PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
2766223-1	1989	Serum glycyl-l-prolyl 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide (gly-pro-MCA) hydrolase (DPP IV) and L-lysyl-L-alanyl beta-naphthylamide (lys-ala-beta NA) hydrolase (assumed to be DPP II) activities were measured in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and healthy subjects.	glycyl-l-prolyl 4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide	6-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
2568856-1	1989	A continuous-rate fluorometric assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) in viable human blood mononuclear cells using 7-(L-glycyl-L-prolylamido)-4-methylcoumarin as the substrate is described.	7-(l-glycyl-l-prolylamido)-4-methylcoumarin	118-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
2568856-1	1989	A continuous-rate fluorometric assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) in viable human blood mononuclear cells using 7-(L-glycyl-L-prolylamido)-4-methylcoumarin as the substrate is described.	7-(l-glycyl-l-prolylamido)-4-methylcoumarin	118-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
2566666-0	1989	Reactions between dipeptidyl peptidase IV and diacyl hydroxylamines: mechanistic investigations.	diacyl hydroxylamines	46-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
2565342-4	1989	Conversion to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was blocked by diprotin A, a DPP type IV (DPP IV) competitive inhibitor.	)-nh2	22-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-68
2565342-4	1989	Conversion to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was blocked by diprotin A, a DPP type IV (DPP IV) competitive inhibitor.	)-nh2	22-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
2565342-4	1989	Conversion to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was blocked by diprotin A, a DPP type IV (DPP IV) competitive inhibitor.	diprotin A	43-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-68
2565342-4	1989	Conversion to GRH(3-44)-NH2 was blocked by diprotin A, a DPP type IV (DPP IV) competitive inhibitor.	diprotin A	43-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
2565342-5	1989	D-Amino acid substitution at either position 1 or 2 also prevented hydrolysis, characteristic of DPP IV.	d-amino acid	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
2564215-3	1989	Production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon by mitogen plus phorbol ester-stimulated mononuclear cells from human blood was found to be reduced in the presence of N-Ala-Pro-O-(nitrobenzoyl-)-hydroxylamine, epsilon-(4"-nitro) benzoxycarbonyl-Lys-Pro, and anti-(DP IV) immunoglobulin in a dose-dependent manner.	Phorbol Esters	72-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	272-277
2564215-3	1989	Production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon by mitogen plus phorbol ester-stimulated mononuclear cells from human blood was found to be reduced in the presence of N-Ala-Pro-O-(nitrobenzoyl-)-hydroxylamine, epsilon-(4"-nitro) benzoxycarbonyl-Lys-Pro, and anti-(DP IV) immunoglobulin in a dose-dependent manner.	n-ala-pro-o-(nitrobenzoyl-)-hydroxylamine	175-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	272-277
2566666-1	1989	Kinetics of inactivation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) by N-peptidyl-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl) hydroxylamines and their enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis were followed using independent monitoring methods, all giving similar efficiency ratios of Kcat/Kinact.	n-peptidyl-o-(4-nitrobenzoyl) hydroxylamines	76-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
2566666-1	1989	Kinetics of inactivation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) by N-peptidyl-O-(4-nitrobenzoyl) hydroxylamines and their enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis were followed using independent monitoring methods, all giving similar efficiency ratios of Kcat/Kinact.	n-peptidyl-o-(4-nitrobenzoyl) hydroxylamines	76-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
2566666-4	1989	Investigation of DP IV-inactivation, DP IV-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-Ala-Pro-O-Bz(4-NO2) and the decomposition of the suicide substrate in H2O and D2O gave solvent isotope effects of 4.65, 2.54 and 1.02, respectively.	n-ala-pro-o-bz	67-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
2566666-4	1989	Investigation of DP IV-inactivation, DP IV-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-Ala-Pro-O-Bz(4-NO2) and the decomposition of the suicide substrate in H2O and D2O gave solvent isotope effects of 4.65, 2.54 and 1.02, respectively.	4-no2	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
2566666-4	1989	Investigation of DP IV-inactivation, DP IV-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-Ala-Pro-O-Bz(4-NO2) and the decomposition of the suicide substrate in H2O and D2O gave solvent isotope effects of 4.65, 2.54 and 1.02, respectively.	Water	139-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
2566666-4	1989	Investigation of DP IV-inactivation, DP IV-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-Ala-Pro-O-Bz(4-NO2) and the decomposition of the suicide substrate in H2O and D2O gave solvent isotope effects of 4.65, 2.54 and 1.02, respectively.	Deuterium Oxide	147-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
2907221-5	1988	DP IV activity was measured with glycyl-L-proline p-Nitroanilide as substrate.	glycyl-l-proline p-nitroanilide	33-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
2902942-0	1988	Assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in serum by fluorometry of 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine.	4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine	60-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-32
2902942-4	1988	The mean value of DPP IV activity in serum for 64 healthy subjects was 58 (SD 16) mumol of 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine released per liter of serum per minute.	4-methoxy-2-naphthylamine	91-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
2906280-3	1988	Using sucrose density gradient centrifugation and organelle marker enzyme assays, in conjunction with digitonin as a selective plasma membrane perturbant and diazotized sulphanilic acid as a non-permeant enzyme inhibitor, DPIV was shown to be a plasma membrane ecto-enzyme.	4-sulfanilic acid	169-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-226
2906996-0	1988	Dipeptidylpeptidase IV--inactivation with N-peptidyl-O-aroyl hydroxylamines.	n-peptidyl-o-aroyl hydroxylamines	42-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
2906996-1	1988	Eleven N-peptidyl-O-aroyl hydroxylamines have been synthesized and their hydrolytic stability, acidity and properties during reaction with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (E.C.	n-peptidyl-o-aroyl hydroxylamines	7-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-162
3684968-7	1987	DPP IV, with GlyProNA as substrate, displayed an optimum at pH 8.2.	glycyl-proline-1-naphthylamide	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
2904308-1	1988	The activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) in human sera from normal controls and osteoporotic patients was assayed with Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Gly-Pro-MCA) as substrate, at pH 8.7.	glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide	132-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
2904308-1	1988	The activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) in human sera from normal controls and osteoporotic patients was assayed with Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (Gly-Pro-MCA) as substrate, at pH 8.7.	glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide	166-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
2905980-3	1988	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB).	gly-pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide	50-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2905980-3	1988	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB).	gly-pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide	50-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
2905980-3	1988	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB).	gly-pro-mna	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2905980-3	1988	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB).	gly-pro-mna	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
2892340-6	1987	These data, together with other features of the DP IV, support the notion that this enzyme plays a key role in the modulation of lymphokine action by X-Pro- or X-Ala-directed limited proteolysis.	x-pro	150-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
2892340-6	1987	These data, together with other features of the DP IV, support the notion that this enzyme plays a key role in the modulation of lymphokine action by X-Pro- or X-Ala-directed limited proteolysis.	x-ala	160-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
2876048-1	1986	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) can be assayed relatively specifically in crude biological material by determination of the initial rate of formation of 4-nitroaniline from aminoacyl-proline-4-nitroanilides.	4-nitroaniline	159-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2891591-0	1987	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in cells of T-lymphoid origin is decreased in cultures with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).	12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate	93-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2891591-0	1987	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in cells of T-lymphoid origin is decreased in cultures with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	131-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2891591-2	1987	It has been attempted to induce DPP IV activity in DPP IV negative T-lymphoid leukaemias by 12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate (TPA).	12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate	92-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
2891591-2	1987	It has been attempted to induce DPP IV activity in DPP IV negative T-lymphoid leukaemias by 12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate (TPA).	12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate	92-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
2891591-2	1987	It has been attempted to induce DPP IV activity in DPP IV negative T-lymphoid leukaemias by 12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate (TPA).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	130-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
2891591-2	1987	It has been attempted to induce DPP IV activity in DPP IV negative T-lymphoid leukaemias by 12-o-tetradecanoylphrobol-13-acetate (TPA).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	130-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
2891591-4	1987	The percentage of DPP IV positive lymphocytes from blood donors remained unchanged in control and HPCM cultures, but decreased significantly in TPA cultures.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
2891591-5	1987	Leukemic cells from three DPP IV positive cases of acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) reacted to the TPA treatment in a similar manner.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	106-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
3804021-3	1986	The addition of butyrate to growth medium affected the growth rate and the production of alkaline phosphatase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and carcinoembryonic antigen.	Butyrates	16-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-134
3804021-6	1986	Levels of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and carcinoembryonic antigen were also increased after culture in butyrate containing medium.	Butyrates	100-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-33
3804021-7	1986	The number of alkaline phosphatase containing and dipeptidyl peptidase IV containing cells increased markedly in butyrate containing cultures.	Butyrates	113-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
2876048-1	1986	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) can be assayed relatively specifically in crude biological material by determination of the initial rate of formation of 4-nitroaniline from aminoacyl-proline-4-nitroanilides.	aminoacyl-proline-4-nitroanilides	179-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2875713-1	1986	Purified dipeptidyl peptidase IV from porcine pancreas or from human placenta cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from two proteins of the pancreatic juice, namely trypsinogen and pro-colipase.	Dipeptides	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-32
2430307-2	1986	The hydrolysis of the artificial peptide substrate Lys-Pro-p-nitroanilide served as a model of the second step in degradation of substance P by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	lys-pro-p-nitroanilide	51-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-167
2430307-5	1986	On the other hand Lys (pNO2-Z)-Pro and a specific suicide substrate (diacylhydroxylamine derivative) inhibit the activity in a manner analogous to dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	lys (pno2-z)-pro	18-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
2430307-5	1986	On the other hand Lys (pNO2-Z)-Pro and a specific suicide substrate (diacylhydroxylamine derivative) inhibit the activity in a manner analogous to dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diacylhydroxylamine	69-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
2430307-6	1986	Though these active site-directed inhibitors also influenced the benzoylcholine hydrolyzing activity of serum cholinesterase, we conclude from the data that dipeptidyl peptidase IV was the true Lys-Pro-p-nitroanilide cleaving activity.	lys-pro-p-nitroanilide	194-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-180
2875713-5	1986	However, under certain conditions, which are not fully understandable at present, dipeptidyl peptidase IV releases more slowly a second dipeptide, aspartyl-proline, from pro-colipase, and this results in a partial activation.	Dipeptides	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
2875713-5	1986	However, under certain conditions, which are not fully understandable at present, dipeptidyl peptidase IV releases more slowly a second dipeptide, aspartyl-proline, from pro-colipase, and this results in a partial activation.	aspartyl-proline	147-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
2876488-2	1986	A sandwich enzyme immunoassay is described that uses two monoclonal antibodies, URO-4 (S27) and URO-4a (S23), which react with different epitopes on AdAbp (2, 24).	uro-4	80-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
2876488-2	1986	A sandwich enzyme immunoassay is described that uses two monoclonal antibodies, URO-4 (S27) and URO-4a (S23), which react with different epitopes on AdAbp (2, 24).	uro-4a	96-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
6389730-2	1984	The post-proline endopeptidase was able to be completely separated from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) by hydrophobic phenyl Sepharose chromatography.	Sepharose	132-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
2580948-6	1985	Vice versa, epsilon-carbobenzoxy-lysylproline, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, inhibits the peptidase activity of these preparations more than their esterase activity.	epsilon-carbobenzoxy-lysylproline	12-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
2580948-8	1985	We conclude that the N-terminal region of substance P is not degraded by cholinesterase but by the contaminating dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a different serine enzyme.	Serine	150-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-136
6152335-0	1984	Similarities of the substrate cleavage catalyzed by proline specific endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	52-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
6152335-4	1984	The intercorrelation of the constants of the former substrates with corresponding data from Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV) catalyzed hydrolysis of alanyl-alanine-pX-anilides suggest that both enzymes act by similar catalytic mechanism.	alanyl-alanine-px-anilides	148-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-115
6152335-4	1984	The intercorrelation of the constants of the former substrates with corresponding data from Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DP IV) catalyzed hydrolysis of alanyl-alanine-pX-anilides suggest that both enzymes act by similar catalytic mechanism.	alanyl-alanine-px-anilides	148-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
6370309-2	1984	The post-proline endopeptidase could be completely separated from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) by hydrophobic phenyl-Sepharose chromatography.	phenyl-sepharose	119-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
6149745-2	1984	Glycylproline p-nitroanilide is hydrolysed in lymphocytes from human blood exclusively by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	glycylproline p-nitroanilide	0-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-113
6365169-0	1984	Kinetic investigation of the hydrolysis of aminoacyl p-nitroanilides by dipeptidyl peptidase IV from human and pig kidney.	aminoacyl p-nitroanilides	43-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
6617101-3	1983	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity of human renal microvilli could be inhibited by di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate and neutral endopeptidase activity by phosphoramidon.	Isoflurophate	81-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
6617101-3	1983	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity of human renal microvilli could be inhibited by di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate and neutral endopeptidase activity by phosphoramidon.	phosphoramidon	151-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
6617101-8	1983	A band of apparent Mr 130 000 was labelled with [3H]di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate and hence identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	[3h]di-isopropylphosphorofluoridate	48-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-131
6346347-1	1983	Several N-peptidyl-O(4-nitrobenzoyl)-hydroxylamines were synthesized and their inhibitory action against dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, alpha-chymotrypsin, elastase and thermitase was investigated.	n-peptidyl-o(4-nitrobenzoyl)-hydroxylamines	8-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-128
6353449-0	1983	An assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in human serum and serum of pregnant women with glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide and other glycyl-L-proline-arylamides as substrates.	glycyl-l-proline-1-naphthylamide	93-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
6353449-0	1983	An assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in human serum and serum of pregnant women with glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide and other glycyl-L-proline-arylamides as substrates.	glycyl-l-proline-arylamides	136-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
6353449-1	1983	The authors described a micromethod for measuring dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in human serum with glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide as substrate.	glycyl-l-proline-1-naphthylamide	103-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
6353449-7	1983	The activities of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the sera from 30 healthy human subjects with glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide as substrate were 176.1 +/- 32.8 nkat/l (mean +/- standard deviation; range 100.2-264.1 nkat/l of serum).	glycyl-l-proline-1-naphthylamide	90-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
6353449-9	1983	The cleaving of glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide and glycyl-L-proline-4-nitro anilide by dipeptidyl peptidase IV in human sera was closely correlated (r = 0.86).	glycyl-l-proline-1-naphthylamide	16-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
6353449-9	1983	The cleaving of glycyl-L-proline-1-naphthylamide and glycyl-L-proline-4-nitro anilide by dipeptidyl peptidase IV in human sera was closely correlated (r = 0.86).	glycyl-l-proline-4-nitro anilide	53-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
6363072-10	1984	Additionally, L-fucose could regulate the rate of degradation of DPP IV, since core-fucosylated glycoproteins appear to be resistant to mammalian endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase.	Fucose	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
6151772-2	1984	The hydrolysis rate of Gly-Pro-pNA in suspensions of MNC correlates well with the number of DP IV reactive cells as determined by cytochemical staining.	Gly-Pro-pNA	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
6360158-5	1983	Fibroblast dipeptidylpeptidase IV contained two different disulphide-linked subunits, of apparent Mr values 125000 and 135000 (denatured and reduced).	disulphide	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
6186294-4	1983	Vascular dipeptidylpeptidase IV sequentially removes the N-terminal Arg1-Pro2 and Lys3-Pro4 dipeptides of substance P and exposes the biologically active C-terminal heptapeptide product to rapid degradation by vascular aminopeptidases.	lys3-pro4	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
6186294-4	1983	Vascular dipeptidylpeptidase IV sequentially removes the N-terminal Arg1-Pro2 and Lys3-Pro4 dipeptides of substance P and exposes the biologically active C-terminal heptapeptide product to rapid degradation by vascular aminopeptidases.	Dipeptides	92-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
6761713-0	1982	Judging models in QSAR- and LFE-like studies if there are no replications: correlation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV hydrolytic activities of L-Alanyl-L-alanine phenylamides.	l-alanyl-l-alanine phenylamides	139-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-113
33737166-0	2021	Expectations for synergistically favorable effects of the combination therapy with DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitor on cholesterol synthesis and absorption.	Cholesterol	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
7005299-0	1980	A new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using tripeptide L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine as substrate.	prolyl-prolyl-alanine	69-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
7005299-1	1980	We have developed a new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using a tripeptide, L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine, which might be one of the potential natural substrates.	tripeptide K-26	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
7005299-1	1980	We have developed a new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using a tripeptide, L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine, which might be one of the potential natural substrates.	prolyl-prolyl-alanine	90-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
6991515-1	1980	Pure dipeptidyl peptidase IV (X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase), which did not contain aminopeptidase activity at all, was rapidly prepared from the human submaxillary gland by chromatography with concanavalin A-Sepharose and Gly-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH-Sepharose.	Sepharose	214-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-28
6991515-1	1980	Pure dipeptidyl peptidase IV (X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase), which did not contain aminopeptidase activity at all, was rapidly prepared from the human submaxillary gland by chromatography with concanavalin A-Sepharose and Gly-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH-Sepharose.	gly-pro-nh-(ch2)6-nh-sepharose	228-258	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-28
6991515-3	1980	Aminopeptidase, which was very difficult to separate from dipeptidyl peptidase IV by various chromatographic procedures, could be completely removed by chromatography with Gly-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH-Sepharose.	gly-pro-nh-(ch2)6-nh-sepharose	172-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
33743449-0	2021	Identification of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from vegetable protein sources.	Peptides	62-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
33743449-5	2021	Peptides with adequate molecular features and based on in silico analysis were proposed as DPP-IV inhibitors from soy (EPAAV) lupine (NPLL), and quinoa (APFTVV).	apftvv	153-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
7005299-0	1980	A new fluorescence assay for dipeptidylpeptidase IV using tripeptide L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine as substrate.	tripeptide K-26	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
244385-3	1977	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a serine enzyme, is very sensitive to inhibition by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate.	Isoflurophate	77-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
33594477-1	2021	The aim of this work was to review studies in which genetic variants were assessed with respect to metabolic response to treatment with novel glucose-lowering drugs: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i).	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-188
33502058-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular safety of evogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i), remains unclear with limited real-world evidence available on its use.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	37-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
34057870-5	2021	Metformin also declines the adherence of Sars-cov2 to DPP4 (the other receptor of the virus) on T cells.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
33512755-1	2021	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding the once-weekly oral DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin to treatment of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control on insulin monotherapy.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	89-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
33559704-2	2021	We assessed the effect on accelerated cognitive decline (ACD) of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin vs the sulfonylurea glimepiride in individuals with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
33408313-0	2021	In patients with type 2 diabetes the presence of Hashimoto"s thyroiditis reduces the beneficial effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on plasma glucose control.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-128
33538983-7	2021	The decrease in DPP4 activity was significantly correlated with decreases in BMI, improved cholesterol levels, reduced hepatic injury markers as well as improved post-prandial insulin sensitivity.	Cholesterol	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
33538983-10	2021	The associations between decreased DPP4 activity and improved cholesterol levels as well as hepatic injury markers point towards pleiotropic effects of DPP4 beyond glucose metabolism which warrant further investigation.	Cholesterol	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
33408313-1	2021	In this study, we compared the efficacy of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) to improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without Hashimoto"s thyroiditis (HT).	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
33949854-1	2021	A novel umami peptide, IPIPATKT, showed excellent dual dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities, the IC50 values were 64 and 265 muM, respectively.	umami peptide	8-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-78
34036983-2	2021	We previously reported a two-photon fluorescent probe glycyl-prolyl-N-butyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (GP-BAN) for DPP-IV detection with high specificity and sensitivity.	glycyl-prolyl-n-butyl-4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide	54-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
34036983-4	2021	Further investigations demonstrate that the IC50 value of sitagliptin (listed as the DPP-IV inhibitor) determined with human recombinant DPP-IV (36.22 nM) is very similar to that in human plasma (39.18 nM), and sitagliptin acts as a competitive inhibitor against human plasma DPP-IV-mediated GP-BAN hydrolysis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
34036983-4	2021	Further investigations demonstrate that the IC50 value of sitagliptin (listed as the DPP-IV inhibitor) determined with human recombinant DPP-IV (36.22 nM) is very similar to that in human plasma (39.18 nM), and sitagliptin acts as a competitive inhibitor against human plasma DPP-IV-mediated GP-BAN hydrolysis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
34036983-4	2021	Further investigations demonstrate that the IC50 value of sitagliptin (listed as the DPP-IV inhibitor) determined with human recombinant DPP-IV (36.22 nM) is very similar to that in human plasma (39.18 nM), and sitagliptin acts as a competitive inhibitor against human plasma DPP-IV-mediated GP-BAN hydrolysis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
33949854-1	2021	A novel umami peptide, IPIPATKT, showed excellent dual dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities, the IC50 values were 64 and 265 muM, respectively.	umami peptide	8-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
33348462-3	2021	Their predictions prompted the authors to suggest linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor and approved anti-diabetes drug, as a repurposed drug candidate against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.	Linagliptin	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
33667522-9	2021	Notably, linagliptin inhibited the colonic DPP-4 activity and upregulated the expression of intestinotrophic GLP-2 without incurring hypoglycemia in animals.	Linagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
33961299-1	2022	Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
33961299-1	2022	Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
33895825-2	2021	In this study, we hypothesized that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may have beneficial effects on nigrostriatal dopamine and longitudinal motor performance in diabetic patients with Parkinson"s disease.	Dopamine	112-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
33895825-7	2021	A linear mixed model revealed that the diabetic group with Parkinson"s disease being treated with DPP4 inhibitors had a slower longitudinal increase in levodopa-equivalent dose than the other groups (P = 0.003).	Levodopa	152-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
33895825-8	2021	Survival analyses showed that the rate of levodopa-induced dyskinesia was significantly lower in the diabetic group with a prior treatment with DPP4 inhibitors than the diabetic group without DPP4 inhibitors (hazard ratio = 0.194, P = 0.037).	Levodopa	42-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
33895825-8	2021	Survival analyses showed that the rate of levodopa-induced dyskinesia was significantly lower in the diabetic group with a prior treatment with DPP4 inhibitors than the diabetic group without DPP4 inhibitors (hazard ratio = 0.194, P = 0.037).	Levodopa	42-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	192-196
33895825-9	2021	These findings suggest that DPP4 inhibitors may confer beneficial effects on the baseline nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration and long-term motor outcomes in diabetic patients with Parkinson"s disease and may extend its role into non-diabetic patients with Parkinson"s disease.	Dopamine	104-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
33348462-5	2021	We show here that DPP-4 inhibitors like linagliptin, other gliptins and structural analogues are inactive against M pro .	Linagliptin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
33975891-0	2021	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with short bowel syndrome and colon in continuity: an open-label pilot study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
33949781-0	2021	Glucose-lowering action through targeting islet dysfunction in type 2 diabetes - focus on DPP-4 inhibition.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
33949781-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a glucose-lowering medication for type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	47-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
33949781-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is a glucose-lowering medication for type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	47-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
33975891-4	2021	Therefore, we aimed to evaluate efficacy of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on reducing faecal excretions in this patient group.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
33615655-3	2021	Also, diabetic patients treated with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin showed greater overall survival after colorectal or lung cancer surgery than patients under other diabetic therapies.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
33899649-0	2021	Safety and pharmacokinetic interaction between fotagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and metformin in healthy subjects.	fotagliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
33881795-8	2021	Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%.	Metformin	29-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
33881795-8	2021	Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%.	Metformin	29-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
33881795-8	2021	Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	252-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
33881795-8	2021	Among treatment visits where metformin plus another drug was prescribed, the share of second line therapy accounted for by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors decreased from 21.9% of treatment visits in 2015 to 20.8% of treatment visits in 2019; sulfonylurea use declined from 45.2% to 32.7%, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors increased from 14.5% to 21.2% and use of GLP-1 agonists increased from 9.8% to 18.2%.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	252-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
33881796-0	2021	Urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 protein is increased by linagliptin and is a potential predictive marker of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-30
33881796-0	2021	Urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 protein is increased by linagliptin and is a potential predictive marker of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Creatinine	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-30
33881796-1	2021	Results of a post-hoc analysis of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein as a predictor of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) response to linagliptin treatment based on MARLINA-T2D trial data are described.	Creatinine	118-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
33881796-1	2021	Results of a post-hoc analysis of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein as a predictor of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) response to linagliptin treatment based on MARLINA-T2D trial data are described.	Creatinine	118-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
33881796-1	2021	Results of a post-hoc analysis of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein as a predictor of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) response to linagliptin treatment based on MARLINA-T2D trial data are described.	Linagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
33881796-1	2021	Results of a post-hoc analysis of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) protein as a predictor of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) response to linagliptin treatment based on MARLINA-T2D trial data are described.	Linagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
33881796-3	2021	After 24 weeks of treatment, linagliptin significantly inhibited urinary DPP-4 activity and increased urinary DPP-4 protein.	Linagliptin	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
33881796-3	2021	After 24 weeks of treatment, linagliptin significantly inhibited urinary DPP-4 activity and increased urinary DPP-4 protein.	Linagliptin	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
33881796-4	2021	Furthermore, medium urinary DPP-4 protein levels (between 5.5 and 7.5 natural logarithmic (ln) mug/g creatinine) at baseline allowed for prediction of improved UACR in linagliptin-treated individuals.	Creatinine	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
33881796-4	2021	Furthermore, medium urinary DPP-4 protein levels (between 5.5 and 7.5 natural logarithmic (ln) mug/g creatinine) at baseline allowed for prediction of improved UACR in linagliptin-treated individuals.	Linagliptin	168-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
33881796-7	2021	In summary, urinary DPP-4 might be a useful predictive biomarker for UACR improvement by linagliptin.	Linagliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
33866774-3	2022	Methods: This study is a post hoc analysis of a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, phase III trial that compared the efficacy and safety of a DPP-4 inhibitor (gemigliptin vs. sitagliptin) in patients with T2DM.	LC15-0444	159-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
32914379-5	2021	RESULTS: We reveal the consistent upregulation of serine protease DPP4 and structural protein SPP1 with the progression of PTC to metastatic disease, as well as with PDGFRA expression.	Serine	50-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
33615655-7	2021	Moreover, only invasion and motility assays, which are collagen matrix-dependent, showed a decrease upon treatment with the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
33615655-10	2021	At the same time, this role of sitagliptin may help to define areas of medicine where DPP4 inhibitors might be introduced.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
33866313-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been reported to improve psoriasis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
33866313-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been reported to improve psoriasis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
33866313-2	2022	OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of sitagliptin treatment, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in combination with narrow-band ultraviolet-B (NB-UVB) phototherapy compared to NB-UVB alone on psoriasis severity, quality of life, cardiovascular disease risk factors and immune parameters in people with moderate psoriasis without T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
34040513-1	2021	Background: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i"s) are considered to be safe for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	dpp-4i	46-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-33
34040513-9	2021	The most common medications coprescribed with DPP4is over all person-quarters were acetaminophen, simvastatin, fluvastatin, and colchicine (all >20,000 person-quarters).	Acetaminophen	83-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
34040513-9	2021	The most common medications coprescribed with DPP4is over all person-quarters were acetaminophen, simvastatin, fluvastatin, and colchicine (all >20,000 person-quarters).	Simvastatin	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
34040513-9	2021	The most common medications coprescribed with DPP4is over all person-quarters were acetaminophen, simvastatin, fluvastatin, and colchicine (all >20,000 person-quarters).	Fluvastatin	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
34040513-9	2021	The most common medications coprescribed with DPP4is over all person-quarters were acetaminophen, simvastatin, fluvastatin, and colchicine (all >20,000 person-quarters).	Colchicine	128-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
33854350-1	2021	Purpose: We explored the anti-inflammatory role of the DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin, using sitagliptin as comparator, in different in vitro models of low-grade inflammation (LGI), evaluating the hyperglycemia-induced endothelial inflammation, the macrophage polarization, and the endothelium-macrophage interaction.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	71-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
33730493-6	2021	Both were selective for FAP over DPP-IV, a related serine protease.	Serine	51-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-39
33854350-7	2021	Teneligliptin reduced M1 and enhanced M2 macrophage phenotype under DPP-4 stimulation, and attenuated hyperglycemia-induced endothelial inflammation.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
33889154-7	2021	Most associations are in line with the known effects of sCD26/DPP-4 inhibition.	scd26	56-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
33854350-11	2021	Conclusion: Teneligliptin, but not sitagliptin, has anti-inflammatory effects in the various LGI models, by promoting a switch from M1 toward M2 phenotype and by decreasing hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial inflammation, suggesting that effects for LGI are different among DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	274-279
32739275-6	2021	A four-featured pharmacophore model was developed from crystal structure of DPP-4 enzyme with 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride in its active site via pharmacophore constructing tool of Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) consisting F1 Hyd (hydrophobic region), F2 Hyd Cat Don (hydrophobic cationic and donor region), F3 Acc (acceptor region) and F4 Hyd (hydrophobic region).	4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride	94-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
33838614-13	2021	CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitor use was associated with lower mortality in COVID-19 patients, and the association was weaker in patients who were also taking metformin and/or ACE inhibitors.	Metformin	154-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
32745279-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin is a cost-saving alternative to DPP-4 inhibitor when added to metformin and sulfonylurea.	Metformin	89-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
32745279-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin is a cost-saving alternative to DPP-4 inhibitor when added to metformin and sulfonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	103-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
32242496-1	2021	Pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and in silico ADME studies have been carried out to determine the binding mode and drug likeliness profile of Pyrrolidine derivatives as Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	pyrrolidine	153-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-203
32242496-9	2021	The catalytic domain of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme in complex with Vildagliptin (PDB Code: 6B1E) was obtained from protein data bank with resolution 1.77 A .	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-47
32248758-8	2021	The compound KB-10 showed good DPP-IV inhibition in both in vitro and in vivo studies with IC50: 22.69 microM.	kb-10	13-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
32810383-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Although the efficacy of teneligliptin, a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has been amply studied for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, no clinical trials of teneligliptin have been conducted in China.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	39-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
32803534-0	2021	Efficacy and tolerability of DPP4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, on autonomic and peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes: an open label, pilot study.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	45-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
33769204-3	2021	In the present study, we identified benzophenone thio- and semicarbazone scaffolds as novel DPP-IV inhibitors.	benzophenone	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
33769204-3	2021	In the present study, we identified benzophenone thio- and semicarbazone scaffolds as novel DPP-IV inhibitors.	Semicarbazones	59-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
33769204-7	2021	Thio- and semicarbazones derivatives were evaluated for their DPP-IV inhibitory potential and found to exhibit a good to moderate enzyme inhibitory activity.	thio- and semicarbazones	0-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
33769204-9	2021	The binding sites as well as affinity of active compounds for DPP- IV enzyme were predicted by in silico studies, and compared to a standard drug, sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	147-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-69
33769204-12	2021	This study identifies thio- and semicarbazones as new classes of DPP-IV inhibitors which may translate into safe and effective therapeutics for a better management of type 2 diabetes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.	thio- and semicarbazones	22-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
33757558-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The phase I trial of the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody YS110 for CD26-expressing tumors was conducted recently.	ys110	77-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
33927920-6	2021	We present the case of a 57-year-old male who developed DPP-4 inhibitor-induced acute pancreatitis after the initiation of linagliptin.	Linagliptin	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
33757558-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The phase I trial of the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody YS110 for CD26-expressing tumors was conducted recently.	ys110	77-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
33757558-5	2021	RESULTS: Serum sCD26/DPP4 titer was reduced following YS110 administration and gradually recovered until the next infusion.	ys110	54-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
33757558-8	2021	In vitro experimentation confirmed that YS110 addition reduced sCD26 production from CD26-expressing tumor and non-tumor cells.	ys110	40-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
33757558-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that serum sCD26/DPP4 titer variation in the early phase of YS110 treatment is a predictive biomarker for evaluating therapeutic efficacy.	ys110	93-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
33691757-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a serine exopeptidase able to inactivate various oligopeptides, and also a hepatokine.	Serine	47-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
33751849-0	2021	The DPP-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, alters hepatic insulin clearance in relation to the glycemic status in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes.	anagliptin	21-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
33751849-1	2021	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the impact of the DPP-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, on hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients and explored its relation to glycemic status.	anagliptin	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
33691757-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a serine exopeptidase able to inactivate various oligopeptides, and also a hepatokine.	Serine	47-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
33691757-3	2021	METHOD: We examined whether weekly DPP4 inhibitor omarigliptin (OMG) can improve liver function as well as levels of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	50-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
33691757-3	2021	METHOD: We examined whether weekly DPP4 inhibitor omarigliptin (OMG) can improve liver function as well as levels of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	64-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
33691757-8	2021	CONCLUSION: Weekly administration of the DPP4 inhibitor OMG in ameliorating hepatic insulin resistance may cause beneficial effects in liver with NAFLD/NASH.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	56-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
33850463-11	2021	The signal was significantly higher with alogliptin than with the other DPP-4 inhibitors.	alogliptin	41-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
33677558-8	2021	Age, DM duration, chronic kidney disease stage >=3, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor use, not using metformin, were associated with QFT-positivity.	2-fluoro-5-nitrophenol	136-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
32662092-3	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors are widely used in treatment of type 2 diabetes and appear to yield beneficial pleiotropic effects beyond their glucose-lowering action, e.g. renoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown.	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32662092-4	2021	We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitors block adverse complement activation by inhibiting complement-activating serine proteases.	Serine	110-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
33474645-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), but the efficacy of the once-weekly DPP4 inhibitor omarigliptin is not known.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
33474645-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), but the efficacy of the once-weekly DPP4 inhibitor omarigliptin is not known.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
32741073-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that treatment with DPP-4is, including sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin, was associated with an increased risk of developing BP.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
32741073-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that treatment with DPP-4is, including sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin, was associated with an increased risk of developing BP.	saxagliptin	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
33511553-4	2021	RESULTS: The Delphi consensus suggests that in drug-naive patients with T2DM, intolerant to metformin or in whom metformin is contraindicated, dual therapy of gliclazide/gliclazide-modified release (MR) should be considered along with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor if glycated hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5% and with insulin if the A1c level is greater than 9%.	Gliclazide	170-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-259
33511553-4	2021	RESULTS: The Delphi consensus suggests that in drug-naive patients with T2DM, intolerant to metformin or in whom metformin is contraindicated, dual therapy of gliclazide/gliclazide-modified release (MR) should be considered along with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor if glycated hemoglobin A1c level is greater than 7.5% and with insulin if the A1c level is greater than 9%.	Gliclazide	170-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	261-265
32741073-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that treatment with DPP-4is, including sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin, was associated with an increased risk of developing BP.	Linagliptin	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
33030297-6	2021	Co-structures of linagliptin with DPP-4 or FAP were similar except for one second shell amino acid difference: Asp663 (DPP-4) and Ala657 (FAP).	Linagliptin	17-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
33068301-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, resulted in substantial reductions in albuminuria in patients with T2D and hypertension on top of RAAS blockade after short term therapy independently on glycemic or hemodynamic changes.	saxagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
33068301-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, resulted in substantial reductions in albuminuria in patients with T2D and hypertension on top of RAAS blockade after short term therapy independently on glycemic or hemodynamic changes.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
33030297-4	2021	We compared biophysical and structural mechanisms of linagliptin binding to DPP-4 and FAP.	Linagliptin	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
33030297-6	2021	Co-structures of linagliptin with DPP-4 or FAP were similar except for one second shell amino acid difference: Asp663 (DPP-4) and Ala657 (FAP).	Linagliptin	17-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
33030297-5	2021	Linagliptin exhibited high binding affinity (K D ) and a slow off-rate (k off ) when dissociating from DPP-4 (K D 6.6 pM; k off 5.1   10 5  s -1 ), and weaker inhibitory potency to FAP (K D 301 nM; k off >1 s -1 ).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
33030297-7	2021	The distinct pH dependence of enzymatic activities, differences in binding affinity and kinetics of linagliptin for DPP-4 and FAP are dependent on this single amino acid difference.	Linagliptin	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
33669444-6	2021	In other LSDs the DPP-IV activity was still significantly increased, but to a lesser extent.	Lysergic Acid Diethylamide	9-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
33669354-2	2021	This paper provides a) a comparison of preclinical animal and clinical results on the effect of five dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors by comparing the pharmaceutical caused glucose changes, and b) an evaluation of methodological and reporting standards in T2DM preclinical animal studies.	Glucose	181-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-123
33669444-8	2021	DPP-IV may serve as a first-tier diagnostic procedure or additional biochemical analysis in recognizing patients with some LSDs.	Lysergic Acid Diethylamide	123-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
33669354-2	2021	This paper provides a) a comparison of preclinical animal and clinical results on the effect of five dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors by comparing the pharmaceutical caused glucose changes, and b) an evaluation of methodological and reporting standards in T2DM preclinical animal studies.	Glucose	181-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-129
33669444-9	2021	DPP-IV may become an object of basic research for a better understanding of LSDs.	Lysergic Acid Diethylamide	76-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
33669354-3	2021	DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Metformin	78-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
33594487-3	2021	PURPOSE: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IVi), thiazolidinedione (TZD), and sulfonylurea (SU) on osteoporosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	95-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
33669354-3	2021	DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Blood Glucose	134-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
33669354-3	2021	DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Metformin	279-288	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
33669354-3	2021	DPP4 inhibitors play an important role in the clinical management of T2DM: if metformin alone is not sufficient enough to control the blood sugar levels, DPP4 inhibitors are often used as second-line therapy; additionally, DPP-4 inhibitors are also used in triple therapies with metformin and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Metformin	279-288	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
33672038-0	2021	Synthesis of Rottlerone Analogues and Evaluation of Their alpha-Glucosidase and DPP-4 Dual Inhibitory and Glucose Consumption-Promoting Activity.	Rottlerone	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
33672038-3	2021	The aim of this study was to synthesize a series of rottlerone analogues and evaluate their alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 dual inhibitory activity.	Rottlerone	52-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
33670273-2	2021	METHODS: A novel series of dihydropyrimidine phthalimide hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo DPP-4 inhibition activity and selectivity using alogliptin as reference.	dihydropyrimidine phthalimide	27-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
33603422-4	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or CD26, a multifunctional serine protease with a dual function (regulatory protease and binding protein), can modulate inflammation and immune cell-mediated beta-cell destruction.	Serine	58-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
33603422-4	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or CD26, a multifunctional serine protease with a dual function (regulatory protease and binding protein), can modulate inflammation and immune cell-mediated beta-cell destruction.	Serine	58-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
33603422-4	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) or CD26, a multifunctional serine protease with a dual function (regulatory protease and binding protein), can modulate inflammation and immune cell-mediated beta-cell destruction.	Serine	58-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
33554619-0	2022	A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids targeting PTP1B and DPP-4: a structure-activity relationship analysis.	Flavonoids	55-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
33573656-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that treatment with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, especially vildagliptin, is significantly associated with an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid development.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
33554619-7	2022	We intend to provide the most favorable chemical features of flavonoids for the inhibition of PTP1B and DPP-4, gathering information for the future development of compounds with improved potential as T2D therapeutic agents.	Flavonoids	61-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-109
33554619-6	2022	In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature of both synthetic and natural isolated flavonoids as inhibitors of PTP1B and DPP-4 activities is made, including their type of inhibition and experimental conditions, and structure-activity relationship, covering a total of 351 compounds.	Flavonoids	102-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
33562528-3	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins.	Glucose	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
33427376-1	2021	Acylpeptide hydrolase is a serine protease which, together with prolyl oligopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and oligopeptidase B belongs to the prolyl oligopeptidase family.	Serine	27-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
33185002-0	2021	Cardiovascular outcomes and safety with linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, compared with the sulphonylurea glimepiride in older people with type 2 diabetes: a subgroup analysis of the randomized CAROLINA trial.	Linagliptin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
33370629-5	2021	The cell glucose uptake data also confirmed that GlL and GlS could retain the active component in the regulation of insulin, AMPK, PPARgamma, and DPP4.	glycoluril	49-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-150
33370629-5	2021	The cell glucose uptake data also confirmed that GlL and GlS could retain the active component in the regulation of insulin, AMPK, PPARgamma, and DPP4.	Glucosinolates	57-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-150
32979231-6	2021	Compared with placebo, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor treatment, as add-on to metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy, was associated with a significant reduction in HbA1c level [mean difference -8 mmol/mol, 95% CI -10, -6 (-0.7%, 95% CI -0.9, -0.6); P < 0.00001], in fasting plasma glucose level [mean difference -1.70 mmol/l, 95% CI -1.91, -1.49; P <0.00001], in weight (mean difference -1.76 kg, 95% CI -2.04, -1.48; P <0.00001) and in blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: mean difference -3.6 mmHg, 95% CI -4.8, -2.4; P<0.00001; diastolic blood pressure: mean difference -1.5 mmHg; 95% CI -2.4, -0.6; P=0.002).	Glucose	30-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-125
32979231-8	2021	CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with placebo, add-on therapy with a sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor is significantly more efficacious in lowering HbA1c , fasting plasma glucose and weight in people with type 2 diabetes following inadequate glycaemic control with metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Glucose	70-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	284-306
33527807-5	2021	Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
33677929-2	2021	This study aimed to assess the effects of teneligliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on the risk of major CV outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients compared to sulfonylurea.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	42-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
33527807-5	2021	Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
33527807-5	2021	Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM.	Metformin	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
33527807-5	2021	Evogliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which can to be combined with metformin for treating T2DM.	Metformin	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
33514826-4	2021	Experimental study further showed high concentration of glucose remarkably enhanced DPP4 to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the mesothelial cells.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
33039561-0	2021	Angiogenesis is promoted by exosomal DPP4 derived from 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells.	Fluorouracil	55-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
33039561-4	2021	Here, our study showed that the conditioned medium and exosomes from 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells promoted angiogenesis, and we observed that exosomal dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) was a potent inducer of this angiogenesis.	Fluorouracil	69-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-179
33039561-4	2021	Here, our study showed that the conditioned medium and exosomes from 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells promoted angiogenesis, and we observed that exosomal dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) was a potent inducer of this angiogenesis.	Fluorouracil	69-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-185
33039561-7	2021	These findings indicate that DPP4 may be a target for inhibiting angiogenesis in 5-FU-resistant colon cancer.	Fluorouracil	81-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
33440080-0	2021	Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Daily Administration of Fotagliptin Benzoate for 14 Days for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	fotagliptin benzoate	159-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Cocaine	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Amphetamine	181-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Alcohols	194-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
33536884-8	2020	Results: GLP-1Rs are located in reward-related areas, and GLP-1, its agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors are effective in decreasing palatable food intake, along with reducing cocaine, amphetamine, alcohol, and nicotine use in animals.	Nicotine	207-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
33520110-6	2021	Compared with placebo or other active glucose-lowering drug treatment, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs, and SGLT2 inhibitors all led to a significant decrease in ALT change and AST change from baseline.	Glucose	38-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
33440080-1	2021	This study investigated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of fotagliptin benzoate (fotagliptin), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	fotagliptin benzoate	78-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
33440080-7	2021	The durations for DPP-4 inhibition >80% in the fotagliptin group on days 1 and 14 were 23.5 and 24.0 hours, respectively.	fotagliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
33440080-11	2021	Treatment with fotagliptin can achieve high DPP-4 inhibition and increase plasma GLP-1.	fotagliptin	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
33427588-3	2021	In this present study, we have predicted the reported bioactive flavonoids and triterpenoids of the plant against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike protein, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) receptor through molecular docking and in silico ADME predictions methods.	Flavonoids	64-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-273
33427588-3	2021	In this present study, we have predicted the reported bioactive flavonoids and triterpenoids of the plant against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), spike protein, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) receptor through molecular docking and in silico ADME predictions methods.	Triterpenes	79-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-273
33429063-4	2021	Patients were given the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (1.8 mg sc) or the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (100 mg), or matching placebos, once daily for 12 weeks.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
33430081-6	2021	These computational studies led to the identification of three marketed DPP4 inhibitors; gemigliptin, linagliptin and evogliptin as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro viral cysteine protease.	LC15-0444	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
32809070-13	2021	While in-class switching is uncommon, saxagliptin and alogliptin are the DPP4 inhibitors most commonly switched.	saxagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
32956626-3	2021	Here, using our unique CRPtg-db/db mice, we observed human CRP markedly induced renal DPP4 associated with enhanced kidney injury compared with db/db mice.	crptg	23-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
33387351-7	2021	In addition, DPP4 was silenced in PTC cell lines (GLAG-66 and TPC-1) through siRNA-mediated DPP4 knockdown or sitagliptin (inhibitor of DPP4)-mediated inhibition to assess the effects of DPP4 on the MAPK pathway and cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
32809070-13	2021	While in-class switching is uncommon, saxagliptin and alogliptin are the DPP4 inhibitors most commonly switched.	alogliptin	54-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-226
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	tartaric acid	163-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	gly-pro-aminomethylcoumarin	168-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	tartaric acid	163-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-226
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	gly-pro-aminomethylcoumarin	168-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	gly-pro-aminomethylcoumarin	168-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	Metformin	334-343	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	gly-pro-aminomethylcoumarin	168-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
33309540-7	2021	We showed that MSH directly binds to MERS-CoV-Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) and inhibits its molecular interaction with DPP4 in a dose-dependent manner.	mycothiol	15-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	197-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	197-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	197-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
32926865-1	2021	During the development of a specific dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes, a fluorogenic kinetic analysis for DPP4 enzymatic activity using Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) as a substrate was optimized and validated for recombinant DPP4 and human plasma samples.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	197-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	142-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	142-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-226
32926865-8	2021	Our optimized, validated bioanalytic method for measuring DPP4 activity in plasma samples was successfully employed to evaluate the effect of evogliptin (DA-1229) tartrate, which irreversibly and dose-dependently inhibits DPP4 enzymatic activity, without the dilution effect of human plasma samples and irrespective of the co-treated metformin.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
33214038-0	2021	Synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and computational simulations studies of 1,2,3-triazole analogues as DPP-4 inhibitors.	Triazoles	73-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
33952821-1	2021	Alogliptin (ALG), an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has a high absorption rate (>60-71%), despite its low lipophilicity (logP=-1.4).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-55
33952821-1	2021	Alogliptin (ALG), an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, is used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has a high absorption rate (>60-71%), despite its low lipophilicity (logP=-1.4).	alogliptin	12-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-55
33441417-0	2021	Long-term safety and efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 3-year prospective, controlled, observational study (J-BRAND Registry).	alogliptin	33-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
33441417-15	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Alogliptin as a representative of DPP-4 inhibitors was safe and durably efficacious when used alone or with other OHAs for patients with type 2 diabetes in the real world setting.	alogliptin	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
33214038-1	2021	Novel 1,2,3-triazole analogues (S7 ~ S10) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against hDPP-4.	Triazoles	6-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
33214038-2	2021	All the 1,2,3-triazole analogues exhibited moderate in vitro hDPP-4 inhibitory activities (265 ~ 780 nM).	Triazoles	8-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-67
33214038-6	2021	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations following the aforementioned docking phase were performed to elucidate potential binding modes of sitagliptin"s 1,2,3-triazole analogues in hDPP-4, with the use of a cocrystal structure of hDPP-4 with sitagliptin (PDB ID: 1X70).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	134-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-182
33214038-6	2021	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations following the aforementioned docking phase were performed to elucidate potential binding modes of sitagliptin"s 1,2,3-triazole analogues in hDPP-4, with the use of a cocrystal structure of hDPP-4 with sitagliptin (PDB ID: 1X70).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	134-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	225-231
33214038-7	2021	Docking and MD simulations of the complexes of hDPP-4 with sitagliptin, S2 and S3 suggest that Glu205, Glu206, Tyr662, and Tyr666 would be the key amino acid residues for the binding of the molecules with the receptor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-53
33214038-11	2021	In overall, in vitro hDPP-4 inhibitory activities of synthetic 1,2,3-triazole analogues were well matched with results of computational simulations studies.	Triazoles	63-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
33313996-12	2021	Statistically significant reductions in weight and SBP were observed with ertugliflozin + sitagliptin, ertugliflozin, or canagliflozin compared to single initiation DPP-4 inhibitors.	ertugliflozin	74-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
33401457-3	2021	As evogliptin, one of the DPP-4 inhibitors displays high specific accumulation in cardiac tissue, we here evaluated its therapeutic potency for attenuating valvular calcification in CAVD animal models.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	3-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
32310854-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, an oral antidiabetic of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs, exhibits an overall low risk of hypoglycemia with less frequent hypoglycemic events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than other conventional antidiabetic drugs.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
32310854-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, an oral antidiabetic of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs, exhibits an overall low risk of hypoglycemia with less frequent hypoglycemic events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than other conventional antidiabetic drugs.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
32310854-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: In T2DM patients, the addition of DPP-4 inhibitors to routine subcutaneous insulin therapy may significantly reduce hypoglycemic events while maintaining acceptable recommended ranges of glucose.	Glucose	200-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
33098565-2	2021	METHODS: In total, 103 patients with T2D (body mass index >= 22 kg/m2; glycated hemoglobin, 7-10%) and being treated with sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) were included and randomized to receive ipragliflozin or metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
33313996-12	2021	Statistically significant reductions in weight and SBP were observed with ertugliflozin + sitagliptin, ertugliflozin, or canagliflozin compared to single initiation DPP-4 inhibitors.	Canagliflozin	121-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
33295687-2	2021	As diastolic dysfunction and stiffening in MetS patients are associated with increased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) levels, we investigated whether the clinically approved DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin reduces left ventricular stiffness in MetS-induced cardiac disease.	Linagliptin	202-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
32955004-11	2021	Interestingly, the therapeutic impact of alkaloids against blood glucose pathogenesis is mediated through a variety of signaling cascades and pathways, via inhibiting or stimulating a diversity of systems such as inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme, blockade of PTP-1B, deactivation of DPP-IV, increasing insulin sensitivity and modulating the oxidative stress.	Alkaloids	41-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	289-295
33295687-2	2021	As diastolic dysfunction and stiffening in MetS patients are associated with increased circulating dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) levels, we investigated whether the clinically approved DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin reduces left ventricular stiffness in MetS-induced cardiac disease.	Linagliptin	202-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-191
33162074-5	2021	Results showed inhibition of DPP-IV by CWP and CWPH and their positive action on hIR activation and glucose uptake.	Glucose	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
31995015-3	2021	METHODS: In this study, we have employed molecular modeling strategies such as CoMFA, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding free energy calculations of a set of DPP-IV inhibitors in order to understand the main characteristics related to the biological activity of these ligands against the enzyme.	6'-N-methylfortimicin A	79-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
32317776-5	2021	We found that the initial expansion of CD26 CAR-transduced T cells was delayed due to transient fratricide, but subsequent expansion was accelerated.	fratricide	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
32994182-4	2021	In this study, we investigated whether metformin mitigates breast cancer metastasis induced by a DPP-4 inhibitor via suppression of mTOR signaling.	Metformin	39-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
32994182-5	2021	In cultured mouse mammary and human breast cancer cells, metformin suppressed DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR)-induced EMT and cell migration via suppression of the mTOR pathway associated with AMPK activation.	Metformin	57-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
32994182-5	2021	In cultured mouse mammary and human breast cancer cells, metformin suppressed DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR)-induced EMT and cell migration via suppression of the mTOR pathway associated with AMPK activation.	KR-62436	94-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
32994182-5	2021	In cultured mouse mammary and human breast cancer cells, metformin suppressed DPP-4 inhibitor KR62436 (KR)-induced EMT and cell migration via suppression of the mTOR pathway associated with AMPK activation.	KR-62436	94-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
33188364-4	2021	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is the main entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2; although dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) might also act as a binding target.	Aldosterone	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-180
32994182-11	2021	Our findings suggest that metformin may serve as an antimetastatic agent by mitigating the undesirable effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with certain cancers.	Metformin	26-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
32994182-12	2021	Implications: Metformin could combat the detrimental effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on breast cancer metastasis via mTOR suppression, suggesting the potential clinical relevance.	Metformin	14-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
33188364-4	2021	Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), is the main entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2; although dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) might also act as a binding target.	Aldosterone	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-186
32879160-2	2020	CD26 expression in follicular tumor-uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP) is reported to be clearly higher than in that without capsular invasion.	Uridine Monophosphate	69-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
32879160-9	2020	CD26 immunostaining, using cell blocks or cytological specimens, may preoperatively distinguish between NIFTP and invasive EFV-PTC.	niftp	104-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
33239410-1	2020	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is commonly prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
33342939-3	2022	Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
33342939-3	2022	Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
33342939-3	2022	Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial.	Cholesterol	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
33342939-3	2022	Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to decrease LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin versus Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial.	ldl-c	95-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
32883636-1	2020	Oxazole derivatives are important medicinal compounds which are inhibitors of various enzymes such as NPP1, NPP2, NPP3, tyrosine kinase, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, cyclooxygenase-2, and protein tyrosine phosphatase.	Oxazoles	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-160
33364803-1	2020	Purpose: Experimental evidence has suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a glucose-lowering effect, but this has yet to be confirmed in diabetic patients.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
33364803-1	2020	Purpose: Experimental evidence has suggested that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a glucose-lowering effect, but this has yet to be confirmed in diabetic patients.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
33364803-8	2020	Conclusion: In this sub-analysis from the REASON Trial, taking a DPP-4 inhibitor, either ANA or SITA, for 52 weeks did not affect the levels of inflammatory markers.	anagliptin	89-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
33080495-6	2020	Further investigations demonstrate that a steroidal alkaloid reserpine exhibits strong hCES2A inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.94 muM) and high selectivity over other human serine hydrolases including hCES1A, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and thrombin.	Reserpine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-229
33080495-6	2020	Further investigations demonstrate that a steroidal alkaloid reserpine exhibits strong hCES2A inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.94 muM) and high selectivity over other human serine hydrolases including hCES1A, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and thrombin.	Reserpine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	231-237
32994187-2	2020	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a multicenter, case-control, retrospective, observational study, sitagliptin, an oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was added to standard of care (e.g., insulin administration) at the time of hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized with COVID-19.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
33000383-0	2020	Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Blood Glucose Variability in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Prospective Observational Exploratory Study.	Glucose	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
33000383-5	2020	RESULTS: The model revealed that DPP-4 inhibitor use was significantly associated with suppression of a rapid drop in glucose levels, both with and without adjustment for BG levels at the start of hemodialysis.	Glucose	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
32878700-7	2020	Use of insulin increased (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.06-1.27) whereas use of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors decreased (metformin: OR 0.80, 95 % CI 0.70-0.90; DPP-4 inhibitors: OR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.73-0.93).	Metformin	111-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
32846184-0	2020	Bestatin and bacitracin inhibit porcine kidney cortex dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and reduce human melanoma MeWo cell viability.	ubenimex	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-77
32990096-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, a member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) class of drugs, was approved by the FDA for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 2009, and has been in clinical use for more than a decade.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
32846184-0	2020	Bestatin and bacitracin inhibit porcine kidney cortex dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and reduce human melanoma MeWo cell viability.	Bacitracin	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-77
32846184-4	2020	Bacitracin and bestatin inhibited porcine membrane-bound DPP-IV (pDPP-IV) activity.	Bacitracin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
32846184-4	2020	Bacitracin and bestatin inhibited porcine membrane-bound DPP-IV (pDPP-IV) activity.	ubenimex	15-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
32846184-4	2020	Bacitracin and bestatin inhibited porcine membrane-bound DPP-IV (pDPP-IV) activity.	phenyl di-n-pentylphosphinate	65-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
32846184-7	2020	In the human melanoma MeWo cell line, bestatin and bacitracin inhibited aminopeptidase N (APN) and DPP-IV activities, reduced cell viability and increased DNA fragmentation, suggesting induction of apoptosis.	ubenimex	38-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
32846184-7	2020	In the human melanoma MeWo cell line, bestatin and bacitracin inhibited aminopeptidase N (APN) and DPP-IV activities, reduced cell viability and increased DNA fragmentation, suggesting induction of apoptosis.	Bacitracin	51-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
32846184-9	2020	Additionally, bestatin emerges as a new lead compound for the development of DPP-IV inhibitors, and a promising dual APN/DPP-IV inhibitor for the treatment of pathologies in which both enzymes are upregulated.	ubenimex	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
33049493-0	2020	The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor trelagliptin inhibits IL-1beta-induced endothelial inflammation and monocytes attachment.	trelagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-32
32846184-9	2020	Additionally, bestatin emerges as a new lead compound for the development of DPP-IV inhibitors, and a promising dual APN/DPP-IV inhibitor for the treatment of pathologies in which both enzymes are upregulated.	ubenimex	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
33049493-4	2020	As a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, trelagliptin is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	trelagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-50
33463083-6	2020	The effect of AM80 on human CCR6+CD26+ V delta 2 cells was assessed by flow cytometry.	tamibarotene	14-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
33256016-4	2020	An inhibitor of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4), sitagliptin, is used in diabetes treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
32998057-3	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a serine peptidase, cleaves N-terminal dipeptides of GLP-1, rendering it inactive and responsible for its short half-life.	Serine	33-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
32998057-3	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), a serine peptidase, cleaves N-terminal dipeptides of GLP-1, rendering it inactive and responsible for its short half-life.	Dipeptides	70-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
33425803-1	2020	Sulfonylurea (SU) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are most common secondary agents that are added to metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	115-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
33425803-1	2020	Sulfonylurea (SU) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are most common secondary agents that are added to metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	115-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
33245796-1	2021	AIM: Evogliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	5-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
33256016-4	2020	An inhibitor of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4), sitagliptin, is used in diabetes treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
33205256-0	2021	[Alopecia areata universalis under treatment with sitagliptin : Possible immunological effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors?]	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
33205256-1	2021	A 64-year old man developed alopecia universalis after one month of treatment with metformin and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
33205256-1	2021	A 64-year old man developed alopecia universalis after one month of treatment with metformin and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Metformin	83-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
33205256-1	2021	A 64-year old man developed alopecia universalis after one month of treatment with metformin and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
32956689-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38alpha, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
32956689-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38alpha, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Carbon Tetrachloride	44-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
33189895-1	2021	AIMS: Preliminary data have suggested that metformin might potentiate cardiovascular (CV) protection by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), but reduce CV protection by sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at high CV-related risk.	Metformin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
33189895-1	2021	AIMS: Preliminary data have suggested that metformin might potentiate cardiovascular (CV) protection by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), but reduce CV protection by sodium-glucose cotransporter type-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at high CV-related risk.	Metformin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
33158436-11	2020	The advantage of SGLT2i over DPP4i persisted with different SGLT2i (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) and either low- or standard-dose SGLT2i.	dapagliflozin	68-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
33163625-9	2020	Since their introduction to the market, conflicting data regarding pancreatic side effects have been published, including a small risk of developing acute pancreatitis with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors like sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	212-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-195
33163625-9	2020	Since their introduction to the market, conflicting data regarding pancreatic side effects have been published, including a small risk of developing acute pancreatitis with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors like sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	228-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-195
33158436-11	2020	The advantage of SGLT2i over DPP4i persisted with different SGLT2i (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin) and either low- or standard-dose SGLT2i.	empagliflozin	85-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
33172034-5	2020	Subgroup analysis found lower MACCEs risk in the pioglitazone users without insulin therapy (6.44% vs. 10.04% (HR): 0.59, 95% (CI): 0.42-0.82) and lower MACCEs related death (2.76% vs. 3.84% (HR): 0.61, 95% (CI): 0.40-0.95) in the pioglitazone group with dyslipidemia, when comparing with DPP4-inhibitors users.	Pioglitazone	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	289-293
32971414-1	2020	A series of aminated- (1-9) and sulfonamide-containing diarylpentadienones (10-18) were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-diabetic potential on alpha-glucosidase and DPP-4 enzymes.	diarylpentadienones	55-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-216
33139859-6	2021	Dipeptidylpeptidase4 (DPP4/CD26), a serine protease that cleaves select penultimate amino acids of various proteins, has been previously implicated in the regulation of hematopoiesis.	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-20
33139859-6	2021	Dipeptidylpeptidase4 (DPP4/CD26), a serine protease that cleaves select penultimate amino acids of various proteins, has been previously implicated in the regulation of hematopoiesis.	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
33139859-6	2021	Dipeptidylpeptidase4 (DPP4/CD26), a serine protease that cleaves select penultimate amino acids of various proteins, has been previously implicated in the regulation of hematopoiesis.	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
32971414-3	2020	The sulfonamide-containing series (compounds 10-18) selectively inhibited alpha-glucosidase over DPP-4, in which compound 18 demonstrated the highest activity with an IC50 value of 5.69 +- 0.5 microM through a competitive inhibition mechanism.	Sulfonamides	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
32336007-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells.	Serine	88-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
32336007-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also known as cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), is a serine exopeptidase expressed ubiquitously in several tissues, including but not limited to lung, kidney, liver, gut, and immune cells.	Serine	88-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
32900785-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin with those of a sulfonylurea on renal physiology in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
31813365-8	2020	Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation studies of the procured hit revealed its good selectivity and stability in DPP-IV binding pocket and interactions observed with important amino acids viz., Trp629, Lys544 and Arg125.	spizofurone	190-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-115
31813365-8	2020	Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation studies of the procured hit revealed its good selectivity and stability in DPP-IV binding pocket and interactions observed with important amino acids viz., Trp629, Lys544 and Arg125.	pentalysine	198-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-115
31813365-8	2020	Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation studies of the procured hit revealed its good selectivity and stability in DPP-IV binding pocket and interactions observed with important amino acids viz., Trp629, Lys544 and Arg125.	acivicin	209-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-115
31813365-10	2020	Compound MolMall-20062 could be taken as a good lead for the development of DPP-IV inhibitors.Abbreviations: ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion; ChEBI: Chemical Entities of Biological Interest; DPP-IV: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV; DISCOtech: Distance Comparisons; HTVS: High Throughput Virtual Screening; MD: Molecular Dynamics; MM-GBSA: Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area; OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; PBVS: Pharmacophore Based Virtual Screening; PDB: Protein Data Bank; RMSD: Root Mean Square Deviation; ROC: Receiver Operating Characteristics; SP: Standard Precision; SBVS: Structure Based Virtual Screening; VS: Virtual Screening; XP: Extra Precision.	Glucose	418-425	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
33482956-0	2020	Evaluation of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors versus Thiazolidinediones or Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Uncontrolled with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea in a Real-World Setting.	Metformin	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
32588538-1	2020	Alogliptin is an antidiabetic drug that belongs to a group called dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitors.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
33879436-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has profound effect on insulin and glucagon secretion; ultimately decreasing glucose levels.	Glucose	145-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
33879436-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) and Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has profound effect on insulin and glucagon secretion; ultimately decreasing glucose levels.	Glucose	145-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
33879436-7	2020	DPP-4 concentrations were significantly lower in NDD participants compared to control and IGT participants (p=0.01), whereas GLP-1 levels were significantly higher in Control than Impaired glucose tolerant and NDD (p = 0.013).	Nordazepam	49-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
33879436-8	2020	GLP1 levels and SBP were also found to be positively correlated with serum DPP4 levels in NDD group (p<0.05).	Nordazepam	90-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
33879436-9	2020	GLP1 and DPP4 levels in NDD group (p<0.05) and in controls (p<0.001) respectively showed strong significant positive correlation.	Nordazepam	24-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
33879436-10	2020	Effective correlation between GLP1 and DPP4 was found as both contribute to control hyperglycemia in NDD and impaired glucose tolerant people.	Nordazepam	101-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
33122892-1	2020	Aim: Evogliptin is a newly developed oral glucose-lowering medication of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	5-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
33063510-0	2020	Effects of Different Dietary Flavonoids on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Activity and Expression: Insights into Structure-Activity Relationship.	Flavonoids	29-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-66
33063510-1	2020	The inhibitory effects of 30 dietary flavonoids on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were investigated to illustrate their quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and further explore their inhibition at the cellular level.	Flavonoids	37-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
33063510-1	2020	The inhibitory effects of 30 dietary flavonoids on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) were investigated to illustrate their quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and further explore their inhibition at the cellular level.	Flavonoids	37-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
33063510-6	2020	Moreover, the three flavonoids mentioned above could effectively suppress DPP-IV activity and expression in Caco-2 cells.	Flavonoids	20-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
33063510-7	2020	This work may supply new insights into dietary flavonoids as DPP-IV inhibitors for controlling blood glucose.	Flavonoids	47-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-67
33097060-3	2020	By contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) DPP-4i remain more widely used than SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in these patients, despite a similar cost to SGLT2i and a large body of evidence showing no clear benefit on cardiorenal outcomes.	(dpp-4i) dpp-4i	47-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
33122892-1	2020	Aim: Evogliptin is a newly developed oral glucose-lowering medication of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	5-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
33122892-1	2020	Aim: Evogliptin is a newly developed oral glucose-lowering medication of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	42-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
33122892-1	2020	Aim: Evogliptin is a newly developed oral glucose-lowering medication of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	42-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
33861731-8	2020	Subgroup analysis of different class of incretinbased drugs showed that therapy with both dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is, SMD = -0.338, p = 0.026) and glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs, SMD = -0.544, p = 0.003) caused significant reductions in hs-CRP.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	125-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
33057387-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) in patients without cardiovascular or renal disease, a majority of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes often excluded from clinical trials on this association, is poorly understood.	dpp-4i	73-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-60
33224612-3	2020	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones, increasing insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells and lowering glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
33224612-3	2020	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control by slowing the inactivation of incretin hormones, increasing insulin synthesis and release from pancreatic beta cells and lowering glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
33066488-0	2020	Characterization of Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Peptides from Soft-Shelled Turtle Yolk Hydrolysate Using Orthogonal Bioassay-Guided Fractionations Coupled with In Vitro and In Silico Study.	5-(Acetylamino)-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
33066488-5	2020	The DPP-IV inhibitory peptides derived from SSTY hydrolysate in study are promising in the management of hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes.	ssty hydrolysate	44-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
33045957-4	2021	OBJECTIVE: The activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP prolong and extend with DPP IV inhibitors which are responsible for stimulation of insulin secretion and regulate blood glucose level.	Glucose	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
33116702-10	2020	Conclusion: DPP4i saxagliptin improves NAFLD by ameliorating IR, inflammation, downregulation of hepatic DPP4 and sDPP4, as well as subsequent steatosis.	saxagliptin	18-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
33050169-13	2020	Paired comparisons showed that, during the postprandial period, vildagliptin significantly changed levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1, and also the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, while metformin had effects on plasma glucose solely.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-181
33030135-0	2022	Phenanthridine Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation.	phenanthridine sulfonamide	0-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
33030135-3	2022	OBJECTIVE: In this study, synthesis, characterization, and biological assessment of twelve novel phenanthridine sulfonamide derivatives 3a-3l as potential DPP-IV inhibitors was carried out.	phenanthridine sulfonamide	97-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-161
33030135-8	2022	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, phenanthridine sulfonamides could serve as potential DPP-IV inhibitors that require further structural optimization in order to enhance their inhibitory activity.	phenanthridine sulfonamides	27-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
33116701-0	2020	Add-On Therapy with DPP-4 Inhibitors May Improve Renal Function Decline in alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor and Metformin Users: A Retrospective Observational Study.	Metformin	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
33116701-12	2020	These results suggest that the beneficial effects of DPP-4 inhibitors on kidney function may have occurred in the presence of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and/or metformin.	Metformin	164-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
32822653-5	2020	Patients who received SGLT2 inhibitor or DPP4 inhibitor treatment all had significantly decreased HbA1c levels, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and systolic blood pressure at 24 weeks compared with patients treated with a placebo.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
32463179-1	2020	Because other coronaviruses enter the cells by binding to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), it has been speculated that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) may exert an activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	82-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
32463179-1	2020	Because other coronaviruses enter the cells by binding to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), it has been speculated that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) may exert an activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	82-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
32476255-1	2020	AIMS: To determine the glucose-independent effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus the sulfonylurea glimepiride on systemic hemodynamics in the fasting and postprandial state in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-85
33051573-10	2020	Our results provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the direct inhibitory effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor evogliptin on pathological retinal neovascularization.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	113-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Bleomycin	49-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Bleomycin	49-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Bleomycin	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Bleomycin	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
32731178-12	2020	CONCLUSION: As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
32731178-12	2020	CONCLUSION: As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
32697283-11	2020	Higher rates per 1000 person-years for DPP-4 inhibitor vs sulfonylurea groups were seen in those who were 65 years or older (0.79 vs 0.49; HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.32-1.99), white (0.93 vs 0.54; HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.30-2.24), and treated with linagliptin (1.20 vs 0.55; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.43).	Linagliptin	237-248	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
32697283-13	2020	Clinicians should be aware of this rare adverse effect of DPP-4 inhibitors in subgroups of patients who are older, white, and linagliptin users.	Linagliptin	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
32721805-12	2020	DPP4 inhibitors like sitagliptin reduce inflammation intensity in different states.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
32721805-14	2020	Sitagliptin, an available DPP4 inhibitor drug, showed multidimensional anti-inflammatory effects among diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
33001278-0	2020	The DPP-IV inhibitor saxagliptin promotes the migration and invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells via the NRF2/HO1 pathway.	saxagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
33001278-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	70-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
33001278-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are used to control blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	70-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
33001278-3	2020	The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the DPP-IV inhibitor saxagliptin on thyroid carcinoma cells.	saxagliptin	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
32998578-4	2022	Furthermore, the swertiamarin analogues were screened for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme inhibition with in silico studies.	swertiamarin	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
32998578-4	2022	Furthermore, the swertiamarin analogues were screened for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) enzyme inhibition with in silico studies.	swertiamarin	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
32998578-6	2022	In a nutshell, the compounds such as SNIPERSV-4 and SNIPERSV-7 have to pose good initial activity (~48%) in comparison to standard DPP-IV inhibitor (Sitagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	149-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-137
32780298-11	2020	Furthermore, ponatinib was more effective than imatinib in reducing the percentage of CD26-expressing cells in primary CML cells, whereas imatinib and ponatinib showed similar efficacy on KCL22 cells.	ponatinib	13-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
32574826-4	2020	The selective agonists of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptors (GLP-1Ras) and the Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IVIs, gliptins) are two newer classes of glucose-lowering drugs used for the treatment of DM.	Glucose	163-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-116
32780298-11	2020	Furthermore, ponatinib was more effective than imatinib in reducing the percentage of CD26-expressing cells in primary CML cells, whereas imatinib and ponatinib showed similar efficacy on KCL22 cells.	Imatinib Mesylate	47-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
32081046-3	2020	Nitrotyrosine and 8-iso-PGF2a mediated 18.4% and 12.6% of the total effect of DPP4 activity on BDNF, respectively.	3-nitrotyrosine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
32996028-1	2020	Linagliptin demonstrates substantial nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to its saturable binding to its pharmacological target dipeptidyl peptide 4 (DPP-4), a phenomenon known as target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
33117158-10	2020	Linagliptin, a clinically available DPP4 inhibitor, was observed to abrogate the soluble DPP4-induced expression of fibrotic proteins.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
33117158-10	2020	Linagliptin, a clinically available DPP4 inhibitor, was observed to abrogate the soluble DPP4-induced expression of fibrotic proteins.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
32996028-1	2020	Linagliptin demonstrates substantial nonlinear pharmacokinetics due to its saturable binding to its pharmacological target dipeptidyl peptide 4 (DPP-4), a phenomenon known as target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD).	dipeptidyl peptide 4	123-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
32996028-6	2020	The binding affinity of linagliptin to DPP-4 (Kd) was predicted to be higher in plasma (0.0740 nM) than that in tissue (1.29 nM).	Linagliptin	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
32938499-8	2020	Compared with the non-insulin antidiabetic drugs, the four DPP-4is were all disproportionately associated with four SMQs: "gastrointestinal nonspecific inflammation and dysfunctional conditions," "hypersensitivity," "severe cutaneous adverse reactions," and "noninfectious diarrhoea".	smqs	116-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
33061298-0	2020	DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Ameliorates Oxidized LDL-Induced THP-1 Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Inflammation.	Linagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
33061298-3	2020	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Linagliptin is commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients.	Linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
33061298-3	2020	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Linagliptin is commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients.	Linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
33061298-17	2020	This study indicates that the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin plays a critical role in preventing foam cell formation in vitro.	Linagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
32948146-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1.	Serine	48-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
32948146-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1.	Serine	48-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
32948146-5	2020	METHODS: The localization of renal DPP-4 activity was determined in human renal biopsy specimens with glycyl-1-prolyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and the effects of a DPP-4 inhibitor were examined in human cultured podocyte.	glycyl-1-prolyl-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide	102-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
32948146-8	2020	Notably, the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin suppressed DPP-4 activity in podocytes and the proximal tubules.	saxagliptin	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
32948146-8	2020	Notably, the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin suppressed DPP-4 activity in podocytes and the proximal tubules.	saxagliptin	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
32948146-9	2020	To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin.	Doxorubicin	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
32948146-9	2020	To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin.	Doxorubicin	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
32948146-9	2020	To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	188-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
32948146-9	2020	To assess the effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on podocytes, human cultured podocytes were injured by Adriamycin, which increased DPP-4 activity; this activity was dose-dependently suppressed by saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	188-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
32938499-9	2020	As for PT level analyses, DPP-4is are associated with higher reporting of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, malignancies, infection, musculoskeletal disorders, general disorders, hypersensitivity, and skin AEs.	Platinum	7-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
32982353-4	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, compared with glibenclamide in GV and endothelial function in patients with T2DM and arterial hypertension.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
32940185-0	2021	Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and QPLD Studies of Piperazine Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors.	Piperazine	54-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
32940185-10	2021	CONCLUSION: Piperazine derivatives were found to be successful new scaffold as potential DPP-IV inhibitors.	Piperazine	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
32909376-5	2020	Signals of harm in terms of increased risk of HF have been identified for thiazolidinediones and the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor saxagliptin, and therefore, these drugs are not currently recommended in HF.	saxagliptin	134-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-123
32535099-1	2020	This study investigated the vasodilatory effects and acting mechanism of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	LC15-0444	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
32535099-1	2020	This study investigated the vasodilatory effects and acting mechanism of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	LC15-0444	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
32886218-5	2022	METHODS: We evaluated the hemorheological parameters of 63 patients of whom 38 received metformin with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, while 25 received metformin with SGLT-2 inhibitor.	Metformin	88-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
33489850-0	2020	Efficacy and Safety of Novel Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Evogliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
32540146-0	2020	Teneligliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, Decreases Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Chemokines During a Standard Meal Test in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
32540146-5	2020	MATERIALS AND METHODS: In patients with type 2 diabetes, we investigated the effect of treatment with teneligliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) for 24 weeks on plasma levels of CCL11/Eotaxin, CCL22/MDC and CXCL10/IP-10 during a meal test.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	102-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
32540146-10	2020	RESULTS: Treatment with teneligliptin decreased hemoglobin A1c and reduced fasting plasma DPP-4 activity by 90.1% compared with baseline.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	24-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
32540146-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Teneligliptin reduced the plasma concentrations of 3 chemokines (DPP-4 substrates) that may be related to the occurrence of DPP4 inhibitor-associated BP (UMIN000012508).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	13-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
32540146-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Teneligliptin reduced the plasma concentrations of 3 chemokines (DPP-4 substrates) that may be related to the occurrence of DPP4 inhibitor-associated BP (UMIN000012508).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	13-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-141
32873667-2	2020	The objective of this study was to test whether glycaemic response to representative treatments of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin) and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) varies according to ethnicity, gender, baseline obesity, triglyceride level or genetic variation.	Vildagliptin	134-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-121
32900698-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
32661107-2	2020	We investigated the combination of the sulfonylurea glimepiride and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus glimepiride monotherapy with respect to glycemic variability, glycemic control, and risk of hypoglycemia.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
32746479-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an antidiabetic agent, belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
32746479-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an antidiabetic agent, belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
32512143-6	2020	Furthermore, considering the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor as a potential therapeutic target specific to KICH, several drug candidates such as ZINC6745464 were identified through virtual screening of ZINC molecules.	zinc6745464	152-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
32512143-6	2020	Furthermore, considering the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor as a potential therapeutic target specific to KICH, several drug candidates such as ZINC6745464 were identified through virtual screening of ZINC molecules.	zinc6745464	152-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
32663193-1	2020	Post-prandial triglycerides (TGs) are elevated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glucoregulatory agents such as Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors simultaneously reduce post-prandial TG excursion.	Triglycerides	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-195
32567544-2	2020	The present study assessed the action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on EPCs in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
32553713-2	2020	Concerning the non-insulin glucose-lowering therapy for diabetes, Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, members of the incretin family, represent new agents, capable of a glycemic control improvement with an advantageous safety profile, given the absence of weight gain, the low incidence of hypoglycemia and the good renal tolerance in patients suffering from chronic renal failure.	Glucose	27-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
32553713-2	2020	Concerning the non-insulin glucose-lowering therapy for diabetes, Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, members of the incretin family, represent new agents, capable of a glycemic control improvement with an advantageous safety profile, given the absence of weight gain, the low incidence of hypoglycemia and the good renal tolerance in patients suffering from chronic renal failure.	Glucose	27-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
32663193-1	2020	Post-prandial triglycerides (TGs) are elevated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glucoregulatory agents such as Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors simultaneously reduce post-prandial TG excursion.	Triglycerides	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-202
32663193-1	2020	Post-prandial triglycerides (TGs) are elevated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glucoregulatory agents such as Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors simultaneously reduce post-prandial TG excursion.	Triglycerides	29-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-195
32663193-1	2020	Post-prandial triglycerides (TGs) are elevated in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and glucoregulatory agents such as Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors simultaneously reduce post-prandial TG excursion.	Triglycerides	29-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-202
32849897-10	2020	The result of molecular docking indicated that DPP4 had strong binding activity with matrine, alicyclic protein, and sophoridine, and MMP9 had strong binding activity with adenine and sophoridine.	matrine	117-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	flavone	42-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	flavone	42-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	Apigenin	50-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	Apigenin	50-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	Apigenin	60-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
33133535-2	2020	We have previously shown that the dietary flavone apigenin (4",5,7-trihydroxyflavone) upregulates CD26/DPPIV on colon cells.	Apigenin	60-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
32849897-10	2020	The result of molecular docking indicated that DPP4 had strong binding activity with matrine, alicyclic protein, and sophoridine, and MMP9 had strong binding activity with adenine and sophoridine.	Adenine	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
32849897-10	2020	The result of molecular docking indicated that DPP4 had strong binding activity with matrine, alicyclic protein, and sophoridine, and MMP9 had strong binding activity with adenine and sophoridine.	matrine	184-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
32770420-1	2020	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Results from cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials have revealed important insights into the CV safety and efficacy of glucose-lowering agents, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA).	Glucose	135-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-192
32553739-3	2020	OBJECTIVE: This review discusses data concerning the use of DPP-4is and their cardiovascular profile, and gives an updated comparison with the other oral glucose-lowering medications with regards to safety and efficacy.	Glucose	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
32848769-7	2020	The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) component ACE2 and DPP4 are proteins dysregulated in diabetes.	Aldosterone	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
32203257-0	2020	Treatment of steroid resistant acute graft versus host disease with an anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody-Begelomab.	Steroids	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
32426859-1	2020	In the 25 years since the hypothesis was first described, therapeutic use of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4i) as a novel approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes has become established widely, with several compounds now available to exemplify the class.	dpp-4i	115-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
32767343-5	2020	Herein, we report the case of a patient with MM and selective IgG1 deficiency who showed remarkable clinical improvement after 2-year combination therapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin plus vitamin D3.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	179-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-168
32592113-4	2020	Furthermore, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme is highly expressed in the lung, and that it may have additional actions besides its effects on glucose metabolism, which might exert profound pro-inflammatory effects.	Glucose	146-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
32592113-4	2020	Furthermore, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme is highly expressed in the lung, and that it may have additional actions besides its effects on glucose metabolism, which might exert profound pro-inflammatory effects.	Glucose	146-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
32205561-8	2020	In vitro, DPP-4 inhibition also mitigated the alterations in the targeted ADAMTS13 and other oxidative and inflammatory molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in response to H2O2.	Hydrogen Peroxide	187-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
32274915-5	2020	Metformin seems to be safe and presents evident positive effects on insulin sensitivity, but long-term and consistent data are still missing to establish its role in the paediatric population and the possible effectiveness of other emergent treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, dual inhibitors of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and weight loss drugs.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	303-324
32274915-5	2020	Metformin seems to be safe and presents evident positive effects on insulin sensitivity, but long-term and consistent data are still missing to establish its role in the paediatric population and the possible effectiveness of other emergent treatments such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, dual inhibitors of SGLT1 and SGLT2 and weight loss drugs.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	326-331
32180303-3	2020	In the present study, a series of analogs of DPP-4 substrate inhibitors were synthesized in order to investigate could beta-amino acid homologation at the scissile bond be a valid approach to improve peptide stability towards DPP-4 degradation.	beta-amino acid	119-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
32803882-19	2020	However, DPP-4 inhibitors may reduce HbA1c and fasting blood glucose but not kidney function markers (1 study, 32 participants; low certainty evidence).	Glucose	61-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
32734634-0	2020	Assessment of the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of a novel octapeptide derived from rapeseed using Caco-2 cell monolayers and molecular docking analysis.	octapeptide	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
32728930-2	2020	In 2014, a most potent FAP-inhibitor (referred to as UAMC1110) with low nanomolar FAP-affinity and high selectivity toward related enzymes such as prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) and the dipeptidyl-peptidases (DPPs): DPP4, DPP8/9 and DPP2 were developed.	uamc1110	53-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-218
32180303-3	2020	In the present study, a series of analogs of DPP-4 substrate inhibitors were synthesized in order to investigate could beta-amino acid homologation at the scissile bond be a valid approach to improve peptide stability towards DPP-4 degradation.	beta-amino acid	119-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-231
32180303-7	2020	DPP-4 cleavage of alpha/beta-peptide bond with a broad promiscuity represents a new insight into stability of peptide analogs containing beta-amino acids since such analogs were thought to be stable towards enzymatic degradation.	beta-amino acids	137-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32543833-2	2020	For this purpose, the Lys26 (K26) side-chain, and the amino (N)- and carboxy (C)-termini of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPPIV)-resistant GLP-1 sequence (GLP-1(7-36;A8G)-NH2), were modified with an alkyne (4-pentynoic acid or propiolic acid).	Alkynes	195-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
32543833-2	2020	For this purpose, the Lys26 (K26) side-chain, and the amino (N)- and carboxy (C)-termini of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPPIV)-resistant GLP-1 sequence (GLP-1(7-36;A8G)-NH2), were modified with an alkyne (4-pentynoic acid or propiolic acid).	4-pentynoic acid	203-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
32543833-2	2020	For this purpose, the Lys26 (K26) side-chain, and the amino (N)- and carboxy (C)-termini of a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPPIV)-resistant GLP-1 sequence (GLP-1(7-36;A8G)-NH2), were modified with an alkyne (4-pentynoic acid or propiolic acid).	propiolic acid	223-237	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
32338063-1	2020	Objective: DBPR108, a novel dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, has shown great antihyperglycemic effect in animal models.	DBPR-108	11-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
32416556-0	2020	Corrigendum to "Optimization of the benzamide fragment targeting the S2" site leads to potent dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibitors" [Bioorg.	benzamide	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-117
32043288-0	2020	Adding Vitamin D3 to the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Saxagliptin Has the Potential to Protect beta-Cell Function in LADA Patients: A One-Year Pilot Study.	saxagliptin	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
32487805-1	2020	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a serine protease with diverse regulatory functions in healthy and diseased cells.	Serine	54-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
32487805-1	2020	PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is a serine protease with diverse regulatory functions in healthy and diseased cells.	Serine	54-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
32166899-0	2020	Angiogenic T cells are decreased in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and recruited by the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Linagliptin.	Linagliptin	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-116
32166899-4	2020	Tang cell levels were investigated in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared with matched healthy controls (HC) and after treatment with the DPP4-inhibitor Linagliptin.	Linagliptin	170-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
32504219-11	2020	Those receiving first-line dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were more likely to receive second-line biguanides and vice versa.	Biguanides	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
33471640-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have been shown to be effective for the management of inpatient diabetes.	dpp-4i	29-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
32559768-3	2020	The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects and safety of sitagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4I), in treating NAFLD.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-132
31774618-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, a class of oral hypoglycemic agents, are widely used, especially in Asian populations, as they have been shown to be well-tolerated and to cause relatively few hypoglycemic events despite exerting a potent glucose-lowering effect by promoting endogenous insulin secretion, besides also having extra-pancreatic effects.	Glucose	247-254	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
33479584-1	2021	Objective: Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, recently demonstrated cardiovascular (CV) safety versus placebo in Asians with advanced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the CARMELINA  trial.	Linagliptin	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
32655736-0	2020	Comprehensive Efficacy of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Alogliptin in Practical Clinical Settings: A Prospective Multi-Center Interventional Observational Study.	alogliptin	63-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
32655736-1	2020	Background: This study aimed to verify the safety and efficacy, including glycemic control, of the selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	142-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-131
32539832-0	2020	Treatment with anagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, decreases FABP4 concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a high risk for cardiovascular disease who are receiving statin therapy.	anagliptin	15-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
33479584-0	2021	Effect of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, compared with the sulfonylurea glimepiride on cardiovascular outcomes in Asians with type 2 diabetes: subgroup analysis of the randomized CAROLINA  trial.	Linagliptin	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
32613113-0	2020	Hydrophobic interactions at subsite S1" of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV contribute significantly to the inhibitory effect of tripeptides.	tripeptides	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
32613113-3	2020	First, we performed comprehensive binding mode analysis of the dipeptide library and demonstrated that the formation of a tight interaction with the S1 subsite composing part of the substrate pocket is essential for dipeptides to compete with the substrate and strongly inhibit hDPP4.	Dipeptides	63-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	278-283
32613113-3	2020	First, we performed comprehensive binding mode analysis of the dipeptide library and demonstrated that the formation of a tight interaction with the S1 subsite composing part of the substrate pocket is essential for dipeptides to compete with the substrate and strongly inhibit hDPP4.	Dipeptides	216-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	278-283
32613113-4	2020	Next, we synthesized tripeptides by adding various amino acids to the C-terminus of Ile-Pro and Val-Pro, which have especially high inhibitory activity among compounds in the dipeptide library, and measured the hDPP4 inhibitory activity of the tripeptides.	tripeptides	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-216
32613113-4	2020	Next, we synthesized tripeptides by adding various amino acids to the C-terminus of Ile-Pro and Val-Pro, which have especially high inhibitory activity among compounds in the dipeptide library, and measured the hDPP4 inhibitory activity of the tripeptides.	tripeptides	244-255	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-216
32613113-6	2020	This phenomenon could be explained as follows: the C-terminal amino acid of the tripeptide formed hydrophobic interactions with Tyr547 and Trp629, which compose the S1" subsite located relatively outside the substrate pocket, thereby stabilizing the hDPP4-peptide binding.	tripeptide K-26	80-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	250-255
32539832-3	2020	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, has been reported to decrease FABP4 concentration in drug-naive and sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
32553157-6	2020	The ability to modulate the cytotoxic potential of CD26hiCD94lo Vdelta2+ cells, combined with their adenosine-binding capacity, may make them ideal targets for immunotherapeutic expansion and adoptive transfer.	Adenosine	100-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-71
32539832-3	2020	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, has been reported to decrease FABP4 concentration in drug-naive and sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	100-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
32539832-4	2020	Anagliptin, another DPP-4 inhibitor, was shown to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level to a greater extent than that by sitagliptin in the Randomized Evaluation of Anagliptin vs. Sitagliptin On low-density lipoproteiN cholesterol in diabetes (REASON) trial.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
32539832-6	2020	RESULTS: The DPP-4 inhibitor had been administered in 82% of the patients in the anagliptin group and 81% of the patients in sitagliptin group prior to randomization.	anagliptin	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
32582019-7	2020	DPP-4is had a greater glucose-lowering effect, but a weaker weight-loss effect than acarbose in pair-wise meta-analysis (p < 0.05).	Glucose	22-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32396370-0	2020	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitory Activity of Katsuobushi-Derived Peptides in Caco-2 Cell Assay and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in ICR Mice.	katsuobushi-derived peptides	47-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
32587614-13	2020	Likewise, a combination therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin and metformin demonstrated superiority versus metformin in fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test normalization.	saxagliptin	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
32587614-13	2020	Likewise, a combination therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin and metformin demonstrated superiority versus metformin in fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test normalization.	Glucose	153-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
32587614-13	2020	Likewise, a combination therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin and metformin demonstrated superiority versus metformin in fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test normalization.	Glucose	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
32582019-8	2020	However, NMA with 11,877 participants showed that, at their optimal doses, acarbose and DPP-4is had similar glucose-lowering effects on the 2-h postprandial glucose (MD 0.96 mmol/L, 95% credible interval -0.56 to 2.54), HbA1c (0.05%, -0.25 to 0.33), fasting plasma glucose reductions (-0.27 mmol/L, -0.76 to 0.24), and HbA1c < 7.0% target goal achievement (RR 1.33, 0.51 to 3.64).	Glucose	157-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
32582019-8	2020	However, NMA with 11,877 participants showed that, at their optimal doses, acarbose and DPP-4is had similar glucose-lowering effects on the 2-h postprandial glucose (MD 0.96 mmol/L, 95% credible interval -0.56 to 2.54), HbA1c (0.05%, -0.25 to 0.33), fasting plasma glucose reductions (-0.27 mmol/L, -0.76 to 0.24), and HbA1c < 7.0% target goal achievement (RR 1.33, 0.51 to 3.64).	Glucose	157-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
32493335-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The EXAMINE trial tested the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, compared with placebo in 5380 patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent acute coronary syndrome.	alogliptin	64-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
32362346-1	2020	PURPOSE: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require strict blood glucose control, and combination therapy with a thiazolidinedione and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as lobeglitazone and sitagliptin, is one of the recommended treatments.	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
32493344-3	2020	Cellular mechanisms of DPP4 inhibitors such as linagliptin (LG) on CVD risk, in patients with T2DM with established CKD has not been established.	Linagliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
32493344-3	2020	Cellular mechanisms of DPP4 inhibitors such as linagliptin (LG) on CVD risk, in patients with T2DM with established CKD has not been established.	Linagliptin	60-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
32493344-4	2020	Linagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor when added to insulin, metformin or both may improve endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic kidney disease (DKD) population.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
32362346-1	2020	PURPOSE: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require strict blood glucose control, and combination therapy with a thiazolidinedione and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as lobeglitazone and sitagliptin, is one of the recommended treatments.	lobeglitazone	182-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
32543789-0	2020	A Physiologically-Based Quantitative Systems Pharmacology Model of the Incretin Hormones GLP-1 and GIP and the DPP4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
32362346-1	2020	PURPOSE: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus require strict blood glucose control, and combination therapy with a thiazolidinedione and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as lobeglitazone and sitagliptin, is one of the recommended treatments.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	200-211	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
32328953-2	2020	We explored whether initial combination treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and metformin could provide better glycemic control (HbA1c <= 6.5%) than metformin alone without increasing hypoglycemia.	Linagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
32543789-5	2020	We further extended the model with a PB pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics model of the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin that allows predictions of the effects of this medication class on incretin concentrations.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
32423671-0	2020	Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine.	Methionine	180-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
32048396-1	2020	AIM: To evaluate the effect of adding the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to insulin on the glycaemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing haemodialysis.	vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
32615723-3	2020	We investigated inhibition of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced EndMT by gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor.	LC15-0444	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-114
32423671-0	2020	Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine.	Histidine	201-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
32423671-0	2020	Exploration of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida and identification of the inhibitors as amino acids like methionine, leucine, histidine, and isoleucine.	Isoleucine	216-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
32423671-1	2020	We have reported previously that the water extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida has inhibitory effect on human dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) in vitro.	Water	37-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
32423671-1	2020	We have reported previously that the water extract of the earthworm Eisenia fetida has inhibitory effect on human dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) in vitro.	Water	37-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
32423671-2	2020	Here we studied to identify DPP IV inhibitors in a low-molecular mass extract (designated U3EE) under 3 kDa prepared from the water extract.	Water	126-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
32423671-8	2020	DPP IV inhibition by U3EE might be due to additive and/or synergistic effects of the inhibitory amino acids, suggesting that it could be useful as pharmaceutical and supplement for diabetes prevention.	u3ee	21-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
32546973-1	2020	Objective: Fimasartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, are frequently coadministered to treat patients with hypertension and diabetes, respectively.	Linagliptin	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-107
32179246-2	2020	Alogliptin, an important selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has displayed a wide range of pharmacological capacities.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
32179246-2	2020	Alogliptin, an important selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has displayed a wide range of pharmacological capacities.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
32566677-8	2020	In contrast, expressions of CD29-a subunit of the fibronectin receptor-or of the tetraspanin CD9 were lower after extended treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitors; less of the CD9 was seen at the plasma membrane after prolonged exposure to sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	236-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
32430013-9	2020	Mechanistically, circMET induced this microenvironment through the miR-30-5p/Snail/ dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)/CXCL10 axis.	circmet	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
32430013-9	2020	Mechanistically, circMET induced this microenvironment through the miR-30-5p/Snail/ dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4)/CXCL10 axis.	circmet	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-111
32534505-0	2020	Sitagliptin Repositioning in SARS-CoV-2: Effects on ACE-2, CD-26, and Inflammatory Cytokine Storms in the Lung.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
31891536-7	2020	Independently of glucose-stimulated incretin hormones, AT-DPP4-KO had improved glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity.	Glucose	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
32323194-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan in 2012.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
31912513-2	2020	Parenterally administered dutogliptin may provide continuous strong DPP-IV inhibition to translate these results into humans.	dutogliptin	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
31912513-12	2020	All subjects receiving >=60 mg dutogliptin yielded a maximum DPP-IV inhibition >90%.	dutogliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-67
31912513-15	2020	DPP-IV inhibition increased dose dependently to >86% over 24 hours after multiple doses of 120 mg dutogliptin.	dutogliptin	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
32050809-4	2020	Among the metformin users, we assessed the titration in its dose or treatment during the 12 month period after initiation at 3 month intervals.Results: Among 20,401 new antidiabetic users, the most frequently used agents during the study period were dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is; 47.4%), followed by biguanides (18.5%) and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is; 6.7%).	Metformin	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	250-272
32050809-6	2020	Moreover, 27% remained on the same daily dose during the 1 year follow-up, whereas another 29.9% discontinued their antidiabetic treatment altogether.Conclusions: A unique pattern of prescription was observed amongst Japanese patients with T2DM, and DPP4is, rather than metformin, were predominantly used as the first-line treatment.	Metformin	270-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	250-254
31858859-8	2020	The results suggested that DPP-4 inhibitor and GLP-1 Ra can reduce the rate of developing postpartum diabetes, help to normalization of blood glucose and improve insulin resistance and beta-cell function.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
32061923-2	2020	Numerous investigations have been focused on the effects of DPP4is on glucose homeostasis.	Glucose	70-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
32228183-1	2020	Objectives: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
32228183-1	2020	Objectives: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
32704554-2	2020	New glucose-lowering therapies like DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors have undergone cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), as by the guidance of the FDA.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	Creatinine	111-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
32390941-1	2020	Objective: We recently observed a greater increase in plasma levels of bioactive glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) than glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) using the receptor-mediated bioassays in the subjects with normal glycemic tolerance (NGT) treated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which may be unappreciated using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) during oral glucose tolerance test.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	273-295
32390941-1	2020	Objective: We recently observed a greater increase in plasma levels of bioactive glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) than glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) using the receptor-mediated bioassays in the subjects with normal glycemic tolerance (NGT) treated with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which may be unappreciated using conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) during oral glucose tolerance test.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	297-302
32390941-9	2020	During the serial MTT, administration of DPP-4 inhibitor significantly increased active GIP bioassay levels, but not active GLP-1 bioassay .	monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate	18-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
32315321-1	2020	The proline-specific enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) are known for their involvement in the immune system and blood pressure regulation.	Proline	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
32315321-1	2020	The proline-specific enzymes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP), fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) are known for their involvement in the immune system and blood pressure regulation.	Proline	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
32294701-2	2020	DPP4 expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens that were gathered from 327 HCC patients.	Formaldehyde	32-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
32294701-2	2020	DPP4 expression was measured in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens that were gathered from 327 HCC patients.	Paraffin	47-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
32141024-6	2020	Patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) as the second-line ADD had a 7% (95% hazard ratio [HR] confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.10) and 28% (95% HR CI 1.24-1.33) higher adjusted risk of intensifying with a third-line ADD than did those receiving sulfonylureas as the second-line ADD.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	325-338	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
31955862-9	2020	Increased expression of DPP4 or METTL7A was observed in MTX-resistant cancer cell lines and choriocarcinoma tissues.	Methotrexate	56-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
31955862-10	2020	Knockdown of DPP4 or METTL7A significantly decreased cell viability, impaired clonogenesis, and increased apoptosis after MTX treatment in JEG3/MTX and JAR/MTX cells; while over-expression of DPP4 or METTL7A promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis following exposure to MTX in JEG3, JAR and BEWO cells.	Methotrexate	122-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
31955862-10	2020	Knockdown of DPP4 or METTL7A significantly decreased cell viability, impaired clonogenesis, and increased apoptosis after MTX treatment in JEG3/MTX and JAR/MTX cells; while over-expression of DPP4 or METTL7A promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis following exposure to MTX in JEG3, JAR and BEWO cells.	Methotrexate	122-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	192-196
31955862-10	2020	Knockdown of DPP4 or METTL7A significantly decreased cell viability, impaired clonogenesis, and increased apoptosis after MTX treatment in JEG3/MTX and JAR/MTX cells; while over-expression of DPP4 or METTL7A promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis following exposure to MTX in JEG3, JAR and BEWO cells.	Methotrexate	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
31955862-10	2020	Knockdown of DPP4 or METTL7A significantly decreased cell viability, impaired clonogenesis, and increased apoptosis after MTX treatment in JEG3/MTX and JAR/MTX cells; while over-expression of DPP4 or METTL7A promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis following exposure to MTX in JEG3, JAR and BEWO cells.	Methotrexate	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
31955862-10	2020	Knockdown of DPP4 or METTL7A significantly decreased cell viability, impaired clonogenesis, and increased apoptosis after MTX treatment in JEG3/MTX and JAR/MTX cells; while over-expression of DPP4 or METTL7A promoted cell viability and reduced apoptosis following exposure to MTX in JEG3, JAR and BEWO cells.	Methotrexate	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
31955862-11	2020	Further, DPP4 and METTL7A differentially activated prosurvival signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, ERK1/2 and STAT3, and attenuated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in choriocarcinoma cell lines.	Oxygen	164-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
31955862-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4 and METTL7A might promote MTX resistance through activating pro-survival signaling pathways and attenuating the accumulation of ROS in choriocarcinoma cells.	Methotrexate	44-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
31955862-13	2020	Targeting DPP4 and METTL7A might be useful to sensitize choriocarcinoma cells to MTX-based chemotherapy.	Methotrexate	81-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
32211075-1	2020	Background: Omarigliptin is a potent, selective, oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor with a half-life that allows weekly dosing.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
32211075-1	2020	Background: Omarigliptin is a potent, selective, oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor with a half-life that allows weekly dosing.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
33919584-4	2021	Herein, we demonstrate apabetalone, the most clinical advanced BET inhibitor, downregulates expression of cell surface receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) in SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells.	apabetalone	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-234
33919584-4	2021	Herein, we demonstrate apabetalone, the most clinical advanced BET inhibitor, downregulates expression of cell surface receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) in SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells.	apabetalone	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-240
33919584-4	2021	Herein, we demonstrate apabetalone, the most clinical advanced BET inhibitor, downregulates expression of cell surface receptors involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) in SARS-CoV-2 permissive cells.	apabetalone	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-248
32301442-3	2020	Sitagliptin acts as a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor to reduce glucose level in type 2 diabetes, but its role in fibrosis of lung fibroblasts is elusive.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
32301442-3	2020	Sitagliptin acts as a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor to reduce glucose level in type 2 diabetes, but its role in fibrosis of lung fibroblasts is elusive.	Glucose	65-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
32326391-5	2020	The DSS-induced ER-stress resulted in impaired intracellular trafficking and polarized sorting of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), which are normally sorted to the apical membrane via association with lipid rafts.	Dextran Sulfate	4-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-148
32326391-5	2020	The DSS-induced ER-stress resulted in impaired intracellular trafficking and polarized sorting of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), which are normally sorted to the apical membrane via association with lipid rafts.	Dextran Sulfate	4-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
32337291-3	2020	In this study, we described a case of TBIR that developed 6 months after DPP-4 inhibitor administration and immediately after the patient caught a cold.	tbir	38-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
31789451-0	2020	Persistent whole day meal effects of three dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glycemia and hormonal responses in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	115-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
31789451-1	2020	AIM: DPP-4 inhibition has effects on both fasting and post-prandial glucose.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
31789451-6	2020	RESULTS: Compared to placebo, DPP-4 inhibition reduced glucose levels, increased beta-cell function (insulin secretory rate in relation to glucose), suppressed glucagon, increased intact GLP-1 and GIP but suppressed total GLP-1 and GIP after all three meals.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31789451-6	2020	RESULTS: Compared to placebo, DPP-4 inhibition reduced glucose levels, increased beta-cell function (insulin secretory rate in relation to glucose), suppressed glucagon, increased intact GLP-1 and GIP but suppressed total GLP-1 and GIP after all three meals.	Glucose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31789451-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition has persistent daytime effects on glucose, islet and incretin hormones with no difference between three different DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
32164029-7	2020	Among the SGLT2 inhibitors added to the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, the decreases of serum levels of AST, ALT and gamma-GTP were particularly significant in the group receiving luseogliflozin, suggesting that the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with luseogliflozin is particularly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with liver dysfunction.	1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol	176-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
32164029-7	2020	Among the SGLT2 inhibitors added to the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, the decreases of serum levels of AST, ALT and gamma-GTP were particularly significant in the group receiving luseogliflozin, suggesting that the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with luseogliflozin is particularly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with liver dysfunction.	1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol	176-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
32164029-7	2020	Among the SGLT2 inhibitors added to the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, the decreases of serum levels of AST, ALT and gamma-GTP were particularly significant in the group receiving luseogliflozin, suggesting that the combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with luseogliflozin is particularly effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with liver dysfunction.	1,5-anhydro-1-(5-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-2-methoxy-4-methylphenyl)-1-thioglucitol	250-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
32218354-2	2020	Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
32218354-2	2020	Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
31988243-8	2020	Additionally, we show that glucocorticoid-induced DPP4 expression is blocked by the GR antagonist RU-486 and by GR siRNA transfection and that DPP4 enzyme activity is reduced by DPP4 inhibitors.	Mifepristone	98-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
31988243-9	2020	Of note, glucocorticoids highly stimulated macrophage mobility; unexpectedly, DPP4 mediated the glucocorticoid-induced macrophage migration, and siRNA-mediated knockdowns of GR and DPP4 blocked dexamethasone-induced THP1-MPhi migration.	Dexamethasone	194-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
31988243-9	2020	Of note, glucocorticoids highly stimulated macrophage mobility; unexpectedly, DPP4 mediated the glucocorticoid-induced macrophage migration, and siRNA-mediated knockdowns of GR and DPP4 blocked dexamethasone-induced THP1-MPhi migration.	Dexamethasone	194-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-185
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	217-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	alogliptin	248-258	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	314-325	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	alogliptin	327-337	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
32317005-4	2020	RESULTS: Our study showed a favorable effect on HbA1c concentration and a slightly unfavorable effect on serum creatinine concentration in users of the five DPP-4 inhibitors, a favorable effect on lipid metabolism in sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin users, and a favorable effect on hepatic parameters in sitagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin users, in comparison of the baseline and exposure periods.	Linagliptin	343-354	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
31498425-1	2020	Recently, we analysed a case series of bullous pemphigoid (BP) for antibodies to various domains of BP180 using ELISA and immunoblotting, and showed that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor-associated BP (DPP4i-BP) patients tend to demonstrate non-inflammatory phenotype and positive reactivity to midportion of BP180.1 However, the.	dpp4i-bp	202-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-176
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Nitrogen	71-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Nitrogen	71-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Dipeptides	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Dipeptides	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	isoleucyl-prolyl-proline	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	isoleucyl-prolyl-proline	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Alanine	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31866290-1	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an aminopeptidase that cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from peptides bearing proline or alanine residues.	Alanine	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
31866290-2	2020	Currently, DPP-IV activity is quantified by spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods, which employ Gly-Pro-pNA and Gly-Pro-AMC respectively, as substrate.	prolylglycine	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
31866290-2	2020	Currently, DPP-IV activity is quantified by spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods, which employ Gly-Pro-pNA and Gly-Pro-AMC respectively, as substrate.	prolylglycine	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
31866290-7	2020	The IC50 values of diprotin A against DPP-IV from human, porcine, and bovine sera were 7.83, 8.62, 9.17 muM, respectively.	diprotin A	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
31873865-1	2020	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan in 2012.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
31693275-2	2020	In health, the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, has been shown to lower blood glucose and glucagon and increase energy expenditure during an intraduodenal fat infusion.	vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
31693275-2	2020	In health, the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, has been shown to lower blood glucose and glucagon and increase energy expenditure during an intraduodenal fat infusion.	Glucose	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
32076999-4	2020	The relationship between DPP4 levels, WHO pathological grade gliomas, and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) status was assessed in patient samples.	Isocitrates	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
31885117-5	2020	Among the DPP-4 inhibitors available in Taiwan, vildagliptin showed the highest risk of BP (aHR, 2.849; 95% CI, 1.893-4.215; P < 0.001), followed by saxagliptin (aHR, 2.657; 95% CI, 1.770-3.934; P < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
31885117-7	2020	This study revealed that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors, especially vildagliptin, was significantly associated with an increased risk of BP among DM patients.	Vildagliptin	69-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
31706956-0	2020	Metabolism of GIP and the contribution of GIP to the glucose-lowering properties of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	53-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
31809770-5	2020	Like GIP(1-42), GIP(1-30)NH2 is a substrate for DPP-4 generating GIP(3-30)NH2 which, compared to GIP(3-42), binds with higher affinity and very efficiently inhibits GIP receptor (GIPR) activity with no intrinsic activity.	Ammonia	25-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
32194335-12	2020	The most common second line drugs were DPP4 inhibitors, mainly sitagliptin, followed by the third and second generation of sulfonylureas.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
32133429-0	2020	Letter to the Editor: "Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Decreased Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Sitagliptin".	Sitagliptin Phosphate	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
32093712-10	2020	According to the measurement of glucose and insulin tolerance and glucose uptake abilities, we found that the overexpression of miR-214 could be used to alleviate IR in the IR models, especially when collaboratively used with DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	241-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
32133430-0	2020	Response to Letter to the Editor: "Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Decreased Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Sitagliptin".	Sitagliptin Phosphate	138-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
32104696-0	2020	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Is a Target Protein of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate.	epigallocatechin gallate	46-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
32084231-0	2020	Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in cancer patients with diabetes mellitus: A retrospective study.	Cisplatin	47-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
32084231-3	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to attenuate cisplatin-induced AKI in animal models, but the effect in human patients remains to be clarified.	Cisplatin	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
32084231-3	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to attenuate cisplatin-induced AKI in animal models, but the effect in human patients remains to be clarified.	Cisplatin	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
32084231-4	2020	We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitors can prevent cisplatin-induced AKI in diabetic-cancer patients.	Cisplatin	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
32084231-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors may decrease the risk of cisplatin-induced AKI in diabetic patients.	Cisplatin	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
32802709-1	2020	Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are one of the most frequently prescribed anti-diabetic agents in Japan, and they are often used in combination with insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas and glinides.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	202-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
32802709-1	2020	Abstract: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) are one of the most frequently prescribed anti-diabetic agents in Japan, and they are often used in combination with insulin secretagogues, such as sulfonylureas and glinides.	glinides	220-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
32104696-9	2020	To test the stability of the interactions between EGCG and DPP4, molecular dynamics simulation for 100 ns was performed using Desmond software.	epigallocatechin gallate	50-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
32104696-10	2020	In vitro, the concentration of EGCG required to inhibit DPP4 activity by 50% (the IC50 value) was 28.42 muM.	epigallocatechin gallate	31-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
31939471-1	2020	This article presents a new label-free fluorescence assay based on supramolecular self-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril and specific peptide Gly-Pro-Phe-Gly for monitoring DPP4 activity in clinical samples.	uril	110-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-171
31939471-1	2020	This article presents a new label-free fluorescence assay based on supramolecular self-assembly of cucurbit[7]uril and specific peptide Gly-Pro-Phe-Gly for monitoring DPP4 activity in clinical samples.	gly-pro-phe-gly	136-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-171
31385198-4	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a highly promising novel class of oral agents used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that may be successfully combined with currently available antidiabetic therapeutics in order to achieve blood glucose goals.	Glucose	259-266	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31709757-4	2020	Data on the physicochemical properties of amino acids in the dipeptides acting as inhibitors of DPP-IV were collected and analyzed for using these properties as descriptors in further analysis.	Dipeptides	61-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
31709757-7	2020	From the SAR model created, a multiple regression equation was derived to predict the biological activity of the dipeptide DPP-IV inhibitors.	Dipeptides	113-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
31656058-1	2020	Teneligliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
31656058-1	2020	Teneligliptin is a recently developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
31300870-2	2020	Besides the membrane-bound enzyme, a catalytically active soluble form (sCD26/DPP4) is detected in several body fluids.	scd26	72-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-131
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	214-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	214-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	214-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
31300870-4	2020	CD26/DPP4 plays a fundamental role in the regulation of blood glucose levels by inactivating insulinotropic incretins and CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are thus routinely used in diabetes mellitus type 2 therapy to improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	214-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-131
31822955-6	2020	For aspiration pneumonia, trelagliptin was the only drug among the DPP-4-Is for which both ROR and IC signals were detected (ROR 9.99, 95% CI: 4.10 to 24.36; IC: 1.98, 95% CI: 0.78 to 3.18).	trelagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
31385198-4	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a highly promising novel class of oral agents used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that may be successfully combined with currently available antidiabetic therapeutics in order to achieve blood glucose goals.	Glucose	259-266	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31897456-0	2020	Fabrication of a water-soluble near-infrared fluorescent probe for selective detection and imaging of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in biological systems.	Water	17-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-125
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-108
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
31971463-1	2020	Introduction: Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a surface bound ectopeptidase that is commonly known as CD26 or adenosine deaminase binding protein.	Adenosine	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
32010309-1	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor on blood sugar level and cognitive ability in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI).	Sugars	105-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
32010309-1	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor on blood sugar level and cognitive ability in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with post-stroke mild cognitive impairment (MCI).	Sugars	105-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
32010309-4	2020	Using DPP-4 inhibitor in elderly patients with T2DM combined with post-stroke MCI can lower blood sugar and improve cognitive ability.	Sugars	98-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
32095176-1	2020	Background: Recently, we reported that the level of lathosterol, a cholesterol synthesis marker, was suppressed after 1 month of treatment with anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	lathosterol	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-180
32095176-1	2020	Background: Recently, we reported that the level of lathosterol, a cholesterol synthesis marker, was suppressed after 1 month of treatment with anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	anagliptin	144-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-180
30109593-8	2020	Diabetic patients receiving dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) had a significantly lower MRGlu in transmural match, mismatch, and reverse mismatch.	mrglu	96-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
32023875-0	2020	Quercetin and Coumarin Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV and Exhibits Antioxidant Properties: In Silico, In Vitro, Ex Vivo.	Quercetin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
32023875-0	2020	Quercetin and Coumarin Inhibit Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV and Exhibits Antioxidant Properties: In Silico, In Vitro, Ex Vivo.	coumarin	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
32023875-2	2020	The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of quercetin and coumarin on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and their antioxidant potential.	Quercetin	70-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
32023875-2	2020	The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of quercetin and coumarin on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and their antioxidant potential.	Quercetin	70-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
32023875-2	2020	The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of quercetin and coumarin on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and their antioxidant potential.	coumarin	84-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
32023875-2	2020	The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory activity of quercetin and coumarin on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and their antioxidant potential.	coumarin	84-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
32023875-3	2020	DPP-IV inhibition assays were performed, and evaluated IC50 values of diprotin A, quercetin, coumarin, and sitagliptin were found to be 0.653, 4.02, 54.83, and 5.49 nmol/mL, respectively.	diprotin A	70-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
32023875-3	2020	DPP-IV inhibition assays were performed, and evaluated IC50 values of diprotin A, quercetin, coumarin, and sitagliptin were found to be 0.653, 4.02, 54.83, and 5.49 nmol/mL, respectively.	sitagliptin	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
32023875-4	2020	Furthermore, in silico studies such as the drug-likeliness and docking efficiency of quercetin and coumarin to the DPP-IV protein were performed; the ex vivo antiperoxidative potential of quercetin and coumarin were also evaluated.	Quercetin	85-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
32023875-4	2020	Furthermore, in silico studies such as the drug-likeliness and docking efficiency of quercetin and coumarin to the DPP-IV protein were performed; the ex vivo antiperoxidative potential of quercetin and coumarin were also evaluated.	coumarin	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
32023875-4	2020	Furthermore, in silico studies such as the drug-likeliness and docking efficiency of quercetin and coumarin to the DPP-IV protein were performed; the ex vivo antiperoxidative potential of quercetin and coumarin were also evaluated.	Quercetin	188-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
32023875-4	2020	Furthermore, in silico studies such as the drug-likeliness and docking efficiency of quercetin and coumarin to the DPP-IV protein were performed; the ex vivo antiperoxidative potential of quercetin and coumarin were also evaluated.	coumarin	202-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
32023875-5	2020	The results of the present study showed that the DPP-IV inhibitory potential of quercetin was slightly higher than that of sitagliptin.	Quercetin	80-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
32023875-6	2020	Virtual docking revealed the tight binding of quercetin with DPP-IV protein.	Quercetin	46-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-67
31897456-3	2020	Herein, a water-soluble near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe HCA-D based on cyanine dyes as the fluorophore and glycyl-prolyl peptide as the specific recognition sequence was developed for the assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity.	Water	10-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-226
31897456-3	2020	Herein, a water-soluble near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe HCA-D based on cyanine dyes as the fluorophore and glycyl-prolyl peptide as the specific recognition sequence was developed for the assay of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity.	Water	10-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-234
31990936-0	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin reduces fasting apolipoprotein B-48 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.	anagliptin	33-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	anagliptin	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	anagliptin	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	Triglycerides	197-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	Triglycerides	197-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	Cholesterol	239-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
31990936-2	2020	Several incretin-based drugs are reported to improve lipid metabolism, and one of these medications, anagliptin, is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been shown to decrease serum triglyceride and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol.	Cholesterol	239-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
31990936-12	2020	This study showed that the DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin reduces fasting apolipoprotein B-48 levels, suggesting that this drug may have beneficial effects on lipid metabolism possibly mediated by the inhibition of intestinal lipid transport.	anagliptin	43-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
32132864-10	2020	In the logistic regression analyses, DPP-4 inhibitors (adjusted ROR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-1.00) and metformin (adjusted ROR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34-0.62) were inversely associated with amiodarone-associated hyperthyroidism and interstitial lung disease, respectively.	Amiodarone	175-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
31786186-0	2020	Effect of resveratrol on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors pharmacokinetics: An in vitro and in vivo approach.	resveratrol	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
31911667-4	2020	Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D.	Glucose	51-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
31911667-4	2020	Given the role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP4) in glucose homeostasis, we further demonstrate that DMAb-treated participants have a significant reduction in circulating DPP4 and increase in Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 levels as compared to the placebo-treated group, and also that type 2 diabetic patients treated with DMAb show significant reductions in HbA1c as compared to patients treated either with bisphosphonates or calcium and vitamin D.	Glucose	51-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
31669219-0	2020	Benzimidazole-based dual dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and xanthine oxidase inhibitors.	benzimidazole	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
31669219-3	2020	In this study a small series of benzimidazole derivatives (1-9) was evaluated for inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and XO.	benzimidazole	32-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-132
31669219-3	2020	In this study a small series of benzimidazole derivatives (1-9) was evaluated for inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and XO.	benzimidazole	32-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
31669219-4	2020	One 1,3-disubstituted-benzimidazole-2-imine (5) and 1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolone derivative (8) were shown as effective dual DPP-4 and XO inhibitors, with IC50 values lower than 200 muM, and predicted binding modes with both target enzymes.	1,3-disubstituted-benzimidazole-2-imine	4-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
31669219-4	2020	One 1,3-disubstituted-benzimidazole-2-imine (5) and 1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolone derivative (8) were shown as effective dual DPP-4 and XO inhibitors, with IC50 values lower than 200 muM, and predicted binding modes with both target enzymes.	1,3-thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazolone	52-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
31669219-6	2020	These structures represent new non-purine scaffolds bearing two therapeutic functionalities, being DPP-4 and XO inhibitors, more favorable in comparison to DPP-4 inhibitors with DPP-4 as a single target due to pleiotropic effects of XO inhibition.	purine	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
31669219-6	2020	These structures represent new non-purine scaffolds bearing two therapeutic functionalities, being DPP-4 and XO inhibitors, more favorable in comparison to DPP-4 inhibitors with DPP-4 as a single target due to pleiotropic effects of XO inhibition.	purine	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31669219-6	2020	These structures represent new non-purine scaffolds bearing two therapeutic functionalities, being DPP-4 and XO inhibitors, more favorable in comparison to DPP-4 inhibitors with DPP-4 as a single target due to pleiotropic effects of XO inhibition.	purine	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31710123-0	2020	Benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine phthalimide derivative, one of the rare noncompetitive inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide	0-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-125
31710123-1	2020	A small library of benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine phthalimide and amine derivatives was evaluated for inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	thieno(2,3-d)pyrimidine-2-carboxamide	19-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
31710123-5	2020	Molecular docking and dynamics simulation indicated the importance of the Tyr547, Lys554, and Trp629 residues of DPP-4 in the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex.	tyrosyltyrosine	74-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
31710123-5	2020	Molecular docking and dynamics simulation indicated the importance of the Tyr547, Lys554, and Trp629 residues of DPP-4 in the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex.	tritoqualine	82-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
31710123-5	2020	Molecular docking and dynamics simulation indicated the importance of the Tyr547, Lys554, and Trp629 residues of DPP-4 in the formation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex.	tryptophyl-arginyl-tryptophyl-tryptophyl-tryptophyl-tryptophanamide	94-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
31710123-6	2020	These observations could be potentially utilized for the rational design and optimization of novel (structurally similar, with phthalimide moiety, or different) noncompetitive DPP-4 inhibitors, which are anyway rare, but favorable in terms of the saturation of substrate competition.	Phthalimides	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-181
30974980-0	2020	Multicenter prospective observational study of teneligliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: Focus on glycemic control, hypotensive effect, and safety Chikushi Anti-Diabetes Mellitus Trial-Teneligliptin (CHAT-T).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	47-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
32014700-3	2020	Therefore, this study aimed to investigate vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, effects on cognitive function in older patients with DM.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
31640932-0	2020	Optimization of the benzamide fragment targeting the S2" site leads to potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors.	benzamide	20-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-101
31640932-1	2020	Our recently successful identification of benzoic acid-based DPP-4 inhibitors spurs the further quest for in-depth structure-activity relationships (SAR) study in S2" site DPP-4.	Benzoic Acid	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
31640932-1	2020	Our recently successful identification of benzoic acid-based DPP-4 inhibitors spurs the further quest for in-depth structure-activity relationships (SAR) study in S2" site DPP-4.	Benzoic Acid	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Amides	46-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Amides	46-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	243-248
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Halogens	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Benzene	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Chlorine	183-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Chlorine	183-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	243-248
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Amides	207-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
31640932-3	2020	Exploring SAR by introduction of a variety of amide and halogen on benzene ring led to identification of several compounds, exerting moderated to excellent DPP-4 activities, in which 4"-chlorine substituted methyl amide 17g showed most potent DPP-4 activity with the IC50 value of 1.6 nM.	Amides	207-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	243-248
30463420-4	2020	Furthermore, BHs and BPs from food have been discovered to impart their antidiabetic potentials through one or more mechanisms such as inhibition of digestive enzymes, inhibition of the antigenic enzyme - Dipeptyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), decrease in blood glucose levels and increase in insulin uptake.	Glucose	255-262	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-234
30974980-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: We purpose to confirm the effect of teneligliptin (Tenelia), a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on glycemic control and non-glucose risk factors for macroangiopathy, including blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and body weight.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	47-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
30974980-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: We purpose to confirm the effect of teneligliptin (Tenelia), a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on glycemic control and non-glucose risk factors for macroangiopathy, including blood pressure, lipid metabolism, and body weight.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	47-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
31648646-6	2020	Results: Seven small non-peptide potential inhibitors of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV with 3-imino-4-(4-substituted phenyl)-1, 2, 5-thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxide scaffold that were discovered.	3-imino-4-(4-substituted phenyl)-1, 2, 5-thiadiazolidine-1,1-dioxide	86-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Metformin	35-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Gliclazide	46-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Pioglitazone	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	Exenatide	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
30663560-4	2020	Regarding antidiabetic medication, metformin, gliclazide, pioglitazone, exenatide and dapagliflozin exert a beneficial effect on Endothelial Function (EF); glimepiride and glibenclamide, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and liraglutide have a neutral effect, while studies examining the effect of insulin analogues, empagliflozin and canagliflozin on EF are limited.	dapagliflozin	86-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	adme	87-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	quinovic acid	160-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	Stigmasterol	175-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	quinovic acid-3-beta-d-glycopyranoside	189-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	zygophylo	229-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-3	2020	OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In our current study, we have done the in silico simulations of ADME-T properties for naturally originated potent DPP-IV inhibitors like quinovic acid, stigmasterol, quinovic acid-3-beta-D-glycopyranoside, zygophylo-side E, and lupeol.	lupeol	251-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
32875983-5	2020	RESULTS: Glycosylation on quinovic acid is found to be noteworthy for the improvement of pharmacokinetic and toxicologi-cal properties, which leads to the prediction that zygophyloside E can be further tailored down to get the lead DPP-IV in-hibitor.	quinovic acid	26-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	232-238
30526469-0	2020	DPP-IV Inhibitory Phenanthridines: Ligand, Structure-Based Design, and Synthesis.	Phenanthridines	18-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
30526469-3	2020	Formerly, acridines, N4-sulfonamido-succinamic, phthalamic, acrylic and benzoyl acetic acid derivatives, and sulfamoyl-phenyl acid esters were designed and developed as new DPP-IV inhibitors.	Acridines	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-179
32875983-5	2020	RESULTS: Glycosylation on quinovic acid is found to be noteworthy for the improvement of pharmacokinetic and toxicologi-cal properties, which leads to the prediction that zygophyloside E can be further tailored down to get the lead DPP-IV in-hibitor.	CHEMBL501302	171-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	232-238
30526469-3	2020	Formerly, acridines, N4-sulfonamido-succinamic, phthalamic, acrylic and benzoyl acetic acid derivatives, and sulfamoyl-phenyl acid esters were designed and developed as new DPP-IV inhibitors.	acrylic	60-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-179
31468664-1	2020	AIMS: To determine the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on gastric emptying of a high carbohydrate meal and associated glycaemic and blood pressure responses in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
30526469-3	2020	Formerly, acridines, N4-sulfonamido-succinamic, phthalamic, acrylic and benzoyl acetic acid derivatives, and sulfamoyl-phenyl acid esters were designed and developed as new DPP-IV inhibitors.	3-keto-3-phenylpropionic acid	72-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-179
30526469-3	2020	Formerly, acridines, N4-sulfonamido-succinamic, phthalamic, acrylic and benzoyl acetic acid derivatives, and sulfamoyl-phenyl acid esters were designed and developed as new DPP-IV inhibitors.	sulfamoyl-phenyl acid esters	109-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-179
30526469-4	2020	OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a pharmacophore model of DPP-IV inhibitors and to evaluate phenanthridines as a novel scaffold for inhibiting DPP-IV enzyme.	Phenanthridines	97-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
30526469-11	2020	CONCLUSION: Phenanthridines may serve as potential lead compound for developing new DPP-IV inhibitors as a promising anti diabetic agent.	Phenanthridines	12-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
31379119-6	2020	We also discuss evidence from recent large clinical trials of thiazolidinediones and new antidiabetic medications, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors.	Thiazolidinediones	62-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-147
31677134-3	2020	OBJECTIVES: The Comparison of Canagliflozin vs. Teneligliptin against Basic Metabolic Risks in Patients with T2DM (CANTABILE) study aims to examine whether the DPP-4 inhibitor (teneligliptin) or the SGLT2 inhibitor (canagliflozin) is the more effective drug for reducing metabolic risk factors as a composite in Japanese patients with T2DM.	canagliflozin	30-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
32422444-2	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme that deactivates many bioactive peptides involved in glucose regulation.	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
32422444-2	2020	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an enzyme that deactivates many bioactive peptides involved in glucose regulation.	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
32422444-9	2020	Patients with T1DM were classified into 3 groups according to DPP-4 tertiles showing significant increase in BMI SDS and total cholesterol across the 3 groups.	bmi sds	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
32422444-9	2020	Patients with T1DM were classified into 3 groups according to DPP-4 tertiles showing significant increase in BMI SDS and total cholesterol across the 3 groups.	Cholesterol	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
32771921-3	2020	This study aimed to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory effects of phytosterol supplements in silico and in vitro to determine their potential for anti-diabetic activity.	Phytosterols	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
32771921-3	2020	This study aimed to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory effects of phytosterol supplements in silico and in vitro to determine their potential for anti-diabetic activity.	Phytosterols	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
32771921-4	2020	METHODS: Docking studies were carried out in silico to evaluate the potential for interactions between three major phytosterol compounds (stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) and the DPP-4 enzyme, the enzyme that is inhibited by the anti-diabetic gliptins.	Phytosterols	115-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
32771921-4	2020	METHODS: Docking studies were carried out in silico to evaluate the potential for interactions between three major phytosterol compounds (stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) and the DPP-4 enzyme, the enzyme that is inhibited by the anti-diabetic gliptins.	Stigmasterol	138-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
32771921-4	2020	METHODS: Docking studies were carried out in silico to evaluate the potential for interactions between three major phytosterol compounds (stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) and the DPP-4 enzyme, the enzyme that is inhibited by the anti-diabetic gliptins.	gamma-sitosterol	152-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
32771921-4	2020	METHODS: Docking studies were carried out in silico to evaluate the potential for interactions between three major phytosterol compounds (stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, campesterol) and the DPP-4 enzyme, the enzyme that is inhibited by the anti-diabetic gliptins.	campesterol	169-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
32771921-6	2020	DPP-4 inhibitory activity was tested in vitro for these phytosterol supplements and two major phytosterol standards.	Phytosterols	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32771921-6	2020	DPP-4 inhibitory activity was tested in vitro for these phytosterol supplements and two major phytosterol standards.	Phytosterols	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32771921-7	2020	RESULTS: In silico calculations predicted free binding energies for DPP-4 with the phytosterols to be: stigmasterol -8.78 kcal/mol; beta-sitosterol -8.70 kcal/mol; campesterol -8.40 kcal/mol.	Phytosterols	83-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
