and estradiol-17 beta stimulated levels of PRL mRNA in anterior pituitary lobes obtained from adult male rats.	Trifluoperazine	89-104	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-81
1667304-0	1991	Changes in benzodiazepine receptors of rat brain after long-term treatment with the Ca(2+)-antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, flunarizine and with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine.	Trifluoperazine	173-188	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
1667304-2	1991	The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to benzodiazepine receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (membrane fraction P2) was studied after 13-day oral treatment of male Wistar rats with the Ca(2+)-antagonists nifedipine (20 mg/kg), verapamil (50 mg/kg), flunarizine (10 mg/kg) and with the calmodulin (CaM)-antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) (3 mg/kg).	Flunitrazepam	15-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	292-302
1667304-2	1991	The binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to benzodiazepine receptors in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus (membrane fraction P2) was studied after 13-day oral treatment of male Wistar rats with the Ca(2+)-antagonists nifedipine (20 mg/kg), verapamil (50 mg/kg), flunarizine (10 mg/kg) and with the calmodulin (CaM)-antagonist trifluoperazine (TFP) (3 mg/kg).	Flunitrazepam	15-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	304-307
1779940-0	1991	The influence of calmodulin antagonists on calcium transport and uptake in the rat intestine.	Calcium	43-50	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
1779940-2	1991	The CaM antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) which were added separately to the media bathing both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM.	Trifluoperazine	20-35	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1779940-2	1991	The CaM antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) which were added separately to the media bathing both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM.	Trifluoperazine	37-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1779940-2	1991	The CaM antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) which were added separately to the media bathing both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM.	Chlorpromazine	46-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1779940-2	1991	The CaM antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) which were added separately to the media bathing both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM.	Chlorpromazine	62-65	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1779940-2	1991	The CaM antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) which were added separately to the media bathing both the mucosal and serosal surfaces of duodenal segments decreased calcium transport and tissue uptake in a dose-related fashion over a concentration range of 0.1-1 mM.	Calcium	185-192	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
1779940-6	1991	Although TFP and CPZ are not entirely specific CaM antagonists at the concentrations used in this study, the results indicate that CaM antagonism by TFP and CPZ decreases active calcium transport and calcium uptake in duodenal segments of rat intestine in a dose-related fashion.	Calcium	178-185	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
1779940-6	1991	Although TFP and CPZ are not entirely specific CaM antagonists at the concentrations used in this study, the results indicate that CaM antagonism by TFP and CPZ decreases active calcium transport and calcium uptake in duodenal segments of rat intestine in a dose-related fashion.	Calcium	200-207	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
1779940-7	1991	Therefore, the present study together with the reports of other investigators suggests that CaM is involved in the mediation of calcium translocation in intestinal tissue in a fashion which is similar to that reported in other biological tissue.	Calcium	128-135	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
1658682-1	1991	The calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase represents an important junction between the Ca2+ and the cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP second messenger systems.	Cyclic AMP	119-129	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1658682-1	1991	The calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase represents an important junction between the Ca2+ and the cyclic AMP/cyclic GMP second messenger systems.	Cyclic GMP	130-140	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
1977818-6	1990	However, calmodulin antagonists considerably inhibited radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of ferric (Fe3+) ions.	Ferric enterobactin ion	111-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
1701970-0	1990	Calmodulin and insulin secretion: use of naphthalenesulfonamide compounds.	naphthalenesulfonamide	41-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1701970-3	1990	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide HCl (W-13) inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets over the concentration range appropriate for an action involving calmodulin.	W-13 Hydrochloride	0-54	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
1701970-3	1990	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide HCl (W-13) inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets over the concentration range appropriate for an action involving calmodulin.	N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide	56-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	201-211