32771921-7	2020	RESULTS: In silico calculations predicted free binding energies for DPP-4 with the phytosterols to be: stigmasterol -8.78 kcal/mol; beta-sitosterol -8.70 kcal/mol; campesterol -8.40 kcal/mol.	Stigmasterol	103-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
32771921-7	2020	RESULTS: In silico calculations predicted free binding energies for DPP-4 with the phytosterols to be: stigmasterol -8.78 kcal/mol; beta-sitosterol -8.70 kcal/mol; campesterol -8.40 kcal/mol.	gamma-sitosterol	132-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
32771921-7	2020	RESULTS: In silico calculations predicted free binding energies for DPP-4 with the phytosterols to be: stigmasterol -8.78 kcal/mol; beta-sitosterol -8.70 kcal/mol; campesterol -8.40 kcal/mol.	campesterol	164-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
31852731-0	2020	Republished: DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)-induced seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.	sitagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
31650393-12	2020	Age, diabetes duration, BMI, HbA1c, use of metformin, sulfonylurea derivatives, and DPP4 inhibitors were negatively associated with magnesium concentrations.	Magnesium	132-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
31650393-16	2020	Concerning T2DM-related factors, only BMI, HbA1c and the use of metformin, sulfonylurea derivatives and DPP4 inhibitors correlated negatively with magnesium concentrations.	Magnesium	147-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-108
31689132-1	2020	Background: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that reduces glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
31795778-2	2020	The main aim of study was to formulate, statistically optimize and characterize the polymeric nanomicellar (PNM) formulation of DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) using natural polymer and a nonionic surfactant.Method: Response surface methodology (RSM) an experimental design was applied for optimization of nanomicelles using full central composite design.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
32661206-3	2020	Cellular receptor ACE2, serine protease TMPRSS2 and exopeptidase CD26 (also known as DPP4) are the three membrane bound proteins potentially implicated in SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Serine	24-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
31529097-3	2020	OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that DPP4 inhibition increases GH and improves glucose levels and vascular function in women with PCOS.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
32350172-0	2020	Effect of a Moderate Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet on DPP-4 Inhibitor Action among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 6-Month Intervention Study.	Carbohydrates	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
31880221-12	2020	In the subgroup analysis, DPP-4 inhibitors first had lower (2010: OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.70-0.87; 2011-2012: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54-0.66) and then similar (2013-2014: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.88-1.19) hazards of nonpersistence compared with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	239-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
31880221-15	2020	Similarly, safety warnings in 2011 and approval of generic products in 2012 may have affected pioglitazone persistence, leading to first higher and then similar hazards for nonpersistence with pioglitazone as compared with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	94-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	223-228
32350172-4	2020	In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose metabolism and renal function in patients with T2D on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-178
32350172-4	2020	In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of a moderate carbohydrate-restricted diet on glucose metabolism and renal function in patients with T2D on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Carbohydrates	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
32107992-0	2020	Review on Chemistry, Analysis and Pharmacology of Teneligliptin: A Novel DPP-4 Inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	50-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
32107992-2	2020	Teneligliptin is a dipeptide peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that belongs to the third generation, used in the management of type 2 diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
31607509-9	2020	DISCUSSION - CONCLUSION: Based on this study, the drug combination metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor would be the better therapy in elderly diabetic patient.	Metformin	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
32600230-6	2020	DPP-4 inhibitors can enhance the blood glucose lowering effect of GLP-1 by inhibiting DPP-4.	Glucose	39-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
32879236-8	2020	Furthermore, such expenses tended to be low in prefectures where the use of generic SU drugs was high (r=-0.43, P=0.0023).Conclusions In conclusion, the results revealed regional differences in the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and generic SU drugs, which may contribute to the regional differences in medical expenses for diabetes.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	84-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-210
32879236-8	2020	Furthermore, such expenses tended to be low in prefectures where the use of generic SU drugs was high (r=-0.43, P=0.0023).Conclusions In conclusion, the results revealed regional differences in the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and generic SU drugs, which may contribute to the regional differences in medical expenses for diabetes.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	234-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-210
32425249-9	2020	As such, no available evidence has yet suggested that glucose-lowering drugs - including those targeting DPP4-related pathways - produce any significant harm or benefit in the context of human infections.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-109
31877127-0	2019	Intensification with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, insulin, or thiazolidinediones and risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and severe hypoglycemia in patients on metformin-sulfonylurea dual therapy: A retrospective cohort study.	metformin-sulfonylurea	184-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
31877127-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Although patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may fail to achieve adequate hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) control despite metformin-sulfonylurea (Met-SU) dual therapy, a third-line glucose-lowering medication-including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), insulin, or thiazolidinedione (TZD)-can be added to achieve this.	met-su	159-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	232-254
31792328-4	2019	Among five DPP4 inhibitors, only two of them, vildagliptin and saxagliptin, exhibited apparent cytotoxic effects on myeloma cell lines, without any difference in suppression of DPP4 activity.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
31890041-1	2019	Background: Evogliptin (EVO) is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
31890041-1	2019	Background: Evogliptin (EVO) is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	SCHEMBL9731684	24-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
31741435-7	2019	The increased risk of thiazolidinediones on heart failure had been well theorized and is now established; however, the increase in heart failure hospitalization with certain dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was unexpected.	Thiazolidinediones	22-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-196
31747282-0	2019	Discovery of Highly Polar beta-homophenylalanine Derivatives as Non-systemic Intestine-Targeted Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors.	2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid	26-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
31747282-2	2019	Here, we firstly reported a non-systemic intestine-targeted (NSIT) DPPIV inhibitor with beta-homophenylalanine scaffold, compound 7, which selectively inhibited the intestinal rather than plasmatic DPPIV at an oral dosage as high as 30 mg/kg.	2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid	88-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
31792328-4	2019	Among five DPP4 inhibitors, only two of them, vildagliptin and saxagliptin, exhibited apparent cytotoxic effects on myeloma cell lines, without any difference in suppression of DPP4 activity.	saxagliptin	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
31792328-5	2019	As these two DPP4 inhibitors are known to have off-target effects against DPP8/9, we employed the specific DPP8/9 inhibitor 1G244.	1G244	124-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
30945564-3	2019	In clinical diabetes care, DPP-4 inhibitors have been shown to be effective in reducing glucose levels.	Glucose	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
30945564-4	2019	In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the clinically available DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in the protection of FFA-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
30942641-3	2019	Saxagliptin, a potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), has been licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
30945564-4	2019	In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the clinically available DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in the protection of FFA-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	133-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
30942641-3	2019	Saxagliptin, a potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), has been licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
31364869-6	2019	Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels.	saxagliptin	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
31364869-6	2019	Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels.	Reactive Oxygen Species	135-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
31364869-6	2019	Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels.	Reactive Oxygen Species	160-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
31364869-6	2019	Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels.	Glutathione	179-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
31364869-6	2019	Inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin also reduced oxidative stress in human primary chondrocytes as evidenced by decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased glutathione (GSH) levels.	Glutathione	192-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
31454094-0	2019	Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition) model to support dose rationale in diabetes patients, including those with renal impairment, for once-weekly administered omarigliptin.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	190-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
31454094-1	2019	AIMS: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor omarigliptin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and use these models to support the dosing recommendation for patient labelling including patients with renal impairment.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	145-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
31454094-1	2019	AIMS: To characterize the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor omarigliptin in healthy subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and use these models to support the dosing recommendation for patient labelling including patients with renal impairment.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	145-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
31454094-3	2019	RESULTS: A semi-mechanistic 2-compartment model with linear unbound clearance and concentration-dependent binding of omarigliptin to the DPP-4 enzyme in both the central and peripheral compartments adequately described omarigliptin PK.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	117-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
31454094-3	2019	RESULTS: A semi-mechanistic 2-compartment model with linear unbound clearance and concentration-dependent binding of omarigliptin to the DPP-4 enzyme in both the central and peripheral compartments adequately described omarigliptin PK.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	219-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
31454094-5	2019	A direct effect sigmoid maximum inhibitory efficacy model adequately described the relationship between omarigliptin plasma concentrations and DPP-4 inhibition.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	104-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
31586451-7	2019	In vitro, the inhibition of DPP-4 also alleviated the changes in the oxidative and inflammatory molecules in response to hydrogen peroxide in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Hydrogen Peroxide	121-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
31669625-3	2019	We evaluated the influence of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (anagliptin) on plasma glucagon levels in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes by using this new assay.	anagliptin	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
31908611-11	2019	More recently, several novel glucose lowering-medications have been introduced, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), and SGLT-2 inhibitors.	Glucose	29-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
31908611-11	2019	More recently, several novel glucose lowering-medications have been introduced, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), and SGLT-2 inhibitors.	Glucose	29-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
31678606-0	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin induces vasorelaxation via the activation of Kv channels and PKA.	sitagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31390221-12	2019	Overall, this study identified two novel "spirochromanone" compounds that lowered DPP-4 activity by more than ~50% at 100 muM.	spirochromanone	42-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
31390221-14	2019	Spirochromanone motif identified here may be used to design molecules to achieve drug-like inhibitory action against DPP-4.	spirochromanone	0-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
31733799-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Gemigliptin is a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor that does not require any dosage adjustment based on renal function.	LC15-0444	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-75
31678606-1	2019	The present study investigated the vasorelaxant effects of sitagliptin, which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (Phe).	sitagliptin	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-105
31678606-1	2019	The present study investigated the vasorelaxant effects of sitagliptin, which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (Phe).	sitagliptin	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
31695754-9	2019	DPP-4 inhibitors were prescribed over metformin in patients with renal disease (odds ratio [OR]: 4.20; p < 0.0001), coronary heart disease and stroke (OR: 2.22; p < 0.0001).	Metformin	38-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31733647-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is reported to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
31733647-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is reported to reduce the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).	Cholesterol	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
31661941-0	2019	New Molecular Insights into the Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Natural Cyclic Peptide Oxytocin.	Oxytocin	95-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
31431452-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are useful incretin-based antidiabetes drugs.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	46-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
31431452-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are useful incretin-based antidiabetes drugs.	N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide	50-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
31654243-1	2019	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) alogliptin is an oral, antidiabetic treatment that is approved in many countries to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including the USA, Europe, and Japan.	alogliptin	46-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
31666589-8	2019	In vitro assays, curcumin inhibited of DPP IV activity in Caco-2 cells and ERK phosphorylation in C2C12 cells.	Curcumin	17-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
32206483-1	2020	Objective: Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, demonstrated cardiovascular and renal safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) with albuminuria and/or kidney disease in the multinational CARMELINA  trial.	Linagliptin	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
31695471-1	2019	Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, including linagliptin, prevent inflammation.	linagliptin	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Creatinine	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Creatinine	133-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Creatinine	133-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	243-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31640215-3	2019	Among the different courses of action, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) can improve blood glucose control in diabetic patients.	Glucose	104-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Creatinine	133-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31640215-3	2019	Among the different courses of action, inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) can improve blood glucose control in diabetic patients.	Glucose	104-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
31627406-6	2019	Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was significantly reduced in recipients of DPP-4 inhibitors after 24 weeks (29.2 microg/mg creatinine vs. 14.9 microg/mg creatinine, P &lt; 0.001), whereas urinary ACR was not significantly changed by sulfonylureas (39.9 microg/mg creatinine vs. 43.2 microg/mg creatinine, P = 0.641).	Creatinine	133-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31737185-0	2019	DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin ameliorates oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation-induced brain endothelial injury.	saxagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31737185-0	2019	DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin ameliorates oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation-induced brain endothelial injury.	Oxygen	40-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31737185-5	2019	In this study, we reveal that saxagliptin, one of the most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors, exhibits vascular protective effects against oxygen and glucose depletion/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in human brain vascular endothelial cells.	saxagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
31737185-7	2019	The results of MTT assay show that inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin ameliorates OGD/R-induced reduced cell viability, and LDH assay demonstrated that saxagliptin reduces cellular toxicity.	saxagliptin	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
31595792-5	2022	APLN mRNA expression was positively correlated with total and LDL cholesterol plasma level, and DPP4 mRNA expression - with VLDL cholesterol concentration.	Cholesterol	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-100
31418140-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: DYDA 2 is the first randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to explore the effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor on LVSF in T2DM patients in primary prevention regardless of glycemic control.	dyda 2	13-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-133
31399442-3	2019	We explored if the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin could prevent cognitive decline in people with type 2 diabetes with cardiorenal disease.	Linagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
31219248-1	2019	A fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of ertugliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, was developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	117-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-154
31148332-1	2019	AIMS: To compare outcomes of glucagon-stimulated C-peptide tests (GSCTs) in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) after a 21-month intervention with either insulin or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	222-233	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-211
31513823-0	2019	The effects of DPP4 inhibitors on the levels of plasma catecholamines and their metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Catecholamines	55-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
31243210-11	2019	Conclusion DPP-4 inhibition with sitagliptin did not increase or decrease the EPC proportion, SDF-1alpha level, or CFR, although the glycemic control was improved.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Dipeptides	118-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Dipeptides	118-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Proline	158-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Proline	158-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31357088-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which has enzymatic activity to selectively clean the N-terminal dipeptide of peptides and proteins with proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31357088-2	2019	DPP-4 inhibitor has been widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes by increasing the level of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and decreasing the glucose level.	Glucose	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31290617-2	2019	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
31290617-2	2019	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
31571445-1	2019	Background: Teneligliptin is widely prescribed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) in India because of its economical pricing.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
31279738-3	2019	Incretin therapy (DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists) offers an advantage in this respect, because it reduces glucose with a low risk of hypoglycaemia, both in monotherapy and in combination with other therapies.	Glucose	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
31094010-1	2019	WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Teneligliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, commonly prescribed in combination with glimepiride.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	29-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
31094010-1	2019	WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Teneligliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, commonly prescribed in combination with glimepiride.	glimepiride	156-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
31431395-6	2019	All participants underwent complete clinical work-up; endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) test; plasma DPP4 activity was assessed by measuring the 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC) cleavage rate from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and compared with DPP4 activity measured in sixty-two age-, sex-, BMI-matched non-diabetic subjects.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	180-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
30624740-0	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin accelerates recovery from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating inflammation and promoting tubular regeneration.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	33-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30624740-0	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin accelerates recovery from cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating inflammation and promoting tubular regeneration.	Cisplatin	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30624740-4	2019	We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin (TG) can facilitate kidney recovery after cisplatin-induced AKI.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	37-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
30624740-4	2019	We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin (TG) can facilitate kidney recovery after cisplatin-induced AKI.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	52-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
30624740-4	2019	We hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin (TG) can facilitate kidney recovery after cisplatin-induced AKI.	Cisplatin	93-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
30624740-15	2019	Conclusions: The DPP-4 inhibitor TG can accelerate tubule regeneration and functional recovery from toxic AKI via an anti-inflammatory effect and probably via inhibition of CXCL12 breakdown.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	33-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
30624740-16	2019	Hence, DPP-4 inhibitors may limit cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and improve kidney function in cancer patients.	Cisplatin	34-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
31555430-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1.	Glucose	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
31536101-2	2019	In placebo-controlled cardiovascular safety trials, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin demonstrated noninferiority, but it has not been tested against an active comparator.	Linagliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
31555430-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), an incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) degrading enzyme, contains two forms and it can exert various physiological functions particular in controlling blood glucose through the action of GLP-1.	Glucose	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
31555430-2	2019	In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1 degradation and prolong GLP-1 its action and sensitize insulin activity for the purpose of lowering blood glucose.	2-dimethylaminoethyl(dimethylamido)phosphonofluoridate	51-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
31555430-2	2019	In diabetic use, the DPP-4 inhibitor can block the DDP-4 to attenuate GLP-1 degradation and prolong GLP-1 its action and sensitize insulin activity for the purpose of lowering blood glucose.	Glucose	182-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
31527625-5	2019	DPP-IV inhibitors were found to significantly reduce MAGE compared to other OADs (mean difference = -14.61; 95% CI = -19.00 to -10.21; p < 0.0001) without significant heterogeneity among sulfonylureas (mean difference = -14.93; 95% CI = -21.60 to -8.26; p < 0.0001).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	187-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
31583211-2	2019	Recently, several reports suggested dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as gliptins, were a potential cause of drug-induced bullous pemphigoid but not of both bullous pemphigoid and alopecia areata together.	Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors	93-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
31686818-4	2019	Research design and methods: In this work, nanofiber-eluting stents that loaded with vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) inhibitor, was fabricated to treat diabetic vascular disease.	vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-130
31686818-4	2019	Research design and methods: In this work, nanofiber-eluting stents that loaded with vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme (DPP-4) inhibitor, was fabricated to treat diabetic vascular disease.	vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
31583211-6	2019	LEARNING POINTS: This is the first report of linagliptin-associated alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid (BP), which may help demonstrate a link between DPP-4 inhibitors and alopecia.Since the time of onset of BP after initiation of a DPP-4 inhibitor varies, a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis.Early diagnosis is essential as DPP-4 inhibitor withdrawal has a significant effect on disease remission.	linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-242
31583211-6	2019	LEARNING POINTS: This is the first report of linagliptin-associated alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid (BP), which may help demonstrate a link between DPP-4 inhibitors and alopecia.Since the time of onset of BP after initiation of a DPP-4 inhibitor varies, a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis.Early diagnosis is essential as DPP-4 inhibitor withdrawal has a significant effect on disease remission.	linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-242
31583211-2	2019	Recently, several reports suggested dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as gliptins, were a potential cause of drug-induced bullous pemphigoid but not of both bullous pemphigoid and alopecia areata together.	Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors	93-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
31583211-5	2019	To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of linagliptin-associated alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid, which may help demonstrate if there are any links between DPP-4 inhibitors and alopecia.	linagliptin	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-184
31583211-6	2019	LEARNING POINTS: This is the first report of linagliptin-associated alopecia areata and bullous pemphigoid (BP), which may help demonstrate a link between DPP-4 inhibitors and alopecia.Since the time of onset of BP after initiation of a DPP-4 inhibitor varies, a high index of suspicion is needed for diagnosis.Early diagnosis is essential as DPP-4 inhibitor withdrawal has a significant effect on disease remission.	linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
31330313-4	2019	Drugs used for T2DM treatment from insulin and metformin through dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists may represent a promising approach to fight AD.	Metformin	47-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
31543976-1	2019	Aims: To determine if treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, can prevent stress hyperglycemia in patients without diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
31441917-0	2019	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitory effect of flavonoids is hindered in protein rich environments.	Flavonoids	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
31087620-8	2019	However, the HR was 1.20 (1.01-1.42) when cohorts were restricted to new users, censored upon treatment change, and when DPP-4 was used as the referent, suggesting an increased risk of bladder cancer associated with pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	216-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
31441917-2	2019	In the present study, the inhibition of DPP-4 was evaluated for a large panel of flavonoids, important components of the human diet, using in vitro and ex vivo models.	Flavonoids	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
31441917-7	2019	This work provides a new insight into the inhibitory activity for DPP-4, based on the flavonoid scaffold.	Flavonoids	86-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
31441917-8	2019	Additionally, the obtained results showed that the inhibitory effect of flavonoids against DPP-4 was hindered in protein rich environments, like that occurring in blood, and indicated the need for experimental refinement in drug discovery for blood targets.	Flavonoids	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
31486312-2	2019	An increasing number of patients with T2D are treated with a metformin plus gliptin (DPP-4 Inhibitor) combination, especially those for whom a sulfonylurea is avoided because of a risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	143-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
31338935-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Risk of MI and HF requiring hospitalization associated with DPP-4Is as monotherapy was significantly higher than BGs, significantly lower than SUs, and similar to alpha-GIs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
31444259-0	2019	DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin)-induced seronegative rheumatoid arthritis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	17-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31444259-1	2019	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus for glycaemic control.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
31692532-9	2019	Moreover, addition of DPP4 inhibitors to insulin was associated with significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (WMD: -0.47mmol/L, p&lt;0.001), postprandial glucose at 2 hrs (WMD: -2.03 mmol/L, p&lt;0.001), and daily dose of insulin (WMD: -2.73U/d, p&lt;0.001), while body weight (WMD: 0.02 g, p=0.81) or risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia (risk ratio: 0.92, p=0.37) were not affected.	Glucose	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31692532-9	2019	Moreover, addition of DPP4 inhibitors to insulin was associated with significantly reduced fasting blood glucose (WMD: -0.47mmol/L, p&lt;0.001), postprandial glucose at 2 hrs (WMD: -2.03 mmol/L, p&lt;0.001), and daily dose of insulin (WMD: -2.73U/d, p&lt;0.001), while body weight (WMD: 0.02 g, p=0.81) or risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia (risk ratio: 0.92, p=0.37) were not affected.	Glucose	158-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	saxagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	saxagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	Creatinine	119-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
31164243-1	2019	Recently, 2 dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and saxagliptin, adjusted dosing specification from creatinine clearance to glomerular filtration rate, more typically reported in routine laboratory tests.	Creatinine	119-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
30941884-9	2019	CONCLUSION: Analyses from a large monitoring programme in routine care of patients with T2D, showed that linagliptin had similar CV safety compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors and pioglitazone, and a reduced CV risk compared to sulphonylureas.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
31214997-9	2019	Analysis of the DTR-QOL and DTSQ results by subscales and stratification generally showed a numerical improvement with trelagliptin over daily DPP-4 inhibitors.	trelagliptin	119-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
31079357-0	2019	Efficacy and Safety of Switching to Teneligliptin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A 12-Week Interim Report.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	36-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
31079357-1	2019	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, an antidiabetic agent classified as a class III dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a unique structural feature that provides strong binding to DPP-4 enzymes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
31079357-1	2019	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, an antidiabetic agent classified as a class III dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a unique structural feature that provides strong binding to DPP-4 enzymes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
31079357-1	2019	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, an antidiabetic agent classified as a class III dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a unique structural feature that provides strong binding to DPP-4 enzymes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-188
31079357-14	2019	CONCLUSION: After switching to teneligliptin, HbA1c levels decreased significantly in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with other DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	31-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
31173870-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Yogliptin is a novel xanthine dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor targeting type 2 diabetes.	yogliptin	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
31237133-0	2019	Effectiveness and Safety of Adding Basal Insulin Glargine in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Exhibiting Inadequate Response to Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitors with or without Sulfonylurea.	Insulin Glargine	49-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
31264097-2	2019	We aimed to determine whether or not "within class" switching to alogliptin, the DPP-4 inhibitor with lowest acquisition cost, is a clinically appropriate strategy.	alogliptin	65-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
31173870-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Yogliptin is a novel xanthine dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor targeting type 2 diabetes.	yogliptin	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
31173870-13	2019	CONCLUSION: Yogliptin was well tolerated in healthy subjects, with no dose-limiting toxicity observed in the range from 2.5 to 600 mg. Yogliptin inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity for 72 h at single doses of 25-200 mg and for 1 week at 400 mg, suggesting that once-weekly dosing of yogliptin is possible in type 2 diabetes patients.	yogliptin	135-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-167
31182338-5	2019	We therefore hypothesized that administration of a DPP4-inhibitor (sitagliptin) would improve CRF in adults with T2D.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
31064029-6	2019	Among these, soluble fiber from species of Plantago and guar gum show promising effects, iridoid derivatives are relevant activators of incretin receptors, and derivatives of cyanidin, especially diglycosylated ones, are an interesting source of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	cyanidin	175-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	246-268
31167913-1	2019	Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) uses the S1B domain of its spike protein to bind to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), its functional receptor, and its S1A domain to bind to sialic acids.	Sialic Acids	194-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
31353426-7	2019	Therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, alone or in combination with basal insulin, may effectively control glucose levels in patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia.	Glucose	124-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
31353426-7	2019	Therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, alone or in combination with basal insulin, may effectively control glucose levels in patients with mild to moderate hyperglycemia.	Glucose	124-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
31344887-1	2019	Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
31140748-10	2019	Consistently, CD26 expression is significantly downregulated in cultured CAF myofibroblasts extracted from human breast carcinomas as compared to control human mammary fibroblasts.	cafestol palmitate	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
31308448-1	2019	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin is a widely used antihyperglycemic agent in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
31140748-11	2019	Inhibition of TGF-beta or SDF-1 signaling in CAFs by shRNA clearly upregulated the CD26 expression.	cafs	45-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
30714299-4	2019	METHODS: CD26+ LSCs have been isolated from EDTA PB and BM samples of patients with leucocytosis suspected for CML.	edta pb	44-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
31018682-0	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and cardiovascular and renal disease in type 2 diabetes: What have we learned from the CARMELINA trial?	carmelina	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31018682-2	2019	The large trials evaluating the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin demonstrated safety for cardiovascular disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
31018682-2	2019	The large trials evaluating the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin demonstrated safety for cardiovascular disease.	alogliptin	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
31018682-2	2019	The large trials evaluating the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin demonstrated safety for cardiovascular disease.	saxagliptin	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
31018682-4	2019	Linagliptin is the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor evaluated in the CARMELINA trial.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
31018682-8	2019	Although numerically low, CARMELINA did confirm increased rates of pancreatitis in the linagliptin group, suggesting that pancreatitis is a class-specific side-effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Linagliptin	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-192
31026379-5	2019	Here, we report a novel pharmacological role of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in chondrocyte senescence.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
31121272-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are commonly used in clinical practice.	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31121272-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of glucose-lowering agent for type 2 diabetes (T2D) that are commonly used in clinical practice.	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31026379-7	2019	The inhibition of DPP-4 by vildagliptin ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence as determined by cellular senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
31559762-6	2019	In metformin uncontrolled patients, 56.8% responders chose to start a DPP4 inhibitor.	Metformin	3-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
31528826-0	2019	Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Increases Postprandial Norepinephrine via Substance P (NK1 Receptor) During RAAS Inhibition.	Norepinephrine	57-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	14-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31528826-12	2019	During treatment with an ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker, DPP4 inhibition increased postprandial norepinephrine through a substance P receptor-dependent mechanism.	Norepinephrine	111-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
31275243-6	2019	This action was seen when DPP-4 inhibitors were used both as monotherapy and as add-on to other therapies, i.e., metformin, sulfonylureas, tiazolidinediones or exogenous insulin.	tiazolidinediones	139-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
31417296-2	2019	Teneligliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, currently commonly used as monotherapy or as add-on therapy, was generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM during clinical trials.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
31275243-2	2019	DPP-4 inhibition results in raised levels of the two incretin hormones which in turn result in lowering of circulating glucose through stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion.	Glucose	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
31275243-5	2019	Subsequent clinical studies during the 2000s showed a glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibitors also in human subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
31275243-6	2019	This action was seen when DPP-4 inhibitors were used both as monotherapy and as add-on to other therapies, i.e., metformin, sulfonylureas, tiazolidinediones or exogenous insulin.	Metformin	113-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
31275243-6	2019	This action was seen when DPP-4 inhibitors were used both as monotherapy and as add-on to other therapies, i.e., metformin, sulfonylureas, tiazolidinediones or exogenous insulin.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	124-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	alogliptin	57-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	saxagliptin	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	Linagliptin	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
31275243-11	2019	DPP-4 inhibitors are at present included in guidelines as a glucose-lowering concept both as monotherapy and in combination therapies.	Glucose	60-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31275246-7	2019	Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors have increasingly replaced sulfonylureas as second line therapy after metformin failure and many metformin/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed dose combinations are available.	Metformin	97-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
31275246-7	2019	Recently, DPP-4 inhibitors have increasingly replaced sulfonylureas as second line therapy after metformin failure and many metformin/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed dose combinations are available.	Metformin	124-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
31275246-8	2019	In later stages of type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors are also recommended in the guidelines in triple therapies with metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Metformin	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31275246-8	2019	In later stages of type 2 diabetes, DPP-4 inhibitors are also recommended in the guidelines in triple therapies with metformin and SGLT-2 inhibitors or with metformin and insulin.	Metformin	157-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31275246-10	2019	DPP-4 inhibitors can be used as monotherapy when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated.	Metformin	49-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31275246-11	2019	Some studies have shown value of initial metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy in special populations.	Metformin	41-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
31208420-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are emerging glucose-lowering agents through interacting with DPP-4 substrate, impact of which on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
31208420-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are emerging glucose-lowering agents through interacting with DPP-4 substrate, impact of which on systemic inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
31045223-0	2019	Effects of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Alogliptin on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	alogliptin	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
31194830-0	2019	Development of novel monoclonal antibodies with specific binding affinity for denatured human CD26 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and decalcified specimens.	Formaldehyde	102-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
31194830-0	2019	Development of novel monoclonal antibodies with specific binding affinity for denatured human CD26 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and decalcified specimens.	Paraffin	117-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
31194830-3	2019	The development of an anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the clinical setting is therefore of the utmost importance.	Formaldehyde	110-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
31194830-3	2019	The development of an anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the clinical setting is therefore of the utmost importance.	Formaldehyde	110-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
31194830-3	2019	The development of an anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the clinical setting is therefore of the utmost importance.	Paraffin	125-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
31194830-3	2019	The development of an anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues in the clinical setting is therefore of the utmost importance.	Paraffin	125-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
31194830-8	2019	These novel anti-CD26 mAbs are potentially useful for the analysis of CD26 expression in cancer patients with bony metastasis, and may help decide the appropriateness of YS110 therapy for future cancer patients.	ys110	170-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
30674032-8	2019	DPP-4 inhibitors increase fatty oxidation, and cholesterol efflux, and decrease hepatic triglyceride synthase and de novo lipogenesis.	Cholesterol	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31275298-10	2019	Recently several case reports have described BP in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who have been treated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i or gliptins), which are a widely used class of anti-DM drugs.	dpp-4i	159-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-146
31275298-11	2019	The association between the use of DPP-4is, particularly vildagliptin, and BP risk has been confirmed by several epidemiological studies.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
30603867-2	2019	The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Glucose	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
30603867-2	2019	The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Glucose	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
30603867-2	2019	The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Metformin	214-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
30603867-2	2019	The introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, more than 10 years ago, has provided an alternative to conventional medications for the intensification of glucose-lowering treatment after failure of metformin monotherapy, and therefore, marked an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Metformin	214-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
30603867-3	2019	By prolonging the activity of incretin hormones, DPP-4 inhibitors induce insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucagon	102-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
30603867-3	2019	By prolonging the activity of incretin hormones, DPP-4 inhibitors induce insulin release and decrease glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
30767126-9	2019	While dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exhibited increased heart failure hospitalization in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial evaluating saxagliptin and in the secondary analysis of the EXAMINE trial for alogliptin, the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on CV outcomes in diabetes have largely been positive.	saxagliptin	136-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-28
30767126-9	2019	While dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors exhibited increased heart failure hospitalization in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial evaluating saxagliptin and in the secondary analysis of the EXAMINE trial for alogliptin, the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on CV outcomes in diabetes have largely been positive.	saxagliptin	136-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
30519910-0	2019	Vildagliptin, an Anti-diabetic Drug of the DPP-4 Inhibitor, Induces Vasodilation via Kv Channel and SERCA Pump Activation in Aortic Smooth Muscle.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
30724013-7	2019	Glucose-lowering drugs can have a negative effect (insulin, sulphonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones), a neutral effect (alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) or a positive effect (sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and metformin).	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
31298576-4	2019	Materials &amp; methods: We designed a computational strategy to find lead molecules with very low (or no) similarity to existing actives and applied it to DPP-IV.	Adenosine Monophosphate	11-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
30540657-0	2019	Hemodynamic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in type 2 diabetic patients with albuminuria.	Linagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
30597745-0	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors attenuate thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations.	Thyrotropin	44-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30540657-3	2019	We investigated blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in individuals receiving either ACE inhibitors or ARBs in the MARLINA-T2D trial.	Linagliptin	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
31127397-5	2019	Increased rates of hospitalization for heart failure were seen with both saxagliptin and alogliptin, and this has led to a class warning for all dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	saxagliptin	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-167
31019154-3	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are also effective at reducing postprandial glucose levels, and they have been available in Japan since 2009.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31019154-3	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are also effective at reducing postprandial glucose levels, and they have been available in Japan since 2009.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
31019154-4	2019	A combination therapy of alphaGI, miglitol, and the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, is more effective at decreasing postprandial glucose levels than monotherapy with either miglitol or sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
31019154-4	2019	A combination therapy of alphaGI, miglitol, and the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, is more effective at decreasing postprandial glucose levels than monotherapy with either miglitol or sitagliptin.	Glucose	127-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
30639312-0	2019	The DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin ameliorates ox-LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating AP-1 and NF-kappaB.	saxagliptin	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
31164969-7	2019	We show that normal human placenta releases DPPIV-positive STB-EVs and that they are higher in uterine than paired peripheral blood, confirming placental origin.	stb-evs	59-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
31164969-8	2019	DPPIV-bound STB-EVs from normal perfused placentae are dose dependently inhibited with vildagliptin.	stb-evs	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31164969-8	2019	DPPIV-bound STB-EVs from normal perfused placentae are dose dependently inhibited with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31164969-9	2019	DPPIV-bound STB-EVs from perfused placentae are able to breakdown GLP-1 in vitro.	stb-evs	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
31164969-10	2019	STB-EVs from GDM perfused placentae show greater DPPIV activity.	stb-evs	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
31164969-11	2019	Importantly, DPPIV-bound STB-EVs increase eightfold in the circulation of women with GDM.	stb-evs	25-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
31108878-8	2019	3D-RISM calculations on piroxicam-bound DPP-4 were used to understand the stability of water molecules at the active site.	Piroxicam	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
31108878-8	2019	3D-RISM calculations on piroxicam-bound DPP-4 were used to understand the stability of water molecules at the active site.	Water	87-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
31108878-9	2019	Finally, piroxicam was chosen as the repurposing drug to become a new DPP-4 inhibitor and validated experimentally using fluorescence spectroscopy assay.	Piroxicam	9-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
31108878-10	2019	These findings are novel and provide new insights into the role of piroxicam as a new lead to inhibit DPP-4 and, taking into consideration the biological half-life of piroxicam, it can be proposed as a possible therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes mellitus.	Piroxicam	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
31217853-4	2019	Our findings show that inhibition of DPP-4 by sitagliptin could reduce oxidative stress, increase cell viability and prevent degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) induced by AGEs in human primary chondrocytes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
31074791-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril/valsartan combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor lead to markedly higher concentrations of intact GLP-1 than DPP-4 inhibition alone, supporting a role for both neprilysin and DPP-4 in the metabolism of GLP-1 in humans, a finding which may have therapeutic implications.	sacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combination	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
31074791-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril/valsartan combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor lead to markedly higher concentrations of intact GLP-1 than DPP-4 inhibition alone, supporting a role for both neprilysin and DPP-4 in the metabolism of GLP-1 in humans, a finding which may have therapeutic implications.	sacubitril and valsartan sodium hydrate drug combination	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
31074791-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril/valsartan combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor lead to markedly higher concentrations of intact GLP-1 than DPP-4 inhibition alone, supporting a role for both neprilysin and DPP-4 in the metabolism of GLP-1 in humans, a finding which may have therapeutic implications.	Valsartan	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
31074791-10	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Sacubitril/valsartan combined with a DPP-4 inhibitor lead to markedly higher concentrations of intact GLP-1 than DPP-4 inhibition alone, supporting a role for both neprilysin and DPP-4 in the metabolism of GLP-1 in humans, a finding which may have therapeutic implications.	Valsartan	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
30460858-5	2019	The most common OAD combination received by over half of all patients was dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) + thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (64.1% [JMDC] and 70.5% [MDV]).	jmdc	152-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
31139140-0	2019	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Brain Disorders; A Mini-Review With Special Focus on Linagliptin and Stroke.	Linagliptin	118-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31139140-6	2019	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor which is clinically approved to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
30848289-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i or gliptins) increase the risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP).	dpp-4i	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30457671-8	2019	Hypoglycemia risk for DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones was generally very low but increased slightly for both GLP-1RAs and metformin.	Metformin	149-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
30500110-1	2019	Saxagliptin is an orally administered, highly potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-90
30460858-5	2019	The most common OAD combination received by over half of all patients was dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) + thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (64.1% [JMDC] and 70.5% [MDV]).	mdv	169-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
30904743-8	2019	The most commonly prescribed second-line therapies were combinations of metformin with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (23.5%; ARR: 2.2-29.6%) or a sulfonylurea (20.9%; ARR: 13.6-57.1%).	Metformin	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-111
30609212-1	2019	AIMS: To characterize the glycaemic efficacy and safety of initiation of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin during metformin dose escalation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not at glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goal on a sub-maximal dose of metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
30609212-1	2019	AIMS: To characterize the glycaemic efficacy and safety of initiation of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin during metformin dose escalation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) not at glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) goal on a sub-maximal dose of metformin.	Metformin	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
30982160-1	2019	Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan and Korea and is being researched in several countries.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
30982160-1	2019	Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan and Korea and is being researched in several countries.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
30982160-2	2019	Teneligliptin is a potent, selective, and long-lasting DPP-4 inhibitor with a t1/2 of approximately 24 h and unique pharmacokinetic properties: it is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), or excreted from the kidney in an unchanged form.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
30982160-8	2019	The fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of teneligliptin and canagliflozin has been approved in Japan; this is the first FDC tablet of a DPP-4 inhibitor and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor in Japan, and the third globally.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	43-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
30928213-7	2019	The solvent evaporation technique provided the better coating of HPMC around DNA-core with gastro-resistant and effervescent property due to presence of NaHCO3 (0.01%) in the formulations that caused delayed delivery of VD as well as nanoparticles to the intestine, increasing the availability time of the drug and nanospheres at the target sites (intestine and blood) where DPP-4 enzyme is most abundant (to degrade the GLP-1 and GIP causing loss of control of the postprandial glycemic levels.	Hypromellose Derivatives	65-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	375-380
30810254-0	2019	Impact of dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on serum levels of soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in patients with type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.	dapagliflozin	10-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
31019624-1	2019	Background: Sitagliptin, the first dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy and safety as monotherapy and as add-on therapy to oral antidiabetic agents or insulin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
30969123-6	2019	Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were predicted to form hydrogen-bonds, pi-pi bonds, and charge interactions with the activity sites, especially the amino acid residues located in the S2 pocket of DPP-IV, potentially contributing to their DPP-IV inhibitory activities.	Hydrogen	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
30969123-6	2019	Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were predicted to form hydrogen-bonds, pi-pi bonds, and charge interactions with the activity sites, especially the amino acid residues located in the S2 pocket of DPP-IV, potentially contributing to their DPP-IV inhibitory activities.	Hydrogen	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	240-246
30969123-6	2019	Furthermore, molecular docking revealed that the DPP-IV inhibitory peptides were predicted to form hydrogen-bonds, pi-pi bonds, and charge interactions with the activity sites, especially the amino acid residues located in the S2 pocket of DPP-IV, potentially contributing to their DPP-IV inhibitory activities.	Hydrogen	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	240-246
30136384-0	2019	Effect of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on glucose control and renoprotection in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic kidney disease.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
30136384-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Switching to teneligliptin from other DPP-4 inhibitors for 24 weeks reduces plasma DPP-4 activity, which is associated with a reduction in albuminuria, independent of the change in glucose levels, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	26-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
30136384-1	2019	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on glucose control and renoprotection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	98-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
30136384-1	2019	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on glucose control and renoprotection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	98-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
30136384-1	2019	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on glucose control and renoprotection in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease.	Glucose	168-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
30136384-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Switching to teneligliptin from other DPP-4 inhibitors for 24 weeks reduces plasma DPP-4 activity, which is associated with a reduction in albuminuria, independent of the change in glucose levels, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic kidney disease.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	26-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
30156056-1	2019	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin, on body composition in a 12-week randomized add-on trial in Japanese participants with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	132-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-120
30171747-8	2019	Although the pre-breakfast glucose levels were not significantly different among the treatments (P = 0.248), the 3-h postprandial glucose area under the curve (&gt;160 mg/dL) after breakfast was significantly larger with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 (9,550 [2,075-11,395] vs 4,065 [1,950-8,895]; P = 0.041).	Glucose	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	240-244
30171747-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of GV with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 suggested that LMET + DPP4 might reduce post-breakfast GV to a greater degree than HMET in type 2 diabetes patients receiving low-dose metformin monotherapy.	gv	116-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
30171747-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: A comparison of GV with HMET versus LMET + DPP4 suggested that LMET + DPP4 might reduce post-breakfast GV to a greater degree than HMET in type 2 diabetes patients receiving low-dose metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	196-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
31105821-3	2019	Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated H/R-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of NOX-4 and restoring the intracellular level of GSH in CMECs.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
31105821-3	2019	Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated H/R-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of NOX-4 and restoring the intracellular level of GSH in CMECs.	r	137-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
31105821-3	2019	Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated H/R-induced oxidative stress by decreasing the expression of NOX-4 and restoring the intracellular level of GSH in CMECs.	Glutathione	243-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
30393950-0	2019	Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	142-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-131
30828846-0	2019	Randomised clinical trial: the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits gastric accommodation and increases glucagon-like peptide-1 plasma levels in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
30632171-0	2019	A new stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of enantiomeric purity of a DPP-4 inhibitor drug linagliptin.	Linagliptin	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
30229901-2	2019	We aimed to investigate the association between different glucose-lowering treatments, including DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin, both with potential NRF2 modulating effects, and new-onset metastatic cancer among type 2 diabetes patients with comorbid incident cancer.	Metformin	118-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
30456843-0	2019	Impact of metformin use on the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: An analysis of Medicare claims data from 2007 to 2015.	Metformin	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
30456843-5	2019	RESULTS: For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP-4 inhibitors: -2.0/100 person-years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to -1.3) and - 1.0/100 person-years (95% CI -1.8 to -0.2) among metformin non-users.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	53-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
30456843-5	2019	RESULTS: For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP-4 inhibitors: -2.0/100 person-years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to -1.3) and - 1.0/100 person-years (95% CI -1.8 to -0.2) among metformin non-users.	Metformin	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
30456843-5	2019	RESULTS: For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 13 391) versus sulphonylurea (n = 33 206) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence favoured DPP-4 inhibitors: -2.0/100 person-years among metformin users (95% confidence interval [CI] -2.7 to -1.3) and - 1.0/100 person-years (95% CI -1.8 to -0.2) among metformin non-users.	Metformin	310-319	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
30456843-7	2019	The interaction between DPP-4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for non-fatal MI (P = 0.008).	Metformin	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
30456843-8	2019	For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 22 210) versus thiazolidinedione (n = 9517) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence for DPP-4 inhibitor initiation were -0.6/100 person-years (95% CI -1.5 to 0.2) among metformin users and 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) among metformin non-users.	Metformin	218-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
30456843-8	2019	For the DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 22 210) versus thiazolidinedione (n = 9517) comparison, rate differences in composite outcome incidence for DPP-4 inhibitor initiation were -0.6/100 person-years (95% CI -1.5 to 0.2) among metformin users and 1.0 (95% CI 0.0 to 2.0) among metformin non-users.	Metformin	268-277	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
30456843-10	2019	The interaction between DPP-4 inhibitor initiation and metformin was statistically significant for the composite outcome (P = 0.024) and mortality (P = 0.023).	Metformin	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
30456843-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin.	Metformin	148-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
30456843-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin.	Metformin	148-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	201-206
30456843-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Incidence rate differences in multiple CV outcomes appeared more favourable when DPP-4 inhibitor initiation occurred in the presence of metformin, suggesting a possible interaction between DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin.	Metformin	222-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
30894647-0	2019	Development of a 13C Stable Isotope Assay for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Enzyme Activity A New Breath Test for Dipeptidyl Peptidase Activity.	13c	17-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
30894647-3	2019	We aimed to develop a selective, non-invasive, stable-isotope 13C-breath test for DPP4.	13c	62-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
30894647-6	2019	A DPP4 selective 13C-tripeptide was added to cells in the presence and absence of the DPP4 inhibitor Sitagliptin.	13c-tripeptide	17-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	2-6
30894647-8	2019	DPP4 was highly expressed in Caco-2 cells compared to HeLa cells and using the 13C-tripeptide, we detected a high 13CO2 signal from Caco2 cells.	13c-tripeptide	79-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30894647-8	2019	DPP4 was highly expressed in Caco-2 cells compared to HeLa cells and using the 13C-tripeptide, we detected a high 13CO2 signal from Caco2 cells.	13co2	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30894647-10	2019	13C-assay DPP4 activity correlated positively with the enzyme activity detected using a colorimetric substrate.	13c	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
30894647-11	2019	We have developed a selective, non-invasive, 13C-assay for DPP4 that could have broad translational applications in diabetes and gastrointestinal disease.	13c	45-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
32734188-1	2019	Alogliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
30609277-5	2019	Quercetin acts as a GLP-1R PAM and DPP-4 inhibitor, and therefore, might be considered as a pioneering agent with a dual mechanism of action, in terms of GLP-1R positive allosteric modulation and DPP-4 inhibition for potentiating GLP-1 dependent effects.	Quercetin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
30876392-5	2019	RESULTS: This narrative review discusses current evidence for the CV safety of these agents, describes the long-term CV effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, including effects on CV events, mortality, the risk for heart failure hospitalization, and highlights the need for further research into the CV effects of SU therapy.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	2-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
30862104-0	2019	Discovery of Galangin as a Potential DPP-4 Inhibitor That Improves Insulin-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake: A Combinational Therapy for Diabetes.	galangin	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
30862104-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a well-known therapeutic drug target proven to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus, and clinically, DPP-4 inhibitors are used in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Blood Glucose	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30862104-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a well-known therapeutic drug target proven to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus, and clinically, DPP-4 inhibitors are used in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Blood Glucose	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
30862104-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a well-known therapeutic drug target proven to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus, and clinically, DPP-4 inhibitors are used in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Blood Glucose	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
30862104-4	2019	In this work, initially, molecular docking simulations revealed that a natural compound, Galangin, possess a binding energy of -24 KJ/mol and interaction residues SER 630 and TYR 547, that are responsible for potent DPP-4 inhibition.	Serine	163-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
30862104-4	2019	In this work, initially, molecular docking simulations revealed that a natural compound, Galangin, possess a binding energy of -24 KJ/mol and interaction residues SER 630 and TYR 547, that are responsible for potent DPP-4 inhibition.	Tyrosine	175-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
30609277-5	2019	Quercetin acts as a GLP-1R PAM and DPP-4 inhibitor, and therefore, might be considered as a pioneering agent with a dual mechanism of action, in terms of GLP-1R positive allosteric modulation and DPP-4 inhibition for potentiating GLP-1 dependent effects.	Quercetin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-201
30136405-2	2019	Recently, the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin has been found to counteract stroke among diabetic patients, showing great promise in drug repurposing and indication expansion.	Linagliptin	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
30886577-4	2019	Results: An inverse correlation was found between DPP4 activity and BDNF (r = -0.456, P &lt; 0.001) and this inverse correlation was partly mediated by nitrotyrosine and 8-iso-PGF2a.	8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha	170-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
30242726-1	2019	AIMS: The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-I: sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
30242726-1	2019	AIMS: The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-I: sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	155-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
30242726-7	2019	Indirect comparison results showed that except for alogliptin, a decrease was found for all DPP4-I versus the placebo for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with vildagliptin50 twice daily (BID) showing the highest probability.	vildagliptin50	150-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
30242726-8	2019	Linagliptin5 once daily (QD) decreased the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) the most for all DPP4-I versus the placebo; when comparing them with each other, alogliptin25QD was more effective when compared with sitagliptin100QD and vildaglipti50BID; linagliptin5qd had the highest decrease impact on body mass index (BMI).	linagliptin5	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
30242726-8	2019	Linagliptin5 once daily (QD) decreased the level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) the most for all DPP4-I versus the placebo; when comparing them with each other, alogliptin25QD was more effective when compared with sitagliptin100QD and vildaglipti50BID; linagliptin5qd had the highest decrease impact on body mass index (BMI).	Glucose	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
30242726-11	2019	DPP4-I have a lowering effect on the glycemic level (HbA1c, FPG), especially vildaglipti50BID and linagliptin10QD, respectively.	vildaglipti50bid	77-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30242726-11	2019	DPP4-I have a lowering effect on the glycemic level (HbA1c, FPG), especially vildaglipti50BID and linagliptin10QD, respectively.	linagliptin10qd	98-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30136405-2	2019	Recently, the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin has been found to counteract stroke among diabetic patients, showing great promise in drug repurposing and indication expansion.	Linagliptin	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
30515958-5	2019	In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti-diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides.	Thiazolidinediones	262-280	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
30362280-1	2019	AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of add-on therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin compared with sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) inadequately controlled with metformin and glimepiride.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	99-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
30515958-5	2019	In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti-diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	286-299	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
30515958-5	2019	In this review, we evaluated the pharmacogenetic evidences currently available in the literature, and we identified the top informative genetic variants associated with response to the most common anti-diabetic drugs: metformin, DPP-4 inhibitors/GLP1R agonists, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas/meglitinides.	meglitinide	300-312	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
30607467-2	2019	The linagliptin study (CARMELINA) recruited people with renal disease as well as prior CV events and confirms the overall CV safety (and other safety) of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, with no heart failure risk associated with this agent.	Linagliptin	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-179
30567879-1	2019	The O-glucuronide of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, is a major metabolite in monkeys and a minor metabolite in humans, rats, and dogs.	o-glucuronide	4-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
30567879-1	2019	The O-glucuronide of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, is a major metabolite in monkeys and a minor metabolite in humans, rats, and dogs.	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
30607467-2	2019	The linagliptin study (CARMELINA) recruited people with renal disease as well as prior CV events and confirms the overall CV safety (and other safety) of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, with no heart failure risk associated with this agent.	Linagliptin	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-185
30607467-13	2019	DPP4 inhibitors are a safe choice within the glucose-lowering stepped algorithm.	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30738832-7	2019	Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) &gt;= 30 had a higher level of monocyte DPP4 expression, in parallel with higher levels of HOMA-IR, blood glucose, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, compared to those in the non-obese (BMI &lt; 30) patients.	Triglycerides	157-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
30710655-15	2019	INTERPRETATION: These results suggest better safety profile for DPP-4 inhibitors than sulfonylureas for both comparisons, and it is more notable when the treatment regimen includes metformin.	Metformin	181-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
30738832-7	2019	Obese patients with body mass index (BMI) &gt;= 30 had a higher level of monocyte DPP4 expression, in parallel with higher levels of HOMA-IR, blood glucose, triglycerides, and non-HDL cholesterol, compared to those in the non-obese (BMI &lt; 30) patients.	Cholesterol	184-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
30738832-12	2019	Increased DPP4 in response to oxidized lipids may represent an integrated mechanism linking post-prandial glucose metabolism to lipoprotein abnormality-potentiated atherosclerosis.	Glucose	106-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
31169082-7	2019	Pharmacovigilance and cohort studies have revealed that DPP4is, especially vildagliptin, teneligliptin, and linagliptin, are a potential risk factor for BP onset.	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
30654307-4	2019	In the current study, we investigated whether the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin could prevent degradation of the articular extracellular matrix in human primary chondrocytes.	alogliptin	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
31169082-7	2019	Pharmacovigilance and cohort studies have revealed that DPP4is, especially vildagliptin, teneligliptin, and linagliptin, are a potential risk factor for BP onset.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
30654307-7	2019	This suggests that DPP-4 inhibitors such as alogliptin may be used as an effective preventative therapy against continued destruction of the articular extracellular matrix in OA.	alogliptin	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
29883070-0	2019	Altered T-cell subsets and transcription factors in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults taking sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: A 1-year open-label randomized controlled trial.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-133
31041232-1	2019	Background: With the available evidence of early combined oral drug therapies being more effective in lowering blood glucose levels than maximal doses of a single drug, many clinicians are taking the aggressive approach of adding a sulfonylurea or a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to metformin as the initial therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	250-272
30888218-0	2019	Homocysteine-induced inverse expression of tissue factor and DPP4 in endothelial cells is related to NADPH oxidase activity.	Homocysteine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
30660990-2	2019	Anagliptin is a novel licensed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
30660990-2	2019	Anagliptin is a novel licensed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of T2DM.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
30888218-6	2019	Interestingly, inhibition of NOX-mediated nitrotyrosine (ROS) with the use of apocynin not only reduced these effects, but also counteracted the effects of Hcy on TF and DPP4 expression.	3-nitrotyrosine	42-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-174
30888218-6	2019	Interestingly, inhibition of NOX-mediated nitrotyrosine (ROS) with the use of apocynin not only reduced these effects, but also counteracted the effects of Hcy on TF and DPP4 expression.	Reactive Oxygen Species	57-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-174
30888218-6	2019	Interestingly, inhibition of NOX-mediated nitrotyrosine (ROS) with the use of apocynin not only reduced these effects, but also counteracted the effects of Hcy on TF and DPP4 expression.	Homocysteine	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-174
30888218-7	2019	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the inverse relation of TF and DPP4 in endothelial cells is also Hcy-dependent and related to NOX activity.	Homocysteine	105-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
30632692-2	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are common glucose-lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Glucose	53-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30632692-2	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are common glucose-lowering drugs in type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Glucose	53-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
30642693-0	2019	Identification of novel uracil derivatives incorporating benzoic acid moieties as highly potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibitors.	Uracil	24-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
30642693-0	2019	Identification of novel uracil derivatives incorporating benzoic acid moieties as highly potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV inhibitors.	Benzoic Acid	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
30642693-2	2019	Aiming to interact with both residues Try629 and Lys554 in S2" site, a series of novel uracil derivatives 1a-l and 2a-i incorporating benzoic acid moieties at the N3 position were designed and evaluated for their DPP-4 inhibitory activity.	Uracil	87-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
30146790-0	2019	Mechanistic insights from sequential combination therapy with a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor: Results from the CANARIS Trial using canagliflozin and teneligliptin.	Canagliflozin	183-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
30775811-2	2019	The first DPP-4 was sitagliptin followed by several other agents in the class introduced to manage diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
30886868-1	2019	Background: The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been recently recognized as an adipo-myokine.	adipo-myokine	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
30886868-1	2019	Background: The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) has been recently recognized as an adipo-myokine.	adipo-myokine	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
30452909-1	2019	In the present study, we investigated the effects of the specific DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan, the main components of the articular extracellular matrix, in primary human chondrocytes.	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
30302966-3	2019	METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, soluble DPP-4 levels were measured in preserved sera from 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had participated in our previous coronary artery calcium (CAC) score study.	Calcium	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
30146790-1	2019	AIM: To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the sequential use of SGLT2 and DPP4 inhibitors (SGLT2i and DPP-4i).	dpp-4i	105-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
30302966-5	2019	Univariate analyses revealed significant correlations of soluble DPP-4 levels with the total cholesterol (r=0.214, P=0.019) and serum creatinine levels (r=-0.315, P<0.001) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation) (r=0.303, P=0.001).	Cholesterol	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
30365987-4	2019	The peptides were subjected to molecular docking on human DPP-IV where the binding free energies were PFP &lt; YPG &lt; YPL &lt; diprotin A while hydrogen bond interactions were critical in the binding of YPL and YPG.	diprotin A	129-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
30302966-5	2019	Univariate analyses revealed significant correlations of soluble DPP-4 levels with the total cholesterol (r=0.214, P=0.019) and serum creatinine levels (r=-0.315, P<0.001) and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; estimated using the modification of diet in renal disease equation) (r=0.303, P=0.001).	Creatinine	134-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
30302966-6	2019	The associations of soluble DPP-4 levels with serum creatinine and GFR remained significant after adjusting for age, body mass index, and duration of diabetes.	Creatinine	52-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
30506494-8	2019	Conversely, DPP-4 inhibitor users secreted more insulin than TZD users (HOMA-beta 45.7 +- 31.6 vs. 61.4 +- 49.5, p = 0.016).	HOMA	72-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
30506494-8	2019	Conversely, DPP-4 inhibitor users secreted more insulin than TZD users (HOMA-beta 45.7 +- 31.6 vs. 61.4 +- 49.5, p = 0.016).	(2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium	77-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
30574864-2	2019	A new fixed-dose combination (FDC) drug containing gemigliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, and sustained-release metformin has been developed.	2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine	30-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
30365987-4	2019	The peptides were subjected to molecular docking on human DPP-IV where the binding free energies were PFP &lt; YPG &lt; YPL &lt; diprotin A while hydrogen bond interactions were critical in the binding of YPL and YPG.	Hydrogen	146-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
30624566-12	2019	Subgroup analyses revealed a significant association in male patients (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.39-2.63; P &lt; .001) and that vildagliptin was the most high-risk DPP-4 inhibitor (aOR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.73-4.34; P &lt; .001).	Vildagliptin	123-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
30444033-1	2019	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin (VLD), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exerts favourable effects on vascular endothelium in diabetes.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
30701000-1	2019	Background: One of the treatment options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a combination drug (CD) that contains the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4I) alogliptin (AG) together with pioglitazone (PG).	alogliptin	161-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-142
30624566-11	2019	The use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing BP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25-2.00; P &lt; .001); among all DPP-4 inhibitors used in Korea, the highest aOR was associated with the use of vildagliptin (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.50; P &lt; .001).	Vildagliptin	256-268	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
30624566-14	2019	Of the DPP-4 inhibitors available in Korea, vildagliptin was associated with the highest risk, particularly in male patients.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
30624566-15	2019	Practitioners should consider that DPP-4 inhibitors, particularly vildagliptin, may be associated with the development of BP in patients with diabetes.	Vildagliptin	66-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
30554037-14	2019	Finally, we show that exenatide decreased the activity of DPP-4 in TNF-alpha stimulated HRPE cells.	Exenatide	22-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
30346099-7	2019	Single doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg sitagliptin inhibited 67.2%, 73.8%, and 81.2% of plasma DPP-4 activity over 24 hours, respectively.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
30666842-3	2019	The objective of this study is to detect the signals of cardiovascular AEs after use of DPP-4 inhibitors by analyzing the Korea Institute of Drug Safety &amp; Risk Management-Korea Adverse Event Reporting System Database (KIDS-KD).	Adenosine Monophosphate	154-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
30312887-2	2019	Addition of linagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, to metformin improves glycemic control.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	Diterpenes, Clerodane	62-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide	72-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	20-hydroxycholesterol	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	Rutin	156-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	Quercetin	163-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30691220-4	2019	This study aimed to validate the DPP-4 inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpene 16-hydroxycleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide (HCD) from Polyalthia longifolia, rutin, quercetin, and berberine, previously selected through molecular docking.	Berberine	178-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
30678216-5	2019	Food-derived components, such as protein hydrolysates (peptides), have been suggested as potential DPP-IV inhibitors which can help manage blood glucose levels.	Glucose	145-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
30774748-0	2019	Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Ameliorates Chronic Kidney Disease in a Model of Salt-Dependent Hypertension.	Salts	83-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30676706-0	2019	[Application of new glucose lowering drugs: DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors].	Glucose	20-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
30774748-5	2019	Chronic DPP4 inhibition positively affected renal function with a significant reduction in albuminuria and serum creatinine.	Creatinine	113-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
30511572-4	2019	Using this method, we found that cancer drug mitoxantrone possesses significant DPP-4 inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo.	Mitoxantrone	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
30475594-9	2019	In addition, the miniature sensor was successfully applied to the detection of an AIE-based bioprobe for evaluating the activity of the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with an IC50 of 59.80 +- 3.06 nM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	177-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-158
30475594-9	2019	In addition, the miniature sensor was successfully applied to the detection of an AIE-based bioprobe for evaluating the activity of the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with an IC50 of 59.80 +- 3.06 nM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	177-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
31204117-0	2019	Effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
31149054-1	2019	Background: Linagliptin (LNG) is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes, without developing hypoglycemic risk and weight gain with a good clinical and biological tolerance profile.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
31149054-1	2019	Background: Linagliptin (LNG) is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes, without developing hypoglycemic risk and weight gain with a good clinical and biological tolerance profile.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
31149054-1	2019	Background: Linagliptin (LNG) is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes, without developing hypoglycemic risk and weight gain with a good clinical and biological tolerance profile.	Linagliptin	25-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
31149054-1	2019	Background: Linagliptin (LNG) is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes, without developing hypoglycemic risk and weight gain with a good clinical and biological tolerance profile.	Linagliptin	25-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
31149054-1	2019	Background: Linagliptin (LNG) is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that ameliorates blood glucose control of patients with type 2 diabetes, without developing hypoglycemic risk and weight gain with a good clinical and biological tolerance profile.	Blood Glucose	103-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
31204117-4	2019	This retrospective study investigated the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) documented at mini mental state examination (MMSE).	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
31204117-4	2019	This retrospective study investigated the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) documented at mini mental state examination (MMSE).	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
30123993-2	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug, which increases beta cell mass.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
30594915-6	2019	RESULTS: The ROC curve indicated a good performance of DPP-IV for discriminating PTC from BTN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.881 (95% CI, 0.840-0.922).	Biotin	90-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
30123993-2	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug, which increases beta cell mass.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
31057098-4	2019	Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitor were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range.	Resveratrol	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Alanine	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Alanine	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Proline	191-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
30255759-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP 4) enzyme cleaves an incretin-based glucoregulatory hormone Glucagon Like Peptide -1 from N-terminal where penultimate amino acid is either alanine or proline.	Proline	191-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
30255759-9	2019	RESULTS: Based on docking studies, virtual hits were predicted to form interaction with essential amino acid residues of DPP 4 and have an almost similar binding orientation as that of the reference molecule.	Amino Acids, Essential	88-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
31057098-4	2019	Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitor were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range.	Luteolin	75-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
31057098-4	2019	Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitor were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range.	Apigenin	85-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
31057098-4	2019	Out of all, the most potent DPP-IV inhibitor were found to be resveratrol, luteolin, apigenin and flavone having activity in nanomolar range.	flavone	98-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
31336466-19	2019	Overall, amongst oral hypoglycemic agents, the combination of metformin and DPP4 inhibitors (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) was being prescribed majorly i.e 16.41%.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
29766812-0	2019	Switching Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors to Tofogliflozin, a Selective Inhibitor of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Improve Arterial Stiffness Evaluated by Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study.	6-((4-ethylphenyl)methyl)-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-6'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),2'-(2H)pyran)-3',4',5'-triol	47-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
29766812-1	2019	BACKGROUND: We have found that anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) significantly ameliorates arterial stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients compared with an equivalent hypoglycaemic agent, glimepiride.	anagliptin	31-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
29766812-1	2019	BACKGROUND: We have found that anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) significantly ameliorates arterial stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients compared with an equivalent hypoglycaemic agent, glimepiride.	anagliptin	31-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
29766812-1	2019	BACKGROUND: We have found that anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) significantly ameliorates arterial stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients compared with an equivalent hypoglycaemic agent, glimepiride.	glimepiride	224-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
29766812-8	2019	CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that switching DPP-4 inhibitors to tofogliflozin ameliorates arterial stiffness in T2DM patients partly via improvement of liver function.	6-((4-ethylphenyl)methyl)-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-6'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),2'-(2H)pyran)-3',4',5'-triol	74-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
31336466-19	2019	Overall, amongst oral hypoglycemic agents, the combination of metformin and DPP4 inhibitors (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) was being prescribed majorly i.e 16.41%.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
30308704-5	2019	Linagliptin, a Dpp4 inhibitor, played the antifibrotic role in HSF exposed to HG, the levels of Col1, Col3 and alpha-SMA were significantly downregulated, and the cell proliferation and migration were also inhibited.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
31016151-15	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors seem to be fast catching up with sulfonylureas as a second-line treatment after metformin.	Metformin	114-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30318179-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic drugs that safely reduce the blood glucose level over the long term.	Glucose	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30466028-3	2019	In our study, we show that linagliptin, a commercially available DPP-4 inhibitor, plays a protective role in retinal vascular endothelial cells.	Linagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
30318179-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic drugs that safely reduce the blood glucose level over the long term.	Glucose	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
30318179-8	2019	Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and alogliptin are mainly excreted in the urine and suppress renal sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 activity.	alogliptin	47-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
31353485-0	2019	Features of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from dietary proteins.	Peptides	56-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
29607626-0	2019	Drug fever and acute inflammation from hypercytokinemia triggered by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	102-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
29607626-1	2019	A 69-year-old man started taking the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
31353485-0	2019	Features of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from dietary proteins.	Peptides	56-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
30589625-0	2019	Implications of Removing Rosiglitazone"s Black Box Warning and Restricted Access Program on the Uptake of Thiazolidinediones and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	Rosiglitazone	25-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-151
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Dipeptides	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30418475-3	2019	Objective: To evaluate the effect of linagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, on CV outcomes and kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of CV and kidney events.	Linagliptin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Dipeptides	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Proline	67-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Proline	67-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Alanine	72-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Alanine	72-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29806214-1	2019	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides, with Pro, Ala or Ser at the penultimate position, and, in that way, modulates biological activity of certain polypeptides.	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29806214-3	2019	Besides the regulation of glucose metabolism, DPP-4 also exhibits many other systemic effects, and the inhibition of its activity might lead to cardiovascular and renal protection.	Glucose	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
30597861-6	2018	RESULTS: The risk of all-cause dementia was lower in the DPP-4i group compared to the SU group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.78; p &lt; 0.001).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	2-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
28847268-0	2019	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Spiro Cyclohexane-1,2- Quinazoline Derivatives as Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors.	spiro cyclohexane-1,2- quinazoline	47-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-127
28847268-2	2019	METHOD: Based on linagliptin, this study discusses the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of spiro cyclohexane-1,2"-quinazoline scaffold hybridized with various heterocyclic ring systems through different atomic spacers as a highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	Linagliptin	17-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	248-253
28847268-2	2019	METHOD: Based on linagliptin, this study discusses the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of spiro cyclohexane-1,2"-quinazoline scaffold hybridized with various heterocyclic ring systems through different atomic spacers as a highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	spiro cyclohexane-1,2"-quinazoline	102-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	248-253
28847268-3	2019	DPP-4 enzyme assay represented that most of the target compounds are 102-103 folds more active than the reference drug linagliptin (IC50: 0.0005-0.0089 nM vs 0.77 nM; respectively).	Linagliptin	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30655986-2	2019	CD26/DPP4 is a multifunctional molecule with diverse biological effects, including regulatory effects on tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and is a potential novel therapeutic target for selected cancers.	cd26	0-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
30597861-7	2018	Particularly, DPP-4i use showed a significantly lower risk of Alzheimer"s disease (HR 0.64; 95% CI 0.52-0.79; p &lt; 0.001) and a lower risk, albeit non-significant, of vascular dementia compared to SU use (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.38-1.14; p = 0.139).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	199-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
30646315-15	2018	The comparative risk of cardiovascular events was higher after starting treatment with sulfonylureas (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.23-1.49) or basal insulin (HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.81-2.27) than DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	87-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-188
33693068-5	2018	Cardiovascular outcome trials conducted so far suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, alogliptin, and saxagliptin) do not promote arteriosclerotic disease, but there may be a difference between these drugs with regard to safety for heart failure.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
33693068-5	2018	Cardiovascular outcome trials conducted so far suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, alogliptin, and saxagliptin) do not promote arteriosclerotic disease, but there may be a difference between these drugs with regard to safety for heart failure.	alogliptin	91-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
33693068-5	2018	Cardiovascular outcome trials conducted so far suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, alogliptin, and saxagliptin) do not promote arteriosclerotic disease, but there may be a difference between these drugs with regard to safety for heart failure.	saxagliptin	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
33693068-7	2018	In contrast, the CARMELINA study investigated the cardiovascular safety of linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney dysfunction.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
30574454-8	2018	At diagnosis, CD34+/CD26+ cells median value/muL was 0.48; this number increased from diagnosis to the third month of therapy and then reduced during treatment with imatinib.	Imatinib Mesylate	165-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
30518618-12	2018	In the pharmacovigilance analysis, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists were both associated with increased reporting odds ratios for cholangiocarcinoma, compared with use of sulfonylureas or thiazolidinediones (1.63, 1.00 to 2.66, 4.73, 2.95 to 7.58, respectively).	Thiazolidinediones	211-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
30646315-18	2018	Clinicians may consider prescribing GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, or DPP-4 inhibitors more routinely after metformin rather than sulfonylureas or basal insulin.	Metformin	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
30328028-9	2018	We detected a positive correlation between DPP-4 activity and 3-nitrotyrosine levels (r = 0.3903; P &lt; 0.01), a negative correlation between Beclin-1 levels and DPP-4 activity (r = - 0.3335; P &lt; 0.01), and a negative correlation between 3-nitrotyrosine and Beclin-1 levels (r = - 0.3794; P &lt; 0.01) in coronary heart disease patients.	3-nitrotyrosine	62-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
30195058-7	2018	Both can be ameliorated by dietary phytochemicals, such as specific classes of phenols (isoflavones, phenolic methoxy abietanes, hydroxylated anthraquinones) or polycyclic triterpenes (sterols, lupanes), by dual inhibition of key enzymes in AGA (5alpha-reductase) and insulin resistance (ie., DPP-4 or PTP1B) or agonism of nuclear receptors (PPARgamma).	Phenols	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	293-298
30243239-0	2018	Rational design and synthesis of new tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as potent anti-diabetics and DPP-4 inhibitors: 2D &amp; 3D QSAR, in vivo radiolabeling and bio distribution studies.	tetralin	37-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
30243239-0	2018	Rational design and synthesis of new tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as potent anti-diabetics and DPP-4 inhibitors: 2D &amp; 3D QSAR, in vivo radiolabeling and bio distribution studies.	Sulfonamides	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
30243239-2	2018	This study deals with design, synthesis and in vivo determination of a new set of tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as anti-diabetic and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibiting agents.	tetralin-sulfonamide	82-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-159
30243239-2	2018	This study deals with design, synthesis and in vivo determination of a new set of tetralin-sulfonamide derivatives as anti-diabetic and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibiting agents.	tetralin-sulfonamide	82-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-166
30243239-3	2018	Most of the new compounds exhibited significant hypoglycemic effect alongside with DPP-4 suppression potency considering sitagliptin as a reference drug.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	121-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
30243239-7	2018	In addition, the new compounds were docked in the active site of DPP-4 in reference to sitagliptin to rationalize the binding modes of the compounds with the amino acid residues of the enzyme.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
30019498-1	2018	AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin with the sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild renal insufficiency.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
30033664-8	2018	This took place in a time-dependent manner, which coincided with the capacity of DPP-4 inhibition, by linagliptin, to augment left ventricular contractility in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner.	Linagliptin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
29966149-10	2018	The results showed that concomitant administration of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, with the SGLT2 inhibitor yielded the best results in terms of the lowering of the HbA1c and improvement of the serum lipid profile.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
30253968-1	2018	AIM: We investigated if a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, can prevent perioperative stress hyperglycemia in patients without prior history of diabetes mellitus undergoing general surgery.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
30593182-1	2018	Limited data are available about the cardiovascular (CV) safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-117
29768061-2	2018	Our initial approach started with pharmacophore screening of ADORA3 modulators; to choose linagliptin (LIN), approved anti-diabetic drug as Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, to be studied for its modulating effect towards ADORA3.	Linagliptin	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-162
30557974-2	2018	While acute pancreatitis cases induced by saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin (all of which are members of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 group) have been reported, there is no clear evidence suggesting that linagliptin may cause pancreatitis, and information in this regard is limited to a few studies.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
30593182-1	2018	Limited data are available about the cardiovascular (CV) safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
30242112-6	2018	The most significantly decreased AR target gene was dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which encodes a membrane-anchored protein that cleaves dipeptides from multiple growth factors, resulting in their increased degradation.	Dipeptides	138-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
30242112-6	2018	The most significantly decreased AR target gene was dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which encodes a membrane-anchored protein that cleaves dipeptides from multiple growth factors, resulting in their increased degradation.	Dipeptides	138-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
30242112-7	2018	DPP4 mRNA and protein were also decreased in clinical CRPC cases, and inhibition of DPP4 with sitagliptin enhanced the growth of prostate cancer xenografts following castration.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
30242112-9	2018	Together, these results implicate DPP4 as an AR-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose loss enhances growth factor activity and suggest that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may accelerate emergence of resistance to ADT.Significance: These findings identify DPP4 as an AR-stimulated tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer, warning that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, may accelerate prostate cancer progression following androgen deprivation therapy.	adt	213-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
30242112-9	2018	Together, these results implicate DPP4 as an AR-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose loss enhances growth factor activity and suggest that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may accelerate emergence of resistance to ADT.Significance: These findings identify DPP4 as an AR-stimulated tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer, warning that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, may accelerate prostate cancer progression following androgen deprivation therapy.	adt	213-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
30242112-9	2018	Together, these results implicate DPP4 as an AR-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose loss enhances growth factor activity and suggest that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may accelerate emergence of resistance to ADT.Significance: These findings identify DPP4 as an AR-stimulated tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer, warning that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, may accelerate prostate cancer progression following androgen deprivation therapy.	adt	213-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
30242112-9	2018	Together, these results implicate DPP4 as an AR-regulated tumor suppressor gene whose loss enhances growth factor activity and suggest that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors may accelerate emergence of resistance to ADT.Significance: These findings identify DPP4 as an AR-stimulated tumor suppressor gene that is downregulated during progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer, warning that treatment with DPP4 inhibitors, commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes, may accelerate prostate cancer progression following androgen deprivation therapy.	adt	213-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
30487758-6	2018	Structural analysis revealed that the DPP4-saxagliptin interaction motif (S630, Y547) for the cyanopyrrolidine group is conserved in DPP8 (S755, Y669) and DPP9 (S730, Y644).	saxagliptin	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
30487758-6	2018	Structural analysis revealed that the DPP4-saxagliptin interaction motif (S630, Y547) for the cyanopyrrolidine group is conserved in DPP8 (S755, Y669) and DPP9 (S730, Y644).	Pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile	94-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
30487758-7	2018	Conversely, F357 that facilitates binding of the anchor lock domain of sitagliptin in the S2 extensive subsite of DPP4 is not conserved in DPP8/9.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-118
29952007-1	2018	Imigliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, designed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	imigliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
30342583-3	2018	DPP-4 is important in glucose metabolism; therefore, serum concentrations may be confounded by the presence of concomitant metabolic disease.	Glucose	22-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30203018-2	2018	Bacterial DPP4 seems to be involved in regulation of blood glucose level via degradation of incretins.	Glucose	59-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
30613561-1	2018	We report a yet unreported, adverse effect of teneligliptin [Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP IV)] presenting as diffuse pruritic erythematous rash, in a patient, 2 days after initiation of the drug.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	46-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-94
30613561-1	2018	We report a yet unreported, adverse effect of teneligliptin [Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP IV)] presenting as diffuse pruritic erythematous rash, in a patient, 2 days after initiation of the drug.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	46-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
30560227-3	2019	Design and Participants: Twenty patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin underwent a meal test before and after administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin for 4 weeks.	anagliptin	177-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-166
30560227-10	2019	However, given that the changes in glucagon levels measured using ELISA before and after dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy were similar to those based on LC-HRMS, this ELISA seems to be useful for evaluating the effect of the drug interventions on postprandial glucagon levels.	Glucagon	35-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-111
30364744-7	2018	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that that the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors on the blood pressure, lipid profile, and liver function differs between anagliptin and linagliptin.	anagliptin	151-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
30310100-1	2018	Although the glucose lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors is well established, several potential serious acute safety concerns have been raised including acute kidney injury, respiratory tract infections, and acute pancreatitis.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
30310100-1	2018	Although the glucose lowering effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors is well established, several potential serious acute safety concerns have been raised including acute kidney injury, respiratory tract infections, and acute pancreatitis.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
30310100-5	2018	Initiators of DPP4 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of acute kidney injury when compared to metformin initiators (HR [95% CI] for acute kidney injury: 1.85 [1.10-3.12], although this association was attenuated when DPP4 inhibitor monotherapy was compared to metformin monotherapy exposure as a time-dependent variable (HR 1.39 [0.91-2.11]).	Metformin	275-284	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
30364744-7	2018	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that that the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors on the blood pressure, lipid profile, and liver function differs between anagliptin and linagliptin.	Linagliptin	166-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
30172711-1	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin (VG) is used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
30285859-2	2018	This study explored the efficacy, safety, and preventive potential of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin (TRADJENTA ), in the development of glucocorticoid-induced diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
30172711-1	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin (VG) is used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
30058059-8	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed OADGs as add-on therapy to insulin types among the physicians (75.4-88.2%), followed by metformin (65.2-76.3%).	oadgs	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
30058059-8	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors were the most frequently prescribed OADGs as add-on therapy to insulin types among the physicians (75.4-88.2%), followed by metformin (65.2-76.3%).	oadgs	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
30058059-9	2018	The treatment factors influencing the choice of a DPP-4 inhibitor were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and postprandial glucose (PPG) lowering effect, frequency of administration, effect on glucagon, and ease of use in patients with renal or liver impairment.	Glucose	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
30058059-9	2018	The treatment factors influencing the choice of a DPP-4 inhibitor were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and postprandial glucose (PPG) lowering effect, frequency of administration, effect on glucagon, and ease of use in patients with renal or liver impairment.	ppg	125-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
30058059-11	2018	The patient characteristics for the choice of DPP-4 inhibitors among diabetologists were predominantly PPG, concern about hypoglycemia, diabetes complications, and adherence to diet and exercise.	ppg	103-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
30095971-1	2018	BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear.	Metformin	154-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
30095971-1	2018	BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear.	Metformin	154-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
30095971-1	2018	BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear.	Metformin	154-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
30095971-1	2018	BACKGROUND: As initial combination therapy of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, the efficacy and safety for the use of high dose of metformin or low dose of metformin and the efficacy and safety for the combination use for Asian and Caucasian patients were not clear.	Metformin	154-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
30095971-7	2018	CONCLUSION: As an initial treatment, the high dose of metformin in combination with DPP-4 inhibitors not only provided better glycemic control but also had less effect on weight gain compared with the low-dose combination therapy through the correction of metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	256-265	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
30117055-2	2018	DPP4 inhibitors stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon production.	Glucagon	74-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
30117055-4	2018	The addition of a DPP4 inhibitor to basal insulin is an attractive option, because they lower both postprandial and fasting plasma glucose concentrations without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
30120754-10	2018	CONCLUSION: Analysis of persistence of treatment with novel glucose-lowering medications revealed differences between drug classes, favoring dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs. sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.	Glucose	60-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
30145651-2	2018	Biguanides and DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are the most commonly used therapies in Japanese T2DM patients.	dpp-4i	33-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
30090931-2	2018	The risk of developing BP during treatment with new DPP-4 inhibitor agents like linagliptin is yet to be established.	Linagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
30249366-1	2018	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, and metformin in healthy Mexican male volunteers, and the differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of gemigliptin between Korean and Mexican healthy volunteers.	Metformin	161-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-132
30249366-1	2018	PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic interactions between a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, and metformin in healthy Mexican male volunteers, and the differences in the pharmacokinetic profile of gemigliptin between Korean and Mexican healthy volunteers.	LC15-0444	261-272	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-132
30325322-0	2018	Betaullous pemphigoid in patients with DPP-4 inhibitors at the onset of disease: does this differ from common bullous pemphigoid?	betaullous pemphigoid	0-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
30090931-11	2018	The association of DPP-4 inhibitor use with BP was independent of the use of metformin and was stronger among male (OR, 4.46; 95% CI, 2.11-9.40) than female (OR, 1.88; 95%, CI 0.92-3.86) patients and strongest in patients younger than 70 years (OR, 5.59; 95% CI, 1.73-18.01).	Metformin	77-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
31139534-2	2019	Therefore, we hypothesized that linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates oxidized stress and diabetic renal injury.	Linagliptin	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
29739605-7	2018	These results indicate the potential mechanism of blood glucose control by natto and novel roles of Lys-Leu and Leu-Arg as DPPIV inhibitors.	Lys-Leu	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
29739605-7	2018	These results indicate the potential mechanism of blood glucose control by natto and novel roles of Lys-Leu and Leu-Arg as DPPIV inhibitors.	leucylarginine	112-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
30246878-29	2018	SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists are probably efficacious for glucose-lowering and DPP-4 inhibitors may be efficacious for glucose-lowering.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
30249630-5	2018	We aim to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel, initial triple combination therapy with metformin, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (saxagliptin) compared with conventional stepwise add-on therapy in drug-naive patients with recent-onset type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	207-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-195
30345140-1	2018	Alogliptin benzoate, a member of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, is a recent drug developed by Takeda Pharmaceutical Company for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes; it potentiates the effect of incretin hormones through the inhibition of their degradation.	alogliptin	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
29409957-9	2018	Finally, DPP-4 inhibition augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, reduced apoptosis and improved ultrastructure in T2D beta cells.	Glucose	36-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
30208631-2	2018	This observational study compared the efficacy and safety of the standard basal-bolus insulin regimen versus a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) plus basal insulin in medicine department inpatients in real-world clinical practice.	Linagliptin	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-133
29783098-0	2018	Design and synthesis of aminocoumarin derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors and anticancer agents.	Aminocoumarins	24-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
29980024-4	2018	The present study assessed the degradation behaviour of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor anagliptin under different stress conditions as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2) followed by elucidation of the structure of degradation products.	anagliptin	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
29980024-4	2018	The present study assessed the degradation behaviour of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor anagliptin under different stress conditions as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2) followed by elucidation of the structure of degradation products.	anagliptin	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
29698678-5	2018	All of the tested individual citrus flavonoids demonstrated DPP-4 inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging from 485 muM (rutin) to 5700 muM (hesperitin and eriodictyol).	Flavonoids	36-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
29698678-9	2018	While our data demonstrated that citrus bioflavonoid based supplements do possess DPP-4 inhibitory activity, they are several orders of magnitude less potent than gliptins.	Flavonoids	40-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
30233191-7	2018	Initiation of therapy with SUs or DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a significantly higher risk of both treatment addition and switching than with metformin (HR 1.49 versus 1.47 for overall treatment adjustment, respectively).	Metformin	150-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
29783098-2	2018	Here we have reported design, synthesis and applications of aminocoumarin derivatives as DPP-IV inhibitors.	Aminocoumarins	60-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
29770541-1	2018	AIMS: To compare the effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) and a sulfonylurea (SU) on daily glucose fluctuation in drug-naive Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	108-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
29752167-7	2018	However, DPP-4 inhibitor administration for&lt;12 months was associated with a greater risk of composite DR events (adjusted HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.57) compared with other glucose-lowering agents over the same treatment period.	Glucose	174-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
29770541-1	2018	AIMS: To compare the effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) and a sulfonylurea (SU) on daily glucose fluctuation in drug-naive Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	108-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
29770541-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin has a greater ability to reduce daily glucose fluctuation than the SU glibenclamide in drug-naive Japanese patients with T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
29770541-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin has a greater ability to reduce daily glucose fluctuation than the SU glibenclamide in drug-naive Japanese patients with T2DM.	Glucose	107-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
29802958-4	2018	This review examines the differences between currently available sulfonylureas with a focus on how gliclazide modified release (MR) differs from other members of this class and from newer oral antihyperglycemic agents in the form of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) and sodium- glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Gliclazide	99-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	257-261
30104520-4	2018	The best conditions for in situ DPP-IV activity in Caco-2 cells were obtained using 2-day cells and 50 microM Gly-Pro-AMC.	Gly-Pro-AMC	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
30007720-3	2018	The opioids are generally resistant to hydrolyze by proteases, except the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, EC 3.4.14.5) enzyme, because of proline amino acid.	proline amino acid	138-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
30007720-4	2018	beta-casomorphin (BCM) from milk casein, gluteomorphin (GM) from wheat gluten, and soymorphin (SM) from the soybean beta-conglycinin beta-subunit are natural substrates of DPPIV because of their amino acid sequences and proline location.	Proline	220-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
30007720-8	2018	The results indicated that DPPIV enzyme hydrolyzed food-derived opioids (from 0.1 mM to 2 mM), BCM (33.42% for 2 mM), SM (83.81% for 2 mM), and GM (45.73% for 2 mM) in vitro.	gm	144-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29912623-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saxagliptin as one of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can effectively improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nesfatin-1 is regarded as a very important factor in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.	saxagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
29912623-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Saxagliptin as one of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors can effectively improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nesfatin-1 is regarded as a very important factor in regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis.	saxagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
30134935-14	2018	API effectively suppressed lung cancer progression by targeting the CD26-Akt-Snail/Slug signaling pathway.	Apigenin	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
30151063-3	2018	Linagliptin is the only bile-excreted, anti-diabetic oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
30151063-3	2018	Linagliptin is the only bile-excreted, anti-diabetic oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
30104520-6	2018	A lower IC50 (0.2 microM) was obtained for sitagliptin on human serum incubated with the substrate for 24 h. Both assays were applied to assess the activity of Lup1 (LTFPGSAED) and Soy1 (IAVPTGVA) on DPP-IV.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
30087386-7	2018	Further, post-operative DPP4-activity was negatively correlated with the extent of post-operative organ injury as measured by SAPS II and SOFA scoring, circulating levels of creatinine and lactate, as well as patients" stay on the ICU.	Creatinine	174-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
30355254-0	2018	Letter by Tampaki et al Regarding Article, "Cardiovascular Effects of New Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents: DPP-4 and SGLT-2 Inhibitors".	Glucose	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-109
30087386-7	2018	Further, post-operative DPP4-activity was negatively correlated with the extent of post-operative organ injury as measured by SAPS II and SOFA scoring, circulating levels of creatinine and lactate, as well as patients" stay on the ICU.	Lactic Acid	189-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
29803910-0	2018	Metabolites characterization of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, imigliptin in humans and rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with synapt high-resolution mass spectrometry.	imigliptin	57-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
29803910-1	2018	Imigliptin has been reported as a novel dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and is currently being tested in clinical trials.	imigliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
29803910-1	2018	Imigliptin has been reported as a novel dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and is currently being tested in clinical trials.	imigliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
29803910-2	2018	In the first human clinical study, imigliptin was well tolerated and proved to be a potent DPP-4 inhibitor.	imigliptin	35-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
30646124-3	2018	Objective: To identify which drug classes among sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones are associated with reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and lower risk of myocardial infarction, kidney disorders, and eye disorders in patients with T2D treated with metformin as a first-line therapy.	Metformin	298-307	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
30646124-13	2018	Patients treated with sulfonylureas compared with DPP-4 inhibitors had a small increased consensus hazard ratio of myocardial infarction (1.12; 95% CI, 1.02-1.24) and eye disorders (1.15; 95% CI, 1.11-1.19) in the meta-analysis.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	22-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
29652078-1	2018	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is approved for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
29803171-2	2018	Gemigliptin is a potent and a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, which has been clinically used as an oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
29803171-2	2018	Gemigliptin is a potent and a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, which has been clinically used as an oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
29275488-0	2018	The renoprotective effect and safety of a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, at a small dose in type 2 diabetic patients with a renal dysfunction when changed from other DPP-4 inhibitors: REAL trial.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
30049504-0	2018	Prescription of DPP-4 Inhibitors to Patients With Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Creatinine Clearance &gt;50 mL/min: The UK Primary Care Experience.	Creatinine	85-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
30049504-2	2018	Adopting a cross-sectional study design and using data from the UK General Practice, this study showed that at least 10% of patients with T2DM and a creatinine clearance level &gt;50 mL/min initiating treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor were prescribed a dose lower than specified in the Summary of Product Characteristics.	Creatinine	149-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	218-223
29573110-3	2018	Adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to an SGLT2 inhibitor could reduce HbA1c by -0.31%, FPG by -8.94 mg/dL, TC by -1.48% and triglycerides by -3.25%.	Technetium	97-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
29573110-3	2018	Adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to an SGLT2 inhibitor could reduce HbA1c by -0.31%, FPG by -8.94 mg/dL, TC by -1.48% and triglycerides by -3.25%.	Triglycerides	114-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
29645341-0	2018	Effects on the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia during DPP-4 inhibition in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, placebo-controlled study.	Glucagon	15-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
29645341-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Elderly subjects with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes have lower glucagon levels at 3.5 mmol/L glucose, but maintain the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia at 3.1 mmol/L during DPP-4 inhibition, which safeguards against hypoglycaemia and may contribute to decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia by DPP-4 inhibition in this age group.	Metformin	35-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	192-197
29645341-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Elderly subjects with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes have lower glucagon levels at 3.5 mmol/L glucose, but maintain the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia at 3.1 mmol/L during DPP-4 inhibition, which safeguards against hypoglycaemia and may contribute to decreasing the risk of hypoglycaemia by DPP-4 inhibition in this age group.	Metformin	35-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	311-316
29654643-0	2018	Is glucagon-like peptide-1 fully protected by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin when administered to patients with type 2 diabetes?	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
29654643-1	2018	AIM: To evaluate the relationship between plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity and its protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) using the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	169-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
29654643-1	2018	AIM: To evaluate the relationship between plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity and its protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) using the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	169-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
29654643-1	2018	AIM: To evaluate the relationship between plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) activity and its protection of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) using the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	169-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	153-158
29654643-3	2018	RESULTS: Plasma DPP-4 activity decreased compared to baseline (placebo) with increasing doses of sitagliptin (P &lt; .01), reaching a maximal inhibition with the 100 mg dose.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
29654643-5	2018	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the sitagliptin dose of 100 mg is sufficient to inhibit both plasma and membrane-bound DPP-4 activity, presumably also leading to complete protection of endogenous GLP-1 in patients with T2D.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	42-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
29808360-5	2018	RESULTS: SU treatment was associated with an elevated risk relative to treatment with metformin (METF), thiazolidinedione (TZD), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist classes, either when compared alone (as a monotherapy) or when used in combination with METF.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	2-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-151
29808360-5	2018	RESULTS: SU treatment was associated with an elevated risk relative to treatment with metformin (METF), thiazolidinedione (TZD), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist classes, either when compared alone (as a monotherapy) or when used in combination with METF.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	2-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-168
29858976-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) and sulfonylureas are popular second-line therapies for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there is a paucity of real-world studies comparing their effectiveness in routine clinical practice.	dpp4i	32-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
29936573-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: To assess the efficacy and safety profile of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in a population of self-identified Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
29949014-10	2018	CONCLUSION: In this indirect comparison to the DPP-4 inhibitors saxagliptin and sitagliptin, empagliflozin significantly lowered the risk of cardiovascular-related mortality, all-cause mortality and hospitalizations due to heart failure.	empagliflozin	93-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
29275488-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Switching to a small dose of sitagliptin according to the renal function in T2DM patients with renal dysfunction demonstrated the same efficacy and safety as those with other full-dose DPP-4 inhibitors, indicating a therapeutic option with a high cost performance.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-202
29850829-2	2018	Objective: Investigating DPP-4 levels in adolescents and their association with (1) circulating intact GLP-1 levels and glucose tolerance; (2) body mass index (BMI); and (3) visceral, subcutaneous, and liver fat compartments.	Glucose	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
31324088-0	2018	Teneligliptin: An Economic and Effective DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative Study.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
31324088-3	2018	Aim: Present study is designed with an aim to determine the effectiveness of cost-effective DPP-4 inhibitor, Teneligliptin, over the other agent of the same class.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	109-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
31324088-10	2018	Conclusions: Teneligliptin offered an efficient second line treatment for the management of type-2 Diabetes Mellitus at a reduced average price of INR 39 per day, when compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	13-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-191
29977423-1	2018	Background: Anagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor expected to improve the lipid profile as well as glycemic control.	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
29977423-1	2018	Background: Anagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor expected to improve the lipid profile as well as glycemic control.	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
29943442-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: In recent years, second-line diabetes treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) increased with a corresponding decrease in thiazolidinediones (TZDs).	Thiazolidinediones	150-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
30142816-0	2018	The efficacy and safety of once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systemic review and meta-analysis.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
29943442-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: In recent years, second-line diabetes treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) increased with a corresponding decrease in thiazolidinediones (TZDs).	Thiazolidinediones	170-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
30116740-2	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in both human and animal models.	Glucose	40-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
30800562-12	2019	Conclusions: Ipragliflozin was well tolerated, effective, and reduced bodyweight over a period of 52 weeks in patients treated with insulin with/without a DPP-4 inhibitor.	ipragliflozin	13-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
30116740-2	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in both human and animal models.	Glucose	40-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29581078-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to dual therapy with metformin plus sulfonylurea significantly reduced HbA1c and was well tolerated.	alogliptin	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
29773502-1	2018	A series of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives were designed and evaluated for in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic efficacy.	pyrimidinedione	18-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
29773502-4	2018	The structure-activity relationships of these pyrimidinedione derivatives had been discussed, which would be useful for developing novel DPP-4 inhibitors as treating type 2 diabetes.	pyrimidinedione	46-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
29773502-0	2018	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors.	pyrimidinedione	53-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29773502-1	2018	A series of novel pyrimidinedione derivatives were designed and evaluated for in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitory activity and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic efficacy.	pyrimidinedione	18-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-109
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	saxagliptin	109-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	Linagliptin	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	alogliptin	138-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29516618-6	2018	In cross-sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;=58 mmol/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c &gt;86 mol/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP-1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral or negative.	Metformin	52-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	373-378
29516618-6	2018	In cross-sectional analysis, greater prescribing of metformin and analogue insulin were associated with a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &lt;=58 mmol/mol; the use of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin was associated with a reduced proportion of patients with HbA1c &gt;86 mol/mol; otherwise associations for sulphonylureas, GLP-1 analogues, SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors were neutral or negative.	Metformin	202-211	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	373-378
29536608-2	2018	MATERIALS AND METHODS: From US Centricity Electronic Medical Records, 163 081 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 18 to 80 years, who had initiated metformin, intensified their treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), sulphonylureas (SUs), insulin or thiazolidinediones (TZDs), and continued second-line treatment for &gt;=6 months, were selected.	Metformin	147-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	191-213
29509281-1	2018	BACKGROUND: A fluorescent probe glutamylprolyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (EP-HMRG), which becomes fluorescent after cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), has been reported to be useful for the detection of esophageal cancer.	glutamylprolyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green	32-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-155
29498469-1	2018	AIMS: Previous studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibition lowers glucagon levels whereas sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibition increases them.	Glucagon	86-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-67
29498469-7	2018	CONCLUSION: Treatment with DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin results in 15% lower fasting and postprandial glucagon levels compared to SGLT-2 inhibition with dapagliflozin.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29498469-7	2018	CONCLUSION: Treatment with DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin results in 15% lower fasting and postprandial glucagon levels compared to SGLT-2 inhibition with dapagliflozin.	Glucagon	108-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29509281-1	2018	BACKGROUND: A fluorescent probe glutamylprolyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green (EP-HMRG), which becomes fluorescent after cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), has been reported to be useful for the detection of esophageal cancer.	glutamylprolyl hydroxymethyl rhodamine green	32-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-163
29682739-14	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DPP-4 inhibitor-induced BP may present either an inflammatory or a noninflammatory phenotype of BP.	Benzo(a)pyrene	51-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29682739-14	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Patients with DPP-4 inhibitor-induced BP may present either an inflammatory or a noninflammatory phenotype of BP.	Benzo(a)pyrene	123-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29682739-15	2018	IgG response against other BP180 regions different from the NC16A domain, such as LAD-1 and the C-terminal domain, could be pathogenically relevant to the onset of DPP-4 inhibitor-induced BP.	Benzo(a)pyrene	27-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
28950431-1	2018	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) might provide an additive or synergistic glucose-lowering effect, as they have a complementary mode of action.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
28950431-1	2018	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The combination of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) might provide an additive or synergistic glucose-lowering effect, as they have a complementary mode of action.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
29047219-4	2018	RESULTS: The glycated hemoglobin-lowering efficacy was significantly greater with DPP-4 inhibitor/insulin (DPP-4i/INS) than with placebo/insulin (weighted mean difference -0.53%, 95% confidence interval -0.63, -0.43, P &lt; 0.01).	dpp-4i	107-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
29926285-6	2018	In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonist, and DPP-4 inhibitors have demonstrated significant cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, renal, and mortality effects.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	51-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
29988467-1	2018	Background: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor possibly affects bone turnover.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
29882783-4	2018	This study describes the development of field template, field-based qualitative structure-activity relationship (SAR) model demonstrating DPP-4 inhibitors of natural origin, and the same model is used to screen virtually focused food database composed of polyphenols as potential DPP-4 inhibitors.	Polyphenols	255-266	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-285
29963014-0	2018	In Silico Approaches Applied to the Study of Peptide Analogs of Ile-Pro-Ile in Relation to Their Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Properties.	diprotin A	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-120
29963014-4	2018	Ile-Pro-Ile is the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide identified to date.	diprotin A	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Isoleucine	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Proline	127-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Isoleucine	131-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Phenylalanine	161-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Proline	165-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-6	2018	The DPP-IV half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 25 peptides evaluated ranged from 3.9 +- 1.0 microM (Ile-Pro-Ile) to 247.0 +- 32.7 microM (Phe-Pro-Phe).	Phenylalanine	169-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
29963014-7	2018	The presence of Pro at position 2 of tripeptides was required to achieve high DPP-IV inhibition.	tripeptides	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
29744822-0	2018	Study Protocol for the Initial Choice of DPP-4 Inhibitor in Japanese Patients with Type 2 diabetes Mellitus: Effect of Linagliptin on QOL (INTEL-QOL) Trial.	Linagliptin	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
29777520-3	2018	Teneligliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity for 24 h and suppresses postprandial hyperglycemia after all three daily meals.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
29655980-4	2018	Compound 4d, a novel TGR5 agonist, in combination with Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, has demonstrated an adequate GLP-1 secretion and glucose lowering effect in animal models, suggesting a potential clinical option in treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
29637459-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin is a novel oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
29715547-2	2018	Our previous study found that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, Anagliptin, suppresses intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury.	anagliptin	77-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
29696567-10	2018	The key patient characteristics driving the choice of DPP-4is or metformin as the first-line OAD by physicians were similar to those that influenced the treatment intensification decision (DPP-4is: PPG and renal function; metformin: age, BMI, insulin resistance, and renal function).	ppg	198-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-194
29807374-3	2018	Cardiovascular outcomes trails for the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors saxagliptin, alogliptin, and sitagliptin did not show statistically significant differences for major cardiovascular events between treatment and placebo groups.Therefore, for patients with established cardiovascular disease who do not achieve sufficient blood glucose control on metformin monotherapy GLP-1-receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors should be favoured for diabetes therapy intensification.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
29807374-4	2018	However, the use of DPP-4 inhibitors should be considered for patients who are in need of a well-tolerated and safe oral glucose-lowering therapy.	Glucose	121-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
28931178-0	2018	The Oral Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Increases Circulating Levels Of Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Alpha.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	42-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
29412907-5	2018	Bioactive peptides of BBPH produced by thermolysin showed better resistance to simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID), while the DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory properties were significantly reduced.	bbph	22-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
29412907-7	2018	LC-ESI-TOF-MS and in silico analysis showed the presence of potential peptides with both ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory properties in BBPH produced by thermolysin.	bbph	129-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
29715547-8	2018	Collectively, the DPP-4 inhibitor, Anagliptin, regulates SOD-1/RhoA/ JNK-mediated HUVECs migration.	anagliptin	35-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
29715547-2	2018	Our previous study found that the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, Anagliptin, suppresses intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury.	anagliptin	77-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
29274348-5	2018	DPP4is were associated with an increased risk for development of BP (adjusted odds ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.85; P = .02), with vildagliptin showing the highest adjusted odds ratio (3.57 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-11.84; P = .04]).	Vildagliptin	147-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29274348-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4is, especially vildagliptin, are associated with an increased risk for development of BP.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
29171139-0	2018	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
29199201-0	2018	Effects of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin on Glycemic Control and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (GLORIA Trial).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
29199201-3	2018	The current study investigated whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin ameliorates dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
29147952-0	2018	Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, exerts a synergistic cytotoxicity with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 in thyroid carcinoma cells.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
29525332-2	2018	Experimentally, DPP-4 inhibitors may augment the ability of glucagon-like peptide-1 to stimulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate in cardiomyocytes, and potentiation of the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1 by DPP-4 inhibitors may aggravate cardiac fibrosis.	Cyclic AMP	97-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
29525332-3	2018	These potentially deleterious actions of DPP-4 inhibitors might not become clinically apparent if these drugs were to promote sodium excretion.	Sodium	126-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
29171139-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To identify the dose of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Linagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
29171139-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To identify the dose of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Linagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
29171139-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Linagliptin was well tolerated and induced dose-dependent DPP-4 inhibition that was accompanied by corresponding reductions in HbA1c and FPG levels in young people with T2D.	Linagliptin	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
29609120-5	2018	Moreover, the glucose-lowering mechanisms and the active site of DPP-4 are also discussed.	Glucose	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
30322471-5	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are considered as second-line drugs (and as first-line drugs if metformin is contraindicated or poorly tolerated).	Metformin	98-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28665228-0	2018	Absorption, metabolism and excretion of [14C]omarigliptin, a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, in humans.	Carbon-14	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
28665228-0	2018	Absorption, metabolism and excretion of [14C]omarigliptin, a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, in humans.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
28665228-2	2018	Omarigliptin (MARIZEV ) is a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
28665228-2	2018	Omarigliptin (MARIZEV ) is a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	marizev	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
29773079-3	2018	Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) but early type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on a set of cardiovascular surrogate measurements.	Linagliptin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-91
29769203-10	2018	DPP-IV inhibition with alogliptin appears to be safe even in the high-risk period following an ACS.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
29748368-0	2018	Cardiovascular Effects of New Oral Glucose-Lowering Agents: DPP-4 and SGLT-2 Inhibitors.	Glucose	35-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
29748368-2	2018	Glucose-lowering agents that reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events would be considered a major advance, as recently reported with liraglutide and semaglutide, 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and with empagliflozin and canagliflozin, 2 SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2) inhibitors, but not with DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	327-332
29748368-2	2018	Glucose-lowering agents that reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events would be considered a major advance, as recently reported with liraglutide and semaglutide, 2 glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and with empagliflozin and canagliflozin, 2 SGLT-2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2) inhibitors, but not with DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	334-356
29609120-6	2018	We also discuss strategies and structure-activity relationships for identifying potent DPP-4 inhibitors, which will provide useful information for developing potent DPP-4 drugs as type 2 diabtes treatments.	diabtes	187-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
29609120-6	2018	We also discuss strategies and structure-activity relationships for identifying potent DPP-4 inhibitors, which will provide useful information for developing potent DPP-4 drugs as type 2 diabtes treatments.	diabtes	187-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
29724198-3	2018	This study investigated whether the addition of saxagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, to metformin, may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in addition to improving glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes patients.	saxagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
29780322-1	2018	Background: Teneligliptin is a 3rd-generation dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
29780322-1	2018	Background: Teneligliptin is a 3rd-generation dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
29264724-2	2018	The incretin-based therapy comprising GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have represented a major focus of pharmaceutical R&amp;D over the last decade.	Adenosine Monophosphate	126-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
28704854-6	2018	The DPP-4 inhibitor+-metformin group showed a greater HbA1c reduction than the metformin group (1.3+-1.4% vs. 0.9+-1.0%, p=0.022), with no significant differences between groups in hypoglycemic episodes.	Metformin	21-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
29851442-7	2018	Greater restrictions on DPP-4 inhibitors as a class were associated with small reductions in initiation of DPP-4 inhibitors and a concomitant increase in use of sulfonylureas, but neither effect was statistically significant.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	161-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29511780-1	2018	PURPOSE: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is reported to be more efficacious in Indian patients than non-Indian patient population.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-53
29359260-8	2018	DPP-4 inhibitors have a controversial effect: saxagliptin and alogliptin may increase the risk of HF as opposed to vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
29520964-9	2018	Indeed, a DPP4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, has been associated with a higher risk of HF hospitalization.	saxagliptin	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	saxagliptin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	saxagliptin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	alogliptin	157-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	alogliptin	157-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	229-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
29270818-6	2018	Clinical trials have demonstrated diverse effects of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on HF; saxagliptin showed an increased risk of HF admissions, alogliptin was associated with higher rates of new HF admissions, while sitagliptin had a neutral effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	229-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
29682682-3	2018	Unlike GLP-1R agonists, signaling for HF adverse effects was observed with two DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin and alogliptin.	saxagliptin	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
29289540-0	2018	A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing a DPP4 Inhibitor (Linagliptin) and Basal Insulin (Glargine) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Long-term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities: Linagliptin-LTC Trial.	Linagliptin	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
29289540-0	2018	A Randomized Controlled Study Comparing a DPP4 Inhibitor (Linagliptin) and Basal Insulin (Glargine) in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Long-term Care and Skilled Nursing Facilities: Linagliptin-LTC Trial.	Linagliptin	183-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
29289540-2	2018	DESIGN: This 6-month open-label randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of a DPP4 inhibitor (linagliptin) and basal insulin (glargine) in LTC residents with T2DM.	Linagliptin	114-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
29359260-8	2018	DPP-4 inhibitors have a controversial effect: saxagliptin and alogliptin may increase the risk of HF as opposed to vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	alogliptin	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
29359260-8	2018	DPP-4 inhibitors have a controversial effect: saxagliptin and alogliptin may increase the risk of HF as opposed to vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
29409972-4	2018	Notably, genetic ablation of DPP4 or treatment with a DPP4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) prevented HFD-induced HCC.	Vildagliptin	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
29524519-7	2018	Cell lines over-expressing SerpinB3 displayed upregulation of DPPIV/CD26, likely as a feedback mechanism, due to the DPPIV/CD26 protease activity inhibition by SerpinB3, as confirmed by the similar behavior induced by the inhibitor Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
29524519-7	2018	Cell lines over-expressing SerpinB3 displayed upregulation of DPPIV/CD26, likely as a feedback mechanism, due to the DPPIV/CD26 protease activity inhibition by SerpinB3, as confirmed by the similar behavior induced by the inhibitor Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
29524519-7	2018	Cell lines over-expressing SerpinB3 displayed upregulation of DPPIV/CD26, likely as a feedback mechanism, due to the DPPIV/CD26 protease activity inhibition by SerpinB3, as confirmed by the similar behavior induced by the inhibitor Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
29667921-6	2018	Newer glucose-lowering treatments include GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors.	Glucose	6-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
29667921-7	2018	Of these, only the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin can be used across all stages of renal impairment without dosing restrictions or concerns regarding dose escalation, and all SGLT2 inhibitors are contraindicated when eGFR &lt;45 mL/min/1.73m2.	Linagliptin	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
29740221-2	2018	This study has been designed to elucidate the histological improvement of NASH with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
29946505-1	2018	Sitagliptin is an anti-diabetic medication within the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor class used as a single agent or in combination therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
29946505-1	2018	Sitagliptin is an anti-diabetic medication within the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor class used as a single agent or in combination therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
29138226-1	2018	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor (DPP-4), sustains activity of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP and improves hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
29669555-6	2018	In this regard, linagliptin is a unique DPP-4 inhibitor with both CV and renal safety profiles.	Linagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
29138226-1	2018	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor (DPP-4), sustains activity of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP and improves hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
29676545-8	2018	The CSS was significantly related to the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R2=0.497, P&lt;0.001) and use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (R2=0.574, P=0.048).	thiocysteine	4-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-128
29072800-1	2018	The present study was a 4-week randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor, in persistent or recurring type 2 diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
29095568-6	2018	These results suggest that long-term treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors confers better durability of glycaemic response than treatment with SUs in patients with T2DM, which may indicate that DPP-4 inhibitors better preserve islet beta-cell function compared with SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	260-263	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
29095568-6	2018	These results suggest that long-term treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors confers better durability of glycaemic response than treatment with SUs in patients with T2DM, which may indicate that DPP-4 inhibitors better preserve islet beta-cell function compared with SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	260-263	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-193
29079379-0	2018	A randomized, double-blind trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in people with type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
29435909-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin, an antihyperglycemic agent belonging to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor class, is usually prescribed at a dose of 20 mg/day.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
29549573-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: In the SAVOR-TIMI trial, the risk of heart failure (HF) was increased by 27% in T2D patients randomized to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	166-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-147
29549573-7	2018	RESULTS: The rate of HF among the AE reports filed for DPP4is significantly increased after 2013q3, especially for saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	115-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
29549573-8	2018	When compared to non-insulin non-glitazone antidiabetic drugs, the proportional reporting ratio (PRR) of HF for DPP4is was 0.62 (95% CI 0.56-0.68) up to 2013q3 and 2.12 (95% CI 1.96-2.28) from 2013q4 to 2017q3.	Thiazolidinediones	33-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
29549573-10	2018	The rate of HF among AE reports for DPP4is was modestly moderated by the concomitant use of metformin (- 15%) and strongly moderated by the concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitors (- 63%), even after excluding competing AEs.	Metformin	92-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
29468916-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are generally considered as glucose-lowering agents with a safe profile in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
29468916-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) are generally considered as glucose-lowering agents with a safe profile in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
29436388-5	2018	METHODS AND RESULTS: Inhibition of DPP-4 not only potentiates the actions of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1; which can increase myocardial cAMP) but also potentiates the actions of SDF-1 (stromal cell-derived factor 1), NPY (neuropeptide Y), and substance P to activate the sympathetic nervous system and stimulate beta-adrenergic receptors to cause cardiomyocyte apoptosis, presumably through a CaMKII (Ca++/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) pathway.	Cyclic AMP	139-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
29579950-4	2018	In the presence of diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), the hydrolysis of YFCLT and GLLLPH decreased and their permeabilities increased significantly compared to control group (P&lt;0.05).	diprotin A	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
29579950-4	2018	In the presence of diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), the hydrolysis of YFCLT and GLLLPH decreased and their permeabilities increased significantly compared to control group (P&lt;0.05).	diprotin A	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
29580624-5	2018	All three DPP IV drugs tested reduced biofilm formation as determined by crystal violet staining.	Gentian Violet	73-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-16
29493228-5	2018	Encouraged by the advantages mentioned above, we successfully used GP-DM to evaluate endogenous DPP IV activity in various biological samples (plasma and tissue preparations) and living tumor cells and performed real-time in vivo bioimaging of DPP IV in zebrafish and tumor-bearing nude mice.	gp-dm	67-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
29463450-1	2018	Several new glucose-lowering medications have been approved, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), and sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.	Glucose	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
29540217-2	2018	The CARMELINA  trial aims to evaluate the effects of linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on both CV and kidney outcomes in a study population enriched for cardio-renal risk.	Linagliptin	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
29581705-3	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors exert unique pharmacologic actions via glucose-dependent mechanism and have an excellent tolerability profile with a very low risk of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29581705-4	2018	Furthermore, the literature reports that some dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors such as teneligliptin can be administered at the usual dose, regardless of a patient"s level of renal impairment.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
29146035-2	2018	The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of DPP-4is on renal outcomes by analyzing the experimental preclinical data, the effects of DPP-4is on urinary albumin-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) from observational studies and clinical trials, and renal events (including kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy) in recent large prospective cardiovascular outcome trials.	Creatinine	186-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
29146035-2	2018	The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of DPP-4is on renal outcomes by analyzing the experimental preclinical data, the effects of DPP-4is on urinary albumin-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) from observational studies and clinical trials, and renal events (including kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy) in recent large prospective cardiovascular outcome trials.	uacrs	205-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
29146035-2	2018	The present review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects of DPP-4is on renal outcomes by analyzing the experimental preclinical data, the effects of DPP-4is on urinary albumin-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) from observational studies and clinical trials, and renal events (including kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy) in recent large prospective cardiovascular outcome trials.	uacrs	205-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
29138876-6	2018	RESULTS: Individuals aged &gt;=65 years on metformin + pioglitazone had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with those on metformin + sulfonylurea (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.93), and a lower, but insignificant, risk of dementia compared with those on other metformin-based dual regimens (i.e. metformin + acarbose, metformin + meglitinide, metformin + insulin or metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors).	Metformin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	385-407
29138876-6	2018	RESULTS: Individuals aged &gt;=65 years on metformin + pioglitazone had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with those on metformin + sulfonylurea (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.34, 0.93), and a lower, but insignificant, risk of dementia compared with those on other metformin-based dual regimens (i.e. metformin + acarbose, metformin + meglitinide, metformin + insulin or metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors).	Pioglitazone	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	385-407
28520234-6	2018	Withdrawal of DPP-4 inhibitors was effective in improving BP, and achieved remission even in cases requiring oral steroid administration and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.	Steroids	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
28892258-7	2018	DPP-IV activity inhibition was achieved by sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
28892258-12	2018	DPP-IV inhibition by sitagliptin potentiated GSIS; this was mediated by locally-produced PYY, and not GLP-1.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
28892258-15	2018	CONCLUSION: Local regulation of pancreatic PYY, rather than GLP-1, by DPP-IV inhibition or RYGB can directly modulate the insulin secretory response to glucose, indicating a novel role of pancreatic PYY in diabetes and weight-loss surgery.	Glucose	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
28836351-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Trelagliptin, a novel once-weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown favorable efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.	trelagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
28836351-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Trelagliptin, a novel once-weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown favorable efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.	trelagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
28836351-2	2018	Trelagliptin was launched in Japan, and is expected to be initially used for switchover from a daily DPP-4 inhibitor in the clinical setting.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
28836351-3	2018	Thus, the present study was carried out to explore the efficacy and safety of trelagliptin after a daily DPP-4 inhibitor was switched to it.	trelagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
29396374-2	2018	We implemented this phase II study to test the hypothesis that vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is superior to placebo in terms of reducing the risk of postpartum diabetes.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
29223646-1	2018	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a relatively new class of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents, belonging to the incretin family, which are able to improve glycemic control with a favorable safety profile, since they are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia, no weight gain, and good tolerability in patients with chronic renal failure.	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29223646-1	2018	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a relatively new class of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents, belonging to the incretin family, which are able to improve glycemic control with a favorable safety profile, since they are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia, no weight gain, and good tolerability in patients with chronic renal failure.	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
29491123-5	2018	Of the globally marketed DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is of particular interest for diabetic nephropathy as it is the only compound that is not predominantly excreted in the urine.	Linagliptin	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
29491123-6	2018	Linagliptin is also the most potent DPP-4 inhibitor, has the highest affinity for this protein, and has the largest volume of distribution; these properties allow linagliptin to penetrate kidney tissue and tightly bind resident DPP-4.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
29491123-6	2018	Linagliptin is also the most potent DPP-4 inhibitor, has the highest affinity for this protein, and has the largest volume of distribution; these properties allow linagliptin to penetrate kidney tissue and tightly bind resident DPP-4.	Linagliptin	163-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
29491123-8	2018	At the molecular level, linagliptin prevented the pro-fibrotic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by disrupting the interaction between membrane-bound DPP-4 and integrin beta1 that enhances signaling by transforming growth factor-beta1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1.	Linagliptin	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
29491123-6	2018	Linagliptin is also the most potent DPP-4 inhibitor, has the highest affinity for this protein, and has the largest volume of distribution; these properties allow linagliptin to penetrate kidney tissue and tightly bind resident DPP-4.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
29491123-11	2018	CARMELINA  is the only clinical trial of a DPP-4 inhibitor powered to evaluate kidney outcomes.	carmelina	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
29478970-3	2018	We tested the hypothesis that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with sitagliptin increases stimulated GH secretion, vasodilation, and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
29093280-11	2018	Switching from daily DPP-4 inhibitors to a weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, trelagliptin, could partially improve treatment satisfaction levels in patients with type 2 diabetes without affecting glycemic control.	trelagliptin	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	alpha,beta-diacryloxypropionic acid	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	alpha,beta-diacryloxypropionic acid	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Peptides	83-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Peptides	83-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Peptides	83-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Proline	97-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Proline	97-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Proline	97-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29426867-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP4, or DAP IV) preferentially cleaves substrate peptides with Pro or Ala at the P1 position.	Alanine	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
29426867-3	2018	Here, we report the crystal structures of a bacterial DPP IV (PmDAP IV) in its free form and in complexes with two kinds of dipeptides as well as with a non-peptidyl inhibitor at 1.90 to 2.47 A resolution.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-60
29402270-2	2018	This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on the longitudinal change in GSM, an index of the tissue characteristics of the carotid wall, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
29382749-2	2018	While the DPP family member DPP4 is extensively characterized in molecular terms as a validated therapeutic target of type II diabetes, experimental 3D structures and ligand-/substrate-binding modes of DPP8 and DPP9 have not been reported.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	10-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
29264712-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a highly selective, potent, and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
29391064-10	2018	RESULTS: The discounted incremental cost of metformin+DPP-4i compared to metformin+SU was $11,849 and the incremental life-years gained were 0.61, resulting in an ICER of $19,420 per life-year gained for patients in the metformin+DPP-4i treatment pathway.	Metformin	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
29391064-10	2018	RESULTS: The discounted incremental cost of metformin+DPP-4i compared to metformin+SU was $11,849 and the incremental life-years gained were 0.61, resulting in an ICER of $19,420 per life-year gained for patients in the metformin+DPP-4i treatment pathway.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	2-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
29264712-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a highly selective, potent, and orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
29330812-2	2018	The present study evaluated the effect of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on the longitudinal change in GSM, an index of the tissue characteristics of the carotid wall, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	alogliptin	42-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
29330813-8	2018	RESULTS: Patients with T2DM who initiated treatment with sitagliptin tended to be older and were more likely to have a pre-treatment history of arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, and stroke than those initiating non-DPP-4i OAHAs, with the most pronounced differences observed between patients initiating monotherapy in all three age groups.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	263-268
29364588-7	2018	Thus, it has become a parent compound of incretin-based glucose-lowering medications (GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 or DPP-4).	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-150
29285650-0	2018	Synergistic cytotoxicity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin with metformin in thyroid carcinoma cells.	LC15-0444	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-55
29285650-0	2018	Synergistic cytotoxicity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin with metformin in thyroid carcinoma cells.	Metformin	83-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-55
29334906-2	2018	Linagliptin is a glucose-lowering agent of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor class that is of particular interest for the prevention of accelerated cognitive decline, because it may potentially benefit the brain through pleiotropic effects, beyond glucose lowering.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
28786530-2	2018	We examined the efficacy and safety of teneligliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) added to canagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) monotherapy in Japanese patients with poorly controlled T2DM as part of the development of a fixed-dose combination of teneligliptin and canagliflozin.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	39-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
29224965-5	2018	Hence, consecutive conversion of Abeta(1-40/42) by DPPIV and QC can be assumed as a potential mechanism of formation of non-degrading pyroglutamated pE-Abeta(3-40/42), which might accumulate and contribute to AD progression.	UNII-042A8N37WH	33-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
29224965-5	2018	Hence, consecutive conversion of Abeta(1-40/42) by DPPIV and QC can be assumed as a potential mechanism of formation of non-degrading pyroglutamated pE-Abeta(3-40/42), which might accumulate and contribute to AD progression.	-abeta	151-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
29334906-2	2018	Linagliptin is a glucose-lowering agent of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor class that is of particular interest for the prevention of accelerated cognitive decline, because it may potentially benefit the brain through pleiotropic effects, beyond glucose lowering.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
30603364-2	2018	A rapid-acting insulin secretagog, nateglinide, and a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, meet such criteria.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	95-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
29301579-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are unclear.	Linagliptin	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
29521244-0	2018	Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Docking Studies of Sulfamoyl- Phenyl Acid Esters as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors.	sulfamoyl- phenyl acid esters	62-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
28884600-0	2018	Dapagliflozin/Saxagliptin Fixed-Dose Tablets: A New Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Combination for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.	dapagliflozin	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-109
29246708-1	2018	Members of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drug class are indicated for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and all, except linagliptin, require dose adjustment in renal impairment.	Linagliptin	152-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
29521244-2	2018	OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, gliptins, are a new class of antidiabetic agents that potentiate the action of incretins in decreasing the blood glucose levels.	Glucose	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
30378495-6	2018	On the one hand, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which can metabolize RANTES on the cell surface, was expressed on non-invading EVT and was demonstrated to suppress EVT invasion.	EVT	129-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
30378495-6	2018	On the one hand, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which can metabolize RANTES on the cell surface, was expressed on non-invading EVT and was demonstrated to suppress EVT invasion.	EVT	129-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
30378495-6	2018	On the one hand, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which can metabolize RANTES on the cell surface, was expressed on non-invading EVT and was demonstrated to suppress EVT invasion.	EVT	166-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
30378495-6	2018	On the one hand, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which can metabolize RANTES on the cell surface, was expressed on non-invading EVT and was demonstrated to suppress EVT invasion.	EVT	166-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
28640433-1	2018	This study investigates changes in A1C following a switch from dual therapy of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitor to a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor following the introduction of the FDC in the provincial formulary.	2'-Deoxy-2'-fluorocytidine	138-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
29521244-2	2018	OBJECTIVE: Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, gliptins, are a new class of antidiabetic agents that potentiate the action of incretins in decreasing the blood glucose levels.	Glucose	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
29208515-9	2018	These findings suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin may be effective for treating post-gastrectomy late dumping syndrome.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
29144805-0	2018	DPP4 INHIBITOR SITAGLIPTIN AS A POTENTIAL TREATMENT OPTION IN METFORMIN-INTOLERANT OBESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: A PILOT RANDOMIZED STUDY.	Metformin	62-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29144805-3	2018	The present study evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin as a potential treatment option in metformin-intolerant PCOS.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
29144805-3	2018	The present study evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin as a potential treatment option in metformin-intolerant PCOS.	Metformin	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
29066384-1	2018	Trelagliptin succinate is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used as a new long-acting drug for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).	trelagliptin	0-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
29122893-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: The cardiovascular safety of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments is not well understood.	saxagliptin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
29066384-1	2018	Trelagliptin succinate is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor which is used as a new long-acting drug for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).	trelagliptin	0-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
28296349-5	2018	RESULTS: The DPP-4 inhibitor group scored highest in the OHA-Q total and all subscale scores at week 4.	oha-q	57-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
29241374-4	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) improve glucose metabolism by blocking the enzyme that degrades incretins leading to increased insulin secretion.	Glucose	51-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28418203-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
28418203-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Metformin	103-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
28418203-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Thiazolidinediones	114-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
28418203-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
29731503-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The antidiabetic drug teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a thiazolidine-specific structure.	Thiazolidines	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
29032139-1	2018	OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
29731503-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The antidiabetic drug teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a thiazolidine-specific structure.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	34-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
29731503-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The antidiabetic drug teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a thiazolidine-specific structure.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	34-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
29731503-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The antidiabetic drug teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a thiazolidine-specific structure.	Thiazolidines	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
29170542-0	2018	Diabetes: Metformin - a cardiovascular moderator of DPP4 inhibitors?	Metformin	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
29451201-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease best known for its role in inactivating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), three stimulators of pancreatic insulin secretion with beneficial effects on glucose disposal.	Glucose	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29451201-1	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease best known for its role in inactivating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), three stimulators of pancreatic insulin secretion with beneficial effects on glucose disposal.	Glucose	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
29451201-5	2018	Finally, we will illustrate some of the promising results obtained using berberine, a plant extract with potent inhibitory activity on DPP-IV.	Berberine	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-141
29061303-0	2017	Unique binding mode of Evogliptin with human dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
30270278-0	2018	[The Beneficial Effects of Switching from Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors to Dulaglutide on Plasma Glucose and Hemoglobin A1c Levels: A Case Report of Four Patients with Type 2 Diabetes].	Glucose	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
30270278-4	2018	All four patients with hyperglycemia who switched from DPP-4 inhibitors to dulaglutide demonstrated noticeable decreased plasma glucose levels on the next day after switching.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
29061303-1	2017	Evogliptin ((R)-4-((R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl) piperazine-2-one)) is a highly potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Korea.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-172
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
29061303-1	2017	Evogliptin ((R)-4-((R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl) piperazine-2-one)) is a highly potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Korea.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-178
29326589-10	2017	Altogether, our data demonstrated that (1) an increased number of circulating CD8/CD26 T cells is associated with preservation of muscle strength in DMD subjects, and (2) CD8/CD26 T cells from DMD subjects mediated degradation of adenosine by adenosine deaminase.	Adenosine	230-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
29061303-1	2017	Evogliptin ((R)-4-((R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl) piperazine-2-one)) is a highly potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Korea.	(r)-4-((r)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3	12-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-172
29061303-1	2017	Evogliptin ((R)-4-((R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl) piperazine-2-one)) is a highly potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) that was approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in South Korea.	(r)-4-((r)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3	12-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-178
29061303-2	2017	In this study, we report the crystal structures of Evogliptin, DA-12166, and DA-12228 (S,R diastereomer of Evogliptin) complexed to human DPP4.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	51-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
29061303-2	2017	In this study, we report the crystal structures of Evogliptin, DA-12166, and DA-12228 (S,R diastereomer of Evogliptin) complexed to human DPP4.	amsonic acid	63-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
29061303-2	2017	In this study, we report the crystal structures of Evogliptin, DA-12166, and DA-12228 (S,R diastereomer of Evogliptin) complexed to human DPP4.	amsonic acid	77-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
29061303-2	2017	In this study, we report the crystal structures of Evogliptin, DA-12166, and DA-12228 (S,R diastereomer of Evogliptin) complexed to human DPP4.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	107-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
29403571-5	2017	Sitagliptin-a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor-was in tier 3 in Plans A and B and in tier 2 in Plan C during the study period.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-42
29564006-2	2017	Their fluorescence performances were evaluated by converting 2,4-disubstituted aniline 1 to the non-fluorescent dipeptide analogue H-Gly-Pro-1 for the use as a fluorogenic substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	2,4-disubstituted aniline	61-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-208
29564006-2	2017	Their fluorescence performances were evaluated by converting 2,4-disubstituted aniline 1 to the non-fluorescent dipeptide analogue H-Gly-Pro-1 for the use as a fluorogenic substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	2,4-disubstituted aniline	61-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-215
29564006-2	2017	Their fluorescence performances were evaluated by converting 2,4-disubstituted aniline 1 to the non-fluorescent dipeptide analogue H-Gly-Pro-1 for the use as a fluorogenic substrate for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Dipeptides	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-208
28859968-0	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 independent cardiac dysfunction links saxagliptin to heart failure.	saxagliptin	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28799235-6	2017	DPP4 activity was measured by the conversion of the DPP4 substrate Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide hydrochloride and DPP4 concentration with a commercial ELISA.	GP-pNA, Chromogenic Substrate	67-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
28859968-3	2017	We found that the primary target of saxagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, is absent in cardiomyocytes, yet saxagliptin internalized into cardiomyocytes and impaired cardiac contractility via inhibition of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-phospholamban-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a axis and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger function in Ca2+ extrusion.	saxagliptin	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
28799235-6	2017	DPP4 activity was measured by the conversion of the DPP4 substrate Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide hydrochloride and DPP4 concentration with a commercial ELISA.	GP-pNA, Chromogenic Substrate	67-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
28799235-6	2017	DPP4 activity was measured by the conversion of the DPP4 substrate Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide hydrochloride and DPP4 concentration with a commercial ELISA.	GP-pNA, Chromogenic Substrate	67-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
29051159-0	2017	Metformin Use May Moderate the Effect of DPP-4 Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Outcomes.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
28701284-12	2017	CONCLUSION: The most cost-effective DPP-4 Inhibitor was sitagliptin with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
28701284-12	2017	CONCLUSION: The most cost-effective DPP-4 Inhibitor was sitagliptin with metformin.	Metformin	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
29051159-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: To explore prevalent metformin use as a potential moderator of the cardiovascular effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i).	Metformin	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
28983844-5	2017	This review will focus on vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor with a large body of evidence in patients with moderate to severe renal failure and a good clinical profile in terms of efficacy and safety.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
29076039-4	2017	This study has been proposed to assess the reduction in treatment burden during 12 weeks" administration of trelagliptin, a weekly dosing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, compared with a daily dosing DPP-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes.	trelagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-160
28448688-1	2017	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	45-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
29076039-4	2017	This study has been proposed to assess the reduction in treatment burden during 12 weeks" administration of trelagliptin, a weekly dosing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, compared with a daily dosing DPP-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes.	trelagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-167
28984487-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, DPP-4i) and dapagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitor, SGLT2i) improve glucose control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) through different potentially complementary mechanisms, thus offering the opportunity for a combined therapy.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
29045658-9	2017	However, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin did not affect breast cancer cell proliferation.	Linagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
29172693-0	2017	Ephedrine as a lead compound for the development of new DPP-IV inhibitors.	Ephedrine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
28575541-8	2017	This reduction was mainly related to DPP-4 inhibitors, whose use as add-on/switch NIGLDs was roughly halved between 2010 and 2013.	niglds	82-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
29172693-2	2017	A previous in silico study predicted that ephedrine and five ephedrine derivatives could contribute to the described antidiabetic effect of Ephedra extracts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Ephedrine	42-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-194
29172693-2	2017	A previous in silico study predicted that ephedrine and five ephedrine derivatives could contribute to the described antidiabetic effect of Ephedra extracts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Ephedrine	42-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-202
29172693-2	2017	A previous in silico study predicted that ephedrine and five ephedrine derivatives could contribute to the described antidiabetic effect of Ephedra extracts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Ephedrine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-194
29172693-2	2017	A previous in silico study predicted that ephedrine and five ephedrine derivatives could contribute to the described antidiabetic effect of Ephedra extracts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Ephedrine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-202
29172693-4	2017	Therefore, the main aim of this work is to experimentally determine whether these alkaloids are DPP-IV inhibitors.	Alkaloids	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
29172693-5	2017	Materials &amp; methods: The DPP-IV inhibition of Ephedra"s alkaloids was determined via a competitive-binding assay.	Adenosine Monophosphate	11-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
29172693-5	2017	Materials &amp; methods: The DPP-IV inhibition of Ephedra"s alkaloids was determined via a competitive-binding assay.	Alkaloids	60-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
29172693-7	2017	RESULTS: Our results show that all six molecules are DPP-IV inhibitors, with IC50 ranging from 124 muM for ephedrine to 28 mM for N-methylpseudoephedrine.	Ephedrine	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
29172693-7	2017	RESULTS: Our results show that all six molecules are DPP-IV inhibitors, with IC50 ranging from 124 muM for ephedrine to 28 mM for N-methylpseudoephedrine.	N-Methylpseudoephedrine	130-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
29172693-8	2017	CONCLUSION: Further computational analysis shows how Ephedra"s alkaloids could be used as promising lead molecules for designing more potent and selective DPP-IV inhibitors.	Alkaloids	63-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-161
28608024-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for glucose control and vascular protection.	Glucose	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
29507662-3	2018	Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that prevents oxidative stress, apoptosis and the metabolic memory effect.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
28806472-1	2017	WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Evogliptin (DA-1229), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor with high potency and selectivity, was approved in Korea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	29-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-87
28806472-1	2017	WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Evogliptin (DA-1229), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor with high potency and selectivity, was approved in Korea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	41-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-87
29064743-0	2017	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Prevented Weight Regain in Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Previously Treated with Liraglutide: A Pilot Randomized Study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29064743-3	2017	We evaluated whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin in adjunct to metformin prevents body weight regain more effectively than metformin alone in obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) previously treated with liraglutide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
29507662-3	2018	Teneligliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that prevents oxidative stress, apoptosis and the metabolic memory effect.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
29507662-7	2018	DPP-4 was upregulated under hyperglycemic conditions, but Teneligliptin reduced DPP-4 expression and activity.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	58-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
29507662-10	2018	Thus, long-term Teneligliptin treatment reduced DPP-4 levels and activity in HUVECs exposed to chronic hyperglycemia.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
29156154-7	2017	The study revealed that lauric acid (LA) interacts with AR and DPP-IV of polyol pathway and inhibits the activity of these enzymes.	lauric acid	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
29238240-2	2017	Assessing whether DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) use might affect asthma control is clinically important because DPP-4i use in type 2 diabetes mellitus management (T2DM) is increasing.	dpp-4i	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
29238240-2	2017	Assessing whether DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i) use might affect asthma control is clinically important because DPP-4i use in type 2 diabetes mellitus management (T2DM) is increasing.	dpp-4i	107-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
29299152-0	2017	High-dose sitagliptin for systemic inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 to enhance engraftment of single cord umbilical cord blood transplantation.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-70
29299152-2	2017	We previously showed that inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 using sitagliptin 600 mg daily was safe with encouraging results on engraftment, but inhibition was not sustained.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-67
29299152-9	2017	Compared to patients previously treated with 600 mg/day, sitagliptin 600 mg every 12 hours appeared to improve engraftment, supporting the hypothesis that more sustained DPP-4 inhibition is required.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-175
30815542-2	2018	Linagliptin, a recently marketed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is the only agent in the U.S. that does not require dose adjustment in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and renal impairment.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
29299152-10	2017	In-vivo inhibition of DPP-4 using high-dose sitagliptin compares favorably with other approaches to enhance UCB engraftment with greater simplicity, and may show synergy in combination with other strategies.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
30815542-2	2018	Linagliptin, a recently marketed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is the only agent in the U.S. that does not require dose adjustment in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and renal impairment.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
29696037-6	2018	Metformin is the most widely used drug, together with sodium-glucose co-transporters 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, amylin analogues, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
29110647-0	2017	A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by glimepiride and metformin.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	118-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
29110647-2	2017	Omarigliptin is a once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
29188065-8	2017	Conclusion: Non-obese Asian Indian patients with T2DM and on metformin therapy have significantly higher circulating plasma DPP4 levels as compared to non-obese non-diabetic controls, and these levels correlate with fasting insulin and LDL-C levels, upper limb subcutaneous adipose tissue, intra-abdominal adiposity and presence of diabetes.	Metformin	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
28449368-0	2017	A randomized, placebo- and sitagliptin-controlled trial of the safety and efficacy of omarigliptin, a once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	86-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-136
29115211-9	2017	Using the platform, we validated a new method for the measurement of oxyntomodulin, and in a series of in vitro, ex vivo, and clinical studies, we demonstrated that oxyntomodulin is co-distributed and co-secreted in response to glucose with GLP-1 and is degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase 4.	Glucose	228-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	266-288
27752788-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: According to the WHO threshold applied to the country and year of each study, DPP-4 inhibitors were highly cost-effective as second-line, as add-ons to metformin, in comparison with sulfonylureas.	Metformin	165-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
28323503-0	2017	Add on DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin alone or in combination with pioglitazone improved beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in metformin treated PCOS.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
28323503-2	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR.	alogliptin	86-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
28323503-2	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR.	alogliptin	86-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
28323503-2	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR.	alogliptin	98-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
28323503-2	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR.	alogliptin	98-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
28323503-2	2017	The aim of the study was to evaluate whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin (ALO) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (PIO) improves beta-cell function along with insulin resistance (IR) in metformin (MET) treated obese women with PCOS with persistent IR.	Metformin	217-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
28815568-2	2017	Sex-specific differences of dipeptidyl peptidase-four (DPP-4) inhibitor effects on hepatic (HCL) and myocardial fat content (MYCL) have not yet been evaluated.	Hydrochloric Acid	92-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
28815568-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: 6 months of DPP-4-therapy led to a significant overall decrease in HCL and body weight such as a reduction of MYCL only in women.	Hydrochloric Acid	80-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
28551257-4	2017	The result shows that A values considering the number of Xaa-proline+Xaa-alanine exhibited a strong correlation with in vitro DPP-IV inhibition rates by Pearson"s correlation analysis (r=0.6993; P&lt;0.05).	xaa-proline	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
28551257-4	2017	The result shows that A values considering the number of Xaa-proline+Xaa-alanine exhibited a strong correlation with in vitro DPP-IV inhibition rates by Pearson"s correlation analysis (r=0.6993; P&lt;0.05).	xaa-alanine	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
28829213-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Trelagliptin is a novel, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in japan.	trelagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-73
28771933-9	2017	Our concomitancy analysis showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have overtaken sulfonylureas since 2014 as the most common add-on to metformin.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	70-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
28829213-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Trelagliptin is a novel, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in japan.	trelagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
28829213-7	2017	An advantage of trelagliptin over existing once-daily DPP-4 inhibitors is the decrease of dosing frequency, rather than once-daily.	trelagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
28771933-9	2017	Our concomitancy analysis showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have overtaken sulfonylureas since 2014 as the most common add-on to metformin.	Metformin	124-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
28547998-0	2017	A randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
29061580-0	2017	Letter by Koh Regarding Article, "Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Induces Aortic Valve Calcification by Inhibiting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling in Valvular Interstitial Cells".	potassium hydroxide	10-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
28923291-13	2017	IMPLICATIONS: The use of prohibited metformin in a trial of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin, introduced a confounding factor that invalidated the results of the trial.	Metformin	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
28923291-13	2017	IMPLICATIONS: The use of prohibited metformin in a trial of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin, introduced a confounding factor that invalidated the results of the trial.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
28371205-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: This 16-week double-blind study indicated that, in patients with T2DM whose HbA1c levels were poorly controlled with insulin monotherapy or insulin plus a DPP-4 inhibitor, addition of tofogliflozin was an effective treatment option with an acceptable safety profile.	6-((4-ethylphenyl)methyl)-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-6'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),2'-(2H)pyran)-3',4',5'-triol	197-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
28432754-1	2017	AIMS: To re-analyse data from a previous retrospective study on 127 555 patients, in which we showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) than sulphonylurea (SU) therapy, in order to evaluate intraclass differences among DPP-4 inhibitors and SUs.	3,7-dihydroxyflavone	215-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-128
28432754-1	2017	AIMS: To re-analyse data from a previous retrospective study on 127 555 patients, in which we showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) than sulphonylurea (SU) therapy, in order to evaluate intraclass differences among DPP-4 inhibitors and SUs.	3,7-dihydroxyflavone	215-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
28432754-1	2017	AIMS: To re-analyse data from a previous retrospective study on 127 555 patients, in which we showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) than sulphonylurea (SU) therapy, in order to evaluate intraclass differences among DPP-4 inhibitors and SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	225-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
28432754-1	2017	AIMS: To re-analyse data from a previous retrospective study on 127 555 patients, in which we showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) than sulphonylurea (SU) therapy, in order to evaluate intraclass differences among DPP-4 inhibitors and SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	240-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-128
28432754-1	2017	AIMS: To re-analyse data from a previous retrospective study on 127 555 patients, in which we showed that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor therapy was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for HF (HHF) than sulphonylurea (SU) therapy, in order to evaluate intraclass differences among DPP-4 inhibitors and SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	240-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
28929327-0	2017	Possible Long-Term Efficacy of Sitagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, for Slowly Progressive Type 1 Diabetes (SPIDDM) in the Stage of Non-Insulin-Dependency: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial (SPAN-S).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
28929327-7	2017	CONCLUSION: The present pilot trial suggests that treatment of SPIDDM/LADA by sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, may be more effective in preserving the beta-cell function than insulin treatment for at least 4 years, possibly through the immune modulatory effects of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
28929327-7	2017	CONCLUSION: The present pilot trial suggests that treatment of SPIDDM/LADA by sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, may be more effective in preserving the beta-cell function than insulin treatment for at least 4 years, possibly through the immune modulatory effects of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	264-269
28933039-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, but the dose-dependent effect relationship between DPP-4 inhibitors and atherosclerosis has not been investigated.	Blood Glucose	63-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
28933039-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner, but the dose-dependent effect relationship between DPP-4 inhibitors and atherosclerosis has not been investigated.	Blood Glucose	63-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
28948519-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin is a potent, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 that is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
28547998-2	2017	dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28548024-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding the once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin or the sulfonylurea glimepiride to the treatment regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and inadequate glycemic control on metformin monotherapy.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	89-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
28883229-0	2017	Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of the Weekly DPP-4 Inhibitors Trelagliptin and Omarigliptin in 80 Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	trelagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
29042993-2	2017	Sitagliptin (SIT), which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, exhibited a modest beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin levels and is capable of ameliorating renal ischemia reperfusion injury.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
28883229-0	2017	Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction of the Weekly DPP-4 Inhibitors Trelagliptin and Omarigliptin in 80 Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
28883229-1	2017	Objective We investigated the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction of once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is).	dpp-4is	106-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
28883231-4	2017	In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors in patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).	Glucose	147-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-72
28883231-4	2017	In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors in patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).	cgm	167-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-72
28883231-7	2017	After starting DPP-4 inhibitors, the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the glucose level, and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) were significantly improved in comparison to baseline.	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
28883231-9	2017	The results indicate that the treatment of patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes using DPP-4 inhibitors can minimize the risk of hypoglycemia and reduce glucose variability.	Glucose	161-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
28883231-10	2017	Conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors are potentially useful for blood glucose control in patients with glucocorticoid-induced diabetes.	Glucose	61-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
27887857-10	2017	In vitro studies demonstrated that the inhibition of DPP-4 promoted PMA-induced monocytic cells differentiation, with increased CD68 and p21 expression, regulated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 activation.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	68-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
28921919-2	2017	We explored the initial combination of metformin and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Asia with marked hyperglycemia.	Linagliptin	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-90
28982310-0	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with NVP-AUY922 has a cytotoxic activity in thyroid carcinoma cells.	LC15-0444	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
28982310-1	2017	The effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 (AUY922) on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was elucidated.	LC15-0444	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
28916770-0	2017	Changes in CD73, CD39 and CD26 expression on T-lymphocytes of ANCA-associated vasculitis patients suggest impairment in adenosine generation and turn-over.	Adenosine	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
28916770-2	2017	Adenosine concentrations are furthermore influenced by adenosine deaminase binding protein CD26.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
28402172-3	2017	The aim of this work was the obtainment of affinity matrices by the covalent immobilization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and papain onto cellulose membranes, previously activated with formyl (FCM) or glyoxyl groups (GCM).	Cellulose	144-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
28824076-0	2017	Bullous Pemphigoid Associated with the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis Complicated with Rapidly Progressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
28824076-3	2017	He had begun receiving sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, for diabetes mellitus three years before the hospitalization.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
28824076-3	2017	He had begun receiving sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, for diabetes mellitus three years before the hospitalization.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
28402172-3	2017	The aim of this work was the obtainment of affinity matrices by the covalent immobilization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and papain onto cellulose membranes, previously activated with formyl (FCM) or glyoxyl groups (GCM).	Cellulose	144-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-126
28402172-3	2017	The aim of this work was the obtainment of affinity matrices by the covalent immobilization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and papain onto cellulose membranes, previously activated with formyl (FCM) or glyoxyl groups (GCM).	Fosfomycin	199-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
28402172-3	2017	The aim of this work was the obtainment of affinity matrices by the covalent immobilization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and papain onto cellulose membranes, previously activated with formyl (FCM) or glyoxyl groups (GCM).	Fosfomycin	199-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-126
28503751-1	2017	To date, little is known about the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of evogliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
28893244-0	2017	A randomized, placebo-controlled study of the cardiovascular safety of the once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	103-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
28819835-2	2017	In this multiethnic analysis of data from phase 3 trials, we investigated the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in Asians stratified by these subphenotypes.	Linagliptin	138-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
28899989-9	2017	The hazard ratios (HRs) of hospitalization for HF for DPP-4i-treated patients were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.86) in all of the patients, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.79) in patients with baseline cardiovascular disease, and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56-0.90) in patients without baseline cardiovascular disease compared with HRs for sulfonylurea-treated patients.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	332-344	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
28288852-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: Soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) is a novel adipokine that degrades glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1).	sdpp4	26-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
28827024-9	2017	IMPLICATIONS: The network meta-analysis found that compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, metformin, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors are associated with a lower incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events.	Metformin	108-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-174
28771387-6	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated significant improvements in measures such as the mean amplitude of glucose excursions and standard deviation of CGM.	cgm	254-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
31089516-1	2017	Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an aminopeptidase that inhibits the enzymatic degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides, neuropeptides, and various chemokines.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
28880474-1	2017	Insulin secretagogues including sulfonylureas, glinides and incretin-related drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	32-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
28880474-1	2017	Insulin secretagogues including sulfonylureas, glinides and incretin-related drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	32-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
28711271-6	2017	The novel peptides Asn-Leu-Glu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Arg and Thr-Gln-Met-Val-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ile-Met-Glu-Lys-Phe-Arg, which corresponded to beta-lactoglobulin 1 f(71-77) and beta-lactoglobulin 1 f(143-155), demonstrated DPP-IV inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 86.34 and 69.84 muM, respectively.	Thr-Gln	51-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-212
28711271-6	2017	The novel peptides Asn-Leu-Glu-Ile-Ile-Leu-Arg and Thr-Gln-Met-Val-Asp-Glu-Glu-Ile-Met-Glu-Lys-Phe-Arg, which corresponded to beta-lactoglobulin 1 f(71-77) and beta-lactoglobulin 1 f(143-155), demonstrated DPP-IV inhibitory activity with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 86.34 and 69.84 muM, respectively.	Phenylalanine	95-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-212
31089516-1	2017	Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an aminopeptidase that inhibits the enzymatic degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptides, neuropeptides, and various chemokines.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
31089516-8	2017	Results: Serum DPP-4 concentration was positively correlated with lean body mass, total cholesterol level, and creatinine level.	Cholesterol	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
31089516-8	2017	Results: Serum DPP-4 concentration was positively correlated with lean body mass, total cholesterol level, and creatinine level.	Creatinine	111-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
28923269-7	2017	The increased level of cleaved beta-catenin in response to hypoxia was significantly attenuated by Diprotin A, suggesting that DPP-4 inhibition protects endothelial adherens junctions from hypoxia.	diprotin A	99-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
28883756-4	2017	We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice).	Butyric Acid	27-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
28776371-0	2017	Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of the Long-Acting DPP-4 Inhibitor Omarigliptin.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
29109662-4	2017	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
28776371-1	2017	A highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of the key tetrahydropyranol intermediate of DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin (1) is described.	2-Hydroxytetrahydropyran	51-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
28776371-1	2017	A highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of the key tetrahydropyranol intermediate of DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin (1) is described.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
28885325-5	2017	RESULTS: The accumulative RRs (95% confidence intervals) for T2DM patients treated with the combination therapy of metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitor versus metformin plus sulfonylurea were 0.71 (0.56-0.90) for nonfatal cardiovascular events, 1.001 (0.85-1.18) for fatal cardiovascular events, 0.58 (0.41-0.82) for CVD mortality, and 0.72 (0.59-0.87) for all-cause mortality.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	168-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
28885325-6	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The combination therapy of metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitor significantly decreased the RR of nonfatal cardiovascular events, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality, compared with the combination therapy of metformin plus sulfonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	233-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
29109662-4	2017	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
29109662-4	2017	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control.	Metformin	90-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
29109662-4	2017	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors like linagliptin are usually add-on therapy to metformin in order to achieve glycemic control.	Metformin	90-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
29109662-11	2017	Conclusion: Introduction of linagliptin into reimbursement list would decrease total costs for DPP-4 inhibitors and is favorable for positive decision on reimbursement in B&amp;H. Applying BIM in decision making would assure better allocation and planning of resources at any region or administrative level in B&amp;H.	Linagliptin	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
28796490-4	2017	Spirobifluorene (SF) derivatives with optimized energy levels from diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) or perylenediimide (PDI) components, coded as SF-(DPP)4 and SF-(PDI)4, are synthesized and investigated for application as ternary components in the host blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM).	spirobifluorene	0-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-149
29264448-1	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin promotes beta-cell survival and insulin secretion by prolonging endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) action and therefore helps to maintain normoglycemia in diabetic patients.	Linagliptin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
28796490-4	2017	Spirobifluorene (SF) derivatives with optimized energy levels from diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) or perylenediimide (PDI) components, coded as SF-(DPP)4 and SF-(PDI)4, are synthesized and investigated for application as ternary components in the host blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM).	sf	17-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-149
28813679-3	2017	Here, we show that TP53 limits erastin-induced ferroptosis by blocking dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity in a transcription-independent manner.	erastin	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
28630069-0	2017	Degradation of Incretins and Modulation of Blood Glucose Levels by Periodontopathic Bacterial Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4.	Glucose	49-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-116
28630069-2	2017	Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of periodontitis, expresses dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which is involved in regulation of blood glucose levels by cleaving incretins in humans.	Glucose	143-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
28630069-2	2017	Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of periodontitis, expresses dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), which is involved in regulation of blood glucose levels by cleaving incretins in humans.	Glucose	143-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
28630069-3	2017	We examined the enzymatic characteristics of DPP4 from P. gingivalis as well as two other periodontopathic bacteria, Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia, and determined whether it is capable of regulating blood glucose levels.	Glucose	222-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-49
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide	93-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide	127-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	Histidine	165-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	Alanine	169-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-5	2017	The kcat/Km values of recombinant DPP4s ranged from 721 +- 55 to 1,283 +- 23 muM-1s-1 toward Gly-Pro-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA), while those were much lower for His-Ala-MCA.	glycylprolyl-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide	173-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Histidine	108-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	296-300
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Alanine	116-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	296-300
28630069-6	2017	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis showed His/Tyr-Ala dipeptide release from the N termini of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, respectively, with the action of microbial DPP4.	Dipeptides	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	296-300
28630069-8	2017	These results are the first to show that periodontopathic bacterial DPP4 is capable of modulating blood glucose levels the same as mammalian DPP4; thus, the incidence of periodontopathic bacteremia may exacerbate diabetes mellitus via molecular events of bacterial DPP4 activities.	Glucose	104-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
28813679-3	2017	Here, we show that TP53 limits erastin-induced ferroptosis by blocking dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP4) activity in a transcription-independent manner.	erastin	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
28285800-1	2017	Recently, cardiovascular outcome trials with glucose-lowering drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), liraglutide and semaglutide, showed a reduction in cardiovascular events, which had not been observed in trials with other incretin-based drugs, such as lixisenatide or with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i).	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	336-358
28372224-7	2017	Anthocyanin-rich extracts inhibited alpha-glucosidase (37.8%), alpha-amylase (35.6%), dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (34.4%), reactive oxygen species (81.6%), and decreased glucose uptake.	Anthocyanins	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
28579121-2	2017	By applying the strategy to the previously identified templates, quinoline 4 and pyridines 16a, 16b, and 17 have been identified as subnanomolar or nanomolar inhibitors of human DPP-4.	quinoline	65-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
28801559-1	2017	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinic.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
28801559-1	2017	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that inhibits the degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and has been approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in clinic.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
28900535-0	2017	The Effects of Aerobic Exercises and 25(OH) D Supplementation on GLP1 and DPP4 Level in Type II Diabetic Patients.	25(oh) d	37-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
28579121-2	2017	By applying the strategy to the previously identified templates, quinoline 4 and pyridines 16a, 16b, and 17 have been identified as subnanomolar or nanomolar inhibitors of human DPP-4.	Pyridines	81-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
28239939-1	2017	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fasiglifam, an orally active G-protein-coupled receptor 40 agonist, in combination with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet/exercise (+- metformin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	170-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
28699089-7	2017	Two recent multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials support the safety of sitagliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i), in hospitalized patients, although the sample sizes were likely too small to detect CV events.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-119
28244635-1	2017	AIMS: To evaluate the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin on aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) as a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness and early atherosclerosis in people with early type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
28589493-5	2017	DPP-4 inhibitor omarigliptin as add-on therapy to five different classes of orally administered AHA [sulfonylurea (SU), glinide (GL), biguanide (BG), thiazolidinedione (TZD), or alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (AGI)] commonly used in Japan and having different mechanisms of drug action from DPP-4 inhibitors.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
28631242-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of duration of type 2 diabetes on glucose-lowering effectiveness of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin versus sulfonylureas (SUs) in a real-life setting.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-129
28631242-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of duration of type 2 diabetes on glucose-lowering effectiveness of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin versus sulfonylureas (SUs) in a real-life setting.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
29632607-3	2017	Vildagliptin, one of the earliest DPP-4 inhibitors, has been tested across the entire spectrum of type 2 diabetes and has been in clinical use for 20 years.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
29632608-2	2017	In 1999, studies with DPP-728 established the first proof-of-concept that DPP-4 inhibition improves glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.	NVP-728	22-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
29632608-5	2017	The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
29632609-0	2017	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Development and Post-authorisation Programme for Vildagliptin - Clinical Evidence for Optimised Management of Chronic Diseases Beyond Type 2 Diabetes.	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29632609-8	2017	This review encompasses unique developments in the global landscape, and the role DPP-4 inhibitors, specifically vildagliptin, have played in research advancement and optimisation of diabetes care in a diverse population with T2DM worldwide.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
29632610-1	2017	Vildagliptin is one of the most extensively studied dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in terms of its clinical utility.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
29632610-1	2017	Vildagliptin is one of the most extensively studied dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in terms of its clinical utility.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
29264572-0	2017	Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Are Associated With Decreased Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
29264572-3	2017	Objective: We tested the hypothesis that individual characteristics, sitagliptin dose, and genetic variability in DPP4 influence DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	150-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-118
29264572-3	2017	Objective: We tested the hypothesis that individual characteristics, sitagliptin dose, and genetic variability in DPP4 influence DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	150-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-133
29264572-7	2017	Main Outcome Measures: DPP4 activity and antigen during placebo and sitagliptin and DPP4 inhibition during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
29264572-8	2017	Results: Sitagliptin 100 mg/d was less effective at inhibiting DPP4 activity in individuals with T2DM and hypertension than in healthy controls (P = 0.001, percent inhibition).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
29264572-10	2017	DPP4 genotypes rs2909451 TT (P = 0.02) and rs759717 CC (P = 0.02) were associated with DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29264572-10	2017	DPP4 genotypes rs2909451 TT (P = 0.02) and rs759717 CC (P = 0.02) were associated with DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
29264572-11	2017	In multivariable analyses, T2DM with hypertension, sitagliptin dose, age, systolic blood pressure, DPP4 activity during placebo, and rs2909451 genotype were significantly associated with DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-191
29264572-11	2017	In multivariable analyses, T2DM with hypertension, sitagliptin dose, age, systolic blood pressure, DPP4 activity during placebo, and rs2909451 genotype were significantly associated with DPP4 activity during sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	208-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-191
29264572-12	2017	Conclusions: Sitagliptin is less effective in inhibiting DPP4 in individuals with T2DM and hypertension than in healthy controls.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-61
28878934-0	2017	Postauthorization safety study of the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin: a large-scale multinational family of cohort studies of five outcomes.	saxagliptin	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
28637594-7	2017	RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HOMA-IR, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, CRP, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase compared with those in the lowest quartile (all P&lt;0.05).	3-nitrotyrosine	83-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
28637594-7	2017	RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HOMA-IR, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, CRP, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase compared with those in the lowest quartile (all P&lt;0.05).	8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
28455750-1	2017	In type 2 diabetes patients treated in German primary care practices, the use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) in combination with metformin was associated with a significant decrease in the risk of developing bone fractures compared to metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	248-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
28789492-1	2017	Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, in subjects aged 60 years or older with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
30603331-11	2017	DPP-4 inhibitors or micronutrients may contribute to the immune regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating macrophage polarization, thereby reducing insulin resistance and preventing the progression of NAFLD.	Glucose	78-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
28759649-4	2017	Using knockout cell lines, we found that the tetraspanin CD9, but not the tetraspanin CD81, formed cell-surface complexes of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), the MERS-CoV receptor, and the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) member TMPRSS2, a CoV-activating protease.	tetraspanin cd9	45-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-153
28750074-0	2017	DPP4 gene variation affects GLP-1 secretion, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance in humans with high body adiposity.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
28750074-5	2017	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fourteen common (minor allele frequencies &gt;=0.05) DPP4 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 1,976 non-diabetic TUF participants characterized by oral glucose tolerance tests and bioimpedance measurements.	oral glucose	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
28750074-7	2017	RESULTS: We identified a variant, i.e., SNP rs6741949, in intron 2 of the DPP4 gene that, after correction for multiple comparisons and appropriate adjustment, revealed a significant genotype-body fat interaction effect on glucose-stimulated plasma GLP-1 levels (p = 0.0021).	Glucose	223-230	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
28750074-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: A common variant, i.e., SNP rs6741949, in the DPP4 gene interacts with body adiposity and negatively affects glucose-stimulated GLP-1 levels, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
28750074-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: A common variant, i.e., SNP rs6741949, in the DPP4 gene interacts with body adiposity and negatively affects glucose-stimulated GLP-1 levels, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance.	Glucose	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
28790917-7	2017	In addition, sitagliptin, a strong and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor, showed its beneficial effects on bone metabolism by improving bone mineral density, bone quality, and bone markers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
28798686-7	2017	Results: Participants in the upper quartile of plasma DPP4 activity had higher C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 8-iso-PGF2a, nitrotyrosine, and lower GLP-1 and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with those in the lowest quartile (P &lt; 0.001).	3-nitrotyrosine	140-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
28798686-8	2017	The odds ratios (ORs) for increased CRP, IL-6, 8-iso-PGF2a, nitrotyrosine, and decreased active GLP-1 were higher with increasing DPP4 quartiles after adjustment for confounders (all P &lt; 0.001).	3-nitrotyrosine	60-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-134
28622738-2	2017	Neither the reason why only saxagliptin among several dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increased the risk, nor the clinical implication of the result has been explained.	saxagliptin	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
28725273-9	2017	Within the dapagliflozin treatment group, significant reductions of body mass index and albuminuria, and increases of HbA1c, hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed, but improvement of albuminuria was not significant if compared with the DPP-4 continuation group.	dapagliflozin	11-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	238-243
28761658-5	2017	RESULTS: After switching to anagliptin from other DPP-4 inhibitors, the levels of HbA1c in the 20 participants showed no significant change, 7.5%+-1.2% at 24 weeks compared with 7.3%+-0.9% at baseline.	anagliptin	28-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
28166651-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve glycemic control, and sitagliptin has been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular events.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
28109184-8	2017	RESULTS: DPP4is as a second-line add-on to metformin had a significantly lower stroke risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.817 (95% confidence interval 0.687, 0.971)] and all-cause mortality [HR 0.825 (0.687, 0.992)] than those for sulphonylurea.	Metformin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
28109184-8	2017	RESULTS: DPP4is as a second-line add-on to metformin had a significantly lower stroke risk [hazard ratio (HR) 0.817 (95% confidence interval 0.687, 0.971)] and all-cause mortality [HR 0.825 (0.687, 0.992)] than those for sulphonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	221-234	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
28761216-2	2017	In clinical and real-world studies, canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, has demonstrated superior A1C lowering compared to the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	142-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
28761216-4	2017	The addition of canagliflozin to treatment regimens that include a DPP-4 inhibitor or a GLP-1 receptor agonist has been shown to further improve glycemic control, while still maintaining beneficial effects on cardiometabolic parameters such as body weight and blood pressure.	Canagliflozin	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
28454879-10	2017	Diprotin A was used as a CD26 inhibitor to further investigated the function of CD26 fibroblasts in keloid disease.	diprotin A	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
28330386-9	2017	CONCLUSION: In routine clinical practice, intensification of metformin + sulfonylurea therapy by adding insulin is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death compared with adding a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor.	Metformin	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-225
27502307-3	2017	Sitagliptin, a selective once-daily oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has been shown to improve glycemic control as monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic agents, including sulfonylureas and metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
28332871-6	2017	Recent clinical evidence shows that SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor therapy is an effective combination for T2DM treatment, providing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reductions of 1.1 to 1.5%, and weight reductions of approximately 2 kg when added to metformin, which is its primary place in therapy.	Metformin	247-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
28332871-7	2017	CONCLUSION: The combination of an SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective treatment choice for patients with T2DM who are unable to obtain adequate glycemic control with metformin therapy, cannot use metformin, or have a higher baseline HbA1c.	Metformin	186-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
28332871-7	2017	CONCLUSION: The combination of an SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor is a safe and effective treatment choice for patients with T2DM who are unable to obtain adequate glycemic control with metformin therapy, cannot use metformin, or have a higher baseline HbA1c.	Metformin	216-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
28556182-8	2017	The other peptide Pro-Ala-Leu had IC50 values of 0.64+-0.05 and 0.88+-0.03 mg/mL against ACE and DPP-IV, respectively.	Pro-Ala-Leu	18-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
28411801-2	2017	Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC).	Cadmium	73-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
28420715-3	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a new class of glucose-lowering drugs that might also have reno-protective properties.	Glucose	72-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
28420715-3	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase type 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a new class of glucose-lowering drugs that might also have reno-protective properties.	Glucose	72-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
28420715-7	2017	Preclinical animal studies and some clinical data suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors decrease the progression of diabetic nephropathy in a blood pressure- and glucose-independent manner.	Glucose	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
28411801-2	2017	Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC).	gly-pro-asp-cys	187-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
28411801-2	2017	Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC).	gpdc	204-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
28411801-2	2017	Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC).	val-pro-ethylene diamine-asp-cys	213-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
28411801-2	2017	Herein, we describe a simple and real-time colorimetric assay for DPP-IV/CD-26 activity based on the aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized with the peptide substrates: Gly-Pro-Asp-Cys (GPDC) or Val-Pro-ethylene diamine-Asp-Cys (VP-ED-DC).	vp-ed-dc	247-255	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
28411801-6	2017	The detection limits when GPDC or VP-EN-DC functionalized AuNPs were used for DPP-IV assay were 1.2U/L and 1.5U/L, respectively.	vp-en	34-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
28411801-7	2017	The VP-EN-DC method was preferred for the quantitative determination of DPP-IV activity in serum because of its wide linear range 0-30U/L compared to 0-12U/L for the GPDC assay.	vp-en-dc	4-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
28490497-7	2017	Immunoprecipitation confirmed that DPP4 is displayed on the surface of eHAV produced in cell culture or present in sera from humans with acute hepatitis A.	ehav	71-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
28595617-9	2017	IPTW resulted in balanced baseline demographic, comorbidity, and disease characteristics (CANA: N = 13,793, mean age: 59.0 years; DPP-4: N = 14,588, mean age: 58.9 years).	iptw	0-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
28225432-0	2017	The use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes &amp; chronic kidney disease.	Adenosine Monophosphate	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
28225432-2	2017	This article describes management options for these patients using glucose-lowering therapies, in particular dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-131
28587613-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) regulates blood glucose levels and inflammation, and it is also implicated in the pathophysiological process of myocardial infarction (MI).	Glucose	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
28587613-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) regulates blood glucose levels and inflammation, and it is also implicated in the pathophysiological process of myocardial infarction (MI).	Glucose	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
27289163-5	2017	RESULTS: The meal containing EVOO was associated with a reduction of glucose (p = 0.009) and DPP4 activity (p &lt; 0.001) and a significant increase of insulin (p &lt; 0.001) and GLP-1 (p &lt; 0.001) compared with the meal without EVOO.	evoo	29-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
28058753-6	2017	The DPP-4 inhibition was significantly correlated with changes in MAGE and SD of glucose.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
28040864-2	2017	The insulinotropic activity of the native incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36)amide, which is mainly exerted through a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-1R), is terminated via enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV that generates a C-terminal GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major circulating form in plasma.	Amides	70-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-218
28058753-7	2017	In conclusion, gemigliptin and sitagliptin were more effective than glimepiride in reducing glycaemic variability as initial combination therapy with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the DPP-4 inhibition was associated with a reduction in glycaemic variability.	LC15-0444	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
28058753-7	2017	In conclusion, gemigliptin and sitagliptin were more effective than glimepiride in reducing glycaemic variability as initial combination therapy with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes, and the DPP-4 inhibition was associated with a reduction in glycaemic variability.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
28040864-2	2017	The insulinotropic activity of the native incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36)amide, which is mainly exerted through a unique G protein-coupled receptor (GLP-1R), is terminated via enzymatic cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV that generates a C-terminal GLP-1 metabolite GLP-1(9-36)amide, the major circulating form in plasma.	Amides	275-280	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-218
28516377-2	2017	Here, we investigated the influence of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on treatment-related QOL in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
27530507-0	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor teneligliptin functions as antioxidant on human endothelial cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic high-glucose memory.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	45-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27530507-0	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor teneligliptin functions as antioxidant on human endothelial cells exposed to chronic hyperglycemia and metabolic high-glucose memory.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	45-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
27530507-4	2017	Teneligliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with antioxidant properties.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
28407661-3	2017	In this study, we aim to investigate whether the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin modulate EPCs number and FMD in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive type 2 diabetic patients.	saxagliptin	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
28177187-1	2017	AIMS: To investigate efficacy and safety of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin administered as add-on therapy to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor teneligliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Canagliflozin	98-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-172
28764219-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin is a recently developed Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
28448177-4	2017	DPP-4i QW were more effective than placebo in reducing hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.63%; 95% CI -0.80, -0.46; I2 = 84%) and had a similar glucose-lowering effect with daily DPP-4i (WMD 0.01%; -0.08, 0.11%; I2 = 34%).	Glucose	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
28449320-0	2017	A randomised, double-blind, trial of the safety and efficacy of omarigliptin (a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor) in subjects with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
28764219-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin is a recently developed Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
28566414-2	2017	Linagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a group of oral hypoglycaemic agents used commonly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
28440488-0	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28440488-0	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in endothelial cells.	Glucose	59-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28440488-3	2017	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and extensively used in the clinical treatment of DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
28440488-3	2017	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and extensively used in the clinical treatment of DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
28556815-6	2017	The evidence suggests that polyphenols from various sources stimulate L-cells to secrete GLP1, increase its half-life by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), stimulate beta-cells to secrete insulin and stimulate the peripheral response to insulin, increasing the overall effects of the GLP1-insulin axis.	Polyphenols	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-154
28556815-6	2017	The evidence suggests that polyphenols from various sources stimulate L-cells to secrete GLP1, increase its half-life by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), stimulate beta-cells to secrete insulin and stimulate the peripheral response to insulin, increasing the overall effects of the GLP1-insulin axis.	Polyphenols	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
28566414-2	2017	Linagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, a group of oral hypoglycaemic agents used commonly for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
28489279-18	2017	We judged none of the included trials at low risk of bias for all "Risk of bias" domains and did not perform meta-analyses because there were not enough trials.One trial comparing the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin with placebo reported no deaths (very low-quality evidence).	Vildagliptin	200-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
28539578-11	2017	The patient also had regular treatment with saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, so we assumed that the simultaneous inhibition of two bradykinin degrading enzymes led to a treatment-refractory course of angioedema.	saxagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
28393419-2	2017	In the frames of this research study, several triazolo- and pyrazolotriazines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of AGE products formation, DPP4, glycogen phosphorylase and alpha-glucosidase activities, as well as AGE cross-link breakers.	triazolo- and pyrazolotriazines	46-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-154
28393419-3	2017	From the two considered classes of heterocyclic compounds, the pyrazolotriazines showed the highest potency as antiglycating agents and DPP4 inhibitors.	pyrazolotriazines	63-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
28177527-5	2017	The effects of linagliptin on DPP4 activity, cell growth and cell cycle progression were determined.	Linagliptin	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
28177527-9	2017	The activity of DPP4 and podocyte growth were reduced by linagliptin.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
28177527-14	2017	Inhibition of DPP4 in podocytes could underlie the effects of linagliptin on glomerular cells.	Linagliptin	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
28026911-6	2017	In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99).	Metformin	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
28026911-6	2017	In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99).	Metformin	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
28026911-6	2017	In multivariate adjusted analyses, total event rates for MACE with metformin + dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor were significantly lower than with metformin + SU (0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.98), driven by a lower MI rate in the metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor group (0.52, 95% CI 0.27-0.99).	Metformin	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	263-268
28026912-0	2017	Efficacy and safety of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with combination treatment of metformin and sulphonylurea: a 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (TROICA study).	LC15-0444	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
28026912-1	2017	AIMS: To assess the efficacy and safety of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, added to metformin and sulphonylurea in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	LC15-0444	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
28058750-1	2017	AIMS: This trial consisted of a 24-week multicentre, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled study and a 52-week open label extension study to assess the efficacy and safety of evogliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, compared to sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin alone.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	195-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	215-237
28369870-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: In this population, use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor was associated with a low risk of NAF.	Sodium Fluoride	107-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
28349708-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, like sitagliptin, reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28369870-10	2017	Patients who took dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors were at lower risk of developing NAF than the nonusers (OR, 0 65; 95% CI, 0 45-0 93).	Sodium Fluoride	85-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
28417296-5	2017	However, concerns on the safety of heart failure have been raised as the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial reported a 27% increase in the risk for heart failure hospitalization in diabetic patients treated with DPP4 inhibitor saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	212-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-201
27762088-7	2017	The administration of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor with or without dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor prevented nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with BBT.	bbt	179-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-102
28349708-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, like sitagliptin, reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
28349708-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, like sitagliptin, reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28349708-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, like sitagliptin, reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
28291776-0	2017	First-in-human phase 1 of YS110, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD26 in advanced CD26-expressing cancers.	ys110	26-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
28322073-5	2017	Two classes of glucose-lowering agents that meet these criteria are the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-148
28322073-5	2017	Two classes of glucose-lowering agents that meet these criteria are the sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
28291776-0	2017	First-in-human phase 1 of YS110, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD26 in advanced CD26-expressing cancers.	ys110	26-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
28291776-1	2017	BACKGROUND: YS110 is a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody with high affinity to the CD26 antigen.	ys110	12-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
28291776-4	2017	YS110 were initially administered intravenously once every 2 weeks (Q2W) for three doses and then, based on PK data, once every week (Q1W) for five doses in patients with CD26-expressing solid tumours.	ys110	0-5	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-175
28450900-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP4) is an enzyme responsible for glucagon-like peptide-1 inactivation and plays an important role in glucose metabolism.	Glucose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
28450900-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP4) is an enzyme responsible for glucagon-like peptide-1 inactivation and plays an important role in glucose metabolism.	Glucose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
31149163-7	2017	Focusing on 4 patients who received DPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy at enrolment, switching to repaglinide also significantly improved HbA1c levels.	repaglinide	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
28403877-7	2017	From baseline to 24 weeks, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased by 0.5 (95% CI, -0.9 to 2.0) mg/dl with a DPP-4 inhibitor and by 5.1 (95% CI, 3.0 to 7.1) mg/dl with an SGLT2 inhibitor (p = 0.001).	Cholesterol	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
28403877-8	2017	LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were reduced by 8.4 (95% CI, -14.0 to -2.8) mg/dl with a DPP-4 inhibitor, but increased by 1.3 (95% CI, -5.1 to 7.6) mg/dl with an SGLT2 inhibitor (p = 0.046).	Cholesterol	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
28376103-0	2017	Correction of vitamin D deficiency facilitated suppression of IP-10 and DPP IV levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A randomised double-blinded, placebo-control trial.	Vitamin D	14-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
28376103-7	2017	We hypothesized that correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in CHC patients might restore immune dysregulation through a pathway linked to the TH1/Th2 cytokines, IP-10 or DPP IV.	Vitamin D	35-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-190
28376103-13	2017	Our important finding revealed that upon correction of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, the serum IP-10 and DPP IV levels were decreased significantly as compare to the placebo group (delta changes; 83.27 vs -133.80; 95% CI [-326.910, -40.758], p = 0.0125, and 271.04 vs -518.69; 95% CI [-1179,15, -59.781], p = 0.0305, respectively.	Vitamin D	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-120
31149163-10	2017	In case that DPP-4 inhibitors are not enough to achieve targeted range of glycemic control, repaglinide is another good candidate.	repaglinide	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
28213130-5	2017	DPP-4 suppression was associated with increased basal glycogen content due to enhanced insulin signaling as shown by increased phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/ERK, respectively.	Glycogen	54-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
28122713-6	2017	DPP4 is known to facilitate absorption of cleaved dipeptides and regulate the function of the sodium/hydrogen exchanger-3 in the proximal tubules.	Dipeptides	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
28213130-7	2017	Reduced triglyceride content in DPP-4 knockdown cells was paralleled by enhanced expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase -1 (CPT-1) while sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) expression was significantly decreased.	Triglycerides	8-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
28213130-8	2017	Our data suggest that hepatic DPP-4 induces a selective pathway of insulin resistance with reduced glycogen storage, enhanced glucose output and increased lipid accumulation in the liver.	Glycogen	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
28213130-8	2017	Our data suggest that hepatic DPP-4 induces a selective pathway of insulin resistance with reduced glycogen storage, enhanced glucose output and increased lipid accumulation in the liver.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
28213130-9	2017	Hepatic DPP-4 might be a novel target in fatty liver disease in patients with glucose intolerance.	Glucose	78-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-13
28431666-2	2017	Such an increased risk has been consistently reported with thiazolidinediones (glitazones) and perhaps also with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor saxagliptin (at least in SAVOR - TIMI 53), whereas a markedly decreased risk was highlighted with the sodium - glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin in EMPA-REG OUTCOME.	saxagliptin	156-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-145
28215601-0	2017	Design and synthesis of quinazoline-3,4-(4H)-diamine endowed with thiazoline moiety as new class for DPP-4 and DPPH inhibitor.	quinazoline-3,4-(4h)-diamine	24-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
28215601-0	2017	Design and synthesis of quinazoline-3,4-(4H)-diamine endowed with thiazoline moiety as new class for DPP-4 and DPPH inhibitor.	thiazoline	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
28367418-3	2017	To understand such micro-environment, we performed in silico interaction analysis between a human target protein, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-4), and three anti-diabetic drugs (saxagliptin, linagliptin and vildagliptin).	saxagliptin	178-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
28367418-3	2017	To understand such micro-environment, we performed in silico interaction analysis between a human target protein, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-4), and three anti-diabetic drugs (saxagliptin, linagliptin and vildagliptin).	Linagliptin	191-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
28367418-3	2017	To understand such micro-environment, we performed in silico interaction analysis between a human target protein, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-4), and three anti-diabetic drugs (saxagliptin, linagliptin and vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	207-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
28367418-8	2017	Lowest binding energy was also observed for linagliptin with DPP-4 in the binding plot.	Linagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
28367418-10	2017	During interaction, two H-bonds and nine residues, two H-bonds and eleven residues as well as four H-bonds and nine residues were found between the saxagliptin, linagliptin as well as vildagliptin cases and DPP-4, respectively.	saxagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
28275958-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
28275958-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
28375658-4	2017	Although various single-pill combinations of oral glucose-lowering agents are available, empagliflozin/linagliptin was the first approved combination of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the United States.	empagliflozin	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-234
28275958-9	2017	All analyses over all trial population sets produced very similar results, and show that alogliptin 25 mg is as least as effective (as measured by change in HbA1c from baseline, but supported by other outcome measures: change in body weight and FPG from baseline) and safe (as measured by incidence of hypoglycemia and adverse events leading to study discontinuation) as all the other DPP-4 inhibitors in triple therapy.	alogliptin	89-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	385-390
28290371-6	2017	The DPP-IV IC50 value of 0.69mgmL-1, predicted by response surface methodology (RSM), to be obtained with an hydrolysate generated at 50.5 C, 2% ES and 231min (H16) was similar to the experimentally obtained value (DPP-IV IC50=0.66+-0.10mgmL-1, p&gt;0.05, n=3).	Einsteinium	145-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
28403729-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined or not with metformin.	Vildagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
28403729-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined or not with metformin.	Metformin	159-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
28375658-4	2017	Although various single-pill combinations of oral glucose-lowering agents are available, empagliflozin/linagliptin was the first approved combination of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the United States.	empagliflozin	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-241
28375658-4	2017	Although various single-pill combinations of oral glucose-lowering agents are available, empagliflozin/linagliptin was the first approved combination of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the United States.	Linagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-234
28375658-4	2017	Although various single-pill combinations of oral glucose-lowering agents are available, empagliflozin/linagliptin was the first approved combination of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the United States.	Linagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-241
28408838-10	2017	Further, it can be speculated that glucagon suppression may become the predominant mechanism via which glycemic control is improved when treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, such as vildagliptin, is initiated late in the natural course of T2DM.	Glucagon	35-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
28408838-10	2017	Further, it can be speculated that glucagon suppression may become the predominant mechanism via which glycemic control is improved when treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, such as vildagliptin, is initiated late in the natural course of T2DM.	Vildagliptin	179-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
28761576-0	2017	Efficacy and Safety of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin on Atherosclerosis, beta-Cell Function, and Glycemic Control in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who are Treatment Naive or Poorly Responsive to Antidiabetes Agents: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational, Uncontrolled Study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
28065853-6	2017	The results showed that sitagliptin treatment inhibited the proliferation of PBMC-PHA stimulated cells in a dose dependent manner and decreased CD26 expression by these cells, suggesting that sitagliptin may interfere in CD26 expression, dimerization and cell signaling.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
28065853-6	2017	The results showed that sitagliptin treatment inhibited the proliferation of PBMC-PHA stimulated cells in a dose dependent manner and decreased CD26 expression by these cells, suggesting that sitagliptin may interfere in CD26 expression, dimerization and cell signaling.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
28065853-6	2017	The results showed that sitagliptin treatment inhibited the proliferation of PBMC-PHA stimulated cells in a dose dependent manner and decreased CD26 expression by these cells, suggesting that sitagliptin may interfere in CD26 expression, dimerization and cell signaling.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	192-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
28065853-6	2017	The results showed that sitagliptin treatment inhibited the proliferation of PBMC-PHA stimulated cells in a dose dependent manner and decreased CD26 expression by these cells, suggesting that sitagliptin may interfere in CD26 expression, dimerization and cell signaling.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	192-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
28065853-12	2017	Our data demonstrated an immunosuppressive effect of sitagliptin on Th1, Th17 and Th2 lymphocytes differentiation that leads to the generation of regulatory TGF-beta1 secreting cells with low CD26 gene expression that may influence the state of pancreatic beta-cells and controlling DM1 patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	192-196
28333091-3	2017	We summarized here recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of glucose metabolism using bioactive peptides from natural proteins, including regulation of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, such as protection and reparation of pancreatic beta-cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and influencing the sensitivity of insulin and the signaling pathways, and inhibition of bioactive peptides to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities.	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	424-447
28333091-3	2017	We summarized here recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of glucose metabolism using bioactive peptides from natural proteins, including regulation of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, such as protection and reparation of pancreatic beta-cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and influencing the sensitivity of insulin and the signaling pathways, and inhibition of bioactive peptides to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities.	Glucose	186-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	424-447
28333091-3	2017	We summarized here recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of glucose metabolism using bioactive peptides from natural proteins, including regulation of insulin-regulated glucose metabolism, such as protection and reparation of pancreatic beta-cells, enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and influencing the sensitivity of insulin and the signaling pathways, and inhibition of bioactive peptides to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities.	Glucose	186-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	424-447
28322294-1	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a novel family of glucose-lowering agents.	Glucose	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28322294-1	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a novel family of glucose-lowering agents.	Glucose	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
28761576-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is widely used in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
27868366-0	2017	Effects of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on lipid metabolism and endotoxemia after a high-fat meal in patients with type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
27848150-0	2017	Factors Related to the Glucose-Lowering Efficacy of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Focusing on Ethnicity and Study Regions.	Glucose	23-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
27848150-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted including an analysis to investigate the difference between ethnic groups in the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	201-223
27848150-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been conducted including an analysis to investigate the difference between ethnic groups in the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	225-230
27943565-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Continuous long-term DPP-4 inhibitor use (defined as &gt;4.0-8.5 years of DPP-4 inhibitor use for any fracture, &gt;3.0-8.5 years for osteoporotic fracture and &gt;2.0-8.5 years for hip fracture was not associated with risk of any, osteoporotic or hip fracture.	Arsenic	62-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
27943565-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Continuous long-term DPP-4 inhibitor use (defined as &gt;4.0-8.5 years of DPP-4 inhibitor use for any fracture, &gt;3.0-8.5 years for osteoporotic fracture and &gt;2.0-8.5 years for hip fracture was not associated with risk of any, osteoporotic or hip fracture.	Arsenic	62-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
27998910-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: To assess the mechanistic effects of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin on (exocrine) pancreatic physiology and morphology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	162-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
28093853-0	2017	Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treatment with the once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor omarigliptin or the once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	135-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
28176222-6	2017	As the first dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor/sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT2) inhibitor fixed-dose combination available in the EU for glycaemic control in patients with T2DM, saxagliptin/dapagliflozin is a useful new option in this setting.	saxagliptin	190-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
27868366-1	2017	We aimed to investigate the effects of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on postprandial lipoprotein levels and endotoxemia in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.	LC15-0444	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
27236239-7	2017	Therefore, this study will be performed to evaluate the effects of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on coronary atherosclerosis using FFRCT in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
27999883-1	2017	PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a single 12.5- or 25-mg dose of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in pediatric (children and adolescents) and adult subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	134-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
27999883-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: A 25-mg dose of alogliptin in pediatric subjects achieved alogliptin exposures and DPP-4 inhibition similar to those in adult T2DM patients without safety concerns; therefore, this dose is recommended for a pediatric phase 3 trial.	alogliptin	29-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
27549920-8	2017	In patients treated continuously with a single OHA for 2 years, improvement in glycated hemoglobin levels was greatest for dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	10-oxohexadecanoic acid	47-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
27549920-9	2017	As a second OHA added to the first OHA during the first 2 years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were chosen most often, especially if a biguanide was the first OHA.	10-oxohexadecanoic acid	12-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
27549920-9	2017	As a second OHA added to the first OHA during the first 2 years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were chosen most often, especially if a biguanide was the first OHA.	10-oxohexadecanoic acid	35-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
27549920-9	2017	As a second OHA added to the first OHA during the first 2 years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were chosen most often, especially if a biguanide was the first OHA.	Biguanides	139-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
27549920-9	2017	As a second OHA added to the first OHA during the first 2 years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were chosen most often, especially if a biguanide was the first OHA.	10-oxohexadecanoic acid	35-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
27866216-14	2017	BTMs explained approximately half of the relationship between DPP4 and OF.	btms	0-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
27939504-4	2017	Donor lungs were preconditioned with saline or the CD26/DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin (1 mug/mL [3 muM]).	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
27459721-2	2017	Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, which are increased by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor therapy (sitagliptin) may protect against beta cell apoptosis.	Glucose	39-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
28012254-3	2017	Furthermore, the utility of the catalytic process is demonstrated in the context of enantioselective formal synthesis of ABT-341, a DPP4 inhibitor.	ABT 341	121-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
28182722-9	2017	Improvements in glycemic control were statistically significantly associated with the tested DPP-4 inhibitors in the high HGI group (-2.4, -1.4, -1.2 and -2.2% [-26.2, -15.3, -13.1 and -24.0 mmol/mol] for vildagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, respectively) but not in the low HGI group.	Vildagliptin	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
28182722-9	2017	Improvements in glycemic control were statistically significantly associated with the tested DPP-4 inhibitors in the high HGI group (-2.4, -1.4, -1.2 and -2.2% [-26.2, -15.3, -13.1 and -24.0 mmol/mol] for vildagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, respectively) but not in the low HGI group.	Linagliptin	219-230	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
28182722-9	2017	Improvements in glycemic control were statistically significantly associated with the tested DPP-4 inhibitors in the high HGI group (-2.4, -1.4, -1.2 and -2.2% [-26.2, -15.3, -13.1 and -24.0 mmol/mol] for vildagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, respectively) but not in the low HGI group.	saxagliptin	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
28182722-9	2017	Improvements in glycemic control were statistically significantly associated with the tested DPP-4 inhibitors in the high HGI group (-2.4, -1.4, -1.2 and -2.2% [-26.2, -15.3, -13.1 and -24.0 mmol/mol] for vildagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, respectively) but not in the low HGI group.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	248-259	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
27459721-2	2017	Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, which are increased by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor therapy (sitagliptin) may protect against beta cell apoptosis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	146-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
27761990-0	2017	Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin (DA-1229).	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	118-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
27761990-0	2017	Effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin (DA-1229).	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
27761990-1	2017	Evogliptin is a novel potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
27761990-1	2017	Evogliptin is a novel potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
27895112-1	2017	The main route of elimination of vildagliptin, which is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in humans is cyano group hydrolysis to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
27895112-1	2017	The main route of elimination of vildagliptin, which is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in humans is cyano group hydrolysis to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
27895112-1	2017	The main route of elimination of vildagliptin, which is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in humans is cyano group hydrolysis to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7.	Carboxylic Acids	153-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
28078647-1	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (Januvia ; Glactiv ; Tesavel ; Xelevia ) is approved in more than 130 countries worldwide as monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycaemic drugs for the treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27630212-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the incidence of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease who were treated with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	164-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-201
27709794-0	2017	Addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, to ongoing therapy with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide: A randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
28078647-1	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (Januvia ; Glactiv ; Tesavel ; Xelevia ) is approved in more than 130 countries worldwide as monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycaemic drugs for the treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27645706-9	2017	RESULTS: From a societal perspective, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors yielded more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (0.024) at a higher cost (&gt;66,000 Thai baht (THB) or &gt;1,829.27 USD) per person than SFU, resulting in the ICER of &gt;2.7 million THB/QALY (&gt;74,833.70 USD/QALY).	Sapropterin	167-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
27645706-9	2017	RESULTS: From a societal perspective, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors yielded more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) (0.024) at a higher cost (&gt;66,000 Thai baht (THB) or &gt;1,829.27 USD) per person than SFU, resulting in the ICER of &gt;2.7 million THB/QALY (&gt;74,833.70 USD/QALY).	Sapropterin	255-258	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
27645706-11	2017	At the ceiling ratio of 160,000 THB/QALY (4,434.59 USD/QALY), the probability that DPP-4 inhibitors are cost-effective compared to SFU was less than 10%.	Sapropterin	32-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
28194113-3	2017	Native GLP-1 (7-36) amide is rapidly degraded by diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) to GLP-1 (9-36) amide, making 9-36a the major circulating form.	Amides	20-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
27964837-2	2017	In this study, we compared the safety and efficacy of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) plus basal insulin with a basal-bolus insulin regimen for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes in general medicine and surgery in hospitals.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
28194113-3	2017	Native GLP-1 (7-36) amide is rapidly degraded by diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) to GLP-1 (9-36) amide, making 9-36a the major circulating form.	Amides	100-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
28216506-3	2017	DPP4 inhibitor showes an incredible effect on the control of blood glucose and it is thought as a newly-developed drug for diabetes, especially in regulation of post-prandial glycemia.	Glucose	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
28932239-2	2017	Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
28109295-2	2017	This study assessed the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus the sulphonylurea glimepiride and placebo on measures of macro- and microvascular endothelial function in patients with T2D who represented a primary cardiovascular disease prevention population.	Linagliptin	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
28932239-2	2017	Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients.	Linagliptin	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
28932239-2	2017	Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients.	saxagliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
28932239-2	2017	Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients.	alogliptin	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
27341562-0	2017	Activity and expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with early steroid and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs naive rheumatoid arthritis.	Steroids	112-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-50
27282159-1	2017	Saxagliptin is an orally active, highly potent, selective and competitive dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus at doses of 2.5 or 5 mg once daily.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-102
27282159-4	2017	Both saxagliptin and its major active metabolite, 5-hydroxy saxagliptin, demonstrate high degrees of selectivity for DPP-4 compared with other DPP enzymes.	saxagliptin	5-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
27282159-4	2017	Both saxagliptin and its major active metabolite, 5-hydroxy saxagliptin, demonstrate high degrees of selectivity for DPP-4 compared with other DPP enzymes.	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	50-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
27282159-6	2017	The half-life of plasma DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin 5 mg is ~27 h, which supports a once-daily dosing regimen.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
27928947-6	2017	Moreover, there are a number of CV outcome trials designed to determine the long-term CV safety of new glucose-lowering agents, like dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-155
28804210-3	2017	Here we report a case of a pediatric patient with MODY1 who was successfully treated with a DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin.	alogliptin	109-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
28093996-13	2017	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and have no risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
28093996-13	2017	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and have no risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
27619558-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Gemigliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor.	LC15-0444	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-56
28056430-0	2017	The effects of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on cognitive functions in elderly diabetic patients with or without Alzheimer"s disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
28056430-1	2017	AIMS: The present study aimed to evaluate effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4I), on cognitive functions in elderly diabetic patients with and without cognitive impairment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
28056431-1	2017	AIMS: The objective of this nationwide study was to compare the risk of all-cause mortality, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD), and severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on metformin monotherapy treatment starting second-line treatment with either insulin or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4i).	Metformin	208-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	294-316
27928947-6	2017	Moreover, there are a number of CV outcome trials designed to determine the long-term CV safety of new glucose-lowering agents, like dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
27653447-7	2017	However, a small increase in HF admissions was observed with the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
28440199-3	2017	During the last decade, number of pharmacological agents used for glucose- lowering in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased owing to the introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase- IV (DPP- IV) inhibitors, glucagon- like peptide- 1 (GLP- 1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT- 2) inhibitors.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-203
28440199-3	2017	During the last decade, number of pharmacological agents used for glucose- lowering in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased owing to the introduction of dipeptidyl peptidase- IV (DPP- IV) inhibitors, glucagon- like peptide- 1 (GLP- 1) receptor agonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT- 2) inhibitors.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-212
28228317-0	2017	Short-term therapy with combination dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin/metformin extended release (XR) is superior to saxagliptin or metformin XR monotherapy in prediabetic women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a single-blind, randomized, pilot study.	saxagliptin	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
27180612-4	2017	The long terminal half-life of linagliptin results from its strong binding to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4.	Linagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
28250768-3	2017	The present study aimed to clarify whether sitagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, could regress carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
28321057-5	2017	They were then treated with sitagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) for 3 months and followed-up for 12 months.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
27180612-3	2017	Linagliptin has a xanthine-based structure, a difference that might account for some of the pharmacological differences observed with linagliptin versus other dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-181
27180612-5	2017	Despite this, linagliptin shows a short accumulation half-life, as a result of saturable, high-affinity binding to dipeptidyl-peptidase-4.	Linagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
27180612-3	2017	Linagliptin has a xanthine-based structure, a difference that might account for some of the pharmacological differences observed with linagliptin versus other dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Xanthine	18-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-181
27180612-7	2017	Unlike most other dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors, linagliptin has a largely non-renal excretion route, and dose adjustment is not required in patients with renal impairment.	Linagliptin	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
27180612-10	2017	Linagliptin shows unique pharmacological features within the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor class.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
27182005-0	2017	Single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of omarigliptin, a novel, once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy Japanese men.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	66-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-123
27182005-1	2017	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Omarigliptin is a novel, potent, long-acting oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor being developed as a once-weekly (q.w.)	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	19-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
27182005-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study in healthy Japanese men showed that omarigliptin was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition profile that supports once-weekly dosing in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-165
28188318-2	2017	Sulfonylureas have been the preferred add-on therapy to metformin for T2DM, but a study finds that DPP-4s have lower risks of death, CV events, and hypoglycemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
28626771-0	2017	Inadequate Triglyceride Management Worsens the Durability of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor in Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	Triglycerides	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
28626771-1	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are often used all over the world and exert various beneficial effects including glucose-lowering effect in many subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	123-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28626771-1	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are often used all over the world and exert various beneficial effects including glucose-lowering effect in many subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	123-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
28626771-2	2017	It is poorly understood, however, which factors are closely related with the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor.	Glucose	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
28626771-7	2017	Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that average triglyceride and baseline HbA1c were independent predictors associated with the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor.	Triglycerides	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
28626771-8	2017	Moreover, an average triglyceride level contributed to the durability of DPP-4 inhibitor in the obese group (BMI &gt;= 25 kg/m2) but not in the nonobese group (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2).	Triglycerides	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
28626771-9	2017	These results suggest the importance of strict triglyceride management to maintain the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor, especially in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Triglycerides	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
28626771-9	2017	These results suggest the importance of strict triglyceride management to maintain the durability of glucose-lowering effect by DPP-4 inhibitor, especially in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
28188318-2	2017	Sulfonylureas have been the preferred add-on therapy to metformin for T2DM, but a study finds that DPP-4s have lower risks of death, CV events, and hypoglycemia.	Metformin	56-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
28178698-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a novel class of oral glucose-lowering agents and are known to be safe and effective in the general population.	Glucose	74-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
28260743-0	2017	Pharmacological action and clinical results of Omarigliptin (MARIZEV  tablet), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for once-weekly treatment of Type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-109
28178698-2	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent a novel class of oral glucose-lowering agents and are known to be safe and effective in the general population.	Glucose	74-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
27720872-6	2016	In the present study, we developed a nasal formulation of GLP-2 containing 5% polyoxyethylene (25) lauryl ether and 1% beta-cyclodextrin that enhanced the resistance of GLP-2 to inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	betadex	119-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-216
28180064-12	2017	Following administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor there was an observable peak of active GLP-1 levels as determined by the bioassay at 15 min after oral glucose load, reaching 11.0 +- 0.62 pmol/l, 1.4-fold greater than levels obtained without DPP-4 inhibitor treatment.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
27980448-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Because of the potential anti-inflammatory effects, linagliptin, a therapeutic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used as an effective drug for diabetic patients for whom inflammation is a prognosis-related factor.	Linagliptin	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
27905912-1	2016	BACKGROUND: To investigate the ameliorating effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were previously untreated with or who have a poor responsive to existing antidiabetic drugs.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
27436788-11	2016	CONCLUSION: Ipragliflozin was well tolerated and effective in insulin-treated patients, especially when used with a DPP-4 inhibitor.	ipragliflozin	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
27586249-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin for 4 weeks prevented the impairment of renal endothelial function due to hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
27734321-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as second-option medications when metformin fails.	Metformin	104-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
27627981-2	2016	We assessed the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-102
27734321-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are widely used as second-option medications when metformin fails.	Metformin	104-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
27742728-3	2016	NCT00790205, clinicaltrials.gov) participants with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease treated with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, according to baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-144
27918671-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese type 2 diabetes patients, the efficacy of glucose control in all five kinds of DPP-4 inhibitor treatments was well confirmed, and no significant change in body weight was found.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
27810689-2	2016	Teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, can be used without dose adjustment for these patients.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
27225334-0	2016	Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Omarigliptin, a Once-Weekly Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor, After Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Subjects.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
27388897-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Saxagliptin and sitagliptin are two commonly used dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	saxagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
27388897-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Saxagliptin and sitagliptin are two commonly used dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	saxagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
27388897-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Saxagliptin and sitagliptin are two commonly used dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
27388897-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: Saxagliptin and sitagliptin are two commonly used dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
27225334-8	2016	Omarigliptin acts by stabilizing active GLP-1, which is consistent with its mechanism of action as a DPP-4 inhibitor.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
27225334-0	2016	Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Omarigliptin, a Once-Weekly Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitor, After Single and Multiple Doses in Healthy Subjects.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
27225334-1	2016	The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of omarigliptin, a novel once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, were assessed following single and multiple doses in healthy subjects.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
27560285-0	2016	Discovery of novel xanthine compounds targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 as anti-diabetic agents.	Xanthine	19-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
27598511-1	2016	CONTEXT: The rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and may influence the magnitude of glucose lowering by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-243
27598511-1	2016	CONTEXT: The rate of gastric emptying is an important determinant of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and may influence the magnitude of glucose lowering by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	245-250
27598511-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (VILD), during intraduodenal (ID) glucose infusion at 2 different rates within the physiological range of gastric emptying, in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
27598511-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These observations warrant further study to clarify whether type 2 diabetic patients with relatively more rapid gastric emptying have greater glucose lowering during treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-214
27889414-0	2016	Changes in glucose-induced plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels by co-administration of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in rodents.	Glucose	11-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
27889414-3	2016	Oral treatment with GTB plus a DPP4 inhibitor enhanced glucose-induced plasma active GLP-1 (aGLP-1) elevation and suppressed glucose excursions in both normal and diabetic rodents.	s-(p-nitrobenzyl)glutathione	20-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
27889414-3	2016	Oral treatment with GTB plus a DPP4 inhibitor enhanced glucose-induced plasma active GLP-1 (aGLP-1) elevation and suppressed glucose excursions in both normal and diabetic rodents.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
27889414-3	2016	Oral treatment with GTB plus a DPP4 inhibitor enhanced glucose-induced plasma active GLP-1 (aGLP-1) elevation and suppressed glucose excursions in both normal and diabetic rodents.	Glucose	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
28078175-3	2016	Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on coronary atherosclerosis using integrated backscatter (IB)-intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
27560285-1	2016	A series of xanthine derivatives as potent dual ligands targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was discovered through an approach of the merged pharmacophores of GPR119 agonists and DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin.	Xanthine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
27560285-1	2016	A series of xanthine derivatives as potent dual ligands targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was discovered through an approach of the merged pharmacophores of GPR119 agonists and DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin.	Xanthine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-177
27560285-1	2016	A series of xanthine derivatives as potent dual ligands targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was discovered through an approach of the merged pharmacophores of GPR119 agonists and DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	188-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
27560285-1	2016	A series of xanthine derivatives as potent dual ligands targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was discovered through an approach of the merged pharmacophores of GPR119 agonists and DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	188-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-177
27885251-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin can delay postprandial increases in glucose levels and hypotensive episodes, as well as sympathetic nervous system abnormalities and orthostatic hypotension.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
30603324-2	2017	In this study, we investigated the effects of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on the GA/HbA1c ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	46-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
27885251-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin can delay postprandial increases in glucose levels and hypotensive episodes, as well as sympathetic nervous system abnormalities and orthostatic hypotension.	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
27809903-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Trelagliptin, an oral DPP-4 inhibitor, which is administered once per week and characterized by a long half-life in blood.	trelagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
27573605-0	2016	Inhibition of DPP-4 by alogliptin improves coronary flow reserve and left ventricular systolic function evaluated by phase contrast cine magnetic resonance imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
27573605-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The present study determined whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition by alogliptin improves coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular election fraction (LVEF) in patients with type 2 DM and CAD.	alogliptin	94-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
27573605-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The present study determined whether dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition by alogliptin improves coronary flow reserve (CFR) and left ventricular election fraction (LVEF) in patients with type 2 DM and CAD.	alogliptin	94-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
27573605-9	2016	CONCLUSION: The inhibition of DPP-4 by alogliptin improved CFR and LVEF evaluated by MRI in patients with type 2 DM and CAD and the improvement in CFR was associated with increased LV systolic function.	alogliptin	39-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
27832184-2	2016	We studied the interaction between DPP-4 and its inhibitor drugs (sitagliptin 1, linagliptin 2, alogliptin 3, and teneligliptin 4) quantitatively by using fragment molecular orbital calculations at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ level to analyze the inhibitory activities of the drugs.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
27832184-2	2016	We studied the interaction between DPP-4 and its inhibitor drugs (sitagliptin 1, linagliptin 2, alogliptin 3, and teneligliptin 4) quantitatively by using fragment molecular orbital calculations at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ level to analyze the inhibitory activities of the drugs.	Linagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
27832184-2	2016	We studied the interaction between DPP-4 and its inhibitor drugs (sitagliptin 1, linagliptin 2, alogliptin 3, and teneligliptin 4) quantitatively by using fragment molecular orbital calculations at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ level to analyze the inhibitory activities of the drugs.	alogliptin	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
27832184-2	2016	We studied the interaction between DPP-4 and its inhibitor drugs (sitagliptin 1, linagliptin 2, alogliptin 3, and teneligliptin 4) quantitatively by using fragment molecular orbital calculations at the RI-MP2/cc-pVDZ level to analyze the inhibitory activities of the drugs.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	114-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
27734721-3	2016	Accordingly, the rate of gastric emptying may affect the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
27809848-3	2016	As a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study, we examined the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) on the 2-year progression of the arterial stiffness and also to determine the effect of good glycemic control on the rate of progression of the arterial stiffness.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
27535784-2	2016	The activity of DPP4, an enzyme which can either be anchored to the plasma membrane or circulate free in the extracellular compartment, affects the glucose metabolism, cellular signaling, migration and differentiation, oxidative stress and the immune system.	Glucose	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
27403645-1	2016	AIMS: Greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) with saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, versus placebo add-on in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control with dapagliflozin 10 mg/d plus metformin were demonstrated after 24 weeks of treatment.	saxagliptin	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
27484974-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), glycyl-prolyl-naphthylamidase, is a serine protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various proline-containing polypeptides.	Proline	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
27477520-0	2016	Isolation of rugosin A, B and related compounds as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors from rose bud extract powder.	rugosin a, b	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
27477520-6	2016	In this study, seven ellagitannins were isolated as active compounds through activity-guided fractionations, and their DPP-IV inhibitory activities were measured.	Hydrolyzable Tannins	21-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-125
27693949-6	2016	Furthermore, DPP-4 activity correlated with waist circumference (r=0.279, p=0.034) and glycated haemoglobin A1c (r=0.483, p&lt;0.001), as well as with LDL cholesterol (r=0.854, p&lt;0.001) and total daily insulin dose (r=0.397, p=0.001).	Cholesterol	155-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
27583476-1	2016	CONTEXT: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, possesses pleiotropic vasodilatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties in animals, independent of its glucose-lowering properties.	Linagliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
27484974-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), glycyl-prolyl-naphthylamidase, is a serine protease that catalyzes the hydrolysis of various proline-containing polypeptides.	Proline	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
27484974-7	2016	In the present article, we present an overview of some basic facts about the role of DPP-4 in glucose homeostasis, the mechanism of its inhibition, and a brief summary of available DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	94-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
27684308-2	2016	We evaluated the oral initial combination of metformin and linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in this population.	Linagliptin	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
27783649-9	2016	Interestingly, we did not detect exosomal matrix metalloproteinases, but we identified abundant dipeptidyl peptidase 4, a serine protease whose activity was reduced on exosomes isolated from dexamethasone-treated explants.	Dexamethasone	191-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
27759084-1	2016	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
27759084-1	2016	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
27759084-7	2016	In HepG2 cells, vildagliptin, M20.7, and sitagliptin - another DPP-4 inhibitor - induced S100A9 mRNA.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
27298192-1	2016	Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, is approved for use as a monotherapy or in combination therapy to treat hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-49
27759084-7	2016	In HepG2 cells, vildagliptin, M20.7, and sitagliptin - another DPP-4 inhibitor - induced S100A9 mRNA.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
27711199-1	2016	OBJECTIVES: The DPP-4 inhibitors are incretin-related drugs that improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent manner and have been reported to exert favorable effects on atherosclerosis.	Glucose	92-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
27379733-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4-Is treatment is associated with improved vitamin D balance in people with type 2 diabetes; our findings suggest that vitamin D may underlie the link between DPP4-Is and bone metabolism.	Vitamin D	59-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
27379733-0	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and bone metabolism: is vitamin D the link?	Vitamin D	58-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
27379733-3	2016	Aim of this study investigated the relationship between treatment with DPP4-Is and vitamin D balance in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vitamin D	83-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
27379733-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4-Is treatment is associated with improved vitamin D balance in people with type 2 diabetes; our findings suggest that vitamin D may underlie the link between DPP4-Is and bone metabolism.	Vitamin D	135-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
27379733-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4-Is treatment is associated with improved vitamin D balance in people with type 2 diabetes; our findings suggest that vitamin D may underlie the link between DPP4-Is and bone metabolism.	Iodine	18-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
27379733-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4-Is treatment is associated with improved vitamin D balance in people with type 2 diabetes; our findings suggest that vitamin D may underlie the link between DPP4-Is and bone metabolism.	Iodine	18-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
27766241-4	2016	Gemigliptin (brand name: Zemiglo), developed by LG Life Sciences, is a potent, selective, competitive, and long acting DPP-4 inhibitor.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
27062036-1	2016	Glyxambi  (empagliflozin/linagliptin) is a fixed-dose, once-daily tablet combining a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Glyxambi	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
27062036-1	2016	Glyxambi  (empagliflozin/linagliptin) is a fixed-dose, once-daily tablet combining a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Glyxambi	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
27062036-1	2016	Glyxambi  (empagliflozin/linagliptin) is a fixed-dose, once-daily tablet combining a sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Linagliptin	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
27352309-0	2016	Teneligliptin, a Chemotype Prolyl-Thiazolidine-Based Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor with Insulin Sensitizing Properties.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
27352309-0	2016	Teneligliptin, a Chemotype Prolyl-Thiazolidine-Based Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor with Insulin Sensitizing Properties.	prolyl-thiazolidine	27-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
27352309-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Teneligliptin, a chemotype prolyl-thiazolidine-based novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, was preliminarily shown to reduce insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	27-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-114
27352309-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Teneligliptin, a chemotype prolyl-thiazolidine-based novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, was preliminarily shown to reduce insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	prolyl-thiazolidine	54-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-114
27570070-0	2016	Hybrid docking-QSAR studies of DPP-IV inhibition activities of a series of aminomethyl-piperidones.	aminomethyl-piperidones	75-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
27570070-1	2016	In this study, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition activities of a series of novel aminomethyl-piperidones were investigated by molecular docking studies and modeled by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology.	aminomethyl-piperidones	95-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-42
27570070-1	2016	In this study, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition activities of a series of novel aminomethyl-piperidones were investigated by molecular docking studies and modeled by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methodology.	aminomethyl-piperidones	95-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-50
27282621-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide observational study showed that second-line treatment with TZD and DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on medication to metformin were associated with significantly lower risks of mortality and cardiovascular events compared with SU, whereas basal insulin was associated with a higher risk of mortality.	Metformin	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
27766241-5	2016	Various studies have shown that gemigliptin is an optimized DPP-4 inhibitor in terms of efficacy, safety, and patient compliance for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
27339889-4	2016	Over the past decade, several new classes of glucose-lowering agents have been licensed, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
27372109-1	2016	Omarigliptin is a new once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
27372109-1	2016	Omarigliptin is a new once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
27372109-3	2016	It potently but reversibly inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, which prolongs the circulating half-life of glucagon-like peptide-1 that increases insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	156-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
27466703-4	2016	These include the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, of which omarigliptin is the second once weekly version.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
27466703-4	2016	These include the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, of which omarigliptin is the second once weekly version.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
27466703-5	2016	AREAS COVERED: The paper summarises key pharmoacodynamic and pharmacokinetic features and reviews the efficacy and safety trial data of omarigliptin, a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	136-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
27627081-8	2016	KEY WORDS: DPP-4 inhibitors - gliflozines - GLP-1 agonists - insulin - metformin - osteoporosis - sulfonylureas - thiazolidinediones - type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Thiazolidinediones	114-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
27703387-11	2016	Compared with SFU, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors gained 0.031 more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a total cost incurred over THB113,701 or US$3,449.67, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of THB3.63 million or US$110,133.50 per QALY.	thb113	135-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
27627081-8	2016	KEY WORDS: DPP-4 inhibitors - gliflozines - GLP-1 agonists - insulin - metformin - osteoporosis - sulfonylureas - thiazolidinediones - type 2 diabetes mellitus.	gliflozines	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
27627081-8	2016	KEY WORDS: DPP-4 inhibitors - gliflozines - GLP-1 agonists - insulin - metformin - osteoporosis - sulfonylureas - thiazolidinediones - type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Metformin	71-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
27627081-8	2016	KEY WORDS: DPP-4 inhibitors - gliflozines - GLP-1 agonists - insulin - metformin - osteoporosis - sulfonylureas - thiazolidinediones - type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	98-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
27703387-11	2016	Compared with SFU, treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors gained 0.031 more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a total cost incurred over THB113,701 or US$3,449.67, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of THB3.63 million or US$110,133.50 per QALY.	thb3	218-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
27264313-2	2016	In the present study, linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor with a large molecular weight and polarity, and MN6, a previously described TGR5 agonist, were linked to produce OL3, a novel low-absorbed TGR5 agonist with reduced side-effects and dual function in lowering blood glucose by activation of TGR5 and inhibition of DPP-4.	Linagliptin	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
27624168-1	2016	BACKGROUND: As a sub-analysis of the PROLOGUE study, we evaluated the long-term effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on endothelial function in the conduit brachial artery in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
27264313-2	2016	In the present study, linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor with a large molecular weight and polarity, and MN6, a previously described TGR5 agonist, were linked to produce OL3, a novel low-absorbed TGR5 agonist with reduced side-effects and dual function in lowering blood glucose by activation of TGR5 and inhibition of DPP-4.	Linagliptin	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	315-320
27264313-2	2016	In the present study, linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor with a large molecular weight and polarity, and MN6, a previously described TGR5 agonist, were linked to produce OL3, a novel low-absorbed TGR5 agonist with reduced side-effects and dual function in lowering blood glucose by activation of TGR5 and inhibition of DPP-4.	mn6	101-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	315-320
27600431-0	2016	Erratum to: DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic complications: role of DPP-4 beyond glucose control.	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
27410463-1	2016	The enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene family have the very unusual capacity to cleave the post-proline bond to release dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptide/protein substrates.	Proline	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
27410463-1	2016	The enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene family have the very unusual capacity to cleave the post-proline bond to release dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptide/protein substrates.	Proline	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
27410463-1	2016	The enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene family have the very unusual capacity to cleave the post-proline bond to release dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptide/protein substrates.	Dipeptides	142-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
27410463-1	2016	The enzyme members of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) gene family have the very unusual capacity to cleave the post-proline bond to release dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptide/protein substrates.	Dipeptides	142-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
27177784-8	2016	In comparison with the metformin-sulphonylurea regimen, adjusted HRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.55; 1.11) for the metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor regimen and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54; 0.85) for the metformin-thiazolidinedione regimen.	Metformin	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
27627193-1	2016	Omarigliptin is being developed as a potent, once-weekly, oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
27627194-1	2016	Omarigliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor being developed as a once-weekly treatment for type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
26433213-7	2016	DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a greater fasting plasma glucose reduction [MD = -12.59, 95% confidence intervals (-22.01, -3.17), p = 0.009] over the short-term; however, this effect was not present over the long-term.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
27177784-8	2016	In comparison with the metformin-sulphonylurea regimen, adjusted HRs were 0.78 (95% CI 0.55; 1.11) for the metformin-DPP-4 inhibitor regimen and 0.68 (95% CI 0.54; 0.85) for the metformin-thiazolidinedione regimen.	Metformin	107-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
26642301-1	2016	AIMS: To test the hypothesis that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in C-peptide negative Type 1 diabetes would reduce glucose variability and exposure to hypoglycaemia and therefore may indirectly enhance counter-regulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycaemia.	Glucose	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
27502495-10	2016	Rates of HEs with DPP-4 inhibitors were not significantly different versus placebo in any study.	Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives	9-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
27371673-5	2016	MCI was diagnosed based on criteria established by the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer"s Association workgroups RESULTS: Patients in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HbA1c, interleukin 6 (IL-6), CRP, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, and lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with subjects in the lowest quartile (P &lt; 0.001).	3-nitrotyrosine	222-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-167
27480840-0	2016	Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Use and Major Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated With the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Alogliptin.	alogliptin	156-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
27480840-3	2016	Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a recent acute coronary syndrome were randomly assigned to receive the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin or placebo added to existing antihyperglycemic and cardiovascular prophylactic therapies.	alogliptin	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-136
27395781-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) is a proline specific serine peptidase that plays an important role in different regulatory processes in mammals.	Proline	36-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
32454763-12	2020	Patients using DPP-4 inh, especially sitagliptin, should be evaluated carefully for pancreatitis risk factors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
27072669-8	2016	The glucose-lowering efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors was same in Asian and Caucasian patients, although the effect on HOMA-beta was inferior in Asian patients.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
27180969-2	2016	In the present post-hoc analysis, we assessed the influence of race on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and safety of monotherapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in two comparable, previously reported randomized phase III trials.	Linagliptin	189-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-177
27180969-4	2016	RESULTS: Linagliptin trough concentrations were equivalent across study and race groups, and were higher than half-maximal inhibitory concentration, resulting in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition &gt;80% at trough.	Linagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-184
27180969-5	2016	Linagliptin inhibited plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity to a similar degree in study 1 and study 2.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
27181699-1	2016	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: Trelagliptin is a novel once-weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus that was first approved in Japan.	trelagliptin	19-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
27338508-0	2016	Population pharmacodynamic analysis of hemoglobin A1c-lowering effects by adding treatment of DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients based on electronic medical records.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	112-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
27338508-3	2016	Of the 4 DPP-4 inhibitors used, we focused on sitagliptin as it had the best time-response relationships.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
27500523-6	2016	This was about half the effect seen with the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor, and equated to a dose difference of 550 mg of metformin, suggesting rs8192675 as a potential biomarker for stratified medicine.	Metformin	122-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
27320722-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity is upregulated in PDAC tissues.	pdac	62-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
27321385-1	2016	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are effective in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27321385-1	2016	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are effective in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27568179-4	2016	The new antidiabetic drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, are able to decrease and to increase glucagon levels, respectively, while contrasting data have been reported regarding the glucagon like peptide 1 receptors agonists.	Glucagon	147-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
27568179-7	2016	A possible explanation of the results with the DPPIV inhibitors and empagliflozin might be related to their divergent effect on glucagon levels.	Glucagon	128-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
27574456-1	2016	Teneligliptin is a recently developed oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor indicated for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults along with diet and exercise.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
27520566-4	2016	Here we describe a patient who developed drug-induced acute lung injury shortly after the administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	145-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
27520566-12	2016	The precise mechanism of her vildagliptin-induced lung injury remains uncertain, but physicians should consider that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-induced lung injury, although rare, may appear acutely, even within days after administration of this drug.	Vildagliptin	29-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-139
27570447-0	2016	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin, in healthy subjects.	Metformin	57-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
27570447-0	2016	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between metformin and a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, evogliptin, in healthy subjects.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	113-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
27570447-1	2016	Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
27570447-1	2016	Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
27570447-1	2016	Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Metformin	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
27570447-1	2016	Evogliptin is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is expected to be combined with metformin for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Metformin	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
27570447-9	2016	EVO + MET and EVO had similar DPP-4 inhibition efficacy, but EVO + MET increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 and reduced glucose to larger extents than either EVO or MET alone.	SCHEMBL9731684	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
27570448-0	2016	Treatment progression in sulfonylurea and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor cohorts of type 2 diabetes patients on metformin.	Metformin	114-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
27517889-1	2016	Linagliptin, a xanthine derivative, is a highly potent, selective, long-acting and orally bioavailable DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
27491540-4	2016	We found two specific water molecules that were common to 92 DPP-4 structures.	Water	22-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
27491324-3	2016	Sitagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor that preserves existing beta cell function and increases beta cell mass.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-46
27502601-0	2016	DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic complications: role of DPP-4 beyond glucose control.	Glucose	65-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
27031194-10	2016	Disproportionality was also observed for each DPP-IV inhibitor: vildagliptin (ROR 225 3, 95% CI 148 9-340 9), sitagliptin (ROR 17 0, 95% CI 8 9-32 5) and saxagliptin (ROR 16 5, 95% CI 2 3-119 1).	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
27031194-14	2016	The signal was higher with vildagliptin than with the other DPP-IV inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
27207543-0	2016	Quantification of the Contribution of GLP-1 to Mediating Insulinotropic Effects of DPP-4 Inhibition With Vildagliptin in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Exendin [9-39] as a GLP-1 Receptor Antagonist.	Vildagliptin	105-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
27207543-1	2016	We quantified the contribution of GLP-1 as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition (vildagliptin) by using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin [9-39] in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
27207543-1	2016	We quantified the contribution of GLP-1 as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition (vildagliptin) by using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin [9-39] in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
27388675-1	2016	AIM: To assess intraindividually the effects of DPP-IV inhibition on the subpopulations of immune cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) patients during the course of treatment with sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	183-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
27388675-5	2016	RESULTS: The blood plasma DPP-IV enzymatic activity was effectively inhibited during the sitagliptin treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
26266630-2	2016	We evaluated whether teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, affects left ventricular (LV) function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	21-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
26266630-2	2016	We evaluated whether teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, affects left ventricular (LV) function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	21-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
27193434-1	2016	We conducted this pilot study to examine efficacy and safety of switching from subcutaneous injection of insulin to oral administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	158-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
27429679-6	2016	The number of subjects who had taken high-dose metformin (&gt;= 1,000 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increased after the withdrawal or dose reduction of pioglitazone in both groups.	Pioglitazone	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
27429679-6	2016	The number of subjects who had taken high-dose metformin (&gt;= 1,000 mg) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increased after the withdrawal or dose reduction of pioglitazone in both groups.	Pioglitazone	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
27151177-1	2016	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Uncontrolled studies show sitagliptin, an oral DPP-4 inhibitor, may improve alanine aminotransferase and liver histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
27512877-8	2016	In contrast, in PD patients (n = 85), HbA1c was reduced more after 3 months of treatment with sitagliptin compared with vildagliptin and linagliptin (-1.58 +- 0.95, -0.46 +- 0.98, -0.04 +- 1.22, respectively, P = 0.001).There was no significant difference in the glucose-lowering effect between the different DPP-4 inhibitors tested in ESRD patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	309-314
27464858-3	2016	The synthetic GLP-1 RA exenatide, the human GLP-1 RA liraglutide, and the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin are the first agents in their respective classes to be approved for the treatment of T2D and their efficacy and safety has been studied extensively in clinical trials.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
27059001-0	2016	Effects of addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor to metformin on sirolimus-induced diabetes mellitus.	Sirolimus	75-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
27059001-2	2016	We tested the effect of addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor to MET on sirolimus (SRL)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM).	Sirolimus	91-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-61
27059001-2	2016	We tested the effect of addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor to MET on sirolimus (SRL)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM).	Sirolimus	91-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
27059001-2	2016	We tested the effect of addition of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor to MET on sirolimus (SRL)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM).	Sirolimus	102-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
27381080-1	2016	The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
27381080-1	2016	The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
27381080-1	2016	The inhibitors of CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4; DPP4) have been widely prescribed to control glucose level in diabetic patients.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
27381080-4	2016	DPP4-inhibitor (diprotin A or sitagliptin) increased the phosphorylation of Src and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in human endothelial cells and disrupted endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, which were attenuated by CXCR4 (receptor of SDF-1alpha)-blocker or Src-inhibitor.	diprotin A	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27381080-4	2016	DPP4-inhibitor (diprotin A or sitagliptin) increased the phosphorylation of Src and vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in human endothelial cells and disrupted endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, which were attenuated by CXCR4 (receptor of SDF-1alpha)-blocker or Src-inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27376699-12	2016	Treatment intensification with second OAD, particularly with a DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, resulted in good treatment response without tolerability issues despite delayed intensification of failing monotherapy across regions.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
27382546-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is wildly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mono- or combination-therapy.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
27382546-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is wildly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mono- or combination-therapy.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	164-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	164-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	164-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	164-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	187-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	187-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	187-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	187-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	187-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26919392-1	2016	CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DP4/DPPIV) is a surface T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPP4 enzymatic activity, cleaving-off amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	200-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
27533760-2	2016	By inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), gliptins prolong the GLP1-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta-cells and thus support physiological blood glucose control.	Glucose	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
27533760-2	2016	By inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), gliptins prolong the GLP1-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreatic beta-cells and thus support physiological blood glucose control.	Glucose	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
27431629-1	2016	CD26 is a 110 kDa, type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and is capable of cleaving Nterminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	129-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27431629-1	2016	CD26 is a 110 kDa, type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and is capable of cleaving Nterminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	152-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27431629-1	2016	CD26 is a 110 kDa, type II transmembrane glycoprotein with dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and is capable of cleaving Nterminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	165-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27366728-1	2016	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) inhibitor with a long terminal half life, significantly inhibits the DPP 4 enzyme at a steady state up to 48 h after the last dose.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
27366728-1	2016	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) inhibitor with a long terminal half life, significantly inhibits the DPP 4 enzyme at a steady state up to 48 h after the last dose.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
27366728-1	2016	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) inhibitor with a long terminal half life, significantly inhibits the DPP 4 enzyme at a steady state up to 48 h after the last dose.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
29244467-7	2016	Low levels of CD26 immune cells in the absence of their connection with the activity of ADA is typical for patients with FCPT and reflects their inherent failure of cellular immunity.	fcpt	121-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
29244467-8	2016	We can assume that the formation of complexes with the ADA ectopeptidases (CD26 and 5"-NC) for newly diagnosed IPT provides a balance CD26_ADA extracellular / intracellular adenosine and 5"-NC / adenosine and thereby adequate metabolism of immunocompetent cells.	Adenosine	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
26524980-0	2016	[Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and the risk of cardiovascular disease: The case of sitagliptin].	Sitagliptin Phosphate	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	1-23
27485843-1	2016	UNLABELLED: We present the results of an independent, drug company-unsupported follow-up of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	188-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-177
27108678-0	2016	Quantitative prediction of human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imigliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, using allometric scaling, IVIVE and PK/PD modeling methods.	imigliptin	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
27108678-1	2016	PURPOSE: To predict the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles of imigliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, in first-in-human (FIH) study based on the data from preclinical species.	imigliptin	76-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
27328054-0	2016	Trelagliptin (SYR-472, Zafatek), Novel Once-Weekly Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes, Inhibits Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) via a Non-Covalent Mechanism.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
27328054-0	2016	Trelagliptin (SYR-472, Zafatek), Novel Once-Weekly Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes, Inhibits Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) via a Non-Covalent Mechanism.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
27328054-1	2016	Trelagliptin (SYR-472), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, shows sustained efficacy by once-weekly dosing in type 2 diabetes patients.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
27328054-2	2016	In this study, we characterized in vitro properties of trelagliptin, which exhibited approximately 4- and 12-fold more potent inhibition against human dipeptidyl peptidase-4 than alogliptin and sitagliptin, respectively, and &gt;10,000-fold selectivity over related proteases including dipeptidyl peptidase-8 and dipeptidyl peptidase-9.	trelagliptin	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-173
27328054-3	2016	Kinetic analysis revealed reversible, competitive and slow-binding inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by trelagliptin (t1/2 for dissociation   30 minutes).	trelagliptin	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
27304951-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is the vital enzyme that is responsible for inactivating intestinal peptides glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which stimulates a decline in blood glucose levels.	Glucose	218-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
27304951-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is the vital enzyme that is responsible for inactivating intestinal peptides glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), which stimulates a decline in blood glucose levels.	Glucose	218-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
27326345-9	2016	CONCLUSION: Plasma fasting active GLP-1 is an independent predictive marker for the efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
26687195-2	2016	The objective of this cohort study was to thus evaluate the cardiovascular outcome in diabetic patients who received DPP-4 inhibitors (Sitagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	135-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
27106708-0	2016	The discovery of novel 5,6,5- and 5,5,6-tricyclic pyrrolidines as potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors.	5,6,5- and 5,5,6-tricyclic pyrrolidines	23-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
26671446-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 (CD26, DPP4) is a multi-functional protein involved in T cell activation by co-stimulation via its association with adenosine deaminase (ADA), caveolin-1, CARMA-1, CD45, mannose-6-phosphate/insulin growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFII-R) and C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXC-R4).	mannose-6-phosphate	199-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
26671446-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 (CD26, DPP4) is a multi-functional protein involved in T cell activation by co-stimulation via its association with adenosine deaminase (ADA), caveolin-1, CARMA-1, CD45, mannose-6-phosphate/insulin growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFII-R) and C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXC-R4).	mannose-6-phosphate	199-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
26671446-1	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 (CD26, DPP4) is a multi-functional protein involved in T cell activation by co-stimulation via its association with adenosine deaminase (ADA), caveolin-1, CARMA-1, CD45, mannose-6-phosphate/insulin growth factor-II receptor (M6P/IGFII-R) and C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXC-R4).	mannose-6-phosphate	199-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
27210264-1	2016	During the last decade, the armamentarium for glucose-lowering drugs has increased enormously by the development of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors, allowing individualization of antidiabetic therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Glucose	46-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
26938635-12	2016	Conclusions In this real-world study of patients with T2DM, CANA use was associated with greater HbA1c reduction and higher percentages of patients attaining HbA1c goals than those treated with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Canagliflozin	60-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-199
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Glucose	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Glucose	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
27076180-7	2016	Conversely, DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists gained market shares due to their efficacy in glycemic control as an add-on treatment to metformin.	Metformin	146-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
27076180-9	2016	Sitagliptin was the most preferred DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
27098503-0	2016	Renoprotective Effect of Gemigliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 1 Diabetic Mice.	LC15-0444	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
27114254-0	2016	Medium-Term Effect of Add-On Therapy with the DPP-4 Inhibitor, Sitagliptin, in Insulin-Treated Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
27114254-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: A 12-week prospective study was previously performed to assess the effect of add-on therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-148
27114254-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: A 12-week prospective study was previously performed to assess the effect of add-on therapy with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving insulin treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
27321309-5	2016	RESULTS: Multiple regression analysis adjusted for age, duration of T2DM, body mass index, serum creatinine, and HbA1c showed that serum DPP-4 levels were positively associated with visceral fat area (beta=0.25, p=0.04), but not subcutaneous fat area (beta=-0.18, p=0.13).	Creatinine	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
27321330-5	2016	Compared with none/placebo added to dual therapy, the addition of a drug therapy from six of eight drug classes to existing dual therapy resulted in significant additional mean reductions in HbA1c from -0.56% (-6.2mmol/mol; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors) to -0.94% (-10.3mmol/mol; thiazolidinediones).	Thiazolidinediones	285-303	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-246
27321333-7	2016	Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of MACE (OR [95% CI]=0.52 [0.36,0.76]) compared to sulfonylureas, while showed a trend toward increased risk (OR [95% CI]=1.89 [0.60,5.93]) compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	116-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
27321342-0	2016	Efficacy and safety of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy: A randomized open-label prospective trial.	saxagliptin	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
27321342-1	2016	AIMS: Saxagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that was approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in 2013.	saxagliptin	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
27137491-3	2016	Participants were treated daily with 100 mg sitagliptin, a clinically approved DPP4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
27209165-1	2016	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 that is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
27156529-2	2016	DPP-4 inhibitors enhance insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, which potentially reduces hypoglycemia risks during monotherapy or combination therapy with other antidiabetic agents.	Glucose	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
27156529-3	2016	Evogliptin (Suganon(TM)) is a new oral DPP-4 inhibitor developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
27156529-3	2016	Evogliptin (Suganon(TM)) is a new oral DPP-4 inhibitor developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.	suganon	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
27156529-3	2016	Evogliptin (Suganon(TM)) is a new oral DPP-4 inhibitor developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise.	Thulium	20-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
27222674-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is an effective oral antidiabetic agent as both monotherapy and when combined with insulin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
26876794-6	2016	Incretin-based drugs, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, stimulate GLP-1 receptors and thus augment insulin secretion in response to both oral and intravenous glucose stimulation, thereby abolishing any potential difference in the responses to these stimuli.	Glucose	205-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
26876794-6	2016	Incretin-based drugs, including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, stimulate GLP-1 receptors and thus augment insulin secretion in response to both oral and intravenous glucose stimulation, thereby abolishing any potential difference in the responses to these stimuli.	Glucose	205-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
26988064-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; EC 3.4.14.5; CD26) is a membrane-bound or shedded serine protease that hydrolyzes dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides with either proline or alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	190-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
27249660-5	2016	CONCLUSION: Triglycerides, DBP and KCNJ11 rs2285676 are predictors of the DPP-4 inhibitor treatment response in T2DM patients.	Triglycerides	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
27335432-4	2016	When myotubes were presented with leucine only, hydrolyzed whey protein, or chemicals that cause exercise-related signaling to occur in cell culture, all caused an increase in the mRNA expression of DPP-IV (1.63 to 18.56 fold change, P &lt; 0.05), but only whey protein caused a significant increase in DPP-IV activity in the cell culture media.	Leucine	34-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-205
26392074-8	2016	CONCLUSION: DPP4 inhibitor is a safer alternative to sulphonylurea in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who fast during the month of Ramadan as it is associated with lower risk of symptomatic, confirmed and severe hypoglycemia, with efficacy comparable to sulphonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	268-281	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
29879349-0	2016	[Synthesis and biological activity of substituted xanthines as DPP-IV inhibitors].	Xanthines	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
29879349-1	2016	In order to find more potential DPP-IV inhibitor, a series of xanthine-scaffold analogs of linagliptin, an approved antidiabetes drug, were designed and synthesized for SAR study.	Xanthine	62-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
29879349-1	2016	In order to find more potential DPP-IV inhibitor, a series of xanthine-scaffold analogs of linagliptin, an approved antidiabetes drug, were designed and synthesized for SAR study.	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
27347354-2	2016	Although there were no increased risks in composite cardiovascular outcomes, the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial reported a 27% increase in hospitalization for heart failure in diabetic patients who received the DPP4 inhibitor saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	215-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-204
27139004-4	2016	HbA1c reduction after use of DPP-4 inhibitors for 3 months was significantly greater in patients with a risk allele for type 2 diabetes (GG -0.4%, CG -0.5%, CC -0.8%, p = 0.02 for rs7754840 and AA -0.4%, AG -0.5%, GG -0.8%, p = 0.01 for rs7756992).	cysteinylglycine	147-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
26749529-0	2016	Efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24-week multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
26749529-1	2016	We assessed the 24-week efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that was inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	47-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
26894277-0	2016	Improved glucose regulation in type 2 diabetic patients with DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on alpha and beta cell function and lipid metabolism.	Glucose	9-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26894277-1	2016	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an established glucose-lowering strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
26894277-1	2016	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is an established glucose-lowering strategy for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26894277-2	2016	DPP-4 inhibitors reduce both fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels, resulting in reduced HbA1c with low risk for hypoglycaemia and weight gain.	Glucose	61-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26894277-8	2016	This review summarises the current knowledge of the secondary pharmacological actions of DPP-4 inhibitors that lead to improved glucose regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on alpha and beta cell function and lipid metabolism.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
26993495-7	2016	However, patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors had greater improvement in systolic (DeltaGLS: 3.6% vs 1.3%, p &lt; 0.001), despite no significant differences in weight, blood pressure or lipid parameters in both groups.	deltagls	92-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
26871938-1	2016	The enantiomers of vildagliptin, an orally available and selective dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes, have been separated by CD-modified CZE, using uncoated fused-silica capillary.	Vildagliptin	19-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
26923222-2	2016	Saxagliptin is a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that has emerged as a therapeutic option for T2D.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
25794984-4	2016	Therefore, this study will be performed to evaluate the effects of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
25829138-6	2016	Their main mechanism of action is to inhibit the degradation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide by DPP-4.	Glucose	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
26895560-2	2016	This study explored whether the novel adipokine soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) can cause endothelial dysfunction, an early marker of impaired vascular reactivity.	sdpp4	62-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
26895560-7	2016	The DPP4 inhibitors K579 and linagliptin prevented the defective relaxation induced by sDPP4, as did the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor GB83.	K579	20-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
26895560-7	2016	The DPP4 inhibitors K579 and linagliptin prevented the defective relaxation induced by sDPP4, as did the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) inhibitor GB83.	Linagliptin	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
27067162-5	2016	In exploratory analysis, statistically significant ROR emerged for DPP-4-I as a class (ROR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.05-1.29), saxagliptin (1.68; 1.29-2.17), vildagliptin (2.39; 1.38-4.14), and rosiglitazone (13.98; 13.30-14.70).	Vildagliptin	151-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
27067162-5	2016	In exploratory analysis, statistically significant ROR emerged for DPP-4-I as a class (ROR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.05-1.29), saxagliptin (1.68; 1.29-2.17), vildagliptin (2.39; 1.38-4.14), and rosiglitazone (13.98; 13.30-14.70).	Rosiglitazone	187-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
27105869-5	2016	Some glucose-lowering agents, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), have shown promising results.	Glucose	5-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
26988873-8	2016	Furthermore, potent in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity was observed with two peptides, LPVPQ (IC50=43.8+-8.8muM) and IPM (IC50=69.5+-8.7muM).	lpvpq	88-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
26988873-9	2016	Peptides present within the gastrointestinal tract of human may have promise for the development of natural DPP-IV inhibitors for the management of serum glucose.	Glucose	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
27134571-3	2016	We have developed a humanized monoclonal antibody YS110 against CD26 expressed in 85 % of MM cases.	ys110	50-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
27134571-10	2016	PMX rapidly induced CD26 expression on cell surface and the treatment with both YS110 and PMX inhibited in vivo tumor growth accompanied by a synergistic reduction in the MIB-1 index.	Pemetrexed	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
27134571-10	2016	PMX rapidly induced CD26 expression on cell surface and the treatment with both YS110 and PMX inhibited in vivo tumor growth accompanied by a synergistic reduction in the MIB-1 index.	ys110	80-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
27134571-10	2016	PMX rapidly induced CD26 expression on cell surface and the treatment with both YS110 and PMX inhibited in vivo tumor growth accompanied by a synergistic reduction in the MIB-1 index.	Pemetrexed	90-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
27111895-6	2016	In addition, the serum levels of sDPP-IV were investigated to evaluate the association of the SNPs of DPP4 with the sDPP-IV levels.	(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) diphenyl phosphate	116-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-106
27111895-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4 polymorphisms were associated with T2DM in Malaysian subjects, and linked to variations in sDPP-IV levels.	(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) diphenyl phosphate	109-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
27075625-2	2016	We discovered that common classes of drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the hypoglycemic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) saxagliptin and sitagliptin, as well as the antineuropathic alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), do not increase tumor incidence but increase the risk of metastasis of existing tumors.	saxagliptin	137-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-116
27040861-0	2016	Safety and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vs sulfonylurea in metformin-based combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis.	Metformin	76-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
27040861-1	2016	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylurea as adjunctive second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, inadequately controlled with metformin mono-therapy.	Metformin	220-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
26786780-7	2016	This study confirms the importance of GLP-1 for glucose tolerance after RYGB via increased insulin and attenuated glucagon secretion in the postprandial state, whereas amplification of the GIP signal (or other DPP-4-sensitive glucose-lowering mechanisms) did not appear to contribute to the improved glucose tolerance seen after RYGB.	Glucose	226-233	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-215
26786780-7	2016	This study confirms the importance of GLP-1 for glucose tolerance after RYGB via increased insulin and attenuated glucagon secretion in the postprandial state, whereas amplification of the GIP signal (or other DPP-4-sensitive glucose-lowering mechanisms) did not appear to contribute to the improved glucose tolerance seen after RYGB.	Glucose	226-233	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-215
26592960-6	2016	DPP-IV activity was measured in plasma with a colorimetric method using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide as a substrate.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	72-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
26914659-0	2016	Effectiveness of Ipragliflozin, a Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor, as a Second-line Treatment for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Who Do Not Respond to Incretin-Based Therapies Including Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogs and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.	ipragliflozin	17-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	274-296
26786576-2	2016	This study was designed to evaluate whether a protein preload could improve the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin to increase incretin concentrations, slow gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
26786576-2	2016	This study was designed to evaluate whether a protein preload could improve the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin to increase incretin concentrations, slow gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
26652227-7	2016	Moreover, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) mediated augmentation of glucagon by DPP-4 inhibitors could also protect against hypoglycemia.	Glucagon	86-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
27093207-4	2016	The SAVOR-TIMI 53 and the EXAMINE trials with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors saxagliptin and alogliptin were cardiovascular neutral.	saxagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
27093207-4	2016	The SAVOR-TIMI 53 and the EXAMINE trials with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors saxagliptin and alogliptin were cardiovascular neutral.	saxagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
28718546-3	2016	The objective of the study was to assess the effect of sitagliptin a (DPP-4 inhibitor) oral antidiabetic drug on blood sugar, body weight, blood pressure and dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
28718546-3	2016	The objective of the study was to assess the effect of sitagliptin a (DPP-4 inhibitor) oral antidiabetic drug on blood sugar, body weight, blood pressure and dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.	Blood Glucose	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
28879738-6	2016	Salvianolicacid C, ginsenoside Rg5 and timosaponin AI inhibited DPP-4 activity at the concentration of 5-50 mumol L-1 in a dose-dependent manner.	salvianolic acid C	0-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
28879738-6	2016	Salvianolicacid C, ginsenoside Rg5 and timosaponin AI inhibited DPP-4 activity at the concentration of 5-50 mumol L-1 in a dose-dependent manner.	ginsenoside Rg5	19-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
28879738-6	2016	Salvianolicacid C, ginsenoside Rg5 and timosaponin AI inhibited DPP-4 activity at the concentration of 5-50 mumol L-1 in a dose-dependent manner.	timosaponin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
26967923-5	2016	Taken together, anthocyanins, predominantly delphinidin-3-arabinoside, from fermented berry beverages have the potential to modulate DPP-IV and its substrate GLP-1, to increase insulin secretion, and to upregulate expression of mRNA of insulin-receptor associated genes and proteins in pancreatic beta-cells.	Anthocyanins	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
26967923-5	2016	Taken together, anthocyanins, predominantly delphinidin-3-arabinoside, from fermented berry beverages have the potential to modulate DPP-IV and its substrate GLP-1, to increase insulin secretion, and to upregulate expression of mRNA of insulin-receptor associated genes and proteins in pancreatic beta-cells.	delphinidin-3-arabinoside	44-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
27006706-5	2016	RESULTS: Following DPP-4 treatment there was a significant reduction in total serum cholesterol (5.18 vs 4.62 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein (2.89 vs 2.54 mmol/L), hsCRP (3.21 vs 1.95 mg/L), cAiX@75 (24.5 vs 22.3) and central systolic BP (131.8 vs 119.5 mmHg).	Cholesterol	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
26872429-1	2016	DPP4 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protease which is also released to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4).	sdpp4	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26872429-1	2016	DPP4 is a ubiquitously expressed cell surface protease which is also released to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4).	sdpp4	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-112
26872429-8	2016	To investigate whether the observed effects could be attributed to the enzymatic activity of DPP4, human adipocytes were treated with the DPP4 inhibitors sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
26872429-8	2016	To investigate whether the observed effects could be attributed to the enzymatic activity of DPP4, human adipocytes were treated with the DPP4 inhibitors sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	170-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
26872429-8	2016	To investigate whether the observed effects could be attributed to the enzymatic activity of DPP4, human adipocytes were treated with the DPP4 inhibitors sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	170-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
26975422-10	2016	DPP4 mRNA expression in BECs of snBA significantly correlated with exhaled nitric oxide.	Nitric Oxide	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27190600-2	2016	Taking advantage of X-ray cocrystal structures of sitagliptin and other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin bound to DPP-4, and aided by molecular modeling, we designed several series of heterocyclic compounds as initial targets.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
27190600-2	2016	Taking advantage of X-ray cocrystal structures of sitagliptin and other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin bound to DPP-4, and aided by molecular modeling, we designed several series of heterocyclic compounds as initial targets.	alogliptin	98-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
27190600-2	2016	Taking advantage of X-ray cocrystal structures of sitagliptin and other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin bound to DPP-4, and aided by molecular modeling, we designed several series of heterocyclic compounds as initial targets.	Linagliptin	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
27190600-2	2016	Taking advantage of X-ray cocrystal structures of sitagliptin and other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin bound to DPP-4, and aided by molecular modeling, we designed several series of heterocyclic compounds as initial targets.	Linagliptin	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
30603288-2	2016	Linagliptin and teneligliptin are dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors that do not require dose adjustment even in type 2 diabetes patients complicated by CKD.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-62
30603288-2	2016	Linagliptin and teneligliptin are dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors that do not require dose adjustment even in type 2 diabetes patients complicated by CKD.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-62
27402391-2	2016	The recommended dose of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin is 2.5 mg in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance &lt;=50 mL/min).	saxagliptin	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
27402391-2	2016	The recommended dose of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin is 2.5 mg in patients with moderate or severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance &lt;=50 mL/min).	Creatinine	137-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