1963559-2	1990	Based on the free calcium ion concentration-dependence of the enzymic activity, it was found that the stimulatory effect of CaM and GTP on adenylate cyclase was synergistic with maximum activation at pCa 6.2 for both striatal and cortical membranes.	Calcium	18-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
1963559-4	1990	Added CaM not only enhanced the adenylate cyclase activity but acted cooperatively with dopaminergic or beta-adrenergic agonists in the presence of GTP.	Guanosine Triphosphate	148-151	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
1977818-6	1990	However, calmodulin antagonists considerably inhibited radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of ferric (Fe3+) ions.	ferric sulfate	119-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
2203682-4	1990	The direct action of the diuretics on renin-producing cells was examined in isolated glomeruli; a rise in renin release was observed with the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine (10(-5) M).	Trifluoperazine	163-178	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-152
2145422-0	1990	Repeated amphetamine administration alters the interaction between D1-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity and calmodulin in rat striatum.	Amphetamine	9-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-121
2145422-4	1990	In striatal membranes from rats chronically treated with saline and withdrawn 4 weeks, calmodulin increased SKF38393-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by 195% over that seen in the presence of GTP alone.	Sodium Chloride	57-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2145422-4	1990	In striatal membranes from rats chronically treated with saline and withdrawn 4 weeks, calmodulin increased SKF38393-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by 195% over that seen in the presence of GTP alone.	2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine	108-116	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2145422-4	1990	In striatal membranes from rats chronically treated with saline and withdrawn 4 weeks, calmodulin increased SKF38393-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity by 195% over that seen in the presence of GTP alone.	Guanosine Triphosphate	196-199	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
2145422-7	1990	Although the repeated amphetamine treatment abolished the potentiative response to calmodulin, this treatment significantly increased the calmodulin content in the striatal cytosol by 40%.	Amphetamine	22-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-93
2148954-6	1990	N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalene-sulfonamide (W-7, 10(-7)M), a potent calmodulin inhibitor, or ryanodine (10(-8)M) had similar inhibitory action against the pressure-induced increase of ANP release.	W 7	0-51	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
2148801-7	1990	Calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and compound 48/80 did not affect the ATPase activity.	Trifluoperazine	23-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1700224-7	1990	These results are consistent with the additional finding that cicletanine inhibited Ca2(+)-calmodulin (CaM) cyclic GMP PDE and zaprinast-sensitive cyclic GMP specific PDE over a concentration range (10-600 microM) similar to that for vasorelaxation.	cicletanine	62-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-101
1700224-7	1990	These results are consistent with the additional finding that cicletanine inhibited Ca2(+)-calmodulin (CaM) cyclic GMP PDE and zaprinast-sensitive cyclic GMP specific PDE over a concentration range (10-600 microM) similar to that for vasorelaxation.	cicletanine	62-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
1700224-7	1990	These results are consistent with the additional finding that cicletanine inhibited Ca2(+)-calmodulin (CaM) cyclic GMP PDE and zaprinast-sensitive cyclic GMP specific PDE over a concentration range (10-600 microM) similar to that for vasorelaxation.	Cyclic GMP	108-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-101
1700224-7	1990	These results are consistent with the additional finding that cicletanine inhibited Ca2(+)-calmodulin (CaM) cyclic GMP PDE and zaprinast-sensitive cyclic GMP specific PDE over a concentration range (10-600 microM) similar to that for vasorelaxation.	Cyclic GMP	108-118	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
2177680-0	1990	Hepatic calcium-binding protein regucalcin decreases Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity in rat liver cytosol.	Calcium	8-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