26821795-5	2016	RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mannose 6-phosphate receptor, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate compared with participants in the lowest quartile (all p &lt; 0.001).	Creatinine	262-272	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
26821795-6	2016	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mannose 6-phosphate receptor, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (all p &lt; 0.001).	3-nitrotyrosine	107-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26822324-2	2016	We assessed the effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
26821795-6	2016	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mannose 6-phosphate receptor, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (all p &lt; 0.001).	iso-pgf2a	124-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26821795-6	2016	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mannose 6-phosphate receptor, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (all p &lt; 0.001).	Creatinine	236-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26754588-0	2016	Effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors on Hyperglycemia and Blood Cyclosporine Levels in Renal Transplant Patients with Diabetes: A Pilot Study.	Cyclosporine	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
26676330-10	2016	Regarding bone turnover markers, serum DPP-4 activity was positively correlated with serum calcium concentrations, intact parathyroid hormone, and serum C-telopeptide levels in all of the study subjects.	Calcium	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
27030119-5	2016	Clinical trials and meta-analyses have also demonstrated that patients treated with exenatide and, to a larger extent, with liraglutide are significantly more likely to achieve the composite endpoint of glycated hemoglobin &lt;7%, no hypoglycemia and no weight gain as compared to patients exposed to other diabetes treatment, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and insulin glargine.	Exenatide	84-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	337-359
26869191-1	2016	PURPOSE: Omarigliptin (MK-3102) is a potent, oral, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor approved in Japan and in global development as a once-weekly treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-91
26869191-1	2016	PURPOSE: Omarigliptin (MK-3102) is a potent, oral, long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor approved in Japan and in global development as a once-weekly treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	23-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-91
26754588-2	2016	However, the glucose-lowering efficacies of various DPP-4 inhibitors and their effects on blood cyclosporine levels have not been fully investigated.	Cyclosporine	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
27030121-4	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors, analogs of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and inhibitors of the renal sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 (SGLT2) are new classes of glucose-lowering drugs for subjects with T2DM.	Glucose	121-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
27030121-5	2016	The results of the cardiovascular outcome trials comparing the DPP4 inhibitors saxagliptin, alogliptin, and sitagliptin or the GLP-1 analog lixisenatide to placebo have demonstrated that these drugs are safe.	saxagliptin	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
26754588-3	2016	We compared the glucose-lowering efficacies of DPP 4 inhibitors and evaluate their effects on the blood levels of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients with diabetes.	Glucose	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
27042423-7	2016	Interestingly, another class of drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4I) effectively decrease glucagon and reduce EGP.	Glucagon	110-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
25753488-2	2016	The present Phase III randomized placebo-controlled double-blind, 24-week study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin added to metformin in Asian T2DM patients.	Linagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-143
27042279-1	2016	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of adding repaglinide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose levels were not sufficiently controlled by treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in addition to diet and exercise therapies.	repaglinide	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	242-264
26147768-2	2016	Recent pilot studies investigated the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors on liver function and glucose metabolism in NAFLD with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).	Glucose	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
27106831-6	2016	Three DPP-4 inhibitors have presented CV outcome data to date demonstrating overall CV safety yet the question of increased hospitalization for heart failure with saxagliptin remains unexplained.	saxagliptin	163-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
26826382-0	2016	Linagliptin but not Sitagliptin inhibited transforming growth factor-beta2-induced endothelial DPP-4 activity and the endothelial-mesenchymal transition.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
26925169-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The 52-week monotherapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the sulphonylurea glimepiride on early-phase insulin secretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not known.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-2	2016	We have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin can inhibit the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and ameliorate diabetic kidney fibrosis associated with the suppression of DPP-4 protein levels via the induction of miR-29.	Linagliptin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
26826382-2	2016	We have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin can inhibit the endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and ameliorate diabetic kidney fibrosis associated with the suppression of DPP-4 protein levels via the induction of miR-29.	Linagliptin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-190
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-4	2016	In the cell-free system, both Linagliptin and Sitagliptin inhibited recombinant DPP-4 activity in a concentration-dependent manner.	Linagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-4	2016	In the cell-free system, both Linagliptin and Sitagliptin inhibited recombinant DPP-4 activity in a concentration-dependent manner.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	205-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	205-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	205-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	205-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	205-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26826382-8	2016	Following the overexpression of pCMV-DPP-4-GFP and pCMV6-Myc-DPP-4 in endothelial cells, the proximity of Myc-DPP-4 and DPP-4-GFP was suppressed by Linagliptin but not by Sitagliptin, suggesting that only Linagliptin inhibited the homo-dimer formation of DPP-4 in endothelial cells; this difference in activity between the two gliptins could explain their diverse effects on endothelial cell biology.	Linagliptin	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26888822-11	2016	The pooling of adjusted estimates from observational studies similarly suggested (with very low quality evidence) a possible increased risk of admission for heart failure (adjusted odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 2.09) in patients treated with DPP-4 inhibitors (exclusively sitagliptin) versus no use.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	291-302	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	261-266
26426933-3	2016	Based on the similar binding modes of Alogliptin and Linagliptin, molecular operation was conducted via combining pharmacophore hybridization with structural optimization between the two market drugs and racemic compounds 40 and 43 were reported as DPP-IV inhibitors in our previous studies.	Linagliptin	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	249-255
26426933-7	2016	Molecular docking studies clarified the favorable binding affinity between compound (R)-40 and DPP-IV active site.	Allura Red AC Dye	84-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
26804641-0	2016	Factors Contributing to the Clinical Effectiveness of the DPP-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
26855580-0	2016	Does the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin reduce HbA1c to a greater extent in Japanese patients than in Caucasian patients?	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
26474870-2	2016	In this study, we assessed the efficacy and cardiovascular (CV) safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin as add-on to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
26695864-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin acutely modifies EPCs and monocyte subsets in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
26695864-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin acutely modifies EPCs and monocyte subsets in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
26695864-10	2016	Linagliptin abated DPP-4 activity by greater than 50%, significantly increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 and stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha, and reduced monocyte chemotactic protein-1, CCL22, and IL-12.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
26695864-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin acutely increases putative vasculoregenerative and antiinflammatory cells.	Linagliptin	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
26752504-9	2016	Intensification with a DPP4 inhibitor was associated with significant reductions in HbA1c (-0.5%), body weight (-0.9 kg), and total cholesterol (-0.1 mmol/L) (P &lt; 0.001).	Cholesterol	132-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
26599219-0	2016	Microvascular effects of the inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase IV by linagliptin in nondiabetic hypertensive patients.	Linagliptin	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
26599219-4	2016	METHOD: This was a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, mechanistic study, comparing microvascular effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor linagliptin with placebo in nondiabetic individuals with a history of arterial hypertension.	Linagliptin	142-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-131
26855580-2	2016	We aimed to compare the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily [bid]) between Japanese and Caucasian populations.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
26201485-7	2016	The incretin-based therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, are novel glucose-lowering agents used in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-79
26767505-2	2016	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycaemia and has a marketing authorisation for the treatment of T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
26767505-2	2016	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycaemia and has a marketing authorisation for the treatment of T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
26724938-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Oral antidiabetes medications, including dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) saxagliptin and sitagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).	saxagliptin	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
26982210-11	2016	Adjusted multivariate models showed that, compared to the SU group, adding a DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.48-1.68), while adding a TZD was associated with a reduced hazard (aHR, 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41-0.50).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	58-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
26982210-11	2016	Adjusted multivariate models showed that, compared to the SU group, adding a DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an increased risk of treatment failure (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR, 1.58; 95% CI: 1.48-1.68), while adding a TZD was associated with a reduced hazard (aHR, 0.45; 95% CI: 0.41-0.50).	2,4-thiazolidinedione	222-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
26982210-13	2016	CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In routine clinical practice, adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to MET is associated with an increased, earlier requirement for treatment intensification compared to adding an SU or TZD.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	194-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
26982210-13	2016	CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In routine clinical practice, adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to MET is associated with an increased, earlier requirement for treatment intensification compared to adding an SU or TZD.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	200-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
26982210-16	2016	In routine clinical practice, among patients with T2DM receiving a second line glucose lowering treatment as add-on to MET, the addition of a Thiazolidinediones is associated with the most durable glycaemic response, followed by a Sulfonylurea and then a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Thiazolidinediones	142-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	255-260
26981294-1	2016	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
26981294-1	2016	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
26201485-7	2016	The incretin-based therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, are novel glucose-lowering agents used in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
27048342-11	2016	CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitors cause a significant increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations and this effect is greater with vildagliptin than sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
26820308-4	2016	OBJECTIVES: To report 3 cases of DPP-4 inhibitor-associated BP, one of which is due to linagliptin use, as well as to review all currently published cases of DPP-4 inhibitor-associated BP.	Linagliptin	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
27928958-1	2016	BACKGROUND: We conducted a comparison between the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin versus NPH insulin as an add-on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) failing oral medications.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
27928958-1	2016	BACKGROUND: We conducted a comparison between the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin versus NPH insulin as an add-on therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) failing oral medications.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
27928958-9	2016	CONCLUSION: The use of either NPH insulin or a DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on treatments improves glucose control in patients with T2D failing on metformin plus glyburide therapy.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
27928958-9	2016	CONCLUSION: The use of either NPH insulin or a DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on treatments improves glucose control in patients with T2D failing on metformin plus glyburide therapy.	Metformin	141-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
27928958-9	2016	CONCLUSION: The use of either NPH insulin or a DPP-4 inhibitor as add-on treatments improves glucose control in patients with T2D failing on metformin plus glyburide therapy.	Glyburide	156-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
26628419-0	2016	Alogliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor, Prevents the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Study of Preventive Effects of Alogliptin on Diabetic Atherosclerosis (SPEAD-A).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
26721911-0	2016	Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibition Alleviates Shortage of Circulating Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Heart Failure and Mitigates Myocardial Remodeling and Apoptosis via the Exchange Protein Directly Activated by Cyclic AMP 1/Ras-Related Protein 1 Axis.	Cyclic AMP	207-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26125284-0	2016	The Beneficial Effects of the DPP-4 Inhibitor Alogliptin on Hemoglobin A1c and Serum Lipids in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	alogliptin	46-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
26125284-4	2016	In the present study, we investigated (1) the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin on HbA1c, blood glucose (BG), and serum lipid in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, (2) the relationship between the HbA1c levels at baseline and the effects of alogliptin, and (3) the effects of switching of the DPP-4 inhibitor to alogliptin after 12 months" administration of sitagliptin on glycemic control and serum lipids.	alogliptin	76-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	alogliptin	36-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	saxagliptin	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26589238-4	2016	In contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) decrease glucagon and EGP.	Glucagon	64-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
27357182-0	2016	Anagliptin, A Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Ameliorates Arterial Stiffness in Association with Reduction of Remnant-Like Particle Cholesterol and Alanine Transaminase Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
26607297-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as alogliptin are becoming more widely established as treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) because of their ability to improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	alogliptin	64-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
26607297-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as alogliptin are becoming more widely established as treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) because of their ability to improve glycemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	alogliptin	64-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
27904111-3	2016	We herein report a case that experienced restoration of a blunted HPA axis by avoiding hypoglycemia with the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	136-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
26878666-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptide peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as saxagliptin are established and efficacious oral therapies in the management of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
27252860-2	2016	Herein, we report a case of a young male, diagnosed with LADA based on both clinical presentation and positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-abs), which were normalized after combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) (sitagliptin) and cholecalciferol.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	262-273	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	220-242
27252860-2	2016	Herein, we report a case of a young male, diagnosed with LADA based on both clinical presentation and positive anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-abs), which were normalized after combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4) (sitagliptin) and cholecalciferol.	Cholecalciferol	279-294	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	220-242
26607352-4	2016	Our group has focused on and clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying DMC both in preclinical and clinical settings and has found the primary role of "dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4)" in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvasculopathy in the heart.	methyl carbonate	75-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-184
27642611-9	2016	In conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin may form a suitable glucose-lowering therapy option for Ramadan fasting patients.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
27499458-2	2016	We evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in subjects with T2DM and hepatic disorders.	Linagliptin	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
27642611-9	2016	In conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin may form a suitable glucose-lowering therapy option for Ramadan fasting patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
27642611-3	2016	New glucose-lowering classes like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are efficacious in controlling blood glucose level with less tendency to induce hypoglycemia and thus may constitute a good choice for diabetic patients during Ramadan.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
27642611-3	2016	New glucose-lowering classes like dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are efficacious in controlling blood glucose level with less tendency to induce hypoglycemia and thus may constitute a good choice for diabetic patients during Ramadan.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
27642611-9	2016	In conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin may form a suitable glucose-lowering therapy option for Ramadan fasting patients.	Glucose	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
27882332-2	2016	Our aim was to define the conditions that affect therapeutic success when dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is added to metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	127-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
27882332-2	2016	Our aim was to define the conditions that affect therapeutic success when dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is added to metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	127-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
27882332-7	2016	Patients who added DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin monotherapy had significant weight loss (P = 0.004) and FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly lowered during the first 6 months (both P &lt; 0.001).	Metformin	38-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
26546218-1	2015	A series of novel substituted-[(3R)-amino-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)]tetrahydro-2H-pyran analogs have been prepared and evaluated as potent, selective and orally active DPP-4 inhibitors.	-[(3r)-amino-2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)]tetrahydro-2h-pyran	29-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
27882332-11	2016	Our study demonstrates that in patients having inadequate glycemic control, the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor as a second oral agent to metformin monotherapy provides better glycemic control, protects beta-cell reserves, and does not cause weight gain.	Metformin	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
26915531-10	2016	Similar odds of experiencing an AE were found in both the DPP-4 inhibitor groups and comparison groups.	ae	32-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
26073221-8	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (iDPP4) are particularly useful in this age group, either as a second drug added to metformin monotherapy, or as first line when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated.	Metformin	118-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26073221-8	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (iDPP4) are particularly useful in this age group, either as a second drug added to metformin monotherapy, or as first line when metformin is contraindicated or not tolerated.	Metformin	163-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26603933-6	2015	We hypothesize that GLP-1 mimetics and/or DPP-4 inhibitors modulate ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in adipocytes through an LXR-alpha mediated process and thus affecting cholesterol homeostasis.	Cholesterol	162-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
26603933-7	2015	3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (2 nM) or the GLP-1 mimetic exendin-4 (5 nM).	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
26546218-2	2015	These efforts lead to the discovery of a long acting DPP-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin (MK-3102), which recently completed phase III clinical development and has been approved in Japan.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
26546218-2	2015	These efforts lead to the discovery of a long acting DPP-4 inhibitor, omarigliptin (MK-3102), which recently completed phase III clinical development and has been approved in Japan.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
26391252-2	2015	Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown robust blood-glucose lowering effects in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy have not yet been reported.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
26391252-2	2015	Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown robust blood-glucose lowering effects in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy have not yet been reported.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
26391252-2	2015	Gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has shown robust blood-glucose lowering effects in type 2 diabetic patients, but its effects on diabetic retinopathy have not yet been reported.	Blood Glucose	74-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
26218204-0	2015	An update on the clinical pharmacology of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor alogliptin used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
26218204-1	2015	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is a class of relatively new oral hypoglycaemic drugs used in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents, including metformin, pioglitazone, sulfonylureas and insulin with a considerable therapeutic effect.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
26218204-1	2015	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is a class of relatively new oral hypoglycaemic drugs used in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents, including metformin, pioglitazone, sulfonylureas and insulin with a considerable therapeutic effect.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26774018-1	2015	Combining insulin with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as glucose-lowering therapy for type 2 diabetes is a promising strategy that has gained considerable interest over the past few years.	Glucose	121-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
26438107-2	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) like sitagliptin are generally well tolerated in patients with T2DM and renal disease and therefore may be preferentially used in patients with CKD.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26625236-3	2015	Teduglutide, a DPP-IV resistant GLP2 analogue, is available a pharmacologic treatment, which stimulates intestinal absorption and can facilitate infusion free days.	teduglutide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-21
26048437-6	2015	Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors led to a significantly greater change from baseline in the HbA1c levels (WMD -0.30 %; 95 % CI -0.47 to -0.13 %, p &lt; 0.001) and fasting plasma glucose levels (WMD -0.50 mmol/L; 95 % CI -0.89 to -0.11 mmol/L, p = 0.01) compared with AGI treatment.	Glucose	177-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
26048437-10	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly greater decrease in the cholesterol (CHO) level (WMD -0.19 mmol/L; 95 % CI -0.19 to -0.19 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.001) and a significantly greater decrease in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (WMD -0.16 mmol/L; 95 % CI -0.26 to -0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.003).	Cholesterol	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26048437-10	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with a significantly greater decrease in the cholesterol (CHO) level (WMD -0.19 mmol/L; 95 % CI -0.19 to -0.19 mmol/L, p &lt; 0.001) and a significantly greater decrease in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level (WMD -0.16 mmol/L; 95 % CI -0.26 to -0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.003).	Cholesterol	91-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26048437-12	2015	The efficacy of glucose control and improvement of beta-cell function, as well as total CHO and LDL-C decreases, in DPP-4 inhibitor treatment were superior to those with AGI treatment, and there was a lower incidence of drug-related AE.	Glucose	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
26508675-0	2015	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, alters the subsets of circulating CD4+ T cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
26616595-0	2015	Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Predictors of Rapid Responders to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor as an Add-on Therapy to Sulfonylurea and Metformin.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	130-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
26616595-0	2015	Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Predictors of Rapid Responders to Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor as an Add-on Therapy to Sulfonylurea and Metformin.	Metformin	147-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Metformin	166-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Metformin	166-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	194-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
26616595-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor add-on therapy is a new option for patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes who are taking combined metformin and sulfonylurea (SU).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	194-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
26616595-3	2015	METHODS: We included 807 patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed a newly added DPP-4 inhibitor to ongoing metformin and SU in 2009 to 2011.	Metformin	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
26616595-3	2015	METHODS: We included 807 patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed a newly added DPP-4 inhibitor to ongoing metformin and SU in 2009 to 2011.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	130-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
26616595-10	2015	Patients who experienced hypoglycemia after taking DPP-4 inhibitor add-on were more likely to be female, to have a lower body weight and lower triglyceride and FPG levels, and to have higher homeostasis model assessment of beta-cells.	Triglycerides	143-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
26616595-12	2015	Proactive dose reduction of SU should be considered when a DPP-4 inhibitor is added for rapid responders and hypoglycemia-prone patients.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	28-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
26209038-0	2015	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, increases the number of circulating CD34+CXCR4+ cells in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
26209038-6	2015	Plasma levels of SDF-1alpha and IP-10, both physiological substrates of endogenous DPP-4 and chemokines, were significantly decreased at 12 weeks of sitagliptin treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	149-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
26467280-0	2015	Reduction of serum FABP4 level by sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	34-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
26816911-2	2015	Inhibitors of DPP-4 enzyme like Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin have shown Anti-oxidant properties in many studies, both invivo and invitro.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
26147347-0	2015	Anagliptin, a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: its single-crystal structure and enzyme interactions.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
26147347-2	2015	Two independent molecules were held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the absolute configuration of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine ring delivered from l-prolinamide was confirmed to be S. The interactions of anagliptin with DPP-4 were clarified by the co-crystal structure solved at 2.85 A resolution.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	117-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
26147347-2	2015	Two independent molecules were held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the absolute configuration of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine ring delivered from l-prolinamide was confirmed to be S. The interactions of anagliptin with DPP-4 were clarified by the co-crystal structure solved at 2.85 A resolution.	prolinamide	156-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
26147347-2	2015	Two independent molecules were held together by intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and the absolute configuration of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine ring delivered from l-prolinamide was confirmed to be S. The interactions of anagliptin with DPP-4 were clarified by the co-crystal structure solved at 2.85 A resolution.	anagliptin	213-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-234
26679969-25	2015	CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of commercially insured patients within a large managed care plan, canagliflozin was often initiated as second- or third-line therapy, with a relatively high share of patients receiving concomitant antidiabetic injectables, compared with DPP-4 initiators.	Canagliflozin	95-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	266-271
26816911-2	2015	Inhibitors of DPP-4 enzyme like Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin have shown Anti-oxidant properties in many studies, both invivo and invitro.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
26816911-4	2015	In the following study, Anticancer effect of DPP 4 inhibitors on colon cell lines (HT-29) using MTT assay- {3 -4, 5-dimethyl (thiazol - 2 -yl) -3, 5- dimethyl tetrazolium bromide} assay was elucidated.	monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate	96-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
26816911-4	2015	In the following study, Anticancer effect of DPP 4 inhibitors on colon cell lines (HT-29) using MTT assay- {3 -4, 5-dimethyl (thiazol - 2 -yl) -3, 5- dimethyl tetrazolium bromide} assay was elucidated.	3 -4, 5-dimethyl (thiazol - 2 -yl) -3, 5- dimethyl tetrazolium bromide	108-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
26816911-5	2015	AIM: To elucidate and compare the anticancer potential of two DPP 4 inhibitors using in-vitro MTT assay on colorectal cell lines (HT-29).	monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate	94-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
26195265-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves pancreatic beta-cell function in hypertensive diabetic patients treated with angiotensin receptor blockers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26195265-8	2015	CONCLUSION: Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin might exert beneficial effects on pancreatic beta-cell function in ARB-treated T2DM patients and its efficacy might be more pronounced in hypoglycemic drug naive patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
26467280-3	2015	Sitagliptin (50 mg/day), a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), was administered to patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 24) for 12 weeks.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
26467280-3	2015	Sitagliptin (50 mg/day), a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that increases glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), was administered to patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 24) for 12 weeks.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
26467280-7	2015	Treatment with recombinant DPP-4 increased gene expression and long-term secretion of FABP4, and the effects were cancelled by sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
26467280-9	2015	In conclusion, sitagliptin decreases serum FABP4 level, at least in part, via reduction in the expression and consecutive secretion of FABP4 in adipocytes by direct inhibition of DPP-4.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-184
26666159-1	2015	Trelagliptin is the first once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor in the world.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
26666159-1	2015	Trelagliptin is the first once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor in the world.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
26666159-2	2015	Trelagliptin inhibits DPP-4 activity with lower drug concentration compared with other once- (or twice-) daily DPP-4 inhibitors in in vitro study.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
26666159-3	2015	More than 70 % of DPP-4 activity is inhibited even 1 week after administration of trelagliptin administration in human study.	trelagliptin	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
25911273-7	2015	In Portugal, the use of fixed-dose combinations, especially with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4) increased remarkably and in 2013 represented almost a quarter of total GLD consumption.	4,6-DIDEOXY-4-AMINO-ALPHA-D-GLUCOSE	178-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
26867302-2	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are more and more prominent medications in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with five molecules commercialized and as many fixed-dose combinations with metformin.	Metformin	213-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26867302-2	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are more and more prominent medications in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D), with five molecules commercialized and as many fixed-dose combinations with metformin.	Metformin	213-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
26457538-0	2015	Effects on Clinical Outcomes of Adding Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Versus Sulfonylureas to Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	Metformin	97-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
26586327-9	2015	For the prolonged intervention, patients will be randomised to 12-week treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin or matching placebos.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	146-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
26552750-4	2015	RESULTS: 5-Fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and SN-38 (the active metabolite of irinotecan), as well as cisplatin, methotrexate and vinblastine, each caused decreases in cell-surface CXCR4 and concomitant increases in CD26 on HT-29, T84, HRT-18, SW480 and SW620 CRC cell lines.	Fluorouracil	9-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
26552750-7	2015	Orthotopic HT-29 xenografts treated with standard CRC chemotherapeutics 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin showed dramatic increases in CD26 compared to untreated tumors.	Fluorouracil	72-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
26552750-7	2015	Orthotopic HT-29 xenografts treated with standard CRC chemotherapeutics 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin showed dramatic increases in CD26 compared to untreated tumors.	Irinotecan	88-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
26552750-7	2015	Orthotopic HT-29 xenografts treated with standard CRC chemotherapeutics 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, or oxaliplatin showed dramatic increases in CD26 compared to untreated tumors.	Oxaliplatin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
26552750-9	2015	Analysis of cancer-initiating cell CD44 and CD133 subsets revealed drug-dependent responses of CD26/CD44/CD133 populations, suggesting that the benefits of combining standard chemotherapies 5-fluoruracil and oxaliplatin may be derived from their complementary elimination of cell populations.	Fluorouracil	190-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
26552750-9	2015	Analysis of cancer-initiating cell CD44 and CD133 subsets revealed drug-dependent responses of CD26/CD44/CD133 populations, suggesting that the benefits of combining standard chemotherapies 5-fluoruracil and oxaliplatin may be derived from their complementary elimination of cell populations.	Oxaliplatin	208-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
26457538-13	2015	CONCLUSION: Compared with sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with lower risks for all-cause death, MACEs, ischemic stroke, and hypoglycemia when used as add-ons to metformin therapy.	Metformin	177-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
26253804-3	2015	For this purpose, mucoadhesive porous silicon (PSi) nanoparticles encapsulated into a pH-responsive polymeric nanomatrix was developed for advanced oral type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy with an antidiabetic peptide, glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and the enzyme inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Silicon	38-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	299-303
26578430-4	2015	Saxagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that prevents the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and prolongs its actions on insulin and glucagon secretion.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
26297911-3	2015	However, no research has examined the connections or functions of LECT2 and the novel DPP-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, in NAFLD pathogenesis.	LC15-0444	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
24919467-2	2015	DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are oral glucose-lowering drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26267432-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: DPP4 promoted EGF-induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	164-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
26267432-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: DPP4 promoted EGF-induced epithelial cell transformation and mammary tumourigenesis via induction of PIN1 expression, suggesting that sitagliptin targeting of DPP4 could be a treatment strategy in patients with breast cancer.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	164-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
26475720-1	2015	Oral teneligliptin [Teneglucon  (Argentina)], a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	5-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
26032047-0	2015	Novel 4-heteroaryl-antipyrines as DPP-IV inhibitors.	4-heteroaryl-antipyrines	6-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-40
26032047-7	2015	Compounds with smaller- or medium-sized nitrogenous bridges were comparable with sitagliptin in terms of DPP-IV inhibitory activity, potentially via targeting Glu203 and Glu204.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-111
26224765-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with linagliptin and effects on hyperglycaemia and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal dysfunction: Rationale and design of the MARLINA-T2D  trial.	Linagliptin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26224765-5	2015	MARLINA-T2D  is the first of its class to prospectively explore both the glucose- and albuminuria-lowering potential of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes and evidence of renal disease.	Glucose	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-144
26543544-2	2015	The present randomized, phase III, placebo-controlled, double-blind, 24-week study evaluated the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, as monotherapy in Asian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
26507988-1	2015	Omarigliptin [Marizev( ) (Japan)] is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed by Merck for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
26507988-1	2015	Omarigliptin [Marizev( ) (Japan)] is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed by Merck for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	suganon	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	suganon	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
26541763-1	2015	Evogliptin (Suganon) is an orally bioavailable, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; CD26 antigen) inhibitor being developed by Dong-A ST for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	suganon	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
26541763-2	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors control glucose levels by preventing the breakdown of the incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which stimulate insulin secretion in response to the increased levels of glucose in the period following meals.	Glucose	25-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26541763-2	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors control glucose levels by preventing the breakdown of the incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which stimulate insulin secretion in response to the increased levels of glucose in the period following meals.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26310692-0	2015	Safety and Efficacy of Omarigliptin (MK-3102), a Novel Once-Weekly DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
26310692-0	2015	Safety and Efficacy of Omarigliptin (MK-3102), a Novel Once-Weekly DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
26031638-0	2015	Ameliorating effect of the novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin on psoriasis: A report of two cases.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	66-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
26031638-2	2015	Although various dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been widely used and assumed to be administrated in many patients with psoriasis accompanied by type 2 diabetic mellitus, only two studies have shown that sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved the cutaneous symptom of psoriasis independently of its antihyperglycemic effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	211-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
26031638-2	2015	Although various dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been widely used and assumed to be administrated in many patients with psoriasis accompanied by type 2 diabetic mellitus, only two studies have shown that sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, improved the cutaneous symptom of psoriasis independently of its antihyperglycemic effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	211-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-248
26031638-3	2015	We report two cases of psoriatic skin lesions that obviously ameliorated after initiation of therapy with teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	106-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-151
26399297-4	2015	Analyses of the main interactions in the active site of DPP-4, in particular, the contribution of the hydroxyl coordination between Tyr547 and Ser630 by the water molecule, which is described in the literature as important for the coordinated interactions in the active site, were performed.	Hydroxyl Radical	102-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25350950-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Intrahepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4), and circulating DPP4 (cDPP4) levels and its enzymatic activity, are increased in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity.	cdpp4	92-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
26399297-4	2015	Analyses of the main interactions in the active site of DPP-4, in particular, the contribution of the hydroxyl coordination between Tyr547 and Ser630 by the water molecule, which is described in the literature as important for the coordinated interactions in the active site, were performed.	Water	157-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25555492-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of the combined therapy with metformin and dapagliflozin, a new oral anti-diabetic drug with an insulin-independent mechanism of action, in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to DPP4 inhibitors, sulphonylureas and thiazolidindiones, also combined with metformin.	dapagliflozin	79-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-241
25787859-0	2015	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives as Novel DPP-4 Inhibitors.	imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine	47-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
25787859-1	2015	A new series of DPP-4 inhibitors with imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine scaffold were designed by exploiting scaffold hopping strategy and docking study.	imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine	38-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
25787859-3	2015	Further, molecular docking revealed that compound 5d could retain key binding features of DPP-4 with the pyridine moiety of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring providing an additional pi-pi interaction with Phe357 of DPP-4.	pyridine	105-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
25787859-3	2015	Further, molecular docking revealed that compound 5d could retain key binding features of DPP-4 with the pyridine moiety of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring providing an additional pi-pi interaction with Phe357 of DPP-4.	imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine	124-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
26509887-3	2015	OBJECTIVE: We wanted to demonstrate that linagliptin reduces high glucose induced interaction between membrane bound DPP4 and CIM6PR in vitro and demonstrate reduction in active TGFss mediated downstream effects in a rodent model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy independent of high glycaemic levels.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
26509887-3	2015	OBJECTIVE: We wanted to demonstrate that linagliptin reduces high glucose induced interaction between membrane bound DPP4 and CIM6PR in vitro and demonstrate reduction in active TGFss mediated downstream effects in a rodent model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy independent of high glycaemic levels.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
26509887-5	2015	Using a proximity ligation assay, we show that CIM6PR and DPP4 interaction was increased by high glucose and reduced by linagliptin and excess mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) confirming that linagliptin is operating through an M6P-dependent mechanism.	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
26509887-5	2015	Using a proximity ligation assay, we show that CIM6PR and DPP4 interaction was increased by high glucose and reduced by linagliptin and excess mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) confirming that linagliptin is operating through an M6P-dependent mechanism.	Linagliptin	120-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
26509887-5	2015	Using a proximity ligation assay, we show that CIM6PR and DPP4 interaction was increased by high glucose and reduced by linagliptin and excess mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) confirming that linagliptin is operating through an M6P-dependent mechanism.	mannose-6-phosphate	143-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
26509887-5	2015	Using a proximity ligation assay, we show that CIM6PR and DPP4 interaction was increased by high glucose and reduced by linagliptin and excess mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) confirming that linagliptin is operating through an M6P-dependent mechanism.	Linagliptin	185-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
26474470-7	2015	In T2DM subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with significantly higher A1c levels, but were significantly lower in patients using monotherapy with metformin.	Metformin	156-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
26474470-10	2015	In normal subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with increased BMI, cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) levels.	Cholesterol	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
26474470-14	2015	Moreover, metformin monotherapy was associated with reduced sCD26/DPP-IV levels.	Metformin	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
26474470-15	2015	In normal subjects, sCD26/DPP-IV levels were associated with increased BMI, cholesterol, and LDL-c.	Cholesterol	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
26119220-3	2015	The majority of angioedema induced by DPP IV inhibitors occurs during concomitant treatment with ACEi and is therefore likely mediated by overactivation of bradykinin type 2 receptors (B2).	acei	97-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
26318108-7	2015	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, LDL-C, oxidized LDL, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, IL-6, hs-CRP, M6P-R and c-IMT (all P &lt; 0.05).	Triglycerides	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26318108-7	2015	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, LDL-C, oxidized LDL, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, IL-6, hs-CRP, M6P-R and c-IMT (all P &lt; 0.05).	3-nitrotyrosine	99-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26318108-7	2015	DPP4 activities were associated positively with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, LDL-C, oxidized LDL, nitrotyrosine, 8-iso-PGF2a, IL-6, hs-CRP, M6P-R and c-IMT (all P &lt; 0.05).	8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha	114-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25840943-3	2015	Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models to compare the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination to the sulfonylurea-metformin combination so as to study the risk for a composite endpoint consisting of myocardial infarction, stroke and all-cause mortality.	Metformin	139-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
25840943-6	2015	The crude incidence rates (95% CIs) of the composite endpoint were 1.2% (0.8% to 1.7%) and 2.2% (1.9% to 2.5%) per year for the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin and sulfonylurea-metformin combinations, respectively.	Metformin	144-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
25840943-6	2015	The crude incidence rates (95% CIs) of the composite endpoint were 1.2% (0.8% to 1.7%) and 2.2% (1.9% to 2.5%) per year for the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin and sulfonylurea-metformin combinations, respectively.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	158-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
25840943-6	2015	The crude incidence rates (95% CIs) of the composite endpoint were 1.2% (0.8% to 1.7%) and 2.2% (1.9% to 2.5%) per year for the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin and sulfonylurea-metformin combinations, respectively.	Metformin	171-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
25840943-7	2015	In the high-dimensional propensity score-adjusted model, the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination was associated with a 38% decreased risk for the composite endpoint (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98), compared with the sulfonylurea-metformin combination.	Metformin	88-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
25840943-7	2015	In the high-dimensional propensity score-adjusted model, the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination was associated with a 38% decreased risk for the composite endpoint (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98), compared with the sulfonylurea-metformin combination.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	238-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
25840943-7	2015	In the high-dimensional propensity score-adjusted model, the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor-metformin combination was associated with a 38% decreased risk for the composite endpoint (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.98), compared with the sulfonylurea-metformin combination.	Metformin	251-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
25840943-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The use of a DPP-4 inhibitor combination with metformin, compared with a sulfonylurea-metformin combination, was associated with decreased risks for major cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.	Metformin	59-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
25555492-8	2015	RESULTS: In the main analysis comparing dapagliflozin with DPP4 inhibitors, dapagliflozin resulted in a treatment option that would provide a slightly higher effectiveness (0.019 QALY) and lower overall associated costs (-$42).	dapagliflozin	76-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
25368904-0	2015	DPP-4 Inhibitor Teneligliptin Improves Insulin Resistance and Serum Lipid Profile in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26403305-1	2015	Saxagliptin (Onglyza( )) is a highly potent, reversible, competitive dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
25866098-13	2015	A dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor might be a preferable treatment for the DM patients with HD in terms of the mean and SD of PBG.	pbg	127-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	2-25
26259132-8	2015	DPP4 activities were associated positively with triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, hs-CRP, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and negatively with active GLP-1 and BMD (P &lt; .05).	Cholesterol	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26566494-2	2015	Beyond their glucose-lowering effects, numerous clinical trials and experimental studies have suggested that DPP4 inhibitors may exert cardioprotective effects through their pleiotropic actions via glucagon-like peptide 1-dependent mechanisms or involving other substrates.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-113
26566494-8	2015	The CV outcomes of an ongoing linagliptin trial are expected to provide new evidence about the CV effects of a DPP4-inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
26173919-2	2015	The eight available DPP-4 inhibitors, including alogliptin, anagliptin, gemigliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, and vildagliptin, are small molecules used orally with identical mechanism of action and similar safety profiles in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	143-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
26173919-3	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas.	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26173919-3	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas.	Metformin	127-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26173919-3	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas.	Thiazolidinediones	138-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26173919-3	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy or in double or triple combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents such as metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	161-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26259132-7	2015	RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and lower BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and active GLP-1 compared with participants in the lowest quartile (P &lt; .05).	Triglycerides	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
26350766-1	2015	BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin (a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor) on glucose metabolism and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with newly-diagnosed, drug-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-116
26259132-7	2015	RESULTS: Participants in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and lower BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) and active GLP-1 compared with participants in the lowest quartile (P &lt; .05).	Cholesterol	94-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
26259132-8	2015	DPP4 activities were associated positively with triglyceride, total cholesterol, HOMA-IR, IL-6, hs-CRP, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin and negatively with active GLP-1 and BMD (P &lt; .05).	Triglycerides	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
26187356-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by gemigliptin prevents abnormal vascular remodeling via NF-E2-related factor 2 activation.	LC15-0444	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26187356-2	2015	Several studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors including sitagliptin have beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction involving reactive oxygen species.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
26187356-2	2015	Several studies have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors including sitagliptin have beneficial effects in atherosclerosis and cardiac infarction involving reactive oxygen species.	Reactive Oxygen Species	147-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
26187356-7	2015	The anti-proliferative role of gemigliptin disappeared with DPP-4 siRNA knockdown, indicating that the endogenous DPP-4 in VSMCs contributed to the effect of gemigliptin.	LC15-0444	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
26187356-7	2015	The anti-proliferative role of gemigliptin disappeared with DPP-4 siRNA knockdown, indicating that the endogenous DPP-4 in VSMCs contributed to the effect of gemigliptin.	LC15-0444	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
26187356-7	2015	The anti-proliferative role of gemigliptin disappeared with DPP-4 siRNA knockdown, indicating that the endogenous DPP-4 in VSMCs contributed to the effect of gemigliptin.	LC15-0444	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
26296465-6	2015	Furthermore, we identified that cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside as the DPP IV inhibitor in aronia juice.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	32-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
26296465-7	2015	DPP IV was inhibited more strongly by cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside than by cyanidin and cyanidin 3-glucoside.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	38-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
26296465-7	2015	DPP IV was inhibited more strongly by cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside than by cyanidin and cyanidin 3-glucoside.	cyanidin	38-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
26296465-7	2015	DPP IV was inhibited more strongly by cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside than by cyanidin and cyanidin 3-glucoside.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	85-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
26296465-8	2015	The results suggest that DPP IV is inhibited by cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside present in aronia juice.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	48-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
26296465-9	2015	The antidiabetic effect of aronia juice may be mediated through DPP IV inhibition by cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	85-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
26749699-5	2015	After melformine use, sulfoaylurea may he used as the second line treatment DPP-4 inhibitors are the third line treatment GLP-1 analogs have to be kept for patients with complicated overweight and an HbA1c above 1% over target	sulfoaylurea	22-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
26254108-4	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) lower blood glucose by protecting the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from enzymatic degradation, thereby restoring meal-stimulated insulin release.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26396526-2	2015	Linagliptin, a member of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor class, is unique in its nonlinear pharmacokinetics with the characteristics of rapid attainment of steady state, little accumulation, predominantly nonrenal route of elimination, prolonged terminal half-life, and sustained inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
26396526-2	2015	Linagliptin, a member of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor class, is unique in its nonlinear pharmacokinetics with the characteristics of rapid attainment of steady state, little accumulation, predominantly nonrenal route of elimination, prolonged terminal half-life, and sustained inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	295-317
26350766-1	2015	BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin (a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor) on glucose metabolism and beta-cell function in Chinese patients with newly-diagnosed, drug-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-116
26323340-1	2015	Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi( )) is a once-daily sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination product that is approved in the USA as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) when treatment with both empagliflozin and linagliptin is appropriate.	empagliflozin	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-143
26198273-3	2015	Truncation of ApoC1 has been postulated to result from the action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the target of a new class of diabetes drugs that includes sitagliptin phosphate.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	159-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
26198273-3	2015	Truncation of ApoC1 has been postulated to result from the action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the target of a new class of diabetes drugs that includes sitagliptin phosphate.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	159-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
26198273-5	2015	Results indicated a dramatic change in ApoC1 truncation, consistent with a high level of DPP-4 inhibition by sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	109-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
25960304-0	2015	Kidney Disease End Points in a Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient-Level Data From a Large Clinical Trials Program of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor Linagliptin in Type 2 Diabetes.	Linagliptin	157-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-146
25960304-2	2015	STUDY DESIGN: Individual patient-level data pooled analysis of 13 phase 2 or 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	181-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-170
26323340-1	2015	Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi( )) is a once-daily sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination product that is approved in the USA as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) when treatment with both empagliflozin and linagliptin is appropriate.	Linagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-143
26323340-1	2015	Empagliflozin/linagliptin (Glyxambi( )) is a once-daily sodium glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination product that is approved in the USA as an adjunct to diet and exercise in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) when treatment with both empagliflozin and linagliptin is appropriate.	Glyxambi	27-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-143
26323340-6	2015	As the first SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination available, empagliflozin/linagliptin is a useful new option for patients with T2D.	empagliflozin	79-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
26323340-6	2015	As the first SGLT2 inhibitor/DPP-4 inhibitor fixed-dose combination available, empagliflozin/linagliptin is a useful new option for patients with T2D.	Linagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
25297967-10	2015	We thus treated CD26 knockdown cells with ABT-737, a Bcl-xL/-2/-w inhibitor, and observed that the synthetic lethal interaction of combined Bcl-xL and CD26 inhibition induced significant apoptosis and impaired cellular viability.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
25297967-10	2015	We thus treated CD26 knockdown cells with ABT-737, a Bcl-xL/-2/-w inhibitor, and observed that the synthetic lethal interaction of combined Bcl-xL and CD26 inhibition induced significant apoptosis and impaired cellular viability.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-155
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	acq-6	192-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
26224337-0	2015	Teneligliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Improves Early-Phase Insulin Secretion in Drug-Naive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
26224337-2	2015	We investigated the changes in insulin secretion before and after treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin in patients with T2D with a low insulinogenic index (IGI) determined by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	101-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
26178986-2	2015	We compared SIVsab-induced changes of markers related to ADO production (CD39 and CD73) and breakdown (CD26 and adenosine deaminase) on T cells from blood, lymph nodes, and intestine collected from pigtailed macaques (PTMs) and African green monkeys (AGMs) that experience different SIVsab infection outcomes.	sivsab	12-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-107
26323066-0	2015	Evidence for antifibrotic incretin-independent effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
26323066-2	2015	Linagliptin was originally developed to lower blood glucose by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
26323066-2	2015	Linagliptin was originally developed to lower blood glucose by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
26323066-2	2015	Linagliptin was originally developed to lower blood glucose by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Glucose	52-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
26323066-5	2015	report that linagliptin directly targets interaction of DPP-4 with integrin beta1, preventing endothelial-mesenchymal transition and ultimately renal fibrosis, providing additional rationale for use of linagliptin in diabetic nephropathy.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
26323066-5	2015	report that linagliptin directly targets interaction of DPP-4 with integrin beta1, preventing endothelial-mesenchymal transition and ultimately renal fibrosis, providing additional rationale for use of linagliptin in diabetic nephropathy.	Linagliptin	202-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	acq-6	192-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	aqlq	203-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	aqlq	203-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	acq-6	359-364	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
26231288-16	2015	In patients in this subgroup who also had baseline serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) higher than the population baseline median, we noted additional improvements in prebronchodilator FEV1, ACQ-6, and AQLQ(S), and, in those with periostin concentrations higher than the median, we noted improvements in asthma exacerbation rate, prebronchodilator FEV1, and ACQ-6.	acq-6	359-364	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
26962605-8	2015	Alogliptin is the fourth DPP-4 inhibitor to be introduced in Canada after sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
26291537-1	2015	The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) via specific inhibitors is known to result in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased accumulation of hepatic fat in type II diabetic human patients.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
26291537-1	2015	The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) via specific inhibitors is known to result in improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and decreased accumulation of hepatic fat in type II diabetic human patients.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
26216974-5	2015	Importantly, using mice transduced with adenovirus expressing human CD26 and infected with MERS-CoV, we show that LCA60 can effectively protect in both prophylactic and postexposure settings.	lca60	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
26316706-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of metformin monotherapy or combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) on apelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	154-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-142
26962596-7	2015	Alogliptin is the fourth DPP-4 inhibitor to be introduced in Canada after sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
26962596-11	2015	Of note, the Canadian Drug Expert Committee recommendations for the existing DPP-4 inhibitors have recommended listing for patients with inadequate glycemic control on metformin and a sulfonylurea who are unable to use insulin.	Metformin	168-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
26379674-5	2015	In this review, we discuss the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4inh), which are glucose-lowering agents used clinically and their role in diabetic kidney disease with specific focus on renoprotection and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease.	dpp4inh	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
26379674-5	2015	In this review, we discuss the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4inh), which are glucose-lowering agents used clinically and their role in diabetic kidney disease with specific focus on renoprotection and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease.	dpp4inh	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
26379674-5	2015	In this review, we discuss the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4inh), which are glucose-lowering agents used clinically and their role in diabetic kidney disease with specific focus on renoprotection and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
26379674-5	2015	In this review, we discuss the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4inh), which are glucose-lowering agents used clinically and their role in diabetic kidney disease with specific focus on renoprotection and surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
26312070-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), shows beneficial effects on endothelial function.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
26962605-9	2015	DPP-4 inhibitor/metformin fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are marketed for all four DPP-4 inhibitors.	Metformin	16-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
26073703-11	2015	Among SITA discontinuers, 44.1% switched to a preferred DPP-4 inhibitor, 9.2% switched to glucagon-like peptides-1 (GLP-1) or insulin, and 2.4% switched to metformin or sulfonylurea.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25913811-10	2015	However, caution is required, because DPP-4 inhibitors are a heterogenous class of drugs, with variations regarding strength and duration of action, as well as selectivity and cardiovascular safety profile, which may affect properties other than those important in glucocontrol.	glucocontrol	265-277	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26301196-1	2015	BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on insulin secretion and glucagon suppression in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
26301197-4	2015	RESULTS: After 12 months of DPP-4 inhibitor treatment, random blood glucose level, and HbA1c level, decreased from 167+-63 to 151+-49 mg/dL (P&lt;0.01), and from 7.5%+-1.3% to 6.9%+-0.9% (P&lt;0.01) respectively, without severe side effects.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
26025695-0	2015	Octreotide for hypoglycemia caused by sulfonylurea and DPP-4 inhibitor.	Octreotide	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
26025695-1	2015	We describe a type 2 diabetes patient with persistent hypoglycemia caused by sulfonylurea misuse on top of a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	77-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
26025695-3	2015	Since many patients are currently treated with DPP-4 inhibitors, the importance of octreotide has been increasing.	Octreotide	83-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
26164634-8	2015	Experimental results on the relatively novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors imply CV protective effects, but the non-inferiority trials published to date show an overall neutral CV outcome and a potential increase in HF by saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	236-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
26301063-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the patient preference and tolerability of oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) versus injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (liraglutide) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
26103461-3	2015	An efficient approach for the synthesis of the intermediate of the orally administered anti-diabetic drugs Alogliptin and Linagliptin in the DPP-4 inhibitor class was also developed.	alogliptin	107-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
26222679-9	2015	But in the presence of sitagliptin SiHa showed an increase in migration, indicating that, at least in part, cell migration is regulated by DPPIV/CD26 activity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
26222679-9	2015	But in the presence of sitagliptin SiHa showed an increase in migration, indicating that, at least in part, cell migration is regulated by DPPIV/CD26 activity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
26103461-3	2015	An efficient approach for the synthesis of the intermediate of the orally administered anti-diabetic drugs Alogliptin and Linagliptin in the DPP-4 inhibitor class was also developed.	Linagliptin	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
26229480-1	2015	AIM: We aimed to compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia leading to hospitalization (HH) and emergency visits (EV) for any cause in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4-i) versus those exposed to insulin secretagogues (IS; sulfonylureas or glinides).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	288-301	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
26229480-1	2015	AIM: We aimed to compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia leading to hospitalization (HH) and emergency visits (EV) for any cause in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4-i) versus those exposed to insulin secretagogues (IS; sulfonylureas or glinides).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	288-301	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
26229480-1	2015	AIM: We aimed to compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia leading to hospitalization (HH) and emergency visits (EV) for any cause in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4-i) versus those exposed to insulin secretagogues (IS; sulfonylureas or glinides).	glinides	305-313	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
26229480-1	2015	AIM: We aimed to compare the frequency of severe hypoglycemia leading to hospitalization (HH) and emergency visits (EV) for any cause in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus exposed to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4-i) versus those exposed to insulin secretagogues (IS; sulfonylureas or glinides).	glinides	305-313	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
26229480-11	2015	Adjusted EV rates were also significantly lower with all DPP4-i or with vildagliptin, as compared to IS (P&lt;0.0001).	.alpha.-Glutamylvaline	9-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-61
26229480-13	2015	CONCLUSION: HH and EV were significantly less frequent in patients exposed to any DPP4-i or to vildagliptin versus IS.	.alpha.-Glutamylvaline	19-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
26052984-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Data are lacking on the long-term effect on cardiovascular events of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, to usual care in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-125
30603256-0	2016	Complementary glucagonostatic and insulinotropic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors in the glucose-lowering action in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
26191473-1	2015	AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, for treating diabetes mellitus complicated by chronic liver injury.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
30603256-6	2016	The mean plasma glucose levels and M values were similarly improved in patients treated with the three DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
30603256-8	2016	In conclusion, complementary glucagonostatic and insulinotropic effects of adding DPP-4 inhibitors are involved in the glucose-lowering action of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes according to their insulin secretory capacity.	Glucose	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
25588592-11	2015	Group 1 had lower fasting serum DPP4 activity (25.85 vs 33.84 U/L, p&amp;lt;0.001) when compared to the second group.	Adenosine Monophosphate	69-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
25637172-1	2015	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-72
25637172-8	2015	The non-linear pharmacokinetics were described by a target-mediated drug disposition model accounting for the concentration-dependent binding of linagliptin to its target, DPP-4.	Linagliptin	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
25690671-4	2015	New treatment strategies have focused on both dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, which improve hyperglycaemia by stimulating insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent fashion and suppressing glucagon secretion, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which reduce renal glucose reabsorption and induce urinary glucose excretion, thereby lowering plasma glucose.	Glucose	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-74
25934525-1	2015	AIMS: To evaluate the effect of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content and body fat in overweight Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
25941160-0	2015	Combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with insulin-based regimens in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.	Linagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
30293498-7	2015	This novel formulation combines metformin, an insulin sensitizer, with linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme inhibitor.	Linagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
26115728-1	2015	Trelagliptin (Zafatek( )) is an orally active dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor developed by Takeda and approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-74
26115728-1	2015	Trelagliptin (Zafatek( )) is an orally active dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor developed by Takeda and approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	TRELAGLIPTIN SUCCINATE	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-74
26010513-0	2015	DPP-4 Inhibitor Linagliptin Attenuates Abeta-induced Cytotoxicity through Activation of AMPK in Neuronal Cells.	Linagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26010513-4	2015	Linagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which improves impaired insulin secretion and insulin downstream signaling in the in peripheral tissues.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-52
26010513-4	2015	Linagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which improves impaired insulin secretion and insulin downstream signaling in the in peripheral tissues.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
26010513-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest linagliptin can restore the impaired insulin signaling caused by Abeta in neuronal cells, suggesting DPP-4 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential for reducing Abeta-induced impairment of insulin signaling and neurotoxicity in AD pathogenesis.	Linagliptin	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
26024569-0	2015	Sulfonylurea Prescribing Patterns After the Introduction of DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
26339388-8	2015	Additionally, proliferating beta-cells expressed DPP-4 in DCHI, which was absent in the FCHI pancreas.	dchi	58-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
26024569-10	2015	In the multivariate model, age &gt;=70 years, male sex, nonwhite race, primary care physician seen, and concurrent DPP-4 inhibitor use were significantly associated with SU use.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	170-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
27418775-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are effective glucose-lowering agents that do not increase body weight and are associated with a low risk for hypoglycemia.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
27418775-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are effective glucose-lowering agents that do not increase body weight and are associated with a low risk for hypoglycemia.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25938633-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) improve glucose tolerance and may possess immunomodulatory effects because leukocyte CD26 cell surface receptors express dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25938633-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) improve glucose tolerance and may possess immunomodulatory effects because leukocyte CD26 cell surface receptors express dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	169-191
25938633-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin) improve glucose tolerance and may possess immunomodulatory effects because leukocyte CD26 cell surface receptors express dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26136686-6	2015	Enhancement of wound repair by DPP4 inhibition was prevented by the non-specific MMPs inhibitor GM6100 (5 muM).	gm6100	96-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
26166078-3	2015	The central systolic blood pressure (SBP) has become more important than the brachial SBP in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.This case report describes the effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on the central SBP in a 54-year-old woman with hypertension and DM.	Vildagliptin	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-210
26166078-3	2015	The central systolic blood pressure (SBP) has become more important than the brachial SBP in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.This case report describes the effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on the central SBP in a 54-year-old woman with hypertension and DM.	Vildagliptin	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
26166078-6	2015	Moreover, she presented better glycemic control.This case suggests an effect of DPP-4 inhibitor on arterial stiffness parameter (central SBP) in a hypertensive and diabetic patient, which shows a glucose-independent beneficial cardiovascular effect of this group of drugs.	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
26181549-1	2015	The cerebrovascular safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with ischemic stroke remains uncertain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
25828735-10	2015	This study shows that porcine DPP-IV is generally inhibited with greater potency by protein-derived peptides than is the human enzyme.	Peptides	100-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
26312005-3	2015	Sitagliptin is the first DPP-4 inhibitor to be marketed in India.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
26115092-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in type 2 diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has so far remained uncertain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
26115092-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in type 2 diabetic patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has so far remained uncertain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
25457473-5	2015	CONCLUSION: Both of these DPP-4 inhibitors, given as SPCs twice daily with metformin, lowered FPG after 14 days of treatment.	Metformin	75-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
26089691-3	2015	Using clinical trial simulations, we estimated the effectiveness of DPP-4 inhibitors in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in a population like that enrolled in the SAVOR-TIMI (the Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus - Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 53 trial.	saxagliptin	200-211	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
26089691-5	2015	The DPP-4 class was modeled with a meta-analysis of HbA1c and weight change, pooling results from published trials of alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin.	alogliptin	118-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
26089691-5	2015	The DPP-4 class was modeled with a meta-analysis of HbA1c and weight change, pooling results from published trials of alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin.	Linagliptin	130-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
26089691-5	2015	The DPP-4 class was modeled with a meta-analysis of HbA1c and weight change, pooling results from published trials of alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin.	saxagliptin	143-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
26089691-5	2015	The DPP-4 class was modeled with a meta-analysis of HbA1c and weight change, pooling results from published trials of alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	173-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
25871012-1	2015	The optimization of a series of fused beta-homophenylalanine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is described.	(S)-3-Amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid	38-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
25871012-1	2015	The optimization of a series of fused beta-homophenylalanine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is described.	(S)-3-Amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid	38-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
25871012-3	2015	The introduction of a sulfamine in the meta position of the phenyl ring improved the potency against DPP-4 (6-12-fold increase).	Sulfanilamide	22-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
25694217-1	2015	AIMS: To assess whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin affects glucagon and other counter-regulatory hormone responses to hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
25694217-1	2015	AIMS: To assess whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin affects glucagon and other counter-regulatory hormone responses to hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
25936384-2	2015	A unique fixed-dose combination combines a thiazolidinedione (pioglitazone) and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (alogliptin).	alogliptin	116-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
25667364-5	2015	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was a commonly used therapy for hyperglycemia after PT due to its wide availability and coverage.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
25667364-12	2015	CONCLUSION: Early treatment of hyperglycemia after PT with a DPP-4 inhibitor such as sitagliptin prolongs the time to insulin therapy compared with a standard observation approach.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
25652751-3	2015	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control in adult patients of all ages with T2DM, with a low risk of hypoglycaemia when used alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents that are not generally associated with hypoglycaemia when used independently.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
26000559-1	2015	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, was the first in its class to receive approval from the US FDA in 2006 for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
26072069-5	2015	In this review, we present data from animal researches and human clinical studies that showed GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors can decrease hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and improve hepatic steatosis, although some effects could be a result of improvements in metabolic parameters.	Triglycerides	152-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
26072069-5	2015	In this review, we present data from animal researches and human clinical studies that showed GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors can decrease hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and improve hepatic steatosis, although some effects could be a result of improvements in metabolic parameters.	Triglycerides	166-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
25736235-15	2015	Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	53-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
25840727-0	2015	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in black/African American patients with type 2 diabetes: Pooled analysis from eight Phase III trials.	Linagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
25736235-15	2015	Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
25736235-15	2015	Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	68-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
25736235-15	2015	Of the seven studies comparing DPP-4 inhibitors plus metformin with sulfonylureas plus metformin, six concluded that DPP-4 inhibitors were cost effective in patients with type 2 diabetes who were no longer adequately controlled by metformin monotherapy.	Metformin	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
26021829-0	2015	Effects of a DPP4 inhibitor on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.	Cisplatin	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
26021829-4	2015	Therefore, we will evaluate whether a DPP4 inhibitor protects the kidney from cisplatin-induced injury in humans.	Cisplatin	78-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
26021829-6	2015	A total of 182 participants who are scheduled for cisplatin treatment will be enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a DPP4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) or a placebo.	LC15-0444	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-133
26021829-10	2015	DISCUSSION: This is the first clinical trial to investigate the effect of a DPP4 inhibitor on cisplatin-induced AKI.	Cisplatin	94-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
26009231-5	2015	The need for new glucose-lowering drugs to show cardiovascular safety has led to the unexpected finding of an increase in the risk of admission to hospital for heart failure in patients treated with the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, compared with placebo.	Glucose	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-224
25765696-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The EXAMINE trial showed non-inferiority of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin to placebo on major adverse cardiac event (MACE) rates in patients with type 2 diabetes and recent acute coronary syndromes.	alogliptin	76-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
25995772-0	2015	Efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis.	Linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
25995772-3	2015	Here, we examined glycemic control and the anti-oxidative-stress effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing HD.	Linagliptin	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-108
26009231-5	2015	The need for new glucose-lowering drugs to show cardiovascular safety has led to the unexpected finding of an increase in the risk of admission to hospital for heart failure in patients treated with the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, compared with placebo.	Glucose	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
26009231-5	2015	The need for new glucose-lowering drugs to show cardiovascular safety has led to the unexpected finding of an increase in the risk of admission to hospital for heart failure in patients treated with the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, saxagliptin, compared with placebo.	saxagliptin	243-254	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-224
25999728-1	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin.	Metformin	150-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
25577052-0	2015	Analyzing a dipeptide library to identify human dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor.	Dipeptides	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-71
25577052-3	2015	In this study, we examined a total of 337 dipeptides with respect to their hDPPIV inhibitory effects.	Dipeptides	42-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-81
25999728-1	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin.	Metformin	150-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
25999728-1	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin.	Metformin	163-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
25999728-1	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors are oral antidiabetic agents that can be administered as monotherapy in patients with contraindications to metformin or metformin intolerance, and in combination with other oral compounds and/or insulin.	Metformin	163-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
25999728-2	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors act in a glucose-dependent manner and only increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion under hyperglycemic conditions.	Glucose	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25999728-2	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors act in a glucose-dependent manner and only increase insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon secretion under hyperglycemic conditions.	Glucagon	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25999728-4	2015	Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor with a hepatobiliary route of elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
25656169-1	2015	AIMS: To study the effects of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on glycaemic stability and beta-cell function in the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial.	saxagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
23665884-4	2015	Our objective was to evaluate, by means of retrospective analysis, the efficacy of once-daily metformin and vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in reducing blood glucose for patients on combination therapy.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
23665884-4	2015	Our objective was to evaluate, by means of retrospective analysis, the efficacy of once-daily metformin and vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in reducing blood glucose for patients on combination therapy.	Glucose	159-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
23665884-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been well established as an adjunctive treatment to metformin.	Metformin	99-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23665884-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been well established as an adjunctive treatment to metformin.	Metformin	99-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23665884-2	2015	Most guidelines recommend treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in addition to metformin in a twice-daily regimen.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
23665884-4	2015	Our objective was to evaluate, by means of retrospective analysis, the efficacy of once-daily metformin and vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in reducing blood glucose for patients on combination therapy.	Metformin	94-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
25852133-4	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent breakdown of incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and improve glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25775379-4	2015	The single-pill combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin offers a new and attractive option, given their complementary mechanisms of action.	Linagliptin	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
30298777-5	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are two newer classes of OADs that are efficacious and are less likely to induce adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones.	Metformin	274-283	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
30298777-5	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are two newer classes of OADs that are efficacious and are less likely to induce adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	285-298	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
30298777-5	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors are two newer classes of OADs that are efficacious and are less likely to induce adverse effects such as gastrointestinal reactions, hypoglycemia and weight gain when compared with metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones.	Thiazolidinediones	304-322	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
25838146-1	2015	Fourteen 3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione derivatives 1-14 bearing carboxybenzyl and 2-chloro/cyanobenzyl groups at the N-1 and N-7 positions, respectively, were synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-methylxanthine	9-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-205
25838146-1	2015	Fourteen 3-methyl-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione derivatives 1-14 bearing carboxybenzyl and 2-chloro/cyanobenzyl groups at the N-1 and N-7 positions, respectively, were synthesized as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-methylxanthine	9-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	207-213
25855222-1	2015	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin (Nesina , Vipidia ) is approved in numerous countries worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	37-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
25852133-4	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent breakdown of incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and improve glycaemic control in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25852133-8	2015	However, recently completed CV outcome trials in patients with T2DM and CV disease or at high risk of adverse CV events have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitors saxagliptin and alogliptin neither increased nor decreased major adverse CV events.	saxagliptin	157-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
27536665-27	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors are widely used in Japan and might have a higher glucose-lowering effect in Asian patients due to their specific diet.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25043156-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The glucose-lowering efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors was greater in Asian patients than in Caucasian patients, although the effect on beta-cell function was inferior in Asian patients.	Glucose	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
25361590-3	2015	By an in situ enzymatic activity assay, we show an abundant DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity sensitive to a highly specific DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin and corresponding DPP-IV immunoreactivity in the adult human islets of Langerhans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
25361590-3	2015	By an in situ enzymatic activity assay, we show an abundant DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity sensitive to a highly specific DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin and corresponding DPP-IV immunoreactivity in the adult human islets of Langerhans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
25361590-3	2015	By an in situ enzymatic activity assay, we show an abundant DPP-IV-like enzymatic activity sensitive to a highly specific DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin and corresponding DPP-IV immunoreactivity in the adult human islets of Langerhans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
27536666-25	2015	DPP-4 inhibitors are widely used in Japan and might have a higher glucose-lowering effect in Asian patients due to their specific diet.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
26137071-5	2015	Furthermore, exposure to 5-fluorouracil significantly increased the proportion of CD26+ cells in vitro.	Fluorouracil	25-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
25704082-7	2015	In vivo and in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition assays were employed to demonstrate the association between ezetimibe-induced GLP-1 change and DPP-4.	Ezetimibe	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
25704082-7	2015	In vivo and in vitro dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition assays were employed to demonstrate the association between ezetimibe-induced GLP-1 change and DPP-4.	Ezetimibe	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
25931826-2	2015	As compared to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) and sulfonylureas (SUs), which carry a higher and significant risk of hypoglycemia, newer antidiabetic agents such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have demonstrated lower risk of hypoglycemia during Ramadan fasting, with better patient compliance.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-194
25661535-10	2015	Therefore, the DPP-IV inhibitor, gemigliptin, may directly protect the vascular endothelium against inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.	LC15-0444	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-21
25661535-3	2015	The effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor, gemigliptin, were analyzed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and THP-1 cells.	LC15-0444	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-25
25931826-3	2015	In addition to diabetes education and pre-Ramadan assessments, the physician should also consider use of DPP-4 inhibitors (such as vildagliptin) during Ramadan fasting to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects.	Vildagliptin	131-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
25889498-7	2015	RESULTS: We identified 64,079 saxagliptin initiators (CPRD: 1,962; THIN: 2,084; US Medicare: 51,976; HIRD(SM): 8,057) and 610,660 non-DPP-4 inhibitor OAD initiators (CPRD: 19,484; THIN: 19,936; US Medicare: 493,432; HIRD(SM): 77,808).	saxagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
25914541-4	2015	Alogliptin benzoate is a newly developed, highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor which has been approved in many countries throughout the world.	alogliptin	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
25914541-5	2015	Once-daily administration of alogliptin as either monotherapy or combination therapy with other oral antidiabetic drugs or insulin has a potent glucose-lowering effect which is similar to that of other DPP-4 inhibitors, with a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.	alogliptin	29-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
25450725-0	2015	Human pharmacokinetic profiling of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor teneligliptin using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	73-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
25450725-1	2015	Teneligliptin is a type 2 diabetes drug that has an inhibitory effect on dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
25630605-2	2015	AREAS COVERED: An updated review providing an analysis of available safety data (meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, observational cohort and case-control studies and pharmacovigilance reports) with five commercialized DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, linagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	246-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
25894775-0	2015	Effect of Diprotin A, an Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, on Immunological Parameters of Lymphocytes in Intact Animals and Animals with Experimental Autoimmune Process.	diprotin A	10-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-61
25894775-1	2015	We found the peculiarities of the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor diprotin A on immunological parameters of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs in intact animals and in animals with experimental autoimmune process.	diprotin A	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
25664602-15	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin brings about a clinically significant decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels during 6 months of therapy unrelated to change in body weight.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
25597851-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 greatly contributes to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in human liver.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25597851-2	2015	In the present study, we determined the contribution rate of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
25597851-2	2015	In the present study, we determined the contribution rate of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
25597851-4	2015	Additionally, DPP-4 activities in each liver sample were assessed by DPP-4 activity assay using the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Gly-Pro-AMC).	h-glycyl-prolyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	120-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
25597851-4	2015	Additionally, DPP-4 activities in each liver sample were assessed by DPP-4 activity assay using the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Gly-Pro-AMC).	Gly-Pro-AMC	162-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
25597851-4	2015	Additionally, DPP-4 activities in each liver sample were assessed by DPP-4 activity assay using the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Gly-Pro-AMC).	Gly-Pro-AMC	162-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
25597851-6	2015	M20.7 formation rate was significantly positively correlated with the DPP-4 activity using Gly-Pro-AMC in liver samples (r = 0.917, P &lt; 0.01).	Gly-Pro-AMC	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
25597851-7	2015	The formation of M20.7 in mouse, rat, and human liver S9 fraction was inhibited by sitagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
25597851-8	2015	These findings indicate that DPP-4 is greatly involved in vildagliptin hydrolysis in the liver.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
25664602-15	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin brings about a clinically significant decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels during 6 months of therapy unrelated to change in body weight.	Triglycerides	150-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
25810423-4	2015	Recently, it has been reported that the combination therapy of mitiglinide with a DPP-4 inhibitor could improve glycemic control.	mitiglinide	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
25641023-6	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-Amino-4-Methyl Coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	83-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25641023-6	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-Amino-4-Methyl Coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	110-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25641023-6	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-Amino-4-Methyl Coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	[2-[(2S)-2-[(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]azanium	120-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25572605-5	2015	The now available incretin-based therapies, and more specifically the DPP-4 inhibitors provide the clinician with the possibility to reduce or eradicate both the dawn phenomenon and post-meal glucose excursions with minimal side effects.	Glucose	192-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
25834461-1	2015	Anagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that has been available in Japan since 2012.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
25425502-2	2015	METHODS: This was an exploratory analysis of data from a 2-year, randomized, double-blind study of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg once daily (n = 764) versus the sulphonylurea glimepiride 1-4 mg once daily (n = 755) in patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled by metformin.	Linagliptin	136-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-125
25638569-3	2015	Several natural and (semi) synthetic chalcones deserve the credit of being potential candidates that act by modulating the therapeutic targets PPAR-gamma, DPP-4, alpha-glucosidase, PTP1B, aldose reductase, and stimulate insulin secretion and tissue sensitivity.	Chalcones	37-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
25475929-0	2015	Efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, combined with metformin in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
25362864-1	2015	BACKGROUND: DA-1229 is a novel, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitor that is orally bioavailable.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
25362864-1	2015	BACKGROUND: DA-1229 is a novel, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitor that is orally bioavailable.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	12-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
25802724-3	2015	The present pilot study determined the effects of 12-week treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on liver fat content in type 2 diabetes with fatty liver.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
26009645-0	2015	Comparative Study to Predict Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Activity of beta-Amino Amide Scaffold.	beta-amino amide	76-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
26009645-1	2015	Comparative study was performed on 34 beta-amino amide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors in order to determine their structural requirement to enhance the antidiabetic activities.	beta-amino amide	38-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
24889731-14	2015	glucose infusion, amplifying the differences in the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and glimepiride on insulin secretion.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
25294850-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Recent evidence supports a protective role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors in lowering microalbuminuria (MAU) in diabetes but till now few studies have investigated the associations between DPP4 activity and MAU in nondiabetic Chinese individuals.	aurodox	129-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
25754657-5	2015	The antihyperglycemic effects of gliptins are attributed to inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme, thereby prolonging the half-life (t1/2 ) of incretin hormones (substrates) to promote glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	Glucose	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
25609193-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Trelagliptin is a novel once-weekly oral DPP-4 inhibitor.	trelagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
25609193-22	2015	INTERPRETATION: The once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor trelagliptin showed similar efficacy and safety to alogliptin once daily in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	trelagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
25812382-2	2015	Recent clinical application of DPP4 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist gave attention to glucagon again.	Glucagon	91-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
25812383-6	2015	Trelagliptin is a long acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor and a once-weekly treatment by trelagliptin would improve the drug adherence of patients.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
25812383-6	2015	Trelagliptin is a long acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor and a once-weekly treatment by trelagliptin would improve the drug adherence of patients.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
25294850-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Recent evidence supports a protective role of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors in lowering microalbuminuria (MAU) in diabetes but till now few studies have investigated the associations between DPP4 activity and MAU in nondiabetic Chinese individuals.	aurodox	129-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
25294850-7	2015	At baseline, individuals in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with individuals in the lowest quartile.	Cholesterol	208-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
25294850-7	2015	At baseline, individuals in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher age, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared with individuals in the lowest quartile.	Creatinine	292-302	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
25687897-8	2015	INTERVENTIONS: Any DPP-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin or alogliptin).	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
25635612-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26) are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and better glucose tolerance has been confirmed in functionally DPP4-deficient congenic rats (DPP4mut), along with immunological alterations and, interestingly, a stress-resilient phenotype.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
25635612-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26) are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and better glucose tolerance has been confirmed in functionally DPP4-deficient congenic rats (DPP4mut), along with immunological alterations and, interestingly, a stress-resilient phenotype.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
25635612-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26) are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and better glucose tolerance has been confirmed in functionally DPP4-deficient congenic rats (DPP4mut), along with immunological alterations and, interestingly, a stress-resilient phenotype.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
25635612-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, CD26) are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients and better glucose tolerance has been confirmed in functionally DPP4-deficient congenic rats (DPP4mut), along with immunological alterations and, interestingly, a stress-resilient phenotype.	Glucose	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-185
25687897-16	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Baseline HbA1c level and fasting glucose explain most of the variance in HbA1c change in response to DPP-4 inhibitors: each increase of 1.0% units HbA1c provides a 0.4-0.5% units greater fall.	Glucose	46-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
25687897-2	2015	DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) on HbA1c were conducted.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
25528312-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are unclear.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
25637323-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may affect the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) associated with triglyceride (TG) metabolism, which is a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease, in diabetic patients.	Triglycerides	131-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25637323-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may affect the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) associated with triglyceride (TG) metabolism, which is a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease, in diabetic patients.	Triglycerides	131-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25637323-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may affect the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) associated with triglyceride (TG) metabolism, which is a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease, in diabetic patients.	Triglycerides	145-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25637323-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors may affect the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) associated with triglyceride (TG) metabolism, which is a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease, in diabetic patients.	Triglycerides	145-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25528312-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are unclear.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
25528528-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM); however, only few studies were properly designed to evaluate their cardiovascular (CV) effects.	Glucose	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
25678778-8	2015	RESULTS: The plasma DPP-4 activity-time curves of the FDC and the separate tablets almost overlapped, leading to a GMR (90% CI) of the FDC to separate tablets for the plasma DPP-4 activity and its maximum inhibition of 1.00 (0.97-1.04) and 0.92 (0.82-1.05), respectively.	gmr	115-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
25690036-7	2015	In addition, the potential role for DPPIV inhibitors in ameliorating heart disease is revised, focusing on the effects of the main DPPIV substrates on cardiac remodeling and renal handling of salt and water.	Salts	192-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
25690036-7	2015	In addition, the potential role for DPPIV inhibitors in ameliorating heart disease is revised, focusing on the effects of the main DPPIV substrates on cardiac remodeling and renal handling of salt and water.	Water	201-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
25511640-1	2015	The aim of this case study was to examine the efficacy of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (anagliptin) and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (miglitol) when added to ongoing insulin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	anagliptin	94-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-178
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	Carbohydrates	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-189
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	hfhc	78-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	hfhc	78-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-178
25406260-1	2015	This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations.	hfhc	78-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-189
25350224-0	2015	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of the DPP-4 inhibitor gemigliptin when coadministered with rosuvastatin or irbesartan to healthy subjects.	LC15-0444	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
25350224-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: Gemigliptin is a selective DPP4 inhibitor used to treat type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
25614693-0	2015	Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin or placebo followed by glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes with moderate to severe renal impairment: a 52-week, randomized, double-blind clinical trial.	Linagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
25482888-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which catalyzes the hydrolytic process of the amide bond X-Ala or X-Pro at the N-terminus of peptides.	Amides	113-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
25482888-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease, which catalyzes the hydrolytic process of the amide bond X-Ala or X-Pro at the N-terminus of peptides.	Amides	113-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
26023019-5	2015	The glucose-lowering effect of DPP-4 inhibitors in diabetic patients with CKD is similar to the changes seen when DPP-4 inhibitors are prescribed to patients without CKD.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
25678772-3	2015	Alogliptin, a new selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, has shown its great antihyperglycemia effect in T2DM patients.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
25815154-2	2015	A comparison of the inhibitory activity of these compounds to the known type-2 diabetes compound (sitagliptin) against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) will be shown.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-141
25815154-2	2015	A comparison of the inhibitory activity of these compounds to the known type-2 diabetes compound (sitagliptin) against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) will be shown.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
25446112-0	2015	DPP IV inhibitor suppresses STZ-induced islets injury dependent on activation of the IGFR/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways by GLP-1 in monkeys.	Streptozocin	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
25446112-1	2015	BACKGROUND: To evaluate the protective effect of the DPP IV inhibitor in STZ-induced islet injury and to identify the molecular events that protect islet against apoptosis.	Streptozocin	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
25446112-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our data provides evidence that DPP IV inhibitors confer resistance to STZ-induced islet injury.	Streptozocin	84-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
25446112-9	2015	The protective effects of DPP IV inhibitor on STZ-induced islets injury were dependent on activation of the IGFR/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways by GLP-1 in islets of monkeys.	Streptozocin	46-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
26290759-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as saxagliptin, have gained a rapid growth in use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past decade.	saxagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
26290759-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as saxagliptin, have gained a rapid growth in use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the past decade.	saxagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
26584290-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This study provides insight into the utility of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin for MSCs transplantation in the ischemic microenvironment that extends its antidiabetic property.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
25331711-4	2015	Most DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin) are predominantly excreted by the kidneys.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
25331711-4	2015	Most DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin) are predominantly excreted by the kidneys.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
25331711-4	2015	Most DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin) are predominantly excreted by the kidneys.	saxagliptin	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
25331711-4	2015	Most DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin) are predominantly excreted by the kidneys.	alogliptin	63-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
25597385-5	2015	The DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin was approved in Japan in 2012 and in Korea in 2014.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	20-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
24532820-1	2015	PURPOSE: Alogliptin is the newest dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes either alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.	alogliptin	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
24532820-1	2015	PURPOSE: Alogliptin is the newest dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes either alone or in combination with other antidiabetic agents.	alogliptin	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
24532820-3	2015	SUMMARY: As a DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin raises postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1, leading to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.	alogliptin	31-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
24532820-10	2015	The efficacy profile of alogliptin is comparable to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	alogliptin	24-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
25628514-3	2015	Addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin, with its proven efficacy, low propensity for hypoglycemia, and weight neutrality, has been shown to improve glycemic control for patients who are not well controlled with metformin.	Linagliptin	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
25628514-3	2015	Addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin, with its proven efficacy, low propensity for hypoglycemia, and weight neutrality, has been shown to improve glycemic control for patients who are not well controlled with metformin.	Metformin	233-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
25445232-5	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	83-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25445232-5	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	110-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25445232-5	2015	DPP4 serum activity was determined spectrophotometrically as a rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (AMC) from H-Gly-Pro-AMC.	[2-[(2S)-2-[(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]azanium	120-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
25215428-1	2015	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a rapidly increasing population.	Linagliptin	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-77
26361231-8	2015	Consistently, the addition of a DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin and SU, TZD, or SGLT2 inhibitor therapy improved glycemic measures, and these combinations were generally well tolerated.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	69-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Dipeptides	49-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Dipeptides	49-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Proline	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Proline	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Hydroxyproline	114-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Hydroxyproline	114-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	dehydroproline	130-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	dehydroproline	130-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Alanine	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25620096-0	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26)-activated prodrugs: a successful strategy for improving water solubility and oral bioavailability.	Water	94-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
25620096-0	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26)-activated prodrugs: a successful strategy for improving water solubility and oral bioavailability.	Water	94-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
25620096-0	2015	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26)-activated prodrugs: a successful strategy for improving water solubility and oral bioavailability.	Water	94-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	Amines	64-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	254-260
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	Amines	64-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	261-265
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	di- (or oligo)peptide	120-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	254-260
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	di- (or oligo)peptide	120-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	261-265
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	Amides	207-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	254-260
25620096-3	2015	The proof-of-concept of this prodrug technology is provided for amine-containing agents by directly linking appropriate di- (or oligo)peptide moieties to a free amino group of a non-peptidic drug through an amide bond which is specifically hydrolized by DPP IV/CD26.	Amides	207-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	261-265
25723507-3	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides when the second residue is proline, hydroxyproline, dehydroproline or alanine.	Alanine	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
26088350-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) (EC 3.4.14.5) is a member of the broad class of hydrolytic enzymes which is responsible for degradation of the incretin peptide hormones regulating blood glucose levels.	Glucose	187-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
25392021-9	2015	Regarding the pre-dinner 3HB levels, in addition to age and the pre-dinner FFA concentration, the uses of sulfonylurea and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were independent negative contributors.	3-Hydroxybutyric Acid	25-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-145
25243647-1	2015	AIMS: To examine whether 12 weeks of treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin, influences the insulin secretion induced by glucose, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) during a hyperglycaemic clamp in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
25243647-1	2015	AIMS: To examine whether 12 weeks of treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin, influences the insulin secretion induced by glucose, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) during a hyperglycaemic clamp in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
25243647-1	2015	AIMS: To examine whether 12 weeks of treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin, influences the insulin secretion induced by glucose, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) during a hyperglycaemic clamp in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Glucose	153-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
25243647-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin over 12 weeks in patients with T2DM partially restored the lost insulinotropic effect of GIP, whereas the preserved insulinotropic effect of GLP-1 was not further improved.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
25328079-1	2015	This study aimed to explore the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide metformin on the secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as incretin levels, in Japanese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus poorly controlled with insulin monotherapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
26088350-1	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) (EC 3.4.14.5) is a member of the broad class of hydrolytic enzymes which is responsible for degradation of the incretin peptide hormones regulating blood glucose levels.	Glucose	187-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26788106-2	2015	Because GLP-1 is rapidly inactivated by the enzymatic cleavage of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) long-acting GLP-1 analogues, for example, exenatide and DPP4 inhibitors, for example, liraglutide, have been developed as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Exenatide	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
25819061-8	2015	Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 activity was significantly inhibited after 24 weeks of anagliptin treatment, and &gt;75% and &gt;90% inhibitions were observed during the meal tolerance tests with 100 mg and 200 mg anagliptin, respectively.	anagliptin	91-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-35
25819061-8	2015	Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 activity was significantly inhibited after 24 weeks of anagliptin treatment, and &gt;75% and &gt;90% inhibitions were observed during the meal tolerance tests with 100 mg and 200 mg anagliptin, respectively.	anagliptin	218-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-35
25819061-10	2015	Twice-daily anagliptin therapy effectively inhibited DPP-4 activity and improved glycemic control and was well-tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
26788106-2	2015	Because GLP-1 is rapidly inactivated by the enzymatic cleavage of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) long-acting GLP-1 analogues, for example, exenatide and DPP4 inhibitors, for example, liraglutide, have been developed as therapeutics for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Exenatide	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
25452780-2	2015	The aim of the present study was to examine the postprandial effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose on endothelial dysfunction and lipid profiles following a single administration.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
25424014-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interactions of the antidiabetic agents canagliflozin (a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor) and teneligliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) in Japanese healthy adult men.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	166-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-205
26523434-0	2015	First novel once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, trelagliptin, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	trelagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25381751-3	2015	EXPERT OPINION: DPP-4 inhibitors offer various advantages when compared to other glucose-lowering agents.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
26389773-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as saxagliptin have the potential to confer significant benefits in glycemic control without the risk of weight gain and hypoglycemia, which may be associated with other medications used to treat type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	141-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
26389773-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors such as dapagliflozin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as saxagliptin have the potential to confer significant benefits in glycemic control without the risk of weight gain and hypoglycemia, which may be associated with other medications used to treat type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	141-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
25477187-1	2015	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is used as a means to regulate post-prandial serum glucose in type 2 diabetics.	Glucose	98-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
25477187-1	2015	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is used as a means to regulate post-prandial serum glucose in type 2 diabetics.	Glucose	98-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
25477187-2	2015	The effect of drug (Sitagliptin )/peptide and binary peptide mixtures on DPP-IV inhibition was studied using an isobole approach.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
25477187-3	2015	Five peptides (Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr, Trp-Lys, Trp-Pro, Trp-Arg and Trp-Leu), having DPP-IV half maximum inhibitory concentration values (IC50)&lt;60 muM and reported to act through different inhibition mechanisms, were investigated.	Isoleucyl-Proline	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
25477187-3	2015	Five peptides (Ile-Pro-Ile-Gln-Tyr, Trp-Lys, Trp-Pro, Trp-Arg and Trp-Leu), having DPP-IV half maximum inhibitory concentration values (IC50)&lt;60 muM and reported to act through different inhibition mechanisms, were investigated.	Isoleucine	15-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
25252844-1	2015	Teneligliptin is a novel peptidomimetic-chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
25252844-1	2015	Teneligliptin is a novel peptidomimetic-chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
25252844-1	2015	Teneligliptin is a novel peptidomimetic-chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	prolylthiazolidine	50-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
25252844-1	2015	Teneligliptin is a novel peptidomimetic-chemotype prolylthiazolidine-based inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	prolylthiazolidine	50-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
26523434-3	2015	AREAS COVERED: A novel DPP-4 inhibitor, trelagliptin, was approved in Japan in March 2015, and is the first once-weekly oral antidiabetic agent in the world.	trelagliptin	40-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
26583910-7	2015	Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, reduces HbA1c, is weight neutral, has an excellent safety profile and a low risk of hypoglycemia.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	175-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
26587020-1	2015	The study explored the utility of four-point preprandial glucose self-monitoring to calculate several indices of glycemic control and variability in a study adding the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to ongoing insulin therapy.	Vildagliptin	184-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	184-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	carmegliptin	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	219-230	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	235-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
25504156-16	2014	CONCLUSIONS: US adults with T2DM who initiated DPP-4i therapy, particularly saxagliptin, had significantly better adherence and persistence compared with patients who initiated SUs or TZDs.	saxagliptin	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
25565858-5	2015	Saxagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control and is generally well tolerated when used as monotherapy and as add-on therapy to other antihyperglycemic medications.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
24824197-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone.	Linagliptin	85-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
25283263-1	2014	OPINION STATEMENT: The increased risk of heart failure hospitalizations related to treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin observed in the SAVOR TIMI 53 trial, is likely not to be a chance effect, but rather a previously unrecognized side effect of this drug, as this risk was very consistently apparent across all subgroups of this large multicenter, prospective, randomized trial.	saxagliptin	118-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
25283263-3	2014	Results of randomized prospective multicenter trials with the DPP-4 inhibitors alogliptin and vildagliptin have in fact generated new uncertainties and clearly not totally excluded the possibility of a class side effect.	alogliptin	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
25283263-4	2014	A meta-analysis of 59 randomized controlled trials with various DPP-4 inhibitors evaluating data from 36,620 patients with diabetes and a minimal observation period of 24 weeks, confirmed a 21 % increase of heart failure events compared to placebo treatment, however, not in comparison to treatment with other blood glucose lowering drugs.	Blood Glucose	310-323	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
25283263-7	2014	Results from ongoing large multicenter trials with the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and linagliptin are expected to clarify the potential heart failure issue related to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
24824197-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone.	Metformin	183-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
25283263-7	2014	Results from ongoing large multicenter trials with the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and linagliptin are expected to clarify the potential heart failure issue related to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
25283263-7	2014	Results from ongoing large multicenter trials with the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and linagliptin are expected to clarify the potential heart failure issue related to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors.	Linagliptin	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
24824197-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone.	Pioglitazone	197-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
25144424-1	2014	BACKGROUND: This study investigated whether teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, ameliorated glucose fluctuations in hospitalized Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy, with or without other antidiabetes drugs, and using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	44-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
25623546-7	2014	Unlike treatment with sulfonylureas, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve metabolic control without inducing hypoglycemia and, therefore, represent a new therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes, which offer the advantage of combining glucose-lowering activity with a low risk of hypoglycemia, thus providing a greater cardiovascular protection.	Glucose	300-307	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
25204760-0	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) improves glycemic control after meal tolerance test by suppressing glucagon release.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25204760-0	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) improves glycemic control after meal tolerance test by suppressing glucagon release.	Glucagon	115-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25420579-0	2014	Very short-term effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin on the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and incretin hormones in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: analysis of meal tolerance test data.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
25420579-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which inactivates the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
25424968-2	2014	The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, alogliptin, versus glipizide, a sulfonylurea, in achieving glycemic control without the risk of hypoglycemia, weight gain, or both in older patients with T2DM.	alogliptin	92-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
25443548-5	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4I) are an attractive class of therapy because they reduce blood glucose by targeting the incretin hormone system and, in particular, have the potential to positively affect pancreatic beta cell biology.	Glucose	158-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
24552466-5	2014	The patient was treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, alogliptin, at a dose of 25 mg per day.	alogliptin	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
25365774-7	2014	The relative RT-PCR expression levels of DPPIV in the cancer cell lines exhibited linear correlation with U95Av2 Affymetrix data (r(2) = 0.94), and with specific activity of a standard substrate, glycine-proline-p-nitroanilide (r(2) = 0.96).	glycine-proline-p-nitroanilide	196-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
25216328-2	2014	Both membrane-associated and soluble DPP4 exert catalytic activity, cleaving proteins containing a position 2 alanine or proline.	Alanine	110-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
25216328-2	2014	Both membrane-associated and soluble DPP4 exert catalytic activity, cleaving proteins containing a position 2 alanine or proline.	Proline	121-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
24552466-5	2014	The patient was treated with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, alogliptin, at a dose of 25 mg per day.	alogliptin	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
25410473-8	2014	After treatment intensification, there was an increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, and GLP-1 analogues, achieving reductions in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose.	Glucose	157-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
25429228-1	2014	BACKGROUND: In order to test the hypothesis that the degree of weight change with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin is dependent on the level of glycemic control at baseline, the weight changes from pooled monotherapy studies after 24 weeks of therapy with vildagliptin were assessed versus the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at baseline.	Vildagliptin	119-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
25412338-3	2014	The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of daily glutamine supplementation with or without the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	153-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-142
25410473-8	2014	After treatment intensification, there was an increased use of DPP-4 inhibitors, insulin, and GLP-1 analogues, achieving reductions in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose.	Glucose	183-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
25217834-2	2014	However, it is unknown how soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) is cleaved from the cell membrane and released into the circulation.	sdpp4	41-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
25231186-2	2014	The aims of this study were to determine whether dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition would enhance plasma active incretin [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1] concentrations and modulate the glycemic, gut hormone, triglyceride, energy expenditure, and energy intake responses to intraduodenal fat infusion.	Triglycerides	245-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
25231186-2	2014	The aims of this study were to determine whether dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition would enhance plasma active incretin [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), GLP-1] concentrations and modulate the glycemic, gut hormone, triglyceride, energy expenditure, and energy intake responses to intraduodenal fat infusion.	Triglycerides	245-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
25408522-0	2014	Effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin on immunological parameters of lymphocytes in intact animals and animals with experimental autoimmune process.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
25408522-1	2014	The effects of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin on immunological parameters were studied in animals with experimental autoimmune process.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
24809328-0	2014	Understanding the molecular dynamics of type-2 diabetes drug target DPP-4 and its interaction with Sitagliptin and inhibitor Diprotin-A.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
24809328-0	2014	Understanding the molecular dynamics of type-2 diabetes drug target DPP-4 and its interaction with Sitagliptin and inhibitor Diprotin-A.	diprotin A	125-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
24809328-6	2014	However, little is known on the molecular dynamics of DPP-4 and the interaction properties with its ligands, namely Sitagliptin and Diprotin-A.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	116-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
24809328-11	2014	From DPP-4 and Sitagliptin interaction, three residues in active sites such as Try226, Glu205, and Glu206 were involved in three H-bond formation, while 10 other amino acids (Try547, Try667, Asn710, Val711, His740, Ser630, Ser209, Arg358, Phe357, and Val207) were involved in hydrophobic interactions.	try226	79-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
25176337-4	2014	They inhibit activity of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 responsible for inactivating nutrient-released incretin hormones (mainly glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide).	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
25236917-2	2014	This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in an understudied population of patients with long-standing T2DM.	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
25089916-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of this observational study, diabetes patients with MS who were treated with metformin plus DPP-4 inhibitors had better compliance, greater metabolic control, and lower rates of hypoglycemia, causing lower costs for the Spanish national health system than patients receiving metformin plus other antidiabetes drugs.	Metformin	312-321	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
25112609-4	2014	RESULTS: Adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to insulin treatment resulted in a glucose-lowering effect of ~ 6.6-8.7 mmol/mol (0.60-0.80%) from a baseline HbA1c of 67-78 mmol/mol (8.3-9.3%), without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
24865132-0	2014	Safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive analysis of data from 1331 individuals aged &gt;= 65 years.	Linagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
24865132-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate individual patient data from a comprehensive trials programme to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin across a range of glucose-lowering regimens in a large elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	167-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-148
24865132-1	2014	AIMS: To investigate individual patient data from a comprehensive trials programme to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin across a range of glucose-lowering regimens in a large elderly population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	167-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
25122001-6	2014	The expression levels of hemoglobin in HEK293 and Caki-1 cells were significantly decreased when DPP4 was knocked down by siRNA, were significantly increased by the addition of soluble human DPP4, and were also significantly increased by the addition of the DPP4 inhibitor, sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	274-285	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
30736193-4	2014	This article summarizes the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, and also evaluates its clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
25122001-7	2014	The expression level of DPP4 was also significantly increased by the addition of sitagliptin in both cell types.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
25269068-1	2014	A practical synthesis of a highly functionalized tetrahydropyran DPP-4 inhibitor is described.	TETRAHYDROPYRAN	49-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
25103229-4	2014	Here we demonstrate that phasic and tonic GABAA receptor currents can be selectively inhibited by the antagonists SR 95531 and the 4-PIOL derivative, 4-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-5-(4-piperidyl)-3-isoxazolol hydrobromide (DPP-4-PIOL), respectively.	gabazine	114-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-226
25103229-4	2014	Here we demonstrate that phasic and tonic GABAA receptor currents can be selectively inhibited by the antagonists SR 95531 and the 4-PIOL derivative, 4-(3,3-diphenylpropyl)-5-(4-piperidyl)-3-isoxazolol hydrobromide (DPP-4-PIOL), respectively.	CHEMBL544544	150-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-226
25103229-7	2014	Consequently, we were able to impose a pronounced reduction in tonic GABA mediated current (&gt;70 %) by concentrations of DPP-4-PIOL, at which no significant effect on the phasic current was seen.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	69-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
25103229-8	2014	Our findings demonstrate that selective inhibition of GABA mediated tonic current is possible, when targeting a subpopulation of GABAA receptors located extrasynaptically using the antagonist, DPP-4-PIOL.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	54-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	193-198
27200603-0	2014	Assessment of The Economic Value Of Dpp-4 Inhibitor Alogliptin Compared With Sitagliptin, Saxagliptin, And Linagliptin.	alogliptin	52-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
24585460-1	2014	The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina ) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes.	alogliptin	28-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
25022544-7	2014	To determine the role of PKC activation in the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, cells were treated with PMA- which blocked the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on NLRP3 and IL-1beta as well as TLR4 and GLP-1R.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	100-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
25022544-7	2014	To determine the role of PKC activation in the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors, cells were treated with PMA- which blocked the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on NLRP3 and IL-1beta as well as TLR4 and GLP-1R.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	100-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
25646943-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, including saxagliptin, are recommended as add-on therapy to metformin and as part of two- or three-drug combinations in patients not meeting individualized glycemic goals with metformin alone or as part of a dual-therapy regimen.	saxagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24947356-7	2014	Functionally, augmentation of the GLP-1 system by pharmacological inhibition of DPP-4 caused hyperinsulinemia, suppression of glucagon release, and glucose lowering under endotoxic conditions, whereas inhibition of the GLP-1 receptor led to the opposite effect.	Glucagon	126-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
24947356-7	2014	Functionally, augmentation of the GLP-1 system by pharmacological inhibition of DPP-4 caused hyperinsulinemia, suppression of glucagon release, and glucose lowering under endotoxic conditions, whereas inhibition of the GLP-1 receptor led to the opposite effect.	Glucose	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
24821586-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin lowers postprandial glucose and improves measures of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24821586-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin lowers postprandial glucose and improves measures of beta-cell function in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24827939-1	2014	AIM: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are widely used in combinations with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, data on long-term safety compared with conventional combination therapies are limited.	Metformin	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-27
24827939-1	2014	AIM: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are widely used in combinations with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes; however, data on long-term safety compared with conventional combination therapies are limited.	Metformin	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
25336915-0	2014	Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of evogliptin (DA-1229), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	55-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
25336915-1	2014	PURPOSE: Evogliptin (DA-1229) is a novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-87
25336915-1	2014	PURPOSE: Evogliptin (DA-1229) is a novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
25336915-1	2014	PURPOSE: Evogliptin (DA-1229) is a novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	21-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-87
25336915-1	2014	PURPOSE: Evogliptin (DA-1229) is a novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	21-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
25336915-11	2014	Evogliptin"s systemic exposure and inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity increased in a dose-dependent manner.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
25336915-12	2014	Inhibition of DPP-IV activity &gt;80% was sustained over 24 hours in all evogliptin dose groups and provided an increase in postprandial active glucagon-like peptide-1 levels by 1.5- to 2.4-fold.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	73-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
25336915-15	2014	A once-daily regimen of 5-20 mg evogliptin effectively inhibited DPP-IV activity.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	32-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
24863949-3	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are good candidates for early use as they are efficacious in combination with metformin, show weight neutrality and a low risk of hypoglycaemia.	Metformin	112-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24585460-1	2014	The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina ) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes.	alogliptin	40-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
24585460-1	2014	The single enantiomer drug, alogliptin (Alo, Nesina ) is a novel, orally available and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes.	alogliptin	45-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
24641348-1	2014	This study evaluated the effects of renal impairment (RI) and haemodialysis (HD) on the pharmacokinetics of gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	LC15-0444	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-151
24827939-6	2014	In adjusted analyses with metformin + SU as reference, metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an RR of 0.65 (0.54-0.80) for mortality, an RR of 0.57 (0.40-0.80) for CV mortality and an RR of 0.70 (0.57-0.85) for the combined end point.	Metformin	26-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
24827939-6	2014	In adjusted analyses with metformin + SU as reference, metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an RR of 0.65 (0.54-0.80) for mortality, an RR of 0.57 (0.40-0.80) for CV mortality and an RR of 0.70 (0.57-0.85) for the combined end point.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	38-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
24641348-1	2014	This study evaluated the effects of renal impairment (RI) and haemodialysis (HD) on the pharmacokinetics of gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	LC15-0444	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	153-158
24827939-6	2014	In adjusted analyses with metformin + SU as reference, metformin + DPP-4 inhibitor was associated with an RR of 0.65 (0.54-0.80) for mortality, an RR of 0.57 (0.40-0.80) for CV mortality and an RR of 0.70 (0.57-0.85) for the combined end point.	Metformin	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
25297911-1	2014	Linagliptin (Trajenta( ), Tradjenta( )) is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in several countries.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-73
25040702-0	2014	Optimizing clinical outcomes resulting from glucose-lowering therapies in type 2 diabetes: increased confidence about the DPP-4 inhibitors and continued concerns regarding sulphonylureas and exogenous insulin.	Glucose	44-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
24684351-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of blood glucose-lowering therapy with proven efficacy, tolerability and safety.	Blood Glucose	65-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24684351-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of blood glucose-lowering therapy with proven efficacy, tolerability and safety.	Blood Glucose	65-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
24684351-2	2014	Four of the five commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors are subject to significant renal clearance, and pharmacokinetic studies in people with renal impairment have led to lower recommended doses based on creatinine clearance in order to prevent drug accumulation.	Creatinine	206-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
25297911-6	2014	Linagliptin is the first DPP-4 inhibitor to be eliminated primarily via a nonrenal route, enabling its use without dosage adjustment in patients with any degree of renal impairment.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
25297911-7	2014	Linagliptin is generally well tolerated and, as with other DPP-4 inhibitors, it is associated with a low risk of hypoglycaemia and has no effect on bodyweight.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
25007170-5	2014	In addition, there is some evidence that GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors mediate sodium excretion and diuresis to lower blood pressure.	Sodium	94-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
24977657-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin has the capacity to repair beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
25110536-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Animal studies have demonstrated that an inhibition of DPP-4 has an impact on the secretion of cholesterol and apoB by the small intestine.	Cholesterol	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
24530100-1	2014	AIMS: We investigated to clarify factors associated with the efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitor, for glycemic control including the confounding effect of concomitant drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-117
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	praline	85-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25360654-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a protease that cleaves the peptides with alanine, praline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminal penultimate position.	praline	85-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25065332-0	2014	Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients partly by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
25597711-1	2014	OBJECTIVES: Determine the clinical repurcussions of adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia and cardiovascular events (CVE) and economics (resources and costs) in the combination therapy of metformin vs DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	193-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-235
25597711-16	2014	Vildagliptin was the most used drug among DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
25065332-0	2014	Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients partly by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity.	Xanthine	15-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
25053403-2	2014	DPP IV inhibitors are currently used to improve glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes patients.	Glucose	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
25288908-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: Liraglutide (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] receptor agonist) and sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) are approved in Japan for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
25227623-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors including alogliptin are categorised as a newer class of oral hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic drugs to suppress the degradation of incretin hormones ((glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) by DPP-4.	alogliptin	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
25227623-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors including alogliptin are categorised as a newer class of oral hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic drugs to suppress the degradation of incretin hormones ((glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) by DPP-4.	alogliptin	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
25227623-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors including alogliptin are categorised as a newer class of oral hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic drugs to suppress the degradation of incretin hormones ((glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)) by DPP-4.	alogliptin	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	294-299
24906949-0	2014	Influence of TCF7L2 gene variants on the therapeutic response to the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-90
24928308-1	2014	DPP4 is an ubiquitously expressed cell-surface protease that is shedded to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4).	sdpp4	108-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
24928308-1	2014	DPP4 is an ubiquitously expressed cell-surface protease that is shedded to the circulation as soluble DPP4 (sDPP4).	sdpp4	108-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-106
24906949-4	2014	We investigated the influence of TCF7L2 risk alleles on the response to treatment with the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin from four 24 week, phase III, placebo-controlled trials.	Linagliptin	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
24969577-3	2014	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial in 40 subjects with early T2D who received the GLP-1 analog exenatide (n = 14), the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin (n = 12), or the sulfonylurea glimepiride (n = 14) as an active comparator insulin secretagogue for 6 months.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	190-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-179
24612221-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin action to block GLP-1 and GIP inactivation by DPP-4 improves glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
24914244-0	2014	Incidence of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer in a randomized controlled multicenter trial (SAVOR-TIMI 53) of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	149-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-138
24493030-4	2014	Single dose of GLP-1 and the dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, may improve left ventricular function, predominantly in ischemic segments, and attenuate post-ischemic stunning.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
24939431-1	2014	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
24939431-1	2014	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which cleaves and inactivates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), is a glucose-lowering strategy in type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
24939431-9	2014	In human islets, there was a significant positive correlation between DPP-4 activity and insulin secretory response to 16.7 mmol/l glucose.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
24939431-11	2014	Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
24939431-13	2014	Inhibiting islet DPP-4 activity may therefore contribute to the insulin-secretory and glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibition.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
24939431-13	2014	Inhibiting islet DPP-4 activity may therefore contribute to the insulin-secretory and glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibition.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
24962635-0	2014	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic drug interactions between gemigliptin (dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor) and glimepiride (sulfonylurea) in healthy volunteers.	LC15-0444	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-90
24493030-4	2014	Single dose of GLP-1 and the dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, may improve left ventricular function, predominantly in ischemic segments, and attenuate post-ischemic stunning.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-60
24493030-7	2014	Large randomized trials including diabetic patients with preexisting heart failure and myocardial infarction showed that chronic therapy with the DPP-IV inhibitors saxagliptin and alogliptin did not reduce cardiovascular events or mortality.	saxagliptin	164-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
25085841-5	2014	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is also nephroprotective independent of changes in blood glucose and involves GLP-1/GLP-1R-dependent and -independent mechanisms.	Glucose	102-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
25047264-8	2014	mRNA levels of SDF-1 was increased whereas its major inhibitor dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) is decreased in PA, suggesting that the SDF-1 axis plays a role in the migration of BMCs into PA.	bmcs	179-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-93
25046055-8	2014	CONCLUSION: This study revealed that adding the mitiglinide/voglibose combination to a DPP-4 inhibitor elicited additive improvements in postprandial glycemic/metabolic responses assessed using MTTs at breakfast, lunch and dinner with identical meal compositions.	mitiglinide	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
25088664-7	2014	We have found that the main compounds absorbed by intestinal CaCo-2 cells after an acute treatment with GSPE are catechin, epicatechin, B2 dimer and gallic acid, and that they inhibit the DPP4 activity in endothelial HUVEC cells in an additive way.	Catechin	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-192
25046055-8	2014	CONCLUSION: This study revealed that adding the mitiglinide/voglibose combination to a DPP-4 inhibitor elicited additive improvements in postprandial glycemic/metabolic responses assessed using MTTs at breakfast, lunch and dinner with identical meal compositions.	voglibose	60-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	saxagliptin	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	Linagliptin	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	alogliptin	115-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25088664-7	2014	We have found that the main compounds absorbed by intestinal CaCo-2 cells after an acute treatment with GSPE are catechin, epicatechin, B2 dimer and gallic acid, and that they inhibit the DPP4 activity in endothelial HUVEC cells in an additive way.	Gallic Acid	149-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-192
25034387-3	2014	The impact of sitagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, on inflammation and markers of endothelial function remains to be fully characterized.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
24996141-0	2014	Discovery of highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors by hybrid compound design based on linagliptin and alogliptin.	Linagliptin	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
25175981-4	2014	The hypothesis of our study was that adding a DPP4-inhibitor at the beginning of insulin treatment could lead to less exogenous insulin requirement, a reduction of hyperinsulinemia and side effects (hypoglycemia and weight gain), less glucose variability and improvement of insulin and glucagon dynamics during a mixed meal test.	Glucose	235-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
25175981-4	2014	The hypothesis of our study was that adding a DPP4-inhibitor at the beginning of insulin treatment could lead to less exogenous insulin requirement, a reduction of hyperinsulinemia and side effects (hypoglycemia and weight gain), less glucose variability and improvement of insulin and glucagon dynamics during a mixed meal test.	Glucagon	286-294	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
24996141-0	2014	Discovery of highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors by hybrid compound design based on linagliptin and alogliptin.	alogliptin	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
24996141-1	2014	Highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors have been identified by hybrid compound design based on linagliptin and alogliptin.	alogliptin	103-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
24996141-1	2014	Highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors have been identified by hybrid compound design based on linagliptin and alogliptin.	Linagliptin	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
24929856-1	2014	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from various substrate hormones, chemokines, neuropeptides, and growth factors.	Dipeptides	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
24929856-1	2014	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a ubiquitously expressed transmembrane protein that removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from various substrate hormones, chemokines, neuropeptides, and growth factors.	Dipeptides	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
24968315-5	2014	RESULTS: At baseline, individuals in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher age, WHR, BMI, SBP, fasting insulin, 2h-PG, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, IGF-II/M6P-R, C-IMT and lower HDL-C compared with individuals in the lowest quartile.	Deuterium	123-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
24996141-3	2014	Compound 2h had a good inhibition selectivity for DPP-4 over DPP-8/9 and thus was selected for further biological evaluation, including oral glucose tolerance, plasma DPP-4 inhibitory activity, pharmacokinetic profile, acute toxicity and hERG inhibition.	Deuterium	9-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
24996141-3	2014	Compound 2h had a good inhibition selectivity for DPP-4 over DPP-8/9 and thus was selected for further biological evaluation, including oral glucose tolerance, plasma DPP-4 inhibitory activity, pharmacokinetic profile, acute toxicity and hERG inhibition.	Deuterium	9-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-172
25089625-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone.	Metformin	238-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
25089625-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone.	Metformin	238-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
25089625-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone.	Metformin	329-338	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
25089625-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Incretin-based therapies which include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are recommended by several practice guidelines as second-line agents for add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) who do not achieve glycemic control with metformin plus lifestyle interventions alone.	Metformin	329-338	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
24968315-5	2014	RESULTS: At baseline, individuals in the highest quartile of DPP4 activity had higher age, WHR, BMI, SBP, fasting insulin, 2h-PG, TG, LDL-C, IL-6, hs-CRP, IGF-II/M6P-R, C-IMT and lower HDL-C compared with individuals in the lowest quartile.	Thioguanine	130-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
24647737-7	2014	These observations indicate that in type 2 diabetes, 1) the capacity of endogenous GIP to lower blood glucose is impaired; 2) the effect of DPP-4 inhibition on glycemia is likely to depend on adequate endogenous GLP-1 release, requiring gastric emptying &gt;2 kcal/min; and 3) the action of metformin to lower blood glucose is not predominantly by way of the incretin axis.	Metformin	291-300	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
25015594-2	2014	Linagliptin, an orally administered DPP-4 inhibitor, has demonstrated favorable efficacy/safety in clinical trials.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
25090264-4	2014	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor and a new class of hypoglycemic agents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
24925478-6	2014	Increasing or decreasing intracellular peroxynitrite levels enhanced or decreased the ability of uric acid to inhibit cell associated CD26/DPPIV, respectively.	Peroxynitrous Acid	39-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
24447683-0	2014	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin compared with alpha-glucosidase inhibitor in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea alone (SUCCESS-2): a multicenter, randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
24925478-6	2014	Increasing or decreasing intracellular peroxynitrite levels enhanced or decreased the ability of uric acid to inhibit cell associated CD26/DPPIV, respectively.	Peroxynitrous Acid	39-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
24925478-0	2014	Uric acid inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vitro is dependent on the intracellular formation of triuret.	Uric Acid	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-47
24925478-6	2014	Increasing or decreasing intracellular peroxynitrite levels enhanced or decreased the ability of uric acid to inhibit cell associated CD26/DPPIV, respectively.	Uric Acid	97-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
24925478-6	2014	Increasing or decreasing intracellular peroxynitrite levels enhanced or decreased the ability of uric acid to inhibit cell associated CD26/DPPIV, respectively.	Uric Acid	97-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
24925478-0	2014	Uric acid inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in vitro is dependent on the intracellular formation of triuret.	triuret	104-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-47
24925478-7	2014	Finally, protein modeling demonstrates how triuret can act as a small molecule inhibitor of CD26/DPPIV activity.	triuret	43-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
24925478-3	2014	Since EPC mobilization is dependent on activity of the enzyme CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)IV, we examined the effect uric acid will have on CD26/DPPIV activity.	Uric Acid	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
24925478-3	2014	Since EPC mobilization is dependent on activity of the enzyme CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)IV, we examined the effect uric acid will have on CD26/DPPIV activity.	Uric Acid	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
24925478-7	2014	Finally, protein modeling demonstrates how triuret can act as a small molecule inhibitor of CD26/DPPIV activity.	triuret	43-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
24925478-4	2014	Uric acid inhibited the CD26/DPPIV associated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells but not human recombinant (hr) CD26/DPPIV.	Uric Acid	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
24925478-4	2014	Uric acid inhibited the CD26/DPPIV associated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells but not human recombinant (hr) CD26/DPPIV.	Uric Acid	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
25083132-10	2014	Linagliptin is the only DPP-4 inhibitor excreted through nonrenal pathways and therefore does not require any dose adjustment in older patients with kidney disease.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24925478-5	2014	However, triuret, a product of uric acid and peroxynitrite, could inhibit cell associated and hrCD26/DPPIV.	triuret	9-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24925478-5	2014	However, triuret, a product of uric acid and peroxynitrite, could inhibit cell associated and hrCD26/DPPIV.	Peroxynitrous Acid	45-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24925478-5	2014	However, triuret, a product of uric acid and peroxynitrite, could inhibit cell associated and hrCD26/DPPIV.	hrcd26	94-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24883155-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Teneligliptin is a novel, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
24883155-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Teneligliptin is a novel, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
25318234-0	2014	[Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	1-22
25318234-0	2014	[Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
25083132-11	2014	This paper reviews the findings of a recent study by Barnett et al assessing the efficacy and safety of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM aged 70 years or older, which concluded that linagliptin may be a useful glucose-lowering option for older patients with T2DM.	Linagliptin	124-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
25083132-11	2014	This paper reviews the findings of a recent study by Barnett et al assessing the efficacy and safety of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM aged 70 years or older, which concluded that linagliptin may be a useful glucose-lowering option for older patients with T2DM.	Linagliptin	203-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
25083132-11	2014	This paper reviews the findings of a recent study by Barnett et al assessing the efficacy and safety of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM aged 70 years or older, which concluded that linagliptin may be a useful glucose-lowering option for older patients with T2DM.	Glucose	231-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
25050065-1	2014	Saxagliptin is a selective and potent dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the USA on July 2009, and had been launched globally in over 86 countries by September 2013.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-66
25050065-2	2014	In patients with T2DM, once-daily administration of saxagliptin before breakfast achieves sustained inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity and reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia, including after dinner, associated with an increase in plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 levels.	saxagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
25050065-12	2014	Recently, investigators in the SAVOR-TIMI (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 53 study suggested that DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin did not increase or decrease the rate of ischemic events, although the rate of hospitalization for heart failure was increased.	saxagliptin	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-199
25050065-12	2014	Recently, investigators in the SAVOR-TIMI (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 53 study suggested that DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin did not increase or decrease the rate of ischemic events, although the rate of hospitalization for heart failure was increased.	saxagliptin	216-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-199
25050071-1	2014	Alogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently marketed for once-daily administration in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
24584549-0	2014	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, acutely inhibits intestinal lipoprotein particle secretion in healthy humans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
27128836-0	2014	Population pharmacokinetic analysis of dutogliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	dutogliptin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
27128836-1	2014	Dutogliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor shown to be efficacious and safe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	dutogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
24584549-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, an antidiabetic agent, which lowers blood glucose levels, also reduces postprandial lipid excursion after a mixed meal.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24400655-1	2014	AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin plus metformin (A + M) initial combination therapy versus either as monotherapy in drug-naive T2DM patients.	alogliptin	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
24584549-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, an antidiabetic agent, which lowers blood glucose levels, also reduces postprandial lipid excursion after a mixed meal.	Blood Glucose	86-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24845072-0	2014	The DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndromes and newly detected glucose perturbations: A report from the BEGAMI study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
24845072-0	2014	The DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and endothelial function in patients with acute coronary syndromes and newly detected glucose perturbations: A report from the BEGAMI study.	Glucose	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
24639059-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-IV inhibitors could achieve a long-term effective and safe glycaemic control for use as monotherapy or in combination with metformin.	Metformin	140-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
24962916-0	2014	Pleiotropic mechanisms for the glucose-lowering action of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
24962916-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibition is a glucose-lowering treatment for type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
24962916-4	2014	However, recent experimental studies in mainly rodents but also to a limited degree in humans have found additional mechanisms for DPP-4 inhibitors that may contribute to their glucose-lowering action.	Glucose	177-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Metformin	157-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Metformin	157-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
25411599-1	2014	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as add-on to nateglinide, compared with switching to vildagliptin in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled with nateglinide.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
24793774-1	2014	Molecular docking of a library of all 8000 possible tripeptides to the active site of DPP-IV was used to determine their binding potential.	tripeptides	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
24793774-3	2014	While Trp-Trp-Trp, the peptide with the best docking score, was a moderate DPP-IV inhibitor (IC50 216muM), Lineweaver and Burk analysis revealed its action to be non-competitive.	H-Trp-Trp-Trp-OH	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-81
24793774-6	2014	LIGPLOTs indicated that competitive inhibitory peptides were predicted to have both hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of DPP-IV.	Hydrogen	100-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-157
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Amino Acids, Aromatic	58-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Tryptophan	114-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24916090-9	2014	INTERVENTIONS: Any DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Isoleucine	209-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Leucine	214-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Valine	219-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Phenylalanine	224-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Tryptophan	229-232	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-7	2014	DPP-IV inhibitory peptides generally had a hydrophobic or aromatic amino acid at the N-terminus, preferentially a Trp for non-competitive inhibitors and a broader range of residues for competitive inhibitors (Ile, Leu, Val, Phe, Trp or Tyr).	Tyrosine	236-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24793774-8	2014	Two of the potent DPP-IV inhibitors, Ile-Pro-Ile and Trp-Pro (IC50 values of 3.5 and 44.2muM, respectively), were predicted to be gastrointestinally/intestinally stable.	diprotin A	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
24793774-8	2014	Two of the potent DPP-IV inhibitors, Ile-Pro-Ile and Trp-Pro (IC50 values of 3.5 and 44.2muM, respectively), were predicted to be gastrointestinally/intestinally stable.	tryptophyl-proline	53-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
25158388-0	2014	[Alogliptin (Vipidia): a selective DPP-4 inhibitor with a good cardiovascular safety].	alogliptin	1-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
25158388-1	2014	Alogliptin (Vipidia) is a new selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
25006351-11	2014	Dapagliflozin treatment resulted in significantly decreased weight at follow-up compared to placebo (-1.54 kg; 95% CrI -2.16, -0.92), in contrast to treatment with GLP-1 analogues (-0.65 kg; 95% CrI -1.37, 0.07) and DPP-4 inhibitors (0.57 kg; 95% CrI 0.09, 1.06).	dapagliflozin	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
24778155-6	2014	Correspondingly, CD26(+) LSC decreased to low or undetectable levels during successful treatment with imatinib.	Imatinib Mesylate	102-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
25147615-0	2014	Discovery of Imigliptin, a Novel Selective DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes.	imigliptin	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
24611684-4	2014	Currently different chemical classes of DPP4 inhibitors are in last-stage of clinical trials and few of them such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin alogliptin and linagliptin have already been successfully released into market.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	117-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
24676549-0	2014	Management of a prediabetes case with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
24676549-4	2014	The purpose of this article is to report the results of a case in which a patient with prediabetes was treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	137-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
24627290-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gemigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
24627290-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Gemigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
24627290-9	2014	The inhibition of DPP-4 by gemigliptin was not affected by coadministration with metformin.	LC15-0444	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
24611684-4	2014	Currently different chemical classes of DPP4 inhibitors are in last-stage of clinical trials and few of them such as sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin alogliptin and linagliptin have already been successfully released into market.	Linagliptin	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
24488695-9	2014	Following the addition of mitiglinide to the treatment regimen for 52 weeks, the early postprandial decrease in insulin secretion improved and PPG improved in both the DPP-4 inhibitor CTG and biguanide CTG.	mitiglinide	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
24488695-0	2014	Long-term Effects of Mitiglinide in Japanese Diabetics Inadequately Controlled with DPP-4 Inhibitor or Biguanide Monotherapy.	mitiglinide	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
24320733-0	2014	The dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin do not impair innate and adaptive immune responses.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24320733-0	2014	The dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin do not impair innate and adaptive immune responses.	saxagliptin	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24488695-9	2014	Following the addition of mitiglinide to the treatment regimen for 52 weeks, the early postprandial decrease in insulin secretion improved and PPG improved in both the DPP-4 inhibitor CTG and biguanide CTG.	ctg	184-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
24488695-3	2014	The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of mitiglinide in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor or biguanide monotherapy.	mitiglinide	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-176
24488695-11	2014	The incidence of hypoglycemia in the DPP-4 inhibitor CTG and biguanide CTG was 3.0% (2/67 patients) and 2.9% (2/69 patients), respectively.	ctg	53-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
25003075-1	2014	BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effects of two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, on metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
24888256-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance tests.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
24888256-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance tests.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
24604395-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as an add-on to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
24612167-2	2014	The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin (5 mg/day) in mono, dual or triple oral glucose-lowering regimens in subjects with T2DM and mild or moderate renal impairment (RI).	Linagliptin	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-100
24837407-0	2014	Vildagliptin , a DPP-4 inhibitor for the twice-daily treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without metformin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
24837407-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors increase circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide regulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion.	Glucose	115-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
24399445-5	2014	Here, we found that the subcellular localization of several apical markers including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was strikingly modified in Drebrin E-depleted Caco2 cells.	caco2	163-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
24515526-1	2014	DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin) are approved for the treatment of diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	18-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24399445-5	2014	Here, we found that the subcellular localization of several apical markers including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was strikingly modified in Drebrin E-depleted Caco2 cells.	caco2	163-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
24515526-1	2014	DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin) are approved for the treatment of diabetes.	saxagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24515526-1	2014	DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin) are approved for the treatment of diabetes.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24515526-12	2014	One diabetic patient on a DPP-4 inhibitor developed prolonged hypoglycemia requiring admission and continuous exogenous dextrose.	Glucose	120-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
24870408-6	2014	METHODS: Tumour CD26 expression levels were studied by immunohistochemistry using Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues in 143 patients with CRC.	Formaldehyde	82-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
24559582-0	2014	Cotreatment with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol and DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves glycemic control and reduces the expressions of CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetic Japanese patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
24304170-0	2014	Absorption, metabolism and excretion of [14C]gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in humans.	Carbon-14	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
24304170-0	2014	Absorption, metabolism and excretion of [14C]gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in humans.	LC15-0444	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
24304170-2	2014	Gemigliptin (formerly known as LC15-0444) is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
24304170-2	2014	Gemigliptin (formerly known as LC15-0444) is a newly developed dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
24778221-5	2014	These nAbs bind to three different epitopes in the RBD and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) interface with subnanomolar/nanomolar binding affinities and block the binding of MERS-CoV Spike protein with its hDPP4 receptor.	nabs	6-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
24884787-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, including sitagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
24884787-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, including sitagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
24886621-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin improves function of circulating pro-angiogenic cells from type 2 diabetic patients.	saxagliptin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24886621-3	2014	Herein, we tested whether DPP-4 inhibition with Saxagliptin affects the function of circulating PACs from T2D and healthy subjects.	saxagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
24886621-7	2014	RESULTS: Soluble DPP-4 activity was predominant over cellular activity and was successfully inhibited by Saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
24778221-5	2014	These nAbs bind to three different epitopes in the RBD and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) interface with subnanomolar/nanomolar binding affinities and block the binding of MERS-CoV Spike protein with its hDPP4 receptor.	nabs	6-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
24778221-5	2014	These nAbs bind to three different epitopes in the RBD and human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) interface with subnanomolar/nanomolar binding affinities and block the binding of MERS-CoV Spike protein with its hDPP4 receptor.	nabs	6-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-215
24851042-2	2014	To provide a comprehensive perspective on the physiologic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin, this review will discuss the results of both preclinical and clinical research, summarizing data describing outcomes associated with its use.	Linagliptin	106-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
24851042-5	2014	In accordance with its preclinical profile, linagliptin is unique among available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 compounds because it does not require dose adjustment when used in patients with renal dysfunction.	Linagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
24726088-0	2014	Effect of ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor teneligliptin: an open-label study in healthy white subjects in Germany.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	87-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
24829965-6	2014	Moreover, the use of DPP-4 or SGLT-2 inhibitors significantly decreased risk of diarrhoea compared with placebo, when given concomitantly with metformin.	Metformin	143-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
24517395-0	2014	Adding a DPP-4 inhibitor to metformin therapy may be safer than you think.	Metformin	28-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
24219003-4	2014	Four main subtopics were identified:1) CD26 as the target of pharmacological inhibitors to increase bioavailability of glucagon-like petide-1 (GLP-1) and hence to enhance GLP-1 glucose-lowering activity in diabetic patients; 2) role of CD26 in the physiology and pathology of the cardiovascular system; 3) the adverse prognostic value of CD26 expression on cancer cells; 4) CD26 down-regulation on lymphocytes as a mechanism of TGF-beta immunomodulation.	Glucose	177-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
24853572-4	2014	The combined deficiency of APP and CPN might enhance the inhibiting effect of the DPP IV inhibitor.	cpn	35-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
24154935-1	2014	Linagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug that acts by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Proline	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24941873-3	2014	Chemical stability, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties have been continuously emphasized during the long journey of R&amp;D centered on DPP-4 inhibitors.	Adenosine Monophosphate	126-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
24516103-2	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degrades other peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine, including bradykinin and substance P, which are also substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE).	Alanine	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24499291-6	2014	RESULTS: In head-to-head clinical trials, GLP-1RAs provided greater glycaemic control, weight loss and overall treatment satisfaction vs. the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
24154935-5	2014	Median dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition over a 24-h interval at steady state was 85.9% with linagliptin 5 mg once-daily and 86.5% with 2.5 mg twice-daily, and median dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition values were approximately 80.0% at trough.	Linagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-29
24154935-6	2014	Most subjects had no adverse events and there were no serious adverse events.Linagliptin 5 mg once-daily and 2.5 mg twice-daily provided bioequivalent exposure and similar inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 over the whole dosing interval.	Linagliptin	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-208
24248503-10	2014	The HbA1c response to DPP-4 inhibitors can be modulated mainly by baseline HbA1c and fasting glucose levels: a greater absolute reduction of baseline HbA1c is seen in patients with higher baseline HbA1c and lower fasting glucose level.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
24248503-10	2014	The HbA1c response to DPP-4 inhibitors can be modulated mainly by baseline HbA1c and fasting glucose levels: a greater absolute reduction of baseline HbA1c is seen in patients with higher baseline HbA1c and lower fasting glucose level.	Glucose	221-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
24755682-0	2014	DPP-4 inhibitor attenuates toxic effects of indoxyl sulfate on kidney tubular cells.	Indican	44-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24432999-0	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin maintains beta-cell function in patients with recent-onset latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: one year prospective study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24660890-0	2014	Omarigliptin (MK-3102): a novel long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
24660890-0	2014	Omarigliptin (MK-3102): a novel long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor for once-weekly treatment of type 2 diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-206
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	128-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	128-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	128-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-206
24660890-1	2014	In our effort to discover DPP-4 inhibitors with added benefits over currently commercially available DPP-4 inhibitors, MK-3102 (omarigliptin), was identified as a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic profile amenable for once-weekly human dosing and selected as a clinical development candidate.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	128-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
24755682-5	2014	Effects of DPP-4 inhibitor on viability of HK-2 cells were determined by MTT assay.	monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
24755682-11	2014	Treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor resulted in a significant increase in cell viability and a decrease of ROS production in IS-treated HK-2 cells.	Reactive Oxygen Species	102-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
24755682-14	2014	These findings suggest that DPP-4 inhibitor possesses anti-apoptotic activity to ameliorate the IS-induced renal damage, which may be partly attributed to regulating ROS/p38MAPK/ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways as well as downstream NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Reactive Oxygen Species	166-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
24591193-2	2014	In the interests of finding new protease inhibition activity and selectivity, grassypeptolide A (1) was screened against a panel of proteases and found to inhibit DPP8 selectively over DPP4.	grassypeptolide A	78-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-189
25452864-2	2014	We therefore aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin specifically in Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
24717767-7	2014	DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin was administered for steroid diabetes.	Steroids	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24675378-0	2014	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aminomethyl-piperidones based DPP-IV inhibitors.	aminomethyl-piperidones	53-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
24675378-1	2014	A series of novel aminomethyl-piperidones were designed and evaluated as potential DPP-IV inhibitors.	aminomethyl-piperidones	18-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
24675378-2	2014	Optimized analogue 12v ((4S,5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-2-one) showed excellent in vitro potency and selectivity for DPP-IV over other serine proteases.	(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3-(Acetylamino)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-Thiopyran-2-Yl [(2r,3s,4r,5r)-5-(2,4-Dioxo-3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-1(2h)-Yl)-3,4-Dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-Yl]methyl Dihydrogen Diphosphate	19-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
24717767-7	2014	DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin was administered for steroid diabetes.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24316375-0	2014	Evaluation of (arene)Ru(II) complexes of curcumin as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	arene	15-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
24675378-2	2014	Optimized analogue 12v ((4S,5S)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-2-one) showed excellent in vitro potency and selectivity for DPP-IV over other serine proteases.	(4s,5s)-5-(aminomethyl)-1-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)piperidin-2-one	24-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
24316375-0	2014	Evaluation of (arene)Ru(II) complexes of curcumin as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	ru(ii)	21-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
24316375-0	2014	Evaluation of (arene)Ru(II) complexes of curcumin as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Curcumin	41-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
24316375-2	2014	This action may be attributed at least in part to its anti-inflammatory properties and also to its possible interaction with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), the enzyme that the conversion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), responsible for glucose tolerance into inactive GLP-1.	Glucose	240-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-147
24316375-2	2014	This action may be attributed at least in part to its anti-inflammatory properties and also to its possible interaction with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV), the enzyme that the conversion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), responsible for glucose tolerance into inactive GLP-1.	Glucose	240-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
24316375-8	2014	Collectively, our results demonstrate that the complexation of curcumin with ruthenium(II) could be a promising starting point for the development of curcumin-based DPPIV inhibitors.	Curcumin	63-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
24316375-8	2014	Collectively, our results demonstrate that the complexation of curcumin with ruthenium(II) could be a promising starting point for the development of curcumin-based DPPIV inhibitors.	Ruthenium(II)	77-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
24316375-8	2014	Collectively, our results demonstrate that the complexation of curcumin with ruthenium(II) could be a promising starting point for the development of curcumin-based DPPIV inhibitors.	Curcumin	150-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
24638989-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (Galvus ) is approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24668021-2	2014	Ipragliflozin has received its first global approval in this indication in Japan, for use as monotherapy or in combination with another antihyperglycaemic agent (metformin, pioglitazone, a sulfonylurea, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor or nateglinide).	ipragliflozin	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-258
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Proline	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
24547938-0	2014	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
24547938-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor targeting the incretin system to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
24547938-4	2014	EXPERT OPINION: Vildagliptin is an effective and well-tolerated oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
24687332-0	2014	Novel hydrazine derivatives as selective DPP-IV inhibitors: findings from virtual screening and validation through molecular dynamics simulations.	hydrazine	6-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
24687332-1	2014	The present study demonstrates and validates the discovery of two novel hydrazine derivatives as selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	hydrazine	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-130
24687332-1	2014	The present study demonstrates and validates the discovery of two novel hydrazine derivatives as selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	hydrazine	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
24687332-8	2014	Thus, the study reveals the potential of hydrazine derivatives as highly selective DPP-IV inhibitors.	hydrazine	41-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
24646052-7	2014	EXPERT OPINION: Alogliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that can help in improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, including the elderly.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
24512990-0	2014	Trp-Arg-Xaa tripeptides act as uncompetitive-type inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	trp-arg-xaa	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
24512990-0	2014	Trp-Arg-Xaa tripeptides act as uncompetitive-type inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	tripeptides	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
24512990-3	2014	In the present study, a tripeptide library Trp-Arg-Xaa (where Xaa represents any amino acid) was analyzed to investigate the interactions of peptidergic inhibitors with hDPPIV.	xanthenone-4-acetic acid	51-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	169-175
24512990-4	2014	Trp-Arg-Glu showed the highest inhibitory effect toward hDPPIV (Ki=130 muM).	Trp-Arg-Glu	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
24512990-6	2014	The inhibition mechanism of Trp-Arg-Xaa is discussed based on the crystal structure of hDPPIV.	Tryptophan	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-93
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Proline	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Proline	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	x-pro	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	x-pro	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	x-pro	114-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
24099035-1	2014	The proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV, DPP-4, CD26), widely expressed in mammalians, releases X-Pro/Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Dipeptides	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
24099035-2	2014	DPP IV is responsible of the degradation of the incretin peptide hormones regulating blood glucose levels.	Glucose	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24614606-10	2014	It was found that DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 analogues were in general effective as add-on therapies to existing sulphonylurea therapies, achieving HbA1c reductions by a magnitude of 0.59-0.90% and 0.77-1.62%, respectively.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	113-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
24647445-3	2014	Baseline plasma DPP4 activity was determined as the rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4- methylcoumarin (AMC) from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and active GLP-1 was determined by enzymoimmunoassay.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	72-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
24647445-3	2014	Baseline plasma DPP4 activity was determined as the rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4- methylcoumarin (AMC) from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and active GLP-1 was determined by enzymoimmunoassay.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	99-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
24647445-3	2014	Baseline plasma DPP4 activity was determined as the rate of cleavage of 7-amino-4- methylcoumarin (AMC) from the synthetic substrate H-glycyl-prolyl-AMC and active GLP-1 was determined by enzymoimmunoassay.	h-glycyl-prolyl-amc	133-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
24421302-2	2014	Initial combination therapy of a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) may be rational.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	79-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-61
24491838-0	2014	A salicylate-based small molecule HS-Cm exhibits immunomodulatory effects and inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity in human T cells.	Salicylates	2-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
24531198-4	2014	The journey of DPP-4 inhibitors in the market started from the launch of sitagliptin in 2006 to latest drug teneligliptin in 2012.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
24607023-0	2014	Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of a clinical trial for prevention of atherosclerosis in patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus using DPP-4 inhibitor: the Sitagliptin Preventive study of Intima-media thickness Evaluation (SPIKE).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	187-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
24607023-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is currently used to achieve glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
24607023-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is currently used to achieve glycemic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
24503784-0	2014	Chronic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with sitagliptin is associated with sustained protection against ischemic left ventricular dysfunction in a pilot study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-30
24503784-3	2014	We investigated whether chronic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by sitagliptin protected against ischemic left ventricular dysfunction during dobutamine stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
24503784-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The addition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy with sitagliptin to the treatment regime of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease is associated with a sustained improvement in myocardial performance during dobutamine stress and a reduction in postischemic stunning.	Dobutamine	257-267	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
24503784-8	2014	CONCLUSIONS: The addition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor therapy with sitagliptin to the treatment regime of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease is associated with a sustained improvement in myocardial performance during dobutamine stress and a reduction in postischemic stunning.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
24485397-4	2014	We therefore assessed whether treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin affected cytokine production and T-cell differentiation.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
24142388-0	2014	Modelling the sitagliptin effect on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in adults with haematological malignancies after umbilical cord blood haematopoietic cell transplantation.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
24142388-2	2014	A recent clinical trial using sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been shown to be a promising approach in adults with haematological malignancies after umbilical cord blood (UCB) haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-49
24142388-8	2014	The relationship between sitagliptin concentrations and DPP4 activity was best described by an indirect response model with a negative feedback loop.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
24142388-9	2014	Simulations showed that twice daily or three times daily dosage schedules were superior to a once daily schedule for maximal DPP4 inhibition at the lowest sitagliptin exposure.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	155-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-129
24020750-0	2014	All-cause mortality and cardiovascular effects associated with the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin compared with metformin, a retrospective cohort study on the Danish population.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
24580063-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and linagliptin are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
24296715-8	2014	With the GLP-1r antagonist, the glucose-lowering effects of DPP-4 inhibition were reduced by ~ 50%.	Glucose	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
24296715-11	2014	Thus, a significant DPP-4-sensitive glucose-lowering mechanism contributes to glycemic control in T2D patients that may be not mediated by circulating GLP-1.	Glucose	36-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
24502396-0	2014	Establishment of monoclonal anti-human CD26 antibodies suitable for immunostaining of formalin-fixed tissue.	Formaldehyde	86-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
24457090-2	2014	It was unambiguously confirmed that the configuration of saxagliptin was critical to potent inhibition of DPP-IV.	saxagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
24123720-8	2014	Patients treated with DPP-4 inhibitors are less likely to achieve HbA1c  &lt; 7% compared with sulfonylureas [Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (MH-OR) 0.91; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99].	Sulfonylurea Compounds	95-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
23855261-0	2014	Metabolism and disposition of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor teneligliptin in humans.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	68-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
24128555-7	2014	These results are relevant for the bioactivity and bioavailability of functional foods targeting DPP-IV inhibition with potential blood glucose regulatory properties in humans.	Glucose	136-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
24457090-0	2014	Synthesis and biological evaluation of all eight stereoisomers of DPP-IV inhibitor saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
24457090-1	2014	All eight stereoisomers of saxagliptin have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against DPP-IV.	saxagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	N,N-dimethylarginine	28-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	N,N-dimethylarginine	28-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	ys110	95-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	ys110	95-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	Formaldehyde	221-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	Formaldehyde	221-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	Paraffin	236-244	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-3	2014	Since detection of tumor CD26 expression is required for determining potential eligibility for YS110 therapy, the development of anti-human CD26 mAb that can clearly and reliably detect the denatured CD26 molecule in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues is critical.	Paraffin	236-244	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
24502396-6	2014	The binding competitiveness of novel anti-CD26 mAbs with the humanized anti-CD26 mAb YS110 was also examined.	ys110	85-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
24502396-7	2014	RESULTS: We have succeeded in developing novel anti-human CD26 mAbs suitable for immunohistochemical staining of CD26 in formalin-fixed tissue sections with reliable clarity and intensity.	Formaldehyde	121-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
24502396-7	2014	RESULTS: We have succeeded in developing novel anti-human CD26 mAbs suitable for immunohistochemical staining of CD26 in formalin-fixed tissue sections with reliable clarity and intensity.	Formaldehyde	121-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-117
24186866-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prevent degradation of incretin hormones (glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]), whereas metformin may increase GLP-1 levels.	Metformin	181-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24186866-8	2014	In conclusion, sitagliptin increased intact GLP-1 and GIP through DPP-4 inhibition but reduced total GLP-1 and GIP (feedback inhibition) without affecting the numerical contribution of the incretin effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
24297090-4	2014	In this study, we hypothesized that concomitant administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and prednisolone in men at high risk to develop type 2 diabetes could protect against the GC-induced diabetogenic effects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
24407560-1	2014	Sitagliptin (Januvia( ), Xelevia , Glactiv( ), Tesavel( )) is an orally administered, potent and highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and was the first agent of its class to be approved for use in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-149
24378344-1	2014	AIM: Unlike other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the excretion of linagliptin is mainly through a biliary route.	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
24378344-1	2014	AIM: Unlike other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the excretion of linagliptin is mainly through a biliary route.	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
24407560-1	2014	Sitagliptin (Januvia( ), Xelevia , Glactiv( ), Tesavel( )) is an orally administered, potent and highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and was the first agent of its class to be approved for use in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
24407560-1	2014	Sitagliptin (Januvia( ), Xelevia , Glactiv( ), Tesavel( )) is an orally administered, potent and highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and was the first agent of its class to be approved for use in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-149
24407560-1	2014	Sitagliptin (Januvia( ), Xelevia , Glactiv( ), Tesavel( )) is an orally administered, potent and highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and was the first agent of its class to be approved for use in the management of adults with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
24014134-0	2014	Safety and efficacy of teneligliptin: a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for hemodialysis patients with type 2 diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
23668534-5	2014	Moreover, recent studies have suggested that metformin enhances the biological effect of GLP-1 by increasing GLP-1 secretion, suppressing activity of DPP-4 and upregulating the expression of GLP-1 receptor in pancreatic beta-cells.	Metformin	45-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
24014134-1	2014	PURPOSE: Teneligliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor in development for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus that does not require dose adjustment for diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease; however, it had not been known whether or not teneligliptin is safe or potent in dialysis patients.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	9-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
24640595-0	2014	Capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in pharmaceutical formulation and comparative study with HPLC.	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
24481594-0	2014	Molecular dynamic simulations reveal the mechanism of binding between xanthine inhibitors and DPP-4.	Xanthine	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
24481594-1	2014	We apply molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and binding free energy calculation to investigate and reveal the binding mechanism between five xanthine inhibitors and DPP-4.	Xanthine	161-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-190
24375052-4	2014	The incretin-based agents--agonists of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), an enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide 1--are novel blood-glucose-lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-121
24375052-4	2014	The incretin-based agents--agonists of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), an enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide 1--are novel blood-glucose-lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
24131508-0	2014	Food protein hydrolysates as a source of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides for the management of type 2 diabetes.	Peptides	76-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
24200567-2	2014	The aim of this study was to assay DPP-IV inhibitory peptides that can be present in a water soluble extract of Spanish dry-cured ham.	Water	87-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
24200567-6	2014	Dipeptides AA, GP, PL, and carnosine, as well as peptides AAAAG, ALGGA, and LVSGM were also DPP-IV inhibitors, although at a lower degree.	Dipeptides	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
24375601-2	2014	SUMMARY: Alogliptin is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-117
24375601-2	2014	SUMMARY: Alogliptin is a selective, orally bioavailable inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
24375601-9	2014	Alogliptin selectively binds to and inhibits DPP-4 in vitro at concentrations approximating therapeutic exposures.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
24375601-11	2014	As with the other DPP-4 inhibitors, use of alogliptin may be associated with the development of pancreatitis during therapy.	alogliptin	43-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
24375601-12	2014	CONCLUSION: Alogliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, does not differ greatly from the other DPP-4 inhibitors currently available.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
23844811-3	2014	DPP4 is an ubiquitous protease that regulates not only glucose and lipid metabolism, but also exhibits several systemic effects at different site levels.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
24470754-0	2014	Novel N-substituted aminobenzamide scaffold derivatives targeting the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV enzyme.	n-substituted aminobenzamide	6-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
24470754-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme is considered a pivotal target for controlling normal blood sugar levels in the body.	Sugars	116-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
24470754-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme is considered a pivotal target for controlling normal blood sugar levels in the body.	Sugars	116-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
24470754-5	2014	METHODS: In this study, computer-aided drug design was used to help establish a novel N-substituted aminobenzamide scaffold as a potential inhibitor of DPP-IV.	n-substituted aminobenzamide	86-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-158
24470754-11	2014	CONCLUSION: The N-aminobenzamide scaffold was shown in this study to be a valid scaffold for inhibiting the DPP-IV enzyme.	benzoylhydrazine	16-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Dipeptides	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Dipeptides	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Peptides	87-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Peptides	87-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Proline	107-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Proline	107-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
25140306-1	2014	A cell surface serine protease, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), cleaves dipeptide from peptides containing proline or alanine in the N-terminal penultimate position.	Alanine	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
25756669-0	2014	More effective DPP4 inhibitors as antidiabetics based on sitagliptin applied QSAR and clinical methods.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
25756669-1	2014	Xanthine-based molecules such as serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are compounds often used in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients and also used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in treating asthma symptoms.	Xanthine	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
25756669-1	2014	Xanthine-based molecules such as serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are compounds often used in improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients and also used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in treating asthma symptoms.	Xanthine	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
25756669-2	2014	Here, we aim to better understand the molecular features affecting activity of xanthine-based DPP4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and related compounds and use these features to de novo predict improved sitagliptin derivatives.	Xanthine	79-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
25756669-2	2014	Here, we aim to better understand the molecular features affecting activity of xanthine-based DPP4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and related compounds and use these features to de novo predict improved sitagliptin derivatives.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	118-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
25756669-2	2014	Here, we aim to better understand the molecular features affecting activity of xanthine-based DPP4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and related compounds and use these features to de novo predict improved sitagliptin derivatives.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	203-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
25756669-6	2014	We establish that the physicochemical parameters critical for DPP4 inhibitory activity are: hydrophobicity described by the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, counts of rotatable bonds, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor atoms, and topological polar surface area.	Octanols	141-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
25756669-6	2014	We establish that the physicochemical parameters critical for DPP4 inhibitory activity are: hydrophobicity described by the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, counts of rotatable bonds, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor atoms, and topological polar surface area.	Water	149-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
25756669-6	2014	We establish that the physicochemical parameters critical for DPP4 inhibitory activity are: hydrophobicity described by the logarithm of the octanol/water partition coefficient, counts of rotatable bonds, hydrogen bond donor and acceptor atoms, and topological polar surface area.	Hydrogen	205-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
25756669-8	2014	Based on the established QSAR equations, we propose and analyse 19 new sitagliptin derivatives with possibly improved pharmacological effect as DPP4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
24279801-3	2014	We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial to assess safety and efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	129-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
24993124-0	2014	Alogliptin; a review of a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
24993124-0	2014	Alogliptin; a review of a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
24993124-3	2014	Since 2005, various DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin) have been clinically available in the United States.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
24993124-3	2014	Since 2005, various DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin) have been clinically available in the United States.	Linagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
24993124-3	2014	Since 2005, various DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, linagliptin and saxagliptin) have been clinically available in the United States.	saxagliptin	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
24993124-4	2014	Since 2013, alogliptin is the 4(th) approved DPP-4 inhibitor available on the market.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
24676508-2	2014	Incretin therapy comprises glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4-I): these classes of drugs not only have the ability to reduce blood glucose, but also can exert several cardioprotective effects.	Blood Glucose	184-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
24676508-2	2014	Incretin therapy comprises glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4-I): these classes of drugs not only have the ability to reduce blood glucose, but also can exert several cardioprotective effects.	Blood Glucose	184-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-120
24169807-2	2014	This retrospective analysis evaluated glycaemic efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin added to sulphonylurea.	Linagliptin	114-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
24144654-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with or without metformin.	dapagliflozin	48-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	153-175
24623020-5	2014	Among antidiabetic drugs newly approved for marketing between 2003 and 2012, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin had the largest share with 10.5 million prescriptions in 2012.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
24623020-5	2014	Among antidiabetic drugs newly approved for marketing between 2003 and 2012, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin had the largest share with 10.5 million prescriptions in 2012.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
24225429-0	2014	DPP-4 inhibition with alogliptin on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates albuminuria via up-regulation of SDF-1alpha in type 2 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy.	alogliptin	22-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24320037-4	2014	There are 2 classes of IBTs: the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.	ibts	23-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
24320037-4	2014	There are 2 classes of IBTs: the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.	ibts	23-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
24225429-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is a new class of anti-diabetic drug which exerts its glucose-lowering action by suppressing the degradation of a gut incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24225429-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is a new class of anti-diabetic drug which exerts its glucose-lowering action by suppressing the degradation of a gut incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24225429-2	2014	To elucidate whether treatment with stronger DPP-4 inhibitor on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) provides greater renal protective effects, we performed a crossover study with two DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and alogliptin, in twelve type 2 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy taking ARBs.	alogliptin	233-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
24225429-6	2014	Given a large body of evidence indicating anti-oxidative action of cAMP and up-regulation of cellular cAMP production by SDF-1alpha, the present results suggest that more powerful DPP-4 inhibition on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade would offer additional protection against early-stage diabetic nephropathy beyond that attributed to glycemic control, via reduction of renal oxidative stress by SDF-1alpha-cAMP pathway activation.	Cyclic AMP	67-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
24225429-6	2014	Given a large body of evidence indicating anti-oxidative action of cAMP and up-regulation of cellular cAMP production by SDF-1alpha, the present results suggest that more powerful DPP-4 inhibition on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade would offer additional protection against early-stage diabetic nephropathy beyond that attributed to glycemic control, via reduction of renal oxidative stress by SDF-1alpha-cAMP pathway activation.	Cyclic AMP	102-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
24225429-6	2014	Given a large body of evidence indicating anti-oxidative action of cAMP and up-regulation of cellular cAMP production by SDF-1alpha, the present results suggest that more powerful DPP-4 inhibition on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade would offer additional protection against early-stage diabetic nephropathy beyond that attributed to glycemic control, via reduction of renal oxidative stress by SDF-1alpha-cAMP pathway activation.	Cyclic AMP	102-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
25185672-1	2014	The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of a combination of alogliptin [a dipeptydil peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor] and lansoprazole [a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)] compared with alogliptin mono-therapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	88-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-130
25279360-5	2014	35 of these patients were receiving therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (the vast majority, in association to metformin).	Metformin	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
24802729-3	2014	The aim was to assess lymphocyte subpopulations initially and after 14 days of treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	111-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
24802729-3	2014	The aim was to assess lymphocyte subpopulations initially and after 14 days of treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	140-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
23803146-7	2014	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors, which are safe and effective in controlling the blood glucose, may possibly decrease the risk of CV events in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	85-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
25279360-7	2014	RESULTS: Patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors therapy had a mean peak cardiac troponin plasma level of 50.2+-121.3 ng/ml (n=35), the corresponding value for insulin being 39.2+-108.4 ng/ml (n=56), for metformin the value was 45.8+-97.3 ng/ml (n=93) and for sulfonylureas, 42.4+-77.7 ng/ml (n=52).	Metformin	210-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
25279360-7	2014	RESULTS: Patients on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors therapy had a mean peak cardiac troponin plasma level of 50.2+-121.3 ng/ml (n=35), the corresponding value for insulin being 39.2+-108.4 ng/ml (n=56), for metformin the value was 45.8+-97.3 ng/ml (n=93) and for sulfonylureas, 42.4+-77.7 ng/ml (n=52).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	266-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
24817885-4	2014	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a low incidence of hypoglycemia, is weight neutral, and, in a small study, did not affect immunosuppressant levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
24817885-4	2014	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a low incidence of hypoglycemia, is weight neutral, and, in a small study, did not affect immunosuppressant levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
24373234-2	2014	GLP-1 is secreted from L cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa in response to a meal, and the blood glucose-lowering action of GLP-1 is terminated due to its enzymatic degradation by dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).	Glucose	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-205
25258626-8	2014	Factors affecting the utilization of DPP-4 inhibitors included age (P = 0.049) and concomitant use of beta blockers (P = 0.045) and aspirin (P = 0.008).	Aspirin	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
25180036-2	2014	The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment.	Metformin	162-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
25180036-2	2014	The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment.	Metformin	162-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
25180036-2	2014	The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	176-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
25180036-2	2014	The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of adding a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	176-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
25180036-13	2014	DPP-4 inhibitor as a third-line add-on therapy can achieve significant glycaemic improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on the combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.	Metformin	172-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25180036-13	2014	DPP-4 inhibitor as a third-line add-on therapy can achieve significant glycaemic improvement in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on the combination of metformin and sulphonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	186-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
24739602-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the utility of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) for evaluating the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	189-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-176
23683065-1	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose by preventing the degradation of the endogenous incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Blood Glucose	91-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
24391442-3	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate insulin and glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and consequently a low propensity of hypoglycemia has consistently been reported across different patient populations with these agents.	Glucagon	63-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24391442-3	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate insulin and glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and consequently a low propensity of hypoglycemia has consistently been reported across different patient populations with these agents.	Glucagon	63-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24391442-3	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate insulin and glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and consequently a low propensity of hypoglycemia has consistently been reported across different patient populations with these agents.	Glucose	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24391442-3	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors modulate insulin and glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, and consequently a low propensity of hypoglycemia has consistently been reported across different patient populations with these agents.	Glucose	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24268212-1	2013	Sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, lowers blood glucose when administered as monotherapy or in combination with other antihyperglycemic agents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
25671081-4	2013	In the current work, we first report the inhibition of the native activity of PI-PLC by two DPP4 inhibitors - vildagliptin (LAF-237) and K-579.	Vildagliptin	110-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
24376359-3	2013	The study goal was to determine the efficacy of alogliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, to enhance human beta cell function and proliferation in an in vivo context using diabetic immunodeficient mice engrafted with human pancreatic islets.	alogliptin	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
24403842-3	2013	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are antidiabetic agents that predominantly reduce postprandial plasma glucose levels.	Glucose	166-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
24403842-3	2013	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are antidiabetic agents that predominantly reduce postprandial plasma glucose levels.	Glucose	166-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
24403842-5	2013	GLP-1 receptor agonists are somewhat more effective than DPP-4 inhibitors in reducing postprandial plasma glucose and are usually associated with significant weight loss.	Glucose	106-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
24403842-7	2013	This article reviews the pathogenesis of postprandial hyperglycemia, the mechanisms by which GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors reduce postprandial plasma glucose concentrations, and the results of recent clinical trials (ie, published 2008 to October 2012) that evaluated the effects of these agents on postprandial plasma glucose levels when evaluated as monotherapy compared with placebo or as add-on therapy to metformin, a sulfonylurea, or insulin.	Glucose	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
23990203-0	2013	Association between urinary albumin excretion and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity following treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin: a pilot study.	Vildagliptin	179-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-167
24268212-1	2013	Sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, lowers blood glucose when administered as monotherapy or in combination with other antihyperglycemic agents.	Blood Glucose	62-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
24163113-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin.	saxagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23821355-3	2013	It was, therefore, of interest to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with T2DM &gt;=75 years who also have moderate or severe RI.	Vildagliptin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	99-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-146
24163113-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	99-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
24163113-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	214-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-146
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	214-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	214-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-146
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
24056839-1	2013	Previous studies have revealed that the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide is metabolized by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) to yield GLP-1(9-36)amide and GLP-1(28-36)amide, respectively, as the principal metabolites.	Amides	214-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
24163113-14	2013	Least-squares (LS) mean trough %DPP-4 inhibition was 73.5%, 91.7%, 28.9%, 90.6%, and 3.5% after saxa-5, sita-100, vilda-50-q.d., vilda-50-b.i.d., and placebo, respectively.	sita	104-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
24163113-15	2013	In patients treated with sita-100, the LS-mean difference in trough %DPP-4 inhibition was 18.2% greater than with saxa-5 (p &lt; 0.001), 62.9% greater than with vilda-50-q.d.	sita	25-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
24163113-21	2013	CONCLUSION: Once daily treatment with sitagliptin provided trough DPP-4 inhibition significantly greater than saxagliptin or vildagliptin administered once daily, and similar to that provided by vildagliptin administered twice daily.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
24193022-0	2013	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by tryptophan containing dipeptides.	Tryptophan	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
24193022-0	2013	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by tryptophan containing dipeptides.	Tryptophan	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
24193022-0	2013	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by tryptophan containing dipeptides.	Dipeptides	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
24193022-0	2013	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) by tryptophan containing dipeptides.	Dipeptides	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
24193022-1	2013	Twenty seven Trp containing dipeptides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), a key enzyme involved in incretin hormone processing.	Tryptophan	13-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
24193022-1	2013	Twenty seven Trp containing dipeptides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), a key enzyme involved in incretin hormone processing.	Tryptophan	13-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
24193022-1	2013	Twenty seven Trp containing dipeptides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), a key enzyme involved in incretin hormone processing.	Dipeptides	28-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
24193022-1	2013	Twenty seven Trp containing dipeptides were evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), a key enzyme involved in incretin hormone processing.	Dipeptides	28-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
24193022-2	2013	Novel DPP-IV inhibitors were identified comprising of three potent dipeptides (Trp-Arg, Trp-Lys and Trp-Leu) with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) &lt;45 muM.	Dipeptides	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
24193022-2	2013	Novel DPP-IV inhibitors were identified comprising of three potent dipeptides (Trp-Arg, Trp-Lys and Trp-Leu) with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) &lt;45 muM.	Trp-Arg	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
24193022-2	2013	Novel DPP-IV inhibitors were identified comprising of three potent dipeptides (Trp-Arg, Trp-Lys and Trp-Leu) with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) &lt;45 muM.	Tryptophan	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
24193022-2	2013	Novel DPP-IV inhibitors were identified comprising of three potent dipeptides (Trp-Arg, Trp-Lys and Trp-Leu) with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) &lt;45 muM.	Lysine	92-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
24193022-2	2013	Novel DPP-IV inhibitors were identified comprising of three potent dipeptides (Trp-Arg, Trp-Lys and Trp-Leu) with half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50 values) &lt;45 muM.	tryptophan-leucine	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
24193022-5	2013	Phosphorylation resulted in an increase in DPP-IV IC50, giving values of 482.1 +- 12.9 and &gt;11,000 muM for Trp-Thr and Trp-pThr, respectively.	Tryptophan	110-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
24193022-5	2013	Phosphorylation resulted in an increase in DPP-IV IC50, giving values of 482.1 +- 12.9 and &gt;11,000 muM for Trp-Thr and Trp-pThr, respectively.	Threonine	114-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Cholesterol	235-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24193022-5	2013	Phosphorylation resulted in an increase in DPP-IV IC50, giving values of 482.1 +- 12.9 and &gt;11,000 muM for Trp-Thr and Trp-pThr, respectively.	Tryptophan	122-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Cholesterol	235-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24193022-5	2013	Phosphorylation resulted in an increase in DPP-IV IC50, giving values of 482.1 +- 12.9 and &gt;11,000 muM for Trp-Thr and Trp-pThr, respectively.	pthr	126-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Triglycerides	248-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Triglycerides	248-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	267-282	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24038034-1	2013	DPP8 and DPP9 are recently identified members of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme family, which is characterized by the rare ability to cleave a post-proline bond two residues from the N-terminus of a substrate.	Proline	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
24362783-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs have been shown to improve glycemic control without promoting weight gain and to exert beneficial effects on lipid profile by reducing total and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and free fatty acid levels.	Fatty Acids, Nonesterified	267-282	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24038034-1	2013	DPP8 and DPP9 are recently identified members of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme family, which is characterized by the rare ability to cleave a post-proline bond two residues from the N-terminus of a substrate.	Proline	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
24358058-0	2013	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N4-Sulfonamido-Succinamic, Phthalamic, Acrylic and Benzoyl Acetic Acid Derivatives as Potential DPP IV Inhibitors.	n4-sulfonamido-succinamic	47-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
24358058-0	2013	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N4-Sulfonamido-Succinamic, Phthalamic, Acrylic and Benzoyl Acetic Acid Derivatives as Potential DPP IV Inhibitors.	phthalamic	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
24358058-0	2013	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N4-Sulfonamido-Succinamic, Phthalamic, Acrylic and Benzoyl Acetic Acid Derivatives as Potential DPP IV Inhibitors.	acrylic	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
24358058-0	2013	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of N4-Sulfonamido-Succinamic, Phthalamic, Acrylic and Benzoyl Acetic Acid Derivatives as Potential DPP IV Inhibitors.	3-keto-3-phenylpropionic acid	98-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
24358058-5	2013	One of the interesting reported anti- DPP IV hits is Gemifloxacin which is used as a lead compound for the development of new DPP IV inhibitors.	Gemifloxacin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
24843724-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that increase incretin hormone levels to enhance blood sugar level-dependent insulinotropic effects, suppress glucagon action, and reduce bowel motility.	Sugars	133-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
24843724-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are a new class of antidiabetic drugs that increase incretin hormone levels to enhance blood sugar level-dependent insulinotropic effects, suppress glucagon action, and reduce bowel motility.	Glucagon	188-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
24358058-5	2013	One of the interesting reported anti- DPP IV hits is Gemifloxacin which is used as a lead compound for the development of new DPP IV inhibitors.	Gemifloxacin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
24094437-3	2013	Here, we describe the development of a novel DPP-IV-resistant, long-acting GLP1R agonist, based on derivatization of a suitably chosen OXM analog with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) ("PEGylation").	Polyethylene Glycols	173-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
24094437-3	2013	Here, we describe the development of a novel DPP-IV-resistant, long-acting GLP1R agonist, based on derivatization of a suitably chosen OXM analog with high molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG) ("PEGylation").	Polyethylene Glycols	194-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
23757605-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, DPP-4 inhibitors are an effective means of controlling blood glucose in patients with T2DM and renal impairment.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
24285765-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-117
24285765-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
24285927-7	2013	When choosing between EQW and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, such as sitagliptin, clinicians and patients should consider the differences between the two medications in terms of glucose control (EQW superior to DPP-4 inhibitors), weight control (EQW superior to DPP-4 inhibitors), gastrointestinal tolerability during treatment initiation (EQW inferior to DPP-4 inhibitors), and mode of administration (once-weekly subcutaneous administration versus once-daily oral administration).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
24741735-0	2013	Saxagliptin (Onglyza): Indicated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Improve Glycemic Control in Combination with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea when Dual Therapy with these Two Agents, with Diet and Exercise, does not Provide Adequate Glycemic Control Saxagliptin (Onglyza) is an oral antihyperglycemic agent belonging to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	334-356
24741735-0	2013	Saxagliptin (Onglyza): Indicated in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus to Improve Glycemic Control in Combination with Metformin and a Sulfonylurea when Dual Therapy with these Two Agents, with Diet and Exercise, does not Provide Adequate Glycemic Control Saxagliptin (Onglyza) is an oral antihyperglycemic agent belonging to the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	358-363
23411609-1	2013	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a primarily nonrenal route of excretion.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
23411609-1	2013	Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a primarily nonrenal route of excretion.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
24285765-5	2013	DATA SYNTHESIS: Alogliptin is a highly selective and potent competitive inhibitor of DPP-4.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
23918649-2	2013	DPP IV inhibitors improve glycemic control by preventing the rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones; glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
24126227-6	2013	Advantages of DPP-4 inhibitors include an oral route of administration, a mechanism of action based on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and a low risk of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
23489256-1	2013	AIM: The aim of this case-control study was to assess the efficacy and safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	115-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
24026560-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: Preclinical data suggest that linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, may lower urinary albumin excretion.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-78
23768405-0	2013	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and xanthine oxidase by amino acids and dipeptides.	Dipeptides	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
23768405-1	2013	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition by amino acids and dipeptides was studied.	Dipeptides	89-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
23768405-1	2013	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition by amino acids and dipeptides was studied.	Dipeptides	89-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
23768405-4	2013	Trp and Trp-Val were multifunctional inhibitors of XO and DPP-IV.	Tryptophan	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
23768405-4	2013	Trp and Trp-Val were multifunctional inhibitors of XO and DPP-IV.	H-Trp-Val-OH	8-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
23768405-5	2013	Lineweaver and Burk analysis showed that Trp was a non-competitive inhibitor of XO and a competitive inhibitor of DPP-IV.	Tryptophan	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-120
23768405-7	2013	Because of the non-competitive inhibition observed, docking of Trp-Val to the secondary binding sites of XO and DPP-IV is required.	H-Trp-Val-OH	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
23083118-0	2013	Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel imidazolone derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.	imidazolone	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-102
23861159-0	2013	Efficacy of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on glucose parameters, the activity of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) - receptor for AGE (RAGE) axis and albuminuria in Japanese type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
24068167-13	2013	Teduglutide reduced the mean (SD) expression of villin by 29% (6%), Cdx2 by 31% (10%), DPP-4 by 15% (6%), GLUT2 by 40% (11%), SLFN12 by 61% (14%), and sucrase-isomaltase by 28% (8%) (n = 6, P &lt; .05 for all).	teduglutide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
23083118-4	2013	The results revealed that some imidazolone derivatives showed potent DPP-4 inhibition.	imidazolone	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
24279445-10	2013	CONCLUSION: DPP 4 inhibitor saxagliptin did not increase the occurrence of ischemic cardiovascular events but it inclined to an increased hospitalisation for heart failure in patients with the already present heart failure.	saxagliptin	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
23972359-0	2013	The development of angioedema in a patient with type 2 diabetes due to a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, anagliptin.	anagliptin	114-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-102
23870706-2	2013	We have analyzed the clinical (diabetic treatment adherence, metabolic control, hypoglycemia and macrovascular complications) and economic (resource use and costs) consequences of the combination of metformin with dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors (DPPIV) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	199-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-252
23870706-5	2013	Two groups of patients were established: a) metformin with DPPIV and metformin with other diabetic drugs.	Metformin	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
23870706-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of the study, patients treated with metformin associated to DPPIV were more likely to show increased adherence, metabolic control and lower rates of hypoglycemia than those treated with metformin associated to other antidiabetics.	Metformin	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
23948125-2	2013	We aimed to assess the effectiveness of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
23992601-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of many current antihyperglycemic agents, including saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, are unclear.	saxagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
23770236-2	2013	Here, we provide evidence for the first time that DPP-IV activity contributes to the formation of aspartate-alanine diketopiperazine (DA-DKP), a known immunomodulatory molecule from the N terminus of human albumin.	aspartate-alanine diketopiperazine	98-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
23770236-2	2013	Here, we provide evidence for the first time that DPP-IV activity contributes to the formation of aspartate-alanine diketopiperazine (DA-DKP), a known immunomodulatory molecule from the N terminus of human albumin.	aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine	134-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
23770236-10	2013	The formation of DA-DKP at 60 C was observed with the DPP-IV inhibitor significantly decreasing this formation.	aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine	17-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-60
24124385-4	2013	Incretin-based therapies, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, are a recent therapeutic class of glucose-lowering agents that may offer an effective treatment option in patients with chronic kidney disease.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
24124385-5	2013	Within the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 class, linagliptin has a unique profile with a primarily nonrenal route of elimination, requiring no dose adjustment in patients with chronic kidney disease.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
23771499-0	2013	Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor: first new anti-diabetic drug in the history of Korean pharmaceutical industry.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
23771499-1	2013	Gemigliptin, a potent, selective and long-acting DPP 4 inhibitor was developed by LG Life Sciences and approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by the Korean Food and Drug Administration in June 2012 under the trade name Zemiglo( ).	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
23992601-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The cardiovascular safety and efficacy of many current antihyperglycemic agents, including saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, are unclear.	saxagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
23992601-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin did not increase or decrease the rate of ischemic events, though the rate of hospitalization for heart failure was increased.	saxagliptin	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
23992602-2	2013	We assessed cardiovascular outcomes with alogliptin, a new inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), as compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary syndrome.	alogliptin	41-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
23992602-2	2013	We assessed cardiovascular outcomes with alogliptin, a new inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), as compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes who had had a recent acute coronary syndrome.	alogliptin	41-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
23972441-0	2013	Novel tetrahydropyran analogs as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: Profile of clinical candidate (2R,3S,5R)-2- (2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(4,6-dihydropyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrazol-5-(1H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine (23) [corrected].	TETRAHYDROPYRAN	6-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-56
23972441-1	2013	A series of novel tri-2,3,5-substituted tetrahydropyran analogs were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	tri-2,3,5-substituted tetrahydropyran	18-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
23972441-1	2013	A series of novel tri-2,3,5-substituted tetrahydropyran analogs were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	tri-2,3,5-substituted tetrahydropyran	18-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
23711188-1	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes by blocking cleavage of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
24500557-3	2013	Although the results of large-scale cardiovascular outcome trials eagerly are anticipated, an increasing body of literature from preclinical and early phase clinical studies has indicated that both GLP-1R agonists and DPP4 inhibitors may exert glucose-independent cardiovascular effects.	Glucose	244-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	218-222
23711188-1	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes by blocking cleavage of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
23711188-1	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes by blocking cleavage of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).	Blood Glucose	66-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
23949898-2	2013	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin versus placebo as add-on therapy in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with insulin alone or insulin plus metformin.	saxagliptin	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
23711188-7	2013	Individuals taking sitagliptin displayed increases in the percentage of cells expressing higher levels of CD26 at early time-points compared to placebo controls, but these differences resolved by day 28 of treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
24050737-0	2013	A comparative study of the effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor and sulfonylurea on glucose variability in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control on metformin.	Glucose	94-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
23594109-10	2013	Significant differences in cardiovascular risk could be present in direct comparisons with specific classes of glucose-lowering agents, such as DPP4 inhibitors, but this hypothesis needs to be confirmed in long-term cardiovascular outcomes trials.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
24191255-1	2013	Teneligliptin, characterized by a "J-shaped" structure formed by five consecutive rings, is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
24191255-1	2013	Teneligliptin, characterized by a "J-shaped" structure formed by five consecutive rings, is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-130
23994324-1	2013	The superposition of the DPP-IV complex revealed that the butynyl group of Linagliptin can be freely switched with the cyanobenzyl group of Alogliptin.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
24191255-4	2013	A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study revealed that teneligliptin inhibits DPP IV activity over 24 hours, with elevation of activated glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels and the resulting suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia at all three daily meals.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	54-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
23994324-1	2013	The superposition of the DPP-IV complex revealed that the butynyl group of Linagliptin can be freely switched with the cyanobenzyl group of Alogliptin.	cyanobenzyl	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
23994324-1	2013	The superposition of the DPP-IV complex revealed that the butynyl group of Linagliptin can be freely switched with the cyanobenzyl group of Alogliptin.	alogliptin	140-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
23994324-2	2013	Thus, a pharmacophore hybridization of Alogliptin was initiated and led to a novel DPP-IV inhibitor, 11a.	alogliptin	39-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
23994324-4	2013	A novel series of potent DPP-IV inhibitors represented by compound 11m (IC50=0.4 nM) was ultimately obtained with a robust pharmacokinetic profile and superior in vitro and in vivo efficacy compared to Alogliptin.	alogliptin	202-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	Linagliptin	108-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
23919507-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors belong to one class of drugs that have been approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) based on the glucose-lowering actions of the gastrointestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1.	Glucose	159-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-42
23981060-1	2013	BACKGROUND: DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP4-I) have been shown to provide non-inferior glycaemic control compared with sulfonylureas (SU), but result in a reduction of body weight and a significantly lower risk of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.	dpp4-i	30-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
24298724-1	2013	Sitagliptin (Januvia) was the first selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 commercialized for the management of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
24068868-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes therapy--focus on alogliptin.	alogliptin	71-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	76-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	116-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	saxagliptin	95-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	alogliptin	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
24031162-2	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor acts through the incretin pathway and has a glucose dependent mode of action.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
24031162-2	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor acts through the incretin pathway and has a glucose dependent mode of action.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
24031162-2	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor acts through the incretin pathway and has a glucose dependent mode of action.	Glucose	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
24031162-2	2013	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor acts through the incretin pathway and has a glucose dependent mode of action.	Glucose	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
23855508-5	2013	Glucose-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors both decrease fasting and postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
23579178-0	2013	Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study.	Glucose	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
23579178-0	2013	Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
23579178-0	2013	Mechanisms of glucose lowering of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when used alone or with metformin in type 2 diabetes: a double-tracer study.	Metformin	103-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
24034516-6	2013	The new drugs belonging to the class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors have shown the reduction of postprandial glucose, a neutral effect on weight increase, a good safety profile and preliminary positive cardiovascular effects.	Glucose	115-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
23848558-0	2013	Cognitive and functional influences of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, added to ongoing metformin therapy in elderly with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23331248-1	2013	AIM: This was an open label, multicentre phase I trial to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-135
23331248-1	2013	AIM: This was an open label, multicentre phase I trial to study the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin in African American patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
23464664-0	2013	Efficacy, safety and dose-response relationship of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	51-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-90
23855508-5	2013	Glucose-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors both decrease fasting and postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
23464664-1	2013	AIM: To assess the efficacy, safety and dose-response relationship of once-daily teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	81-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-126
24772702-0	2013	Clinical review of sitagliptin: a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
24772702-4	2013	Sitagliptin is highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor that has been approved for type 2 diabetes therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
23607811-0	2013	3D QSAR and docking studies of various amido and benzyl-substituted 3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl analogs as DPP-IV inhibitors.	amido	39-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
24025495-0	2013	[Pharmacological and clinical profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate (TENELIA( )].	Teneligliptin hydrobromide hydrate	65-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
23872069-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a circulating glycoprotein that impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and is linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23872069-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a circulating glycoprotein that impairs insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and is linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23872069-10	2013	Training decreased plasma DPP-4 by 10% (421.8+-30.1 vs. 378.3+-32.5ng/ml; P&lt;0.04), and the decrease in DPP-4 was associated with clamp-derived insulin sensitivity (r=-0.59; P&lt;0.04), HOMA-IR (r=0.59; P&lt;0.04) and fat oxidation (r=-0.54; P&lt;0.05).	homa-	188-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
23607811-0	2013	3D QSAR and docking studies of various amido and benzyl-substituted 3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl analogs as DPP-IV inhibitors.	benzyl-substituted 3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl	49-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
23607811-1	2013	The article describes the development of a robust pharmacophore model and the investigation of structure activity relationship analysis of 3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl analogs reported for DPP-IV inhibition using PHASE module of Schrodinger software.	3-amino-4-(2-cyanopyrrolidide)pyrrolidinyl	139-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
23607811-9	2013	In addition to the hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrophobic character, electro withdrawing character positively contributes to the DPP-IV inhibition.	Hydrogen	19-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
23530834-0	2013	Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of (s)-phenylalanine derivatives with a 2-cyanopyrrolidine moiety as potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.	Phenylalanine	65-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-160
24180204-2	2013	Among these, the addition of an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, a medication commonly named as gliptin, is increasingly used because of two main advantages over sulfonylureas, i.e. the absence of both hypoglycaemia and weight gain.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	185-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
24180204-2	2013	Among these, the addition of an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, a medication commonly named as gliptin, is increasingly used because of two main advantages over sulfonylureas, i.e. the absence of both hypoglycaemia and weight gain.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	185-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
24180204-6	2013	The most recent one is Jentadueto, which combines linagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor without renal excretion, and metformin, the first-line antidiabetic compound.	Linagliptin	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
24004910-2	2013	FINDINGS: We investigated sera of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with metformin and sulfonylurea, insulin glargine or a DPP-4 inhibitor (DPP4i).	dpp4i	160-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
24039399-1	2013	Sitagliptin is the first dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor to be used in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-46
23984879-0	2013	Advanced glycation end products evoke endothelial cell damage by stimulating soluble dipeptidyl peptidase-4 production and its interaction with mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor.	mannose-6-phosphate	144-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-107
23984879-4	2013	METHODS: In this study, we investigated the effects of DPP-4 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RAGE gene expression in ECs.	Reactive Oxygen Species	64-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23984879-4	2013	METHODS: In this study, we investigated the effects of DPP-4 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and RAGE gene expression in ECs.	Reactive Oxygen Species	89-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23984879-5	2013	We further examined whether an inhibitor of DPP-4, linagliptin inhibited AGE-induced soluble DPP-4 production, ROS generation, RAGE, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene expression in ECs.	Linagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
23984879-5	2013	We further examined whether an inhibitor of DPP-4, linagliptin inhibited AGE-induced soluble DPP-4 production, ROS generation, RAGE, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene expression in ECs.	Linagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
23984879-6	2013	RESULTS: DPP-4 dose-dependently increased ROS generation and RAGE gene expression in ECs, which were prevented by linagliptin.	Reactive Oxygen Species	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
23984879-6	2013	RESULTS: DPP-4 dose-dependently increased ROS generation and RAGE gene expression in ECs, which were prevented by linagliptin.	Linagliptin	114-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
23984879-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that AGE-RAGE-induced ROS generation stimulates the release of DPP-4 from ECs, which could in turn act on ECs directly via the interaction with M6P/IGF-IIR, further potentiating the deleterious effects of AGEs.	Reactive Oxygen Species	62-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
23984879-10	2013	The blockade by linagliptin of positive feedback loop between AGE-RAGE axis and DPP-4 might be a novel therapeutic target for vascular injury in diabetes.	Linagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
23530834-0	2013	Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking studies of (s)-phenylalanine derivatives with a 2-cyanopyrrolidine moiety as potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	102-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-160
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine	129-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine	129-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine	129-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	208-213
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	2,6-disulfonic acid anthraquinone	178-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	2,6-disulfonic acid anthraquinone	178-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
23530834-2	2013	Biological evaluation revealed that most tested compounds were potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors; among them, the cyclopropyl-substituted phenylalanine derivative 11h displayed the most potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.247 mum.	2,6-disulfonic acid anthraquinone	178-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	208-213
23700263-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, the first of a new class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-inhibitory oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (OHDs), was introduced in Japan in December 2009.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
23700263-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, the first of a new class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-inhibitory oral antihyperglycaemic drugs (OHDs), was introduced in Japan in December 2009.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
23700263-9	2013	The primary outcome measure of this study was dose of glimepiride, glibenclamide or gliclazide prescribed for DPP-4 and non-DPP-4 patients.	glimepiride	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
23700263-9	2013	The primary outcome measure of this study was dose of glimepiride, glibenclamide or gliclazide prescribed for DPP-4 and non-DPP-4 patients.	Gliclazide	84-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
23700263-11	2013	The mean prescribed glimepiride dose in DPP-4 patients was also reduced from 2.79 +- 1.81 mg in Period 1 (before the alert) to 2.38 +- 1.71 mg in Period 2 (after the alert) [p &lt; 0.0001], whereas the corresponding change in the case of non-DPP-4 patients was from 2.01 +- 1.56 mg to 2.01 +- 1.54 mg (p = 0.94).	glimepiride	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
23700263-11	2013	The mean prescribed glimepiride dose in DPP-4 patients was also reduced from 2.79 +- 1.81 mg in Period 1 (before the alert) to 2.38 +- 1.71 mg in Period 2 (after the alert) [p &lt; 0.0001], whereas the corresponding change in the case of non-DPP-4 patients was from 2.01 +- 1.56 mg to 2.01 +- 1.54 mg (p = 0.94).	glimepiride	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	242-247
23700263-14	2013	The reduction of prescribed sulfonylurea dose in DPP-4 patients following the safety alert coincided with a decrease of adverse event reports.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	28-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
23700263-17	2013	There was a significant reduction in sulfonylurea dose after the alert in DPP-4 patients, but not in non-DPP-4 patients.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
23966808-3	2013	Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, provides a secondary mechanism of action to decrease hyperglycemia when used in combination with metformin.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
23782587-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) enzyme, and voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor widely prescribed in Japan, when coadministered in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-164
23782587-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) enzyme, and voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor widely prescribed in Japan, when coadministered in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
23782587-5	2013	The percentage of DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin remained unchanged when vildagliptin was given alone or co-administered with voglibose; maximum inhibition was 98.3 +- 1.4% (mean +- SD) for vildagliptin alone and 97.4 +- 1.1% with co-administration.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
23637126-1	2013	Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) 4 has the potential to truncate proteins with a penultimate alanine, proline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminus.	Proline	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
23806684-6	2013	When VSMCs were treated with different concentration of liraglutide (a GLP-1 agonist) or NVPDPP728 (a DPP-4 inhibitor), expression of ROS decreased compared with ox-LDL alone treatment.	1-(((2-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine	89-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
23806684-6	2013	When VSMCs were treated with different concentration of liraglutide (a GLP-1 agonist) or NVPDPP728 (a DPP-4 inhibitor), expression of ROS decreased compared with ox-LDL alone treatment.	Reactive Oxygen Species	134-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
23489301-1	2013	AIM: As there have been concerns that some classes or agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes may increase CV risk, we evaluated the cardiovascular profile of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin.	alogliptin	200-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-189
23637126-1	2013	Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) 4 has the potential to truncate proteins with a penultimate alanine, proline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminus.	Alanine	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
24843685-0	2013	Efficacy of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors combined with dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor (alogliptin) for glucose fluctuation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by continuous glucose monitoring.	Glucose	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
23488656-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti-diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23488656-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti-diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23488656-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti-diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23359361-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: In type 2 diabetes, acute administration of a D-xylose preload reduces postprandial glycemia and enhances the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Xylose	59-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-140
23564755-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: SAVOR-TIMI 53 was designed to study the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin on cardiovascular outcomes in high risk type 2 diabetes patients with diverse levels of diabetes control and background anti-diabetic drugs.	saxagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
23659561-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin compared with sulphonylureas (SU) in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were fasting during Ramadan in the UK.	Vildagliptin	77-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
30736150-4	2013	In a recent long-term Phase III comparative trial by Gallwitz et al., the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin demonstrated noninferior glycemic efficacy compared with glimepiride as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-96
23645884-3	2013	In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	118-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
23645884-3	2013	In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	118-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
23645885-3	2013	In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	118-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
23645885-3	2013	In addition, there are significant data with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors showing efficacy comparable to sulfonylureas but with weight neutral effects and reduced risk for hypoglycemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	118-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
23621381-3	2013	AREAS COVERED: An extensive literature search was performed to analyze clinical cases of acute pancreatitis reported in the literature or to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in randomized clinical trials, and in observational studies with five DPP-4 inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, and linagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	269-280	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	251-256
23633194-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: We show that the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin protected from gluco-, lipo-, and cytokine-toxicity and stabilized active GLP-1 secreted from human islets.	Linagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
23602966-0	2013	Alogliptin, a dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor, for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, induces tolerance to focal cerebral ischemia in non-diabetic, normal mice.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-35
23633194-0	2013	The DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin restores beta-cell function and survival in human isolated islets through GLP-1 stabilization.	Linagliptin	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
23633194-3	2013	OBJECTIVE: Herein we investigated the effect of linagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, on beta-cell function and survival.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
23602966-3	2013	Alogliptin benzoate (AGL), a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) functioning as a long-acting agonist of GLP-1, is in clinical use worldwide for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.	alogliptin	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-73
23602966-3	2013	Alogliptin benzoate (AGL), a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) functioning as a long-acting agonist of GLP-1, is in clinical use worldwide for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.	alogliptin	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
23602966-3	2013	Alogliptin benzoate (AGL), a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) functioning as a long-acting agonist of GLP-1, is in clinical use worldwide for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.	alogliptin	21-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-73
23602966-3	2013	Alogliptin benzoate (AGL), a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) functioning as a long-acting agonist of GLP-1, is in clinical use worldwide for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.	alogliptin	21-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
23625925-6	2013	Furthermore, the sorafenib-mediated suppression of immune effector cells, in particular the reduction of the CD8(+) T cell subset along with the down-regulation of key immune cell markers such as chemokine CC motif receptor 7 (CCR7), CD26, CD69, CD25, and CXCR3, was not observed in axitinib-treated immune effector cells.	Sorafenib	17-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	234-238
23805228-6	2013	On the other hand, the selective DPPIV inhibitor sitagliptin inhibited the increase in TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression as well as the increase in ERK, c-Fos, NF-kappaB p50, NF-kappaB p65, and CUX1 levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
23677473-3	2013	DPPIV is a serine protease present in extracellular fluids that cleaves peptides with a proline or alanine in the second position.	Proline	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23677473-3	2013	DPPIV is a serine protease present in extracellular fluids that cleaves peptides with a proline or alanine in the second position.	Alanine	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23320436-1	2013	AIMS: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, gemigliptin versus sitagliptin added to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
22062893-2	2013	In endothelium, cell surface adenosine deaminase (ADA) complexing CD26 is coordinately induced during ischaemia as part of an adaptative response by eliminating adenosine.	Adenosine	29-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
24900744-0	2013	Integrated Synthesis and Testing of Substituted Xanthine Based DPP4 Inhibitors: Application to Drug Discovery.	Xanthine	48-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
23320436-0	2013	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin compared with sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.	LC15-0444	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
23618553-1	2013	A potential adverse effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on the pancreas remains controversial.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	65-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
23600363-0	2013	Glycemic control after addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes showing inadequate response to thrice-a-day treatment with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	alogliptin	72-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
23618553-1	2013	A potential adverse effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) on the pancreas remains controversial.	N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)quinoxalin-2-carboxamide	69-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
23671547-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the effectiveness of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for type 2 diabetes, with a hypoglycemic effect being demonstrated both when it is administered alone or in combination with other oral antidiabetic agents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
23539735-8	2013	After active glucose control for 12 weeks in drug-naive T2DM patients (n = 50), CD26/DPP4 expression on blood T cells was significantly decreased.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
23539735-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the CD26/DPP4 level on blood T cells was associated with glucose control status in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
23539735-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the CD26/DPP4 level on blood T cells was associated with glucose control status in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	Metformin	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	Metformin	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	140-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
23318959-5	2013	The basis for synergy was independent of vildagliptin"s primary action as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-119
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	140-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	Metformin	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	212-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
23539735-6	2013	Serum CD26/DPP4 levels and enzymatic activities were also higher in patients with T2DM than in the control group only when metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients were excluded; metformin and/or thiazolidinedione-treated T2DM patients had lower values compared with other T2DM patients.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	212-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
23539735-8	2013	After active glucose control for 12 weeks in drug-naive T2DM patients (n = 50), CD26/DPP4 expression on blood T cells was significantly decreased.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
23749075-0	2013	[Preclinical and clinical aspects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor anagliptin].	anagliptin	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	91-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Proline	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
23579020-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases II and IV (DPPII and DPPIV) are serine proteases removing N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins with proline or alanine on the penultimate position.	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
23579020-4	2013	Alanine is an N-terminal penultimate residue in Abetas, and we presumed that DPPII and DPPIV could cleave them.	Alanine	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
23579020-7	2013	The time-dependent increase of the quantity of primary amines during incubation of peptides in the presence of DPPIV suggested their truncation by DPPIV, but not by DPPII.	Amines	55-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
23579020-7	2013	The time-dependent increase of the quantity of primary amines during incubation of peptides in the presence of DPPIV suggested their truncation by DPPIV, but not by DPPII.	Amines	55-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
23579020-10	2013	DPPIV hindered the peptide aggregation/fibrillation during 3-4 days incubation in 20mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 37 C by 50-80%.	Phosphates	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23730503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated.	Metformin	159-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
23730503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated.	Metformin	159-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
23730503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated.	Metformin	240-249	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
23730503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors have become an important orally active drug class for the treatment of type 2 diabetes as second-line therapy after metformin failure or as monotherapy or combination therapy with other drugs when metformin is not tolerated or contraindicated.	Metformin	240-249	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
23730503-5	2013	Linagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that is eliminated by a hepatobiliary route, whereas the other DPP-4 inhibitors available today show a renal elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
23501107-3	2013	We determined the co-crystal structure of vildagliptin with DPP-4 by X-ray crystallography and compared the binding modes of six launched inhibitors in DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
23671395-0	2013	Teneligliptin: a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
23671395-2	2013	Teneligliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, exhibits a unique structure characterized by five consecutive rings, which produce a potent and long-lasting effect.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
23671395-6	2013	The safety profile of teneligliptin is similar to those of other available DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	22-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
23697612-4	2013	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, it is possible to slow the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP, promoting blood glucose level reduction in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
23697612-4	2013	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, it is possible to slow the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP, promoting blood glucose level reduction in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
23697612-4	2013	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, it is possible to slow the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP, promoting blood glucose level reduction in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
23697612-4	2013	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, it is possible to slow the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP, promoting blood glucose level reduction in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
23697612-5	2013	Linagliptin is a highly specific and potent inhibitor of DPP-4 that is currently indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
23519473-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidases (DP) 8 and 9 are homologous, cytoplasmic N-terminal post-proline-cleaving enzymes that are anti-targets for the development of DP4 (DPPIV/CD26) inhibitors for treating type II diabetes.	Proline	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
23501107-3	2013	We determined the co-crystal structure of vildagliptin with DPP-4 by X-ray crystallography and compared the binding modes of six launched inhibitors in DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
23170990-1	2013	AIM: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor gemigliptin (LC15-0444) 50 mg versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
23305140-1	2013	The article describes the development of a robust pharmacophore model and the investigation of structure activity relationship analysis of 46 xanthine derivatives reported for DPP-IV inhibition using PHASE module of Schrodinger software.	Xanthine	142-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-182
23170990-1	2013	AIM: This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor gemigliptin (LC15-0444) 50 mg versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes.	LC15-0444	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
23274909-2	2013	T2D patients are routinely treated with oral antidiabetic agents such as sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 antagonists, which promote glucose- and incretin-dependent insulin secretion, respectively.	Glucose	140-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
23403068-1	2013	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy/safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, in subjects with insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and factors influencing treatment response.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
23170960-8	2013	This review article focuses on the status of advanced lead candidates of DPP group and their binding affinity with the active site residue of target structure which help in discovery of potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors by lead optimization approach.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
23667754-2	2013	The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the (13)C-acetic acid breath test.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
23748503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are oral incretin-based glucose-lowering agents with proven efficacy and safety in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23748503-1	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (gliptins) are oral incretin-based glucose-lowering agents with proven efficacy and safety in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23748503-3	2013	As a matter of fact, DPP-4 inhibitors improve several cardiovascular risk factors: they improve glucose control (mainly by reducing the risk of postprandial hyperglycemia) and are weight neutral; may lower blood pressure somewhat; improve postprandial (and even fasting) lipemia; reduce inflammatory markers; diminish oxidative stress; improve endothelial function; and reduce platelet aggregation in patients with T2DM.	Glucose	96-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
23650450-0	2013	Managing diabetic patients with moderate or severe renal impairment using DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
23323612-3	2013	CASE REPORT: We report a case in which angioedema induced by vildagliptin disappeared after changing to another DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
23323612-3	2013	CASE REPORT: We report a case in which angioedema induced by vildagliptin disappeared after changing to another DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin.	alogliptin	129-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
23344728-0	2013	Differences in the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors between Asians and non-Asians: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Glucose	19-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
23344728-1	2013	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to compare the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors between Asian and non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
23344728-1	2013	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this work was to compare the glucose-lowering efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors between Asian and non-Asian patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
23344728-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: DPP-4 inhibitors exhibit a better glucose-lowering efficacy in Asians than in other ethnic groups; this requires further investigation to understand the underlying mechanism, particularly in relation to BMI.	Glucose	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
23748509-0	2013	Clinical utility of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
23748509-4	2013	RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Linagliptin is a xanthine-based, oral DPP-4 inhibitor that has been approved in the United States and Europe.	Linagliptin	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
23748509-4	2013	RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Linagliptin is a xanthine-based, oral DPP-4 inhibitor that has been approved in the United States and Europe.	Xanthine	41-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
23748509-7	2013	However, linagliptin is the first DPP-4 inhibitor to be approved as a once-daily, 5-mg dose and, due to its primarily non-renal route of excretion, no dosage adjustment is required for patients with renal or hepatic impairment.	Linagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
23075005-0	2013	Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of [14C]anagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in humans.	[14c]anagliptin	35-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
23075005-2	2013	The disposition of anagliptin, an orally active, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, was investigated after a single oral dose of 100 mg/1.92 MBq [(14)C]anagliptin to six healthy men.	anagliptin	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
23638030-4	2013	We have previously showed that the humanized anti-CD26 monoclonal antibody (mAb), YS110, exhibits inhibitory effects on various cancers.	ys110	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
23638030-6	2013	In this study, we demonstrated that the treatment with YS110 induced nuclear translocation of both cell-surface CD26 and YS110 in cancer cells and xenografted tumor.	ys110	55-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
23638030-8	2013	In response to YS110 treatment, CD26 was translocated into the nucleus via caveolin-dependent endocytosis.	ys110	15-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
23638030-11	2013	Furthermore, the impaired nuclear transport of CD26 by treatment with an endocytosis inhibitor or expressions of deletion mutants of CD26 reversed the POLR2A repression induced by YS110 treatment.	ys110	180-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
23638030-11	2013	Furthermore, the impaired nuclear transport of CD26 by treatment with an endocytosis inhibitor or expressions of deletion mutants of CD26 reversed the POLR2A repression induced by YS110 treatment.	ys110	180-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-137
23440284-2	2013	Previous studies have raised the possibility that glucagonlike peptide 1 (GLP-1)-based therapies, including a GLP-1 mimetic (exenatide) and a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (sitagliptin phosphate), may increase the risk of acute pancreatitis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	176-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
23375680-0	2013	Decreased carotid atherosclerotic process by control of daily acute glucose fluctuations in diabetic patients treated by DPP-IV inhibitors.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
23375680-2	2013	We aim at evaluating the effect of blunted daily acute glucose fluctuations by DPP-IV inhibitors on intima-media thickness (IMT), a surrogate marker for early atherosclerosis.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
23375680-9	2013	CONCLUSION: Reduction of glucose excursion due to DPP-IV inhibitors administration, may prevent atherosclerosis progression in patients with type 2 diabetes probably through the reduction of daily inflammation and oxidative stress.	Glucose	25-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
23434133-1	2013	A novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor hit (5, IC50=0.86 muM) was structurally derived from our recently disclosed preclinical candidate 4 by replacing the cyanobenzyl with a butynyl based on pharmacophore hybridization.	cyanobenzyl	159-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-31
23434133-1	2013	A novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor hit (5, IC50=0.86 muM) was structurally derived from our recently disclosed preclinical candidate 4 by replacing the cyanobenzyl with a butynyl based on pharmacophore hybridization.	but-1-yne	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-31
23434133-3	2013	Most N-substituted analogs exhibited good in vitro activity, and compound 18o (IC50=1.55 nM) was identified to be a potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with a significantly improved pharmacokinetic properties (bioavailablity: 41% vs 82.9%; T1/2: 2h vs 4.9h).	Nitrogen	5-6	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-146
23680741-8	2013	The oral DPP-4 inhibitors improve glycemic control by increasing the sensitivity of the islet cells to glucose, and thus are not associated with an increased risk for hypoglycemia and are weight neutral.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
23680741-9	2013	In addition to the expected benefits associated with limiting insulin dose and regimen complexity, the specific advantages the DPP-4 inhibitor drug class on hypoglycemia and weight gain could justify combining DPP-4 inhibitors with insulin; additionally, a DPP-4 inhibitor may be of special value to decrease glycemic excursions that are not properly addressed by basal insulin therapy and metformin use, even after optimizing titration of the basal insulin.	Metformin	390-399	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
23667754-2	2013	The aim of this study was to determine whether single pre-prandial sitagliptin, the DPP-IV inhibitor, administration might have an effect on the rate of liquid gastric emptying using the (13)C-acetic acid breath test.	Acetic Acid	193-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
23711060-3	2013	Vildagliptin is a molecule from the group of DPP 4 inhibitors which is recently used in internal outpatient care.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
23270493-3	2013	We evaluated the feasibility of systemic DPP-4 inhibition using sitagliptin to enhance engraftment of single-unit UCB grafts in adults with hematological malignancies.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
23270493-9	2013	Optimizing sitagliptin dosing to achieve more sustained DPP-4 inhibition may further improve outcome.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
23643015-4	2013	Therefore, the specific mechanisms via which DPP-4 inhibitors in controlling blood glucose has became questionable.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
23468467-2	2013	Comparison of two oral dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and linagliptin, for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment was used as an example.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-51
24843649-1	2013	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, when added to metformin monotherapy was examined in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
24843651-12	2013	In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the cut-off values for predicting the efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors were 0.07 for II, 1.5 ng/mL for F-CPR, 1.0 for CPI, 23.0 kg/m(2) for BMI, 1.3 for HOMA-IR and 67.5 years for age.	methyl 2-isocyano-2-methylpropanoate	161-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
23416006-0	2013	Substituted piperidinyl glycinyl 2-cyano-4,5-methano pyrrolidines as potent and stable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	piperidinyl glycinyl 2-cyano-4,5-methano pyrrolidines	12-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
23416006-2	2013	Improvement of the inhibitory activity and chemical stability of this series of compounds was respectively achieved by the introduction of bulky groups at the 4-position and 1-position of the piperidinyl glycine, leading to a series of potent and stable DPP-IV inhibitors.	piperidinyl glycine	192-211	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	254-260
23468467-2	2013	Comparison of two oral dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and linagliptin, for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment was used as an example.	Linagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-51
23421949-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for combined therapy with metformin.	Metformin	86-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23373842-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, commonly referred to as gliptins, offer new options for combined therapy with metformin.	Metformin	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23373842-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, commonly referred to as gliptins, offer new options for combined therapy with metformin.	Metformin	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23486063-5	2013	Here we identify dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; also known as CD26) as a functional receptor for hCoV-EMC.	hcov	96-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
23486063-5	2013	Here we identify dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; also known as CD26) as a functional receptor for hCoV-EMC.	hcov	96-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
23486063-5	2013	Here we identify dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; also known as CD26) as a functional receptor for hCoV-EMC.	hcov	96-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
23452780-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor, which is under investigation for treatment of type 2 diabetes either alone or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
23241069-5	2013	Of the recently introduced oral hypoglycemic/antihyperglycemic agents, the DPP-4 inhibitors are moderately efficacious compared with mainstay treatment with metformin with a low side-effect profile and have good efficacy in combination with other oral agents and insulin.	Metformin	157-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
23421949-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer new options for combined therapy with metformin.	Metformin	86-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23151852-0	2013	Molecular dynamics and free energy studies of chirality specificity effects on aminobenzo[a]quinolizine inhibitors binding to DPP-IV.	aminobenzo[a]quinolizine	79-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
23151852-1	2013	The aminobenzo[a]quinolizines were investigated as a novel class of DPP-IV inhibitors.	aminobenzo[a]quinolizines	4-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
23432786-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Recently, incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, have been found to regulate glucose metabolism.	Glucose	166-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
23062489-0	2013	A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	2-24
23062489-2	2013	Here, we examined the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2)-like phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
23062489-2	2013	Here, we examined the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on systemic inflammation and pro-inflammatory (M1)/anti-inflammatory (M2)-like phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
23062489-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: This study is the first to show that a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, reduces inflammatory cytokines and improves the unfavorable M1/M2-like phenotypes of peripheral blood monocytes in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
23550180-1	2013	Linagliptin, one of the five dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors available, has recently entered the market both in the US and in most European countries for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
23116881-1	2013	AIMS: To assess efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in combination therapy with metformin (&gt;=1500 mg/day) and pioglitazone (&gt;=30 mg/day) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with inadequate glycemic control (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] &gt;=7.5% and &lt;=11%).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
23187735-3	2013	In this report we demonstrate that treatment of human vascular endothelial cells with the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin inhibited tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) mRNA and protein expression and that this effect was observed to be both GLP-1-dependent and independent.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
23432786-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Recently, incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, have been found to regulate glucose metabolism.	Glucose	166-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
23432786-5	2013	The participants received 50 to 100 mg of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin once daily for 12 months.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
23379505-12	2013	The actual study also revealed an association between the %Meth of this locus with plasma total-cholesterol in severe obesity, which suggests a link between the DPP4 gene and plasma lipid levels.	Methamphetamine	59-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-165
23261963-3	2013	High GLP-2 concentrations resulted from iv bolus injections, whereas a more protracted stimulation was obtained by subcutaneous injections and the addition of an inhibitor of GLP-2 degradation, a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	213-224	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-201
23379505-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that %Meth of CpGs localized within and near the exon 2 of the DPP4 gene in VAT are not associated with MetS status.	Methamphetamine	43-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-104
23308360-0	2013	Direct reductive amination of aldehyde bisulfite adducts induced by 2-picoline borane: application to the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor.	aldehyde bisulfite	30-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
23308360-0	2013	Direct reductive amination of aldehyde bisulfite adducts induced by 2-picoline borane: application to the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor.	2-picoline borane	68-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
23308360-2	2013	This approach features the use of 2-picoline borane as the reducing agent and a protic solvent for the reaction media and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor and a variety of other amines.	2-picoline borane	34-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
23308360-2	2013	This approach features the use of 2-picoline borane as the reducing agent and a protic solvent for the reaction media and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor and a variety of other amines.	Amines	214-220	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
23379505-3	2013	DPP4 mRNA abundance in VAT correlated also with CpG site methylation levels (%Meth) localized within and near its exon 2 (CpG94 to CpG102) in non-diabetic severely obese women, regardless of their MetS status.	Methamphetamine	78-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
23379505-12	2013	The actual study also revealed an association between the %Meth of this locus with plasma total-cholesterol in severe obesity, which suggests a link between the DPP4 gene and plasma lipid levels.	Cholesterol	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-165
23033241-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: This placebo-controlled study assessed long-term efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and severe renal impairment (RI).	Linagliptin	120-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-109
22994702-0	2013	Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and docking studies of 1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol substituted prolyl)-(S)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines as a novel series of potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol	76-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-212
22994702-0	2013	Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and docking studies of 1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol substituted prolyl)-(S)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines as a novel series of potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	prolyl)-(s)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines	111-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-212
22994702-2	2013	A series of 1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol substituted prolyl)-(S)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol	12-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-157
23430354-2	2013	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is given either alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
22994702-2	2013	A series of 1-(gamma-1,2,3-triazol substituted prolyl)-(S)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	prolyl)-(s)-3,3-difluoropyrrolidines	47-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-157
23264399-2	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors are glucose-lowering medications with pleiotropic actions that may particularly benefit people with HIV, but the immune and virological safety of DPP4 inhibition in HIV is unknown.	Glucose	46-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
23289982-0	2013	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	alogliptin	37-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
23289982-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	alogliptin	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
23289982-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	alogliptin	78-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
23289982-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	239-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
23289982-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	239-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
23264399-2	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors are glucose-lowering medications with pleiotropic actions that may particularly benefit people with HIV, but the immune and virological safety of DPP4 inhibition in HIV is unknown.	Glucose	46-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
23298374-2	2013	We investigated the postprandial effects of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, alogliptin, on endothelial dysfunction and the lipid profile.	alogliptin	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
23525426-3	2013	We therefore hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) improve endothelial function in T2DM patients and performed 2 prospective, randomized crossover trials to compare the DPP-4I sitagliptin and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose (in study 1) and the DPP-4Is sitagliptin and alogliptin (in study 2).	voglibose	231-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
23525426-3	2013	We therefore hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) improve endothelial function in T2DM patients and performed 2 prospective, randomized crossover trials to compare the DPP-4I sitagliptin and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose (in study 1) and the DPP-4Is sitagliptin and alogliptin (in study 2).	dpp-4is sitagliptin	262-281	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
23525426-3	2013	We therefore hypothesized that DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4Is) improve endothelial function in T2DM patients and performed 2 prospective, randomized crossover trials to compare the DPP-4I sitagliptin and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose (in study 1) and the DPP-4Is sitagliptin and alogliptin (in study 2).	alogliptin	286-296	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
23268343-0	2013	Systematic analysis of a dipeptide library for inhibitor development using human dipeptidyl peptidase IV produced by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression system.	Dipeptides	25-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-104
23268343-7	2013	The mode of inhibition of hDPPIV by dipeptides was explained well by some amino acid indices and by the structure of the substrate-binding site of hDPPIV.	Dipeptides	36-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
23268343-7	2013	The mode of inhibition of hDPPIV by dipeptides was explained well by some amino acid indices and by the structure of the substrate-binding site of hDPPIV.	Dipeptides	36-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-153
23268343-8	2013	The information obtained from the systematic analysis of a dipeptide library provides important clues for the development of hDPPIV targeting drugs and functional foods for type 2 diabetes.	Dipeptides	59-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-131
23358258-0	2013	Synthesis and biological evaluation of xanthine derivatives on dipeptidyl peptidase 4.	Xanthine	39-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
23358258-1	2013	A series of xanthine derivatives in which a methylene was inserted at position 8 of xanthine scaffold was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Xanthine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-171
23358258-1	2013	A series of xanthine derivatives in which a methylene was inserted at position 8 of xanthine scaffold was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Xanthine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
23358258-1	2013	A series of xanthine derivatives in which a methylene was inserted at position 8 of xanthine scaffold was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Xanthine	84-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
23073734-1	2013	Linagliptin is a highly potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
22882290-0	2013	Studies in rodents with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to evaluate possible drug-induced pancreatic histological changes that are predictive of pancreatitis and cancer development in man.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
23386232-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, improves endothelial dysfunction in association with its anti-inflammatory effects in patients with coronary artery disease and uncontrolled diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	34-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23386232-2	2013	We hypothesized that sitagliptin, a DPP4-inhibitor, could improve endothelial dysfunction in DM patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
23073734-1	2013	Linagliptin is a highly potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23073734-2	2013	Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is cleared primarily via the bile and gut.	Linagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
23186950-2	2013	This study evaluated the effects of sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV [DPP-IV] inhibitor, approved for patients with type 2 diabetes), in adults with type 1 diabetes to improve glycemic control through decreasing postprandial glucagon.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
23186950-2	2013	This study evaluated the effects of sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV [DPP-IV] inhibitor, approved for patients with type 2 diabetes), in adults with type 1 diabetes to improve glycemic control through decreasing postprandial glucagon.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
23186950-2	2013	This study evaluated the effects of sitagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV [DPP-IV] inhibitor, approved for patients with type 2 diabetes), in adults with type 1 diabetes to improve glycemic control through decreasing postprandial glucagon.	Glucagon	229-237	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	Water	6-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
23386390-0	2013	Add-on therapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves glycemic control in insulin-treated Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	Water	6-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	Acyclovir	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	Acyclovir	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	84-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
24185376-0	2013	Novel water-soluble prodrugs of acyclovir cleavable by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	84-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Guanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Guanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Guanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	161-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	161-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	161-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	172-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	172-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
24185376-1	2013	We herein report for the first time the successful use of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) prodrug approach to guanine derivatives such as the antiviral acyclovir (ACV).	Acyclovir	172-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
24185376-5	2013	Both prodrugs converted to VACV (for 4) or ACV (for 3) upon exposure to purified DPPIV/CD26 or human or bovine serum.	Valacyclovir	27-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
24185376-5	2013	Both prodrugs converted to VACV (for 4) or ACV (for 3) upon exposure to purified DPPIV/CD26 or human or bovine serum.	Valacyclovir	27-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
24185376-5	2013	Both prodrugs converted to VACV (for 4) or ACV (for 3) upon exposure to purified DPPIV/CD26 or human or bovine serum.	Acyclovir	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
23319869-0	2013	Emerging DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on linagliptin for type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
24185376-5	2013	Both prodrugs converted to VACV (for 4) or ACV (for 3) upon exposure to purified DPPIV/CD26 or human or bovine serum.	Acyclovir	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
23319869-7	2013	Linagliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that, in contrast to the other members of this drug class, is eliminated by a biliary/hepatic route rather than by renal elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
23319869-11	2013	This review gives an overview on the efficacy and safety of linagliptin in comparison to the classical oral antidiabetic drugs as well as to the other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Linagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
23965491-1	2013	AIM: Alogliptin, an efficacious inhibitor of DPP-4 that improves glycemic control, as well as the pancreatic beta-cell function, is now increasingly used to accomplish glycemic targets in type 2 diabetic patients.	alogliptin	5-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
23137182-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin (see drug summary box) is a glucose-lowering agent that belongs to the class of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors used in the treatment of T2DM.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-127
23137182-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin (see drug summary box) is a glucose-lowering agent that belongs to the class of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors used in the treatment of T2DM.	saxagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
23137182-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin (see drug summary box) is a glucose-lowering agent that belongs to the class of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors used in the treatment of T2DM.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-127
23137182-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin (see drug summary box) is a glucose-lowering agent that belongs to the class of Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitors used in the treatment of T2DM.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
30731650-0	2013	Clinical overview of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
30731650-1	2013	Linagliptin is a pharmacologically unique, orally active, once-daily dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hyperglycemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
30731650-2	2013	Compared with other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, linagliptin has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a primarily nonrenal route of elimination that avoids the need for dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment.	Linagliptin	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
24089613-7	2013	Ongoing prospective studies focused on the nephroprotective effects of DPP-4 inhibitors will further clarify its possible role in the prevention/attenuation of diabetic kidney disease beyond its glucose lowering properties.	Glucose	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
24393553-0	2013	Population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
23662021-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To compare and study the dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination with metformin against established combination therapies.	Metformin	98-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
23662021-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To compare and study the dipeptidy1 peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in combination with metformin against established combination therapies.	Metformin	98-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
24393553-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear PK of linagliptin and its plasma DPP-4 inhibition in patients were well characterized by a target-mediated drug disposition model relating DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	187-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
24393553-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: Linagliptin is a novel, highly selective and long acting DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
24393553-11	2013	Simulations of plasma DPP-4 inhibition suggest that 5 mg linagliptin once daily is an appropriate therapeutic dose for Japanese patients with T2DM.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
24393553-2	2013	Linagliptin exhibits non-linear pharmacokinetics (PK) due to saturable binding to plasma and tissue DPP-4.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
24393553-3	2013	The aim of this study was to characterize the PK and PK/DPP-4 inhibition relationship of linagliptin in Japanese patients with T2DM using a population PK/DPP-4 model and to support the rationale for the therapeutic dose in Japanese patients by simulation.	Linagliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
24393553-3	2013	The aim of this study was to characterize the PK and PK/DPP-4 inhibition relationship of linagliptin in Japanese patients with T2DM using a population PK/DPP-4 model and to support the rationale for the therapeutic dose in Japanese patients by simulation.	Linagliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
24393553-6	2013	RESULTS: Nonlinear PK of linagliptin in T2DM patients were well described by a 2-compartment model assuming concentration-dependent binding to DPP-4 in the central and peripheral compartment.	Linagliptin	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
24393553-7	2013	Plasma DPP-4 inhibition was integrated in the model by relating the model-predicted DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin linearly to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
24393553-7	2013	Plasma DPP-4 inhibition was integrated in the model by relating the model-predicted DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin linearly to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
24393553-7	2013	Plasma DPP-4 inhibition was integrated in the model by relating the model-predicted DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin linearly to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
24393553-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear PK of linagliptin and its plasma DPP-4 inhibition in patients were well characterized by a target-mediated drug disposition model relating DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
24393553-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear PK of linagliptin and its plasma DPP-4 inhibition in patients were well characterized by a target-mediated drug disposition model relating DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
24393553-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear PK of linagliptin and its plasma DPP-4 inhibition in patients were well characterized by a target-mediated drug disposition model relating DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
24393553-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The nonlinear PK of linagliptin and its plasma DPP-4 inhibition in patients were well characterized by a target-mediated drug disposition model relating DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin to DPP-4 inhibition.	Linagliptin	187-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
24601174-4	2013	The patients have been thoroughly evaluated before treatment, and 6 months after treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) in combination with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
23219487-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory and antioxidative properties of milk protein-derived dipeptides and hydrolysates.	Dipeptides	88-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
23686701-1	2013	Neutral endopeptidase (NEP/CD10) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) are both ubiquitous glycopeptidases which play important roles in tumor pathogenesis and development.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	62-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-60
23686701-1	2013	Neutral endopeptidase (NEP/CD10) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) are both ubiquitous glycopeptidases which play important roles in tumor pathogenesis and development.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	62-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
23219487-2	2013	DPP-IV inhibition was seen with eight out of the twelve dipeptides and 5 of the twelve hydrolysates studied.	Dipeptides	56-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
23219487-3	2013	Trp-Val inhibited DPP-IV, however, inhibition was not observed with the reverse peptide Val-Trp.	H-Trp-Val-OH	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
23219487-8	2013	Trp-Val and one lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH1) were multifunctional displaying both DPP-IV inhibitory and antioxidant (SO and DPPH scavenging) activities.	H-Trp-Val-OH	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
23219487-8	2013	Trp-Val and one lactoferrin hydrolysate (LFH1) were multifunctional displaying both DPP-IV inhibitory and antioxidant (SO and DPPH scavenging) activities.	lactoferrin hydrolysate	16-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
23536954-1	2013	The review considers the major nonglycemic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors commonly used in diabetological practice, by using as an example sitagliptin, the first and most investigated representative of this class.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	153-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
23469279-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which decrease the degradation of glucose-lowering GLP-1(7-36) to the metabolically inactive GLP-1(9-36), are current new treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a high-risk population for cardiovascular disease.	Glucose	96-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
23469279-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which decrease the degradation of glucose-lowering GLP-1(7-36) to the metabolically inactive GLP-1(9-36), are current new treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a high-risk population for cardiovascular disease.	Glucose	96-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
23818788-1	2013	Vildagliptin is a selective and potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control by inhibiting the degradation of both endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
23431062-5	2013	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin has also been shown to protect from hypoglycemia by enhancing glucagon counterregulation.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
24261239-0	2013	[Angioprotective properties of blood sugar lowering drugs from the group of inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4].	Blood Glucose	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
24640684-3	2013	The priority effective therapy tactics for T2DM is to manage the latter without any risk of HG, which can be implemented by the wide clinical application of incretins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in particular, which have the glucose-lowering activity comparable with that shown by metformin and sulfonylurea drugs, are practically safe when used as monotherapy and significantly enhance the efficiency of therapy without substantially increasing the risk of severe HG when co-administered with other medications.	Glucose	232-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-190
24640684-3	2013	The priority effective therapy tactics for T2DM is to manage the latter without any risk of HG, which can be implemented by the wide clinical application of incretins, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in particular, which have the glucose-lowering activity comparable with that shown by metformin and sulfonylurea drugs, are practically safe when used as monotherapy and significantly enhance the efficiency of therapy without substantially increasing the risk of severe HG when co-administered with other medications.	Metformin	288-297	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-190
23431062-5	2013	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin has also been shown to protect from hypoglycemia by enhancing glucagon counterregulation.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
23184570-3	2012	Recently, a fixed-dose, single-tablet, combined formulation of linagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) and metformin has been approved for use in type 2 diabetic patients, and is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise for those patients who remain inadequately controlled despite maximal tolerated doses of metformin, metformin and sulfonylurea, or linagliptin and metformin monotherapies.	Linagliptin	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
24204157-3	2013	Linagliptin, a recently approved oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has a unique pharmacological profile.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
24259985-15	2013	CONCLUSION: The results of this observational study show that insulin glargine, when added to a fixed-dose combination of metformin and a DPP-4 inhibitor, resulted in a significant and clinically relevant improvement of glycemic control.	Insulin Glargine	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
24843614-0	2012	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes with high serum eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	96-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
24843614-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between serum EPA concentrations and the efficacy of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	47-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
24843614-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between serum EPA concentrations and the efficacy of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	47-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
24843614-3	2012	MATERIALS AND METHODS:   Serum EPA concentrations were measured in 62 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes who were newly given DPP-4 inhibitor as a monotherapy or as an add-on therapy to oral hypoglycemic agents.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	31-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
24843614-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS:   DPP-4 inhibitor is effective in patients with type 2 diabetes with high serum EPA concentrations.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	93-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
24137964-1	2013	AIM: To study the impact of intensified therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vilagliptin or sulfonylurea (SU) on the control of glycemia, weight, and quantitative body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) who have failed to achieve compensation during metformin monotherapy.	vilagliptin	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
24137964-1	2013	AIM: To study the impact of intensified therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vilagliptin or sulfonylurea (SU) on the control of glycemia, weight, and quantitative body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) who have failed to achieve compensation during metformin monotherapy.	vilagliptin	98-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
24137964-9	2013	CONCLUSION: The glucose-lowering efficiency of combination therapy with metformin + vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was comparable with that of a metformin + SU combination, but safer with respect to the risk of developing hypoglycemia.	Metformin	72-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
24137964-9	2013	CONCLUSION: The glucose-lowering efficiency of combination therapy with metformin + vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was comparable with that of a metformin + SU combination, but safer with respect to the risk of developing hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	84-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
23022337-4	2012	Teneligliptin competitively inhibited human plasma, rat plasma, and human recombinant DPP-4 in vitro, with IC(50) values of approximately 1 nmol/l.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
20455069-7	2012	Rosiglitazone is able to modulate in a negative manner the expression of DPP-4 but not its activity in macrovascular endothelial cells, while at 24 h of exposure it is able to increase significantly DPP-4 activity but not its expression in microvascular endothelial cells.	Rosiglitazone	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
20455069-7	2012	Rosiglitazone is able to modulate in a negative manner the expression of DPP-4 but not its activity in macrovascular endothelial cells, while at 24 h of exposure it is able to increase significantly DPP-4 activity but not its expression in microvascular endothelial cells.	Rosiglitazone	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-204
20455069-8	2012	Metformin at 48 h only in microvascular endothelial cells is able to reduce in a significant manner (p = 0.01) the activity of DPP-4 but not its expression.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
23212658-6	2012	This mini-review examines the clinical evidence supporting these two treatment options, with particular reference to the findings of a phase 3 study of treatment with an initial combination of metformin plus the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin.	Linagliptin	246-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-234
23072865-0	2012	Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides	16-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-113
23072865-1	2012	A series of novel 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides were investigated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides	18-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
23072865-1	2012	A series of novel 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides were investigated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides	18-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
23072865-2	2012	Introduction of a 4-phenylthiazol-2-yl group showed highly potent DPP-4 inhibitory activity.	4-phenylthiazol-2-yl	18-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
23069986-3	2012	RECENT FINDINGS: The present review will discuss the following novel therapeutic options: GLP-1 mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors are new antidiabetic drugs which favourably affect glucose metabolism without a significant risk for hypoglycaemic events and preliminary clinical data suggesting potential beneficial effects with respect to cardiovascular risk reduction.	Glucose	177-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
23140189-18	2012	In the present research work, we have covered rational of DPP-IV inhibitor based on Ligand-Based Pharmacophore detection, which is validated via the Docking interaction studies as well as Maximal Common Substructure (MCS).	mcs	217-220	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
22519906-11	2012	Asthenia (RR 1.57 [1.09, 2.27]) as well as cardiac (RR 1.37 [1.00, 1.89]) and vascular disorders (RR 1.74 [1.05, 2.86] for linagliptin) emerged as adverse events associated with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment.	Linagliptin	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
22519906-12	2012	The risk of hypoglycaemia was low with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (RR 0.92 [0.74, 1.15] compared to placebo, RR 0.20 [0.17, 0.24] compared to sulphonylureas) in the absence of sulphonylurea or insulin co-therapy, but significantly elevated for combination therapy of sulphonylurea or insulin with sitagliptin or linagliptin (RR 1.86 [1.46, 2.37] compared to placebo).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	175-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
22519906-12	2012	The risk of hypoglycaemia was low with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (RR 0.92 [0.74, 1.15] compared to placebo, RR 0.20 [0.17, 0.24] compared to sulphonylureas) in the absence of sulphonylurea or insulin co-therapy, but significantly elevated for combination therapy of sulphonylurea or insulin with sitagliptin or linagliptin (RR 1.86 [1.46, 2.37] compared to placebo).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	296-307	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
22519906-12	2012	The risk of hypoglycaemia was low with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (RR 0.92 [0.74, 1.15] compared to placebo, RR 0.20 [0.17, 0.24] compared to sulphonylureas) in the absence of sulphonylurea or insulin co-therapy, but significantly elevated for combination therapy of sulphonylurea or insulin with sitagliptin or linagliptin (RR 1.86 [1.46, 2.37] compared to placebo).	Linagliptin	311-322	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
22974280-1	2012	AIMS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients for whom metformin was inappropriate.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
22726613-0	2012	Discovering novel alpha-aminoacyl-containing proline derivatives with potent and selective inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase IV: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling.	alpha-aminoacyl	18-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
22726613-0	2012	Discovering novel alpha-aminoacyl-containing proline derivatives with potent and selective inhibitory activity against dipeptidyl peptidase IV: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling.	Proline	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
22776778-1	2012	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
22776778-1	2012	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
22941471-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, the first of a new class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-inhibitory oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OHDs), was introduced in Japan in December 2009.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
23129260-1	2012	A generalized skin eruption with strong itching was induced by sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in a patient almost 6 months after initiation of the drug.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
23129260-1	2012	A generalized skin eruption with strong itching was induced by sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in a patient almost 6 months after initiation of the drug.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
23134211-2	2012	The design of a trial comparing the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg/day with placebo in this patient group, and the characteristics of the patients enrolled are reported.	Linagliptin	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
23134211-2	2012	The design of a trial comparing the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg/day with placebo in this patient group, and the characteristics of the patients enrolled are reported.	Linagliptin	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
23137412-0	2012	Use of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor  linagliptin  in combination therapy for type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-33
23258126-3	2012	DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protease that regulates not only glucose and lipid metabolism, but also exhibits several systemic effects at different site levels.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23565473-6	2012	This appears to be the first reported case of acute pancreatitis from India probably attributable to use of vildagliptin, thus raising the possibility that this rare reaction may be a class effect of the DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
22941471-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, the first of a new class of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4)-inhibitory oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OHDs), was introduced in Japan in December 2009.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
23103741-4	2012	In addition to pioglitazon, recent availability of the new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin provides another option for diabetic patients with renal impairment without the need for dose reduction due to its predominant enterohepatic elimination.	Linagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
22982114-10	2012	CD26 inhibition with sitagliptin - a drug currently used in diabetic patients - resulted in improved in vitro migration capacities of MNCs.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
22982114-12	2012	Treating patients shortly post MI with sitagliptin to inhibit CD26 may therefore increase MNC homing to the infarct area and could improve cardiac recovery and repair.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
22850530-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, DPPIV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) was discovered more than four decades ago as a serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptide substrates.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22850530-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, DPPIV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) was discovered more than four decades ago as a serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptide substrates.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
22850530-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, DPPIV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) was discovered more than four decades ago as a serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptide substrates.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
22850530-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, DPPIV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) was discovered more than four decades ago as a serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptide substrates.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
23025999-0	2012	Structure-based design of pyridopyrimidinediones as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	pyridopyrimidinediones	26-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
22690943-1	2012	AIM: Assess long-term safety and efficacy of the dipeptidlyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in 369 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate or severe renal impairment (RI).	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
23248408-3	2012	MATERIAL AND METHODS: DPP-IV assay was carried out to evaluate in vitro potency of RBx-0128 using human, mouse, and rat plasma as an enzyme source.	rbx-0128	83-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-28
22776014-1	2012	AIM: To assess blood glucose control over 24 h and the safety of teneligliptin 10 and 20 mg, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	65-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-123
22736406-2	2012	This work, therefore, aimed to assess the impact of such factors on the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in add-on therapy to metformin.	Vildagliptin	105-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
22736406-2	2012	This work, therefore, aimed to assess the impact of such factors on the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in add-on therapy to metformin.	Metformin	140-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
22736406-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin add-on therapy to metformin was efficacious independent of IR stage and BMI, as well as disease duration and duration of prior metformin use, indicating that, contrary to a not uncommon perception, more obese patients and patients with long-standing T2DM can benefit from treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	316-321
22986920-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Linagliptin is a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor that is now available in numerous countries worldwide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-74
22986920-11	2012	Sustained DPP-4 inhibition (&gt;=80%) throughout the treatment period was accompanied by significant reductions in glucagon starting at day 1 of linagliptin administration.	Glucagon	115-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
22986920-11	2012	Sustained DPP-4 inhibition (&gt;=80%) throughout the treatment period was accompanied by significant reductions in glucagon starting at day 1 of linagliptin administration.	Linagliptin	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
22986920-12	2012	CONCLUSION: Linagliptin was well tolerated and effectively inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity in patients with T2DM, producing immediate improvements in incretin levels, glucagon suppression, and glycemic control that were maintained throughout the study period.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
22846168-6	2012	We observed that although CB had greater CD26 expression than bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood, treatment with a CD26 inhibitor (Diprotin A) resulted in increased responsiveness to stromal cell-derived factor-1 for all three mononuclear cell sources tested.	diprotin A	138-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
23214078-0	2012	[Efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitor evaluated by CGM (continuous glucose monitoring)].	Glucose	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22512582-0	2012	Novel serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor: alogliptin.	alogliptin	57-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-45
22512582-3	2012	Alogliptin is a highly selective ( &gt; 10,000-time selectivity, potent, reversible and durable serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme is compared to DPP-8 and DPP-9) inhibitor, which has been developed as an alternative second-line to metformin in place of a sulphonylurea.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
22512582-6	2012	The X-ray crystallography studies have been revealed that Alogliptin binds to DPP-IV active site by non-covalently and provides sustained reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity as well as lowering of blood glucose, in drug-naive patients with T2DM and inadequate glycemic control, once daily oral dosing regimen with varying levels of doses ranging from 25-800 mg. Alogliptin is approved as monotherapy and in combination with alpha-glucosidase &amp; thiazolidinediones.	alogliptin	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
22512582-6	2012	The X-ray crystallography studies have been revealed that Alogliptin binds to DPP-IV active site by non-covalently and provides sustained reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity as well as lowering of blood glucose, in drug-naive patients with T2DM and inadequate glycemic control, once daily oral dosing regimen with varying levels of doses ranging from 25-800 mg. Alogliptin is approved as monotherapy and in combination with alpha-glucosidase &amp; thiazolidinediones.	alogliptin	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
22512582-6	2012	The X-ray crystallography studies have been revealed that Alogliptin binds to DPP-IV active site by non-covalently and provides sustained reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity as well as lowering of blood glucose, in drug-naive patients with T2DM and inadequate glycemic control, once daily oral dosing regimen with varying levels of doses ranging from 25-800 mg. Alogliptin is approved as monotherapy and in combination with alpha-glucosidase &amp; thiazolidinediones.	alogliptin	362-372	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
23166419-0	2012	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin improves vascular endothelial function in type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
22512582-6	2012	The X-ray crystallography studies have been revealed that Alogliptin binds to DPP-IV active site by non-covalently and provides sustained reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity as well as lowering of blood glucose, in drug-naive patients with T2DM and inadequate glycemic control, once daily oral dosing regimen with varying levels of doses ranging from 25-800 mg. Alogliptin is approved as monotherapy and in combination with alpha-glucosidase &amp; thiazolidinediones.	Adenosine Monophosphate	443-446	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
22512582-6	2012	The X-ray crystallography studies have been revealed that Alogliptin binds to DPP-IV active site by non-covalently and provides sustained reduction of plasma DPP-IV activity as well as lowering of blood glucose, in drug-naive patients with T2DM and inadequate glycemic control, once daily oral dosing regimen with varying levels of doses ranging from 25-800 mg. Alogliptin is approved as monotherapy and in combination with alpha-glucosidase &amp; thiazolidinediones.	Thiazolidinediones	448-466	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
23214078-3	2012	DPP-4 inhibition enhances endogenous incretin action, and promotes glucose dependent insulin secretion and optimal glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	115-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23214078-5	2012	In this section, a continuous glucose monitoring(CGM), a device able to measure a patient"s blood glucose fluctuation levels continuously, was used to evaluate efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	30-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
23214078-5	2012	In this section, a continuous glucose monitoring(CGM), a device able to measure a patient"s blood glucose fluctuation levels continuously, was used to evaluate efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	98-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-177
22388283-5	2012	DPP IV activity was determined by measuring the cleavage of chromogenic free 4-nitroaniline from Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide at 405 nm with an ELISA plate reader.	4-nitroaniline	77-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
23035207-6	2012	Both genetic and pharmacological DPP4 suppression reversed the stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-dependent microvasculopathy and DHF associated with diabetes mellitus.	dhf	130-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
23035207-7	2012	Pressure overload induced DHF, which was reversed by DPP4 inhibition via a glucagon-like peptide-1/cAMP-dependent mechanism distinct from that for diabetic heart.	dhf	26-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
23035207-7	2012	Pressure overload induced DHF, which was reversed by DPP4 inhibition via a glucagon-like peptide-1/cAMP-dependent mechanism distinct from that for diabetic heart.	Cyclic AMP	99-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
23035207-8	2012	In patients with DHF, the circulating DPP4 activity in peripheral veins was associated with that in coronary sinus and with E/e", an echocardiographic parameter representing DHF.	dhf	17-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
23035207-8	2012	In patients with DHF, the circulating DPP4 activity in peripheral veins was associated with that in coronary sinus and with E/e", an echocardiographic parameter representing DHF.	dhf	174-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
23035207-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4 inhibition reverses DHF via membrane-bound DPP4/stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-dependent local actions on angiogenesis and circulating DPP4/glucagon-like peptide-1-mediated inotropic actions.	dhf	38-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
23035207-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4 inhibition reverses DHF via membrane-bound DPP4/stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-dependent local actions on angiogenesis and circulating DPP4/glucagon-like peptide-1-mediated inotropic actions.	dhf	38-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
23035207-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4 inhibition reverses DHF via membrane-bound DPP4/stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-dependent local actions on angiogenesis and circulating DPP4/glucagon-like peptide-1-mediated inotropic actions.	dhf	38-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
23035207-11	2012	Myocardium-derived DPP4 activity in coronary sinus can be monitored by peripheral vein sampling, which partly correlates with DHF index; thus, circulating DPP4 may potentially serve as a biomarker for monitoring DHF.	dhf	126-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
23035207-11	2012	Myocardium-derived DPP4 activity in coronary sinus can be monitored by peripheral vein sampling, which partly correlates with DHF index; thus, circulating DPP4 may potentially serve as a biomarker for monitoring DHF.	dhf	212-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
23035207-11	2012	Myocardium-derived DPP4 activity in coronary sinus can be monitored by peripheral vein sampling, which partly correlates with DHF index; thus, circulating DPP4 may potentially serve as a biomarker for monitoring DHF.	dhf	212-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
22420869-1	2012	Incretin-based therapies have a glucose-dependent mode of action that results in excellent glucose-lowering efficacy with very low risk of hypoglycaemia, and weight neutrality [dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors] or weight loss [glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists], in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	177-199
22420869-1	2012	Incretin-based therapies have a glucose-dependent mode of action that results in excellent glucose-lowering efficacy with very low risk of hypoglycaemia, and weight neutrality [dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors] or weight loss [glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists], in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	201-206
24843607-0	2012	Predicting efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: Association of glycated hemoglobin reduction with serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	147-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
24843607-0	2012	Predicting efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes: Association of glycated hemoglobin reduction with serum eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels.	Docosahexaenoic Acids	173-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
24843607-6	2012	HbA1c reduction by DPP-4 inhibitors is significantly correlated with estimated intake of fish and serum levels of EPA and DHA.	Eicosapentaenoic Acid	114-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
24843607-6	2012	HbA1c reduction by DPP-4 inhibitors is significantly correlated with estimated intake of fish and serum levels of EPA and DHA.	Docosahexaenoic Acids	122-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
22388283-5	2012	DPP IV activity was determined by measuring the cleavage of chromogenic free 4-nitroaniline from Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide at 405 nm with an ELISA plate reader.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	97-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	saxagliptin	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
22688551-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of two dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, known to have different efficacy on mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), on oxidative stress, and on systemic inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	saxagliptin	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Linagliptin	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Linagliptin	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
22855332-1	2012	CONTEXT: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	alogliptin	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	alogliptin	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
23110260-5	2012	Linagliptin is a novel DPP IV inhibitor that is excreted primarily by the hepatic route, with little need for dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-29
23024732-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor that became available for use in Japan three years ago.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
22843705-0	2012	Glucose-independent improvement of vascular dysfunction in experimental sepsis by dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibition.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
23040117-3	2012	The purpose of this mechanistic study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 inhibitor sitagliptin on myocardial glucose uptake in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-116
23107693-6	2012	Leu-Pro and Ile-Pro were identified as the inhibitory peptides among the RB peptides produced with Umamizyme G. Ile-Pro was the strongest DPP-IV inhibitor among the 15 Xaa-Pro dipeptides and Pro-Ile tested.	Dipeptides	176-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-144
23040117-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin results in increased myocardial glucose uptake in nondiabetic patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
24300302-5	2012	The adherence to the recommended dosing of SU co-prescribed with DPP-4 inhibitors increased from 46.3% before to 63.8% after the JADEC recommendation (p &lt; 0.01 by time-series analysis), while no change was found in those for SU monotherapy and SU with other OHD co-prescriptions.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	43-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
23107693-6	2012	Leu-Pro and Ile-Pro were identified as the inhibitory peptides among the RB peptides produced with Umamizyme G. Ile-Pro was the strongest DPP-IV inhibitor among the 15 Xaa-Pro dipeptides and Pro-Ile tested.	Isoleucine	12-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-144
23107693-7	2012	Ile-Pro competitively inhibited DPP-IV (K(i)=0.11 mM).	Isoleucyl-Proline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
22923161-9	2012	RESULTS: The difference in mean total cholesterol values at endpoint versus baseline was significantly higher in patients on pioglitazone, sulfonylureas, and DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (but not on acarbose) than those on placebo, demonstrating that treatment with these drugs (except acarbose) is associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol.	Cholesterol	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
22691625-1	2012	The new incretin-based therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of their glucose-lowering capacity with low risk of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	198-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
22691625-1	2012	The new incretin-based therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors and glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of their glucose-lowering capacity with low risk of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	198-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
22913735-1	2012	Linagliptin (Trajenta , Tradjenta , Trazenta , Trayenta ) is an oral, highly selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 and is the first agent of its class to be eliminated predominantly via a nonrenal route.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
22923161-10	2012	With respect to triglycerides, a significant reduction could be observed with acarbose, pioglitazone, and DPP-4 inhibitors, but not with sulfonylureas.	Triglycerides	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22887971-0	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV-activated prodrugs of anti-varicella zoster virus bicyclic nucleoside analogues containing different self-cleavage spacer systems.	Nucleosides	83-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
22718884-2	2012	DPP4 inhibitors are currently used to improve glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes patients.	Glucose	46-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
22718884-7	2012	DPP4 inhibition resulted in a significant dose-dependent decrease in serum creatinine (1.31 +- 0.32 and 0.70 +- 0.19 mg/dl for VG1 and VG10, respectively, vs. 1.91 +- 0.28 mg/dl for controls at 12 h; P &lt; 0.01).	Creatinine	75-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
22850208-0	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with beta-amino amide scaffold: synthesis, SAR and biological evaluation.	beta-amino amide	38-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22850208-2	2012	Several series of beta-amino amide containing piperazine derivatives have been prepared and evaluated as a inhibitor of DPP4.	beta-amino amide	18-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
22850208-2	2012	Several series of beta-amino amide containing piperazine derivatives have been prepared and evaluated as a inhibitor of DPP4.	Piperazine	46-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
22853995-0	2012	4-Substituted boro-proline dipeptides: synthesis, characterization, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 8, and 9 activities.	4-substituted boro-proline dipeptides	0-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
22853995-1	2012	The boroProline-based dipeptidyl boronic acids were among the first DPP-IV inhibitors identified, and remain the most potent known.	boroproline-based dipeptidyl boronic acids	4-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
22853995-3	2012	Among these dipeptidyl boronic acids, Arg-(4S)-boroHyp (4q) was the most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, DPP8 and DPP9, while (4S)-Hyp-(4R)-boroHyp (4o) exhibited the most selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8 and DPP9.	dipeptidyl boronic acids	12-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
22853995-3	2012	Among these dipeptidyl boronic acids, Arg-(4S)-boroHyp (4q) was the most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, DPP8 and DPP9, while (4S)-Hyp-(4R)-boroHyp (4o) exhibited the most selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8 and DPP9.	arg-(4s)-borohyp	38-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
22853995-3	2012	Among these dipeptidyl boronic acids, Arg-(4S)-boroHyp (4q) was the most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, DPP8 and DPP9, while (4S)-Hyp-(4R)-boroHyp (4o) exhibited the most selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8 and DPP9.	4q	56-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
22853995-3	2012	Among these dipeptidyl boronic acids, Arg-(4S)-boroHyp (4q) was the most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV, DPP8 and DPP9, while (4S)-Hyp-(4R)-boroHyp (4o) exhibited the most selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8 and DPP9.	4q	56-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-190
22887971-1	2012	A new type of double prodrug of the antiviral family of bicyclic nucleoside analogues (BCNA) bearing cyclization self-cleavage spacers between the Val-Pro dipeptide sequence as well as the parent compound were synthesized and evaluated with regard to activation by the DPPIV/CD26 enzyme and for their stability in human and bovine serum.	3-cyanoalanine	87-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	275-279
22887971-4	2012	In contrast, the Val-Pro alkyldiamino prodrugs converted predominantly into their alkyldiamino prodrug intermediates in the presence of CD26 and human serum.	val-pro alkyldiamino	17-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
22887971-4	2012	In contrast, the Val-Pro alkyldiamino prodrugs converted predominantly into their alkyldiamino prodrug intermediates in the presence of CD26 and human serum.	alkyldiamino	25-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
22519909-0	2012	Combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor (sitagliptin) and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (losartan) promotes islet regeneration via enhanced differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
22816729-2	2012	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is licensed for 5 mg once-daily dosing.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
22519909-2	2012	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor sitagliptin and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1) receptor) blocker losartan have a common target action in the pancreata.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
22745245-1	2012	CONTEXT: Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which degrades the incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and thus, sitagliptin increases their bioavailability.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
22939034-2	2012	This study was designed to assess the utility of adjunctive therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with SU monotherapy.	Linagliptin	116-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-105
22939034-2	2012	This study was designed to assess the utility of adjunctive therapy with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with SU monotherapy.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	179-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-105
22943970-0	2012	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetics, food effect, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of DA-1229, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers: first-in-human study.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
22943970-2	2012	OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of DA-1229, which is a newly developed DPP IV inhibitor.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	92-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-134
22943970-18	2012	CONCLUSIONS: DA-1229 was well tolerated within the dose range of 1.25 to 60 mg. DA-1229 pharmacokinetics suggested dose proportionality, and dose-dependent DPP IV inhibition was exhibited.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
22745245-1	2012	CONTEXT: Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which degrades the incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and thus, sitagliptin increases their bioavailability.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
22745245-1	2012	CONTEXT: Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which degrades the incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and thus, sitagliptin increases their bioavailability.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	199-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
22745245-1	2012	CONTEXT: Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), which degrades the incretins, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and thus, sitagliptin increases their bioavailability.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	199-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
22745245-3	2012	Because DPP-IV is expressed as CD26 on cell membranes and because CD26 mediates proinflammatory signals, we hypothesized that sitagliptin may exert an antiinflammatory effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-14
22745245-3	2012	Because DPP-IV is expressed as CD26 on cell membranes and because CD26 mediates proinflammatory signals, we hypothesized that sitagliptin may exert an antiinflammatory effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
22745245-7	2012	Fasting glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations increased significantly, whereas the mRNA expression in mononuclear cell of CD26, the proinflammatory cytokine, TNFalpha, the receptor for endotoxin, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, TLR-2, and proinflammatory kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1 and inhibitory-kappaB kinase (IKKbeta), and that of the chemokine receptor CCR-2 fell significantly after 12 wk of sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	402-413	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-127
22745245-8	2012	TLR-2, IKKbeta, CCR-2, and CD26 expression and nuclear factor-kappaB binding also fell after a single dose of sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
22745245-11	2012	The suppression of CD26 expression suggests that sitagliptin may inhibit the synthesis of DPP-IV in addition to inhibiting its action.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
22745245-11	2012	The suppression of CD26 expression suggests that sitagliptin may inhibit the synthesis of DPP-IV in addition to inhibiting its action.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Dipeptides	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
22460522-3	2012	Known DPP4 inhibitors (including marketed drugs and those drug candidates) appear to share similar structural features: the cyanopyrrolidine moieties, the xanthenes/pyrimidine parts and amino-like linkages.	Pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile	124-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
22460522-3	2012	Known DPP4 inhibitors (including marketed drugs and those drug candidates) appear to share similar structural features: the cyanopyrrolidine moieties, the xanthenes/pyrimidine parts and amino-like linkages.	Xanthenes	155-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
22460522-3	2012	Known DPP4 inhibitors (including marketed drugs and those drug candidates) appear to share similar structural features: the cyanopyrrolidine moieties, the xanthenes/pyrimidine parts and amino-like linkages.	pyrimidine	165-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Dipeptides	101-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
22634073-3	2012	Herein, we present a switchable, biased-like SDF-1alpha variant, AAV-[S4V]-SDF-1alpha, whose distinct activity is coupled to the inflammation-associated presence of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which cleaves an alanine-alanine dipeptide from the precursor.	alanylalanine	213-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-193
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Proline	141-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Proline	141-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Alanine	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
22561447-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DP4) is a serine protease that preferentially cleaves N-terminal dipeptides from polypeptides containing proline or alanine as the penultimate amino acid.	Alanine	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
22561447-9	2012	Plasma DP4 in CD was also significantly lower than the control group.	Cadmium	14-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
22824762-0	2012	Fused bicyclic heteroarylpiperazine-substituted L-prolylthiazolidines as highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors lacking the electrophilic nitrile group.	heteroarylpiperazine	15-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