2222970-4	1990	In Wistar rats, which were fed a high sodium diet (3.5%), BP significantly increased (P less than .01) from 106 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in parallel to an elevation of the CaM activator from 1.57 +/- 0.14 to 2.80 +/- 0.18 U. WKY, SHR, and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS/JR) and salt-resistant (DR/JR) rats were given low (0.15%) or high (2.5%) Ca diets, both with 1% sodium.	Sodium	38-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2222970-4	1990	In Wistar rats, which were fed a high sodium diet (3.5%), BP significantly increased (P less than .01) from 106 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in parallel to an elevation of the CaM activator from 1.57 +/- 0.14 to 2.80 +/- 0.18 U. WKY, SHR, and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS/JR) and salt-resistant (DR/JR) rats were given low (0.15%) or high (2.5%) Ca diets, both with 1% sodium.	dahl	239-243	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2222970-4	1990	In Wistar rats, which were fed a high sodium diet (3.5%), BP significantly increased (P less than .01) from 106 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in parallel to an elevation of the CaM activator from 1.57 +/- 0.14 to 2.80 +/- 0.18 U. WKY, SHR, and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS/JR) and salt-resistant (DR/JR) rats were given low (0.15%) or high (2.5%) Ca diets, both with 1% sodium.	Salts	244-248	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2222970-4	1990	In Wistar rats, which were fed a high sodium diet (3.5%), BP significantly increased (P less than .01) from 106 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in parallel to an elevation of the CaM activator from 1.57 +/- 0.14 to 2.80 +/- 0.18 U. WKY, SHR, and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS/JR) and salt-resistant (DR/JR) rats were given low (0.15%) or high (2.5%) Ca diets, both with 1% sodium.	Salts	271-275	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2222970-4	1990	In Wistar rats, which were fed a high sodium diet (3.5%), BP significantly increased (P less than .01) from 106 +/- 4 to 128 +/- 8 mm Hg in parallel to an elevation of the CaM activator from 1.57 +/- 0.14 to 2.80 +/- 0.18 U. WKY, SHR, and Dahl salt-sensitive (DS/JR) and salt-resistant (DR/JR) rats were given low (0.15%) or high (2.5%) Ca diets, both with 1% sodium.	Sodium	360-366	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2177680-7	1990	In the presence of regucalcin (1.0 microM), trifluoperazine (50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly decreased the cytosolic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity.	Trifluoperazine	44-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
2177680-7	1990	In the presence of regucalcin (1.0 microM), trifluoperazine (50 microM), an antagonist of calmodulin, significantly decreased the cytosolic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity.	Trifluoperazine	44-59	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
2162378-0	1990	Calmodulin involvement in stress- and corticosterone-induced down-regulation of cyclic AMP-generating systems in brain.	Corticosterone	38-52	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2162378-0	1990	Calmodulin involvement in stress- and corticosterone-induced down-regulation of cyclic AMP-generating systems in brain.	Cyclic AMP	80-90	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2162378-2	1990	Calcium has been implicated in this alpha-receptor-mediated response, which may involve activation of phospholipases A2 and C and/or calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase.	Calcium	0-7	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-143
2162378-3	1990	We therefore investigated the effects of stress and corticosterone (CORT) on membrane calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase and noradrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in brain slices.	Corticosterone	52-66	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2162378-3	1990	We therefore investigated the effects of stress and corticosterone (CORT) on membrane calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase and noradrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in brain slices.	Corticosterone	68-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2162378-8	1990	In parallel with calmodulin adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by noradrenaline in slices of cerebral cortex was suppressed by both stress and daily CORT injections, with smaller effects observed with CORT in the drinking water.	Cyclic AMP	47-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2162378-8	1990	In parallel with calmodulin adenylate cyclase, cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by noradrenaline in slices of cerebral cortex was suppressed by both stress and daily CORT injections, with smaller effects observed with CORT in the drinking water.	Norepinephrine	83-96	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-27
2274700-1	1990	Calmodulin is thought to mediate at least some of the effects produced by the elevation of cytosolic calcium in response to a B-cell secretagogue.	Calcium	101-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2193655-6	1990	About 100 mg of recombinant rat calmodulin, purified to over 90% homogeneity by extraction from bacterial lysate followed by phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography, was obtained from 1 liter of E. coli culture.	phenyl-sepharose	125-141	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-42
2364544-1	1990	An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the area on calmodulin coding for the calcium binding domain II on calmodulin was used to study the ontogenetic development of calmodulin mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Oligonucleotides	3-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2364544-1	1990	An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the area on calmodulin coding for the calcium binding domain II on calmodulin was used to study the ontogenetic development of calmodulin mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Oligonucleotides	3-18	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2364544-1	1990	An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the area on calmodulin coding for the calcium binding domain II on calmodulin was used to study the ontogenetic development of calmodulin mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