22824762-0	2012	Fused bicyclic heteroarylpiperazine-substituted L-prolylthiazolidines as highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors lacking the electrophilic nitrile group.	l-prolylthiazolidines	48-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
22824762-0	2012	Fused bicyclic heteroarylpiperazine-substituted L-prolylthiazolidines as highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors lacking the electrophilic nitrile group.	Nitriles	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
22824762-4	2012	Among them, 2-trifluoroquinolyl compound 8g is the most potent, long-lasting DPP-4 inhibitor (IC(50) = 0.37 nmol/L) with high selectivity against other related peptidases.	-trifluoroquinolyl	13-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22824762-5	2012	X-ray crystal structure determination of 8g indicates that CH-pi interactions generated between the quinolyl ring and the guanidinyl group of Arg358 enhances the DPP-4 inhibitory activity and selectivity.	quinolyl	100-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-167
22340363-1	2012	AIM: Linagliptin is a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently approved for use in the USA.	Linagliptin	5-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
22748821-2	2012	We aimed to compare a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) against a commonly used sulphonylurea (glimepiride).	Linagliptin	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
22686547-2	2012	The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.	alogliptin	98-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
22686547-2	2012	The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.	Linagliptin	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
22686547-2	2012	The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.	saxagliptin	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
22686547-2	2012	The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.	Vildagliptin	152-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
22870172-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors which prevent the inactivation of incretins, increasing the endogenous active incretin levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
22555472-3	2012	In addition, a variety of glucose-lowering drugs including sulfonylureas, glinide-derivatives, and incretin-related drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used for glycaemic control by targeting beta cell signalling for improved insulin secretion.	Glucose	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-153
22555472-3	2012	In addition, a variety of glucose-lowering drugs including sulfonylureas, glinide-derivatives, and incretin-related drugs such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are used for glycaemic control by targeting beta cell signalling for improved insulin secretion.	Glucose	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
22486277-0	2012	Effects of chronic treatment with metformin on dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, glucagon-like peptide 1 and ghrelin in obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Metformin	34-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
22648661-1	2012	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), such as sitagliptin, increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations and are current treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
22648661-1	2012	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), such as sitagliptin, increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations and are current treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
22870172-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is one of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors which prevent the inactivation of incretins, increasing the endogenous active incretin levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
21981936-0	2012	Drug eruption caused by sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
22242621-1	2012	WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:   Linagliptin is an oral, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved in the United States, Europe and elsewhere in 2011 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-107
22191695-2	2012	Vildagliptin is an oral DPP-4 inhibitor approved in more than 70 countries.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22691164-1	2012	Aim:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin given either alone or in combination with other oral glucose-lowering agents in persons with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	132-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-121
23185685-2	2012	Linagliptin is a recently approved oral antidiabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
23185685-2	2012	Linagliptin is a recently approved oral antidiabetic drug that acts by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
23185685-3	2012	Unlike other DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin is excreted chiefly via the enterohepatic system, and can be used without dose adjustment in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.	Linagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22828124-0	2012	The efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.	saxagliptin	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
22242621-1	2012	WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:   Linagliptin is an oral, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that was approved in the United States, Europe and elsewhere in 2011 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
22568694-1	2012	Linagliptin is an orally active small-molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, which was first licensed in the US, Europe, Japan and other territories in 2011 to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-88
22568694-2	2012	Linagliptin is the first and thus far the only DPP-4 inhibitor, and oral antihyperglycaemic drug in general, to be approved as a single-strength once-daily dose (5 mg).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
22568694-3	2012	Compared with other available DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin has a unique pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile that is characterized by target-mediated nonlinear pharmacokinetics, concentration-dependent protein binding, minimal renal clearance and no requirements for dose adjustment for any intrinsic or extrinsic factor.	Linagliptin	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
22568694-8	2012	The nonlinear pharmacokinetics of linagliptin are best described by a two-compartmental model that incorporates target-mediated drug disposition resulting from high-affinity, saturable binding to DPP-4.	Linagliptin	34-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-201
22568694-14	2012	Linagliptin potently inhibits DPP-4 (inhibition constant 1 nmol/L), and trough drug concentrations achieved with therapeutic dosing inhibit &gt;80% of plasma DPP-4 activity, the threshold associated with maximal antihyperglycaemic effects in animal models.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
22568694-14	2012	Linagliptin potently inhibits DPP-4 (inhibition constant 1 nmol/L), and trough drug concentrations achieved with therapeutic dosing inhibit &gt;80% of plasma DPP-4 activity, the threshold associated with maximal antihyperglycaemic effects in animal models.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
22555471-8	2012	GLP-1 agonists (exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) currently represent effective treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
22297059-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To describe a case illustrating the use of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-positive diabetes mellitus in association with a rare ataxic variant of stiff person syndrome.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-105
22651136-1	2012	Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
22297059-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To describe a case illustrating the use of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-positive diabetes mellitus in association with a rare ataxic variant of stiff person syndrome.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
22297059-2	2012	METHODS: We present our experience with use of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin for management of autoimmune diabetes in a elderly woman and highlight the association of diabetes with other autoimmune conditions.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
22587735-1	2012	Linagliptin, the most recently approved drug of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class, is an oral agent used to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
22496391-1	2012	Saxagliptin is a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
22587735-1	2012	Linagliptin, the most recently approved drug of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class, is an oral agent used to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
22587735-2	2012	By inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme, these drugs slow the inactivation of the endogenous incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), in turn reducing blood glucose levels in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
22587735-2	2012	By inhibiting the DPP-4 enzyme, these drugs slow the inactivation of the endogenous incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), in turn reducing blood glucose levels in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	213-220	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
22398368-8	2012	Additionally, suppression of DPP4 expression with siRNA induced elevated protein levels of FDPS and FDFT1, and increased cholesterol biosynthesis in WM-266-4 cells.	Cholesterol	121-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
22837904-6	2012	Oral DPP-IV inhibitors are important substitutes to sulfonylureas for patients with diabetes mellitus during fasting owing to their glucose-dependent mechanism of action, efficacy, and tolerability.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-11
22398368-9	2012	Together, the results from the present study revealed, for the first time, that 5-Aza-CdR exerts its cytotoxic effects in leukemia and melanoma cells through epigenetic reactivation of DPP4 gene and the resultant inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in these cells.	Cholesterol	227-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-189
22913894-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition increases levels of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, which in turn stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Glucose	104-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
21928236-3	2012	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor with dose adjustments based on eCLCr.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
22913894-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition increases levels of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, which in turn stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Glucose	193-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22913902-7	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors may be used as monotherapy in patients with CKD and HbA1c levels &lt; 8.5% as an alternative to insulin, glipizide, or pioglitazone.	Glipizide	139-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22425330-7	2012	The importance of DPP-4 inhibitors lies in their blockade of the DPP-4 enzyme leading to the prevention of their catabolism and thus increasing their blood levels, extending the duration of their action, and improving their blood glucose-lowering effect.	Glucose	230-237	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
22001114-1	2012	AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of saxagliptin (Onglyza( )), a DPP-4 inhibitor, plus metformin compared with a sulphonylurea (SU) (Glipizide) plus metformin in Swedish patients not well controlled on metformin alone.	saxagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22644981-13	2012	CONCLUSION: In a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the addition of the incretin mimetic exenatide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin to glipizide therapy appeared effective and safe.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	144-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-133
22644981-13	2012	CONCLUSION: In a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the addition of the incretin mimetic exenatide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin to glipizide therapy appeared effective and safe.	Glipizide	159-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-133
22743590-3	2012	In primary screening this semisynthetic halogenated polyphenol was identified to inhibit the activities of kinases ZAP-70 and Lck (IC50 0.34 microM and 16 microM, respectively), as well as hydrolase DPPIV (at 80 microM 41% inhibition).	Polyphenols	52-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-204
22683131-1	2012	BACKGROUND: In people with type 2 diabetes, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is one choice as second-line treatment after metformin, with basal insulin recommended as an alternative.	Metformin	132-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
22683131-1	2012	BACKGROUND: In people with type 2 diabetes, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is one choice as second-line treatment after metformin, with basal insulin recommended as an alternative.	Metformin	132-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
22683131-2	2012	We aimed to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of insulin glargine and sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients whose disease was uncontrolled with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
22672501-4	2012	DESIGN: We plan to prospectively investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with vildagliptin on a number of atherothrombotic markers and adipokines in patients with proven atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
22870790-1	2012	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Preliminary evidence suggests that inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV preserves pancreatic beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Adenosine Monophosphate	12-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-101
22425330-7	2012	The importance of DPP-4 inhibitors lies in their blockade of the DPP-4 enzyme leading to the prevention of their catabolism and thus increasing their blood levels, extending the duration of their action, and improving their blood glucose-lowering effect.	Glucose	230-237	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
22420306-0	2012	Linagliptin: a novel methylxanthin based approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
22381062-0	2012	Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and pharmacophore modeling studies of pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone	82-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-146
22381062-3	2012	In this study, a series of novel DPP-4 inhibitors, featuring the pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone scaffold, have been discovered using an integrated approach of structure-based virtual screening, chemical synthesis, and bioassay.	pyrazole-3-carbohydrazone	65-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
21898126-2	2012	Miglitol and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, enhance plasma active GLP-1 concentrations via different mechanisms; therefore, combined therapy with these agents was more effective than monotherapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
22420306-0	2012	Linagliptin: a novel methylxanthin based approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	methylxanthin	21-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-72
22171692-0	2012	The increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity is not counteracted by optimized glucose control in type 2 diabetes, but is lower in metformin-treated patients.	Glucose	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
22171692-0	2012	The increased dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity is not counteracted by optimized glucose control in type 2 diabetes, but is lower in metformin-treated patients.	Metformin	131-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
22420306-1	2012	Chemically, methylxanthine nucleus based Linagliptin (BI-1356, BI-1356-BS) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which has been developed by Boehringer Ingelheim in association with Lilly for the treatment of Type-II Diabetes.	methylxanthine	12-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
22171692-2	2012	We aimed to assess the effect of T2D and glucose control on DPP-4 activity.	Glucose	41-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
22420306-1	2012	Chemically, methylxanthine nucleus based Linagliptin (BI-1356, BI-1356-BS) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which has been developed by Boehringer Ingelheim in association with Lilly for the treatment of Type-II Diabetes.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
22171692-9	2012	In both sets of diabetic patients, the use of metformin was associated with a significantly lower DPP-4 activity, independently of age, sex, body mass index and HbA1c.	Metformin	46-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
22171692-11	2012	However, metformin may indirectly reduce DPP-4 activity.	Metformin	9-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
22420306-1	2012	Chemically, methylxanthine nucleus based Linagliptin (BI-1356, BI-1356-BS) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which has been developed by Boehringer Ingelheim in association with Lilly for the treatment of Type-II Diabetes.	Linagliptin	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
22420306-9	2012	In vitro assays also anticipated that Linagliptin is a potent DPPIV inhibitor as well as it exhibits good selectivity for DPP-IV as compared with other DPPs.	Linagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
22420306-9	2012	In vitro assays also anticipated that Linagliptin is a potent DPPIV inhibitor as well as it exhibits good selectivity for DPP-IV as compared with other DPPs.	Linagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
22420306-12	2012	X-ray crystallography anticipates that Linagliptin complexes with human DPPIV enzyme, e.g. butynyl substituent occupies the S1 hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme; the aminopiperidine substituent in the xanthine scaffold occupies the S2 subsite and its primary amine interacts with the key amino acid residues, which involves in the recognition of peptide substrates.	Linagliptin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
22650224-3	2012	GLP-1 is cleaved by the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme to its metabolite GLP-1 (9-36)-amide within 1-2 min of its release into the circulation.	Amides	85-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
22420306-12	2012	X-ray crystallography anticipates that Linagliptin complexes with human DPPIV enzyme, e.g. butynyl substituent occupies the S1 hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme; the aminopiperidine substituent in the xanthine scaffold occupies the S2 subsite and its primary amine interacts with the key amino acid residues, which involves in the recognition of peptide substrates.	but-1-yne	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
22420306-12	2012	X-ray crystallography anticipates that Linagliptin complexes with human DPPIV enzyme, e.g. butynyl substituent occupies the S1 hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme; the aminopiperidine substituent in the xanthine scaffold occupies the S2 subsite and its primary amine interacts with the key amino acid residues, which involves in the recognition of peptide substrates.	N-aminopiperidine	165-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
22420306-12	2012	X-ray crystallography anticipates that Linagliptin complexes with human DPPIV enzyme, e.g. butynyl substituent occupies the S1 hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme; the aminopiperidine substituent in the xanthine scaffold occupies the S2 subsite and its primary amine interacts with the key amino acid residues, which involves in the recognition of peptide substrates.	Xanthine	200-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
22420306-12	2012	X-ray crystallography anticipates that Linagliptin complexes with human DPPIV enzyme, e.g. butynyl substituent occupies the S1 hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme; the aminopiperidine substituent in the xanthine scaffold occupies the S2 subsite and its primary amine interacts with the key amino acid residues, which involves in the recognition of peptide substrates.	Amines	258-263	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
22397507-4	2012	AREAS COVERED: This paper provides an overview of the clinical results of combination therapy with metformin and the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in T2DM patients.	Vildagliptin	133-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
22503246-1	2012	Pyrrolidine based peptidomimetics are reported as potent and selective DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.	pyrrolidine	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
22051153-3	2012	The aim of the present study was to assess whether a dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor affects markers of bone resorption and calcium homeostasis.	Calcium	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-80
22051153-5	2012	Fifty-nine drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to either 1 year treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (100 mg, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 30).	Vildagliptin	126-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
22268497-1	2012	AIMS: To assess the safety and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-73
22440191-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that was approved in 2011 by the US Food and Drug Administration as a treatment adjunctive to diet and exercise for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
22439700-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are currently used as glucose-lowering agents in type 2 diabetes, due to their effects on insulin and glucagon secretion.	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
22439700-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors are currently used as glucose-lowering agents in type 2 diabetes, due to their effects on insulin and glucagon secretion.	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
22439700-9	2012	Available experimental evidence, together with a few pilot studies in humans, shows that GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP4 inhibitors are capable of ameliorating myocardial function and protect myocardiocytes from ischemic damage, independent of their glucose-lowering effects.	Glucose	251-258	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
22525314-3	2012	The inhibitors displayed inhibitory potency in the micromolar to nanomolar range and showed good to excellent selectivity with respect to the proline selective dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) DPP IV, DPP9 and DPP II.	Proline	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-195
22534255-0	2012	Effects of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a crossover drug-drug interaction study in healthy male Korean volunteers.	LC15-0444	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-104
22534255-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Gemigliptin (LC15-0444) is a newly developed selective and competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 and has potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-124
22534255-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Gemigliptin (LC15-0444) is a newly developed selective and competitive inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 and has potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	LC15-0444	25-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-124
22419732-0	2012	Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	49-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
22768894-8	2012	Treatment with DPP-4-I plus MET was associated with reduced proinsulin secretion versus SU plus MET and an increased insulin/proinsulin ratio versus the other T2DM groups.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	88-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
22419732-0	2012	Efficacy and tolerability of the DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin combined with pioglitazone, in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	91-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
22475049-3	2012	RESULTS: Saxagliptin and its active metabolite (5-hydroxysaxagliptin) are potent inhibitors of human DPP4 with prolonged dissociation from its active site (Ki = 1.3 nM and 2.6 nM, t1/2 = 50 and 23 minutes respectively at 37 C).	saxagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
22768591-0	2012	[Novel combined glucose-lowering drug with DPP-4 inhibitor and pioglitazone].	Glucose	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
22475049-3	2012	RESULTS: Saxagliptin and its active metabolite (5-hydroxysaxagliptin) are potent inhibitors of human DPP4 with prolonged dissociation from its active site (Ki = 1.3 nM and 2.6 nM, t1/2 = 50 and 23 minutes respectively at 37 C).	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	48-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
22475049-4	2012	In comparison, both vildagliptin (3.5 minutes) and sitagliptin ( &lt; 2 minutes) rapidly dissociated from DPP4 at 37 C. Saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin are selective for inhibition of DPP4 versus other DPP family members and a large panel of other proteases, and have similar potency and efficacy across multiple species.Inhibition of plasma DPP activity is used as a biomarker in animal models and clinical trials.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
22475049-4	2012	In comparison, both vildagliptin (3.5 minutes) and sitagliptin ( &lt; 2 minutes) rapidly dissociated from DPP4 at 37 C. Saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin are selective for inhibition of DPP4 versus other DPP family members and a large panel of other proteases, and have similar potency and efficacy across multiple species.Inhibition of plasma DPP activity is used as a biomarker in animal models and clinical trials.	saxagliptin	120-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
22475049-4	2012	In comparison, both vildagliptin (3.5 minutes) and sitagliptin ( &lt; 2 minutes) rapidly dissociated from DPP4 at 37 C. Saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin are selective for inhibition of DPP4 versus other DPP family members and a large panel of other proteases, and have similar potency and efficacy across multiple species.Inhibition of plasma DPP activity is used as a biomarker in animal models and clinical trials.	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	136-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
22475049-4	2012	In comparison, both vildagliptin (3.5 minutes) and sitagliptin ( &lt; 2 minutes) rapidly dissociated from DPP4 at 37 C. Saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin are selective for inhibition of DPP4 versus other DPP family members and a large panel of other proteases, and have similar potency and efficacy across multiple species.Inhibition of plasma DPP activity is used as a biomarker in animal models and clinical trials.	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	136-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
22475049-0	2012	Potency, selectivity and prolonged binding of saxagliptin to DPP4: maintenance of DPP4 inhibition by saxagliptin in vitro and ex vivo when compared to a rapidly-dissociating DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
22475049-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors have clinical benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing levels of glucose-lowering incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), a peptide with a short half life that is secreted for approximately 1 hour following a meal.	Glucose	140-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-33
22475049-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Saxagliptin and its active metabolite are potent, selective inhibitors of DPP4, with prolonged dissociation from its active site.	saxagliptin	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
22475049-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors have clinical benefit in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing levels of glucose-lowering incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide -1 (GLP-1), a peptide with a short half life that is secreted for approximately 1 hour following a meal.	Glucose	140-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
22475049-9	2012	They also demonstrate prolonged inhibition of plasma DPP4 ex vivo in animal models, which implies that saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin would continue to inhibit DPP4 during rapid increases in substrates in vivo.	saxagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
22475049-9	2012	They also demonstrate prolonged inhibition of plasma DPP4 ex vivo in animal models, which implies that saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin would continue to inhibit DPP4 during rapid increases in substrates in vivo.	saxagliptin	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-170
22475049-9	2012	They also demonstrate prolonged inhibition of plasma DPP4 ex vivo in animal models, which implies that saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin would continue to inhibit DPP4 during rapid increases in substrates in vivo.	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	119-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
22475049-9	2012	They also demonstrate prolonged inhibition of plasma DPP4 ex vivo in animal models, which implies that saxagliptin and 5-hydroxysaxagliptin would continue to inhibit DPP4 during rapid increases in substrates in vivo.	5-hydroxysaxagliptin	119-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-170
22307932-3	2012	We designed and studied tripartite prodrugs containing a dipeptide moiety (cleavable by DPPIV/CD26) and a valine as a hetero-bifunctional connector to link the dipeptide to the hydroxy group of the drug through a metabolically labile ester bond.	Dipeptides	160-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amines	118-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-220
22172989-8	2012	Although different by their chemical structure and pharmacokinetic properties, the DPP4 inhibitors currently available have proven similar glucose lowering efficacy.	Glucose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amines	118-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-227
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amines	118-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-232
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amides	152-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-220
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amides	152-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-227
22307932-1	2012	We previously described a novel prodrug approach in which a di- or tetrapeptide moiety is linked to a wide variety of amine-containing drugs through an amide bond, which is specifically cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) activity.	Amides	152-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-232
22197148-2	2012	Direct comparisons with active glucose-lowering comparators in drug-naive patients have demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors exert slightly less pronounced HbA(1c) reduction than metformin (with the advantage of better gastrointestinal tolerability) and similar glucose-lowering effects as with a thiazolidinedione (TZD; with the advantage of no weight gain).	Glucose	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22307932-3	2012	We designed and studied tripartite prodrugs containing a dipeptide moiety (cleavable by DPPIV/CD26) and a valine as a hetero-bifunctional connector to link the dipeptide to the hydroxy group of the drug through a metabolically labile ester bond.	Dipeptides	57-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
22377519-3	2012	A highly targeted synthetic effort lead to the discovery of pyridone 11, a dual MCH-1R antagonist/DPPIV inhibitor with selectivity over DPP8 and DPP9.	pyridone 11	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
22197148-2	2012	Direct comparisons with active glucose-lowering comparators in drug-naive patients have demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors exert slightly less pronounced HbA(1c) reduction than metformin (with the advantage of better gastrointestinal tolerability) and similar glucose-lowering effects as with a thiazolidinedione (TZD; with the advantage of no weight gain).	2,4-thiazolidinedione	295-312	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22197148-2	2012	Direct comparisons with active glucose-lowering comparators in drug-naive patients have demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors exert slightly less pronounced HbA(1c) reduction than metformin (with the advantage of better gastrointestinal tolerability) and similar glucose-lowering effects as with a thiazolidinedione (TZD; with the advantage of no weight gain).	2,4-thiazolidinedione	314-317	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22197148-4	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination.	Glucose	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22197148-4	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	128-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22197148-4	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination.	Metformin	160-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22197148-4	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination.	metformin-su	291-303	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22324384-3	2012	Through the inhibition of DPP-4, DPP-4 inhibitors enhance the effects of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, increasing glucose-mediated insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
22197148-4	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors also exert clinically relevant glucose-lowering effects compared with a placebo in patients treated with SU or TZD (of potential interest when metformin is either not tolerated or contraindicated), and as oral triple therapy with a good tolerability profile when added to a metformin-SU or pioglitazone-SU combination.	pioglitazone-su	307-322	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22324384-3	2012	Through the inhibition of DPP-4, DPP-4 inhibitors enhance the effects of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, increasing glucose-mediated insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
22324384-5	2012	We concluded that, once metformin fails to maintain glycemic control, addition of DPP-4 inhibitors should be the logical choice: they seems to lower HbA(1c) levels by 0.6-0.9 percentage points and to have a comparable effect on HbA(1c) versus the addition of a sulfonylurea or glitazone.	Metformin	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
22324384-5	2012	We concluded that, once metformin fails to maintain glycemic control, addition of DPP-4 inhibitors should be the logical choice: they seems to lower HbA(1c) levels by 0.6-0.9 percentage points and to have a comparable effect on HbA(1c) versus the addition of a sulfonylurea or glitazone.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	261-273	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
22197148-6	2012	Because of the complex pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and the complementary actions of glucose-lowering agents, initial combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor with either metformin or a glitazone may be applied in drug-naive patients, resulting in greater efficacy and similar safety compared with either drug as monotherapy.	Glucose	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
22324384-5	2012	We concluded that, once metformin fails to maintain glycemic control, addition of DPP-4 inhibitors should be the logical choice: they seems to lower HbA(1c) levels by 0.6-0.9 percentage points and to have a comparable effect on HbA(1c) versus the addition of a sulfonylurea or glitazone.	Thiazolidinediones	277-286	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
22197148-10	2012	Because of their pharmacokinetic characteristics, pharmacodynamic properties (glucose-dependent glucose-lowering effect) and good overall tolerability profile, DPP-4 inhibitors may have a key role to play in patients with renal impairment and in the elderly.	Glucose	78-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
22324384-7	2012	Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibitors prevent the risk of hypoglycemia posed by sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	72-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22390829-1	2012	Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
22197148-10	2012	Because of their pharmacokinetic characteristics, pharmacodynamic properties (glucose-dependent glucose-lowering effect) and good overall tolerability profile, DPP-4 inhibitors may have a key role to play in patients with renal impairment and in the elderly.	Glucose	96-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
22456294-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of meal timing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
22323472-2	2012	GLP-1 and its related incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a key determinant of incretin bioactivity.	Glucose	40-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-146
22323472-2	2012	GLP-1 and its related incretin hormone, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, are rapidly inactivated by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a key determinant of incretin bioactivity.	Glucose	40-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
22456294-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of meal timing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
22390369-2	2012	While the GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors act on the incretin system to regulate glucose homeostasis, there are important clinical differences among the five agents currently available in the U.S. For example, the GLP-1R agonists require subcutaneous administration, produce pharmacological levels of GLP-1 activity, promote weight loss, have a more robust glucose-lowering effect, and have a higher incidence of adverse gastrointestinal effects.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
22498683-0	2012	[Pharmacological and clinical profiles of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin (Trazenta)].	Linagliptin	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
22498683-0	2012	[Pharmacological and clinical profiles of the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin (Trazenta)].	Linagliptin	75-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
22185679-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was studied in three human lung cells - P (fetal lung-derived cells), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-MES-1 (squamous cell carcinoma) using a fluorescent cytochemical procedure developed on the basis of the substrate 4-(glycyl-L-prolyl hydrazido)-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide.	sk-mes-1	133-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
22185679-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was studied in three human lung cells - P (fetal lung-derived cells), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-MES-1 (squamous cell carcinoma) using a fluorescent cytochemical procedure developed on the basis of the substrate 4-(glycyl-L-prolyl hydrazido)-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide.	sk-mes-1	133-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
22185679-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was studied in three human lung cells - P (fetal lung-derived cells), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-MES-1 (squamous cell carcinoma) using a fluorescent cytochemical procedure developed on the basis of the substrate 4-(glycyl-L-prolyl hydrazido)-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide.	4-(glycyl-l-prolyl hydrazido)-n-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide	251-306	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
22185679-1	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) was studied in three human lung cells - P (fetal lung-derived cells), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma) and SK-MES-1 (squamous cell carcinoma) using a fluorescent cytochemical procedure developed on the basis of the substrate 4-(glycyl-L-prolyl hydrazido)-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide.	4-(glycyl-l-prolyl hydrazido)-n-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimide	251-306	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
24843562-2	2012	In this study, we attempted to estimate HbA1c using the change in GA level before and after the first 2 weeks (DeltaGA2w) of administration of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	143-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-180
22340932-12	2012	Combined patient and insurer spending for patients who were initiated on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was $677 over a 6-month period compared with $116 and $118 for patients initiated on metformin or a sulfonylurea, respectively, a cost difference of approximately $1120 annually per patient.	Metformin	259-268	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-162
22318932-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy and safety of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor recently approved in the US for use as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
22318932-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy and safety of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor recently approved in the US for use as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
22132773-2	2012	The efficacy and tolerability of saxagliptin, a once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor, administered as monotherapy, as add-on therapy to metformin, a sulfonylurea, or a thiazolidinedione, and as initial combination therapy with metformin, was demonstrated in pivotal 24-week clinical trials.	saxagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
22340932-12	2012	Combined patient and insurer spending for patients who were initiated on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, meglitinides, or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors was $677 over a 6-month period compared with $116 and $118 for patients initiated on metformin or a sulfonylurea, respectively, a cost difference of approximately $1120 annually per patient.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	274-286	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-162
22390806-1	2012	Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are two classes of drugs that have been approved for treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, based upon the glucose-lowering actions of the gastrointestinal hormone GLP-1.	Glucose	184-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
22442826-4	2012	RESULTS: A target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) model accounting for capacity-limited high affinity binding of vildagliptin to DPP-4 in plasma and tissues had good predictive performance.	Vildagliptin	114-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
22442826-5	2012	Modelling the full time course of the vildagliptin-DPP-4 interaction suggested parallel vildagliptin dissociation from DPP-4 by a slow first-order process and hydrolysis by DPP-4 to an inactive metabolite as a disposition mechanism.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
22442826-6	2012	Due to limited amounts of DPP-4, vildagliptin concentrations increased slightly more than dose proportionally.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
22442826-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin is both an inhibitor and substrate for DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
22442826-10	2012	By utilizing the TMDD approach, slow dissociation of vildagliptin from DPP-4 was found in patients and the half-life of hydrolysis by DPP-4 estimated.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
22442826-10	2012	By utilizing the TMDD approach, slow dissociation of vildagliptin from DPP-4 was found in patients and the half-life of hydrolysis by DPP-4 estimated.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
22442825-11	2012	The present model can be used to predict the effects of other dosage regimens of vildagliptin on DPP-4 inhibition, active GLP-1, glucose and insulin concentrations, or can be modified and applied to other incretin-related anti-diabetes therapies.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
22261805-7	2012	Furthermore, CD26 expression was significantly associated with better prognosis in patients receiving non-pemetrexed-containing regimens (MST, 14.2 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.0042), whereas there was no significant association between CD26 expression and survival time for patients receiving pemetrexed-containing regimens.	Pemetrexed	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
22261805-7	2012	Furthermore, CD26 expression was significantly associated with better prognosis in patients receiving non-pemetrexed-containing regimens (MST, 14.2 vs. 7.4 months, P = 0.0042), whereas there was no significant association between CD26 expression and survival time for patients receiving pemetrexed-containing regimens.	Pemetrexed	287-297	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
22296609-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
22296609-1	2012	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a highly selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
22296609-8	2012	EXPERT OPINION: Alogliptin is an additional choice in the group of DPP-4 inhibitors.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
22339447-1	2012	Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
22179204-0	2012	Increased hepatic expression of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 in non-alcoholic             fatty liver disease and its association with insulin resistance and glucose metabolism.	Glucose	152-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
22339447-1	2012	Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
22339447-9	2012	The DPP-4 enzyme contributes to the formation of the major hydrolysis metabolite, LAY151; therefore, vildagliptin is also a substrate of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
22339447-9	2012	The DPP-4 enzyme contributes to the formation of the major hydrolysis metabolite, LAY151; therefore, vildagliptin is also a substrate of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
22339447-19	2012	Oral administration of vildagliptin to patients with T2DM completely inhibits DPP-4 activity at a variety of doses.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
22339447-21	2012	Vildagliptin is a potent inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme, with a concentration required to achieve 50% DPP-4 inhibition (IC(50)) of 4.5 nmol/L in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
22339447-21	2012	Vildagliptin is a potent inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme, with a concentration required to achieve 50% DPP-4 inhibition (IC(50)) of 4.5 nmol/L in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
22339447-22	2012	Similar potency of DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin has been reported in different ethnic groups, indicating that ethnicity does not affect the pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
30764006-2	2012	Incretin-based therapies, and especially dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, offer new opportunities after failure of metformin.	Metformin	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
22179204-8	2012	DPP4 expression levels were negatively             correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with serum cholesterol levels.	Cholesterol	112-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
22179204-9	2012	In HepG2 cells, high glucose significantly enhanced DPP4 expression, whereas insulin,             fatty acids and cholesterol did not.	Glucose	21-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
22179204-10	2012	Increased hepatic expression of DPP4 in NAFLD             may be associated with metabolic factors, including insulin resistance, and may             adversely affect glucose metabolism in this liver disease.	Glucose	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
22309337-3	2012	We report a psoriasiform eruption induced by sitagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
22093941-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, DPP4) is a serine protease that releases N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
22093941-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, DPP4) is a serine protease that releases N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
22093941-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, DPP4) is a serine protease that releases N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
23946679-1	2012	Combination therapy with a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor and metformin or sulfonylurea results in substantial and additive glucose-lowering effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-55
23946679-3	2012	In the present report, we investigated the effect of addition of sitagliptin, the first-in-class DPP-4 inhibitor, to ongoing metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in three female Japanese patients with T2DM who refused insulin therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
22398230-1	2012	Photosensitivity to sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is reported.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
22398230-1	2012	Photosensitivity to sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is reported.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
22382611-12	2012	Treatment drop out rate was higher in exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors groups (in exenatide mostly for gastrointestinal side effects, in DPP-IV for inefficacy).	Exenatide	38-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-142
22382611-12	2012	Treatment drop out rate was higher in exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors groups (in exenatide mostly for gastrointestinal side effects, in DPP-IV for inefficacy).	Exenatide	81-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
21899912-0	2012	Contributing factors related to efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
22177783-1	2012	Novel deazaxanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitors have been identified that are potent (IC(50) &lt;10nM) and highly selective versus other dipeptidyl peptidases.	7-deazaxanthine	6-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
22186413-10	2012	These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that sitagliptin exerts direct, DPP-IV-independent effects on intestinal L cells, activating cAMP and ERK1/2 signaling and stimulating total GLP-1 secretion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
21752172-4	2012	This class of glucose-lowering agents enhances endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels by blocking the incretin-degrading enzyme DPP-4.	Glucose	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-199
21752172-5	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors may restore the deranged islet-cell balance in T2DM, by stimulating meal-related insulin secretion and by decreasing postprandial glucagon levels.	Glucagon	147-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22186413-0	2012	Novel biological action of the dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, sitagliptin, as a glucagon-like peptide-1 secretagogue.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
22381752-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To synthesize novel cyanopyrrolidine-bearing compounds as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and characterize their biological activities in vitro.	Pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile	31-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
22186413-2	2012	The dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents GLP-1 degradation and is used in the clinic to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to improved glycated hemoglobin levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
22186413-2	2012	The dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents GLP-1 degradation and is used in the clinic to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to improved glycated hemoglobin levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
22381752-0	2012	[Design, synthesis and characterization of cyanopyrrolidine-bearing compounds as DPP-4 inhibitors].	Pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile	43-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
22381752-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To synthesize novel cyanopyrrolidine-bearing compounds as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and characterize their biological activities in vitro.	Pyrrolidine-1-carbonitrile	31-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-97
22482239-0	2012	[Linagliptin (Trajenta): a selective DPP-4 inhibitor with limited renal elimination].	Linagliptin	1-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
22482239-0	2012	[Linagliptin (Trajenta): a selective DPP-4 inhibitor with limited renal elimination].	Linagliptin	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Glucosamine	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-133
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Glucosamine	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Polymers	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-133
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Polymers	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Polymers	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-133
22085632-3	2012	In this study, the glucosamine-based polymer chitosan was used as a cationic polymer-based in vitro delivery system for GLP-1, DPP-IV resistant GLP-1 analogues and siRNA targeting DPP-IV mRNA.	Polymers	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
22221000-1	2012	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ) is a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor widely approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
22085632-6	2012	Recombinant native GLP-1 protein levels in media of transfected cells reached 23 ng/L while our DPP-IV resistant analogues resulted in a fivefold increase of GLP-1 protein levels (115 ng/L) relative to native GLP-1, and equivalent to the Lipofectamine positive control.	Lipofectamine	238-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
22240132-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin (DFS).	des-fluoro-sitagliptin	122-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
22240132-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the antiatherogenic effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin (DFS).	dfs	146-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
22240132-2	2012	BACKGROUND: The new class of anti-type 2 diabetes drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, improves glucose metabolism by increasing levels of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1.	Glucose	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
22240132-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: A DPP-4 inhibitor, DFS, exhibited antiatherogenic effects through augmenting GLP-1 activity in macrophages and endothelium.	dfs	32-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
22290234-2	2012	GLP-1-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, an enzyme that degrades endogenous GLP-1, have established effectiveness in lowering glucose levels and are routinely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	182-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
22056373-4	2012	KEY FINDINGS: DA-1229 was shown to potently inhibit the DPP4 enzyme in human and murine soluble forms and the human membrane-bound form with IC(50) values of 0.98, 3.59 and 1.26 nM, respectively.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
22248301-2	2012	Saxagliptin is a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor approved as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with T2DM.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
22056373-5	2012	As a reversible and competitive inhibitor, DA-1229 was more selective to human DPP4 (6000-fold) than to human DPP8 and DPP9.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	43-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
22215383-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to reduce total cholesterol, but results are inconsistent across trials.	Cholesterol	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22234149-1	2012	BACKGROUND: This study investigated the cardiovascular (CV) safety profile of the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin versus comparator treatments.	Linagliptin	121-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-110
22215383-10	2012	The difference-in-means for endpoint versus baseline total cholesterol in patients on DPP-4 inhibitors treatment was significantly higher in comparison with controls, meaning that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-0.18 [-0.29; -0.06] mmol/L (-7.0 [-11.2; -2.50] mg/dL); P=0.002).	Cholesterol	264-275	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
22120969-10	2012	GLP-1R antagonist exendin(9-39) or DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin, which abolished GLP-1(9-36) formation, at the concentration of 5000 pmol/L partially blocked the effects of GLP-1 on eNOS.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
22215383-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been reported to reduce total cholesterol, but results are inconsistent across trials.	Cholesterol	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22215383-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests a possible beneficial effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on cholesterol, which, although small, could contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular risk.	Cholesterol	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
22215383-10	2012	The difference-in-means for endpoint versus baseline total cholesterol in patients on DPP-4 inhibitors treatment was significantly higher in comparison with controls, meaning that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-0.18 [-0.29; -0.06] mmol/L (-7.0 [-11.2; -2.50] mg/dL); P=0.002).	Cholesterol	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
22215383-10	2012	The difference-in-means for endpoint versus baseline total cholesterol in patients on DPP-4 inhibitors treatment was significantly higher in comparison with controls, meaning that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-0.18 [-0.29; -0.06] mmol/L (-7.0 [-11.2; -2.50] mg/dL); P=0.002).	Cholesterol	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
22215383-10	2012	The difference-in-means for endpoint versus baseline total cholesterol in patients on DPP-4 inhibitors treatment was significantly higher in comparison with controls, meaning that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors is associated with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-0.18 [-0.29; -0.06] mmol/L (-7.0 [-11.2; -2.50] mg/dL); P=0.002).	Cholesterol	264-275	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
22167343-8	2012	Interestingly, inhibition of DPP4 activity with diprotin A also enhanced the amount of Tissue Factor encountered and induced the adherence of platelets under flow conditions.	diprotin A	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
22143285-0	2012	Linagliptin:  the newest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
22143285-3	2012	Linagliptin is the third DPP-4 inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
22879795-4	2012	Additionally DPP-4 inhibitors have a glucose dependent glucagonostatic action contributing to improved glucose control.	Glucose	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22273590-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: To study the CD26 density on monocytes and CD4+ T-lymphocytes in steroid and DMARD-naive, early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to analyse for correlations with disease activity, including long-term radiographic progression.	Steroids	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
22879795-4	2012	Additionally DPP-4 inhibitors have a glucose dependent glucagonostatic action contributing to improved glucose control.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22273590-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The up-regulated density of CD26 on monocytes in steroid and DMARD naive active early RA was unaffected by 52 weeks of effective DMARD treatment and correlated to 5-year radiographic progression.	Steroids	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
22879795-6	2012	Linagliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor with a distinct pharmacological profile.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
22785237-4	2012	In correlation analyses, DPP4 activity displayed strong positive correlations with BMI (p = 5.5 x 10(-5)) and total cholesterol (p = 0.0014), and a negative correlation with the plasma adiponectin concentration (p = 0.013), but not fasting blood glucose.	Cholesterol	116-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
22709010-2	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors significantly lowered blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes without common body weight gain, hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal disturbance side effects.	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22056790-0	2012	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves psoriasis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
22056790-2	2012	After sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, was administered for control of blood glucose, psoriatic skin lesions were gradually diminished, although HbA1c did not improve.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
22056790-2	2012	After sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, was administered for control of blood glucose, psoriatic skin lesions were gradually diminished, although HbA1c did not improve.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
22056790-2	2012	After sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, was administered for control of blood glucose, psoriatic skin lesions were gradually diminished, although HbA1c did not improve.	Blood Glucose	97-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
22056790-2	2012	After sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, was administered for control of blood glucose, psoriatic skin lesions were gradually diminished, although HbA1c did not improve.	Blood Glucose	97-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
22240842-0	2012	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of KR-66223, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor.	KR 66223	41-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
22240842-1	2012	KR-66223 is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	KR 66223	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
22240842-1	2012	KR-66223 is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	KR 66223	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
22240842-4	2012	The EC(50)s for DPP-4 inhibition as calculated by the E(max) model was below 4.25 ng/mL across all species, confirming KR-66223 as a potent DPP-4 inhibitor.	Krypton	119-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
22240842-4	2012	The EC(50)s for DPP-4 inhibition as calculated by the E(max) model was below 4.25 ng/mL across all species, confirming KR-66223 as a potent DPP-4 inhibitor.	Krypton	119-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
22621443-2	2012	This study, approved by the institutional review board of Hanzoumon Diabetes City Atlas Clinic, examined whether DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin could safely achieve good glycemic control without severe hypoglycemia by employing the "added food" concept.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
21656024-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) is a protease whose activity is increased in diabetes and whose inhibition improves glucose tolerance.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21656024-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) is a protease whose activity is increased in diabetes and whose inhibition improves glucose tolerance.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21656024-3	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV/CD26) is a protease whose activity is increased in diabetes and whose inhibition improves glucose tolerance.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
22952411-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that selectively inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
22952411-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that selectively inhibits the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
22277726-4	2012	We encountered an 86-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes and depression, who was transferred to the emergency room 4h after ingestion of 1,700 mg of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin (1,700 mg is 17 times greater than the approved maximum dose).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	169-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	153-158
22149370-0	2012	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with a unique pharmacological profile, and efficacy in a broad range of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
22149370-3	2012	AREAS COVERED: This paper reviews studies that evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy and safety of linagliptin , a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, recently approved in the US, Japan and Europe for the treatment of T2DM.	Linagliptin	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-169
22149370-3	2012	AREAS COVERED: This paper reviews studies that evaluate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical efficacy and safety of linagliptin , a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, recently approved in the US, Japan and Europe for the treatment of T2DM.	Linagliptin	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-176
22149370-4	2012	EXPERT OPINION: Oral linagliptin, 5 mg once daily, is an effective, well-tolerated DPP-4 inhibitor, suitable for use in a wide range of patients with T2DM.	Linagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Glucagon	87-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Glucagon	87-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Metformin	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
22149373-2	2012	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, by promoting insulin secretion and reducing glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, offer new opportunities for oral therapy after failure of metformin.	Metformin	195-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22785237-4	2012	In correlation analyses, DPP4 activity displayed strong positive correlations with BMI (p = 5.5 x 10(-5)) and total cholesterol (p = 0.0014), and a negative correlation with the plasma adiponectin concentration (p = 0.013), but not fasting blood glucose.	Glucose	246-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
22850206-1	2012	We retrospectively investigated the effect of adding dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and tapering sulfonylurea on blood glucose fluctuation in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under basal-supported oral therapy (BOT).	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22864134-0	2012	Sitagliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22192641-0	2012	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	LC15-0444	92-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
22192641-0	2012	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	Pioglitazone	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
22192641-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: LC15-0444, a newly developed selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, has the potential to be administered with other antihyperglycemic agents.	LC15-0444	11-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
22864134-2	2012	We report a 48-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes who was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after continued polyarthritis and an increase in rheumatoid factor up to 86 IU/mL after three months of treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	219-230	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	234-239
23077137-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Treatment with the combination of sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor which improves glycemic control) and simvastatin (a well characterized lipid-lowering agent) may be considered an appropriate approach to management of type 2 diabetes and its associated increased risk of cardiovascular disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
22589709-7	2012	In vitro assays confirmed that five old drugs, namely montelukast, diclofenac, simvastatin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, showed polypharmacological features on estrogen receptors or dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with half maximal inhibitory or effective concentration ranged from 0.2 to 10 microM.	montelukast	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-208
23125920-5	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23125920-5	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
23125920-5	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
23125920-5	2012	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and linagliptin prevent the inactivation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP through competitive inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme.	Linagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
22589709-7	2012	In vitro assays confirmed that five old drugs, namely montelukast, diclofenac, simvastatin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, showed polypharmacological features on estrogen receptors or dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with half maximal inhibitory or effective concentration ranged from 0.2 to 10 microM.	Diclofenac	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-208
22589709-7	2012	In vitro assays confirmed that five old drugs, namely montelukast, diclofenac, simvastatin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, showed polypharmacological features on estrogen receptors or dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with half maximal inhibitory or effective concentration ranged from 0.2 to 10 microM.	Simvastatin	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-208
22589709-7	2012	In vitro assays confirmed that five old drugs, namely montelukast, diclofenac, simvastatin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, showed polypharmacological features on estrogen receptors or dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with half maximal inhibitory or effective concentration ranged from 0.2 to 10 microM.	Ketoconazole	92-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-208
22589709-7	2012	In vitro assays confirmed that five old drugs, namely montelukast, diclofenac, simvastatin, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, showed polypharmacological features on estrogen receptors or dipeptidyl peptidase-IV with half maximal inhibitory or effective concentration ranged from 0.2 to 10 microM.	Itraconazole	110-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-208
23094100-2	2012	GLP-1 7-36 amide, the predominant circulating active form of GLP-1, is rapidly truncated by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 to GLP-1 9-36 amide, which is generally considered inactive.	Amides	11-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
22950787-1	2012	Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor drug is used to treat type-2 diabetes (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
22761701-2	2012	DPP-4 inhibition attenuates insulin resistance and improves peripheral glucose utilization in humans.	Glucose	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22808001-7	2012	Moreover, the recovery and preservation of catalytic activity of two trans-membrane proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and nephrilysin, was examined and found to be clearly superior after CHAPS treatment compared to DTT.	3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate	188-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
22808001-7	2012	Moreover, the recovery and preservation of catalytic activity of two trans-membrane proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and nephrilysin, was examined and found to be clearly superior after CHAPS treatment compared to DTT.	Dithiothreitol	216-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Metformin	176-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-50
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Metformin	176-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-50
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	193-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-50
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
22153807-0	2012	Serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) predicts the response to sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes controlled inadequately by metformin and/or sulfonylurea.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	193-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
22153807-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	124-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22153807-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	124-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
22661900-1	2012	The efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, as monotherapy have been widely confirmed in a large body of clinical studies of up to 2 years" duration in various populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
22153807-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	124-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
22153807-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy.	Metformin	233-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22153807-2	2012	We investigated the relationship between the baseline serum level of soluble CD 26/DPP-4 and the response to treatment with sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, over 24 weeks in patients who had type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	250-262	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
21871831-3	2011	GLP-1 secretion has also been reported to potentially affect patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared with non-diabetics and, as enzymatic inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) shortens the GLP-1 half-life to a few minutes, GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide twice daily (BID) and liraglutide have been developed, and have become part of the management of patients with T2DM.	Exenatide	270-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-182
22189184-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, CGM measurements revealed that a combination of the alpha-GI miglitol and the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively reduced postprandial glucose fluctuation and stabilized blood glucose levels.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22189184-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, CGM measurements revealed that a combination of the alpha-GI miglitol and the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively reduced postprandial glucose fluctuation and stabilized blood glucose levels.	Glucose	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22189184-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, CGM measurements revealed that a combination of the alpha-GI miglitol and the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively reduced postprandial glucose fluctuation and stabilized blood glucose levels.	Glucose	208-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
22054301-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor saxagliptin (Onglyza) can undergo a thermodynamically favored cyclization to form the corresponding cyclic amidine.	saxagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
22054301-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor saxagliptin (Onglyza) can undergo a thermodynamically favored cyclization to form the corresponding cyclic amidine.	cyclic amidine	138-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
22019046-1	2011	In the course of our program for discovery of novel DPP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were found to be novel DPP-IV inhibitors.	pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine	83-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
22019046-1	2011	In the course of our program for discovery of novel DPP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were found to be novel DPP-IV inhibitors.	pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine	83-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
21871831-3	2011	GLP-1 secretion has also been reported to potentially affect patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared with non-diabetics and, as enzymatic inactivation by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) shortens the GLP-1 half-life to a few minutes, GLP-1 receptor agonists such as exenatide twice daily (BID) and liraglutide have been developed, and have become part of the management of patients with T2DM.	Exenatide	270-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
21977965-0	2011	Long-term treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal impairment: a randomised controlled 52-week efficacy and safety study.	saxagliptin	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
22022857-2	2011	The novel compound linagliptin has important different pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, when compared with previously commercialized DPP-4 inhibitors, which may offer some advantages in clinical practice.	Linagliptin	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
22022857-3	2011	Linagliptin has a unique PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) profile and is the first DPP-4 inhibitor with a nonrenal elimination route.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
21977965-2	2011	This report presents 52-week results from a study assessing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and renal impairment.	saxagliptin	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
22105729-4	2011	The clinical meaningfulness and implications of the observed effects of growth hormone, glutamine, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degradation resistant analog, teduglutide, is presented in this review and balanced against treatment related adverse events and possible unfavourable effects of long-term, possibly lifelong, treatments.	teduglutide	192-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
22007077-5	2011	In vitro and in vivo assays of DPP-4 inhibition (DPP-4i) on monocyte activation/migration were conducted in both human and murine cells and in a short-term ApoE(-/-) mouse model.	dpp-4i	49-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
22007077-8	2011	DPP-4 was highly expressed in bone marrow-derived CD11b(+) cells, with DPP-4i downregulating proinflammatory genes in these cells.	dpp-4i	71-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22424537-3	2011	Incidence of hypoglycemia associated with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors is similar to placebo, but is markedly increased when used in conjunction with sulfonylureas (SUs).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	149-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
21996517-0	2011	Molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA methods to investigate binding mechanisms of aminomethylpyrimidine inhibitors with DPP-IV.	aminomethylpyrimidine	88-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
21996517-1	2011	The aminomethylpyrimidines were investigated as a novel class of DPP-IV inhibitors.	aminomethylpyrimidine	4-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
22093196-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing endogenous active, intact glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in response to food, which augments insulin secretion and decreases glucagon release.	saxagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
21892746-6	2011	GLP-1 analogs and sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, limit myocardial infarct size in animal models by increasing intracellular cAMP levels and activating protein kinase A, whereas metformin protects the heart by activating AMP-activated protein kinase.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	18-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
22001206-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) family members, including DPP-IV, DPP8, DPP9 and others, cleave the peptide bond after the penultimate proline residue and are drug target rich.	Proline	134-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
21781152-1	2011	AIMS: To examine the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in persons with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled [HbA(1c) 53-86 mmol/mol (7.0-10.0%)] by metformin and sulphonylurea combination treatment.	Linagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
22424537-3	2011	Incidence of hypoglycemia associated with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors is similar to placebo, but is markedly increased when used in conjunction with sulfonylureas (SUs).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	164-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
22424537-4	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors have neutral effect on body weight but their combination with a thiazolidinedione (TZD) results in slight weight gain averaging 0.5 to 1.3 kg compared with placebo.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	100-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21867423-5	2011	Dilution assay indicated a long dissociation half-life (730 min) relative to DPPIV inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22025784-5	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors, compared with placebo or other treatments, were associated with a reduced risk of fractures (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio [MH-OR] 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.99, P = 0.045), even after the exclusion of comparisons with thiazolidinediones or sulfonylureas (MH-OR 0.56, 0.33-0.93, P = 0.026).	Thiazolidinediones	227-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22025784-5	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors, compared with placebo or other treatments, were associated with a reduced risk of fractures (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio [MH-OR] 0.60, 95% CI 0.37-0.99, P = 0.045), even after the exclusion of comparisons with thiazolidinediones or sulfonylureas (MH-OR 0.56, 0.33-0.93, P = 0.026).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	249-262	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
22104467-8	2011	The glucose-dependent manner of stimulation of insulin release and inhibition of glucagon secretion by both GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors contribute to the low incidence of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
22439134-1	2011	In the context of a need for improved strategies to control glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, new information was discussed during the American Diabetes Association"s annual meeting on the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	231-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	198-220
22616349-0	2011	Emerging role of DPP-4 inhibitor Vildagliptin in the management of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
23885193-0	2011	Further possible mechanisms of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors to decrease blood glucose in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
23885193-2	2011	Shortly after its use, several cases have been reported, in which the co-administration of DPP-4 inhibitors with sulfonylureas caused severe hyperglycemia in Japan.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	113-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
23885193-4	2011	Taken together, it is suggested that DPP-4 inhibitors may have other action mechanisms than to stimulate insulin secretion in glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
21733061-1	2011	AIM: Assess safety/tolerability and efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in 515 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate or severe renal impairment (RI).	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
21672124-0	2011	Effect of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin(*).	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
21672124-1	2011	AIM: This study assessed the influence of various degrees of renal impairment on the exposure of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a primarily non-renal route of excretion, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
21672124-1	2011	AIM: This study assessed the influence of various degrees of renal impairment on the exposure of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor with a primarily non-renal route of excretion, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	97-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
21982652-2	2011	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus alone or in combination with other antidiabetic therapies.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21923696-2	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors improve HbA(1c) by several mechanisms, including increasing glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide concentrations, which decreases postprandial rises in glucagon in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	123-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21923696-2	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors improve HbA(1c) by several mechanisms, including increasing glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide concentrations, which decreases postprandial rises in glucagon in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.	Glucagon	95-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
22025849-0	2011	Saxagliptin: A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
22025849-4	2011	Saxagliptin, a reversible, competitive dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is recently approved agent in the treatment of T2DM.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
21769947-6	2011	We concluded that resemblance exists of the representative conformations of these four cyclodextrins with the circularized three-turn single helical structure proposed for CD21 from small-angle X-ray scattering, as well as with the representative conformations of CD26.	Cyclodextrins	87-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	264-268
21574000-7	2011	Compared to patients on exenatide, patients on DPP-4 inhibitors were older and had lower BMI, waist, diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and HbA1c.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
21777901-1	2011	Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has been the focus of a large clinical development programme, including Phase 3 randomized vs placebo-controlled clinical trials as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with inadequate glycemic control using initial monotherapy (metformin, glibenclamide, thiazolidinedione).	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
21834515-0	2011	Proline in transmembrane domain of type II protein DPP-IV governs its translocation behavior through endoplasmic reticulum.	Proline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
21916836-0	2011	Linagliptin: a novel xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
21916836-0	2011	Linagliptin: a novel xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for treatment of type II diabetes mellitus.	Xanthine	21-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
21916836-7	2011	Linagliptin is the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to complete pivotal phase III trials, which have demonstrated its superiority to its competitors based on its low therapeutic dose, long-lasting inhibition of DPP-4 activity and a good safety/tolerability profile.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
21916836-7	2011	Linagliptin is the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor to complete pivotal phase III trials, which have demonstrated its superiority to its competitors based on its low therapeutic dose, long-lasting inhibition of DPP-4 activity and a good safety/tolerability profile.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	218-223
21923591-2	2011	The additional 16-carbon fatty acid chain causes noncovalent binding to albumin, which slows absorption from the injection site and protects the molecule from degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4, allowing for protraction of action.	16-carbon fatty acid	15-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-207
21554520-1	2011	AIM: To study the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition with saxagliptin on beta-cell function as reflected by the stimulated insulin secretion rate after an enteral glucose load in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
21554520-1	2011	AIM: To study the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition with saxagliptin on beta-cell function as reflected by the stimulated insulin secretion rate after an enteral glucose load in patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
21554520-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin improves pancreatic beta-cell function in postprandial and fasting states, and decreases postprandial glucagon concentration.	saxagliptin	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
21554520-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition with saxagliptin improves pancreatic beta-cell function in postprandial and fasting states, and decreases postprandial glucagon concentration.	Glucagon	149-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
21932180-1	2011	Sitagliptin is a stable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, a responsible enzyme that mainly inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and now one of the widely used agents for the treatment of diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-60
21507182-0	2011	Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
21507182-2	2011	Vildagliptin binds covalently to the catalytic site of DPP-4, eliciting prolonged enzyme inhibition.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
21788633-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
21209231-1	2011	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
21209231-1	2011	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	alogliptin	102-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	alogliptin	102-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21711053-2	2011	The availability of a DPP8-selective compound would be highly instrumental for studying and untwining the biological roles of DPP8 and DPP9 and for the disambiguation of biological effects of nonselective DPP-inhibitors that have mainly been ascribed to blocking of DPPIV"s action.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	22-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	266-271
21764322-0	2011	Identification of 3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones: a new class of potent, selective, and orally active non-peptide dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors that form a unique interaction with Lys554.	3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones	18-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-157
21764322-1	2011	The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a new class of potent and orally active non-peptide dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, 3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones, are described.	3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones	159-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
21764322-1	2011	The design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships of a new class of potent and orally active non-peptide dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, 3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones, are described.	3-aminomethyl-1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-1-isoquinolones	159-209	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
21636156-3	2011	He began receiving DPP-IV inhibitor (Sitagliptin 50 mg, daily), in lieu of insulin injection.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-25
21803422-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin when administered with and without food, in accordance with regulatory requirements to support dosing recommendations for patients.	Linagliptin	133-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
21803422-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the relative bioavailability of the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin when administered with and without food, in accordance with regulatory requirements to support dosing recommendations for patients.	Linagliptin	133-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
21679097-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) augments glucose-dependent insulin release and is a new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
21679097-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) augments glucose-dependent insulin release and is a new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Glucose	69-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
22651127-0	2011	Preclinical development of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor alogliptin: a brief overview.	alogliptin	61-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-50
21679097-2	2011	Vildagliptin is a new DPP-4 inhibitor approved in many countries for the treatment of T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
22651127-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a pyrimidinedione-based potent and selective inhibitor of DPP IV that was discovered by Syrrx (Takeda San Diego) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).	alogliptin	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
22651127-1	2011	INTRODUCTION: Alogliptin is a pyrimidinedione-based potent and selective inhibitor of DPP IV that was discovered by Syrrx (Takeda San Diego) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).	pyrimidinedione	30-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
22651127-6	2011	EXPERT OPINION: Alogliptin has shown greater in vitro selectivity for DPP IV over closely related enzymes, including DPP VIII and DPP IX, in comparison with other launched DPP IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
22651127-6	2011	EXPERT OPINION: Alogliptin has shown greater in vitro selectivity for DPP IV over closely related enzymes, including DPP VIII and DPP IX, in comparison with other launched DPP IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin.	alogliptin	16-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-178
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	Cyclosporine	238-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-110
21382532-2	2011	In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidylpeptidase-4 inhibitor, on the mast cell-mediated allergic response was studied with the possible mechanisms of action, focusing on the histamine release and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in mast cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-94
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	Cyclosporine	238-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	Ficusin	268-276	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-110
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	Ficusin	268-276	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	puva	297-301	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-110
21781066-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of soluble forms of CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and adenosine deaminase (ADA), thought to be markers of T-cell activation, and changes in their levels in response to cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) treatments with respect to disease activity.	puva	297-301	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
21547496-2	2011	The dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta cell function both acutely and chronically (up to 2 years).	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-31
21756359-8	2011	On top of metformin, patients with thiazolidine (OR 0.50; 95%CI 0.28-0.89) and DPP-4 inhibitor use (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.16-0.70) had a decreased risk for hypoglycaemia while it was again increased with sulfonylureas (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.44-2.99).	Metformin	10-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
21781066-0	2011	CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase serum levels in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A phototherapy.	Cyclosporine	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
21781066-0	2011	CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV and adenosine deaminase serum levels in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporine, etanercept, and psoralen plus ultraviolet A phototherapy.	Ficusin	131-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
21838055-3	2011	DPP-4 inhibitor, such as alogliptin, is already widely used in clinical practice, since there is no risks of drug-induced hypoglycemia when it is used alone.	alogliptin	25-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21812507-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors, which enhance glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by preventing DPP-4-mediated degradation of endogenously released incretin hormones, represent a new therapeutic approach to the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	59-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-32
21812507-2	2011	The "first-in-class" DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, was approved in 2006; it was followed by vildagliptin (available in the EU and many other countries since 2007, although approval in the US is still pending), saxagliptin (in 2009), alogliptin (in 2010, presently only in Japan) and linagliptin, which was approved in the US in May 2011 and is undergoing regulatory review in Japan and the EU.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
21756359-8	2011	On top of metformin, patients with thiazolidine (OR 0.50; 95%CI 0.28-0.89) and DPP-4 inhibitor use (OR 0.34; 95%CI 0.16-0.70) had a decreased risk for hypoglycaemia while it was again increased with sulfonylureas (OR 2.08; 95%CI 1.44-2.99).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	199-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
21651615-0	2011	Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy subjects.	saxagliptin	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
21727749-4	2011	The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
21727749-4	2011	The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
21727749-4	2011	The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas.	Metformin	207-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
21727749-4	2011	The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	220-233	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
22521013-4	2011	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of oral DPP-4, the most studied of this new class.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
21366665-0	2011	The pharmacokinetics of PF-734200, a DPP-IV inhibitor, in subjects with renal insufficiency.	gosogliptin	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
21609207-0	2011	Thorough QT study of the effects of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization and conduction in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
21609207-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effects of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes, on cardiac repolarization and conduction.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
21332626-0	2011	Saxagliptin, a potent, selective inhibitor of DPP-4, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of three oral antidiabetic drugs (metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone) in healthy subjects.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
21332626-1	2011	AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions of the potent, selective, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, in combination with metformin, glyburide or pioglitazone.	saxagliptin	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
21651615-6	2011	Similar maximum % inhibition and area under the % inhibition-time effect curve over 24 h for DPP-4 activity were observed when saxagliptin was administered alone or with rifampicin.	saxagliptin	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
21651615-6	2011	Similar maximum % inhibition and area under the % inhibition-time effect curve over 24 h for DPP-4 activity were observed when saxagliptin was administered alone or with rifampicin.	Rifampin	170-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
21651446-2	2011	Pioglitazone is now the only thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of T2DM and can be administered in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-185
21504334-1	2011	BACKGROUND: This study was performed to examine the efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) of 24-h glycemic changes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
21472661-0	2011	A Dose-Ranging Study of the DPP-IV Inhibitor PF-734200 Added to Metformin in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes*.	gosogliptin	45-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
21472661-1	2011	The purpose of this phase 2, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week dose-ranging study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor PF-734200 in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes who were on a stable dose of metformin.	pyrazofurin	218-220	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-198
21472661-1	2011	The purpose of this phase 2, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week dose-ranging study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor PF-734200 in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes who were on a stable dose of metformin.	pyrazofurin	218-220	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
21472661-1	2011	The purpose of this phase 2, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week dose-ranging study was to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor PF-734200 in adult subjects with type 2 diabetes who were on a stable dose of metformin.	Metformin	296-305	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
21723606-0	2011	Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and tolerability profiles of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin: a 4-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIa study in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients.	Linagliptin	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
21723606-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is under clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
21723606-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is under clinical development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
21723606-14	2011	Inhibition of plasma DPP-4 at 24 hours after the last dose on day 28 was approximately 45.8%, 77.8%, and 89.7% after linagliptin 0.5, 2.5, and 10 mg, respectively.	Linagliptin	117-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
21651449-4	2011	This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin, its clinical use and an expert opinion about its place in the treatment algorithm of diabetes management.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	84-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
21651446-2	2011	Pioglitazone is now the only thiazolidinedione approved for the treatment of T2DM and can be administered in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, exenatide, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or insulin.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-192
21680988-0	2011	Linagliptin: a new DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
21334333-3	2011	METHODS: We examined the US Food and Drug Administration"s database of reported adverse events for those associated with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetic exenatide, from 2004-2009; data on adverse events associated with 4 other medications were compared as controls.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-147
21680988-3	2011	Linagliptin is a recently approved DPP-4 inhibitor with unique pharmacological properties, including very high affinity for the DPP-4 enzyme, postdose DPP-4 inhibition&gt;80% after 24 hours, and a primarily fecal route of elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
21680988-3	2011	Linagliptin is a recently approved DPP-4 inhibitor with unique pharmacological properties, including very high affinity for the DPP-4 enzyme, postdose DPP-4 inhibition&gt;80% after 24 hours, and a primarily fecal route of elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
21680988-3	2011	Linagliptin is a recently approved DPP-4 inhibitor with unique pharmacological properties, including very high affinity for the DPP-4 enzyme, postdose DPP-4 inhibition&gt;80% after 24 hours, and a primarily fecal route of elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
21680990-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The mechanism of action of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, such as saxagliptin, makes them suitable for combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	saxagliptin	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
21397040-12	2011	DPP-4 inhibition by alogliptin mediates rapid vascular relaxation via GLP-1 independent, Src-Akt-eNOS mediated NO release and the activation of vascular potassium channels.	alogliptin	20-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21701440-0	2011	Linagliptin (Tradjenta)--a new DPP-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
21397040-9	2011	DPP-4 inhibition induced relaxation was completely abolished by a combination of L-NMMA, charybdotoxin and apamin.	N(G)-monomethylarginine acetate	81-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21397040-9	2011	DPP-4 inhibition induced relaxation was completely abolished by a combination of L-NMMA, charybdotoxin and apamin.	Charybdotoxin	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21603986-0	2011	Linagliptin: a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor with a unique place in therapy.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
21570283-0	2011	Discovery of DA-1229: a potent, long acting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
21570283-1	2011	A series of beta-amino amide containing substituted piperazine-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-amino amide	12-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-150
21570283-1	2011	A series of beta-amino amide containing substituted piperazine-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-amino amide	12-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
21570283-1	2011	A series of beta-amino amide containing substituted piperazine-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Piperazin-2-one	52-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-150
21570283-1	2011	A series of beta-amino amide containing substituted piperazine-2-one derivatives was synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl pepdidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Piperazin-2-one	52-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
21570283-2	2011	As results of intensive SAR study of the series, (R)-4-[(R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-butanoyl]-3-(t-butoxymethyl)-piperazin-2-one (DA-1229) displayed potent DPP-4 inhibition pattern in several animal models, was selected for clinical development.	(r)-4-[(r)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-butanoyl]-3-(t-butoxymethyl)-piperazin-2-one	49-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
21942079-1	2011	Sitagliptin (Januvia), the first selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 with a so-called incretin effect, has been evaluated in SUGAR, a large Belgian prospective observational study carried out in general practice.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-77
21603986-3	2011	Linagliptin is the latest DPP-4 inhibitor to complete pivotal phase 3 trials.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
21603986-9	2011	Linagliptin has recently been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and may find a place in therapy as a treatment option for the significant number of patients in whom metformin and the other DPP-4 inhibitors are either contraindicated or require dose adjustment because of moderate to severe renal impairment.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-208
21341986-0	2011	In vitro metabolism and transport of the new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, KR66222 and KR66223.	KR 66222	80-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
21352464-0	2011	The oral DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin significantly lowers HbA1c after 4 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
21352464-7	2011	Rapid and sustained inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 reached 91-93% across linagliptin doses at steady state.	Linagliptin	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
21500969-3	2011	The reader will gain detailed pharmacological and clinical information on alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin and will learn how these DPP IV inhibitors may widen the whole drug class.	alogliptin	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
21500969-6	2011	Preclinical and clinical studies of the novel DPP IV inhibitors alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin, including published data since 2007, are presented and a comparison of these compounds is made.	alogliptin	64-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
21500969-6	2011	Preclinical and clinical studies of the novel DPP IV inhibitors alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin, including published data since 2007, are presented and a comparison of these compounds is made.	dutogliptin	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
21500969-6	2011	Preclinical and clinical studies of the novel DPP IV inhibitors alogliptin, dutogliptin and linagliptin, including published data since 2007, are presented and a comparison of these compounds is made.	Linagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
21668924-0	2011	Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21465558-4	2011	In this study, conventional and steered molecular dynamics simulations were performed to explore the details of inhibitor Q448 release from the active site of DPP4 via the two potential pathways.	7-aminocephalosporanic acid	122-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-163
21341986-0	2011	In vitro metabolism and transport of the new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, KR66222 and KR66223.	KR 66223	92-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
21478015-0	2011	Non-competitive and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors with phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton derived from thalidomide-related alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor antagonists.	phenethylphenylphthalimide	70-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
21886033-2	2011	Liraglutide, an incretin mimetic, and saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, have been approved and introduced to the market.	saxagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
21478015-1	2011	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with a phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton were prepared based on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor (LXR) antagonists derived from thalidomide.	phenethylphenylphthalimide	57-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-29
21478015-0	2011	Non-competitive and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors with phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton derived from thalidomide-related alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor antagonists.	Thalidomide	119-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
21478015-1	2011	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with a phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton were prepared based on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor (LXR) antagonists derived from thalidomide.	phenethylphenylphthalimide	57-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
21309062-6	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors produced a smaller weight gain than thiazolidinediones, and showed a lower hypoglycaemia risk than sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	116-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21478015-1	2011	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with a phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton were prepared based on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor (LXR) antagonists derived from thalidomide.	Thalidomide	197-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-29
21478015-1	2011	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with a phenethylphenylphthalimide skeleton were prepared based on alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and liver X receptor (LXR) antagonists derived from thalidomide.	Thalidomide	197-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
21665040-10	2011	RESULTS: Pharmacologic modulation of incretin pathophysiology by GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors significantly improved glycemic control, benefited beta-cell function, improved dyslipidemia, and lowered the risk of hypoglycemia compared with insulin and sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	267-280	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
21309062-7	2011	The placebo-subtracted effect of DPP-4 inhibitors on HbA(1c) was greater in older patients and in those with lower fasting plasma glucose at baseline.	Glucose	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
21324812-4	2011	This occurred 5 weeks after the commencement of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
21412686-3	2011	We evaluated DPP IV and aminopeptidase N, both linked to malignancy in thyroid carcinoma, and dipeptidyl peptidase II activities in human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines upon treatment with retinol, apicidine, and lovastatin as differentiating agents.	Vitamin A	198-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
21412686-6	2011	Retinol treatment induced increases in thyroid-specific protein expression [thyroglobulin and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)], increase in iodide uptake, and decrease in thymidine uptake accompanied by decrease in DPP IV activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-219
21412686-7	2011	Decreases in DPP IV activities were also seen upon apicidine and lovastatin treatment, which also increased differentiation of the transformed thyrocytes.	apicidine	51-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
21412686-7	2011	Decreases in DPP IV activities were also seen upon apicidine and lovastatin treatment, which also increased differentiation of the transformed thyrocytes.	Lovastatin	65-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
21412686-8	2011	Our results demonstrate a link between decrease in DPP IV activity and increase in iodide uptake upon stimulation with differentiating agents.	Iodides	83-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
21251197-5	2011	Acetyl-Arg-(8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid)-D-Ala-L-boroPro selectively inhibited APCE vs. DPPIV, with an apparent K(i) of 5.7 nm vs. 6.1 mum, indicating that an approximately 1000-fold greater inhibitor concentration is required for DPPIV than for APCE.	acetyl-arg-(8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid)-d-ala-l-boropro	0-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
22127800-6	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, is a good treatment option to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia over time, while maintaining good glucose control.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
22127800-6	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, is a good treatment option to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia over time, while maintaining good glucose control.	Glucose	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21251197-5	2011	Acetyl-Arg-(8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid)-D-Ala-L-boroPro selectively inhibited APCE vs. DPPIV, with an apparent K(i) of 5.7 nm vs. 6.1 mum, indicating that an approximately 1000-fold greater inhibitor concentration is required for DPPIV than for APCE.	acetyl-arg-(8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid)-d-ala-l-boropro	0-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	234-239
21435872-2	2011	Several amine derivatives of 16- dehydropregnenolone were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV.	Amines	8-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
20737212-0	2011	CoMFA and CoMSIA of diverse pyrrolidine analogues as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: active site requirements.	pyrrolidine	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
20737212-3	2011	The comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) contour plots of pyrrolidine based analogues are used to analyze the structural requirements of a DPP-IV active site.	pyrrolidine	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-216
20737212-7	2011	The contour plots of molecular fields resulting from these studies have suggested: (i) steric restriction with small electron rich substituent at 2- and 3-position of pyrrolidine ring, (ii) presence of electropositive ring linker between the pyrrolidine head and aryl tail, (iii) presence of electron-rich groups around the aryl tail moiety, and (iv) presence of sulfonamide between the ring linker and aryl tail which would increase DPP-IV binding affinity of the compounds.	pyrrolidine	167-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	434-440
20737212-7	2011	The contour plots of molecular fields resulting from these studies have suggested: (i) steric restriction with small electron rich substituent at 2- and 3-position of pyrrolidine ring, (ii) presence of electropositive ring linker between the pyrrolidine head and aryl tail, (iii) presence of electron-rich groups around the aryl tail moiety, and (iv) presence of sulfonamide between the ring linker and aryl tail which would increase DPP-IV binding affinity of the compounds.	pyrrolidine	242-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	434-440
20737212-7	2011	The contour plots of molecular fields resulting from these studies have suggested: (i) steric restriction with small electron rich substituent at 2- and 3-position of pyrrolidine ring, (ii) presence of electropositive ring linker between the pyrrolidine head and aryl tail, (iii) presence of electron-rich groups around the aryl tail moiety, and (iv) presence of sulfonamide between the ring linker and aryl tail which would increase DPP-IV binding affinity of the compounds.	Sulfonamides	363-374	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	434-440
21595274-1	2011	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor, is launched in Japan in advance of other countries in the world.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
21595274-2	2011	Alogliptin has high-selectivity to inhibit DPP-4 activity compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors due to its unique formula of chemical structure.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
21595274-2	2011	Alogliptin has high-selectivity to inhibit DPP-4 activity compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors due to its unique formula of chemical structure.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
21595275-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class agent, is an insulin sensitizer and alogliptin belongs to DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor class agents, which promote postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a blood glucose dependent fashion.	Pioglitazone	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
21595275-3	2011	Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione class agent, is an insulin sensitizer and alogliptin belongs to DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitor class agents, which promote postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon secretion in a blood glucose dependent fashion.	Glucose	241-248	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-127
21595278-2	2011	New DPP-4 inhibitors are expected to be available soon in addition to currently available DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin.	Vildagliptin	121-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595279-1	2011	Incretin-related drugs(GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP IV inhibitors) have novel mechanisms for treatment of diabetes and can be combined with other anti-hyperglycemic drugs, such as SU, BG, TZD and alpha-GI drugs to achieve the better control of blood glucose levels.	Glucose	253-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
21595280-2	2011	Recently, there are a few reports that DPP-4 inhibitors cause severe hypoglycemia when combined with sulfonylureas although no major hypoglycemic episodes were reported in clinical studies.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	101-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
21595281-0	2011	[Efficacy of a DPP-4 inhibitor as assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)].	Glucose	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
21595281-2	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor given alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea (SU) reduced not only the 24-hour mean glucose level as equivalent to the HbAlc value but also the SD of 288 glucose levels for 24 hour and the mean amplitude glucose excursions (MAGE).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595281-2	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor given alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea (SU) reduced not only the 24-hour mean glucose level as equivalent to the HbAlc value but also the SD of 288 glucose levels for 24 hour and the mean amplitude glucose excursions (MAGE).	Sulfonylurea Compounds	71-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595281-2	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor given alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea (SU) reduced not only the 24-hour mean glucose level as equivalent to the HbAlc value but also the SD of 288 glucose levels for 24 hour and the mean amplitude glucose excursions (MAGE).	Glucose	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595281-2	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor given alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea (SU) reduced not only the 24-hour mean glucose level as equivalent to the HbAlc value but also the SD of 288 glucose levels for 24 hour and the mean amplitude glucose excursions (MAGE).	Glucose	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595281-2	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor given alone or in combination with a sulfonylurea (SU) reduced not only the 24-hour mean glucose level as equivalent to the HbAlc value but also the SD of 288 glucose levels for 24 hour and the mean amplitude glucose excursions (MAGE).	Glucose	179-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21595281-3	2011	Particularly, the DPP-4 inhibitor, when given in addition to SU, produces not only additive reductions in mean glucose levels but also reductions in the magnitude of glycemic variations, while at the same time exhibiting the potential to serve as a glucose modulator in low glucose levels.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	61-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
21595281-3	2011	Particularly, the DPP-4 inhibitor, when given in addition to SU, produces not only additive reductions in mean glucose levels but also reductions in the magnitude of glycemic variations, while at the same time exhibiting the potential to serve as a glucose modulator in low glucose levels.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
21595281-3	2011	Particularly, the DPP-4 inhibitor, when given in addition to SU, produces not only additive reductions in mean glucose levels but also reductions in the magnitude of glycemic variations, while at the same time exhibiting the potential to serve as a glucose modulator in low glucose levels.	Glucose	249-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
21595281-3	2011	Particularly, the DPP-4 inhibitor, when given in addition to SU, produces not only additive reductions in mean glucose levels but also reductions in the magnitude of glycemic variations, while at the same time exhibiting the potential to serve as a glucose modulator in low glucose levels.	Glucose	249-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
21595281-5	2011	In summary, when assessed for its effects on 24-hour glycemic variations, the DPP-4 inhibitor produces reductions not only in the 24-hour mean glucose level but also in the magnitude of glycemic excursions, thus likely representing a new type of anti-diabetic agent that combines the merits of an SU, which potently lowers HbAlc primarily by reducing fasting glucose levels, and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which reduces the magnitude of glycemic variations primarily by lowering postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	143-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
21595281-5	2011	In summary, when assessed for its effects on 24-hour glycemic variations, the DPP-4 inhibitor produces reductions not only in the 24-hour mean glucose level but also in the magnitude of glycemic excursions, thus likely representing a new type of anti-diabetic agent that combines the merits of an SU, which potently lowers HbAlc primarily by reducing fasting glucose levels, and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which reduces the magnitude of glycemic variations primarily by lowering postprandial glucose levels.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	297-299	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
21595281-5	2011	In summary, when assessed for its effects on 24-hour glycemic variations, the DPP-4 inhibitor produces reductions not only in the 24-hour mean glucose level but also in the magnitude of glycemic excursions, thus likely representing a new type of anti-diabetic agent that combines the merits of an SU, which potently lowers HbAlc primarily by reducing fasting glucose levels, and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which reduces the magnitude of glycemic variations primarily by lowering postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	359-366	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
21595281-5	2011	In summary, when assessed for its effects on 24-hour glycemic variations, the DPP-4 inhibitor produces reductions not only in the 24-hour mean glucose level but also in the magnitude of glycemic excursions, thus likely representing a new type of anti-diabetic agent that combines the merits of an SU, which potently lowers HbAlc primarily by reducing fasting glucose levels, and an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which reduces the magnitude of glycemic variations primarily by lowering postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	359-366	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
21595272-2	2011	Sitagliptin is one of several DPP-4 inhibitors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
21595274-1	2011	Alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitor, is launched in Japan in advance of other countries in the world.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21435872-2	2011	Several amine derivatives of 16- dehydropregnenolone were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV.	16-dehydropregnenolone	29-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
21435872-5	2011	This study suggest that introduction of appropriate substituents in the 16-dehydropregnenolone plays an important role in DPP-IV inhibitory activity.	16-dehydropregnenolone	72-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
21243448-4	2011	During recent years, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as alternatives to SUs.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	95-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
21298326-0	2011	The dietary flavonoid apigenin enhances the activities of the anti-metastatic protein CD26 on human colon carcinoma cells.	Flavonoids	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
21298326-6	2011	Levels of CD26 protein, along with its associated DPPIV enzyme activity, capacity to bind eADA, and ability to link cells to fibronectin, were increased with a maximum after 24-48 h. Elevation of CD26 occurred at concentrations that were at least 10-fold less than those shown to affect cell growth, and 100-fold below those that could affect cell viability.	eada	90-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
21298326-7	2011	Furthermore, the CD26 effect was enhanced when apigenin was paired with chemotherapeutic agents utilized in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer including irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin.	Irinotecan	162-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
21298326-7	2011	Furthermore, the CD26 effect was enhanced when apigenin was paired with chemotherapeutic agents utilized in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer including irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin.	Fluorouracil	174-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
21298326-7	2011	Furthermore, the CD26 effect was enhanced when apigenin was paired with chemotherapeutic agents utilized in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer including irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin.	Oxaliplatin	193-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
21738898-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptide-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that increases blood levels of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP), resulting in increased insulin secretion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-66
21738898-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptide-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that increases blood levels of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP), resulting in increased insulin secretion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
21392067-0	2011	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PF-734200 added to metformin in Type 2 diabetes.	gosogliptin	60-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
21314817-7	2011	In addition, FAP slowly hydrolysed other hormone peptides, such as the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, which are efficient DPP4 substrates.	Glucose	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-175
21755761-0	2011	Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
21755761-0	2011	Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
21755761-8	2011	Vildagliptin is a drug from a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
21755761-8	2011	Vildagliptin is a drug from a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
21755761-9	2011	By inhibiting DPP-4, vildagliptin causes an increase in GLP-1, an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
21755761-10	2011	Vildagliptin has a half-life of about 90 minutes; however, &gt; or = 50% of DPP4 inhibition continues for more than 10 hours, allowing for once- or twice-daily dosing.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
21294589-2	2011	We have selected the validated target dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), whose inhibition contributes to reduce glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
21239518-0	2011	Inhibition of DPP-4 with vildagliptin improved insulin secretion in response to oral as well as "isoglycemic" intravenous glucose without numerically changing the incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	25-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
21239518-0	2011	Inhibition of DPP-4 with vildagliptin improved insulin secretion in response to oral as well as "isoglycemic" intravenous glucose without numerically changing the incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
21239518-2	2011	The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess the incretin effect after treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (V) or placebo (P) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	119-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
21239518-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition augmented insulin secretory responses both after oral glucose and during isoglycemic iv glucose infusions, with no net change in the incretin effect.	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
21239518-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibition augmented insulin secretory responses both after oral glucose and during isoglycemic iv glucose infusions, with no net change in the incretin effect.	Glucose	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
21239518-10	2011	Or, DPP-4 inhibitor-induced change in the incretin-related environment of islets may persist overnight, augmenting insulin secretory responses to iv glucose as well.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21294589-2	2011	We have selected the validated target dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), whose inhibition contributes to reduce glucose levels in type 2 diabetes patients.	Glucose	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-61
21256171-1	2011	Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that whey proteins can reduce postprandial glucose levels and stimulate insulin release in healthy subjects and in subjects with type 2 diabetes by reducing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in the proximal bowel and hence increasing intact incretin levels.	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-227
21256171-3	2011	We proved that the bioactive peptide Ile-Pro-Ala can be regarded as a moderate DPP-4 inhibitor.	Ile-Pro-Ala	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
21262219-1	2011	The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has significant roles in the regulation of postprandial glucose metabolism, and the active form of GLP-1 is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV.	Glucose	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-210
21262219-3	2011	In the present study, we investigated the character of a DPP-IV inhibitor, TS-021, (2S, 4S)-4-fluoro-1-{[(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile monobenzenesulfonate both in vitro and in vivo.	TS-021	75-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
21262219-10	2011	These results suggest that TS-021 is a selective and reversible dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor and has excellent characteristics as an oral anti-diabetic agent for postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes.	TS-021	27-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-87
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
21443284-1	2011	Linagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in terms of its predominantly non-renal elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
21443284-1	2011	Linagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile in terms of its predominantly non-renal elimination.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
21194356-7	2011	The expression of DPPIV and DPP8 was significantly higher in the cardiac microvascular endothelium than in the other ECs, suggesting a more pronounced role of these DPPs in the microvasculature.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	165-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine	2-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine	2-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	valerolactam	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	valerolactam	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)	208-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
21324688-1	2011	A 3-amino-4-substituted pyrrolidine series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors was rapidly developed into a candidate series by identification of a polar valerolactam replacement for the lipophilic 2,4,5-trifluorophenyl pharmacophore.	(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)	208-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
21324688-2	2011	The addition of a gem-difluoro substituent to the lactam improved overall DPP-4 inhibition and an efficient asymmetric route to 3,4-diaminopyrrolidines was developed.	gem-difluoro	18-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
21324688-2	2011	The addition of a gem-difluoro substituent to the lactam improved overall DPP-4 inhibition and an efficient asymmetric route to 3,4-diaminopyrrolidines was developed.	Lactams	50-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
21324688-2	2011	The addition of a gem-difluoro substituent to the lactam improved overall DPP-4 inhibition and an efficient asymmetric route to 3,4-diaminopyrrolidines was developed.	3,4-diaminopyrrolidines	128-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
21387497-0	2011	One-pot high-yielding synthesis of the DPP4-selective inhibitor ABT-341 by a four-component coupling mediated by a diphenylprolinol silyl ether.	ABT 341	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
21387497-0	2011	One-pot high-yielding synthesis of the DPP4-selective inhibitor ABT-341 by a four-component coupling mediated by a diphenylprolinol silyl ether.	diphenylprolinol silyl ether	115-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
21284559-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4/CD26 (DP4) is a multifunctional serine protease liberating dipeptide from the N-terminus of (oligo)peptides which can modulate the activity of these peptides.	Dipeptides	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
21284559-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4/CD26 (DP4) is a multifunctional serine protease liberating dipeptide from the N-terminus of (oligo)peptides which can modulate the activity of these peptides.	Dipeptides	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
21517657-3	2011	Incretin-based treatments for T2DM, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, mimic or prolong the actions of incretin hormones and function in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby reducing hyperglycemia and avoiding hypoglycemia.	Glucose	183-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
21517657-3	2011	Incretin-based treatments for T2DM, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, mimic or prolong the actions of incretin hormones and function in a glucose-dependent manner, thereby reducing hyperglycemia and avoiding hypoglycemia.	Glucose	183-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
21194356-8	2011	In situ, DPP activity in ventricular microvasculature was completely inhibited by sitagliptin, indicating that DPPIV is the predominant DPPIV-like enzyme in this organ.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	9-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
21194356-8	2011	In situ, DPP activity in ventricular microvasculature was completely inhibited by sitagliptin, indicating that DPPIV is the predominant DPPIV-like enzyme in this organ.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	9-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
21194356-8	2011	In situ, DPP activity in ventricular microvasculature was completely inhibited by sitagliptin, indicating that DPPIV is the predominant DPPIV-like enzyme in this organ.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
21194356-8	2011	In situ, DPP activity in ventricular microvasculature was completely inhibited by sitagliptin, indicating that DPPIV is the predominant DPPIV-like enzyme in this organ.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	82-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
21284702-0	2011	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition following single doses of sitagliptin in healthy, young Japanese males.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
21205122-1	2011	AIM: To assess the safety and efficacy of the potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin 5 mg when given for 24 weeks to patients with type 2 diabetes who were either treatment-naive or who had received one oral antidiabetes drug (OAD).	Linagliptin	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
21284702-1	2011	AIMS: Sitagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
21284702-1	2011	AIMS: Sitagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
21284702-10	2011	After correction for dilution and competition effects during assay, doses of sitagliptin &gt;=50mg resulted in weighted average DPP-4 inhibition from 0-24h post-dose &gt;94% (without correction, &gt;78%).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
21194775-2	2011	Nateglinide inhibited DPP-4 activity, reduced GLP-1 degradation and enhanced its insulinotropic and blood glucose lowering effect.	Nateglinide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
21205107-1	2011	Several new oral antidiabetic agents, known as "gliptins" or "enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors", have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and a key clinical use of the gliptins is in combination with metformin.	Metformin	233-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
21035885-1	2011	We report the case of a type 2 diabetes subject who developed severe leucopenia associated with treatment with the dipeptidil-peptidase 4 enzyme inhibitor Sitagliptin and highlights DPP4 inhibitors as a possible cause of unexplained hematolgical abnormalities in patients receiving DPP4-inhibitor treatment.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	155-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	282-286
21205107-1	2011	Several new oral antidiabetic agents, known as "gliptins" or "enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitors", have been developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and a key clinical use of the gliptins is in combination with metformin.	Metformin	233-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
21205107-3	2011	Therefore, individual gliptins need to be characterized and here we discuss the extensively studied DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, which has binding characteristics that ensure inhibition of the enzyme beyond the presence of detectable drug levels in plasma.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
21340661-1	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple doses of the oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the P-glycoprotein substrate digoxin.	Linagliptin	130-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
21340661-1	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate whether multiple doses of the oral and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin affect the steady-state pharmacokinetics of the P-glycoprotein substrate digoxin.	Digoxin	215-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-119
30290444-4	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors have a low incidence of hypoglycemia without significant weight gain and there is strong evidence that the administration of vildagliptin results in improved alpha- and beta-cell function.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21093607-5	2011	The enzyme was inhibited by bacitracin, tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, and by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV family inhibitor L-threo-Ile-thiazolidide (K(i) 70 nM).	l-threo-ile-thiazolidide	128-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
21218817-0	2011	Discovery of a 3-pyridylacetic acid derivative (TAK-100) as a potent, selective and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-pyridineacetic acid	15-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
21218817-0	2011	Discovery of a 3-pyridylacetic acid derivative (TAK-100) as a potent, selective and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	3-pyridineacetic acid	15-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
21218817-0	2011	Discovery of a 3-pyridylacetic acid derivative (TAK-100) as a potent, selective and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	5-(aminomethyl)-6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-ylacetic acid	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
21218817-0	2011	Discovery of a 3-pyridylacetic acid derivative (TAK-100) as a potent, selective and orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	5-(aminomethyl)-6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-ylacetic acid	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
21218817-5	2011	After further optimization, we identified a hydrate of [5-(aminomethyl)-6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-yl]acetic acid (30c) as a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor.	5-(aminomethyl)-6-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-2-ethyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)pyridin-3-ylacetic acid	55-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
21319871-1	2011	Sitagliptin/metformin is a single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide antihyperglycaemic metformin that achieves greater improvements in glycaemic control than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
21319871-1	2011	Sitagliptin/metformin is a single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide antihyperglycaemic metformin that achieves greater improvements in glycaemic control than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Metformin	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
21319871-1	2011	Sitagliptin/metformin is a single-tablet, fixed-dose combination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin and the biguanide antihyperglycaemic metformin that achieves greater improvements in glycaemic control than either component alone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
21299434-0	2011	Development of a robust QSAR model to predict the affinity of pyrrolidine analogs for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP- IV).	pyrrolidine	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
21431099-4	2011	Currently, there are four DPP IV inhibitors available in various countries-alogliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin (1).	alogliptin	75-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
21431099-4	2011	Currently, there are four DPP IV inhibitors available in various countries-alogliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin (1).	saxagliptin	117-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
21299434-0	2011	Development of a robust QSAR model to predict the affinity of pyrrolidine analogs for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP- IV).	pyrrolidine	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-118
21299434-1	2011	QSAR analysis using multiple linear regression and partial least squares methods were conducted on a data set of 47 pyrrolidine analogs acting as DPP IV inhibitors.	pyrrolidine	116-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
20847730-4	2011	Cytosine methylation rates (%) of 102 CpG sites in the DPP4 CpG island were assessed by pyrosequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA.	sodium bisulfite	106-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
20847730-7	2011	The %Meth(94-102) correlated negatively with DPP4 mRNA abundance (r = -0.25, P &lt; 0.05) and positively with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.05), whereas DPP4 mRNA abundance correlated positively with plasma total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.25; P &lt; 0.05).	Methamphetamine	5-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-49
20847730-7	2011	The %Meth(94-102) correlated negatively with DPP4 mRNA abundance (r = -0.25, P &lt; 0.05) and positively with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.22, P &lt; 0.05), whereas DPP4 mRNA abundance correlated positively with plasma total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = 0.25; P &lt; 0.05).	Methamphetamine	5-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	208-212
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
21186796-1	2011	The discovery of two classes of heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, pyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones, is described.	pyrimidinediones	107-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
21304217-0	2011	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases systolic blood pressure in Japanese hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
21304217-1	2011	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
21304217-1	2011	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
21186796-0	2011	Design and synthesis of pyrimidinone and pyrimidinedione inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Pyrimidinones	24-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
21186796-1	2011	The discovery of two classes of heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, pyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones, is described.	pyrimidinediones	107-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
21186796-0	2011	Design and synthesis of pyrimidinone and pyrimidinedione inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	pyrimidinedione	41-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
21163664-0	2011	Design and synthesis of 3-pyridylacetamide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors targeting a bidentate interaction with Arg125.	2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide	24-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
21186796-1	2011	The discovery of two classes of heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, pyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones, is described.	Pyrimidinones	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
21186796-1	2011	The discovery of two classes of heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, pyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones, is described.	Pyrimidinones	89-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
21163664-0	2011	Design and synthesis of 3-pyridylacetamide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors targeting a bidentate interaction with Arg125.	2-(pyridin-3-yl)acetamide	24-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
21163664-1	2011	We have previously discovered nicotinic acid derivative 1 as a structurally novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Niacin	30-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
21163664-1	2011	We have previously discovered nicotinic acid derivative 1 as a structurally novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Niacin	30-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
21163664-2	2011	In this study, we obtained the X-ray co-crystal structure between nicotinic acid derivative 1 and DPP-4.	Niacin	66-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
21163664-3	2011	From these X-ray co-crystallography results, to achieve more potent inhibitory activity, we targeted Arg125 as a potential amino acid residue because it was located near the pyridine core, and some known DPP-4 inhibitors were reported to interact with this residue.	pyridine	174-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
21163664-6	2011	We discovered the dihydrochloride of 1-{[5-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-6-(2-methylpropyl)pyridin-3-yl]acetyl}-l-prolinamide (13j) to be a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that could interact with the guanidino group of Arg125 in a unique bidentate manner.	dihydrochloride	18-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
21163664-6	2011	We discovered the dihydrochloride of 1-{[5-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-6-(2-methylpropyl)pyridin-3-yl]acetyl}-l-prolinamide (13j) to be a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that could interact with the guanidino group of Arg125 in a unique bidentate manner.	13J	139-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
21163664-6	2011	We discovered the dihydrochloride of 1-{[5-(aminomethyl)-2-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-6-(2-methylpropyl)pyridin-3-yl]acetyl}-l-prolinamide (13j) to be a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that could interact with the guanidino group of Arg125 in a unique bidentate manner.	guanidino	218-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	173-178
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Dipeptides	93-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21714581-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor that has been recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-63
21819162-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus when adequate glycaemic control is not achieved with diet, exercise or sulphonylureas.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
21819162-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus when adequate glycaemic control is not achieved with diet, exercise or sulphonylureas.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
22879789-0	2011	Saxagliptin: A Selective DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
22879789-3	2011	Saxagliptin, a selective DPP-4 inhibitor, increases endogenous incretin levels and incretin acitivty.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Proline	125-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Alanine	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Dipeptides	93-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21510839-1	2011	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), a serine protease that specifically cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide with a preference for L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position, is involved in the degradation of incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).	Proline	125-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
21792325-7	2011	Furthermore, DPP-4 inhibitors prevent the risk of hypoglycemia posed by sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	72-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
21114605-1	2011	AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin administered as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control.	Linagliptin	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
21114605-1	2011	AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin administered as add-on therapy to metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control.	Linagliptin	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
21921362-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21701075-12	2011	The robust glucose-lowering effect of DPP4 inhibitor add-on in diabetic patients with sulfonylurea secondary failure is intriguing.	Glucose	11-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
21701075-13	2011	With the clinical availability of DPP4 inhibitor and GLP-1 mimetics, the importance of the interactions between cAMP signaling and K(ATP) channel-independent actions of glucose is reappraised.	Cyclic AMP	112-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
21701075-13	2011	With the clinical availability of DPP4 inhibitor and GLP-1 mimetics, the importance of the interactions between cAMP signaling and K(ATP) channel-independent actions of glucose is reappraised.	Glucose	169-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
21921362-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21921362-1	2011	The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
21921362-1	2011	The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	221-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
21966329-9	2011	These DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and many others which are still in the experimental phase.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
21106276-0	2011	The highly potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors bearing a thienopyrimidine scaffold effectively treat type 2 diabetes.	thienopyrimidine	77-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-55
21106276-2	2011	All of the compounds constructed on a thienopyrimidine scaffold demonstrated good inhibition and selectivity for DPP-IV.	thienopyrimidine	38-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
21716694-1	2011	Recent preclinical studies in rodent models of diabetes suggest that exogenous GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors have the ability to increase islet mass and preserve beta-cell function, by immediate reactivation of beta-cell glucose competence, as well as enhanced beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis and promotion of beta-cell survival.	Glucose	228-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
20152998-3	2011	Metformin has been reported to inhibit DPP-4.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
20152998-10	2011	Mean AUC for plasma DPP-4 activity was lower after Metformin + GLP-1 (1505 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P &lt; .001) and Metformin (1508 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P &lt; .002) compared with GLP-1 (1587 +- 3 mumol/[mL min]).	Metformin	51-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
20152998-10	2011	Mean AUC for plasma DPP-4 activity was lower after Metformin + GLP-1 (1505 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P &lt; .001) and Metformin (1508 +- 2 mumol/[mL min], P &lt; .002) compared with GLP-1 (1587 +- 3 mumol/[mL min]).	Metformin	113-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
20152998-12	2011	In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metformin inhibits DPP-4 activity and thus increases active GLP-1 concentrations after subcutaneous injection.	Metformin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
21084763-0	2011	Assessment of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the novel DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin and a sulfonylurea, glyburide, in healthy subjects.	Linagliptin	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
21084763-1	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin on the pharmacokinetics of glyburide (a CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate) and vice versa.	Linagliptin	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
21084763-1	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin on the pharmacokinetics of glyburide (a CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 substrate) and vice versa.	Glyburide	131-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
21966329-9	2011	These DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and many others which are still in the experimental phase.	saxagliptin	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
21966329-9	2011	These DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and many others which are still in the experimental phase.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
21293084-7	2011	Sitagliptin and saxagliptin, both approved for use in the United States, modulate incretin physiology by inhibiting degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-173
21293084-7	2011	Sitagliptin and saxagliptin, both approved for use in the United States, modulate incretin physiology by inhibiting degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
21293084-7	2011	Sitagliptin and saxagliptin, both approved for use in the United States, modulate incretin physiology by inhibiting degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	saxagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-173
21293084-7	2011	Sitagliptin and saxagliptin, both approved for use in the United States, modulate incretin physiology by inhibiting degradation of GLP-1 by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	saxagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
20552307-3	2010	DPP4 is the best studied member of the family, due to its role in physiological glucose tolerance, exerted through the regulation of the insulinotropic peptide glucagon-like peptide-1.	Glucose	80-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
20843518-0	2010	DPP-4 (CD26) inhibitor alogliptin inhibits TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP-1 expression by U937 histiocytes.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20843518-0	2010	DPP-4 (CD26) inhibitor alogliptin inhibits TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP-1 expression by U937 histiocytes.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-11
20843518-3	2010	In this study, we used alogliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPP 4/CD26, to study the effect of DPP-4/CD26 on the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that plays a critical role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in U937 histiocytes.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
21159194-1	2010	Saxagliptin is a potent, selective DPP4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
20938933-3	2010	Many DPP4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been developed and marketed, but superior therapeutic agents are still required.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
20938933-3	2010	Many DPP4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been developed and marketed, but superior therapeutic agents are still required.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
20938933-8	2010	Further, we employed our probe for high-throughput DPP4 inhibitor screening with 3841 randomly selected compounds and found that epibestatin, an epimer of bestatin (a well-known anticancer drug and general aminopeptidase inhibitor), showed dose-dependent DPP4 inhibitory activity.	epibestatin	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
20938933-8	2010	Further, we employed our probe for high-throughput DPP4 inhibitor screening with 3841 randomly selected compounds and found that epibestatin, an epimer of bestatin (a well-known anticancer drug and general aminopeptidase inhibitor), showed dose-dependent DPP4 inhibitory activity.	epibestatin	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	255-259
20938933-8	2010	Further, we employed our probe for high-throughput DPP4 inhibitor screening with 3841 randomly selected compounds and found that epibestatin, an epimer of bestatin (a well-known anticancer drug and general aminopeptidase inhibitor), showed dose-dependent DPP4 inhibitory activity.	ubenimex	132-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
20938933-8	2010	Further, we employed our probe for high-throughput DPP4 inhibitor screening with 3841 randomly selected compounds and found that epibestatin, an epimer of bestatin (a well-known anticancer drug and general aminopeptidase inhibitor), showed dose-dependent DPP4 inhibitory activity.	ubenimex	132-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	255-259
20872224-10	2010	Inhibition of FAP-alpha/DPPIV activity using the irreversible inhibitor H(2)N-Gly-Pro diphenylphosphonate reduced the increased invasiveness of keloid fibroblasts (p &lt; 0.001) indicating that keloid invasion may be partly FAP-alpha/DPPIV mediated.	glycyl-prolyl-diphenylphosphonic acid	72-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
20872224-10	2010	Inhibition of FAP-alpha/DPPIV activity using the irreversible inhibitor H(2)N-Gly-Pro diphenylphosphonate reduced the increased invasiveness of keloid fibroblasts (p &lt; 0.001) indicating that keloid invasion may be partly FAP-alpha/DPPIV mediated.	glycyl-prolyl-diphenylphosphonic acid	72-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	234-239
20843518-3	2010	In this study, we used alogliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPP 4/CD26, to study the effect of DPP-4/CD26 on the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) that plays a critical role in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in U937 histiocytes.	alogliptin	23-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
20843518-8	2010	Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the inhibition of DPP-4/CD26 by alogliptin suppressed TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP expression by U937 cells, suggesting that DPP-4/CD26 may play an important role in macrophage-mediated inflammation response and tissue remodeling.	alogliptin	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
20843518-8	2010	Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the inhibition of DPP-4/CD26 by alogliptin suppressed TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP expression by U937 cells, suggesting that DPP-4/CD26 may play an important role in macrophage-mediated inflammation response and tissue remodeling.	alogliptin	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
20843518-8	2010	Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the inhibition of DPP-4/CD26 by alogliptin suppressed TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP expression by U937 cells, suggesting that DPP-4/CD26 may play an important role in macrophage-mediated inflammation response and tissue remodeling.	alogliptin	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-210
20843518-8	2010	Taken together, this study showed for the first time that the inhibition of DPP-4/CD26 by alogliptin suppressed TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP expression by U937 cells, suggesting that DPP-4/CD26 may play an important role in macrophage-mediated inflammation response and tissue remodeling.	alogliptin	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
21053992-0	2010	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single rising intravenous doses (0.5 mg-10 mg) and determination of absolute bioavailability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (BI 1356) in healthy male subjects.	Linagliptin	174-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
21053992-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a highly specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, which is currently in phase III clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-111
21053992-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a highly specific inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4, which is currently in phase III clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	40-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-111
21053992-2	2010	Linagliptin exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics after oral administration, which are mainly related to concentration-dependent binding of linagliptin to its target, DPP-4.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
21053992-2	2010	Linagliptin exhibits nonlinear pharmacokinetics after oral administration, which are mainly related to concentration-dependent binding of linagliptin to its target, DPP-4.	Linagliptin	138-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
21053992-16	2010	Therefore, a population pharmacokinetic model was developed, accounting for the concentration-dependent protein binding of linagliptin to its target enzyme, DPP-4.	Linagliptin	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
20051299-2	2010	Thereupon, we initiated a phase III, multi-centre, randomised, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study (n=100) analyzing the effect of combined application of G-CSF and Sitagliptin, which is a clinically admitted, anti-diabetic DPP-IV-inhibitor, after acute myocardial infarction ("SITAGRAMI-Trial"; EudraCT Number: 2007-003941-34).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	174-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	233-239
23675206-1	2010	Functioning as an extracellular protease, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) preferentially cleaves the peptide bond after the penultimate proline residue.	Proline	137-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-65
23675206-1	2010	Functioning as an extracellular protease, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) preferentially cleaves the peptide bond after the penultimate proline residue.	Proline	137-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
20841351-0	2010	Core2 O-glycan structure is essential for the cell surface expression of sucrase isomaltase and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV during intestinal cell differentiation.	o-glycan	6-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
20841351-10	2010	These findings indicate that core3 O-glycan structure regulates cell surface expression of SI and DPP-IV and that core2 O-glycan is presumably an essential mucin-type O-glycan structure found in both molecules in vivo.	o-glycan	35-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
20841351-12	2010	These studies are the first to clearly identify functional mucin-type O-glycan structures modulating cell surface expression of SI and DPP-IV during the intestinal cell differentiation.	o-glycan	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-141
20977584-1	2010	AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal dose, efficacy and safety of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitor, LC15-0444, in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated by diet and exercise.	LC15-0444	141-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-120
20977584-1	2010	AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal dose, efficacy and safety of a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV) inhibitor, LC15-0444, in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated by diet and exercise.	LC15-0444	141-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
21059094-0	2010	Linagliptin (BI 1356), a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor, is safe and efficacious in combination with metformin in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
21059094-0	2010	Linagliptin (BI 1356), a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor, is safe and efficacious in combination with metformin in patients with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
21106865-7	2010	The GLP-1 receptor agonists are more effective in lowering blood glucose and result in substantial weight loss, whereas therapy with DPP-4 inhibitors lowers blood glucose levels to a lesser degree, and they are weight neutral.	Blood Glucose	157-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
30780831-1	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza , Bristol-Myers Squibb, NJ, USA and AstraZeneca, DE, USA) is a potent, orally active, once-daily dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise alone, or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione or a sulfonylurea to improve glycemic control in adults with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
20964454-1	2010	Vildagliptin (Galvus , Jalra , Xiliarx ) is an orally administered dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
20964454-1	2010	Vildagliptin (Galvus , Jalra , Xiliarx ) is an orally administered dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
20708812-2	2010	Since the launch of sitagliptin in 2006, a compelling body of evidence has accumulated showing that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which augment endogenous GLP-1 and GIP levels, represent an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
20708812-2	2010	Since the launch of sitagliptin in 2006, a compelling body of evidence has accumulated showing that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which augment endogenous GLP-1 and GIP levels, represent an important advance in the management of T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
20708812-3	2010	Currently, three DPP-4 inhibitors - sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin - have been approved in various countries worldwide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
20708812-3	2010	Currently, three DPP-4 inhibitors - sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin - have been approved in various countries worldwide.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
20708812-3	2010	Currently, three DPP-4 inhibitors - sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin - have been approved in various countries worldwide.	saxagliptin	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
20708812-4	2010	Several other DPP-4 inhibitors, including linagliptin and alogliptin, are currently in clinical development.	Linagliptin	42-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
20879969-8	2010	Alogliptin is a potent, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor now undergoing clinical testing to support a new drug application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
20800322-0	2010	Synthesis, biological assay in vitro and molecular docking studies of new imidazopyrazinone derivatives as potential dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	imidazopyrazinone	74-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-140
20800322-1	2010	A series of novel imidazopyrazinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated with regard to their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) in vitro.	imidazopyrazinone	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
20800322-1	2010	A series of novel imidazopyrazinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated with regard to their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) in vitro.	imidazopyrazinone	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-150
30780831-2	2010	By inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4, saxagliptin increases concentrations of the intact forms of the incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, prolonging their effects.	saxagliptin	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21079371-0	2010	[Preclinical and clinical findings of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin].	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
21361038-0	2010	[Design, synthesis and in vitro activity of glycinamide-bearing compounds as DPP-IV inhibitors].	glycine amide	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
21361038-1	2010	To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed.	glycine amide	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
21361038-1	2010	To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed.	glycine amide	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
21361038-1	2010	To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed.	Amides	63-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
21361038-1	2010	To research the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of glycinamide-bearing compounds that used as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), P32/98 and compound A were chosen as the leading compounds, heterocycles containing nitrogen atom were introduced to form amide, and different residues on a-position of carbonyl were designed.	Amides	63-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
20883052-7	2010	Glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting glucose, insulin parameters and beta-cell function are all improved with pioglitazone treatment, with efficacy similar to third-generation sulfonylureas, metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Pioglitazone	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-224
20638440-1	2010	The scientific understanding of preproglucagon derived peptides has provided people with type 2 diabetes with two novel classes of glucose lowering agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-183
20638440-1	2010	The scientific understanding of preproglucagon derived peptides has provided people with type 2 diabetes with two novel classes of glucose lowering agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-191
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate, Metformin Hydrochloride Drug Combination	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Glucagon	230-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Glucose	254-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Metformin	288-297	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Biguanides	301-310	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21189532-4	2010	Janumet is a fixed-dose combination of sitagliptin, a specific inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 that blocks the rapid degradation of so-called incretin hormones (resulting in a potentiation of insulin secretion and reduction of glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner), and of metformin, a biguanide compound that reduces glucose hepatic production and slightly improves insulin sensitivity.	Glucose	333-340	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-97
21042540-3	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, DE, USA) is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, recently approved for the treatment of T2DM.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
20883057-1	2010	Alogliptin (Nesina ) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is approved in Japan for the treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone or by diet plus treatment with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
20883057-1	2010	Alogliptin (Nesina ) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is approved in Japan for the treatment of adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus that is inadequately controlled by diet and exercise alone or by diet plus treatment with an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor.	alogliptin	12-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
20942971-8	2010	Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of DPPIV protein was up-regulated in Tat/DPPIV-co-expressing cells after 72 h culturing and also in DPPIV-expressing Sf9 cells after application of purified recombinant Tat protein.	Tyrosine	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
20942971-8	2010	Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of DPPIV protein was up-regulated in Tat/DPPIV-co-expressing cells after 72 h culturing and also in DPPIV-expressing Sf9 cells after application of purified recombinant Tat protein.	Tyrosine	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
20942971-8	2010	Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of DPPIV protein was up-regulated in Tat/DPPIV-co-expressing cells after 72 h culturing and also in DPPIV-expressing Sf9 cells after application of purified recombinant Tat protein.	Tyrosine	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
20942971-9	2010	As opposed to the expression of Tat alone, serine phosphorylation of the Tat protein was decreased when co-expressed with human-DPPIV protein.	Serine	43-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
24900243-0	2010	Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Evaluation of Novel Aminomethyl-pyridines as DPP-4 Inhibitors.	aminomethyl-pyridines	52-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Glucose	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Glucose	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
24900243-1	2010	A collection of novel aminomethyl-pyridines was designed, synthesized, and investigated as potential inhibitors of DPP-4.	aminomethyl-pyridines	22-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
24900243-4	2010	5-Aminomethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl-amide showed high potency and excellent DPP-4 selectivity [IC50: 10 (DPP-4) and 6600 nM (DPP-8)] and no toxicity in mammalian cell culture.	5-aminomethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl-amide	0-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
24900243-4	2010	5-Aminomethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl-amide showed high potency and excellent DPP-4 selectivity [IC50: 10 (DPP-4) and 6600 nM (DPP-8)] and no toxicity in mammalian cell culture.	5-aminomethyl-4-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-6-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid cyanomethyl-amide	0-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
21335294-6	2010	These publications described studies of DPP-4 inhibitors administered as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glimepiride, glibenclamide, or insulin.	Metformin	108-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
21335294-6	2010	These publications described studies of DPP-4 inhibitors administered as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glimepiride, glibenclamide, or insulin.	2,4-thiazolidinedione	121-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
21335294-6	2010	These publications described studies of DPP-4 inhibitors administered as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glimepiride, glibenclamide, or insulin.	glimepiride	140-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
21335294-6	2010	These publications described studies of DPP-4 inhibitors administered as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, a thiazolidinedione, glimepiride, glibenclamide, or insulin.	Glyburide	153-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
21335294-7	2010	Quantitative data indicated that, in these elderly patients (generally defined as &gt;=65 years of age) with type 2 DM, DPP-4 inhibitors were associated with significant HbA(1c) reductions that ranged from ~0.7% (baseline HbA(1c) = 7.8%; P &lt; 0.001) to 1.2% (baseline HbA(1c) = 8.3%; P &lt; 0.05).	Arsenic	79-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
20811029-0	2010	Saxagliptin: a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
20824678-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs (metformin, sulphonylurea, or thiazolidinedione).	Metformin	189-198	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
20824678-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus when used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic drugs (metformin, sulphonylurea, or thiazolidinedione).	2,4-thiazolidinedione	218-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
20679179-5	2010	Sitagliptin decreased serum dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity (13.08+-1.45 versus 30.28+-1.76 nmol/mL/min during placebo; P&lt;=0.001) and fasting blood glucose.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
21206627-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a newer oral hypoglycemic drug of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor class.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
20707611-3	2010	DPP IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) offer new options for combined pharmacological therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20707611-3	2010	DPP IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) offer new options for combined pharmacological therapy.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20707611-3	2010	DPP IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) offer new options for combined pharmacological therapy.	saxagliptin	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20707611-4	2010	AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: An extensive literature search was performed to analyze the potential pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) interactions between metformin (first-line drug for the management of type 2 diabetes) and sitagliptin (first commercialized DPP IV inhibitor).	Metformin	167-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	271-277
20875371-0	2010	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
20875371-0	2010	Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin and pioglitazone in healthy volunteers.	Pioglitazone	107-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
20875371-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Co-administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (BI 1356) with pioglitazone may improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes due to their complementary mechanisms of action.	Linagliptin	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
20875371-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Co-administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (BI 1356) with pioglitazone may improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes due to their complementary mechanisms of action.	Linagliptin	82-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
21437102-1	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ) is a potent, selective, once-daily dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
21437102-1	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza ) is a potent, selective, once-daily dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor indicated for improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
21437102-2	2010	By blocking DPP-4, saxagliptin increases and prolongs the effects of incretins, a group of peptide hormones released by intestinal cells after meals, which stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion to lower blood glucose.	saxagliptin	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
21437102-7	2010	Professional organizations have updated their guidelines for T2D to include a DPP-4 inhibitor as an early treatment option-either as initial therapy in combination with metformin, or as add-on therapy for patients whose glycemia is inadequately controlled by a single oral antidiabetic drug.	Metformin	169-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
20811029-2	2010	SUMMARY: Saxagliptin is a selective, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.	saxagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
20811029-2	2010	SUMMARY: Saxagliptin is a selective, reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults.	saxagliptin	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
20811029-3	2010	By inhibiting DPP-4, saxagliptin reduces the degradation of endogenous incretin hormones, resulting in increased glucose-dependent insulin release and decreased glucagon secretion from the pancreas.	saxagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
20811029-3	2010	By inhibiting DPP-4, saxagliptin reduces the degradation of endogenous incretin hormones, resulting in increased glucose-dependent insulin release and decreased glucagon secretion from the pancreas.	Glucose	113-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
20811029-10	2010	CONCLUSION: Saxagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, demonstrated safety and efficacy in lowering HbA(1c), FPG, and PPG levels as both monotherapy and in combination with other oral antidiabetic medications.	saxagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
20859539-5	2010	Alogliptin is a new DPP-4 inhibitor that reduces glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), is weight neutral, has an excellent safety profile, and can be used in combination with oral agents and insulin.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Glucose	56-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Metformin	167-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Metformin	167-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Thiazolidinediones	178-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Thiazolidinediones	178-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	205-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
20690781-4	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are novel oral glucose-lowering agents, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds, metformin, thiazolidinediones or even sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	205-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
20690781-15	2010	It is worth noting, however, that a reduction in the dose of sulfonylureas is usually recommended when a DPP-4 inhibitor is added, because of a pharmacodynamic interaction (rather than a pharmacokinetic interaction) between the sulfonylurea and the DPP-4 inhibitor, which may result in a higher risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	61-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
20537746-1	2010	AIM: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin, a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as add-on to glimepiride in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were inadequately controlled.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
20690781-15	2010	It is worth noting, however, that a reduction in the dose of sulfonylureas is usually recommended when a DPP-4 inhibitor is added, because of a pharmacodynamic interaction (rather than a pharmacokinetic interaction) between the sulfonylurea and the DPP-4 inhibitor, which may result in a higher risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	61-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	249-254
20690781-15	2010	It is worth noting, however, that a reduction in the dose of sulfonylureas is usually recommended when a DPP-4 inhibitor is added, because of a pharmacodynamic interaction (rather than a pharmacokinetic interaction) between the sulfonylurea and the DPP-4 inhibitor, which may result in a higher risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
20690781-15	2010	It is worth noting, however, that a reduction in the dose of sulfonylureas is usually recommended when a DPP-4 inhibitor is added, because of a pharmacodynamic interaction (rather than a pharmacokinetic interaction) between the sulfonylurea and the DPP-4 inhibitor, which may result in a higher risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	249-254
20876838-10	2010	Based on the glucose-dependent action of incretins, DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate a low propensity for hypoglycemia, are generally weight neutral, and have a low risk of interactions with other drugs, which makes them appropriate candidates for combination therapy, particularly with other oral antidiabetic drugs including metformin, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
20860912-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-147
20860912-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
20860912-5	2010	DPP-4 activity was completely inhibited for varying durations by all doses of vildagliptin; the duration of complete DPP-4 inhibition was dose-dependent.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20860912-6	2010	DPP-4 inhibition after vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily remained &gt; 80% throughout the 24-h period.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20876838-10	2010	Based on the glucose-dependent action of incretins, DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate a low propensity for hypoglycemia, are generally weight neutral, and have a low risk of interactions with other drugs, which makes them appropriate candidates for combination therapy, particularly with other oral antidiabetic drugs including metformin, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas.	Metformin	323-332	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
20876838-10	2010	Based on the glucose-dependent action of incretins, DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate a low propensity for hypoglycemia, are generally weight neutral, and have a low risk of interactions with other drugs, which makes them appropriate candidates for combination therapy, particularly with other oral antidiabetic drugs including metformin, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas.	Thiazolidinediones	334-352	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
20876838-10	2010	Based on the glucose-dependent action of incretins, DPP-4 inhibitors demonstrate a low propensity for hypoglycemia, are generally weight neutral, and have a low risk of interactions with other drugs, which makes them appropriate candidates for combination therapy, particularly with other oral antidiabetic drugs including metformin, thiazolidinediones, and sulfonylureas.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	358-371	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
20824239-3	2010	In addition to improving insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, the GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors improve the impaired incretin response, as well as increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, both in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucagon	211-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
20824239-3	2010	In addition to improving insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, the GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors improve the impaired incretin response, as well as increase insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion, both in a glucose-dependent manner.	Glucose	241-248	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
20824239-4	2010	As a result of these multiple actions, the GLP-1 agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors lower both fasting and postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	115-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
21086586-0	2010	[Saxagliptin (Onglyza): new inhibitor of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes].	saxagliptin	1-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-66
20572019-8	2010	However, these TM proline mutations result in a significant reduction of DPP-IV enzymatic activity, comparable to what is found with mutations near the active site.	Proline	18-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	26-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
21086586-1	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza) is a specific and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which inhibits the activity of the enzyme for at least 24 hours after one single oral administration.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-85
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
21086586-1	2010	Saxagliptin (Onglyza) is a specific and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4), which inhibits the activity of the enzyme for at least 24 hours after one single oral administration.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	saxagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	saxagliptin	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Glucose	217-224	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
20805868-1	2010	BACKGROUND: In a cross-sectional study we studied the fasting serum DPP-4 enzymatic activity (sDPP-4) and the insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR) in gliptin naive patients with type 2 diabetes and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in healthy controls (CNTRL).	sdpp-4	94-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
20590741-3	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are new oral glucose-lowering agents, so-called incretin enhancers, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-21
20684603-0	2010	Discovery of 6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides as potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors.	6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides	13-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-143
20684603-0	2010	Discovery of 6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides as potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors.	6-(aminomethyl)-5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides	13-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
20684603-1	2010	Continued structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration within our previously disclosed azolopyrimidine containing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors led us to focus on an imidazolopyrimidine series in particular.	azolopyrimidine	92-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-141
20684603-1	2010	Continued structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration within our previously disclosed azolopyrimidine containing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors led us to focus on an imidazolopyrimidine series in particular.	azolopyrimidine	92-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
20684603-1	2010	Continued structure-activity relationship (SAR) exploration within our previously disclosed azolopyrimidine containing dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors led us to focus on an imidazolopyrimidine series in particular.	imidazolopyrimidine	182-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
20684603-2	2010	Further study revealed that by replacing the aryl substitution on the imidazole ring with a more polar carboxylic ester or amide, these compounds displayed not only increased DPP4 binding activity but also significantly reduced human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) and sodium channel inhibitory activities.	imidazole	70-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
20684603-2	2010	Further study revealed that by replacing the aryl substitution on the imidazole ring with a more polar carboxylic ester or amide, these compounds displayed not only increased DPP4 binding activity but also significantly reduced human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) and sodium channel inhibitory activities.	carboxylic ester	103-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
20684603-2	2010	Further study revealed that by replacing the aryl substitution on the imidazole ring with a more polar carboxylic ester or amide, these compounds displayed not only increased DPP4 binding activity but also significantly reduced human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) and sodium channel inhibitory activities.	Amides	123-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
20583949-0	2010	Evaluation of the potential for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between dutogliptin, a novel DPP4 inhibitor, and metformin, in type 2 diabetic patients.	dutogliptin	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
20583949-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Dutogliptin is a novel, orally available, potent, and selective DPP4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients.	dutogliptin	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
20927248-0	2010	Nature of action of Sitagliptin, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor in diabetic animals.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-60
20927248-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin with respect to mode of inhibition and its in vivo duration of inhibition and efficacy in type 2 diabetes animal model.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
20927248-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor sitagliptin with respect to mode of inhibition and its in vivo duration of inhibition and efficacy in type 2 diabetes animal model.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
20927248-2	2010	MATERIALS AND METHODS: DPP-IV enzyme assay was carried out in human plasma (10 muL) or human recombinant enzyme (10 ng) using H-Gly-Pro-AMC as a substrate.	[2-[(2S)-2-[(4-methyl-2-oxochromen-7-yl)carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-2-oxoethyl]azanium	126-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-29
20927248-6	2010	The reversibility of the inhibitor was assessed by a dissociation study of the DPP-IV-sitagliptin complex.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
20927248-8	2010	RESULTS: Sitagliptin is a competitive, reversible, fast and tight binding DPP-IV inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
20927248-11	2010	CONCLUSION: The DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin behaves as a competitive, tight, and fast binding inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-22
20730070-6	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are generally weight-neutral, although modest weight loss has been observed with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with relatively low baseline glycemia.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
20730070-6	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are generally weight-neutral, although modest weight loss has been observed with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with relatively low baseline glycemia.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
20598534-0	2010	Synthesis and SAR of azolopyrimidines as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes.	azolopyrimidines	21-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
20598534-0	2010	Synthesis and SAR of azolopyrimidines as potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors for type 2 diabetes.	azolopyrimidines	21-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
20598534-1	2010	Several pyrazolo-, triazolo-, and imidazolopyrimidines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DPP4.	pyrazolo-, triazolo-, and imidazolopyrimidines	8-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-107
20629618-3	2010	A potential novel combination in development brings together the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone into a fixed-dose single-tablet combination.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	106-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
20629618-3	2010	A potential novel combination in development brings together the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin with the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone into a fixed-dose single-tablet combination.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	106-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
20590741-3	2010	Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are new oral glucose-lowering agents, so-called incretin enhancers, which may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic compounds.	Glucose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
20590741-5	2010	Other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin, are currently in late phase of development.	alogliptin	32-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
20590741-5	2010	Other DPP-4 inhibitors, such as alogliptin and linagliptin, are currently in late phase of development.	Linagliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
20590741-12	2010	Several metabolites have been documented but most of them are inactive; however, the main metabolite of saxagliptin also exerts a significant DPP-4 inhibition and is half as potent as the parent compound.	saxagliptin	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
20590741-18	2010	In conclusion, besides their pharmacodynamic properties leading to effective glucose-lowering effect without inducing hypoglycaemia or weight gain, DPP-4 inhibitors show favourable PK properties, which contribute to a good efficacy/safety ratio for the management of T2DM in clinical practice.	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
20539105-0	2010	Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
21537433-0	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for steroid-induced diabetes.	Steroids	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
21537433-1	2010	The addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor has been reported to achieve greater improvements in glucose metabolism with fewer adverse events compared to increasing the metformin dose in type 2 diabetic patients.	Metformin	186-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
21537433-1	2010	The addition of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor has been reported to achieve greater improvements in glucose metabolism with fewer adverse events compared to increasing the metformin dose in type 2 diabetic patients.	Metformin	186-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Steroids	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Steroids	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Steroids	221-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
21537433-2	2010	We present a patient with steroid-induced diabetes whose blood glucose levels were ameliorated by the use of the DPP-4 inhibitor, showing that the DPP-4 inhibitors may be an effective and safe oral anti-diabetic drug for steroid-induced diabetes.	Steroids	221-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
20160157-1	2010	The pharmacokinetics of the novel dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is nonlinear.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
20160157-1	2010	The pharmacokinetics of the novel dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is nonlinear.	Linagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
20160157-7	2010	The plasma DPP-4 activity was included in the model in a semi-mechanistic way by relating it to the model-calculated plasma DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin.	Linagliptin	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
20160157-7	2010	The plasma DPP-4 activity was included in the model in a semi-mechanistic way by relating it to the model-calculated plasma DPP-4 occupancy with linagliptin.	Linagliptin	145-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
20495958-6	2010	The altered glycolipid composition in Fabry fibroblasts is associated with an intracellular accumulation and impaired trafficking of the Triton-X-100 DRM-associated membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in transfected Fabry cells, whereas no effect could be observed on the targeting of aminopeptidase N (ApN) that is not associated with this type of DRM.	Glycolipids	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-210
20495958-6	2010	The altered glycolipid composition in Fabry fibroblasts is associated with an intracellular accumulation and impaired trafficking of the Triton-X-100 DRM-associated membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in transfected Fabry cells, whereas no effect could be observed on the targeting of aminopeptidase N (ApN) that is not associated with this type of DRM.	Glycolipids	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
20495958-6	2010	The altered glycolipid composition in Fabry fibroblasts is associated with an intracellular accumulation and impaired trafficking of the Triton-X-100 DRM-associated membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in transfected Fabry cells, whereas no effect could be observed on the targeting of aminopeptidase N (ApN) that is not associated with this type of DRM.	Octoxynol	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-210
20495958-6	2010	The altered glycolipid composition in Fabry fibroblasts is associated with an intracellular accumulation and impaired trafficking of the Triton-X-100 DRM-associated membrane glycoprotein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in transfected Fabry cells, whereas no effect could be observed on the targeting of aminopeptidase N (ApN) that is not associated with this type of DRM.	Octoxynol	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
20703380-0	2010	Synthesis of a novel analogue of DPP-4 inhibitor Alogliptin: Introduction of a spirocyclic moiety on the piperidine ring.	alogliptin	49-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
20703380-0	2010	Synthesis of a novel analogue of DPP-4 inhibitor Alogliptin: Introduction of a spirocyclic moiety on the piperidine ring.	piperidine	105-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
20642545-0	2010	Hormonal and metabolic effects of morning or evening dosing of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
20642545-1	2010	WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and was developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
20642545-6	2010	AIM: This randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared post-prandial hormonal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin, (an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4]) administered morning or evening in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-187
20642545-6	2010	AIM: This randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared post-prandial hormonal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin, (an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4]) administered morning or evening in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-194
20642545-9	2010	RESULTS: Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 activity (&gt;80% for 15.5 h post-dose), and increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 compared with placebo.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20539105-6	2010	Saxagliptin is another dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (after sitagliptin) that is approved for the management of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
20539105-6	2010	Saxagliptin is another dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (after sitagliptin) that is approved for the management of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
20402634-2	2010	Saxagliptin is a nitrile-containing selective, potent, reversible and durable DPP IV inhibitor developed as an alternative second-line adds on to Metformin in place of a sulphonylurea.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
20357375-0	2010	The oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 2 diabetes: possible role of stromal-derived factor-1alpha.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	42-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
20357375-2	2010	Because SDF-1alpha is a substrate of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4), we investigated whether the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin modulates EPC levels in type 2 diabetic patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
20644202-5	2010	Agents that act as incretin mimetics, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin phosphate and saxagliptin, improve glycated hemoglobin levels either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	103-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
20644202-5	2010	Agents that act as incretin mimetics, such as exenatide and liraglutide, and DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin phosphate and saxagliptin, improve glycated hemoglobin levels either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents.	saxagliptin	129-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
20069322-0	2010	Molecular docking and 3D-QSAR studies on beta-phenylalanine derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	beta-phenylalanine	41-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-98
20402634-6	2010	The X-ray crystallography revealed that Saxagliptin is covalently bound to the DPP IV active site.	saxagliptin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
20441397-3	2010	The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the challenges in managing T2DM in the elderly, with an emphasis on prevention of hypoglycaemia and the role of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in this patient population.	Vildagliptin	190-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-179
20441397-8	2010	Data on the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin indicate that reductions in A1C in elderly patients are at least as good as those observed in younger patients and are achieved with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.	Vildagliptin	28-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
20590736-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) and voglibose (an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control (HbA1c &gt; or =6.5% and &lt;10.0%) on diet and exercise.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
20402634-2	2010	Saxagliptin is a nitrile-containing selective, potent, reversible and durable DPP IV inhibitor developed as an alternative second-line adds on to Metformin in place of a sulphonylurea.	Nitriles	17-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
20402634-2	2010	Saxagliptin is a nitrile-containing selective, potent, reversible and durable DPP IV inhibitor developed as an alternative second-line adds on to Metformin in place of a sulphonylurea.	Metformin	146-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
20402634-3	2010	Saxagliptin increases and prolongs the action of incretin hormones by inhibiting the DPP IV enzyme that inactivates incretins usually within minutes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
20402634-4	2010	Saxagliptin is well absorbed and has low plasma protein binding and displays slow-binding properties to DPP IV.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
20540760-5	2010	Structural comparisons with prolylendopeptidase and DPP4 identify the S1 proline binding site of PRCP.	Proline	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
20519186-0	2010	[A new therapeutic possibility for type 2 diabetes: DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin)].	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
20519186-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as sitagliptin demonstrate an incretin based, glucose-dependent actions with low risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
20519186-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as sitagliptin demonstrate an incretin based, glucose-dependent actions with low risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
20519186-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as sitagliptin demonstrate an incretin based, glucose-dependent actions with low risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
20519186-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors such as sitagliptin demonstrate an incretin based, glucose-dependent actions with low risk of hypoglycemia and no weight gain during the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	93-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
20488702-0	2010	Synthesis and biological evaluation of azobicyclo[3.3.0] octane derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	azobicyclo[3.3.0] octane derivatives	39-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
20488702-1	2010	A series of novel azobicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	azobicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives	18-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
20488702-1	2010	A series of novel azobicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	azobicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives	18-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
20488704-0	2010	Synthesis and biological evaluation of bicyclo[3.3.0] octane derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	bicyclo[3.3.0] octane derivatives	39-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
20488704-1	2010	A series of novel bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives have been synthesized and found to be dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives	18-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-111
20488704-1	2010	A series of novel bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives have been synthesized and found to be dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	bicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives	18-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
20497745-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate any potential effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (which is being developed to improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (a lipid-lowering, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor).	Linagliptin	112-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
20546289-2	2010	The aim of the present study was to investigate GLP-1 and DPP-IV levels during an OGTT in patients with different degrees of glucose tolerance.	Glucose	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
20412332-2	2010	The objective of this review was to describe the controlled preclinical and clinical trial data regarding the incidence of pancreatitis with sitagliptin, the first DPP-4 inhibitor approved for use in patients with T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	141-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
20460632-8	2010	The maximum effect model predicted that 1200 microg/m(2) of talabostat would maximally inhibit DPP-4.	talabostat	60-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
20460554-0	2010	Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
20460554-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of saxagliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
20460554-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of saxagliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
20460554-5	2010	DATA SYNTHESIS: Saxagliptin is a competitive inhibitor of DPP-4 that slows the degradation of incretin hormones, thereby stimulating insulin secretion, reducing postprandial glucagon, and decreasing glucose levels.	saxagliptin	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
20460554-5	2010	DATA SYNTHESIS: Saxagliptin is a competitive inhibitor of DPP-4 that slows the degradation of incretin hormones, thereby stimulating insulin secretion, reducing postprandial glucagon, and decreasing glucose levels.	Glucagon	174-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
20460554-5	2010	DATA SYNTHESIS: Saxagliptin is a competitive inhibitor of DPP-4 that slows the degradation of incretin hormones, thereby stimulating insulin secretion, reducing postprandial glucagon, and decreasing glucose levels.	Glucose	199-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
20637971-0	2010	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of single and multiple escalating doses in healthy adult male Japanese subjects.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
20637971-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
20637971-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin is in clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
20637971-20	2010	Linagliptin inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity in a dose-dependent manner.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
20637971-26	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In this short-term study in healthy adult male Japanese volunteers, multiple oral doses of linagliptin inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity and elevated active GLP-1 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, with no episodes of hypoglycemia.	Linagliptin	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
20497745-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate any potential effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin (which is being developed to improve glycemic control in patients with Type 2 diabetes) on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin (a lipid-lowering, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor).	Simvastatin	239-250	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
20526441-3	2010	Saxagliptin, a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor specifically designed for extended inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme, causes increased endogenous GLP-1 concentration.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
20518802-8	2010	Glucose control is often accompanied by weight-neutral or modest weight reduction effects with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) and weight loss with GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy (exenatide, liraglutide).	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
20518803-7	2010	New classes of glucose-lowering agents have expanded the treatment options available to clinicians and patients and include the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.	Glucose	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-150
20518803-7	2010	New classes of glucose-lowering agents have expanded the treatment options available to clinicians and patients and include the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists.	Glucose	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
20518804-1	2010	AIM: To assess the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
20478811-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism with the degradation of incretin hormones.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
20478811-1	2010	UNLABELLED: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has an important role in the carbohydrate metabolism with the degradation of incretin hormones.	Carbohydrates	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
20397181-6	2010	This activity assay consists of the simultaneous performance of POP and DPP-IV (19)F NMR activity assays in the presence of their fluorine-containing substrates.	Fluorine	130-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
20526441-3	2010	Saxagliptin, a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor specifically designed for extended inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme, causes increased endogenous GLP-1 concentration.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
20526441-3	2010	Saxagliptin, a potent, selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor specifically designed for extended inhibition of the DPP-4 enzyme, causes increased endogenous GLP-1 concentration.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-132
20303610-1	2010	Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) are a novel class of anti-diabetes drugs; inhibiting the breakdown of incretins, they increase their biological availability and decrease thus blood glucose levels.	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
20462426-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
20462426-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
20462426-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
20462426-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin.	Metformin	140-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
20462426-1	2010	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP IV, CD26) inhibitor indicated for treatment of Type II diabetes as a second line therapy after metformin.	Metformin	140-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
20415690-8	2010	RESULTS: DSP-7238 and sitagliptin both competitively inhibited recombinant human DPP IV (rhDPP IV) with K(i) values of 0.60 and 2.1 nM respectively.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-87
20415690-8	2010	RESULTS: DSP-7238 and sitagliptin both competitively inhibited recombinant human DPP IV (rhDPP IV) with K(i) values of 0.60 and 2.1 nM respectively.	rhdpp	89-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-87
21437082-1	2010	Saxagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with a duration profile for once daily dosing.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
21437082-1	2010	Saxagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with a duration profile for once daily dosing.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
21437082-7	2010	Clinical trials showed a dose-dependent inhibition of DPP-4 by saxagliptin in doses ranging from 2.5 to 100 mg daily without serious side effects.	saxagliptin	63-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
21437082-10	2010	With its high selectivity for DPP-4 and its clinical and cardiovascular profile, saxagliptin is an attractive novel DPP-4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
21437082-10	2010	With its high selectivity for DPP-4 and its clinical and cardiovascular profile, saxagliptin is an attractive novel DPP-4 inhibitor.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
20303610-1	2010	Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) are a novel class of anti-diabetes drugs; inhibiting the breakdown of incretins, they increase their biological availability and decrease thus blood glucose levels.	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
20412573-1	2010	BACKGROUND: In a previous pooled analysis of 12 double-blind clinical studies that included data on 6,139 patients with type 2 diabetes, treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was shown to be generally well tolerated compared with treatment with control agents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	152-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-189
20186471-2	2010	The DPP derivative was further N-alkylated (6, 8) as well as N-linked with amino acids (13) and their photophysical properties were studied along with N-aryl DPP 4 and observed that the chromophores at C(4) position in the aryl ring changed the absorption and emission lambda(max).	dpp	4-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
20463416-5	2010	By enhancing and prolonging incretin effects, DPP-4 inhibitors stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and also reduce glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	125-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
20463416-8	2010	In randomized clinical trials, the DPP-4 inhibitors saxagliptin and sitagliptin reduced HbA1c by 0.5% to 0.8%, compared with placebo, whether used as monotherapy or in combination with another agent.	saxagliptin	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
20463416-8	2010	In randomized clinical trials, the DPP-4 inhibitors saxagliptin and sitagliptin reduced HbA1c by 0.5% to 0.8%, compared with placebo, whether used as monotherapy or in combination with another agent.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
20388897-12	2010	Although use of thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and glinides were associated with weight gain (range, 1.77-2.08 kg), glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were associated with weight loss or no weight change.	Thiazolidinediones	16-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
20465123-6	2010	Their effectiveness on the glucose metabolism is around 0.5 to 1.1% and 0.8 to 1.5% in reduction in HbAlc for DPP-4 inhibitors and agonists of GLP-1 receptors, respectively.	Glucose	27-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
20336594-0	2010	Dutogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	dutogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
20388897-12	2010	Although use of thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and glinides were associated with weight gain (range, 1.77-2.08 kg), glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were associated with weight loss or no weight change.	glinides	55-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-209
20406072-3	2010	DPP IV removes the two amino-terminal amino acids (Ser and Pro) from BNP(1-32) to produce BNP(3-32), which has been detected in plasma of patients with heart failure.	Serine	51-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20406072-3	2010	DPP IV removes the two amino-terminal amino acids (Ser and Pro) from BNP(1-32) to produce BNP(3-32), which has been detected in plasma of patients with heart failure.	Proline	59-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20067974-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To determine if the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin more effectively inhibits glucagon levels than the sulfonylurea glimepiride during a meal.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
20086031-0	2010	The metabolism and disposition of the oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, linagliptin, in humans.	Linagliptin	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-65
20210571-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are new agents that lower blood glucose by prolonging the activity of circulating incretins.	Glucose	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
20210571-3	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are new agents that lower blood glucose by prolonging the activity of circulating incretins.	Glucose	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
20210571-4	2010	METHODS: We applied DPP-IV inhibitors in two HNF1A MODY patients whose earlier therapeutic regimen included SU.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	108-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
20210571-14	2010	As intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) were performed before and after DPP-IV implementation, we were able to assess their impact on insulin secretion under fasting conditions.	Glucose	15-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
20380648-8	2010	The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin effectively lower HbA1c; exenatide and liraglutide reduce weight and blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	130-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
20380648-8	2010	The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin effectively lower HbA1c; exenatide and liraglutide reduce weight and blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	130-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
20380648-8	2010	The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin effectively lower HbA1c; exenatide and liraglutide reduce weight and blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.	Vildagliptin	146-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
20380648-8	2010	The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin effectively lower HbA1c; exenatide and liraglutide reduce weight and blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.	Exenatide	184-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
20380653-0	2010	Twelve weeks treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents degradation of peptide YY and improves glucose and non-glucose induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20380653-0	2010	Twelve weeks treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents degradation of peptide YY and improves glucose and non-glucose induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	110-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20380653-0	2010	Twelve weeks treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, prevents degradation of peptide YY and improves glucose and non-glucose induced insulin secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20380653-1	2010	AIM: To examine the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, on gastrointestinal hormone responses to a standardized mixed meal and beta cell secretory capacity, measured as glucose and non-glucose induced insulin secretion during a hyperglycaemic clamp, in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
20380656-0	2010	Dutogliptin, a selective DPP4 inhibitor, improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.	dutogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
20380656-1	2010	AIM: To determine efficacy and tolerability of dutogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	dutogliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
20380656-1	2010	AIM: To determine efficacy and tolerability of dutogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	dutogliptin	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
20380656-12	2010	Trough ex vivo DPP4 inhibition at the end of the 12-week treatment period was 80 and 70%, at the 400 and 200 mg doses of dutogliptin, respectively.	dutogliptin	121-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
20336594-3	2010	In preclinical studies, dutogliptin potently inhibited DPP-4 and, in a model of T2DM, treatment with dutogliptin improved glucose homeostasis.	dutogliptin	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
20336594-1	2010	Dutogliptin (PHX-1149T), being developed by Phenomix Corp, Forest Laboratories Inc and Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	dutogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-154
20336594-1	2010	Dutogliptin (PHX-1149T), being developed by Phenomix Corp, Forest Laboratories Inc and Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, is a small-molecule dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor for the potential oral treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	dutogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-161
20336594-2	2010	DPP-4 quickly degrades the insulin secretory hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide-1; thus inhibiting the degradation of these hormones is a viable treatment option for patients with T2DM.	Glucose	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20205490-1	2010	Sitagliptin (Januvia, Glactiv(R), Tesavel(R)) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-73
21437074-0	2010	Use of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: focus on sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
21437074-3	2010	This review summarizes experiences with DPP-4 inhibition in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, with a focus on sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	110-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
19858205-9	2010	Thus, human nTreg characterized by the presence of CD39 and the low expression of CD26/ADA are responsible for the generation of adenosine, which plays a major role in Treg-mediated immunosuppression.	Adenosine	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
19238312-4	2010	ASP4000 was found to inhibit human recombinant DPP4 activity with a K(i) of 1.05 nM, a k(on) value of 22.3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), and a k (off) of 2.35 x 10(-3) M(-1) s(-1), with higher affinity than that of vildagliptin.	1-((6-hydroxy-2-azabicyclo(2.2.1)hept-3-yl)carbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
20141116-5	2010	Two conformations for CD26, the largest LR-CD for which X-ray data is available, are characterized by possessing, respectively, one and two helical turns.	lr-cd	40-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
20141116-6	2010	Resemblance to computed representative conformations of CD26 in water was found for CD27 and CD28, with the similarity being better expressed for the former case.	Water	64-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
20141116-7	2010	Only CD24, among the two smaller size LR-CDs, displays resemblance during short simulation intervals to one of the conformations of CD26.	Lawrencium	38-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
20141116-7	2010	Only CD24, among the two smaller size LR-CDs, displays resemblance during short simulation intervals to one of the conformations of CD26.	Cadmium	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
20141116-11	2010	Thus, the difference of three glucose units between CD26 and CD29 already influences significantly the shape of the most probable conformation.	Glucose	30-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19238312-4	2010	ASP4000 was found to inhibit human recombinant DPP4 activity with a K(i) of 1.05 nM, a k(on) value of 22.3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), and a k (off) of 2.35 x 10(-3) M(-1) s(-1), with higher affinity than that of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	206-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
20075143-0	2010	DPP-4 inhibition by sitagliptin improves the myocardial response to dobutamine stress and mitigates stunning in a pilot study of patients with coronary artery disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20206729-6	2010	Sitagliptin inhibits the DPP-4 enzyme, thus increasing the half-life of endogenous GLP-1.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
20075143-0	2010	DPP-4 inhibition by sitagliptin improves the myocardial response to dobutamine stress and mitigates stunning in a pilot study of patients with coronary artery disease.	Dobutamine	68-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20075143-2	2010	The active amide GLP-1 (7-36) is degraded by the enzyme DPP-4, and drugs that inhibit this enzyme (such as sitagliptin) have been introduced to treat type 2 diabetes.	Amides	11-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
20075143-2	2010	The active amide GLP-1 (7-36) is degraded by the enzyme DPP-4, and drugs that inhibit this enzyme (such as sitagliptin) have been introduced to treat type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
20075143-3	2010	We assessed the hypothesis that increasing the plasma concentration of GLP-1 by DPP-4 inhibition would protect the heart from ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction during dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease.	Dobutamine	176-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
20411816-1	2010	Sitagliptin (Januvia), the first selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, has been assessed in a large Belgian prospective observational study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-77
20306218-2	2010	The comparison between the structures of the promastoparans both before and after docking were examined along with the hydrogen bonding interaction pattern between the dipetidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and promastoparans to reveal how the endpoint of this stepwise cleavage is recognized among these promastoparans with highly resemble amino acid sequences.	Hydrogen	119-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-190
20306218-2	2010	The comparison between the structures of the promastoparans both before and after docking were examined along with the hydrogen bonding interaction pattern between the dipetidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and promastoparans to reveal how the endpoint of this stepwise cleavage is recognized among these promastoparans with highly resemble amino acid sequences.	Hydrogen	119-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	192-197
19261490-9	2010	Since MAGE is associated with an activation of oxidative stress, our data suggest that dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibition therapy should target not only reducing HbA(1c) but also flattening acute glucose fluctuations over a daily period.	Glucose	196-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
20031405-0	2010	Discovery of carmegliptin: a potent and long-acting dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	carmegliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
19128990-1	2010	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and inhibitors of its degrading enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), are interesting therapy options in human diabetics because they increase insulin secretion and reduce postprandial glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	230-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
19128990-1	2010	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues and inhibitors of its degrading enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), are interesting therapy options in human diabetics because they increase insulin secretion and reduce postprandial glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	230-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
20031405-1	2010	Design, synthesis, and SAR are described for a class of DPP-IV inhibitors based on aminobenzo[a]quinolizines with non-aromatic substituents in the S1 specificity pocket.	aminobenzo[a]quinolizines	83-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
20031408-1	2010	Synthesis and SAR are described for a structurally distinct class of DPP-IV inhibitors based on aminobenzo[a]quinolizines bearing (hetero-)aromatic substituents in the S1 specificity pocket.	aminobenzo[a]quinolizines	96-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-75
19917055-0	2010	The expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) is associated with enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells.	Paclitaxel	103-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
19917055-0	2010	The expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) is associated with enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells.	Paclitaxel	103-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
19917055-0	2010	The expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) is associated with enhanced chemosensitivity to paclitaxel in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells.	Paclitaxel	103-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
19917055-3	2010	In the current study, we investigated the role of DPPIV in paclitaxel resistance in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) cells.	Paclitaxel	59-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
19917055-4	2010	We first examined the correlation between expression levels of DPPIV and sensitivity to paclitaxel in various EOC cell lines.	Paclitaxel	88-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
19917055-6	2010	We identified a positive correlation between DPPIV expression and paclitaxel sensitivity in various EOC cell lines.	Paclitaxel	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
19917055-7	2010	In addition, we observed a significant increase in the paclitaxel sensitivity of DPPIV-overexpressing EOC cells.	Paclitaxel	55-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
19917055-11	2010	The present findings show that DPPIV may be involved in the increased sensitivity to paclitaxel of EOC cells regardless of the involvement of DPPIV activity.	Paclitaxel	85-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
19947894-0	2010	Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with an unusual profile for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
20000418-0	2010	Application of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to different amine-containing drugs.	Amines	92-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-42
20000418-0	2010	Application of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to different amine-containing drugs.	Amines	92-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
20000418-0	2010	Application of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to different amine-containing drugs.	Amines	92-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
20000418-1	2010	Here we explore the applicability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to a variety of amine-containing drugs.	Amines	117-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
20000418-1	2010	Here we explore the applicability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to a variety of amine-containing drugs.	Amines	117-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
20000418-1	2010	Here we explore the applicability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) based prodrug approach to a variety of amine-containing drugs.	Amines	117-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
20519806-2	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, increase active GLP-1 and GIP levels and improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
20519806-2	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, increase active GLP-1 and GIP levels and improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
20519806-2	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, increase active GLP-1 and GIP levels and improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
20519806-2	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, such as sitagliptin, increase active GLP-1 and GIP levels and improve hyperglycemia in a glucose-dependent fashion.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
20008019-0	2010	Secretion and dipeptidyl peptidase-4-mediated metabolism of incretin hormones after a mixed meal or glucose ingestion in obese compared to lean, nondiabetic men.	Glucose	100-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
20018525-1	2010	GLP-1 (9-36)amide is the cleavage product of GLP-1(7-36) amide, formed by the action of diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (Dpp4), and is the major circulating form in plasma.	Amides	12-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
20018525-1	2010	GLP-1 (9-36)amide is the cleavage product of GLP-1(7-36) amide, formed by the action of diaminopeptidyl peptidase-4 (Dpp4), and is the major circulating form in plasma.	Amides	57-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
20332588-0	2010	Dose-ranging efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-62
20332588-1	2010	Sitagliptin is an oral, potent, highly selective, once-daily DPP-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
19947894-0	2010	Linagliptin, a xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor with an unusual profile for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Xanthine	15-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
19947894-4	2010	Linagliptin belongs to a new chemical class of dipeptidyl pepidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which comprise xanthine-based compounds.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-68
19947894-4	2010	Linagliptin belongs to a new chemical class of dipeptidyl pepidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which comprise xanthine-based compounds.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
19947894-4	2010	Linagliptin belongs to a new chemical class of dipeptidyl pepidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which comprise xanthine-based compounds.	Xanthine	104-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-68
19947894-4	2010	Linagliptin belongs to a new chemical class of dipeptidyl pepidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, which comprise xanthine-based compounds.	Xanthine	104-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
20040339-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin, under development for treatment of Type 2 diabetes, primarily is excreted renally.	alogliptin	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
19952298-5	2009	Exenatide, a DPP-4-resistant exendin-4 GLP-1 receptor agonist, exhibits the glucoregulatory actions of GLP-1 and reduces body weight in patients with T2DM.	Exenatide	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
20432813-6	2010	RESULTS: Changes of DPP-IV correlated significantly to the changes of percentage body fat (r = 0.47) and BMI SDS (r = 0.60).	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	109-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
20002082-0	2009	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of LC15-0444, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, after multiple dosing in healthy volunteers.	LC15-0444	41-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-83
20298625-6	2010	According to these studies, the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin gave a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.7% and 0.6% respectively.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	49-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20298625-6	2010	According to these studies, the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin gave a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.7% and 0.6% respectively.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20107298-5	2010	With the exception of the ADA/EASD consensus, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been included as alternative first- or second-line therapy due, in part, to their glucose-dependent mechanism of action that complements the actions of other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).	Glucose	175-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
20107298-5	2010	With the exception of the ADA/EASD consensus, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been included as alternative first- or second-line therapy due, in part, to their glucose-dependent mechanism of action that complements the actions of other oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).	Glucose	175-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
20107298-6	2010	The DPP-4 inhibitor, saxagliptin, demonstrates significant glycemia-lowering effects as monotherapy and in combination therapy, is weight neutral and well tolerated, and has a low risk of hypoglycemia.	saxagliptin	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
20107301-8	2010	The DPP-4 inhibitors effectively lower glucose and are weight neutral.	Glucose	39-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
19952298-7	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and saxagliptin increase endogenous GLP-1 concentration and demonstrate incretin-associated glucoregulatory actions in patients with T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19952298-7	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and saxagliptin increase endogenous GLP-1 concentration and demonstrate incretin-associated glucoregulatory actions in patients with T2DM.	saxagliptin	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19755410-2	2009	This study evaluated the effects of nateglinide on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) degradation.	Nateglinide	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
19755410-9	2009	Comparison of in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV by nateglinide and vildagliptin revealed IC(50) values of 17.1 and 2.1 microM respectively.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
19755410-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Although considerably less potent than specified DPP-IV inhibitors, the possibility that some of the beneficial actions of nateglinide are indirectly mediated through DPP-IV inhibition and increased bioavailability of GIP and other incretins merits consideration.	Nateglinide	136-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
19755410-9	2009	Comparison of in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV by nateglinide and vildagliptin revealed IC(50) values of 17.1 and 2.1 microM respectively.	Nateglinide	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
19755410-2	2009	This study evaluated the effects of nateglinide on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) degradation.	Nateglinide	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
19755410-5	2009	These effects were accompanied by prompt 32% inhibition of DPP-IV activity after 10 min (19.9+/-1.6 nmol/ml per min, P&lt;0.05), reaching a minimum of 1.9+/-0.1 nmol/ml per min at 120 min (P&lt;0.001) after nateglinide.	Nateglinide	207-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
19755410-7	2009	DPP-IV-mediated degradation of GIP was significantly less in patients receiving nateglinide compared with placebo.	Nateglinide	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
19755410-8	2009	Inhibition of DPP-IV activity corresponded with a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of nateglinide on DPP-IV-mediated truncation of GIP(1-42) to GIP(3-42) in vitro.	Nateglinide	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
19755410-8	2009	Inhibition of DPP-IV activity corresponded with a time- and concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of nateglinide on DPP-IV-mediated truncation of GIP(1-42) to GIP(3-42) in vitro.	Nateglinide	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-126
19947814-3	2009	The basic rationale for incretin-based therapies, including both GLP-1-receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors is reviewed, focusing on their roles in glucose regulation and potential therapeutic benefits.	Glucose	175-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
19929711-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: To review the role of DPP-4 inhibitors in treatment of T2DM with an emphasis on saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
19929711-5	2009	RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Saxagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is one of an important new class of compounds, which seems to be particularly safe and effective especially in early treatment of T2DM.	saxagliptin	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
19469803-3	2009	Further, a new class of oral agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, has recently become available with apparent utility in decreasing postprandial glucose excursions.	Glucose	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
19469803-3	2009	Further, a new class of oral agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, has recently become available with apparent utility in decreasing postprandial glucose excursions.	Glucose	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
19705345-0	2009	Efficacy and safety comparison between the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea gliclazide after two years of monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
19947817-3	2009	Data from clinical trials in which liraglutide, exenatide, saxagliptin, or sitagliptin were employed as monotherapy or added to ongoing antidiabetic treatment indicate that the incretin-based therapies have very low risk for the development of hypoglycemia and either decrease body weight (GLP-1-receptor agonists) or are weight neutral (DPP-4 inhibitors).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	338-343
22112254-0	2009	Clinical pharmacology of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	25-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
19874253-1	2009	Vildagliptin is the second member of the DPP-IV inhibitor class of drugs licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
19833514-0	2009	The design of potent and selective inhibitors of DPP-4: optimization of ADME properties by amide replacements.	Amides	91-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
22112254-1	2009	Alogliptin is a new, potent, highly selective, orally available inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme developed for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
22112254-1	2009	Alogliptin is a new, potent, highly selective, orally available inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme developed for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
19940419-8	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are effective either as a single or combination therapy in lowering glycated hemoglobin, fasting and postprandial glucose levels, with a low incidence of hypoglycemia and no weight gain.	Glucose	148-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
19793357-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme inhibitor, in elderly (&gt; or =65) and younger (&lt;65) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
19793357-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme inhibitor, in elderly (&gt; or =65) and younger (&lt;65) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	50-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
19900194-6	2009	The DPP-4 inhibitors are orally administered and demonstrate modest A1c reductions (0.6%-0.8%); the best results occur when combined with metformin.	Metformin	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
19900195-5	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, for example sitagliptin, have a modest effect on A1c levels (-0.7%) as monotherapy; however, they reduce A1c to a greater extent when combined with metformin ( approximately 2.0%).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
19791828-1	2009	Saxagliptin and its active metabolite M2 are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors that improve glycaemic control by preventing the inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
19486933-1	2009	The preparation of tablets by the melt granulation process was investigated to enhance chemical stability of a highly water-soluble drug substance, dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (Compound I), that is susceptible to degradation in presence of moisture.	Water	118-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-170
19486933-1	2009	The preparation of tablets by the melt granulation process was investigated to enhance chemical stability of a highly water-soluble drug substance, dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (Compound I), that is susceptible to degradation in presence of moisture.	Water	118-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	172-178
19793505-3	2009	Rapid-acting insulin analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and acarbose all target the postprandial glucose levels.	Glucose	142-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
19523989-8	2009	Furthermore, the N-terminal Arg-4, Pro-3, Lys-2, Pro-1extension at insulin B-chain can be excised by DPPIV and recombinant peptidase with DPPIV-like activities.	Arginine	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
19523989-8	2009	Furthermore, the N-terminal Arg-4, Pro-3, Lys-2, Pro-1extension at insulin B-chain can be excised by DPPIV and recombinant peptidase with DPPIV-like activities.	Arginine	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
19622714-1	2009	Alogliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor under investigation for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
19650752-0	2009	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin added to pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.	alogliptin	60-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
19691426-0	2009	Sitagliptin 100 mg daily effect on DPP-4 inhibition and compound-specific glycemic improvement.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
19691426-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, the degree of glucose lowering with sitagliptin has been correlated with the magnitude of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition over 24 h. Previous studies evaluating sitagliptin doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/day demonstrated that the daily dose of 100 mg provided maximal glucose-lowering efficacy for this compound in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	45-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
19691426-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, the degree of glucose lowering with sitagliptin has been correlated with the magnitude of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition over 24 h. Previous studies evaluating sitagliptin doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/day demonstrated that the daily dose of 100 mg provided maximal glucose-lowering efficacy for this compound in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-143
19691426-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, the degree of glucose lowering with sitagliptin has been correlated with the magnitude of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition over 24 h. Previous studies evaluating sitagliptin doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/day demonstrated that the daily dose of 100 mg provided maximal glucose-lowering efficacy for this compound in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
19691426-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: In clinical trials, the degree of glucose lowering with sitagliptin has been correlated with the magnitude of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition over 24 h. Previous studies evaluating sitagliptin doses ranging from 25 to 200 mg/day demonstrated that the daily dose of 100 mg provided maximal glucose-lowering efficacy for this compound in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	202-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
19691426-2	2009	However, sitagliptin 200 mg once daily provided numerically greater percent plasma DPP-4 inhibition compared with 100 mg once daily.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
19777398-0	2009	Linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
19777398-1	2009	Boehringer Ingelheim Corp is developing the novel, xanthine-based dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-94
19777398-2	2009	In vitro assays suggested that linagliptin was a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, with good selectivity for DPP-4 compared with other DPPs and proteases.	Linagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
19777398-2	2009	In vitro assays suggested that linagliptin was a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, with good selectivity for DPP-4 compared with other DPPs and proteases.	Linagliptin	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
19777398-3	2009	The inhibition of DPP-4 by linagliptin was also demonstrated in vivo, resulting in increased glucagon-like peptide 1 levels and improved glucose tolerance in both healthy animals and models of disease.	Linagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
19777398-3	2009	The inhibition of DPP-4 by linagliptin was also demonstrated in vivo, resulting in increased glucagon-like peptide 1 levels and improved glucose tolerance in both healthy animals and models of disease.	Glucose	137-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
19777398-4	2009	Furthermore, linagliptin exhibited prolonged pharmacodynamic activity, with long-lasting DPP-4 inhibition across different species.	Linagliptin	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-94
19777398-5	2009	The prolonged DPP-4 inhibition observed in preclinical models has translated to humans; linagliptin demonstrated approximately 80% inhibition of DPP-4 activity at daily doses as low as 5 mg in phase II clinical trials.	Linagliptin	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Alanine	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Alanine	156-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Glutamic Acid	163-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-116
19806507-3	2009	Albiglutide has a longer half-life as a result of its fusion with albumin and its resistance to degradation by DPP-4, caused by an amino acid substitution (Ala to Glu) at the DPP-4-sensitive hydrolysis site.	Glutamic Acid	163-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-180
19743938-4	2009	These drugs include the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists, exenatide, and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	128-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
19743938-4	2009	These drugs include the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists, exenatide, and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and saxagliptin.	saxagliptin	144-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
19783710-1	2009	Sitagliptin is an orally active, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
19783710-1	2009	Sitagliptin is an orally active, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
19545590-9	2009	In addition to incretin mimetics incretin enhancers which inhibit/delay degradation of incretins were developed: so-called DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin are approved in Europe.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	148-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
19640223-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is one of the mechanisms explaining the hypoglycemic effect of berberine.	Berberine	110-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
19640223-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is one of the mechanisms explaining the hypoglycemic effect of berberine.	Berberine	110-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
19640223-1	2009	Berberine was investigated as an inhibitor of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) in an attempt to explain its anti-hyperglycemic activities.	Berberine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
19640223-1	2009	Berberine was investigated as an inhibitor of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) in an attempt to explain its anti-hyperglycemic activities.	Berberine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
19640223-2	2009	The investigation included simulated docking experiments to fit berberine within the binding pocket of DPP IV.	Berberine	64-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-109
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Berberine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Berberine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	312-318
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	N-methylsalsolinium	177-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Nitrogen	211-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Berberine	226-235	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Glutamic Acid	282-295	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
19640223-3	2009	Berberine was found to readily fit within the binding pocket of DPP IV in a low energy orientation characterized with optimal electrostatic attractive interactions bridging the isoquinolinium positively charged nitrogen atom (berberine) and the negatively charged acidic residue of glutamic acid-205 (GLU205) of DPP IV.	Glutamic Acid	282-295	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	312-318
19640223-4	2009	Experimentally, berberine was found to inhibit human recombinant DPP IV in vitro with IC(50) = 13.3 microM.	Berberine	16-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
19640223-5	2009	Our findings suggest that DPP IV inhibition is, at least, one of the mechanisms that explain the anti-hyperglycemic activity of berberine.	Berberine	128-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
19640223-6	2009	The fact that berberine was recently reported to potently inhibit the pro-diabetic target human protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (h-PTP 1B) discloses a novel dual natural h-PTP 1B/DPP IV inhibitor.	Berberine	14-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
19545590-9	2009	In addition to incretin mimetics incretin enhancers which inhibit/delay degradation of incretins were developed: so-called DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin are approved in Europe.	Vildagliptin	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
19581505-3	2009	This study tested the hypothesis that DPP-IV inhibition affects risk of clinical angioedema, by comparing the incidence of angioedema in patients treated with the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin versus those treated with comparator in Phase III randomized clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
19780719-3	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) correct the GLP-1 deficiency by blocking this degradation, prolonging the incretin effect and enhancing glucose homoeostasis.	alogliptin	18-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19780719-3	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) correct the GLP-1 deficiency by blocking this degradation, prolonging the incretin effect and enhancing glucose homoeostasis.	saxagliptin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19780719-3	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) correct the GLP-1 deficiency by blocking this degradation, prolonging the incretin effect and enhancing glucose homoeostasis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19780719-3	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) correct the GLP-1 deficiency by blocking this degradation, prolonging the incretin effect and enhancing glucose homoeostasis.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19732457-2	2009	Linagliptin is a novel member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of antidiabetic drugs.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
19732457-2	2009	Linagliptin is a novel member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class of antidiabetic drugs.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
19581505-3	2009	This study tested the hypothesis that DPP-IV inhibition affects risk of clinical angioedema, by comparing the incidence of angioedema in patients treated with the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin versus those treated with comparator in Phase III randomized clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-169
19820276-6	2009	The incretin-based therapies, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, have been shown to be safe and effective in lowering glucose while eliciting favorable effects on weight (ie, weight-reducing and weight-neutral, respectively).	Glucose	188-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-122
19820278-5	2009	Among the newer agents, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors generally are weight-neutral in addition to lowering glucose, while the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists lead to weight reduction.	Glucose	115-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
22539875-6	2009	Some of these newer medications, such as the GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors, have become widely accepted as therapeutic options for the management of type 2 diabetes.Additional classes of glucose-lowering medications are expected to become available in the near future.	Glucose	194-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
19576767-0	2009	From lead to preclinical candidate: optimization of beta-homophenylalanine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	(S)-3-Amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid	52-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
19515557-0	2009	Discovery of beta-homophenylalanine based pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl amides and sulfonamides as highly potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	beta-homophenylalanine based pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl amides	13-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-156
19515557-3	2009	X-ray structure of inhibitor 7k bound to DPP-4 revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction with Q553.	3-(Trifluoromethyl)pyrazole	92-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
19515557-0	2009	Discovery of beta-homophenylalanine based pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl amides and sulfonamides as highly potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Sulfonamides	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-156
19515557-3	2009	X-ray structure of inhibitor 7k bound to DPP-4 revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction with Q553.	Hydrogen	58-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
19748066-10	2009	DPP-4 inhibition may also be used in combination with sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones and potentially also in combination with insulin.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	54-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19748065-2	2009	The first available DPP-4 inhibitors are sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
19748066-10	2009	DPP-4 inhibition may also be used in combination with sulphonylurea and thiazolidinediones and potentially also in combination with insulin.	Thiazolidinediones	72-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19748065-2	2009	The first available DPP-4 inhibitors are sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
19482472-0	2009	Bicyclic cyanothiazolidines as novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors.	bicyclic cyanothiazolidines	0-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
19748066-2	2009	DPP-4 inhibition increases insulin secretion and reduces glucagon secretion by preventing the inactivation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thereby lowering glucose levels.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19482472-1	2009	The synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel cyanothiazolidine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is described.	cyanothiazolidine	50-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
19482472-1	2009	The synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel cyanothiazolidine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is described.	cyanothiazolidine	50-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
19552619-0	2009	Evaluation of the potential for steady-state pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between the DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin and metformin in healthy subjects.	Linagliptin	122-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
19539471-0	2009	Aminopiperidine-fused imidazoles as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors.	aminopiperidine-fused imidazoles	0-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-59
19539471-1	2009	A new series of DPP-4 inhibitors derived from piperidine-fused benzimidazoles and imidazopyridines is described.	piperidine-fused benzimidazoles	46-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
19539471-1	2009	A new series of DPP-4 inhibitors derived from piperidine-fused benzimidazoles and imidazopyridines is described.	imidazopyridine	82-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
19539471-2	2009	Optimization of this class of DPP-4 inhibitors led to the discovery of imidazopyridine 34.	imidazopyridine	71-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
19552619-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a novel, orally available inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
19552619-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a novel, orally available inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
19552619-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a novel, orally available inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
19552619-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: Linagliptin (BI 1356) is a novel, orally available inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	Linagliptin	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
19552619-11	2009	Metformin alone had no effect on DPP-4 activity, and the inhibition of DPP-4 caused by linagliptin was not affected by concomitant administration of metformin.	Linagliptin	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
21437125-0	2009	Alogliptin: a new addition to the class of DPP-4 inhibitors.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
19476471-1	2009	AIMS: To develop predictive formulas using short-term changes in glycaemic parameters [haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG)] with sitagliptin, a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, to assess longer term steady-state changes in HbA1c.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	150-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-204
19476474-0	2009	Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of multiple oral doses of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in male type 2 diabetes patients.	Linagliptin	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
19476474-1	2009	AIMS: To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin (BI 1356) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	165-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-146
19476474-1	2009	AIMS: To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin (BI 1356) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Linagliptin	165-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
19476474-7	2009	Inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity correlated well with linagliptin plasma concentrations, resulting in DPP-4 inhibition &gt;90% in the two highest dose groups; even 24 h postdose, DPP-4 inhibition was &gt;80%.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
19476474-7	2009	Inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity correlated well with linagliptin plasma concentrations, resulting in DPP-4 inhibition &gt;90% in the two highest dose groups; even 24 h postdose, DPP-4 inhibition was &gt;80%.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
19476474-7	2009	Inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity correlated well with linagliptin plasma concentrations, resulting in DPP-4 inhibition &gt;90% in the two highest dose groups; even 24 h postdose, DPP-4 inhibition was &gt;80%.	Linagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
19476474-13	2009	Together with the favourable pharmacokinetics, these results confirm the unique profile of linagliptin in the DPP-4 inhibitor class.	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
19375196-0	2009	Synthesis and evaluation of structurally constrained imidazolidin derivatives as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	imidazolidin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
19375196-1	2009	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with constrained imidazolidin ring and tested their activities against DPP-IV.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	104-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-66
19375196-1	2009	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with constrained imidazolidin ring and tested their activities against DPP-IV.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	104-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
19375196-1	2009	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with constrained imidazolidin ring and tested their activities against DPP-IV.	imidazolidin	152-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-66
19375196-1	2009	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine derivatives with constrained imidazolidin ring and tested their activities against DPP-IV.	imidazolidin	152-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
19629885-2	2009	The structure of lixisenatide, based on exendin-4(1-39) modified C-terminally with six Lys residues, is able to withstand physiological degradation by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	lixisenatide	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-174
19602719-0	2009	A thorough QTc study to assess the effect of sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, on ventricular repolarization in healthy subjects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
21437125-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-124
21437125-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent that is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
21437121-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4: The mechanisms of action and clinical use of vildagliptin for the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	83-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
20409967-4	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prolong the half-life of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting its proteolytic degradation to the metabolite GLP-1(9-36), thereby increasing insulin and reducing glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	197-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
20409967-4	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors prolong the half-life of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting its proteolytic degradation to the metabolite GLP-1(9-36), thereby increasing insulin and reducing glucagon secretion.	Glucagon	197-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
19507853-1	2009	A highly efficient synthesis of sitagliptin, a potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been developed.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	32-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
19916112-0	2009	3D-QSAR studies on triazolopiperazine amide inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV as anti-diabetic agents.	triazolopiperazine amide	19-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
19916112-1	2009	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses were carried out on 45 triazolopiperazine amide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors in order to elucidate their antidiabetic activities.	triazolopiperazine amide	105-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-168
19916112-1	2009	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses were carried out on 45 triazolopiperazine amide derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors in order to elucidate their antidiabetic activities.	triazolopiperazine amide	105-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-176
21437121-3	2009	Oral inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) raise the level of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting its clearance thereby lowering fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations.	Glucose	156-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
21437121-3	2009	Oral inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) raise the level of endogenous GLP-1 by inhibiting its clearance thereby lowering fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations.	Glucose	156-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
21437121-5	2009	Here we review the evidence in regards to the mechanisms whereby DPP-4 inhibitors lower glucose concentrations.	Glucose	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
21437121-7	2009	The pharmacology, efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, are also discussed.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
19538242-0	2009	Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-70
19538242-0	2009	Investigation of the effect of oral metformin on dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) activity in Type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
19538242-3	2009	We investigated the acute effects of metformin with and without food on DPP-4 activity in Type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	37-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
19538242-8	2009	However, DPP-4 activity was suppressed with metformin following fasting compared with a SMM (n = 6) (AUC(0-4 h) 1578 +/- 4 vs. 1494 +/- 9 micromol/min, P &lt; 0.02).	Metformin	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
19538242-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Metformin inhibits DPP-4 activity in Type 2 diabetic patients in the fasting state but not when taken with a standard mixed meal.	Metformin	12-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
19426127-1	2009	BI 1356, a xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, has reached Phase III trials.	Linagliptin	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
19426127-1	2009	BI 1356, a xanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitor, has reached Phase III trials.	Xanthine	11-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
19405998-2	2009	METHODS: The formation of 7-amino-methyl coumarin from specific substrates for APN (L-alanine-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide, APB (L-arginine-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide) and DPPIV (glycyl-L-proline-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide) was used to estimate the KM, Vmax and the effect of aminopeptidases inhibitors on the enzymes.	7-amino-methyl coumarin	26-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
21437116-5	2009	The first DPP-IV inhibitor approved in the United States was sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-16
19444391-0	2009	Saxagliptin: a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
19442094-5	2009	Clinical studies to date indicate that DPP-IV inhibitors effectively ameliorate islet dysfunction and improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	110-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
19444391-1	2009	Saxagliptin is a potent and selective reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, which is being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-84
19364302-2	2009	Vildagliptin, an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, may represent an appropriate antihyperglycemic agent for combination with metformin to improve glycemic control in such patients.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
19364302-2	2009	Vildagliptin, an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, may represent an appropriate antihyperglycemic agent for combination with metformin to improve glycemic control in such patients.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
19385979-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an oral incretin enhancer that acts to increase active levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme responsible for the rapid deactivation of GLP-1 in vivo.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-174
19385980-1	2009	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
19385980-1	2009	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	216-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
19269819-1	2009	A series of (2S)-cyanopyrrolidines with glutamic acid derivatives at the P2 site have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	(2s)-cyanopyrrolidines	12-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-154
19285862-0	2009	Piperidinyl-2-phenethylamino inhibitors of DPP-IV for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	piperidinyl-2-phenethylamino	0-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
19269819-1	2009	A series of (2S)-cyanopyrrolidines with glutamic acid derivatives at the P2 site have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	(2s)-cyanopyrrolidines	12-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
19269819-1	2009	A series of (2S)-cyanopyrrolidines with glutamic acid derivatives at the P2 site have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Glutamic Acid	40-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-154
19269819-1	2009	A series of (2S)-cyanopyrrolidines with glutamic acid derivatives at the P2 site have been prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Glutamic Acid	40-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
19129245-4	2009	Glycosidase digestion revealed that CD26 contained such complex-type N-glycans that appear to mediate the MBP binding.	n-glycans	69-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
19129245-0	2009	Highly fucosylated N-glycan ligands for mannan-binding protein expressed specifically on CD26 (DPPVI) isolated from a human colorectal carcinoma cell line, SW1116.	n-glycan	19-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
19129245-5	2009	MALDI-MS of the N-glycans released from CD26 by PNGase F demonstrated conclusively that CD26 is the major MLO-carrying protein.	n-glycans	16-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
19129245-5	2009	MALDI-MS of the N-glycans released from CD26 by PNGase F demonstrated conclusively that CD26 is the major MLO-carrying protein.	n-glycans	16-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-92
19330494-0	2009	Saxagliptin: a new DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
19174497-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on alpha-cell response to hyper- and hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	94-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	211-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
19259628-0	2009	DPP4 inhibitors: from sitagliptin monotherapy to the new alogliptin-pioglitazone combination therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	211-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
19259628-0	2009	DPP4 inhibitors: from sitagliptin monotherapy to the new alogliptin-pioglitazone combination therapy.	alogliptin	57-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	224-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
19259628-0	2009	DPP4 inhibitors: from sitagliptin monotherapy to the new alogliptin-pioglitazone combination therapy.	Pioglitazone	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	224-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
19330494-7	2009	Saxagliptin is a novel DPP-4 inhibitor that has recently completed phase 3 studies.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
19330494-8	2009	Saxagliptin is a potent and specific inhibitor of DPP-4 (in comparison with other dipeptidyl peptidase enzymes) that is given once daily.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
19217790-4	2009	DPP-4, a protease that specifically cleaves dipeptides from proteins and oligopeptides after a penultimate N-terminal proline or alanine, is involved in the degradation of a number of neuropeptides, peptide hormones and cytokines, including the incretins GLP-1 and GIP.	Dipeptides	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19217790-4	2009	DPP-4, a protease that specifically cleaves dipeptides from proteins and oligopeptides after a penultimate N-terminal proline or alanine, is involved in the degradation of a number of neuropeptides, peptide hormones and cytokines, including the incretins GLP-1 and GIP.	Proline	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19217790-4	2009	DPP-4, a protease that specifically cleaves dipeptides from proteins and oligopeptides after a penultimate N-terminal proline or alanine, is involved in the degradation of a number of neuropeptides, peptide hormones and cytokines, including the incretins GLP-1 and GIP.	Alanine	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19217790-7	2009	Indeed, clinical trials involving diabetic patients have shown improved glucose control by administering DPP-4 inhibitors, thus demonstrating the benefit of this promising new class of antidiabetics.	Glucose	72-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
19088168-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin elicits changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
19088168-6	2009	INTERVENTION: INTERVENTION included 7 d treatment with the selective DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin or placebo and a standardized test meal on d 7.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
19418936-1	2009	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-71
19074975-0	2009	Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of [14C]vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in humans.	[14c]vildagliptin	41-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-90
19162567-1	2009	PF-00734200 (3,3-Difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-((2S,4S)-4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of diabetic complications and other disorders.	gosogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-157
19162567-1	2009	PF-00734200 (3,3-Difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl)-((2S,4S)-4-(4-(pyrimidin-2-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone) is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of diabetic complications and other disorders.	gosogliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-165
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
19236626-0	2009	Treatment of HNF1-alpha MODY with the DPP-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin(1).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
19125778-0	2009	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by glyburide monotherapy.	alogliptin	60-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
19327104-5	2009	DPP IV removes the two amino terminal amino acids (Ser Pro) from BNP(1-32) to produce BNP(3-32), which has been detected in plasma of patients with congestive heart failure.	Serine	51-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
19125778-1	2009	AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, a potent and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in combination with glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea monotherapy.	alogliptin	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
19125778-1	2009	AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, a potent and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in combination with glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by sulphonylurea monotherapy.	alogliptin	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
19191685-0	2009	Alogliptin: a new, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
19191685-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a potent, highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor now undergoing clinical testing to support a new drug application for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
18971371-0	2009	Chronic treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor BI 1356 [(R)-8-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione] increases basal glucagon-like peptide-1 and improves glycemic control in diabetic rodent models.	Linagliptin	60-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
18971371-2	2009	BI 1356 [proposed trade name Ondero; (R)-8-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-purine-2,6-dione] is a novel competitive, selective, potent, and long-acting DPP-4 inhibitor under clinical development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-219
18971371-8	2009	The effects on HbA1c and GLP-1 were superior to the short-acting DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, demonstrating the potential of BI 1356 as a once daily treatment for type 2 diabetes at low therapeutic doses.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
19221403-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
19149538-2	2009	Inhibition of plasma DPP IV enzyme leads to enhanced endogenous GLP-1 and GIP activity, which ultimately results in the potentiation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and subsequent lowering of blood glucose levels, HbA[1(c)], glucagon secretion and liver glucose production.	Glucose	212-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
19149538-2	2009	Inhibition of plasma DPP IV enzyme leads to enhanced endogenous GLP-1 and GIP activity, which ultimately results in the potentiation of insulin secretion by pancreatic beta-cells and subsequent lowering of blood glucose levels, HbA[1(c)], glucagon secretion and liver glucose production.	Glucose	268-275	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
19149538-3	2009	Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	113-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
19149538-3	2009	Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched.	Vildagliptin	129-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
18410982-0	2009	Synthesis and use of 4-peptidylhydrazido-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimides as fluorogenic histochemical substrates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I.	4-peptidylhydrazido-n-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimides	21-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
18931099-0	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by vildagliptin and the effect on insulin secretion and action in response to meal ingestion in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
18931099-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism by which dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors lower postprandial glucose concentrations.	Glucose	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
18410982-1	2009	Gly-Pro-, Gly-Pro-Met- and Ala-Ala-Phe-N"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides are synthesized by guanidinium/uronium type condensing reagent and used as fluorogenic substrates to localize dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I activities in mammalian tissue sections.	Gly-Pro-Met	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-247
18410982-1	2009	Gly-Pro-, Gly-Pro-Met- and Ala-Ala-Phe-N"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides are synthesized by guanidinium/uronium type condensing reagent and used as fluorogenic substrates to localize dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I activities in mammalian tissue sections.	ala-ala-phe-n"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1h-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides	27-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-247
18410982-1	2009	Gly-Pro-, Gly-Pro-Met- and Ala-Ala-Phe-N"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides are synthesized by guanidinium/uronium type condensing reagent and used as fluorogenic substrates to localize dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I activities in mammalian tissue sections.	Guanidine	133-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-247
18410982-1	2009	Gly-Pro-, Gly-Pro-Met- and Ala-Ala-Phe-N"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides are synthesized by guanidinium/uronium type condensing reagent and used as fluorogenic substrates to localize dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I activities in mammalian tissue sections.	uronium	145-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-247
19545486-2	2009	Just a small number of proline-specific hydrolases including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and related molecules is capable of cleaving such post-prolyl bond.	Proline	23-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
19545486-2	2009	Just a small number of proline-specific hydrolases including dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and related molecules is capable of cleaving such post-prolyl bond.	Proline	23-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
18410982-1	2009	Gly-Pro-, Gly-Pro-Met- and Ala-Ala-Phe-N"-(2-hexyl-1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-6-yl)-hydrazides are synthesized by guanidinium/uronium type condensing reagent and used as fluorogenic substrates to localize dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I activities in mammalian tissue sections.	glycylproline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	224-247
18957505-0	2009	Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves fasting islet-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
18957505-12	2009	DPP-4 inhibitor treatment improved the acute insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose (50 and 100% respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and increased the slope of the C-peptide response to glucose (33%; P = 0.023).	Glucose	181-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18957505-2	2009	Consistent with this mechanism of action, DPP-4 inhibitors improve glucose tolerance after meals by increasing insulin and reducing glucagon levels in the plasma.	Glucose	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
18957505-2	2009	Consistent with this mechanism of action, DPP-4 inhibitors improve glucose tolerance after meals by increasing insulin and reducing glucagon levels in the plasma.	Glucagon	132-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
18957505-3	2009	However, DPP-4 inhibitors also reduce fasting blood glucose, an unexpected effect because circulating levels of active GIP and GLP-1 are low in the postabsorptive state.	Glucose	52-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
18957505-12	2009	DPP-4 inhibitor treatment improved the acute insulin and C-peptide responses to glucose (50 and 100% respectively; P &lt; 0.05) and increased the slope of the C-peptide response to glucose (33%; P = 0.023).	Glucose	80-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18832295-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an orally effective, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
19125992-0	2009	Efficacy and safety of adding the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin to metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.	alogliptin	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-56
19125992-1	2009	AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for 26 weeks at once-daily doses of 12.5 and 25 mg in combination with metformin in patients whose HbA(1c) levels were inadequately controlled on metformin alone.	alogliptin	45-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
18832295-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an orally effective, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
18832295-7	2009	Administration of vildagliptin 25 to 200 mg led to rapid and near-complete (&gt;95%) inhibition of DPP-4 activity for at least 4 hours after dosing, which was associated with increases in plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 of up to 2- to 3-fold compared with placebo.	Vildagliptin	18-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
18832295-12	2009	Vildagliptin demonstrates potent inhibition of DPP-4 activity with excellent tolerability at doses of up to and including 200 mg qd.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
18513794-0	2009	Enhancement of hematopoietic stem cell engraftment by inhibition of CXCL12 proteolysis with sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor: a report in a case of delayed graft failure.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	92-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-136
19182763-9	2009	DPP-4 resistant incretin analogues/mimetics (e.g. exenatide, liraglutide) that have been developed by modifications/ substitutions in the polypeptide chain may be an effective alternative of the existing therapy of type-2 DM.	Exenatide	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21475791-0	2009	Plasma concentrations of zinc, copper, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma, and plasma dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity in chronic hepatitis C. Copper and zinc are essential trace elements which play an important role in various biological processes.	Copper	143-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
19182763-10	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g. sitagliptin, vindagliptin) prevent the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, thereby potentiate their actions and help in glycemic control.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19182763-10	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g. sitagliptin, vindagliptin) prevent the degradation of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, thereby potentiate their actions and help in glycemic control.	vindagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20043037-8	2009	In contrast, DPP-4 inhibitors are weight neutral and have modest effects on glucose control.	Glucose	76-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
19179812-8	2009	This article reviews data from a number of clinical trials, presentations, and abstracts indicating the importance of the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin both alone and in combination with insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
19179813-6	2009	In addition to reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose, the recently developed diabetes therapies GLP-1 receptor agonists (eg, exenatide, liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (eg, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) appear to have beneficial effects on beta-cell dysfunction and, possibly, on alpha-cell dysregulation.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	204-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-186
19179813-6	2009	In addition to reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose, the recently developed diabetes therapies GLP-1 receptor agonists (eg, exenatide, liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (eg, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) appear to have beneficial effects on beta-cell dysfunction and, possibly, on alpha-cell dysregulation.	Vildagliptin	217-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-186
18755155-1	2008	With vildagliptin and sitagliptin on the market for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, EC 3.4.14.5) research has entered a new era.	Vildagliptin	5-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
19077774-4	2009	Several antidiabetic agents that specifically target PPG are currently available, including glinides, glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and rapid-acting insulin analogs.	ppg	53-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-158
18755155-3	2008	During the pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of vildagliptin and sitagliptin, there has been a growing awareness of the presence of other DPP4-like peptidases in various cells and tissues.	Vildagliptin	51-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-145
18755155-3	2008	During the pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of vildagliptin and sitagliptin, there has been a growing awareness of the presence of other DPP4-like peptidases in various cells and tissues.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	68-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-145
19260377-7	2008	Two classes of incretin-based drugs have been developed: GLP-1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
18996694-1	2008	Compounds with homopiperazine skeleton are designed to find a potent DPP-IV inhibitor without inhibiting CYP.	1,4-diazepane	15-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-75
19022515-2	2008	The efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide and of the DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been clearly demonstrated by a very large number of clinical trials.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	87-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
19022515-2	2008	The efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide and of the DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been clearly demonstrated by a very large number of clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	103-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
18671716-0	2008	Glucose regulation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene expression is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha in epithelial intestinal cells.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-45
18671716-5	2008	The first aim of the present study was to clarify whether glucose regulates DPP-IV enzyme activity.	Glucose	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
18671716-7	2008	We observed that high glucose inhibited DPP-IV gene expression and enzyme activity.	Glucose	22-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
18850743-0	2008	A scalable synthesis of an azabicyclooctanyl derivative, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor.	azabicyclooctanyl	27-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
18671716-9	2008	The second aim of the present study was to investigate whether hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1alpha contributes to glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression.	Glucose	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
18671716-11	2008	We found that the pattern of glucose-regulated DPP-IV gene expression is similar to that of HNF-1alpha.	Glucose	29-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-53
18671716-12	2008	Moreover, to elucidate whether glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression is affected when HNF-1alpha is inhibited, we produced two stable cell lines in which a dominant-negative mutant HNF-1alphaR271G or basic vectors were stably expressed.	Glucose	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
18671716-13	2008	We found that glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression was compromised in HNF-1alphaR271G cells, but was well maintained in basic vector cells.	Glucose	14-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
18671716-15	2008	These results suggest that glucose regulation of DPP-IV gene expression is mediated by HNF-1alpha.	Glucose	27-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
18809631-0	2008	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.	alogliptin	60-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
18809631-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin in drug-naive patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	68-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
18809631-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor alogliptin in drug-naive patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	68-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
19051153-0	2008	Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
19051153-1	2008	Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, is currently under development by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, AstraZeneca plc and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
19051153-1	2008	Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, is currently under development by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, AstraZeneca plc and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
19051153-5	2008	Clinical trials have demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of DPP-IV by saxagliptin without serious side effects.	saxagliptin	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
19051153-7	2008	The specific advantages of saxagliptin over other DPP-IV inhibitors may lie in its long-lived, effective and highly specific inhibition of DPP-IV, making once-daily treatment feasible, effective and safe.	saxagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
19051153-7	2008	The specific advantages of saxagliptin over other DPP-IV inhibitors may lie in its long-lived, effective and highly specific inhibition of DPP-IV, making once-daily treatment feasible, effective and safe.	saxagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
18476982-0	2008	Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a model-based approach.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
18476982-1	2008	PURPOSE: The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to assess the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on pancreatic beta-cell function using a model-based analysis.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
18850743-1	2008	A practical synthetic strategy to a chiral azabicycclooctanyl derivative (1), a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, starting from a commercially available nortropine is described.	azabicycclooctanyl	43-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
18850743-1	2008	A practical synthetic strategy to a chiral azabicycclooctanyl derivative (1), a potent DPP-4 inhibitor, starting from a commercially available nortropine is described.	Nortropine	143-153	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
18989859-8	2008	One of our interesting potent anti-DPP IV hits is the fluoroquinolone gemifloxacin (IC(50)=1.12 muM).	Fluoroquinolones	54-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
18929237-4	2008	The enzyme DPP-4 cleaves incretins, which, among other functions, stimulate insulin and suppresses glucagon.	Glucagon	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
18929237-8	2008	The authors conducted a literature search of various databases to identify the clinical trials involving the DPP inhibitors and concluded that the DPP-4 inhibitors, for example, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are efficacious for managing diabetes as monotherapy or combination therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	178-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
18929237-8	2008	The authors conducted a literature search of various databases to identify the clinical trials involving the DPP inhibitors and concluded that the DPP-4 inhibitors, for example, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are efficacious for managing diabetes as monotherapy or combination therapy.	Vildagliptin	194-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
18989859-8	2008	One of our interesting potent anti-DPP IV hits is the fluoroquinolone gemifloxacin (IC(50)=1.12 muM).	Gemifloxacin	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
18989859-9	2008	The fact that gemifloxacin was recently reported to potently inhibit the prodiabetic target glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) suggests that gemifloxacin is an excellent lead for the development of novel dual antidiabetic inhibitors against DPP IV and GSK-3beta.	Gemifloxacin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	249-255
18989859-9	2008	The fact that gemifloxacin was recently reported to potently inhibit the prodiabetic target glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) suggests that gemifloxacin is an excellent lead for the development of novel dual antidiabetic inhibitors against DPP IV and GSK-3beta.	Gemifloxacin	149-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	249-255
18954434-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin, a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is the first in a new class of oral antihyperglycemic agents (AHAs) for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	238-243
18284434-2	2008	METHODS: This 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (50 mg given once or twice daily) vs. placebo added to glimepiride (4 mg once daily) in 515 patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
30764059-3	2008	Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the action of DPP-4, the primary enzyme degrading the incretin hormones, allowing glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide to facilitate glucose regulation in response to a meal.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
30764059-3	2008	Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the action of DPP-4, the primary enzyme degrading the incretin hormones, allowing glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide to facilitate glucose regulation in response to a meal.	Glucose	143-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
30764059-3	2008	Sitagliptin selectively inhibits the action of DPP-4, the primary enzyme degrading the incretin hormones, allowing glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide to facilitate glucose regulation in response to a meal.	Glucose	198-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
19173831-2	2008	METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of DPPIV protein in 378 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded EOC tissue samples.	Formaldehyde	94-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
19173831-2	2008	METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of DPPIV protein in 378 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded EOC tissue samples.	Paraffin	109-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
19173831-3	2008	The expression of DPPIV mRNA in 86 EOC tissue samples were examined by in situ hybridization (ISH) using specific FITC-labelled RNA probes.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	114-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
18812608-0	2008	Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of BI 1356, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, in healthy male volunteers.	Linagliptin	85-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-132
18819797-1	2008	Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides and 3-amino-N-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides	16-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-177
18819797-1	2008	Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides and 3-amino-N-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides	16-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
18819797-1	2008	Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides and 3-amino-N-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides	70-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-177
18819797-1	2008	Novel series of 3-amino-N-(4-aryl-1,1-dioxothian-4-yl)butanamides and 3-amino-N-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides were synthesized and evaluated as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors.	3-amino-n-(4-aryltetrahydropyran-4-yl)butanamides	70-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
18819797-2	2008	Derivatives incorporating the 6-substituted benzothiazole group showed highly potent DPP-IV inhibitory activity.	benzothiazole	44-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
19014837-0	2008	Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LC15-0444 in healthy Korean men: a dose-block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending single-dose, Phase I study.	LC15-0444	94-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-83
18628530-3	2008	Two new drugs, exenatide (GLP-1 mimetic) and sitagliptin [dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) 4 inhibitor], have been approved by regulatory agencies for treating T2DM.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-86
18628530-4	2008	Liraglutide (GLP-1 mimetic) and vildagliptin (DPP 4 inhibitor) are expected to arrive on the market soon.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
18628530-17	2008	Unresolved issues such as the effects of GLP-1 mimetics and DPP 4 inhibitors on beta-cell mass, the mechanism by which GLP-1 mimetics lowers glucagon levels, and exactly how DPP 4 inhibitors lead to a decline in plasma glucose levels without an increase in insulin secretion, need further research.	Glucose	219-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-179
18812608-8	2008	All doses of BI 1356 inhibited plasma dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity.	Linagliptin	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
19017837-3	2008	In the last 5 years new glucose lowering drugs acting on novel pathways have been developed, licensed and launched, such as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists (exenatide) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Glucose	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-211
19017837-3	2008	In the last 5 years new glucose lowering drugs acting on novel pathways have been developed, licensed and launched, such as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists (exenatide) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-211
19017837-3	2008	In the last 5 years new glucose lowering drugs acting on novel pathways have been developed, licensed and launched, such as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists (exenatide) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	248-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-211
18806525-3	2008	Through the action of GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-IV inhibitors improve preprandial and postprandial glucose by enhancing insulin secretion and reducing postprandial concentrations of glucagon.	Glucose	92-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
18806525-3	2008	Through the action of GLP-1 and GIP, DPP-IV inhibitors improve preprandial and postprandial glucose by enhancing insulin secretion and reducing postprandial concentrations of glucagon.	Glucagon	175-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
18243422-2	2008	Several pyrazoline derivatives exhibited submicromolar inhibitory activities against DPP-IV.	pyrazoline	8-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
18820816-7	2008	Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors reduce elevated A1C, lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress glucagon release, and are weight neutral.	Glucose	124-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
18820816-7	2008	Clinical studies in patients with T2DM have shown that DPP-4 inhibitors reduce elevated A1C, lower postprandial and fasting glucose, suppress glucagon release, and are weight neutral.	Glucagon	142-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
18769687-7	2008	The second class, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin) rely on production of endogenous GLP-1 and act by reducing its turnover.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	65-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
18670111-0	2008	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent 1-(2-substituted-aminoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-cyanopyrrolidine dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	1-(2-substituted-aminoacetyl)-4-fluoro-2-cyanopyrrolidine	57-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
18670111-2	2008	We previously reported that 2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidines act as potent DPP-IV inhibitors and have been modifying the 1-position of pyrrolidine to obtain more useful inhibitors.	2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidines	28-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
18670111-2	2008	We previously reported that 2-cyano-4-fluoropyrrolidines act as potent DPP-IV inhibitors and have been modifying the 1-position of pyrrolidine to obtain more useful inhibitors.	pyrrolidine	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
18670111-3	2008	An L-tert-butylglycine derivative was found to be a stable and potent DPP-IV inhibitor that exhibits a glucose lowering effect in vivo.	L-tert-Leucine	3-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
18670111-3	2008	An L-tert-butylglycine derivative was found to be a stable and potent DPP-IV inhibitor that exhibits a glucose lowering effect in vivo.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
18207285-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a valid drug target for type-2 diabetes and DPP-IV inhibitors have been proven to efficiently improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
18207285-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a valid drug target for type-2 diabetes and DPP-IV inhibitors have been proven to efficiently improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
18207285-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is a valid drug target for type-2 diabetes and DPP-IV inhibitors have been proven to efficiently improve glucose tolerance.	Glucose	138-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
18769687-7	2008	The second class, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin) rely on production of endogenous GLP-1 and act by reducing its turnover.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
18588294-7	2008	In a reaction related to the combination of P[triple bond]P and M[triple bond]P triple bonds, the phosphaalkyne AdC[triple bond]P (Ad = 1-adamantyl) was observed to react with 3-Mo to generate the cyclo-CP2 complex (AdCP2)Mo(N[(i)Pr]Ar)3.	phosphaalkyne	98-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
18588294-7	2008	In a reaction related to the combination of P[triple bond]P and M[triple bond]P triple bonds, the phosphaalkyne AdC[triple bond]P (Ad = 1-adamantyl) was observed to react with 3-Mo to generate the cyclo-CP2 complex (AdCP2)Mo(N[(i)Pr]Ar)3.	adamantyl	138-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
18588294-7	2008	In a reaction related to the combination of P[triple bond]P and M[triple bond]P triple bonds, the phosphaalkyne AdC[triple bond]P (Ad = 1-adamantyl) was observed to react with 3-Mo to generate the cyclo-CP2 complex (AdCP2)Mo(N[(i)Pr]Ar)3.	cyclo-cp2	197-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
18606664-3	2008	After demonstrating that N-terminal truncation of the chemokine CCL11/eotaxin by DPPIV results in a loss of CCR3-mediated intracellular calcium mobilization and CCR3 internalization in human eosinophils, we focused on the in vivo role of CCL11 and provide direct evidence for specific kinetic and rate-determining effects by DPPIV-like enzymatic activity on CCL11-mediated responses of eosinophils.	Calcium	136-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
18538760-2	2008	Alogliptin potently inhibited human DPP-4 in vitro (mean IC(50), ~ 6.9 nM) and exhibited &gt; 10,000-fold selectivity for DPP-4 over the closely related serine proteases DPP-2, DPP-8, DPP-9, fibroblast activation protein/seprase, prolyl endopeptidase, and tryptase (IC(50) &gt; 100,000 nM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18538760-2	2008	Alogliptin potently inhibited human DPP-4 in vitro (mean IC(50), ~ 6.9 nM) and exhibited &gt; 10,000-fold selectivity for DPP-4 over the closely related serine proteases DPP-2, DPP-8, DPP-9, fibroblast activation protein/seprase, prolyl endopeptidase, and tryptase (IC(50) &gt; 100,000 nM).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
18602260-0	2008	Discovery of conformationally rigid 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-derived dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors.	3-azabicyclo(3.1.0)hexane	36-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
18503607-1	2008	AIMS: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is an incretin enhancer that is approved for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	6-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
18542012-5	2008	The orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, that is sitagliptin and vildagliptin reduce haemoglobin A1c by 0.5-1.0%, are weight neutral and without gastrointestinal side-effects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	64-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
18524582-1	2008	Probing with tool molecules, and by modeling and X-ray crystallography the binding modes of two structurally distinct series of DPP-4 inhibitors led to the discovery of a rare aromatic fluorine H-bond and the spatial requirement for better biaryl binding in the DPP-4 enzyme active site.	Fluorine	185-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
18524582-1	2008	Probing with tool molecules, and by modeling and X-ray crystallography the binding modes of two structurally distinct series of DPP-4 inhibitors led to the discovery of a rare aromatic fluorine H-bond and the spatial requirement for better biaryl binding in the DPP-4 enzyme active site.	Fluorine	185-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	262-267
18524582-1	2008	Probing with tool molecules, and by modeling and X-ray crystallography the binding modes of two structurally distinct series of DPP-4 inhibitors led to the discovery of a rare aromatic fluorine H-bond and the spatial requirement for better biaryl binding in the DPP-4 enzyme active site.	Biaryl	240-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
18524582-1	2008	Probing with tool molecules, and by modeling and X-ray crystallography the binding modes of two structurally distinct series of DPP-4 inhibitors led to the discovery of a rare aromatic fluorine H-bond and the spatial requirement for better biaryl binding in the DPP-4 enzyme active site.	Biaryl	240-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	262-267
18600568-2	2008	The two incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)) amide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are released from the small intestine in response to the ingestion of nutrients and regulate glucose homeostasis in a glucose-dependent fashion; however, the action of both incretins is terminated by the rapid N-terminal cleavage of two amino acid residues of GLP-1 and GIP by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).	Amides	63-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	397-420
18600568-2	2008	The two incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) (GLP-1(7-36)) amide and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are released from the small intestine in response to the ingestion of nutrients and regulate glucose homeostasis in a glucose-dependent fashion; however, the action of both incretins is terminated by the rapid N-terminal cleavage of two amino acid residues of GLP-1 and GIP by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV).	Amides	63-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	422-428
18600568-4	2008	This strategy has resulted in the launch of two DPP-IV inhibitor drugs; sitagliptin in North America, several European territories, and various other countries, and vildagliptin in the EU as well as various countries.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
18542012-5	2008	The orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, that is sitagliptin and vildagliptin reduce haemoglobin A1c by 0.5-1.0%, are weight neutral and without gastrointestinal side-effects.	Vildagliptin	80-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
18793589-0	2008	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
18577160-4	2008	A number of new therapeutic agents are undergoing clinical development, including glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin), which target the incretin system, and the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), which target the endocannabinoid system, may hold some promise for meeting these unmet needs.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	182-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-169
18577160-4	2008	A number of new therapeutic agents are undergoing clinical development, including glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin), which target the incretin system, and the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), which target the endocannabinoid system, may hold some promise for meeting these unmet needs.	Vildagliptin	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-169
18577160-4	2008	A number of new therapeutic agents are undergoing clinical development, including glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin), which target the incretin system, and the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), which target the endocannabinoid system, may hold some promise for meeting these unmet needs.	Rimonabant	291-301	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-169
18793589-0	2008	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Pioglitazone	136-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
18793589-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
18793589-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
18979908-7	2008	The glycemic profiles of patients after administrations of incretin mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors show improvement in postprandial glucose levels and ultimately in HbA1c.	Glucose	132-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-87
18795210-11	2008	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin result in clinically significant reductions in HbA1c, and are weight neutral with few GI side effects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18795210-11	2008	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin result in clinically significant reductions in HbA1c, and are weight neutral with few GI side effects.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18520029-7	2008	The DPP IV in the vesicles was metabolically active in cleaving substance P and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide to release N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
20694081-2	2008	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
18485703-0	2008	3,5-Dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones: a class of potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	3,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones	0-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
18485703-1	2008	Systematic variations of the xanthine scaffold in close analogs of development compound BI 1356 led to the class of 3,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones which provided, after substituent screening, a series of highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	Xanthine	29-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	230-235
18485703-1	2008	Systematic variations of the xanthine scaffold in close analogs of development compound BI 1356 led to the class of 3,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones which provided, after substituent screening, a series of highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	Bismuth	88-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	230-235
18485703-1	2008	Systematic variations of the xanthine scaffold in close analogs of development compound BI 1356 led to the class of 3,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones which provided, after substituent screening, a series of highly potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	3,5-dihydro-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-ones	116-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	230-235
18471347-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
18471347-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	199-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
20694081-2	2008	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
18435673-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Sitagliptin is a novel oral incretin enhancer that acts by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 enzyme and is indicated in Europe as a treatment adjunct to metformin (MF), sulphonylurea (SU), MF plus SU and diet and exercise, in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-107
18491995-7	2008	RESULTS: Teduglutide (GATTEX, ALX-0600; NPS Allelix Corp) is a synthetic DPP-IV-resistant recombinant human GLP-2 analog that differs from GLP-2 only by an N-terminus substitution of glycine for alanine in position 2 of the peptide that renders the component resistant to enzymatic degradation.	teduglutide	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
18201204-1	2008	Exendin-4 is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV)-resistant glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) mimetic and its synthetic counterpart, exenatide, is being used in the therapy of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Exenatide	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
18518780-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is a highly selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-73
18491995-7	2008	RESULTS: Teduglutide (GATTEX, ALX-0600; NPS Allelix Corp) is a synthetic DPP-IV-resistant recombinant human GLP-2 analog that differs from GLP-2 only by an N-terminus substitution of glycine for alanine in position 2 of the peptide that renders the component resistant to enzymatic degradation.	teduglutide	22-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
18443229-11	2008	Sitagliptin, by blocking dipeptidyl peptidase IV, prevents metabolism of neuropeptide Y(1-36) and thereby increases the effects of neuropeptide Y(1-36) released from renal sympathetic nerves on Y(1) receptors leading to augmentation of neuropeptide Y(1-36)-induced enhancement of the renovascular effects of angiotensin II.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
23495778-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family has outgrown its humble origins as a simple enzymatic activity cleaving dipeptides from peptides with an accessible N-terminal penultimate proline with no clear role in metabolism.	Dipeptides	128-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
23495778-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family has outgrown its humble origins as a simple enzymatic activity cleaving dipeptides from peptides with an accessible N-terminal penultimate proline with no clear role in metabolism.	Dipeptides	128-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
23495778-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family has outgrown its humble origins as a simple enzymatic activity cleaving dipeptides from peptides with an accessible N-terminal penultimate proline with no clear role in metabolism.	Proline	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
23495778-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) family has outgrown its humble origins as a simple enzymatic activity cleaving dipeptides from peptides with an accessible N-terminal penultimate proline with no clear role in metabolism.	Proline	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
18385458-5	2008	The enzymatic activities of DPP IV and APN in tonsillar lymphocytes and the patients" sera were determined kinetically at 37 degrees C using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (for DPP IV) and Ala-p-nitroanilide (for APN) as chromogenic substrates.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	141-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
18385458-5	2008	The enzymatic activities of DPP IV and APN in tonsillar lymphocytes and the patients" sera were determined kinetically at 37 degrees C using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (for DPP IV) and Ala-p-nitroanilide (for APN) as chromogenic substrates.	ala-p-nitroanilide	181-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
18508427-4	2008	Examinations on numerous peptides carrying the N-terminal Xaa-Xaa-Pro motif of Tat revealed that tryptophan at position two strongly enhanced DP IV inhibition and immunosuppression.	Tryptophan	97-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
18355324-0	2008	Glucose-lowering activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
18355324-0	2008	Glucose-lowering activity of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor saxagliptin in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.	saxagliptin	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
18355324-2	2008	The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dose ranges of the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin (BMS-477118) in patients with T2DM.	saxagliptin	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
18508427-5	2008	Here, we present evidence that the thromboxane A2 receptor exposing N-terminal Met-Trp-Pro at the cell surface could be a potential endogenous, inhibitory DP IV ligand.	tryptophyl-proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-160
18519840-5	2008	Sitagliptin phosphate (a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, 50 mg/d) was added to the treatment regimen to improve glycemic control.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
18353996-0	2008	Effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on blood pressure in nondiabetic patients with mild to moderate hypertension.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
18353996-1	2008	The effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on ambulatory blood pressure was assessed in nondiabetic patients with mild to moderate hypertension in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-period crossover study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-51
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	139-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	139-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
18425967-18	2008	All published randomised controlled trials of at least 12 weeks treatment with sitagliptin and vildagliptin only reported routine laboratory safety measurements AUTHORS" CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors have some theoretical advantages over existing therapies with oral antidiabetic compounds but should currently be restricted to individual patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-188
18425967-18	2008	All published randomised controlled trials of at least 12 weeks treatment with sitagliptin and vildagliptin only reported routine laboratory safety measurements AUTHORS" CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors have some theoretical advantages over existing therapies with oral antidiabetic compounds but should currently be restricted to individual patients.	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-188
18346892-0	2008	Structure-based design and synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	benzimidazole	40-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
18512528-5	2008	Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which breaks down GLP-I.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
18512528-5	2008	Sitagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which breaks down GLP-I.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
18346892-1	2008	A novel series of non-covalent, benzimidazole-based inhibitors of DPP-4 has been developed from a small fragment hit using structure-based drug design.	benzimidazole	32-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
18491437-1	2008	The gliptins, a new class of oral drugs for type 2 diabietes mellitus, lower blood glucose levels by a novel mechanism: ie, by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, thereby increasing the circulating levelsof incretins (gut hormones that can boost insulin levels).	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-171
18243000-2	2008	We previously reported that the introduction of fluorine to the 4-position of 2-cyanopyrrolidine enhanced the DPP-IV inhibitory effect.	Fluorine	48-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-116
18243000-2	2008	We previously reported that the introduction of fluorine to the 4-position of 2-cyanopyrrolidine enhanced the DPP-IV inhibitory effect.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	78-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-116
18243000-4	2008	We report the identification of a potent and stable DPP-IV inhibitor (TS-021) with a long-term persistent plasma drug concentration and a potent antihyperglycemic activity.	TS-021	70-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
18498926-0	2008	Sitagliptin phosphate: a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
18393107-0	2008	Alogliptin, a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-58
18393107-1	2008	Takeda San Diego Inc is developing alogliptin, a small-molecule, orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	35-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
18393107-1	2008	Takeda San Diego Inc is developing alogliptin, a small-molecule, orally available dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	35-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-113
18341596-1	2008	AIMS: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, with the alpha glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, in drug-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
18333888-0	2008	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor PHX1149 improves blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Blood Glucose	54-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
18333888-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control.	Metformin	75-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
17943180-3	2008	We show here that the inhibitors of DP IV-like activity, Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO(2))]-pyrrolidide, suppress proliferation in human skin fibroblasts and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts in vitro.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	57-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18333888-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control.	Metformin	88-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
18333888-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control.	Thiazolidinediones	105-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
18333888-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Addition of the DPP4 inhibitor PHX1149 to a stable regimen of metformin or metformin plus a glitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and improved blood glucose control.	Blood Glucose	180-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
17943180-3	2008	We show here that the inhibitors of DP IV-like activity, Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO(2))]-pyrrolidide, suppress proliferation in human skin fibroblasts and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts in vitro.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	88-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18319497-2	2008	SUMMARY: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels by preventing the activation of incretin hormones--glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
18630617-5	2008	Exenatide is a synthetic analogue GLP-1 which is resistant to enzymatic degradation by DPP IV.	Exenatide	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-93
18319497-2	2008	SUMMARY: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels by preventing the activation of incretin hormones--glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
18319497-2	2008	SUMMARY: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels by preventing the activation of incretin hormones--glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Glucagon	112-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
18319497-2	2008	SUMMARY: Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels by preventing the activation of incretin hormones--glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Glucagon	112-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
18319497-10	2008	CONCLUSION: Sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, offers a novel treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
18575047-3	2008	The function of the incretin system, which shows gradual failure in type 2 diabetes, can be restored by incretin mimetics or DPP-4 inhibitors, with subsequently an improve of glycaemic control without an increase of risk for hypoglycaemia, as long as not combined with glucose-lowering agents like sulfonylureas or insulin.	Glucose	269-276	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
18575047-3	2008	The function of the incretin system, which shows gradual failure in type 2 diabetes, can be restored by incretin mimetics or DPP-4 inhibitors, with subsequently an improve of glycaemic control without an increase of risk for hypoglycaemia, as long as not combined with glucose-lowering agents like sulfonylureas or insulin.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	298-311	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
17961192-2	2008	Vildagliptin is a new, potent, and selective inhibitor of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
18405788-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
18405788-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D).	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
18405788-20	2008	CONCLUSIONS: In these adult patients with T2D, alogliptin inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity and significantly decreased PPG levels.	alogliptin	47-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
18405789-0	2008	Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of single increasing doses of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor alogliptin in healthy male subjects.	alogliptin	120-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-109
18405789-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
18405789-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Alogliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	alogliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
18405789-10	2008	Across alogliptin doses, mean peak DPP-4 inhibition ranged from 93% to 99%, and mean inhibition at 24 hours after dosing ranged from 74% to 97%.	alogliptin	7-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
18405789-14	2008	CONCLUSION: In these healthy male subjects, alogliptin at single doses up to 800 mg inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity, increased active GLP-1, and was generally well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicity.	alogliptin	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
17939170-1	2008	A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in human plasma.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	163-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
18182122-0	2008	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: a review of recent clinical trials.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
17939170-0	2008	Sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	90-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
18182122-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of oral antihyperglycemic agents that enhance the body"s ability to regulate blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP).	Glucose	153-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
18182122-2	2008	There are numerous DPP-4 inhibitors in development with sitagliptin as the first approved agent for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	56-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
18182122-6	2008	FINDINGS: Sitagliptin, an oral, once-daily, and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor, has been evaluated in clinical trials as monotherapy, as add-on therapy, or as initial combination therapy with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	10-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
18182122-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a new class of oral antihyperglycemic agents that enhance the body"s ability to regulate blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP).	Glucose	153-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18042650-0	2008	Measurements of islet function and glucose metabolism with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	35-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
17933414-1	2008	Efficacy and tolerability of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, were assessed in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
18778585-6	2008	The new hypoglycemic agents, such as the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogues and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors which have a gluco-dependent insulinotropic effect, should normally reinforce our therapeutic armamentarium for achieving the glycemic targets that should include the three components of the glucose triad: HbA(1c), FPG, and PPG.	Glucose	308-315	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-105
18042650-0	2008	Measurements of islet function and glucose metabolism with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
18042650-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological inhibition with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin prolongs the action of endogenously secreted incretin hormones leading to improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
18042650-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological inhibition with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin prolongs the action of endogenously secreted incretin hormones leading to improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
18227430-0	2008	Involvement of DPP-IV catalytic residues in enzyme-saxagliptin complex formation.	saxagliptin	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-21
17944883-0	2008	Altered expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 and dipeptidyl peptidase IV in patients with HCV-related glucose intolerance.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17944883-3	2008	The aims of this study were to investigate the alterations in the expression of GLP-1 and DPPIV in HCV-associated glucose intolerance.	Glucose	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
17944883-10	2008	CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the altered expressions of GLP-1 and DPPIV in patients with HCV-associated glucose intolerance.	Glucose	103-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
17944883-11	2008	Since hepatic glycogen synthesis, a GLP-1 action, was impaired, the altered expressions of GLP-1 and DPPIV may be involved in the development of HCV-associated glucose intolerance.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
18227430-1	2008	The inhibition of DPP-IV by saxagliptin has been proposed to occur through formation of a covalent but reversible complex.	saxagliptin	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
18227430-2	2008	To evaluate further the mechanism of inhibition, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the DPP-IV:saxagliptin complex.	saxagliptin	105-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-104
18227430-4	2008	To investigate whether this serine addition is assisted by the catalytic His-Asp dyad, we generated two mutants of DPP-IV, S630A and H740Q, and assayed them for ability to bind inhibitor.	Serine	28-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
18227430-4	2008	To investigate whether this serine addition is assisted by the catalytic His-Asp dyad, we generated two mutants of DPP-IV, S630A and H740Q, and assayed them for ability to bind inhibitor.	Histidine	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
18227430-4	2008	To investigate whether this serine addition is assisted by the catalytic His-Asp dyad, we generated two mutants of DPP-IV, S630A and H740Q, and assayed them for ability to bind inhibitor.	Aspartic Acid	77-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
18227430-5	2008	DPP-IV H740Q bound saxagliptin with an approximately 1000-fold reduction in affinity relative to DPP-IV WT, while DPP-IV S630A showed no evidence for binding inhibitor.	h740q	7-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
18227430-5	2008	DPP-IV H740Q bound saxagliptin with an approximately 1000-fold reduction in affinity relative to DPP-IV WT, while DPP-IV S630A showed no evidence for binding inhibitor.	saxagliptin	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
18402245-10	2008	Fortunately, many GLP-1 agonists or analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors have been found or developed, such as exendin-4, exenatide, liraglutide, CJC1131, vidaliptin and P32/98.	Exenatide	105-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
18171434-5	2008	Thus we suggest that DPP-4 inhibitors or long-acting GLP-1 mimetics will be used as either first-line therapy or as an early addition to metformin.	Metformin	137-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-26
18372550-1	2008	Sitagliptin (Januvia) is the first selective antagonist of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme that degrades glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-80
18068977-0	2008	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) by atorvastatin.	Atorvastatin	50-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
18068977-0	2008	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) by atorvastatin.	Atorvastatin	50-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
18068977-2	2008	In this report, we show that the hypolipidemic agent atorvastatin is a competitive inhibitor of porcine DPP-IV in vitro, with K(i)=57.8+/-2.3 microM.	Atorvastatin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
18068977-3	2008	These results may have implications in the development of novel DPP-IV inhibitors based on the use of atorvastatin as a lead compound for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Atorvastatin	102-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
18941490-0	2008	Synthesis of (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile: a key intermediate for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	(2S)-1-(Chloroacetyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile	13-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
18089499-3	2008	Based on FCIP of 179 samples of peripheral blood, CD26 negativity was found in 59.3% of cases with Sezary syndrome (SS), 33.3% of mycosis fungoides (MF), 14.2% of benign dermatosis (BD), and no control cases.	fcip	9-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
18941490-3	2008	The synthesized pyrrolidine derivative was utilized to prepare DPP-IV inhibitor Vildagliptin.	pyrrolidine	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
18941490-3	2008	The synthesized pyrrolidine derivative was utilized to prepare DPP-IV inhibitor Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	80-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
17962025-0	2008	Discovery of long-acting N-(cyanomethyl)-N-alkyl-L-prolinamide inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	n-(cyanomethyl)-n-alkyl-l-prolinamide	25-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-100
17962025-2	2008	Based on this information, a series of P1 (N-alkyl)aminoacetonitrile analogs 9-20 possessing optimal P2 structure were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of DPP-IV.	p1 (n-alkyl)aminoacetonitrile	39-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-168
18020966-15	2008	Another novel agent, naturally resistant to DPPIV that is given by subcutaneous injection is a synthetic peptide called exenatide, has recently been approved for treatment of T2D in the USA.	Peptides	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
27056542-6	2008	Injectable formulations of DPP-4-resistant GLP-1-related peptides (incretin mimetics) that are now in clinical use (exenatide) or undergoing trials (e.g. liraglutide) have been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels and induce weight loss.	Exenatide	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
27056542-6	2008	Injectable formulations of DPP-4-resistant GLP-1-related peptides (incretin mimetics) that are now in clinical use (exenatide) or undergoing trials (e.g. liraglutide) have been shown to reduce fasting and postprandial glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels and induce weight loss.	Glucose	218-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
27056542-8	2008	Clinical trials have demonstrated that DPP-4 inhibitors are weight-neutral drugs that also effectively reduce plasma glucose and A1C levels.	Glucose	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
18020966-15	2008	Another novel agent, naturally resistant to DPPIV that is given by subcutaneous injection is a synthetic peptide called exenatide, has recently been approved for treatment of T2D in the USA.	Exenatide	120-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17904681-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) rapidly metabolizes hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide.	Amides	96-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-28
17904681-7	2008	DPP-IV activity was negatively correlated with both glucose (p&lt;0.01) and HbA(1c) (p&lt;0.01) in this population.	Glucose	52-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
18947259-12	2008	Clinical evidence suggests that the DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are particularly suitable for frail and debilitated elderly patients because of their excellent tolerability profiles.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
17909087-0	2008	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17909087-0	2008	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.	Glucose	136-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17909087-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-84
17909087-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, leading to improved postprandial glycemia in subjects with IFG, who are known to have beta-cell dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
18840004-12	2008	The DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin are generally weight neutral, with less marked gastrointestinal adverse effects than the GLP-1 receptor agonists.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	21-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
18840004-12	2008	The DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin are generally weight neutral, with less marked gastrointestinal adverse effects than the GLP-1 receptor agonists.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
18947259-12	2008	Clinical evidence suggests that the DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are particularly suitable for frail and debilitated elderly patients because of their excellent tolerability profiles.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18973400-1	2008	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that selectively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-105
18973400-1	2008	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that selectively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
30743780-4	2008	Sitagliptin, a once-daily, orally active, competitive and fully reversible inhibitor of DPP-4, was, as first in its class, introduced to the market as Januvia .	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
17981665-5	2008	DPP IV exhibits characteristics that have allowed the development of specific orally administered inhibitors with proven efficacy in improving glucose tolerance in animal models of diabetes.	Glucose	143-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17981665-6	2008	A number of clinical trials have demonstrated that DPP IV inhibitors are effective in improving glucose disposal and reducing hemoglobin A1c levels in type 2 diabetic patients and one inhibitor, sitagliptin, is now in therapeutic use, with others likely to receive FDA approval in the near future.	Glucose	96-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
17981665-6	2008	A number of clinical trials have demonstrated that DPP IV inhibitors are effective in improving glucose disposal and reducing hemoglobin A1c levels in type 2 diabetic patients and one inhibitor, sitagliptin, is now in therapeutic use, with others likely to receive FDA approval in the near future.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	195-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-57
17981714-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) represents a unique proteolytic activity cleaving N-terminal X-Pro dipeptides.	Dipeptides	100-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
17981714-1	2008	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) represents a unique proteolytic activity cleaving N-terminal X-Pro dipeptides.	Dipeptides	100-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
17981724-4	2008	In this study we show that loss of DPPIV occurs at RNA level and demethylating agent, 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-Cdr) treatment of DPPIV negative melanoma cell lines results in increase of DPPIV mRNA, protein, and enzyme activities.	Decitabine	86-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
17981724-4	2008	In this study we show that loss of DPPIV occurs at RNA level and demethylating agent, 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-Cdr) treatment of DPPIV negative melanoma cell lines results in increase of DPPIV mRNA, protein, and enzyme activities.	Decitabine	86-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
17981724-4	2008	In this study we show that loss of DPPIV occurs at RNA level and demethylating agent, 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-Cdr) treatment of DPPIV negative melanoma cell lines results in increase of DPPIV mRNA, protein, and enzyme activities.	Decitabine	86-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
17981724-5	2008	By using sodium bisulfite genomic DNA modifications, PCR, and sequencing we confirmed that DPPIV gene promoter is methylated in eight out of ten melanoma cell lines tested.	sodium bisulfite	9-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
17637510-4	2008	In addition, the effect of a recombinant Aspergillus fumigatus DPPIV (fuDPPIV) was investigated on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized rabbits.	Histamine	99-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
17949241-5	2008	The effect of DPP-IV on intracellular calcium mobilization mediated by SP and SDF-1alpha was monitored in suspension of wild type U373 and DPP-IV transfected U373DPPIV glioma cells using indicator FURA-2.	Calcium	38-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
17637510-9	2008	In conclusion, DPPIV activity modulates lower airway tone by degrading unknown peptidic substrates released by histamine in response to an allergen.	Histamine	111-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
19065992-6	2008	Sitagliptin, the first commercially available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, inhibits the metabolism and inactivation of the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
18827867-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), orally active, that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) primarily by enhancing pancreatic (alpha and beta) islet function.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
18827867-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), orally active, that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) primarily by enhancing pancreatic (alpha and beta) islet function.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
19065993-7	2008	The overall risk profile of DPP-4 inhibitors was low, however a 34% relative risk increase (95% confidence interval 10% to 64%, P = 0.004) was noted for all-cause infection associated with sitagliptin use.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	189-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
18561513-2	2008	Most clinical experience with DPP-4 inhibition is based on vildagliptin (GalvusR, Novartis) and sitagliptin (JanuviaR, Merck).	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
18561513-2	2008	Most clinical experience with DPP-4 inhibition is based on vildagliptin (GalvusR, Novartis) and sitagliptin (JanuviaR, Merck).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
18561513-7	2008	Both fasting and prandial glucose are reduced by DPP-4 inhibition in combination with metformin in association with improvement of insulin secretion and insulin resistance and increase in concentrations of active GLP-1.	Glucose	26-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
18052023-0	2007	8-(3-(R)-aminopiperidin-1-yl)-7-but-2-ynyl-3-methyl-1-(4-methyl-quinazolin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione (BI 1356), a highly potent, selective, long-acting, and orally bioavailable DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Linagliptin	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	191-196
18052023-1	2007	A new chemical class of potent DPP-4 inhibitors structurally derived from the xanthine scaffold for the treatment of type 2 diabetes has been discovered and evaluated.	Xanthine	78-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
18052023-2	2007	Systematic structural variations have led to 1 (BI 1356), a highly potent, selective, long-acting, and orally active DPP-4 inhibitor that shows considerable blood glucose lowering in different animal species.	Bismuth	48-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
18052023-2	2007	Systematic structural variations have led to 1 (BI 1356), a highly potent, selective, long-acting, and orally active DPP-4 inhibitor that shows considerable blood glucose lowering in different animal species.	Glucose	163-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
18054733-10	2007	DPP-4 inhibition is suggested to be a first-line treatment of type-2 diabetes, particularly in its early stages in combination with metformin.	Metformin	132-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
18201579-0	2007	Sitagliptin phosphate: a DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
17884461-5	2007	The drugs against these enzymes engage important enzyme functional groups, such as the active site serine in dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Serine	99-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-132
17931461-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
17931461-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
18640590-2	2008	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA(1c) (absolute values) by 0.5-1.1% (5 to 12%, relative values), with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
18640590-2	2008	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA(1c) (absolute values) by 0.5-1.1% (5 to 12%, relative values), with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
18640591-2	2008	This review tries to delineate how to insert the GLP-1 based agents, DPP4-inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) and GLP-1 analogues (exenatide and liraglutide), in the guidelines and the daily practice for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	102-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
18201579-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin phosphate, the first dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, provides a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
18201579-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin phosphate, the first dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, provides a new treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
18201579-6	2007	RESULTS: By inhibiting DPP-4, sitagliptin enhances postprandial levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leading to a rise in insulin release and decrease in glucagon secretion from pancreatic alpha-cells.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
17675255-2	2007	When a variety of tetrapeptidyl amide prodrugs of NAP-TSAO were synthesized and exposed to purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) as well as human and bovine sera, they are converted to the parent NAP-TSAO drug in two successive steps by both purified CD26 and human and bovine serum.	Amides	32-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	Metformin	30-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	41-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	tzds	59-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	Glucose	159-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18217246-3	2007	When used in combination with metformin, sulfonylureas, or TZDs, GLP-1 analogs such as exenatide and DPP-IV inhibitors such as sitagliptin reduce A1C, fasting glucose levels, and postprandial glucose levels with few additional adverse events.	Glucose	192-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
18632049-1	2007	Sitagliptin (brand name Januvia) the first of a new class of oral agents, the DPP4 inhibitors, which lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes has recently been launched in UK.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
18632049-2	2007	Another DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin is due to be launched soon, and there are several others in the pipeline.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
17675255-2	2007	When a variety of tetrapeptidyl amide prodrugs of NAP-TSAO were synthesized and exposed to purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) as well as human and bovine sera, they are converted to the parent NAP-TSAO drug in two successive steps by both purified CD26 and human and bovine serum.	nap-tsao	50-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
17675255-2	2007	When a variety of tetrapeptidyl amide prodrugs of NAP-TSAO were synthesized and exposed to purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) as well as human and bovine sera, they are converted to the parent NAP-TSAO drug in two successive steps by both purified CD26 and human and bovine serum.	nap-tsao	50-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
17675255-2	2007	When a variety of tetrapeptidyl amide prodrugs of NAP-TSAO were synthesized and exposed to purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) as well as human and bovine sera, they are converted to the parent NAP-TSAO drug in two successive steps by both purified CD26 and human and bovine serum.	nap-tsao	50-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
17675255-2	2007	When a variety of tetrapeptidyl amide prodrugs of NAP-TSAO were synthesized and exposed to purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) as well as human and bovine sera, they are converted to the parent NAP-TSAO drug in two successive steps by both purified CD26 and human and bovine serum.	nap-tsao	204-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
17992639-0	2007	Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	114-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
17846797-5	2007	Furthermore, the migratory potential of HPMCs is significantly enhanced in the presence of SDF-1alpha or DPPIV-specific inhibitor in the wound-healing assay.	hpmcs	40-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
17869513-0	2007	Imidazopiperidine amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes.	imidazopiperidine amides	0-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
17869513-1	2007	A series of substituted imidazopiperidine amides has been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4).	imidazopiperidine amides	24-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-122
17869513-1	2007	A series of substituted imidazopiperidine amides has been prepared and evaluated for inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4).	imidazopiperidine amides	24-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
17992639-1	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin processing to the improved meal-related B-cell function previously shown with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
17698900-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17698900-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion.	Glucose	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17698900-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by vildagliptin enhances the concentrations of the active form of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Proline	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
18174966-0	2007	Sitagliptin: profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (update).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
18174966-6	2007	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is orally active and has been shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical studies.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
18174966-8	2007	Like other DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose by glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
17822893-0	2007	(3R,4S)-4-(2,4,5-Trifluorophenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: synthesis, in vitro, in vivo, and X-ray crystallographic characterization.	(3r,4s)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamine	0-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
17822893-1	2007	A series of pyrrolidine based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV were developed from a high throughput screening hit for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	pyrrolidine	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-67
18007554-9	2007	The urinary DPPIV activity was similar in patients (1.52 +/- 0.94 U/mmol creatinine) and controls (1.37 +/- 0.68 U/mmol creatinine) (p = 0.861).	Creatinine	73-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
17786309-2	2007	Through its well-characterized functionality in regulating the activity of bioactive peptides by removal of the N-terminal dipeptide, DPP-IV activity may have profound effects upon metastatic potential and cell growth.	Dipeptides	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
17987221-1	2007	Sitagliptin, a novel orally-active dipeptidyl-peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor has been introduced into type 2 diabetes therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Proline	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
17676345-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) deactivates the incretin hormones GLP-1 and GIP by cleaving the penultimate proline or alanine from the N-terminal (P1-position) of the peptide.	Alanine	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
18084670-4	2007	Oral inhibitors of DPP-4 increase GLP-1 levels and this leads to lower glucose levels caused by increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon levels.	Glucose	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
18084670-4	2007	Oral inhibitors of DPP-4 increase GLP-1 levels and this leads to lower glucose levels caused by increased insulin secretion and decreased glucagon levels.	Glucagon	138-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
18072437-0	2007	[Incretin strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus--the DPP-IV inhibitor sitagliptin].	Sitagliptin Phosphate	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-75
17850590-1	2007	The effect of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment on the CD26 density on circulating monocytes and CD4(+) T lymphocytes or levels of soluble CD26 (sCD26) has not yet been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Methotrexate	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
17850590-1	2007	The effect of low-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment on the CD26 density on circulating monocytes and CD4(+) T lymphocytes or levels of soluble CD26 (sCD26) has not yet been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).	Methotrexate	37-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
17850590-5	2007	CD26 density on monocytes was increased in RA patients compared with healthy controls before MTX treatment (P &lt; 0.01).	Methotrexate	93-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
17850590-6	2007	After 12 weeks of MTX treatment, the CD26 density on monocytes decreased significantly in the ACR-50% group (P = 0.03), but not in the ACR-20% and the non-responder group (P = 0.15 and 0.87).	Methotrexate	18-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
17850590-11	2007	MTX treatment decreased CD26 density on monocytes in the ACR-50% responder group and was associated with decreased disease activity.	Methotrexate	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
18072437-1	2007	Sitagliptin, distributed under the brand name of Januvia, has been the first and so far the only dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor introduced in clinical practice.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-120
18072437-1	2007	Sitagliptin, distributed under the brand name of Januvia, has been the first and so far the only dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor introduced in clinical practice.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
17575559-0	2007	Absolute bioavailability of sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	28-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-71
17575559-1	2007	The purpose of this study was to determine the absolute bioavailability of sitagliptin, an orally active, potent and highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	75-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-156
17877545-0	2007	The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin: robust glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and beyond.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
17593236-0	2007	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on glimepiride alone or on glimepiride and metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
17593236-1	2007	AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of a 24-week treatment with sitagliptin, a highly selective once-daily oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control [glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) &gt;or=7.5% and &lt;or=10.5%] while on glimepiride alone or in combination with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
17593236-1	2007	AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of a 24-week treatment with sitagliptin, a highly selective once-daily oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control [glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) &gt;or=7.5% and &lt;or=10.5%] while on glimepiride alone or in combination with metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	67-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	174-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	174-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
17877545-7	2007	The overall profile of vildagliptin and the preliminary evidence of beneficial effects in the prediabetic state suggest that DPP-4 inhibition could be an effective strategy to prevent or delay progression from the prediabetic state to overt T2DM.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
23496127-4	2007	Interesting examples of 8-heterocyclyl-xanthines as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors and liver X receptor agonists have been claimed for their possible therapeutic use in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis.	8-heterocyclyl-xanthines	24-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
17571284-0	2007	Dose-proportionality of a final market image sitagliptin formulation, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
17571284-1	2007	Sitagliptin is a highly selective orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor recently approved in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
30736119-0	2007	DPP-4 inhibitors as a new target of action for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focus on vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	84-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30736119-3	2007	DPP-4 inhibitors delay the degradation of GLP-1, in turn extending the action of insulin and suppressing the release of glucagon.	Glucagon	120-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30736119-6	2007	The focus of the review is on one of the DPP-4 inhibitors, vildagliptin, since there is much recently published data on this drug.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
17656620-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that improves glycemic control by enhancing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
17656620-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that improves glycemic control by enhancing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	208-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
17656620-0	2007	Dose proportionality and the effect of food on vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
17593275-5	2007	Newer agents based on enhancing incretin activity, including the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics exenatide and liraglutide and the oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin, may offer particular advantages in elderly patients with diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	171-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
17618469-0	2007	3D-QSAR studies on fluoropyrrolidine amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors by CoMFA and CoMSIA.	fluoropyrrolidine amides	19-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
17618469-1	2007	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods were conducted on a series of fluoropyrrolidine amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) inhibitors.	fluoropyrrolidine amides	143-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	171-194
17618469-1	2007	Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analyses using CoMFA and CoMSIA methods were conducted on a series of fluoropyrrolidine amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) inhibitors.	fluoropyrrolidine amides	143-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-201
17618469-3	2007	Based on the binding conformations of these fluoropyrrolidine amides and their alignment inside the binding pocket of DP-IV, predictive 3D-QSAR models were established by CoMFA and CoMSIA analyses, which had conventional r2 and cross-validated coefficient values ([Formula: see text]) up to 0.982 and 0.555 for CoMFA and 0.953 and 0.613 for CoMSIA, respectively.	fluoropyrrolidine amides	44-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
17562364-1	2007	Substituted 3-aminopiperidines 3 were evaluated as DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-aminopiperidines	12-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
17593275-5	2007	Newer agents based on enhancing incretin activity, including the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics exenatide and liraglutide and the oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin, may offer particular advantages in elderly patients with diabetes.	Vildagliptin	187-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
17593276-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition prevents the rapid degradation of the incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
17593276-1	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition prevents the rapid degradation of the incretins, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
17593276-3	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral DPP-4 inhibitor that has been studied both as monotherapy and in combination with other antidiabetic treatments.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17593276-7	2007	These results suggest that vildagliptin, as a member of the novel class of DPP-4 inhibitors, has the potential to significantly change the clinical management of diabetes.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17655515-4	2007	Unlike conventional oral antidiabetic agents, these agents promote glucose homeostasis through inhibition of DPP-IV, the enzyme responsible for degradation of two key glucoregulatory hormones: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which extends the action of insulin while also suppressing the release of glucagon, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP).	Glucagon	193-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-115
17660482-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a novel antidiabetic agent that is an orally active, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, the enzyme responsible for degradation of the incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-127
17655515-6	2007	Clinical studies have evaluated the potential for DPP-IV inhibition to reduce glucagon levels, delay gastric emptying, and stimulate insulin release.	Glucagon	78-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
17655515-7	2007	The DPP-IV inhibitors appear to have excellent therapeutic potential in the management of type 2 diabetes as monotherapy or in combination with existing agents, such as metformin.	Metformin	169-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
17468348-0	2007	Effect of renal insufficiency on the pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
17559747-8	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with the new oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggests that these agents are weight-neutral, while providing improved glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17559747-8	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with the new oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggests that these agents are weight-neutral, while providing improved glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17559747-8	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with the new oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggests that these agents are weight-neutral, while providing improved glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Metformin	210-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17559747-10	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggest that these agents may represent an important oral treatment option for weight-neutral, glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17559747-10	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggest that these agents may represent an important oral treatment option for weight-neutral, glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17559747-10	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggest that these agents may represent an important oral treatment option for weight-neutral, glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Metformin	225-234	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17502141-0	2007	Modeling assisted rational design of novel, potent, and selective pyrrolopyrimidine DPP-4 inhibitors.	pyrrolopyrimidine	66-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
17486328-0	2007	The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
17486328-0	2007	The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
17486328-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17486328-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17486328-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	218-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17541529-4	2007	In April 2007, the first members of the GLP 1 analogues/incretin mimetics (exenatide, Byetta) and DPP 4 inhbitors (sitagliptin, Januvia) have become available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in Germany.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	115-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
17433672-0	2007	Rational design of a novel, potent, and orally bioavailable cyclohexylamine DPP-4 inhibitor by application of molecular modeling and X-ray crystallography of sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
17311291-3	2007	By lowering the extracellular calcium concentration to levels that prevent intercellular adhesion and epithelial polarization, our results reveal that differentiation is calcium-dependent and involves: (i) a process of cell cycle exit to G(0) and (ii) the induction of a transcriptional program of differentiation gene expression (i.e., mucins MUC1 and MUC5AC, and the apical membrane peptidase DPPIV).	Calcium	30-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	395-400
17311291-3	2007	By lowering the extracellular calcium concentration to levels that prevent intercellular adhesion and epithelial polarization, our results reveal that differentiation is calcium-dependent and involves: (i) a process of cell cycle exit to G(0) and (ii) the induction of a transcriptional program of differentiation gene expression (i.e., mucins MUC1 and MUC5AC, and the apical membrane peptidase DPPIV).	Calcium	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	395-400
17848846-7	2007	The oral DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin are efficacious both alone and in association with other oral anti-diabetic agents and may be administered in a single daily dose.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
17848846-7	2007	The oral DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin are efficacious both alone and in association with other oral anti-diabetic agents and may be administered in a single daily dose.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
17848846-7	2007	The oral DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin are efficacious both alone and in association with other oral anti-diabetic agents and may be administered in a single daily dose.	saxagliptin	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
17433672-2	2007	The X-ray crystal structure of sitagliptin bound to DPP-4 suggested that the central beta-amino butyl amide moiety could be replaced with a cyclohexylamine group.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17433672-2	2007	The X-ray crystal structure of sitagliptin bound to DPP-4 suggested that the central beta-amino butyl amide moiety could be replaced with a cyclohexylamine group.	beta-amino butyl amide	85-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17433672-2	2007	The X-ray crystal structure of sitagliptin bound to DPP-4 suggested that the central beta-amino butyl amide moiety could be replaced with a cyclohexylamine group.	Cyclohexylamines	140-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17434732-0	2007	Triazolopiperazine-amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: close analogs of JANUVIA (sitagliptin phosphate).	triazolopiperazine-amides	0-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
17434732-0	2007	Triazolopiperazine-amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: close analogs of JANUVIA (sitagliptin phosphate).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	82-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
17434732-0	2007	Triazolopiperazine-amides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: close analogs of JANUVIA (sitagliptin phosphate).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	91-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
17434732-1	2007	A series of beta-aminoamides bearing triazolopiperazines has been prepared and evaluated as potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	beta-aminoamides	12-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-148
17434732-1	2007	A series of beta-aminoamides bearing triazolopiperazines has been prepared and evaluated as potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	beta-aminoamides	12-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
17434732-1	2007	A series of beta-aminoamides bearing triazolopiperazines has been prepared and evaluated as potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	triazolopiperazines	37-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-148
17434732-1	2007	A series of beta-aminoamides bearing triazolopiperazines has been prepared and evaluated as potent, selective, orally active dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	triazolopiperazines	37-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
17563048-2	2007	SUMMARY: Vildagliptin is an agent in a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
17563048-2	2007	SUMMARY: Vildagliptin is an agent in a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-100
17563048-3	2007	By inhibiting DPP4, vildagliptin causes an increase in glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
17563048-5	2007	Vildagliptin has a halflife of about 90 minutes; however, &gt; or =50% of DPP4 inhibition continues for more than 10 hours, allowing for once- or twice-daily dosing.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
17559733-0	2007	Once-daily sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