2364544-1	1990	An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the area on calmodulin coding for the calcium binding domain II on calmodulin was used to study the ontogenetic development of calmodulin mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2364544-1	1990	An oligonucleotide probe complementary to the area on calmodulin coding for the calcium binding domain II on calmodulin was used to study the ontogenetic development of calmodulin mRNA in rat brain using in situ hybridization histochemistry.	Calcium	80-87	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2274700-2	1990	Trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calcium-calmodulin interaction, has been used to test, comparatively with calcium-omission, whether the changes of lipid metabolism accompanying the stimulation of insulin release by glucose and palmitate are dependent on activation by the calcium binding protein.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-51
2274700-4	1990	The apparent dependence on calcium-calmodulin of the "de novo" synthesis of neutral lipids, but not of acidic phospholipids, might reflect a possible regulation of islet phosphatidate phosphohydrolase by calcium.	Calcium	27-34	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
2349599-1	1990	Calcium channel blockers such as nicardipine improve outcome after global cerebral ischemia and may attenuate ischemic neuronal injury by preventing calcium influx and binding to calmodulin.	Nicardipine	33-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-189
1971747-1	1990	In past studies, we have demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic or spontaneously diabetic (BB) animal models, low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase and calmodulin are decreased while a low MW inhibitor of calmodulin is increased.	Streptozocin	46-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
2349599-8	1990	Nicardipine-treated animals had significantly less calcium-calmodulin binding in CA1 and in the dentate after 2 hours of reperfusion.	Nicardipine	0-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
2349599-9	1990	This study demonstrates that in clinically relevant doses nicardipine has a limited effect on calcium-calmodulin binding in selectively vulnerable regions after severe ischemia.	Nicardipine	58-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
1971747-1	1990	In past studies, we have demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic or spontaneously diabetic (BB) animal models, low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase and calmodulin are decreased while a low MW inhibitor of calmodulin is increased.	Streptozocin	46-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
1971747-4	1990	In order to investigate the mechanism of the reduced calmodulin biosynthesis, we probed poly A+ mRNA from control and diabetic rat livers with a calmodulin specific anti-sense oligonucleotide probe and found that the fully diabetic animals, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and genetically diabetic BB, contained markedly reduced levels of calmodulin transcripts.	Oligonucleotides	176-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
1971747-4	1990	In order to investigate the mechanism of the reduced calmodulin biosynthesis, we probed poly A+ mRNA from control and diabetic rat livers with a calmodulin specific anti-sense oligonucleotide probe and found that the fully diabetic animals, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and genetically diabetic BB, contained markedly reduced levels of calmodulin transcripts.	Oligonucleotides	176-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-155
1971747-1	1990	In past studies, we have demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic or spontaneously diabetic (BB) animal models, low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase and calmodulin are decreased while a low MW inhibitor of calmodulin is increased.	boeravinone B	105-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
1971747-1	1990	In past studies, we have demonstrated that in streptozotocin-induced diabetic or spontaneously diabetic (BB) animal models, low Km cAMP phosphodiesterase and calmodulin are decreased while a low MW inhibitor of calmodulin is increased.	boeravinone B	105-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-221
1971747-2	1990	To extend these studies, we have determined the rate of [35S]-methionine incorporation into calmodulin in isolated fat cells from these diabetic animals, i.e. streptozotocin-induced diabetic and the BB rats, spontaneous diabetic rat, non-diabetic rat, and control.	Sulfur-35	57-60	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
1971747-2	1990	To extend these studies, we have determined the rate of [35S]-methionine incorporation into calmodulin in isolated fat cells from these diabetic animals, i.e. streptozotocin-induced diabetic and the BB rats, spontaneous diabetic rat, non-diabetic rat, and control.	Methionine	62-72	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
1971747-3	1990	We found markedly decreased rates of synthesis of calmodulin in the fully diabetic BB rat.	boeravinone B	83-85	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
1971747-4	1990	In order to investigate the mechanism of the reduced calmodulin biosynthesis, we probed poly A+ mRNA from control and diabetic rat livers with a calmodulin specific anti-sense oligonucleotide probe and found that the fully diabetic animals, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and genetically diabetic BB, contained markedly reduced levels of calmodulin transcripts.	Poly A	88-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
1971747-4	1990	In order to investigate the mechanism of the reduced calmodulin biosynthesis, we probed poly A+ mRNA from control and diabetic rat livers with a calmodulin specific anti-sense oligonucleotide probe and found that the fully diabetic animals, streptozotocin-induced diabetic and genetically diabetic BB, contained markedly reduced levels of calmodulin transcripts.	Oligonucleotides	176-191	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
2310376-5	1990	Calmidazolium and other putative calmodulin antagonists exerted an identical action on iron uptake and receptor recycling.	Iron	87-91	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
2155219-9	1990	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W7 (10(-4) M) prevented the stimulation of the exchanger induced by carbachol or epinephrine, but W7 could not block the stimulation produced by A23187 arguing against the involvement of calmodulin in this effect.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2155219-9	1990	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W7 (10(-4) M) prevented the stimulation of the exchanger induced by carbachol or epinephrine, but W7 could not block the stimulation produced by A23187 arguing against the involvement of calmodulin in this effect.	Carbachol	114-123	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2155219-9	1990	The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine and W7 (10(-4) M) prevented the stimulation of the exchanger induced by carbachol or epinephrine, but W7 could not block the stimulation produced by A23187 arguing against the involvement of calmodulin in this effect.	Epinephrine	127-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
2315954-0	1990	Modulation of the course of CCl4-induced liver injury by the anti-calmodulin drug thioridazine.	Thioridazine	82-94	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-76
2158939-8	1990	The results of the present experiments suggest that both the calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive subclasses of cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase play a role in regulating the in vitro and in vivo response to ANF.	Cyclic GMP	123-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
2158939-8	1990	The results of the present experiments suggest that both the calmodulin-sensitive and calmodulin-insensitive subclasses of cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase play a role in regulating the in vitro and in vivo response to ANF.	Cyclic GMP	123-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-96
2191550-5	1990	Activation of adenylate cyclase by calcium-calmodulin may account for the increased production of cyclic AMP in islets stimulated by nutrient secretagogues.	Cyclic AMP	98-108	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2154207-4	1990	In addition, two dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W - 7), attenuated the ouabain"s effect on cAMP production in response to forskolin.	Trifluoperazine	62-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2154207-4	1990	In addition, two dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W - 7), attenuated the ouabain"s effect on cAMP production in response to forskolin.	W 7	82-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2154207-4	1990	In addition, two dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W - 7), attenuated the ouabain"s effect on cAMP production in response to forskolin.	Cyclic AMP	177-181	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
2154207-4	1990	In addition, two dissimilar antagonists of calmodulin, namely trifluoperazine and N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W - 7), attenuated the ouabain"s effect on cAMP production in response to forskolin.	Colforsin	208-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
1964391-0	1990	Capsaicin inhibits calmodulin-mediated oxidative burst in rat macrophages.	Capsaicin	0-9	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
2153338-0	1990	The effects of mercuric chloride on calmodulin-mediated Ca2+ transport in rat brain.	Mercuric Chloride	15-32	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
1964391-1	1990	In this study we seek to elucidate the interaction of capsaicin with the calmodulin mediated signal pathways in macrophages, by comparing its action on macrophage functions with a known calmodulin antagonist, fluphenazine.	Capsaicin	54-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
1964391-1	1990	In this study we seek to elucidate the interaction of capsaicin with the calmodulin mediated signal pathways in macrophages, by comparing its action on macrophage functions with a known calmodulin antagonist, fluphenazine.	Capsaicin	54-63	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
1964391-1	1990	In this study we seek to elucidate the interaction of capsaicin with the calmodulin mediated signal pathways in macrophages, by comparing its action on macrophage functions with a known calmodulin antagonist, fluphenazine.	Fluphenazine	209-221	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-83
1964391-3	1990	Ca2+ ionophore triggered generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fluphenazine (IC50, 20 microM and 12 microM, respectively) and also by capsaicin (IC50, 30 microM and 9 microM, respectively), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of NADPH oxidase.	Superoxides	39-55	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	293-303
1964391-3	1990	Ca2+ ionophore triggered generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fluphenazine (IC50, 20 microM and 12 microM, respectively) and also by capsaicin (IC50, 30 microM and 9 microM, respectively), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of NADPH oxidase.	Hydrogen Peroxide	60-77	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	293-303
1964391-3	1990	Ca2+ ionophore triggered generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fluphenazine (IC50, 20 microM and 12 microM, respectively) and also by capsaicin (IC50, 30 microM and 9 microM, respectively), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of NADPH oxidase.	Fluphenazine	137-149	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	293-303
1964391-3	1990	Ca2+ ionophore triggered generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fluphenazine (IC50, 20 microM and 12 microM, respectively) and also by capsaicin (IC50, 30 microM and 9 microM, respectively), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of NADPH oxidase.	Capsaicin	208-217	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	293-303
1964391-4	1990	In vitro both fluphenazine and capsaicin inhibited Ca2(+)-Mg2+ ATPase and cAMP-phosphodiesterase from macrophages and this inhibition was reversed by exogenous addition of calmodulin.	Fluphenazine	14-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
1964391-4	1990	In vitro both fluphenazine and capsaicin inhibited Ca2(+)-Mg2+ ATPase and cAMP-phosphodiesterase from macrophages and this inhibition was reversed by exogenous addition of calmodulin.	Capsaicin	31-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
1964391-5	1990	Fluorescence studies revealed a direct Ca2+ dependent interaction of capsaicin with calmodulin.	Capsaicin	69-78	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
1964391-6	1990	From these results we suggest that capsaicin acts via calmodulin to inhibit stimulus-induced macrophage oxidative burst and also that calmodulin regulates the oxidative burst in macrophages.	Capsaicin	35-44	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
2078478-6	1990	A second cDNA clone, NI-10, encodes the complete sequence of a segment that is specific to the large cytoplasmic domain (180 kDa) polypeptide of human N-CAM and is very similar to corresponding segments of mouse, chicken, and rat N-CAM.	ni-10	21-26	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
2153606-0	1990	Influence of long-term treatment with the Ca2(+)-antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, flunarizine and with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine on beta-adrenoceptors in rat cerebral cortex.	Trifluoperazine	131-146	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
2379666-2	1990	The effect of calmodulin antagonists on the rate of palmitate oxidation by isolated rat liver mitochondria was studied.	Palmitates	52-61	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
2341018-0	1990	Effects of the Ca2(+)-antagonists nifedipine, verapamil, flunarizine and of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine on muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex.	Trifluoperazine	102-117	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-90
2341018-8	1990	The calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine changed neither the number nor the affinity of muscarinic receptors.	Trifluoperazine	26-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-14
34448569-0	2021	Tetrahydropalmatine Regulates BDNF through TrkB/CAM Interaction to Alleviate the Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine.	tetrahydropalmatine	0-19	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
2168569-3	1990	Trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CHP) are known as phenothiazine derivatives inhibiting cellular enzymatic processes dependent on calmodulin and Ca2+.	Trifluoperazine	0-15	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2168569-3	1990	Trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CHP) are known as phenothiazine derivatives inhibiting cellular enzymatic processes dependent on calmodulin and Ca2+.	Trifluoperazine	17-20	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2168569-3	1990	Trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CHP) are known as phenothiazine derivatives inhibiting cellular enzymatic processes dependent on calmodulin and Ca2+.	Chlorpromazine	26-40	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2168569-3	1990	Trifluoperazine (TFP) and chlorpromazine (CHP) are known as phenothiazine derivatives inhibiting cellular enzymatic processes dependent on calmodulin and Ca2+.	phenothiazine	60-73	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2168569-8	1990	The different action of the phenothiazine derivatives on AC activity can be attributed partly to the different affinity of TFP and CHP for calmodulin and partly to interaction of the inhibitor-calmodulin complex with the phosphodiesterase (PDE) system.	phenothiazine	28-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-149
2168569-8	1990	The different action of the phenothiazine derivatives on AC activity can be attributed partly to the different affinity of TFP and CHP for calmodulin and partly to interaction of the inhibitor-calmodulin complex with the phosphodiesterase (PDE) system.	phenothiazine	28-41	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-203
2343377-0	1990	Anatomical localization of calmodulin mRNA in the rat brain with cloned cDNA and synthetic oligonucleotide probes.	Oligonucleotides	91-106	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-37
2343377-1	1990	Calmodulin is a small, acidic calcium-binding protein that regulates a number of calcium-dependent enzyme activities and is thought to be involved in neurotransmission.	Calcium	30-37	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2343377-1	1990	Calmodulin is a small, acidic calcium-binding protein that regulates a number of calcium-dependent enzyme activities and is thought to be involved in neurotransmission.	Calcium	81-88	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2343377-3	1990	Both the cDNA and oligonucleotide probes revealed a markedly heterogeneous distribution of hybridization signal for calmodulin mRNA in the rat brain.	Oligonucleotides	18-33	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-126
2332935-9	1990	Calmodulin elevated the adenylate cyclase activity significantly (p less than 0.05) in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats as well as in the control rats.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	103-107	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2332935-9	1990	Calmodulin elevated the adenylate cyclase activity significantly (p less than 0.05) in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats as well as in the control rats.	Salts	108-112	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2332935-10	1990	However, enzyme activity with calmodulin in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that in the control rats.	Desoxycorticosterone Acetate	60-64	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
2332935-10	1990	However, enzyme activity with calmodulin in the established DOCA/salt hypertensive rats was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that in the control rats.	Salts	65-69	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
34954214-12	2022	Consistently, Ca2+-dependent, but not Ca2+-independent, interaction between CaM and the cardiac inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is reduced following ovariectomy and is restored by subsequent 17beta-estradiol treatment.	Estradiol	198-214	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
34689832-0	2021	Activation of the EGFR-PI3K-CaM pathway by PRL-1-overexpressing placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorates liver cirrhosis via ER stress-dependent calcium.	Calcium	156-163	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
34689832-13	2021	PRL-1 activated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling via epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which resulted in calcium increase via CaM expression.	Calcium	126-133	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
34448569-0	2021	Tetrahydropalmatine Regulates BDNF through TrkB/CAM Interaction to Alleviate the Neurotoxicity Induced by Methamphetamine.	Methamphetamine	106-121	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
34448569-4	2021	This study aims to explore the important role of BDNF in MA neurotoxicity and whether THP can regulate BDNF through the interaction between tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/calmodulin (CAM) to alleviate the neurotoxicity induced by MA.	tetrahydropalmatine	86-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-184
34448569-4	2021	This study aims to explore the important role of BDNF in MA neurotoxicity and whether THP can regulate BDNF through the interaction between tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)/calmodulin (CAM) to alleviate the neurotoxicity induced by MA.	tetrahydropalmatine	86-89	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-189
34448569-12	2021	THP attenuated the MA-induced neurotoxicity by decreasing CAM, increasing TrkB, phosphorylating Akt, up-regulating NF-kappaB and BDNF, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.	tetrahydropalmatine	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
34448569-15	2021	THP regulates BDNF through TrkB/CAM interaction to alleviate the neurotoxicity induced by MA.	tetrahydropalmatine	0-3	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
34301850-4	2021	In HeLa cells transfected with rat Panx1 (rPanx1), membrane stretch (MS)-induced activation-measured by changes in DAPI uptake rate-was drastically reduced by either knockdown of Piezo1 or pharmacological inhibition of calmodulin or CaMKII.	DAPI	115-119	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
35134547-8	2022	Chronic DAN treatment also prevented the dissociation of calmodulin from RyR2, thereby inhibiting Ca2+ sparks and spontaneous Ca2+ transients in MCT-induced hypertrophied RV cardiomyocytes.	Dantrolene	8-11	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-67
34526598-9	2021	We also found that calmodulin, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin II were involved in SR58611A-mediated augmentation of glutamate release.	amibegron	95-103	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
34526598-9	2021	We also found that calmodulin, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin II were involved in SR58611A-mediated augmentation of glutamate release.	Glutamic Acid	129-138	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-29
34526598-10	2021	Our current data suggest that SR58611A enhances glutamate release by the Ca2+/calmodulin/MLCK/myosin II pathway.	amibegron	30-38	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
34526598-10	2021	Our current data suggest that SR58611A enhances glutamate release by the Ca2+/calmodulin/MLCK/myosin II pathway.	Glutamic Acid	48-57	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-88