17418568-1	2007	In a search for novel DPP-IV inhibitors, 2-aminobenzo[a]quinolizines were identified as submicromolar HTS hits.	2-aminobenzo[a]quinolizines	41-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-28
17418568-3	2007	The developed synthetic methodology and the SAR could be transferred to the 2-aminobenzo[a]quinolizine series, leading to highly active DPP-IV inhibitors.	2-aminobenzo[a]quinolizine	76-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-142
17387446-3	2007	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which improves glycaemic control by increasing pancreatic beta cell responsiveness to glucose and suppressing inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
17387446-3	2007	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which improves glycaemic control by increasing pancreatic beta cell responsiveness to glucose and suppressing inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Glucose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
17559733-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Sitagliptin, an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor was evaluated as once-daily monotherapy in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, dose-ranging study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
17559733-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Sitagliptin, an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor was evaluated as once-daily monotherapy in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, dose-ranging study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	11-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
17458948-0	2007	Synthesis and characterization of constrained peptidomimetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors: amino-lactam boroalanines.	amino-lactam boroalanines	97-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
17441705-0	2007	Discovery of alogliptin: a potent, selective, bioavailable, and efficacious inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	alogliptin	13-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
17441705-1	2007	Alogliptin is a potent, selective inhibitor of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
17441705-1	2007	Alogliptin is a potent, selective inhibitor of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4).	alogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
17441705-2	2007	Herein, we describe the structure-based design and optimization of alogliptin and related quinazolinone-based DPP-4 inhibitors.	alogliptin	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
17610364-1	2007	CD26, a surface serine dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) expressed on different cell types, cleaves the amino-terminal dipeptide from some chemokines, including stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12).	Dipeptides	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
17610364-1	2007	CD26, a surface serine dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) expressed on different cell types, cleaves the amino-terminal dipeptide from some chemokines, including stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12).	Dipeptides	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
17610364-1	2007	CD26, a surface serine dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) expressed on different cell types, cleaves the amino-terminal dipeptide from some chemokines, including stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12).	Dipeptides	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
17610364-5	2007	Pretreating purified CD34(+) human CB cells with Diprotin A, a DPPIV inhibitor, for 15 min significantly enhanced engraftment.	diprotin A	49-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
17610365-4	2007	We report here significant improvements in the engraftment of long-term repopulating cells following the treatment of either CD34(+) or lineage negative (lin()) donor CB with the CD26 inhibitor, Diprotin A, prior to transplant.	diprotin A	195-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-183
17610366-7	2007	Human marrow stromal cells also express CD26, raising the possibility that Diprotin A treatment could significantly enhance engraftment of HSCs in humans in settings of limiting graft dose just as we observed in the NOD/SCID mouse human xenograft model.	diprotin A	75-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
17441705-2	2007	Herein, we describe the structure-based design and optimization of alogliptin and related quinazolinone-based DPP-4 inhibitors.	Quinazolinones	90-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
17458948-1	2007	We describe here the epimerization-free synthesis and characterization of a new class of conformationally constrained lactam aminoboronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; E.C.	lactam aminoboronic acid	118-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-180
17458948-1	2007	We describe here the epimerization-free synthesis and characterization of a new class of conformationally constrained lactam aminoboronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV; E.C.	lactam aminoboronic acid	118-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-188
17458948-7	2007	However, this interesting reversal and the unexpected potency of the D-L lactams as DPP IV inhibitors can be understood in structural terms, which is explained and discussed here.	d-l lactams	69-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
17317162-0	2007	[(S)-gamma-(4-Aryl-1-piperazinyl)-l-prolyl]thiazolidines as a novel series of highly potent and long-lasting DPP-IV inhibitors.	(s)-gamma-(4-aryl-1-piperazinyl)-l-prolyl]thiazolidines	1-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-115
17492130-0	2007	Crystal structures of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV in its apo and diprotin B-complexed forms.	diprotin B	67-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
17492130-4	2007	Our high-resolution crystal structure of apo hDPPIV revealed the presence of sodium ion and glycerol molecules at the active site.	Sodium	77-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
17492130-4	2007	Our high-resolution crystal structure of apo hDPPIV revealed the presence of sodium ion and glycerol molecules at the active site.	Glycerol	92-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	119-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	119-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin B	119-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	241-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	241-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	241-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	253-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	253-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-5	2007	In order to elucidate the hDPPIV binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of hDPPIV-diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) complex at 2.1 A resolution, and clarified the difference in binding mode between diprotin B and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) into the active site of hDPPIV.	diprotin A	253-264	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
17492130-6	2007	Comparison between our crystal structures and the reported apo hDPPIV structures revealed that positively charged functional groups and conserved water molecules contributed to the interaction of ligands with hDPPIV.	Water	146-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
17492130-6	2007	Comparison between our crystal structures and the reported apo hDPPIV structures revealed that positively charged functional groups and conserved water molecules contributed to the interaction of ligands with hDPPIV.	Water	146-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-215
17456545-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To highlight the role of incretin hormones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor currently in development.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-155
17456545-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To highlight the role of incretin hormones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor currently in development.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-163
17456545-8	2007	Studies evaluating the use of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes found significant decreases in DPP IV and increased GLP-1 activity 45 minutes after dosing.	Vildagliptin	30-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-113
17456545-14	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin represents a safe and effective new approach to targeting GLP-1 deficiencies in patients with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting DPP IV.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-156
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	l-prolylthiazolidine	135-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	l-prolylthiazolidine	135-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	l-prolylthiazolidine	135-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-168
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	4-arylpiperazine	187-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	4-arylpiperazine	187-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	4-arylpiperazine	187-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-168
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	4-arylpiperidine	207-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	4-arylpiperidine	207-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	Proline	253-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
17317162-1	2007	In the search for an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) highly potent both in vitro and in vivo, we synthesized a series of L-prolylthiazolidine-based DPP-IV inhibitors having 4-arylpiperazine or 4-arylpiperidine at the gamma-position of the proline structure.	Proline	253-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
17317162-2	2007	Of these compounds, the 4-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)piperazine analog 21e showed a sub-nanomolar (IC(50)=0.92 nmol/L) DPP-IV inhibitory activity and a long-lasting in vivo DPP-IV inhibition profile.	4-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)piperazine	24-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
17317162-2	2007	Of these compounds, the 4-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)piperazine analog 21e showed a sub-nanomolar (IC(50)=0.92 nmol/L) DPP-IV inhibitory activity and a long-lasting in vivo DPP-IV inhibition profile.	4-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)piperazine	24-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-171
17303799-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether alterations in meal absorption and gastric emptying contribute to the mechanism by which inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) lower postprandial glucose concentrations.	Glucose	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-167
17519080-0	2007	Effect of the novel oral dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	208-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Glucose	208-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17392725-0	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: focus on sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
17392725-3	2007	This article focuses on the physiology, clinical pharmacology, tolerability, and clinical utility of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	121-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
17303799-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether alterations in meal absorption and gastric emptying contribute to the mechanism by which inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) lower postprandial glucose concentrations.	Glucose	195-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	169-174
16778789-6	2007	In the SZ95 sebocyte cell line, the DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide and the APN inhibitors actinonin and bestatin suppressed proliferation, enhanced terminal differentiation, and slightly decreased total neutral lipid production.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	53-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
16778789-6	2007	In the SZ95 sebocyte cell line, the DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide and the APN inhibitors actinonin and bestatin suppressed proliferation, enhanced terminal differentiation, and slightly decreased total neutral lipid production.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	82-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
17292611-1	2007	A series of (4-substituted prolyl)prolinenitriles were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV).	(4-substituted prolyl)prolinenitriles	12-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-120
17724014-9	2007	The glycemic profiles of patients after administration of incretin mimetics and DPP-IV inhibitors show improvement in postprandial glucose levels and ultimately in HbA(1c).	Glucose	131-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
17335773-3	2007	Sulfated colominic acid (SCA) inhibits HIV entry, the step which requires CXCR4 and CD26 as co-receptors.	colominic acid	9-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
17335773-3	2007	Sulfated colominic acid (SCA) inhibits HIV entry, the step which requires CXCR4 and CD26 as co-receptors.	sulfated colominic acid	25-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
17367123-0	2007	Discovery and structure-activity relationships of piperidinone- and piperidine-constrained phenethylamines as novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	2-piperidone	50-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-162
17367123-0	2007	Discovery and structure-activity relationships of piperidinone- and piperidine-constrained phenethylamines as novel, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	piperidine-constrained phenethylamines	68-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-162
17367123-3	2007	Starting from a high-throughput screening hit, we were able to identify a series of piperidinone- and piperidine-constrained phenethylamines as novel DPP4 inhibitors.	piperidinone- and piperidine-constrained phenethylamines	84-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-154
17292611-1	2007	A series of (4-substituted prolyl)prolinenitriles were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV).	(4-substituted prolyl)prolinenitriles	12-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
17293118-1	2007	A series of 5beta-methylprolyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine analogs were synthesized and evaluated as DPP-IV inhibitors, and the duration of their ex vivo activity was assessed.	5beta-methylprolyl-2-cyanopyrrolidine	12-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
17458184-0	2007	Drug evaluation: PSN-9301, a short-acting inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	psn-9301	17-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-78
17407650-11	2007	Incretin mimetics and DPP-4 inhibitors have been shown to improve glucose tolerance and may also hold the potential for improving overall pancreatic islet health.	Glucose	66-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
17458184-1	2007	(OSI) Prosidion is developing PSN-9301, a rationally designed dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor acquired from Probiodrug AG, as a potential oral treatment for type 2 diabetes.	psn-9301	30-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
17940427-2	2007	RECENT FINDINGS: Oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors improve islet function by increasing alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose, resulting in improved glucose-dependent insulin secretion and reduced inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Glucose	136-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
17220239-0	2007	Metabolism and excretion of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor [14C]sitagliptin in humans.	Carbon-14	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
17220239-0	2007	Metabolism and excretion of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor [14C]sitagliptin in humans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
17220239-1	2007	The metabolism and excretion of [(14)C]sitagliptin, an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, were investigated in humans after a single oral dose of 83 mg/193 muCi.	[(14)c]sitagliptin	32-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
17277036-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, added to metformin during 24 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-102
17353295-21	2007	In preclinical studies, oral active DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) also promoted beta-cell proliferation, neogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis in rodents.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
17353295-21	2007	In preclinical studies, oral active DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) also promoted beta-cell proliferation, neogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis in rodents.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
17371200-0	2007	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition with sitagliptin: a new therapy for type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
17371200-1	2007	Sitagliptin is a once-daily, orally active, competitive and fully reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, the enzyme that is responsible for the rapid degradation of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
17244786-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses endogenous glucose production and enhances islet function after single-dose administration in type 2 diabetic patients.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
17244786-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses endogenous glucose production and enhances islet function after single-dose administration in type 2 diabetic patients.	Glucose	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
17244786-1	2007	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vildagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor that augments meal-stimulated levels of biologically active glucagon-like peptide-1.	Vildagliptin	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
17331576-3	2007	Recently, we found that dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a membrane-bound cell surface peptidase that can degrade chemokines, including RANTES, was expressed on EVT that had already ceased invasion.	EVT	153-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-47
17174090-2	2007	Several N-acyl-Gly- and N-blocked-boroPro compounds showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and selectivity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	n-acyl-gly- and n-blocked-boropro compounds	8-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	193-215
17566392-7	2007	We here briefly describe the main two proposed approaches : ether to subcutaneously inject an incretinomimetic agent closed to GLP-1 (exenatide) or a long-acting GLP-1 analogue (liraglutide), both being partially resistant to the action of dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV), either to orally administer a selective DPP-IV inhibitor, an enzyme metabolising endogenous GLP-1 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, ....	Ether	60-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	240-262
17566392-7	2007	We here briefly describe the main two proposed approaches : ether to subcutaneously inject an incretinomimetic agent closed to GLP-1 (exenatide) or a long-acting GLP-1 analogue (liraglutide), both being partially resistant to the action of dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV), either to orally administer a selective DPP-IV inhibitor, an enzyme metabolising endogenous GLP-1 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, ....	Ether	60-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	264-270
17566392-7	2007	We here briefly describe the main two proposed approaches : ether to subcutaneously inject an incretinomimetic agent closed to GLP-1 (exenatide) or a long-acting GLP-1 analogue (liraglutide), both being partially resistant to the action of dipeptidylpeptidase-IV (DPP-IV), either to orally administer a selective DPP-IV inhibitor, an enzyme metabolising endogenous GLP-1 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, ....	Ether	60-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	313-319
17174090-2	2007	Several N-acyl-Gly- and N-blocked-boroPro compounds showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) and selectivity against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	n-acyl-gly- and n-blocked-boropro compounds	8-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	217-221
17226747-7	2007	An elongated cavity (CD28) or a double parallel strand in different specific representations are the dominating motifs in the LR-CDs studied: with loops at the two ends (CD25, CD28, CD29), with a loop at one end (CD25), twisted (CD26, CD27) or twisted with an open portion in the middle (CD24), helical (CD24, CD25), or linking two loops from one of their sides (CD27).	Lawrencium	126-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-233
17226747-7	2007	An elongated cavity (CD28) or a double parallel strand in different specific representations are the dominating motifs in the LR-CDs studied: with loops at the two ends (CD25, CD28, CD29), with a loop at one end (CD25), twisted (CD26, CD27) or twisted with an open portion in the middle (CD24), helical (CD24, CD25), or linking two loops from one of their sides (CD27).	Cadmium	129-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	229-233
17226747-8	2007	Two loops connected by an arc (CD28, CD29) and a cavity with the shape of an extended rectangular (CD24, CD28) appear preferentially during the conformational interconversions of the two larger CDs, whereas helical motifs are present in the smaller macrorings: an extended helix with ends linked by an arc (CD24), helical turn and helical portion (CD26, CD27).	Cadmium	194-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	348-352
17263764-9	2007	The DPP-IV resistant analogue, exenatide, has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and selective DPP-IV inhibitors are underdevelopment.	Exenatide	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
17263764-9	2007	The DPP-IV resistant analogue, exenatide, has Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes and selective DPP-IV inhibitors are underdevelopment.	Exenatide	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-147
17300594-1	2007	AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on 24-h glucose control when added to the regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin therapy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
17300591-3	2007	These drugs reversibly block DPP-IV-mediated inactivation of incretin hormones, for example, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and also other peptides that have alanine or proline as the penultimate N-terminal amino acid.	Alanine	159-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
17300591-3	2007	These drugs reversibly block DPP-IV-mediated inactivation of incretin hormones, for example, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and also other peptides that have alanine or proline as the penultimate N-terminal amino acid.	Proline	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
17300591-5	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin have been shown to be highly effective antihyperglycaemic agents that augment insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion via glucose-dependent mechanisms.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17300591-5	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin have been shown to be highly effective antihyperglycaemic agents that augment insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion via glucose-dependent mechanisms.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17300594-1	2007	AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on 24-h glucose control when added to the regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycaemic control on metformin therapy.	Glucose	112-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-92
17300591-5	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin have been shown to be highly effective antihyperglycaemic agents that augment insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion via glucose-dependent mechanisms.	Glucose	185-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17300592-1	2007	AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in combination with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
17300595-0	2007	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, compared with the sulfonylurea, glipizide, in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin alone: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority trial.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
17300594-0	2007	Effect of adding sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, to metformin on 24-h glycaemic control and beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	17-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
17244766-1	2007	Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is an incretin enhancer that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
17379930-11	2007	Clinical studies with the oral DPPIV inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin show promising results, but are only published as abstracts at scientific meetings.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
17244767-0	2007	Effect of a single cyclosporine dose on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of sitagliptin (MK-0431), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, in healthy male subjects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-123
17244767-1	2007	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an orally active, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
17244767-1	2007	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an orally active, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
17258152-1	2007	BACKGROUND: CD26/DPP IV is a T-cell-membrane protein that cleaves dipeptides from extracellular peptides.	Dipeptides	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
17258152-1	2007	BACKGROUND: CD26/DPP IV is a T-cell-membrane protein that cleaves dipeptides from extracellular peptides.	Dipeptides	66-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-23
17379930-11	2007	Clinical studies with the oral DPPIV inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin show promising results, but are only published as abstracts at scientific meetings.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
17270095-5	2007	The enzymatic activity of DPP IV and APN in tonsillar lymphocytes and serum was determined kinetically at 37 degrees C using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (for DPP IV) and Ala-p-nitroanilide (for APN) as chromogenic substrates.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	125-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17113301-0	2007	Lead optimization of [(S)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine focused on gamma-substituent: Indoline compounds as potent DPP-IV inhibitors.	(s)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine	22-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
17113301-0	2007	Lead optimization of [(S)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine focused on gamma-substituent: Indoline compounds as potent DPP-IV inhibitors.	indoline	93-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
17113301-2	2007	A series of [(S)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine compounds in which the electrophilic nitrile is removed are chemically stable DPP-IV inhibitors.	[(s)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine	12-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
17113301-2	2007	A series of [(S)-gamma-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine compounds in which the electrophilic nitrile is removed are chemically stable DPP-IV inhibitors.	Nitriles	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
17113301-3	2007	To discover a structure for the gamma-substituent of the proline moiety more suitable for interacting with the S(2) pocket of DPP-IV, optimization focused on the gamma-substituent was carried out.	Proline	57-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
17113301-4	2007	The indoline compound 22e showed a DPP-IV-inhibitory activity 100-fold more potent than that of the prolylthiazolidine 10 and comparable to that of NVP-DPP728.	indoline	4-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-41
17113301-6	2007	Indoline compounds such as 22e have a rigid conformation with double restriction of the aromatic moiety by proline and indoline structures to promote interaction with the binding site in the S(2) pocket of DPP-IV.	indoline	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-212
17113301-6	2007	Indoline compounds such as 22e have a rigid conformation with double restriction of the aromatic moiety by proline and indoline structures to promote interaction with the binding site in the S(2) pocket of DPP-IV.	Proline	107-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-212
17113301-6	2007	Indoline compounds such as 22e have a rigid conformation with double restriction of the aromatic moiety by proline and indoline structures to promote interaction with the binding site in the S(2) pocket of DPP-IV.	indoline	119-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	206-212
17190843-9	2007	Clinical studies to date indicate that DPP-4 inhibitors effectively stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucagon	106-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
17190843-9	2007	Clinical studies to date indicate that DPP-4 inhibitors effectively stimulate insulin secretion, suppress glucagon release, and improve glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	136-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
17270095-5	2007	The enzymatic activity of DPP IV and APN in tonsillar lymphocytes and serum was determined kinetically at 37 degrees C using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide (for DPP IV) and Ala-p-nitroanilide (for APN) as chromogenic substrates.	ala-p-nitroanilide	165-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
17713976-0	2007	The absolute oral bioavailability and population-based pharmacokinetic modelling of a novel dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	126-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
17713976-1	2007	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-IV being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
17352676-6	2007	DPP-IV exhibits characteristics that have allowed the development of specific inhibitors with proven efficacy in improving glucose tolerance in animal models of diabetes and type 2 diabetic patients.	Glucose	123-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-0	2007	Aromatic heterocycle-based DPP-IV inhibitors: xanthines and related structural types.	Xanthines	46-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-33
17352678-1	2007	Xanthines and xanthine-like DPP-IV inhibitors were first disclosed in 2002.	Xanthine	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
17352678-2	2007	Since then, several dozen accounts of xanthine-based DPP-IV inhibitors have been published.	Xanthine	38-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Xanthines	33-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	purine	51-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Nitrogen	99-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Imidazoles	137-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Uracil	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Pyrimidines	158-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Pyridines	171-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-4	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors related to the xanthines include purine analogues with other arrangements of the nitrogen atoms in the core structure, imidazoles, uracils, pyrimidines, pyridines, and some fused pyridines.	Pyridines	197-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352678-5	2007	At least one compound derived from the xanthines has advanced into clinical trials, making it likely that these molecules will play a major role in the DPP-IV inhibition arena over the next several years.	Xanthines	39-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-158
17352679-0	2007	11 Years of cyanopyrrolidines as DPP-IV inhibitors.	cyanopyrrolidines	12-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-39
17352679-1	2007	Cyanopyrrolidines (cyanopyrrolidides, pyrrolidine-2-nitriles, prolinenitriles) as inhibitors of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, DP IV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) were first reported in 1995.	cyanopyrrolidines	0-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-147
17352679-1	2007	Cyanopyrrolidines (cyanopyrrolidides, pyrrolidine-2-nitriles, prolinenitriles) as inhibitors of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, DP IV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) were first reported in 1995.	cyanopyrrolidines	0-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
17352679-1	2007	Cyanopyrrolidines (cyanopyrrolidides, pyrrolidine-2-nitriles, prolinenitriles) as inhibitors of the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, DP IV, CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) were first reported in 1995.	dp	141-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
17352679-5	2007	Today cyanopyrrolidines are, as judged by the numbers of patent applications, the most prominent of several series of DPP-IV inhibitors, and have the potential to become valuable medicines for type 2 diabetes in the near future.	cyanopyrrolidines	6-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-124
17352680-0	2007	Azetidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	azetidine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
17352680-0	2007	Azetidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	azetidine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
17352680-1	2007	The structure-activity relationships of azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors will be discussed in detail in the following review.	azetidine	40-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
17352680-2	2007	The azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors can be divided into three main subtypes, the 2-cyanoazetidines, 3-fluoroazetidines and 2-ketoazetidines.	azetidine	4-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
17352680-2	2007	The azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors can be divided into three main subtypes, the 2-cyanoazetidines, 3-fluoroazetidines and 2-ketoazetidines.	2-cyanoazetidines	83-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
17352680-2	2007	The azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors can be divided into three main subtypes, the 2-cyanoazetidines, 3-fluoroazetidines and 2-ketoazetidines.	3-fluoroazetidines	102-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
17352680-2	2007	The azetidine-based DPP IV inhibitors can be divided into three main subtypes, the 2-cyanoazetidines, 3-fluoroazetidines and 2-ketoazetidines.	2-ketoazetidines	125-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-26
17352680-6	2007	DPP IV inhibition is not sensitive to stereochemistry at the 2-position as both 2-(R)- and 2-(S)-cyano and -keto azetidines display similar inhibitory potencies.	2-(r)- and 2-(s)-cyano and -keto azetidines	80-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17352682-2	2007	This review will mainly focus on proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidases related to DPP IV: fibroblast activation protein (FAP), dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (DPP8), dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) and dipeptidyl peptidase II (DPP II).	Proline	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
17315049-0	2007	Sitagliptin: Profile of a novel DPP-4 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
17596103-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
17596103-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
17596103-7	2007	Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 (&gt;90%) at all doses and demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the duration of inhibition.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
17596103-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
17352516-1	2007	Sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves glycaemic control by inhibiting DPP-4 inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
17315049-6	2007	Sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, is orally active and has been shown to be efficacious and safe in clinical studies.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
17352516-1	2007	Sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves glycaemic control by inhibiting DPP-4 inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-109
17315049-8	2007	Like other DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting and postprandial glucose by glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion and inhibition of glucagon secretion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
17352516-1	2007	Sitagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, improves glycaemic control by inhibiting DPP-4 inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
17068815-12	2007	The loss of key interactions in DP8 and DP9 as predicted from their models is consistent with the selectivity profile of the DP4 clinical candidate MK-431.	Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate	148-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-128
17156104-0	2007	Efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy over 12 weeks in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
17156104-1	2007	The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control on diet and exercise.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
17580730-1	2007	Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck Pharmaceuticals) is a dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) that has recently been approved for the therapy of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
17580730-1	2007	Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck Pharmaceuticals) is a dipeptidyl-peptidase inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor) that has recently been approved for the therapy of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
17040910-4	2006	Four conserved residues in the C-terminal loop of DPP8 (Phe(822), Val(833), Tyr(844), and His(859)), corresponding to those located at the dimer interface of DPP-IV, were individually mutated to Ala.	Histidine	90-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
17149884-3	2006	Here, the N-terminus of VPAC2P-PEG is modified by N-terminal acetylation to impart DPPIV resistance.	Polyethylene Glycols	31-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
17040910-4	2006	Four conserved residues in the C-terminal loop of DPP8 (Phe(822), Val(833), Tyr(844), and His(859)), corresponding to those located at the dimer interface of DPP-IV, were individually mutated to Ala.	Phenylalanine	56-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
17040910-4	2006	Four conserved residues in the C-terminal loop of DPP8 (Phe(822), Val(833), Tyr(844), and His(859)), corresponding to those located at the dimer interface of DPP-IV, were individually mutated to Ala.	Valine	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
17040910-4	2006	Four conserved residues in the C-terminal loop of DPP8 (Phe(822), Val(833), Tyr(844), and His(859)), corresponding to those located at the dimer interface of DPP-IV, were individually mutated to Ala.	Tyrosine	76-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
17149884-4	2006	The acetylated peptide, Ac-VPAC2P-PEG, is a selective and potent VPAC2 agonist, resistant to DPPIV proteolysis, and exhibits substantially improved half-life and glucose disposal in rodents.	ac-vpac2p-peg	24-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
17130196-0	2006	Effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin as monotherapy on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	47-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
17160910-3	2006	Inhibition of DPP IV prolongs and enhances the activity of endogenous GLP-1 and GIP, which serve as important prandial stimulators of insulin secretion and regulators of blood glucose control.	Glucose	176-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
17130197-0	2006	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin alone.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
17130197-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, added to ongoing metformin therapy, were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes who had inadequate glycemic control (HbA(1c) [A1C] &gt;or=7 and &lt;or=10%) with metformin alone.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
16980568-10	2006	Therefore, ER-319711 might be a potent, competitive, and selective DPP-IV inhibitor with an antihyperglycemic activity.	7-but-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one	11-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
17074015-0	2006	Changes of soluble CD26 and CD30 levels correlate with response to interferon plus ribavirin therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. BACKGROUND: Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is attributed to host cellular immune responses, in which T helper cells play a critical role.	Ribavirin	83-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
17098089-5	2006	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
16980568-0	2006	7-But-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one is a novel competitive and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV with an antihyperglycemic activity.	7-but-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one	0-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-154
16980568-1	2006	7-But-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one (ER-319711) is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitor discovered in our laboratories.	7-but-2-ynyl-9-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-6-piperazin-1-yl-7,9-dihydro-purin-8-one	0-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-133
16980568-3	2006	The trifluoroacetate salt form of ER-319711, ER-319711-15, inhibited human DPP-IV with an IC(50) value of 0.089 microM, whereas its IC(50) values toward human DPP8 and DPP9 were &gt;100 microM.	trifluoroacetate salt	4-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-81
17098089-5	2006	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
17073841-1	2006	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors enhance the body"s own ability to control blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretin hormones in the body.	Blood Glucose	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17073841-1	2006	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors enhance the body"s own ability to control blood glucose by increasing the active levels of incretin hormones in the body.	Blood Glucose	88-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
16919457-0	2006	Discovery of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable oxadiazole-based dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	Oxadiazoles	56-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-96
16912128-0	2006	Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
16912128-11	2006	RESULTS: Sitagliptin dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity over 24 h, enhanced active GLP-1 and GIP levels, increased insulin/C-peptide, decreased glucagon, and reduced glycemic excursion after OGTTs administered at 2 and 24 h after single oral 25- or 200-mg doses of sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
16912128-13	2006	CONCLUSIONS: In this study in patients with type 2 diabetes, near maximal glucose-lowering efficacy of sitagliptin after single oral doses was associated with inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity of 80% or greater, corresponding to a plasma sitagliptin concentration of 100 nm or greater, and an augmentation of active GLP-1 and GIP levels of 2-fold or higher after an OGTT.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	103-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-185
17034148-0	2006	Discovery of 2-[4-{ {2-(2S,5R)-2-cyano-5-ethynyl-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]amino]- 4-methyl-1-piperidinyl]-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid (ABT-279): a very potent, selective, effective, and well-tolerated inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, useful for the treatment of diabetes.	2-(4-((2-(2-cyano-5-ethynyl-1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-oxoethyl)amino)-4-methyl-1-piperidinyl)-4-pyridinecarboxylic acid	135-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-237
17034148-2	2006	Structure-activity studies of substitutions at the C5 position of the 2-cyanopyrrolidide warhead led to the discovery of potent inhibitors of DPP-IV that lack activity against DPP8 and DPP9.	2-cyanopyrrolidide	70-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-148
16919457-1	2006	A novel series of oxadiazole based amides have been shown to be potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	Oxadiazoles	18-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
16919457-1	2006	A novel series of oxadiazole based amides have been shown to be potent DPP-4 inhibitors.	Amides	35-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
17157112-0	2006	Efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing pioglitazone therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-49
17022853-0	2006	Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of metformin and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when co-administered in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	88-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
17022853-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: As part of the clinical development of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions with other antihyperglycemic agents used in managing patients with type 2 diabetes are being carefully evaluated.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-87
17157112-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin added to ongoing pioglitazone therapy were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)] &gt; or =7% and &lt; or =10%) while receiving a stable dose of pioglitazone.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
16816950-1	2006	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We assessed the effects of vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
16611738-0	2006	Adenosine downregulates DPPIV on HT-29 colon cancer cells by stimulating protein tyrosine phosphatase(s) and reducing ERK1/2 activity via a novel pathway.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
16611738-3	2006	We have recently shown that DPPIV can be downregulated from the cell surface of HT-29 colorectal carcinoma cells by adenosine, which is a metabolite that becomes concentrated in the extracellular fluid of hypoxic solid tumors.	Adenosine	116-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
16611738-5	2006	We report here that adenosine downregulation of DPPIV from the surface of HT-29 cells occurs independently of these classic receptor subtypes, and is mediated by a novel cell-surface mechanism that induces an increase in protein tyrosine phosphatase activity.	Adenosine	20-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
16611738-6	2006	The increase in protein tyrosine phosphatase activity leads to a decrease in the tyrosine phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase that in turn links to the decline in DPPIV mRNA and protein.	Tyrosine	24-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
16939389-2	2006	As an enzyme, DPP IV cleaves the N-terminal dipeptide from the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Dipeptides	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
16939389-7	2006	If long-term clinical trials confirm sustained and safe control of blood glucose, DPP IV inhibitors (known as "gliptins") may be expected to provide a new treatment modality for Type 2 diabetes.	Blood Glucose	67-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
16835316-3	2006	In the present study, we show that human peripheral blood monocytes express a DP IV-like enzyme activity, which could be inhibited completely by the synthetic DP IV inhibitor Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	175-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
16835316-3	2006	In the present study, we show that human peripheral blood monocytes express a DP IV-like enzyme activity, which could be inhibited completely by the synthetic DP IV inhibitor Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	175-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
16835316-7	2006	Attractin immunoprecipitates hydrolyzed Gly-Pro-pNA, indicating that monocyte-expressed attractin possesses DP IV-like activity.	Gly-Pro-pNA	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
16835316-8	2006	Inhibitor kinetic studies with purified human plasma attractin revealed that Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide not only inhibits DP IV but also attractin (50% inhibition concentration=8.45 x 10(-9) M).	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	77-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
16969429-0	2006	Vildagliptin: a novel DPP-4 inhibitor with pancreatic islet enhancement activity for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Dipeptides	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-217
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Dipeptides	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	219-225
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Dipeptides	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Amides	146-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-217
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Amides	146-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	219-225
16913724-1	2006	Here we describe a novel type of enzyme-based prodrug approach in which a dipeptide moiety is linked to a nonpeptidic therapeutic drug through an amide bond which is specifically cleaved by the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) enzyme activity present in plasma and on the surface of certain cells.	Amides	146-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
16913724-2	2006	DPP IV has high substrate selectivity for peptides with a proline (or an alanine) at the penultimate amino acid position at the N-terminus but tolerates a wide range of natural amino acids at the amino terminal end.	Proline	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
16913724-2	2006	DPP IV has high substrate selectivity for peptides with a proline (or an alanine) at the penultimate amino acid position at the N-terminus but tolerates a wide range of natural amino acids at the amino terminal end.	Alanine	73-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
16969429-5	2006	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active, highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor that enhances the antidiabetic actions of the incretins.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
16855072-0	2006	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of the oral DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin in middle-aged obese subjects.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
16855072-1	2006	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-79
16855072-5	2006	Sitagliptin treatment led to approximately 90% inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity, increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels by 2.7-fold (P &lt; .001), and decreased post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose excursion by 35% (P &lt; .050) compared to placebo.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
16855072-1	2006	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
16855072-1	2006	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-79
16855072-1	2006	Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
16861292-2	2006	In this study, we examined the involvement of ecto-adenosine deaminase, which can be anchored to CD26 on human gingival fibroblasts, in metabolizing adenosine generated by CD73, and thus attenuating adenosine receptor activation.	Adenosine	51-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
16855072-6	2006	In nondiabetic obese subjects, treatment with sitagliptin 200 mg bid was generally well tolerated without associated hypoglycemia and led to maximal inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity, increased active GLP-1, and reduced glycemic excursion.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	46-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-175
16769036-6	2006	The most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV and seprase was found to be Gly-ProP(OPh)2, which exhibited overall second-order rate constants of inactivation of 5.24 x 105 M-1 min-1 and 1.06 x 104 M-1 min-1 against DPP-IV and seprase, respectively.	gly-prop(oph)2	64-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-211
16769036-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and seprase belong to a small group of membrane-bound, proline-specific serine proteases, the serine integral membrane proteases (SIMPs).	Proline	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16678199-0	2006	Enalapril increases ischemia-induced endothelial progenitor cell mobilization through manipulation of the CD26 system.	Enalapril	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
16769036-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and seprase belong to a small group of membrane-bound, proline-specific serine proteases, the serine integral membrane proteases (SIMPs).	Proline	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
16769036-5	2006	Against this background, we now wish to report on the design, synthesis, and kinetic testing of a series of dipeptide proline diphenyl phosphonates, against DPP-IV and seprase.	dipeptide proline diphenyl phosphonates	108-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-163
16769036-6	2006	The most potent inhibitor of DPP-IV and seprase was found to be Gly-ProP(OPh)2, which exhibited overall second-order rate constants of inactivation of 5.24 x 105 M-1 min-1 and 1.06 x 104 M-1 min-1 against DPP-IV and seprase, respectively.	gly-prop(oph)2	64-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
16868220-0	2006	Sitagliptin: a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
16868220-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
16868220-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-127
16868220-5	2006	DATA SYNTHESIS: Sitagliptin is a potent, competitive, reversible inhibitor of the DPP-IV enzyme.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
16678199-3	2006	This study investigated the role of the CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) system in enalapril-modulated EPC mobilization.	Enalapril	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
16678199-3	2006	This study investigated the role of the CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) system in enalapril-modulated EPC mobilization.	Enalapril	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
16678199-3	2006	This study investigated the role of the CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) system in enalapril-modulated EPC mobilization.	Enalapril	87-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-75
16678199-9	2006	In the bone marrow, enalapril did not alter CD26+ cell numbers; however, it did amplify DPP IV activity.	Enalapril	20-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-94
16678199-10	2006	In the blood, through the anti-inflammatory effect, enalapril significantly decreased CD26+ cell numbers, leading to a decrease in total DPP IV activity.	Enalapril	52-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
16678199-10	2006	In the blood, through the anti-inflammatory effect, enalapril significantly decreased CD26+ cell numbers, leading to a decrease in total DPP IV activity.	Enalapril	52-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
16678199-14	2006	This study demonstrates that one of the pleiotropic effects of enalapril on the cardiovascular system involves the modulation of circulating EPC numbers via the CD26/DPP IV system, which may serve as a potential target for mobilizing EPCs for therapeutic purposes.	Enalapril	63-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-165
16678199-14	2006	This study demonstrates that one of the pleiotropic effects of enalapril on the cardiovascular system involves the modulation of circulating EPC numbers via the CD26/DPP IV system, which may serve as a potential target for mobilizing EPCs for therapeutic purposes.	Enalapril	63-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-172
16759103-1	2006	A series of beta-substituted biarylphenylalanine amides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-substituted biarylphenylalanine amides	12-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-127
16759103-1	2006	A series of beta-substituted biarylphenylalanine amides were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-substituted biarylphenylalanine amides	12-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
16823726-0	2006	Twelve-week monotherapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
16752891-4	2006	Homodimeric DPP-IV interacts extracellularly with adenosine deaminase, and this interaction is critical for adenosine signaling and T-cell proliferation.	Adenosine	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
16475979-6	2006	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidases IV, 8 and 9 using the well-known dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor valine pyrrolidide resulted in similar K(i) values, indicating that this inhibitor is non-selective for any of the three dipeptidyl peptidases.	valine-pyrrolidide	103-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
16823726-2	2006	This twelve-week randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the specific and potent oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (25 mg, bid, n=70) VS. placebo (bid, n=28) in previously diet-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	174-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-162
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
16722626-3	2006	1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models.	1-({[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine	0-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-151
16722626-3	2006	1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models.	1-({[1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine	0-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
16722626-3	2006	1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models.	,5-cis-dicarbonitrile	60-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-151
16722626-3	2006	1-({[1-(Hydroxymethyl)cyclopentyl]amino}acetyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-cis-dicarbonitrile (1c) is an achiral, slow-binding (time-dependent) inhibitor of DPP-IV that is selective for DPP-IV over other DPP isozymes and proline specific serine proteases, and which has oral bioavailability in preclinical species and in vivo efficacy in animal models.	,5-cis-dicarbonitrile	60-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-180
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	saxagliptin	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	saxagliptin	54-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza	58-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-201
16756746-3	2006	After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36).	Tyrosine	73-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
16756746-3	2006	After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36).	Tyrosine	73-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
16756746-3	2006	After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36).	Proline	82-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
16756746-3	2006	After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36).	Proline	82-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza	58-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	phenoxazonium perchlorate	120-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-201
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	phenoxazonium perchlorate	120-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza(a)phenoxazonium perchlorate	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-201
16517162-1	2006	A new far-red dual fluorogenic and chromogenic substrate, 5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza[a]phenoxazonium perchlorate (GPGP-2SBPO), was developed for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) sensing.	5-glycylprolylglycylprolyl-9-di-3-sulfonyl-propylaminobenza(a)phenoxazonium perchlorate	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
16687037-7	2006	After release, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; CD 26) cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine-proline residues forming PYY(3-36).	Tyrosine	78-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
16687037-7	2006	After release, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; CD 26) cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine-proline residues forming PYY(3-36).	Tyrosine	78-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
16687037-7	2006	After release, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; CD 26) cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine-proline residues forming PYY(3-36).	Proline	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
16687037-7	2006	After release, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV; CD 26) cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine-proline residues forming PYY(3-36).	Proline	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-46
16625820-0	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors can restore glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetics via incretin enhancement.	Glucose	47-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16263808-6	2006	Proteomic analysis with MALDI-TOF MS revealed an additional eight abundant membrane-associated proteins that redistributed out of the microvillus-enriched membrane during captopril treatment: megalin, myosin II-A, clathrin, aminopeptidase N, DPPIV, ezrin, moesin, and vacuolar H(+)-ATPase subunit beta(2).	Captopril	171-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	242-247
16625820-3	2006	This review describes the role of DPP-IV inhibitors as incretin enhancers in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients.	Glucose	95-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-40
16548792-0	2006	Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
16548792-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
16376544-1	2006	The co-crystal structure of beta-phenethylamine fragment inhibitor 5 bound to DPP-IV revealed that the phenyl ring occupied the proline pocket of the enzyme.	Proline	128-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
16376544-2	2006	This finding provided the basis for a general hypothesis of a reverse binding mode for beta-phenethylamine-based DPP-IV inhibitors.	phenethylamine	87-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
16376077-0	2006	Seco-prolinenitrile inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV define minimal pharmacophore requirements at P1.	seco-prolinenitrile	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
16376077-1	2006	A series of seco-prolinenitrile-containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of the N-terminal sequence-specific serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a promising new target for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	seco-prolinenitrile	12-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-172
16480718-4	2006	These substrate preferences allowed design of peptidyl-chloromethyl ketones that inhibited FAP, but not the related protease, dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	peptidyl-chloromethyl ketones	46-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-148
16376077-1	2006	A series of seco-prolinenitrile-containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of the N-terminal sequence-specific serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV, a promising new target for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Dipeptides	43-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-172
16376544-0	2006	The reversed binding of beta-phenethylamine inhibitors of DPP-IV: X-ray structures and properties of novel fragment and elaborated inhibitors.	phenethylamine	24-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
16376544-1	2006	The co-crystal structure of beta-phenethylamine fragment inhibitor 5 bound to DPP-IV revealed that the phenyl ring occupied the proline pocket of the enzyme.	phenethylamine	28-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
16321524-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a clinically validated target for type-2 diabetes and belongs to a family of peptidases with a quite unique post-proline cleavage specificity.	Proline	140-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16332437-0	2006	Discovery of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable pyridone-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.	Pyridones	56-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
16332437-1	2006	anti-Substituted beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors exhibiting excellent selectivity over both DPP8 and DPP9.	2-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid	17-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
16332437-1	2006	anti-Substituted beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors exhibiting excellent selectivity over both DPP8 and DPP9.	Amides	50-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
16236500-1	2006	The discovery, SAR, and X-ray crystal structure of novel biarylaminoacyl-(S)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines and biarylaminoacylthiazolidines as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are reported.	biarylaminoacyl-(s)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines	57-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-178
16257208-0	2006	Biocatalytic ammonolysis of (5S)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-ethyl ester: preparation of an intermediate to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor Saxagliptin.	(5s)-4,5-dihydro-1h-pyrrole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid	28-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-177
16257208-0	2006	Biocatalytic ammonolysis of (5S)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-ethyl ester: preparation of an intermediate to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor Saxagliptin.	-dimethylethyl)-5-ethyl ester	85-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-177
16364232-0	2006	Mechanism of Gly-Pro-pNA cleavage catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and its inhibition by saxagliptin (BMS-477118).	Gly-Pro-pNA	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
16364232-0	2006	Mechanism of Gly-Pro-pNA cleavage catalyzed by dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and its inhibition by saxagliptin (BMS-477118).	saxagliptin	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-70
16364232-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease with a signature Asp-His-Ser motif at the active site.	2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16364232-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease with a signature Asp-His-Ser motif at the active site.	2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
16364232-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease with a signature Asp-His-Ser motif at the active site.	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16364232-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a serine protease with a signature Asp-His-Ser motif at the active site.	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
16364232-2	2006	Our pH data suggest that Gly-Pro-pNA cleavage catalyzed by DPP-IV is facilitated by an ionization of a residue with a pK of 7.2 +/- 0.1.	Gly-Pro-pNA	25-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
16364232-7	2006	All of these data allowed us to better understand DPP-IV inhibition by saxagliptin (BMS-477118).	saxagliptin	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
17314201-0	2007	Transport of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin by human organic anion transporter 3, organic anion transporting polypeptide 4C1, and multidrug resistance P-glycoprotein.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	50-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
17314201-1	2007	Sitagliptin, a selective dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is excreted into the urine via active tubular secretion and glomerular filtration in humans.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
16330047-1	2006	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) is an alpha,beta-hydrolase-like serine exopeptidase, which removes dipeptides, preferentially with a C-terminal l-Pro residue, from the N terminus of longer peptide substrates.	Dipeptides	98-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16388667-0	2006	Proline-catalyzed, asymmetric mannich reactions in the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor.	Proline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
16388667-0	2006	Proline-catalyzed, asymmetric mannich reactions in the synthesis of a DPP-IV inhibitor.	mannich	30-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
16236500-1	2006	The discovery, SAR, and X-ray crystal structure of novel biarylaminoacyl-(S)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines and biarylaminoacylthiazolidines as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are reported.	biarylaminoacyl-(s)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines	57-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
16236500-1	2006	The discovery, SAR, and X-ray crystal structure of novel biarylaminoacyl-(S)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines and biarylaminoacylthiazolidines as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are reported.	biarylaminoacylthiazolidines	102-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-178
16236500-1	2006	The discovery, SAR, and X-ray crystal structure of novel biarylaminoacyl-(S)-2-cyano-pyrrolidines and biarylaminoacylthiazolidines as potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are reported.	biarylaminoacylthiazolidines	102-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	180-186
16490580-0	2006	Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy male volunteers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
16254193-2	2006	The objectives of this study were to investigate (a) whether BNP and other natriuretic peptides are truncated by dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26; EC 3.4.14.5) and (b) whether this truncation affects the susceptibility to cleavage by neutral endopeptidase (NEP; EC 3.4.24.11).	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	138-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-136
16490580-2	2006	Sitagliptin is an orally active and selective DPP-IV inhibitor currently in Phase III development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
16490580-17	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study in a select population of healthy male volunteers suggest that multiple oral doses of sitagliptin inhibited plasma DPP-IV activity and affected active GLP-1 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, without producing hypoglycemia.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	127-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
16242377-5	2006	In recent studies of 3-12 months duration in patients with type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors have proved efficacious, both as monotherapy and when given in combination with metformin.	Metformin	191-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-99
17100408-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is being evaluated in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
17100408-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is being evaluated in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
16442340-3	2006	DP IV exhibits characteristics that have allowed the development of specific inhibitors with proven efficacy in improving glucose tolerance in animal models of diabetes and type 2 human diabetics.	Glucose	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
16622717-3	2006	Recently, we demonstrated that CD26 binds caveolin-1 on antigen-presenting cell (APC), and that residues 201-211 of CD26 along with the serine catalytic site at residue 630, which constitute a pocket structure of CD26/DPPIV, contribute to binding to caveolin-1 scaffolding domain.	Serine	136-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	218-223
16338283-0	2005	Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in healthy subjects: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with single oral doses.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-93
16338283-6	2005	Single doses of sitagliptin markedly and dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-IV activity, with approximately 80% or greater inhibition of DPP-IV activity occurring at 50 mg or greater over a 12-hour period and at 100 mg or greater over a 24-hour period.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-81
16338283-6	2005	Single doses of sitagliptin markedly and dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-IV activity, with approximately 80% or greater inhibition of DPP-IV activity occurring at 50 mg or greater over a 12-hour period and at 100 mg or greater over a 24-hour period.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
16338283-10	2005	By inhibiting plasma DPP-IV activity, sitagliptin increases the postprandial rise in active glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations without causing hypoglycemia in normoglycemic healthy male volunteers.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	38-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
16219012-2	2005	This study was designed to establish a dose of the DPP-4-inhibitor vildagliptin (LAF237) that was effective in reducing HbA1c levels and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.	1-(((3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	81-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
16219012-0	2005	Improved glycaemic control with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes: vildagliptin (LAF237) dose response.	Vildagliptin	100-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
16219012-0	2005	Improved glycaemic control with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes: vildagliptin (LAF237) dose response.	1-(((3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	114-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
16219012-2	2005	This study was designed to establish a dose of the DPP-4-inhibitor vildagliptin (LAF237) that was effective in reducing HbA1c levels and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
16265688-3	2005	METHODS: DPP IV activity was measured in sera using Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide as substrate.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	52-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-15
16929363-8	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitors, currently in phase III clinical trials, stabilize the postprandial levels of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide and lower blood glucose in diabetic patients via inhibition of glucagon secretion and enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	Glucose	170-177	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16929363-8	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitors, currently in phase III clinical trials, stabilize the postprandial levels of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide and lower blood glucose in diabetic patients via inhibition of glucagon secretion and enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	Glucagon	217-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16929363-8	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitors, currently in phase III clinical trials, stabilize the postprandial levels of GLP-1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide and lower blood glucose in diabetic patients via inhibition of glucagon secretion and enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.	Glucose	255-262	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16084722-2	2005	Relative to boro-proline, boro-Nle as a P1 residue was shown able to significantly dial out DPP4, FAP, DPP8, and DPP9 activity.	boro-nle	26-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
16085416-0	2005	Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of N-alkyl Gly-boro-Pro inhibitors of DPP4, FAP, and DPP7.	n-alkyl gly-boro-pro	49-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
16085416-2	2005	In a series of N-cycloalkyl analogs, DPP4 and fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) optimally preferred N-cycloheptyl whereas DPP7 tolerated even larger cycloalkyl rings.	n-cycloheptyl	108-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
16094078-4	2005	DPIV activities were measured by glypro-p-nitroanalide hydrolysis.	glypro-p-nitroanalide	33-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
16050949-4	2005	In this study, we determined cell growth, insulin content, insulin accumulation and insulin secretory function of a insulin-secreting cell line cultured for 3 days with either GLP-1, GLP-1 plus the DPP IV inhibitor diprotin A (DPA) or stable N-acetyl-GLP-1.	diprotin A	215-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	198-204
16099790-0	2005	Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, improves intestinal function in short bowel syndrome patients.	teduglutide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
16099790-2	2005	Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant GLP-2 analogue, prolongs the intestinotrophic properties of GLP-2 in animal models.	teduglutide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
16169633-1	2005	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine serum dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) levels in a population of short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients, who had achieved intestinal adaptation.	Adenosine Monophosphate	12-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-91
16046120-0	2005	Diprolyl nitriles as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	diprolyl nitriles	0-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
16046120-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a multifunctional type II transmembrane serine peptidase which regulates various physiological processes, most notably plasma glucose homeostasis by cleaving peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16046120-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) is a multifunctional type II transmembrane serine peptidase which regulates various physiological processes, most notably plasma glucose homeostasis by cleaving peptide hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Glucose	160-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
16046120-3	2005	Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of substituted diprolyl nitriles are described, leading to the identification of compound 1 with a measured DPP4 K(i) of 3.6 nM.	diprolyl nitriles	74-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-171
15897020-3	2005	Recently, we found that two cell surface peptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and carboxypeptidase-M (CP-M,) are differentially expressed on EVTs.	evts	148-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
15978877-1	2005	The sole application of an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase DP IV (also DP 4, CD26, DPP-IV or DPP-4) to a mammal subsequently leading to improved glucose tolerance marks a major breakthrough in metabolic research bearing the potential of a new revolutionary diabetes therapy.	Glucose	151-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
15897020-3	2005	Recently, we found that two cell surface peptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) and carboxypeptidase-M (CP-M,) are differentially expressed on EVTs.	evts	148-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
15978877-1	2005	The sole application of an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase DP IV (also DP 4, CD26, DPP-IV or DPP-4) to a mammal subsequently leading to improved glucose tolerance marks a major breakthrough in metabolic research bearing the potential of a new revolutionary diabetes therapy.	Glucose	151-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
15978877-1	2005	The sole application of an inhibitor of the dipeptidyl peptidase DP IV (also DP 4, CD26, DPP-IV or DPP-4) to a mammal subsequently leading to improved glucose tolerance marks a major breakthrough in metabolic research bearing the potential of a new revolutionary diabetes therapy.	Glucose	151-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
15897020-4	2005	DPPIV expression was mainly observed on EVTs that had already ceased invasion.	evts	40-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
15897020-7	2005	In addition, a chemokine, RANTES, that is one of the substrates for DPPIV, enhanced invasion of EVTs isolated from primary villous explant culture and its receptor, CCR1, was specifically expressed on migrating EVTs toward maternal arteries.	evts	96-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
15897020-7	2005	In addition, a chemokine, RANTES, that is one of the substrates for DPPIV, enhanced invasion of EVTs isolated from primary villous explant culture and its receptor, CCR1, was specifically expressed on migrating EVTs toward maternal arteries.	evts	211-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
16125098-2	2005	The production of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) from the nonfluorescent (N)-Gly/Pro-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) substrates was used to evaluate the prolyl/glycyl-specific dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV)-like and prolyloligopeptidase (POP)-like activities of human cells.	protoporphyrin IX	30-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
16061680-6	2005	Moreover, our data showing that the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 dephosphorylates integrin beta1 and that binding of the anti-CD26 antibody 202.36 dephosphorylates both p38MAPK and integrin beta1 on Karpas 299, leading to loss of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, indicate that CD26 mediates cell adhesion through p38MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of integrin beta1.	SB 203580	54-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	285-289
16079547-0	2005	Pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	Pyrazolidine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
16079547-0	2005	Pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	heteroaryl urea	30-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
16079547-1	2005	In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Pyrazolidine	98-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
16079547-1	2005	In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Pyrazolidine	98-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	203-226
16079547-1	2005	In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Pyrazolidine	98-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
16079547-1	2005	In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	heteroaryl urea	128-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
16061680-6	2005	Moreover, our data showing that the p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 dephosphorylates integrin beta1 and that binding of the anti-CD26 antibody 202.36 dephosphorylates both p38MAPK and integrin beta1 on Karpas 299, leading to loss of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, indicate that CD26 mediates cell adhesion through p38MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of integrin beta1.	SB 203580	54-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
16125098-2	2005	The production of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) from the nonfluorescent (N)-Gly/Pro-5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) substrates was used to evaluate the prolyl/glycyl-specific dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV)-like and prolyloligopeptidase (POP)-like activities of human cells.	protoporphyrin IX	49-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
15886245-0	2005	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
16043735-0	2005	Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year.	Metformin	122-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
16043735-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves beta-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
16043735-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves beta-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity.	Metformin	94-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
16043735-0	2005	Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
15886245-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, increases levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
15907807-0	2005	Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).	Vildagliptin	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
15927466-0	2005	Glutamic acid analogues as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV and 8 inhibitors.	Glutamic Acid	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
15927466-1	2005	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine with P2-site 4-substituted glutamic acid derivatives and tested their activities against DPP-IV, DPP8, and DPP-II.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	104-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-66
29699222-3	2005	Recently, it was found that EVT that had already ceased their invasion, specifically expressed cluster of differentiation (CD9) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) on their cell surface.	EVT	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-155
29699222-3	2005	Recently, it was found that EVT that had already ceased their invasion, specifically expressed cluster of differentiation (CD9) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) on their cell surface.	EVT	28-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-162
29699222-7	2005	In vitro functional assay showed that CD9, DPPIV and RANTES are involved in the regulation for EVT invasion.	EVT	95-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
15907807-0	2005	Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).	Vildagliptin	84-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
15927466-1	2005	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine with P2-site 4-substituted glutamic acid derivatives and tested their activities against DPP-IV, DPP8, and DPP-II.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	104-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
15927466-1	2005	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine with P2-site 4-substituted glutamic acid derivatives and tested their activities against DPP-IV, DPP8, and DPP-II.	Glutamic Acid	150-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-66
17491680-13	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors; e.g. Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
15927466-1	2005	To find potent and selective inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), we synthesized a series of 2-cyanopyrrolidine with P2-site 4-substituted glutamic acid derivatives and tested their activities against DPP-IV, DPP8, and DPP-II.	Glutamic Acid	150-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
15927466-2	2005	Analogues that incorporated a bulky substituent at the first carbon position of benzylamine or isoquinoline showed over 30-fold selectivity for DPP-IV over both DPP8 and DPP-II.	Carbon	61-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-150
15927466-2	2005	Analogues that incorporated a bulky substituent at the first carbon position of benzylamine or isoquinoline showed over 30-fold selectivity for DPP-IV over both DPP8 and DPP-II.	benzylamine	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-150
15927466-2	2005	Analogues that incorporated a bulky substituent at the first carbon position of benzylamine or isoquinoline showed over 30-fold selectivity for DPP-IV over both DPP8 and DPP-II.	isoquinoline	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-150
15927466-3	2005	From structure-activity relationship studies, we speculate that the S2 site of DPP8 might be similar to that of DPP-IV, while DPP-IV inhibitor with N-substituted glycine in the P2 site and/or with a moiety involving in hydrophobic interaction with the side chain of Phe357 might provide a better selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8.	N-substituted Glycines	148-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
15927466-3	2005	From structure-activity relationship studies, we speculate that the S2 site of DPP8 might be similar to that of DPP-IV, while DPP-IV inhibitor with N-substituted glycine in the P2 site and/or with a moiety involving in hydrophobic interaction with the side chain of Phe357 might provide a better selectivity for DPP-IV over DPP8.	N-substituted Glycines	148-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-132
17491680-13	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors; e.g. Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
15908206-1	2005	anti-Substituted biaryl beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors that suffer from suboptimal selectivity and pharmacokinetics.	biaryl beta-methylphenylalanine	17-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
15908206-1	2005	anti-Substituted biaryl beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors that suffer from suboptimal selectivity and pharmacokinetics.	Amides	57-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-99
15780431-9	2005	The ubiquitous enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) cleaves N-terminally, removing a dipeptide and thereby inactivating both peptides, because the N-terminus is crucial for receptor binding.	Dipeptides	89-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-46
15780431-9	2005	The ubiquitous enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) cleaves N-terminally, removing a dipeptide and thereby inactivating both peptides, because the N-terminus is crucial for receptor binding.	Dipeptides	89-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
15863311-1	2005	anti-Substituted beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors exhibiting excellent selectivity over both DPP8 and DPP9.	2-amino-3-phenylbutanoic acid	17-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
15864535-2	2005	The present study was designed to assess the effect of high glucose on circulating DPP-IV activity in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	60-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15809306-4	2005	Known DPPIV dipeptides are cleaved by FAPalpha with an approximately 100-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency compared with DPPIV.	Dipeptides	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
15809306-6	2005	Comparison of the crystal structures of FAPalpha and DPPIV revealed one major difference in the vicinity of the Glu motif (Glu(203)-Glu(204) for FAPalpha; Glu(205)-Glu(206) for DPPIV) within the active site of the enzyme.	Glutamic Acid	112-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
15809306-6	2005	Comparison of the crystal structures of FAPalpha and DPPIV revealed one major difference in the vicinity of the Glu motif (Glu(203)-Glu(204) for FAPalpha; Glu(205)-Glu(206) for DPPIV) within the active site of the enzyme.	Glutamic Acid	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
15809306-6	2005	Comparison of the crystal structures of FAPalpha and DPPIV revealed one major difference in the vicinity of the Glu motif (Glu(203)-Glu(204) for FAPalpha; Glu(205)-Glu(206) for DPPIV) within the active site of the enzyme.	Glutamic Acid	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
15809306-6	2005	Comparison of the crystal structures of FAPalpha and DPPIV revealed one major difference in the vicinity of the Glu motif (Glu(203)-Glu(204) for FAPalpha; Glu(205)-Glu(206) for DPPIV) within the active site of the enzyme.	Glutamic Acid	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
15809306-6	2005	Comparison of the crystal structures of FAPalpha and DPPIV revealed one major difference in the vicinity of the Glu motif (Glu(203)-Glu(204) for FAPalpha; Glu(205)-Glu(206) for DPPIV) within the active site of the enzyme.	Glutamic Acid	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
15863311-1	2005	anti-Substituted beta-methylphenylalanine derived amides have been shown to be potent DPP-IV inhibitors exhibiting excellent selectivity over both DPP8 and DPP9.	Amides	50-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
15863311-3	2005	The most potent compound among these is 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole 44, which is a 3 nM DPP-IV inhibitor.	5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole	40-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15695814-4	2005	The interaction pattern of DPPIV with Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) is tighter than that with Tat-(1-9), in agreement with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 2 x 10(-6) and 250 x 10(-6) m, respectively.	Tryptophan	38-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
15842525-0	2005	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity by oral metformin in Type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	55-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
15842525-3	2005	We investigated the acute effects of metformin on DPP IV activity in Type 2 diabetes to elucidate inhibition of DPP IV as a possible mechanism of action.	Metformin	37-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
15842525-5	2005	RESULTS: Following metformin, DPP IV activity was suppressed compared with placebo (AUC0-6 h 3230+/-373 vs. 5764+/-504 nmol ml/l, respectively, P=0.001).	Metformin	19-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
15842525-7	2005	Metformin also concentration-dependently inhibited endogenous DPP IV activity in vitro in plasma from Type 2 diabetic subjects.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
15842525-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Oral metformin effectively inhibits DPP IV activity in Type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that the drug may have potential for future combination therapy with incretin hormones.	Metformin	17-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
15863294-0	2005	1-((S)-gamma-substituted prolyl)-(S)-2-cyanopyrrolidine as a novel series of highly potent DPP-IV inhibitors.	1-((s)-gamma-substituted prolyl)-(s)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	0-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
15863294-1	2005	1-(Gamma-substituted prolyl)-(S)-2-cyanopyrrolidines were designed based on the predicted binding mode of the known DPP-IV inhibitor NVP-DPP728 and evaluated for their inhibitory activity.	1-(gamma-substituted prolyl)-(s)-2-cyanopyrrolidines	0-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
15863294-1	2005	1-(Gamma-substituted prolyl)-(S)-2-cyanopyrrolidines were designed based on the predicted binding mode of the known DPP-IV inhibitor NVP-DPP728 and evaluated for their inhibitory activity.	1-(((2-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine	133-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
15695814-5	2005	Both peptides cannot be cleaved by DPPIV because the binding pockets of the N-terminal 2 residues are interchanged compared with natural substrates: the N-terminal methionine occupies the hydrophobic S1 pocket of DPPIV that normally accounts for substrate specificity by binding the penultimate residue.	Methionine	164-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
15770466-3	2005	DPP-IV inhibitors stabilise endogenous GLP-1 at physiological concentrations, and induce insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner; therefore, they do not demonstrate any hypoglycaemic effects.	Glucose	112-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15797249-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is a cell surface protease which plays an important role in glucose homeostasis through proteolytic inactivation of incretin hormones, primarily glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Glucose	84-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
15898349-1	2005	Merck &amp; Co is developing MK-431, the lead from a series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors that enhance endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 levels, for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.	merck &amp	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
15898349-1	2005	Merck &amp; Co is developing MK-431, the lead from a series of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors that enhance endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 levels, for the potential treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate	29-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
15819895-6	2005	We thus found that PepX was highly sensitive to valine-pyrrolidide with a KI of 9.3 microm, close to that reported in DPP-IV inhibition.	valine-pyrrolidide	48-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-124
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	Piperidines	228-239	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	fluoro-olefin	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	gly-psi	215-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	fluoro-olefin	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	n-substituted gly-psi	174-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	(2-cyano)pyrrolidines	258-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	n-substituted gly-psi	174-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
15681827-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, CD26), a protease-cleaving N-terminal X-Pro dipeptide from selected proteins including some chemokines, is expressed both as a soluble form in plasma and on the cell surface of various immune and nonimmune cell types.	Dipeptides	76-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
15771423-1	2005	The feasibility of the fluoro-olefin function as a peptidomimetic group in inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and II (DPP IV and DPP II) is investigated by evaluation of N-substituted Gly-Psi[CF=C]pyrrolidines, Gly-Psi[CF=C]piperidines, and Gly-Psi[CF=C](2-cyano)pyrrolidines.	gly-psi	188-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-120
15713382-0	2005	Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolidine derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) inhibitors.	Pyrazolidine	28-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-79
15713382-0	2005	Synthesis and evaluation of pyrazolidine derivatives as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV) inhibitors.	Pyrazolidine	28-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
15713382-1	2005	A new series of pyrazolidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Pyrazolidine	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
15713382-1	2005	A new series of pyrazolidine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Pyrazolidine	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
15728907-0	2005	Orally active antiviral tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycinamide is activated by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) before transport across the intestinal epithelium.	tripeptide K-26	24-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
15728907-0	2005	Orally active antiviral tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycinamide is activated by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) before transport across the intestinal epithelium.	tripeptide K-26	24-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
15728907-0	2005	Orally active antiviral tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycinamide is activated by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) before transport across the intestinal epithelium.	glycylprolylglycine amide	35-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
15728907-0	2005	Orally active antiviral tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycinamide is activated by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) before transport across the intestinal epithelium.	glycylprolylglycine amide	35-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	tripeptide K-26	31-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	tripeptide K-26	31-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-151
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	Amides	42-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	Amides	42-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-151
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	glycylproline	156-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	glycylproline	156-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-151
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	glycine amide	213-224	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-126
15728907-3	2005	The results show that when the tripeptide amide came into contact with the apical enterocyte membrane, it was degraded by CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase IV) to glycylproline and the antiretrovirally active metabolite glycinamide.	glycine amide	213-224	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-151
15728907-6	2005	In conclusion, the tripeptide GPG-amide acts as a prodrug that is activated by CD26 to release the orally active antiretroviral compound glycinamide.	tripeptide K-26	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
15728907-6	2005	In conclusion, the tripeptide GPG-amide acts as a prodrug that is activated by CD26 to release the orally active antiretroviral compound glycinamide.	gpg-amide	30-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
15728907-6	2005	In conclusion, the tripeptide GPG-amide acts as a prodrug that is activated by CD26 to release the orally active antiretroviral compound glycinamide.	glycine amide	137-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
15681827-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, CD26), a protease-cleaving N-terminal X-Pro dipeptide from selected proteins including some chemokines, is expressed both as a soluble form in plasma and on the cell surface of various immune and nonimmune cell types.	Dipeptides	76-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
15681827-1	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, CD26), a protease-cleaving N-terminal X-Pro dipeptide from selected proteins including some chemokines, is expressed both as a soluble form in plasma and on the cell surface of various immune and nonimmune cell types.	Dipeptides	76-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
15681827-3	2005	AIA induction led to reduced plasma DPPIV activity.	aia	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
15634008-1	2005	A novel series of beta-amino amides incorporating fused heterocycles, i.e., triazolopiperazines, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-amino amides	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-168
15653346-1	2005	The structure of sulphostin (1), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, is consisted of three key functional groups, including a characteristic amino(sulfoamino)phosphinyl group, on a piperidine ring.	piperidine	197-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
15653346-1	2005	The structure of sulphostin (1), a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, is consisted of three key functional groups, including a characteristic amino(sulfoamino)phosphinyl group, on a piperidine ring.	piperidine	197-207	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
15653346-3	2005	These results indicated that all of the functional groups on the piperidine ring were crucial to the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of sulphostin, and that the sulfonic acid group, which constructed the amino(sulfoamino)phosphinyl group, contributed to the stability of the compound.	sulphostin	131-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-107
15664838-5	2005	Isoindoline with a 1-(4,4"-difluor-benzhydryl)-piperazine group at the P2 site was observed to be a very potent DPP8 inhibitor, having an IC(50) value of 14nM with at least a 2500-fold selectivity over either DPP-IV or DPP-II.	2-(3-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-215
15664838-6	2005	From SAR results, we speculate that the S1 site of DPP8 may be larger than that of DPP-IV, which would allow the accommodation of larger C-terminal residues, such as isoquinoline or isoindoline.	isoquinoline	166-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15664838-6	2005	From SAR results, we speculate that the S1 site of DPP8 may be larger than that of DPP-IV, which would allow the accommodation of larger C-terminal residues, such as isoquinoline or isoindoline.	2-(3-hydroxypropyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione	182-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15671142-7	2005	In cultured STO donor cells, DPPIV and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were observed in small clusters; in contrast, mouse major histocompatibility complex class I H-2Kq, H-2Dq, and H-2Lq and class II I-Aq markers were undetectable in vitro before or after interferon gamma treatment.	i-aq	202-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
15634008-1	2005	A novel series of beta-amino amides incorporating fused heterocycles, i.e., triazolopiperazines, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	beta-amino amides	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-176
15634008-1	2005	A novel series of beta-amino amides incorporating fused heterocycles, i.e., triazolopiperazines, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	triazolopiperazines	76-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-168
15634008-1	2005	A novel series of beta-amino amides incorporating fused heterocycles, i.e., triazolopiperazines, were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	triazolopiperazines	76-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-176
15562200-0	2004	Twelve- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.	1-(((3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	70-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-59
16318402-13	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (e.g. vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also being studied.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16318402-13	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (e.g. vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also being studied.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	55-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16318402-13	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (e.g. vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also being studied.	saxagliptin	72-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
15448155-1	2004	DPP-IV is a prolyl dipeptidase, cleaving the peptide bond after the penultimate proline residue.	Proline	80-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15562200-0	2004	Twelve- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.	Metformin	80-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-59
15562200-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To assess the 12- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes continuing metformin treatment.	1-(((3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	91-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
15562200-1	2004	OBJECTIVE: To assess the 12- and 52-week efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor LAF237 versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes continuing metformin treatment.	Metformin	157-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
15476821-7	2004	Comparison of the active sites of DPPX and DPP-IV reveals loss of the catalytic serine residue but the presence of an additional serine near the "active" site.	Serine	80-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
15482928-1	2004	In this paper, the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of two classes of electrophile-based dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, the ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines, is discussed.	ketopyrrolidines	158-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-132
15482928-1	2004	In this paper, the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of two classes of electrophile-based dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, the ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines, is discussed.	ketopyrrolidines	158-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
15482928-1	2004	In this paper, the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of two classes of electrophile-based dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, the ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines, is discussed.	ketoazetidines	179-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-132
15482928-1	2004	In this paper, the synthesis and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of two classes of electrophile-based dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, the ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines, is discussed.	ketoazetidines	179-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
15482928-2	2004	The SAR of these series demonstrate that the 2-thiazole, 2-benzothiazole, and 2-pyridylketones are optimal S1" binding groups for potency against DPP IV.	2-thiazole	45-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
15482928-2	2004	The SAR of these series demonstrate that the 2-thiazole, 2-benzothiazole, and 2-pyridylketones are optimal S1" binding groups for potency against DPP IV.	2-benzothiazole	57-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
15482928-2	2004	The SAR of these series demonstrate that the 2-thiazole, 2-benzothiazole, and 2-pyridylketones are optimal S1" binding groups for potency against DPP IV.	2-pyridylketones	78-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
15482928-6	2004	In fact, certain stabilized ketoazetidines can maintain their in vitro potency and inhibit DPP IV in the plasma for up to 6h.	ketoazetidines	28-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
15655705-4	2004	DPP IV cleavage generates N-terminally truncated metabolites (GLP-1 (9-36) amide / (9-37) and GIP (3-42)), which are the major circulating forms.	Nitrogen	26-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15655705-4	2004	DPP IV cleavage generates N-terminally truncated metabolites (GLP-1 (9-36) amide / (9-37) and GIP (3-42)), which are the major circulating forms.	Amides	75-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
15482928-0	2004	Ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors.	ketopyrrolidines	0-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
15482928-0	2004	Ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors.	ketopyrrolidines	0-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
15482928-0	2004	Ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors.	ketoazetidines	21-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
15482928-0	2004	Ketopyrrolidines and ketoazetidines as potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors.	ketoazetidines	21-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
15476821-7	2004	Comparison of the active sites of DPPX and DPP-IV reveals loss of the catalytic serine residue but the presence of an additional serine near the "active" site.	Serine	129-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
15380217-1	2004	In-house screening of the Merck sample collection identified proline derived homophenylalanine 3 as a DPP-IV inhibitor with modest potency (DPP-IV IC50=1.9 microM).	Proline	61-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
15380217-1	2004	In-house screening of the Merck sample collection identified proline derived homophenylalanine 3 as a DPP-IV inhibitor with modest potency (DPP-IV IC50=1.9 microM).	Proline	61-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
15380217-1	2004	In-house screening of the Merck sample collection identified proline derived homophenylalanine 3 as a DPP-IV inhibitor with modest potency (DPP-IV IC50=1.9 microM).	2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid	77-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
15380217-1	2004	In-house screening of the Merck sample collection identified proline derived homophenylalanine 3 as a DPP-IV inhibitor with modest potency (DPP-IV IC50=1.9 microM).	2-amino-4-phenylbutyric acid	77-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
15292258-0	2004	Heparan sulfate/heparin oligosaccharides protect stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 against proteolysis induced by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Heparin	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-153
15292258-0	2004	Heparan sulfate/heparin oligosaccharides protect stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 against proteolysis induced by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Oligosaccharides	24-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-153
15292258-0	2004	Heparan sulfate/heparin oligosaccharides protect stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 against proteolysis induced by CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Heparitin Sulfate	0-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-153
15292258-4	2004	In particular, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that co-distributes with CXCR4 at the cell surface, mediates the selective removal of the N-terminal dipeptide of SDF-1.	Dipeptides	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-43
15292258-4	2004	In particular, CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that co-distributes with CXCR4 at the cell surface, mediates the selective removal of the N-terminal dipeptide of SDF-1.	Dipeptides	173-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
15292258-5	2004	We report here that heparin and HS specifically prevent the processing of SDF-1 by DPP IV expressed by Caco-2 cells.	Heparin	20-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15292258-5	2004	We report here that heparin and HS specifically prevent the processing of SDF-1 by DPP IV expressed by Caco-2 cells.	Heparitin Sulfate	32-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	tripeptide K-26	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
15213224-5	2004	Additionally, four glycosides linked to Asn229 of DPPIV bind to ADA.	Glycosides	19-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
15540901-7	2004	Analysis of genomic DNA and the CD26/DPPIV transcript showed that CD26- ATL cells possessed faintly detected transcripts of the gene that were aberrantly methylated at the CpG islands within the promoter region in parallel with the advancement of ATL, a finding supported by a rescue experiment for transcript reexpression using 5-azacytidine as demethylation agent.	Azacitidine	329-342	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
15540901-7	2004	Analysis of genomic DNA and the CD26/DPPIV transcript showed that CD26- ATL cells possessed faintly detected transcripts of the gene that were aberrantly methylated at the CpG islands within the promoter region in parallel with the advancement of ATL, a finding supported by a rescue experiment for transcript reexpression using 5-azacytidine as demethylation agent.	Azacitidine	329-342	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
15357972-0	2004	Synthesis and DP-IV inhibition of cyano-pyrazoline derivatives as potent anti-diabetic agents.	cyano-pyrazoline	34-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
15357972-1	2004	A new series of cyano-pyrazoline derivatives with secondary amine at P-2 site was synthesized through achiral and chiral synthetic methods and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	cyano-pyrazoline	16-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	182-205
15357972-1	2004	A new series of cyano-pyrazoline derivatives with secondary amine at P-2 site was synthesized through achiral and chiral synthetic methods and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	cyano-pyrazoline	16-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
15357972-1	2004	A new series of cyano-pyrazoline derivatives with secondary amine at P-2 site was synthesized through achiral and chiral synthetic methods and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).	Amines	60-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	207-212
15375776-3	2004	The substrates of CD26/DPPIV are proline-containing peptides and include growth factors, chemokines, neuropeptides, and vasoactive peptides.	Proline	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
15375776-3	2004	The substrates of CD26/DPPIV are proline-containing peptides and include growth factors, chemokines, neuropeptides, and vasoactive peptides.	Proline	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
15330741-1	2004	Inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are of increasing interest to both diabetologists and the pharmaceutical industry alike, as they may become established as the next member of the oral antidiabetic class of therapeutic agents, designed to lower blood glucose and, possibly, prevent the progressive impairment of glucose metabolism in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes.	Blood Glucose	269-282	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
15330741-1	2004	Inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are of increasing interest to both diabetologists and the pharmaceutical industry alike, as they may become established as the next member of the oral antidiabetic class of therapeutic agents, designed to lower blood glucose and, possibly, prevent the progressive impairment of glucose metabolism in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes.	Blood Glucose	269-282	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	tripeptide K-26	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	glycylprolylglycinamide	106-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	glycylprolylglycinamide	106-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	gpg-nh	131-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
15183349-0	2004	Obligatory involvement of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV in the activation of the antiretroviral tripeptide glycylprolylglycinamide (GPG-NH(2)).	gpg-nh	131-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	glycylprolylglycine amide	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	glycylprolylglycine amide	118-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	g-nh2	120-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	g-nh2	120-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	Dipeptides	149-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	Dipeptides	149-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	glycylproline	159-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
15183349-2	2004	The lymphocyte surface glycoprotein marker CD26, which is identical to dipeptidyl peptidase IV, efficiently converted GPG-NH2 to G-NH2 releasing the dipeptide GP-OH.	glycylproline	159-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
15183349-3	2004	The closely related QPG-NH2 derivative was also inhibitory to HIV, presumably by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV)-catalyzed release of G-NH2.	g-nh2	22-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
15183349-3	2004	The closely related QPG-NH2 derivative was also inhibitory to HIV, presumably by the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV)-catalyzed release of G-NH2.	g-nh2	22-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-116
15183349-4	2004	In contrast, the cyclic pQPG-NH2 derivative in which the glutamine at the amino terminal position of QPG-NH2 was replaced by pyroglutamine and which is resistant to cleavage by purified CD26, was devoid of antiviral activity.	cyclic pqpg-nh2	17-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-190
15183349-4	2004	In contrast, the cyclic pQPG-NH2 derivative in which the glutamine at the amino terminal position of QPG-NH2 was replaced by pyroglutamine and which is resistant to cleavage by purified CD26, was devoid of antiviral activity.	Glutamine	57-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	186-190
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	l-isoleucinepyrrolidine	128-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	l-isoleucinepyrrolidine	128-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-15
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	l-isoleucinepyrrolidine	128-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	l-isoleucinepyrrolidine	128-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	ilepyr	153-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	ilepyr	153-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-15
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	ilepyr	153-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
15183349-6	2004	The CD26/DPP IV enzymatic activity in serum and in cell suspensions could be efficiently inhibited by the CD26/DPP IV inhibitor L-isoleucinepyrrolidine (IlePyr) with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging between 20 and 100 microM.	ilepyr	153-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	ilepyr	47-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	ilepyr	47-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	diprotin A	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	diprotin A	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	diprotin A	70-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
15183349-7	2004	When combined in HIV-1-infected cell cultures, IlePyr and Diprotin A (DP-A), another CD26/DPP IV inhibitor, abrogated the antiviral activity of GPG-NH2 but not of G-NH2.	diprotin A	70-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15051798-5	2004	Based on the known oral availability and in vivo efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) inhibitor isoleucine-thiazolidide and its peptide-like structure, we first tested whether this compound is a substrate of epithelial peptide transporters.	isoleucyl-thiazolidide	106-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-88
15175333-0	2004	Tyrosine 547 constitutes an essential part of the catalytic mechanism of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Tyrosine	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-96
15175333-6	2004	To elucidate further the reaction mechanism, we determined the crystal structure of DPP-IV in complex with diisopropyl fluorophosphate, mimicking the tetrahedral intermediate.	Isoflurophate	107-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-90
15175333-7	2004	The kinetic and structural findings of the tyrosine residue are discussed in relation to the catalytic mechanism of DPP-IV and to the inhibitory mechanism of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine class of potent DPP-IV inhibitors, proposing an explanation for the specificity of this class of inhibitors for the S9b family among serine proteases.	Tyrosine	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
15175333-7	2004	The kinetic and structural findings of the tyrosine residue are discussed in relation to the catalytic mechanism of DPP-IV and to the inhibitory mechanism of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine class of potent DPP-IV inhibitors, proposing an explanation for the specificity of this class of inhibitors for the S9b family among serine proteases.	Tyrosine	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-203
15175333-7	2004	The kinetic and structural findings of the tyrosine residue are discussed in relation to the catalytic mechanism of DPP-IV and to the inhibitory mechanism of the 2-cyanopyrrolidine class of potent DPP-IV inhibitors, proposing an explanation for the specificity of this class of inhibitors for the S9b family among serine proteases.	Pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile	162-180	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-203
15310902-2	2004	The peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
15310902-2	2004	The peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
15310902-2	2004	The peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	58-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
15051798-5	2004	Based on the known oral availability and in vivo efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPIV) inhibitor isoleucine-thiazolidide and its peptide-like structure, we first tested whether this compound is a substrate of epithelial peptide transporters.	isoleucyl-thiazolidide	106-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
15255191-0	2004	The crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) complex with diprotin A.	diprotin A	76-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
15245913-1	2004	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DP) IV has a distinct substrate specificity in hydrolyzing a post-proline bond.	Proline	88-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
15177478-0	2004	Aminomethylpyridines as DPP-IV inhibitors.	aminomethylpyridines	0-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
15215186-0	2004	Adenosine down-regulates the surface expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV on HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells: implications for cancer cell behavior.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
15215186-4	2004	We asked whether adenosine, a purine nucleoside that is present at increased levels in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, might affect the expression of DPPIV at the cell surface.	Adenosine	17-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
15215186-4	2004	We asked whether adenosine, a purine nucleoside that is present at increased levels in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, might affect the expression of DPPIV at the cell surface.	Purine Nucleosides	30-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
15215186-5	2004	Treatment with a single dose of adenosine produced an initial transient (1 to 4 hours) modest (approximately 10%) increase in DPPIV, followed by a more profound (approximately 40%) depression of DPPIV protein expression at the surface of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, with a maximal decline being reached after 48 hours, and persisting for at least a week with daily exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
15215186-5	2004	Treatment with a single dose of adenosine produced an initial transient (1 to 4 hours) modest (approximately 10%) increase in DPPIV, followed by a more profound (approximately 40%) depression of DPPIV protein expression at the surface of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, with a maximal decline being reached after 48 hours, and persisting for at least a week with daily exposure to adenosine.	Adenosine	32-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
15215186-9	2004	Adenosine, at concentrations that exist within solid tumors, therefore acts at the surface of colorectal carcinoma cells to decrease levels and activities of DPPIV.	Adenosine	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
15215186-10	2004	This down-regulation of DPPIV may increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to the tumor-promoting effects of adenosine and their response to chemokines and the extracellular matrix, facilitating their expansion and metastasis.	Adenosine	109-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
15255191-0	2004	The crystal structure of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) complex with diprotin A.	diprotin A	76-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
15255191-3	2004	In order to elucidate the binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure complex of hDPPIV and diprotin A (IIe-Pro-IIe), a slowly hydrolyzed substrate of hDPPIV, at 2.2 A resolution.	diprotin A	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
15255191-3	2004	In order to elucidate the binding mode and substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure complex of hDPPIV and diprotin A (IIe-Pro-IIe), a slowly hydrolyzed substrate of hDPPIV, at 2.2 A resolution.	diprotin A	124-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-189
15126524-0	2004	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 reduces glycemia, sustains insulin levels, and reduces glucagon levels in type 2 diabetes.	Glucagon	92-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
15109673-0	2004	Lead discovery of quinoxalinediones as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) by high-throughput screening.	quinoxalinediones	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-78
15109673-0	2004	Lead discovery of quinoxalinediones as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) by high-throughput screening.	quinoxalinediones	18-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
15109673-1	2004	N-Ureido-quinoxalinedione derivatives have been discovered as leads for a novel series of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors through high-throughput screening of our chemical library.	n-ureido-quinoxalinedione	0-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-113
15109673-1	2004	N-Ureido-quinoxalinedione derivatives have been discovered as leads for a novel series of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors through high-throughput screening of our chemical library.	n-ureido-quinoxalinedione	0-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-121
15126524-2	2004	Here, the influence of a 4-wk increase in circulating GLP-1 by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on 24-h glucose and insulin and glucagon responses to breakfast was studied in subjects with dietary controlled diabetes [age: 65 +/- 8 yr (SD), body mass index: 27.3 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2), fasting plasma glucose: 9.0 +/- 1.3 mmol/liter].	Glucose	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-99
15126524-2	2004	Here, the influence of a 4-wk increase in circulating GLP-1 by inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) on 24-h glucose and insulin and glucagon responses to breakfast was studied in subjects with dietary controlled diabetes [age: 65 +/- 8 yr (SD), body mass index: 27.3 +/- 3.3 kg/m(2), fasting plasma glucose: 9.0 +/- 1.3 mmol/liter].	Glucose	116-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
15126524-9	2004	Thus, improved metabolic control by DPP-4 inhibition in type 2 diabetes is seen in association with reduced glucagon levels and, despite the lower glycemia, unaltered insulin levels.	Glucagon	108-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
15039077-5	2004	Using the chromogenic H-Gly-Pro-pNA as the substrate, a kinetic study shows that purified DPP8 is active and has a similar kcat value as that of DPP-IV, a prolyl dipeptidase that is a drug target for type II diabetes.	Gly-Pro-pNA	22-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-151
14687920-5	2004	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical with CD26) was for many years believed to be a unique cell membrane protease cleaving X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminal end of peptides and proteins.	Dipeptides	148-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
15032621-4	2004	Of special significance from a clinical perspective is also CD26 effect on glucose metabolism through its DPP IV activity and its potential role as a therapeutic target in diabetes.	Glucose	75-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
15032621-4	2004	Of special significance from a clinical perspective is also CD26 effect on glucose metabolism through its DPP IV activity and its potential role as a therapeutic target in diabetes.	Glucose	75-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
14687920-5	2004	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical with CD26) was for many years believed to be a unique cell membrane protease cleaving X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminal end of peptides and proteins.	Dipeptides	148-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
14687920-5	2004	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5, identical with CD26) was for many years believed to be a unique cell membrane protease cleaving X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminal end of peptides and proteins.	Dipeptides	148-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
15012592-0	2004	N-terminal His(7)-modification of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide generates dipeptidyl peptidase IV-stable analogues with potent antihyperglycaemic activity.	Histidine	11-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
15012592-0	2004	N-terminal His(7)-modification of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36) amide generates dipeptidyl peptidase IV-stable analogues with potent antihyperglycaemic activity.	Amides	64-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
15012592-4	2004	Incubation of GLP-1 with either DPP IV or human plasma resulted in rapid degradation of native GLP-1 to GLP-1(9-36)amide, while N-acetyl-GLP-1 and N-pyroglutamyl-GLP-1 were completely resistant to degradation.	Amides	115-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
15012982-0	2004	Diastereoselective synthesis and configuration-dependent activity of (3-substituted-cycloalkyl)glycine pyrrolidides and thiazolidides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	(3-substituted-cycloalkyl)glycine pyrrolidides	69-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-160
15012982-0	2004	Diastereoselective synthesis and configuration-dependent activity of (3-substituted-cycloalkyl)glycine pyrrolidides and thiazolidides as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	thiazolidides	120-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-160
15012982-4	2004	In the cyclopentylglycine pyrrolidide series, high potency against dipeptidyl peptidase IV and good selectivity could be achieved.	cyclopentylglycine pyrrolidide	7-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
14767880-0	2004	Lys9 for Glu9 substitution in glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide confers dipeptidylpeptidase IV resistance with cellular and metabolic actions similar to those of established antagonists glucagon-like peptide-1(9-36)amide and exendin (9-39).	Amides	59-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
14525771-6	2004	We also showed that CD26 cross-linking induced less phosphorylation of T-cell receptor-signaling molecules, lymphoid T-cell protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70), T-cell receptor zeta (TCRzeta), and linker for activator of T cells (LAT) in CBTCs than in PBTCs.	tcrzeta	214-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
14525771-6	2004	We also showed that CD26 cross-linking induced less phosphorylation of T-cell receptor-signaling molecules, lymphoid T-cell protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70), T-cell receptor zeta (TCRzeta), and linker for activator of T cells (LAT) in CBTCs than in PBTCs.	cbtcs	269-274	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
14525771-7	2004	Furthermore, CD26 molecules associated with CD45RA molecules outside lipid rafts in CBTCs.	cbtcs	84-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
15060691-0	2004	Soluble CD26/30 levels before and after treatment with interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy in a pediatric hepatitis C patient.	Ribavirin	76-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
14718659-2	2004	DPPIV removes dipeptides from the N terminus of substrates, including many chemokines, neuropeptides, and peptide hormones.	Dipeptides	14-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
14767880-7	2004	Here, we report that the replacement of Glu(9) of GLP-1 with Lys dramatically increased resistance to DPP IV.	Glutamic Acid	40-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
14767880-7	2004	Here, we report that the replacement of Glu(9) of GLP-1 with Lys dramatically increased resistance to DPP IV.	Lysine	61-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
14718659-4	2004	To understand better the molecular determinants that underlie enzyme catalysis and substrate specificity, we report the crystal structures of DPPIV in the free form and in complex with the first 10 residues of the physiological substrate, Neuropeptide Y (residues 1-10; tNPY).	tnpy	270-274	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-147
14718659-7	2004	Other structural features in the active site such as the presence of a Glu motif, a well-defined hydrophobic S1 subsite, and minimal long-range interactions explain the substrate recognition and binding properties of DPPIV.	Glutamic Acid	71-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	217-222
14718659-9	2004	Conformational changes of S630 and H740 between DPPIV in its free form and in complex with tNPY were observed and contribute to the stabilization of the tetrahedral intermediate.	tnpy	91-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
14691230-0	2004	N-linked glycosylation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26): effects on enzyme activity, homodimer formation, and adenosine deaminase binding.	Nitrogen	0-1	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
14760072-6	2004	This latter point was confirmed in vivo, in a patient affected by CD26(-) T-cell receptor gammadelta(+) hepatosplenic gammadelta(+) T-cell lymphomas treated on a compassionate basis with dCF.	Pentostatin	187-190	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-133
14760072-7	2004	The inverse correlation between CD26 expression and sensitivity to dCF was also demonstrated in a lymphoblastic lymphoma case in which CD26 was expressed on circulating blasts at relapse but not at diagnosis, as well as in two H9 T-cell clones expressing or not expressing CD26 mRNA and protein.	Pentostatin	67-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
14760072-7	2004	The inverse correlation between CD26 expression and sensitivity to dCF was also demonstrated in a lymphoblastic lymphoma case in which CD26 was expressed on circulating blasts at relapse but not at diagnosis, as well as in two H9 T-cell clones expressing or not expressing CD26 mRNA and protein.	Pentostatin	67-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
14760072-7	2004	The inverse correlation between CD26 expression and sensitivity to dCF was also demonstrated in a lymphoblastic lymphoma case in which CD26 was expressed on circulating blasts at relapse but not at diagnosis, as well as in two H9 T-cell clones expressing or not expressing CD26 mRNA and protein.	Pentostatin	67-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
14760072-8	2004	CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates the notion of CD26 as a marker of poor prognosis for T-cell malignancies and delineates a role for CD26 as a predictor of poor response to dCF.	Pentostatin	176-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-140
14760072-0	2004	CD26 expression correlates with a reduced sensitivity to 2"-deoxycoformycin-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in T-cell leukemia/lymphomas.	Pentostatin	57-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
14760072-3	2004	Once the surface expression of CD26 and ADA in a panel of cell lines and primary samples of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma was defined, we correlated this expression with the antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of dCF.	Pentostatin	211-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
14760072-4	2004	RESULTS: Surface expression of CD26 inversely correlated with the capability of dCF to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis both in T-cell lines and primary samples of T-cell malignancies.	Pentostatin	80-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	91-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Adenosine	159-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
14630704-2	2004	Using CD26-transfected cells, we demonstrate that cell surface ADA (ecto-ADA) can regulate adenosine receptor engagement by degrading extracellular adenosine (Ado) to inosine.	Inosine	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
14630704-4	2004	Thus, the cAMP response was markedly decreased when CD26-transfected cells were incubated with an exogenous source of ADA to increase ecto-ADA expression.	Cyclic AMP	10-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
14630704-9	2004	We conclude that ecto-ADA has the potential to regulate adenosine receptor-mediated cAMP responses in vivo in tissues with CD26+ cells and sufficient cell death caused by apoptosis or inflammation to provide a source of ADA to bind to CD26.	Cyclic AMP	84-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-127
14691230-0	2004	N-linked glycosylation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26): effects on enzyme activity, homodimer formation, and adenosine deaminase binding.	Nitrogen	0-1	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
14691230-3	2004	Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV.	Nitrogen	47-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
14691230-3	2004	Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV.	Nitrogen	47-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
14691230-3	2004	Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV.	Asparagine	78-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
14691230-3	2004	Crystallographic studies on DPPIV reveal clear N-linked glycosylation of nine Asn residues in DPPIV.	Asparagine	78-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
14691230-5	2004	Individual Asn--&gt;Ala point mutants were introduced at the nine glycosylation sites in the extracellular domain of DPPIV (residues 39-766).	Alanine	20-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
14691230-6	2004	Crystallographic and biochemical data demonstrate that N-linked glycosylation of DPPIV does not contribute significantly to its peptidase activity.	Nitrogen	55-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
14691230-7	2004	The kinetic parameters of dipeptidyl peptidase cleavage of wild-type DPPIV and the N-glycosylation site mutants were determined by using Ala-Pro-AFC and Gly-Pro-pNA as substrates and varied by &lt;50%.	ala-pro-afc	137-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
14691230-7	2004	The kinetic parameters of dipeptidyl peptidase cleavage of wild-type DPPIV and the N-glycosylation site mutants were determined by using Ala-Pro-AFC and Gly-Pro-pNA as substrates and varied by &lt;50%.	Gly-Pro-pNA	153-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
14719797-2	2003	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DP IV) is a multifunctional serine protease cleaving off dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Dipeptides	87-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
14719797-2	2003	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DP IV) is a multifunctional serine protease cleaving off dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides.	Dipeptides	87-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
14664713-0	2003	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide have preserved biological activities in vitro conferring improved glucose-lowering action in vivo.	Amides	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-29
14664713-0	2003	Novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant analogues of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide have preserved biological activities in vitro conferring improved glucose-lowering action in vivo.	Glucose	154-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-29
14664713-8	2003	These data indicate that substitution of Ala(8) in GLP-1 with Abu or Val confers resistance to DPP IV inactivation and that (Val(8))GLP-1 is a particularly potent N-terminally modified GLP-1 analogue of possible use in type 2 diabetes.	Alanine	41-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
14664713-2	2003	Here, we report two novel Ala(8)-substituted analogues of GLP-1, (Abu(8))GLP-1 and (Val(8))GLP-1 which were completely resistant to inactivation by DPP IV or human plasma.	Alanine	26-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-154
14511679-6	2003	Isoleucyl 4-cyanothiazolidide was a competitive inhibitor of purified porcine DPP IV with K(is)=1 nM.	isoleucyl 4-cyanothiazolidide	0-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-84
14614042-1	2003	We previously reported that a cell-surface aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, is expressed on extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and suggested the involvement of its enzyme activity in EVT migration.	EVT	127-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
14614042-1	2003	We previously reported that a cell-surface aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, is expressed on extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) and suggested the involvement of its enzyme activity in EVT migration.	EVT	188-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-82
14530297-3	2003	We previously reported that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is expressed on EVTs in the proximal part of cell column and is involved in the inhibition of their migration.	evts	76-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
14530297-3	2003	We previously reported that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is expressed on EVTs in the proximal part of cell column and is involved in the inhibition of their migration.	evts	76-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
14530297-4	2003	Because DPPIV has been shown to degrade several chemokines, we examined possible roles of chemokines in EVT migration.	EVT	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-13
14511679-3	2003	The automated assay was validated with isoleucyl thiazolidide, a potent inhibitor of DPP IV with K(is)=110nM.	isoleucyl-thiazolidide	39-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-91
14511679-5	2003	A mechanistic inhibition version of the automated assay was validated with isoleucyl 4-cyanothiazolidide, a very potent inhibitor of DPP IV.	isoleucyl 4-cyanothiazolidide	75-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
14511643-2	2003	The present study shows that 2-week exposure of human glomerular endothelial cells to high glucose (22 mM) determines a highly significant increase in DPP-IV activity and mRNA expression, which cannot be entirely accounted for by hyperosmolarity.	Glucose	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-157
14511643-3	2003	On the other hand, incubation of purified DPP-IV in a buffer solution added with high glucose does not affect enzyme activity.	Glucose	86-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
14511643-4	2003	These results suggest that high glucose increases expression and activity of DPP-IV, possibly contributing to GLP-1 reduction in type 2 diabetic patients.	Glucose	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
14579742-6	2003	Fluorescent cresyl violet was generated by CD26/DPPIV-transfected Jurkat cells but not by wild-type Jurkat cells with a Km of 3.7 microM.	cresyl violet	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
14520473-2	2003	We now report that CD26/DPPIV enhances sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the antineoplastic agents doxorubicin and etoposide.	Doxorubicin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
14520473-2	2003	We now report that CD26/DPPIV enhances sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the antineoplastic agents doxorubicin and etoposide.	Doxorubicin	101-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
14520473-2	2003	We now report that CD26/DPPIV enhances sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the antineoplastic agents doxorubicin and etoposide.	Etoposide	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
14520473-2	2003	We now report that CD26/DPPIV enhances sensitivity to apoptosis induced by the antineoplastic agents doxorubicin and etoposide.	Etoposide	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
14579742-3	2003	CD26/DPPIV catalyzes cleavage of peptides from the amino terminus of peptides with proline at the penultimate position.	Proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
14514604-8	2003	Alternatively, inhibition of DPP-IV-mediated incretin degradation represents a complementary therapeutic approach, as orally available DPP-IV inhibitors have been shown to lower glucose in experimental diabetic models and human subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
14514604-8	2003	Alternatively, inhibition of DPP-IV-mediated incretin degradation represents a complementary therapeutic approach, as orally available DPP-IV inhibitors have been shown to lower glucose in experimental diabetic models and human subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	178-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-141
14579742-6	2003	Fluorescent cresyl violet was generated by CD26/DPPIV-transfected Jurkat cells but not by wild-type Jurkat cells with a Km of 3.7 microM.	cresyl violet	12-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
14579742-3	2003	CD26/DPPIV catalyzes cleavage of peptides from the amino terminus of peptides with proline at the penultimate position.	Proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
14579742-7	2003	beta-Casomorphin1-5 appeared to be a possible natural substrate of CD26/DPPIV, because it inhibited production of fluorescence competitively (Ki = 60 microM).	beta-casomorphin1-5	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
14579742-7	2003	beta-Casomorphin1-5 appeared to be a possible natural substrate of CD26/DPPIV, because it inhibited production of fluorescence competitively (Ki = 60 microM).	beta-casomorphin1-5	0-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2	82-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-267
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2	82-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-275
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-	105-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-267
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-	105-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-275
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	Galactose	119-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-267
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	Galactose	119-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-275
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	-o-bn	149-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-267
12855686-1	2003	In previous work we reported that long term treatment of polarized HT-29 cells by 1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside (GalNAcalpha-O-bn) induced undersialylation and intracellular distribution of apical glycoproteins such as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), and we suggested therefore that sialylation could act as an apical targeting signal.	-o-bn	149-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	269-275
12855686-4	2003	A similar short GalNAcalpha-O-bn treatment also induced an intracellular distribution of both endogenous transmembrane DPP-IV and proteins involved in the regulation of the apical trafficking such as the apical t-SNARE syntaxin-3 and the raft-associated protein annexin XIIIb, whereas the basolateral t-SNARE syntaxin-4 kept its normal localization.	1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-galactopyranoside	16-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-125
12832104-6	2003	The addition of this nine-AA sequence to GLP-1 improved the affinity of both GLP-1 and the DPP IV resistant analog GLP-1 8-glycine for the GLP-1 receptor (IC50: GLP-1 Gly8 [GG], 220+/-23 nM; GLP-1 Gly8 Ex (31-39), 74+/-11 nM).	8-glycine	121-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
14611720-10	2003	We, therefore, propose that bacterial antigens (SK), dietary peptides (gliadin, casein) and Thimerosal (ethyl mercury) in individuals with pre-disposing HLA molecules, bind to CD26 or CD69 and induce antibodies against these molecules.	Thimerosal	92-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-180
14611720-10	2003	We, therefore, propose that bacterial antigens (SK), dietary peptides (gliadin, casein) and Thimerosal (ethyl mercury) in individuals with pre-disposing HLA molecules, bind to CD26 or CD69 and induce antibodies against these molecules.	diethylmercury	104-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-180
12930151-7	2003	The flavone 19b affinity for APN/CD13 is not recovered with other proteases such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE/CD143), neutral endopeptidase (NEP/CD10), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (CD224), or the serine proteases dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) or cathepsin G.	flavone	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	285-290
12930151-7	2003	The flavone 19b affinity for APN/CD13 is not recovered with other proteases such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE/CD143), neutral endopeptidase (NEP/CD10), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (CD224), or the serine proteases dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV/CD26) or cathepsin G.	flavone	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	291-295
12904562-7	2003	It was inhibited by serine protease inhibitors and the substrate analogue for mammalian DPP-IV, diprotin A.	diprotin A	96-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-94
12904562-13	2003	Construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the DPP-IV of P. albensis clusters with other DPP-IVs found in bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidaceae (CFB) phylum, which are more closely related to eukaryotic DPP-IVs than the DPP-IV-like enzyme (PepX) of the lactic acid bacteria.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	58-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-106
12904562-13	2003	Construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the DPP-IV of P. albensis clusters with other DPP-IVs found in bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidaceae (CFB) phylum, which are more closely related to eukaryotic DPP-IVs than the DPP-IV-like enzyme (PepX) of the lactic acid bacteria.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	100-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
12904562-13	2003	Construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the DPP-IV of P. albensis clusters with other DPP-IVs found in bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidaceae (CFB) phylum, which are more closely related to eukaryotic DPP-IVs than the DPP-IV-like enzyme (PepX) of the lactic acid bacteria.	Lactic Acid	279-290	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
12904562-13	2003	Construction of a phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the DPP-IV of P. albensis clusters with other DPP-IVs found in bacteria of the Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroidaceae (CFB) phylum, which are more closely related to eukaryotic DPP-IVs than the DPP-IV-like enzyme (PepX) of the lactic acid bacteria.	Lactic Acid	279-290	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-106
14611720-2	2003	In this study, we postulated that infectious agent antigens such as streptokinase, dietary peptides (gliadin and casein) and ethyl mercury (xenobiotic) bind to different lymphocyte receptors and tissue enzyme (DPP IV or CD26).	diethylmercury	125-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	210-216
14611720-2	2003	In this study, we postulated that infectious agent antigens such as streptokinase, dietary peptides (gliadin and casein) and ethyl mercury (xenobiotic) bind to different lymphocyte receptors and tissue enzyme (DPP IV or CD26).	diethylmercury	125-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	220-224
14611720-5	2003	These antibodies are synthesized as a result of SK, gliadin, casein and ethyl mercury binding to CD26 and CD69, indicating that they are specific.	diethylmercury	72-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
12883733-0	2003	Pentostatin in T-non-Hodgkin"s lymphomas: efficacy and effect on CD26+ T lymphocytes.	Pentostatin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-69
12883733-4	2003	We also examined the lymphopenic effect of pentostatin on CD26+ T lymphocytes.	Pentostatin	43-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
12883733-11	2003	Pentostatin also specifically depleted CD26+ rather than CD26- T lymphocytes, potentially associated with immunosuppression.	Pentostatin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
12883733-11	2003	Pentostatin also specifically depleted CD26+ rather than CD26- T lymphocytes, potentially associated with immunosuppression.	Pentostatin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-61
12883733-12	2003	We therefore conclude that while pentostatin is a safe and active agent for T-NHL regardless of CD26 expression, it may selectively deplete CD26+ T lymphocytes, with potentially significant clinical implications.	Pentostatin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
12676959-8	2003	The use of antisense oligonucleotides for the CD26 mRNAs demonstrated that both events (enhanced by IL-12), CD26-CD45R0 association and membrane compartment redistribution, are related.	Oligonucleotides	21-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
12676959-8	2003	The use of antisense oligonucleotides for the CD26 mRNAs demonstrated that both events (enhanced by IL-12), CD26-CD45R0 association and membrane compartment redistribution, are related.	Oligonucleotides	21-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-112
12662155-9	2003	DPP8 and DPP9 share an identical active site with DPP4 (Gly-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly).	Gly629-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly633	56-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
12716896-3	2003	Using proteolytic fragments and maltose-binding protein fusion proteins that together span full-length FN, we found DPPIV-binding sites in type III repeats 13, 14, and 15 (FNIII13, -14, and -15, respectively).	Maltose	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
12832764-0	2003	High-resolution structure of human apo dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 and its complex with 1-[([2-[(5-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino]-ethyl]amino)-acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine.	1-(((2-((5-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	89-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
12832764-0	2003	High-resolution structure of human apo dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 and its complex with 1-[([2-[(5-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino]-ethyl]amino)-acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine.	1-(((2-((5-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyanopyrrolidine	89-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
12810846-0	2003	Fluorogenic substrate [Ala-Pro]2-cresyl violet but not Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110 is cleaved specifically by DPPIV activity: a study in living Jurkat cells and CD26/DPPIV-transfected Jurkat cells.	ala-pro]2-cresyl violet	23-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-109
12810846-1	2003	Fluorogenic substrates [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet and Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110 have been tested for microscopic detection of protease activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in living cells.	ala-pro](2)-cresyl violet	24-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
12810846-1	2003	Fluorogenic substrates [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet and Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110 have been tested for microscopic detection of protease activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in living cells.	ala-pro](2)-cresyl violet	24-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
12810846-1	2003	Fluorogenic substrates [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet and Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110 have been tested for microscopic detection of protease activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in living cells.	alanylproline-rhodamine 110	54-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
12810846-1	2003	Fluorogenic substrates [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet and Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110 have been tested for microscopic detection of protease activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in living cells.	alanylproline-rhodamine 110	54-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
12810846-7	2003	[Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet, but not Ala-Pro-rhodamine 110, appeared to be specific for DPPIV.	ala-pro](2)-cresyl violet	1-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-92
12810846-8	2003	When microscopic analysis is performed on living cells during the first minutes of the enzyme reaction, DPPIV activity can be precisely localized in cells with the use of [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet.	ala-pro](2)-cresyl violet	172-197	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-109
12810846-10	2003	We conclude that [Ala-Pro](2)-cresyl violet is a good fluorogenic substrate to localize DPPIV activity in living cells when the correct wavelengths are used for excitation and emission and images are captured in the early stages of the enzyme reaction.	[ala-pro](2)-cresyl violet	17-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
12686489-7	2003	It is certain from in vitro experiments that serum albumin, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, tubulin and UGTs are covalently modified by acyl glucuronides.	acyl glucuronides	129-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-83
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Tyrosine	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Tyrosine	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Alanine	151-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Alanine	151-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
12800091-2	2003	However, its biological activity is severely compromised by the ubiquitous enzyme dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV), which removes the N-terminal Tyr(1)-Ala(2) dipeptide from GIP.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
12806628-10	2003	Mucosal biopsies obtained before and 4 months after azathioprine discontinuation showed complete reversal of severe duodenal villus atrophy and marked up-regulation of mucosal dipeptidyl peptidase IV and PepT1 messenger RNA.	Azathioprine	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	176-199
12470715-0	2003	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) by 2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile, a fluoroolefin containing peptidomimetic.	2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile	50-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
12690074-7	2003	A dipeptide mimicking inhibitor complexed to the active site discloses key determinants for substrate recognition, including a Glu-Glu motif that distinguishes DP IV as an aminopeptidase and an oxyanion trap that binds and activates the P(2)-carbonyl oxygen necessary for efficient postproline cleavage.	Dipeptides	2-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
12690074-7	2003	A dipeptide mimicking inhibitor complexed to the active site discloses key determinants for substrate recognition, including a Glu-Glu motif that distinguishes DP IV as an aminopeptidase and an oxyanion trap that binds and activates the P(2)-carbonyl oxygen necessary for efficient postproline cleavage.	Glutamic Acid	127-130	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
12690074-7	2003	A dipeptide mimicking inhibitor complexed to the active site discloses key determinants for substrate recognition, including a Glu-Glu motif that distinguishes DP IV as an aminopeptidase and an oxyanion trap that binds and activates the P(2)-carbonyl oxygen necessary for efficient postproline cleavage.	Glutamic Acid	131-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
12690074-7	2003	A dipeptide mimicking inhibitor complexed to the active site discloses key determinants for substrate recognition, including a Glu-Glu motif that distinguishes DP IV as an aminopeptidase and an oxyanion trap that binds and activates the P(2)-carbonyl oxygen necessary for efficient postproline cleavage.	Oxygen	251-257	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-165
12569391-2	2003	We previously demonstrated that CD26/DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of Jurkat cells to doxorubicin.	Doxorubicin	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
12569391-2	2003	We previously demonstrated that CD26/DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of Jurkat cells to doxorubicin.	Doxorubicin	83-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
12569391-3	2003	We now show that expression of CD26/DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of CD26 Jurkat transfectants to G(2)-M arrest mediated by the antineoplastic agent etoposide.	Etoposide	146-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
12569391-3	2003	We now show that expression of CD26/DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of CD26 Jurkat transfectants to G(2)-M arrest mediated by the antineoplastic agent etoposide.	Etoposide	146-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
12569391-3	2003	We now show that expression of CD26/DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of CD26 Jurkat transfectants to G(2)-M arrest mediated by the antineoplastic agent etoposide.	Etoposide	146-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Doxorubicin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Doxorubicin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Doxorubicin	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-152
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Etoposide	53-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Etoposide	53-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
12569391-5	2003	CD26/DPPIV-associated enhancement of doxorubicin and etoposide-induced G(2)-M arrest was also observed in serum-free media, suggesting an effect of CD26 on cell-derived processes rather than serum-derived factors.	Etoposide	53-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-152
12534281-10	2003	Glu(259) of DP8, a residue distant from the catalytic triad yet greatly conserved in the CD26 gene family, was shown to be required for peptidase activity.	Glutamic Acid	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
12470715-0	2003	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) by 2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile, a fluoroolefin containing peptidomimetic.	2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile	50-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
12470715-0	2003	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) by 2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile, a fluoroolefin containing peptidomimetic.	fluoroolefin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
12470715-0	2003	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) by 2-(2-amino-1-fluoro-propylidene)-cyclopentanecarbonitrile, a fluoroolefin containing peptidomimetic.	fluoroolefin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
12470715-1	2003	Novel, potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5, CD26), containing the fluoroolefin peptide isostere psi [CFz.dbnd6;C], have been prepared via the intermediacy of the Peterson fluoroolefination reaction.	fluoroolefin	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
12470715-1	2003	Novel, potent inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5, CD26), containing the fluoroolefin peptide isostere psi [CFz.dbnd6;C], have been prepared via the intermediacy of the Peterson fluoroolefination reaction.	fluoroolefin	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
12470715-2	2003	The nitrile containing inhibitors were found to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV competitively with K(i) values for the l-3 and u-3 inhibitors of 7.69 and 6.03 microM, respectively.	Nitriles	4-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-79
12517256-3	2003	Hence, inhibition of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1 degradation via reduction of DPP-IV activity represents an innovative strategy for enhancing incretin action in vivo.	Glucose	21-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-125
12675224-0	2003	New results on the conformations of potent DP IV (CD26) inhibitors bearing the N-terminal MWP structural motif.	dp	43-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
12675225-0	2003	Different inhibition mechanisms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by tryptophan containing peptides and amides.	Tryptophan	62-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-58
12675225-0	2003	Different inhibition mechanisms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by tryptophan containing peptides and amides.	Peptides	84-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-58
12675225-0	2003	Different inhibition mechanisms of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by tryptophan containing peptides and amides.	Amides	97-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-58
12675233-7	2003	Propro-diphenyl phosphonate was employed to inhibit DPP IV activity during rejection.	propro-diphenyl phosphonate	0-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
12675237-0	2003	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors with the N-terminal MXP sequence: structure-activity-relationships.	mxp	55-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
12483204-3	2003	We have determined the 2.5 A structure of the extracellular region of DPP-IV in complex with the inhibitor valine-pyrrolidide.	valine-pyrrolidide	107-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
12525257-10	2003	These data indicate that substitution of the penultimate Ala2 in GIP by Gly or Ser confers resistance to plasma DPP IV degradation, resulting in enhanced biological activity, therefore raising the possibility of their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Glycine	72-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
12525257-10	2003	These data indicate that substitution of the penultimate Ala2 in GIP by Gly or Ser confers resistance to plasma DPP IV degradation, resulting in enhanced biological activity, therefore raising the possibility of their use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-118
12490884-1	2003	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV contributes to the regulation of many physiological processes, most notably blood sugar homeostasis, by biting a dipeptide off the N terminus of specific peptides.	Sugars	106-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
12471135-1	2002	CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) is a membrane-bound extracellular peptidase that cleaves dipeptides from the N terminus of polypeptide chains.	Dipeptides	93-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-27
12490884-1	2003	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV contributes to the regulation of many physiological processes, most notably blood sugar homeostasis, by biting a dipeptide off the N terminus of specific peptides.	Dipeptides	137-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
12471135-1	2002	CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) is a membrane-bound extracellular peptidase that cleaves dipeptides from the N terminus of polypeptide chains.	Dipeptides	93-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12937847-0	2003	Immunohistochemical detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) in thyroid neoplasia using biotinylated tyramine amplification.	Tyramine	105-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-56
12937847-0	2003	Immunohistochemical detection of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) in thyroid neoplasia using biotinylated tyramine amplification.	Tyramine	105-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
12937847-4	2003	DPP IV/CD 26 was assessed in paraffin-embedded thyroid specimens immunohistochemically using commercially available antibody (Serotec) and biotinylated tyramine amplification kit (DAKO).	Paraffin	29-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
12937847-4	2003	DPP IV/CD 26 was assessed in paraffin-embedded thyroid specimens immunohistochemically using commercially available antibody (Serotec) and biotinylated tyramine amplification kit (DAKO).	Tyramine	152-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
12937847-9	2003	DPP IV/CD 26 can be assessed immunohistochemically using biotinylated tyramine amplification kit.	Tyramine	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
12937847-9	2003	DPP IV/CD 26 can be assessed immunohistochemically using biotinylated tyramine amplification kit.	Tyramine	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
12790770-0	2003	Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity baring enzymes in human blood plasma and glioma cell lines.	quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids	0-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
12790770-2	2003	The low-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, corresponding most probably to DPP-8, observed only in glioma cells but not in human plasma, was inhibited preferentially by SA, CHE and EX, and only slightly by FA.	sanguinarine	173-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-25
12790770-4	2003	In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed.	Alkaloids	276-285	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
12790770-4	2003	In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed.	Alkaloids	276-285	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-126
12790770-4	2003	In addition, a subtle but consistent inhibition of the intermediate-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, ascribed to DPP-IV/CD26, observed only in human plasma and of the attractin (high-MW form of DPP-IV-like enzyme activity, expressed in U87 glioma cells) by the studied alkaloids was observed.	Alkaloids	276-285	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-126
12471135-1	2002	CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) is a membrane-bound extracellular peptidase that cleaves dipeptides from the N terminus of polypeptide chains.	Dipeptides	93-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
12471135-3	2002	CD26/DPPIV has the ability to cleave the chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) at its position two proline.	Proline	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
12471135-3	2002	CD26/DPPIV has the ability to cleave the chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha) at its position two proline.	Proline	126-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
12459266-5	2002	The presence of this motif, together with a conserved order and spacing of the Ser, Asp, and His residues that form the catalytic triad in DPP IV, places DPP9 in the "DPP IV gene family".	Histidine	93-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-173
12150711-12	2002	These data indicate that novel N-terminal Tyr(1) modification of GIP with an Fmoc or palmitate group confers resistance to degradation by DPP IV in plasma, which is reflected by increased in vitro potency and greater insulinotropic and antihyperglycaemic activities in an animal model of Type II diabetes mellitus.	Tyrosine	42-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-144
12185194-3	2002	DPPIV activity was specifically determined with the synthetic fluorogenic substrate ala-pro-cresyl violet and CD26 protein expression was demonstrated with an FITC-conjugated CD26-specific antibody.	alanyl-prolyl-cresyl violet	84-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
12459266-5	2002	The presence of this motif, together with a conserved order and spacing of the Ser, Asp, and His residues that form the catalytic triad in DPP IV, places DPP9 in the "DPP IV gene family".	Serine	79-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-173
12459266-5	2002	The presence of this motif, together with a conserved order and spacing of the Ser, Asp, and His residues that form the catalytic triad in DPP IV, places DPP9 in the "DPP IV gene family".	Aspartic Acid	84-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-173
12459266-5	2002	The presence of this motif, together with a conserved order and spacing of the Ser, Asp, and His residues that form the catalytic triad in DPP IV, places DPP9 in the "DPP IV gene family".	Histidine	93-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	15-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	15-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	rhodamine 110	15-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Xanthenes	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Xanthenes	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Xanthenes	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Glycine	128-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Glycine	128-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
12095981-4	2002	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) substrates Gly(Ala)-Pro-R110-R, thus facilitating a stable binding of the fluorescent moiety on the cell surface.	Glycine	128-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
12095981-5	2002	The fixation resulted from the interaction with the reactive anchor rhodamine and allowed the quantification of cellular DP IV activity on single cells.	Rhodamines	68-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	121-126
12095981-6	2002	The reactivity, length, and hydrophobicity of rhodamine was characterized as the decisive factor that facilitated the determination of cellular DP IV activity.	Rhodamines	46-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
12233879-2	2002	The soluble form of CD26 is present in serum and recombinant soluble CD26 (rsCD26) can enhance in vitro antigen-specific T cell responses.	rscd26	75-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
12233879-2	2002	The soluble form of CD26 is present in serum and recombinant soluble CD26 (rsCD26) can enhance in vitro antigen-specific T cell responses.	rscd26	75-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
12213886-2	2002	In the present study, we focused on DPPIV expression on extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs).	evts	83-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
12213886-4	2002	EVTs migrating in the decidua from the cell column were negative for DPPIV.	evts	0-4	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
12213886-5	2002	In the second and third trimesters, almost all EVTs were positive for DPPIV.	evts	47-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
12213886-7	2002	When a competitive inhibitor of DPPIV, diprotin A, was added in Matrigel invasion assay system, JEG-3 cells exhibited a significant enhancement of invasion.	diprotin A	39-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
12213886-9	2002	JEG-3 cells became less invasive with increased expression of DPPIV when cultured under hypoxic conditions (1% O(2)).	o(2)	111-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
12213886-10	2002	These results suggest that DPPIV is important for the noninvasive EVT phenotype and the down-regulation of this enzyme was strongly associated with migration or invasive EVT phenotype.	EVT	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
12213886-10	2002	These results suggest that DPPIV is important for the noninvasive EVT phenotype and the down-regulation of this enzyme was strongly associated with migration or invasive EVT phenotype.	EVT	170-173	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
12185194-3	2002	DPPIV activity was specifically determined with the synthetic fluorogenic substrate ala-pro-cresyl violet and CD26 protein expression was demonstrated with an FITC-conjugated CD26-specific antibody.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	159-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
12185194-3	2002	DPPIV activity was specifically determined with the synthetic fluorogenic substrate ala-pro-cresyl violet and CD26 protein expression was demonstrated with an FITC-conjugated CD26-specific antibody.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	159-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
12185194-3	2002	DPPIV activity was specifically determined with the synthetic fluorogenic substrate ala-pro-cresyl violet and CD26 protein expression was demonstrated with an FITC-conjugated CD26-specific antibody.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	159-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	175-179
11883961-0	2002	Metformin effects on dipeptidylpeptidase IV degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1.	Metformin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
12182835-5	2002	Overexpression of DPPIV/CD26 was confirmed by measurement of its peptidase specificity, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analyses.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	88-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
12182835-5	2002	Overexpression of DPPIV/CD26 was confirmed by measurement of its peptidase specificity, SDS-PAGE, and Western blot analyses.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	88-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
11978683-4	2002	In this study, we examined the 4-week effect of 1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine (NVP DPP728), a selective, orally active inhibitor of DPP IV, in subjects with diet-controlled type 2 diabetes in a placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter study.	1-(((2-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine	48-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-187
12101279-2	2002	Purified DPP IV has been recognized to inactivate peptide hormones, neuropeptides, and some chemokines by cleavage behind a proline residue at the penultimate N-terminal amino acid position.	Proline	124-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-15
12036346-0	2002	1-[2-[(5-Cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor with antihyperglycemic properties.	1-[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-(s)-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile	0-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-150
12036346-3	2002	One compound, NVP-DPP728 (2), is profiled as a potent, selective, and short-acting DPP-IV inhibitor that has excellent oral bioavailability and potent antihyperglycemic activity.	dpp728	18-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
11901152-9	2002	In addition to Arg-142, we found that Glu-139 and Asp-143 of human ADA are also important for CD26 binding.	Glutamic Acid	38-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
11901152-9	2002	In addition to Arg-142, we found that Glu-139 and Asp-143 of human ADA are also important for CD26 binding.	Aspartic Acid	50-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
11773049-0	2002	Intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV is efficiently sorted to the apical membrane through the concerted action of N- and O-glycans as well as association with lipid microdomains.	n- and o-glycans	112-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
11773049-1	2002	The apical sorting of human intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) occurs through complex N-linked and O-linked carbohydrates.	n-linked and o-linked carbohydrates	94-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
11773049-1	2002	The apical sorting of human intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) occurs through complex N-linked and O-linked carbohydrates.	n-linked and o-linked carbohydrates	94-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
11773049-2	2002	Inhibition of O-linked glycosylation by benzyl-N-acetyl-alpha-d-galactosaminide affects significantly the sorting behavior of DPPIV in intestinal Caco-2 and HT-29 cells.	benzyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine	40-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
11773049-3	2002	However, random delivery to the apical and basolateral membranes and hence a more drastic effect on the sorting of DPPIV in both cell types is only observed when, in addition to O-glycans, the processing of N-glycans is affected by swainsonine, an inhibitor of mannosidase II.	o-glycans	178-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
11773049-3	2002	However, random delivery to the apical and basolateral membranes and hence a more drastic effect on the sorting of DPPIV in both cell types is only observed when, in addition to O-glycans, the processing of N-glycans is affected by swainsonine, an inhibitor of mannosidase II.	n-glycans	207-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
11773049-3	2002	However, random delivery to the apical and basolateral membranes and hence a more drastic effect on the sorting of DPPIV in both cell types is only observed when, in addition to O-glycans, the processing of N-glycans is affected by swainsonine, an inhibitor of mannosidase II.	Swainsonine	232-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
11773049-5	2002	The sorting mechanism of DPPIV implicates its association with detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains containing cholesterol and sphingolipids, whereas an efficient association largely depends on the presence of a fully complex N- and O-linked glycosylated DPPIV.	Cholesterol	116-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11773049-5	2002	The sorting mechanism of DPPIV implicates its association with detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains containing cholesterol and sphingolipids, whereas an efficient association largely depends on the presence of a fully complex N- and O-linked glycosylated DPPIV.	Sphingolipids	132-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11773049-5	2002	The sorting mechanism of DPPIV implicates its association with detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains containing cholesterol and sphingolipids, whereas an efficient association largely depends on the presence of a fully complex N- and O-linked glycosylated DPPIV.	Nitrogen	231-232	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11773049-6	2002	Interestingly, cholesterol is a more critical component in this context than sphingolipids, because cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin affects the detergent solubility and the sorting behavior of DPPIV more strongly than fumonisin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis.	Cholesterol	15-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
11773049-6	2002	Interestingly, cholesterol is a more critical component in this context than sphingolipids, because cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin affects the detergent solubility and the sorting behavior of DPPIV more strongly than fumonisin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis.	Sphingolipids	77-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
11773049-6	2002	Interestingly, cholesterol is a more critical component in this context than sphingolipids, because cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin affects the detergent solubility and the sorting behavior of DPPIV more strongly than fumonisin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis.	Cholesterol	100-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
11773049-6	2002	Interestingly, cholesterol is a more critical component in this context than sphingolipids, because cholesterol depletion by beta-cyclodextrin affects the detergent solubility and the sorting behavior of DPPIV more strongly than fumonisin, an inhibitor of sphingolipid synthesis.	betadex	125-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
11883961-2	2002	Data indicating that metformin increases the circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese nondiabetic subjects have recently been presented, and it was proposed that metformin might act as a DP IV inhibitor.	Metformin	21-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
11883961-2	2002	Data indicating that metformin increases the circulating amount of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese nondiabetic subjects have recently been presented, and it was proposed that metformin might act as a DP IV inhibitor.	Metformin	191-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	216-221
11883961-5	2002	Inhibition of DP IV hydrolysis of the substrate Gly-Pro-pNA by metformin was examined spectrophotometrically.	Gly-Pro-pNA	48-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
11883961-5	2002	Inhibition of DP IV hydrolysis of the substrate Gly-Pro-pNA by metformin was examined spectrophotometrically.	Metformin	63-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
11737260-3	2001	CD26 is a lymphocyte membrane-associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is able to inactivate chemokines such as RANTES or eotaxin by cleaving dipeptides from the NH2-terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	152-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11832466-12	2002	Nevertheless, the actions of the glucagon-like peptides are limited in duration by enzymatic inactivation via cleavage at the N-terminal penultimate alanine by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV).	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-183
11832466-12	2002	Nevertheless, the actions of the glucagon-like peptides are limited in duration by enzymatic inactivation via cleavage at the N-terminal penultimate alanine by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV).	Alanine	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-190
12142042-0	2002	Soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enhances transendothelial migration via its interaction with mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor.	mannose-6-phosphate	98-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
12142042-0	2002	Soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV enhances transendothelial migration via its interaction with mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor.	mannose-6-phosphate	98-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-36
11893078-6	2002	Removal of heparin chains from the various matrices by pretreatment of the ECM with heparinase resulted in reduction of glucose-6-phosphatase and DPP IV in adult hepatocytes.	Heparin	11-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
11755200-5	2001	Among the rare group of proline-specific proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) was originally believed to be the only membrane-bound enzyme specific for proline as the penultimate residue at the amino-terminus of the polypeptide chain.	Proline	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
11755200-5	2001	Among the rare group of proline-specific proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) was originally believed to be the only membrane-bound enzyme specific for proline as the penultimate residue at the amino-terminus of the polypeptide chain.	Proline	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
11755200-5	2001	Among the rare group of proline-specific proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) was originally believed to be the only membrane-bound enzyme specific for proline as the penultimate residue at the amino-terminus of the polypeptide chain.	Proline	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
11755200-5	2001	Among the rare group of proline-specific proteases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) was originally believed to be the only membrane-bound enzyme specific for proline as the penultimate residue at the amino-terminus of the polypeptide chain.	Proline	172-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-83
11933456-1	2002	The use of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV) staining by azo-coupling in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics of thyroid lesions is presented.	azo-coupling	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-39
11933456-1	2002	The use of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DPP IV) staining by azo-coupling in preoperative and intraoperative diagnostics of thyroid lesions is presented.	azo-coupling	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
12458328-4	2002	From an accrual of 70 healthy individuals and 99 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma, the levels of soluble DPPIV/CD26 were defined by colored enzymatic spectrophotometric response on the Gly-Pro-Paranitroaniline substrate.	gly-pro-paranitroaniline	202-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
12458328-4	2002	From an accrual of 70 healthy individuals and 99 patients diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma, the levels of soluble DPPIV/CD26 were defined by colored enzymatic spectrophotometric response on the Gly-Pro-Paranitroaniline substrate.	gly-pro-paranitroaniline	202-226	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-132
15765627-9	2002	The importance of DPP-IV for glucose control is illustrated by the phenotype of rodents with genetic inactivation of DPP-IV which exhibit reduced glycemic excursion and increased levels of circulating GLP-1 in vivo.	Glucose	29-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
15765627-9	2002	The importance of DPP-IV for glucose control is illustrated by the phenotype of rodents with genetic inactivation of DPP-IV which exhibit reduced glycemic excursion and increased levels of circulating GLP-1 in vivo.	Glucose	29-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-123
15765627-10	2002	Inhibitors of DPP-IV potentiate incretin action by preventing degradation of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and lower blood glucose in normal rodents and in experimental models of diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
15765627-10	2002	Inhibitors of DPP-IV potentiate incretin action by preventing degradation of GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, and lower blood glucose in normal rodents and in experimental models of diabetes mellitus.	Glucose	145-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
11739156-3	2001	Removal of NH(2)-terminal dipeptides by CD26/DPP IV alters chemokine receptor binding and signaling, and hence inflammatory and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities.	Dipeptides	26-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
11739156-3	2001	Removal of NH(2)-terminal dipeptides by CD26/DPP IV alters chemokine receptor binding and signaling, and hence inflammatory and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities.	Dipeptides	26-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
11739156-6	2001	Processing of IP-10 and I-TAC by CD26/DPP IV resulted in reduced CXCR3-binding properties, loss of calcium-signaling capacity through CXCR3, and more than 10-fold reduced chemotactic potency.	Calcium	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
11739156-6	2001	Processing of IP-10 and I-TAC by CD26/DPP IV resulted in reduced CXCR3-binding properties, loss of calcium-signaling capacity through CXCR3, and more than 10-fold reduced chemotactic potency.	Calcium	99-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
11739555-6	2001	These results, along with absence of total-ADA modulation, the variable amount of ADA found in purified plasma membranes, and the different effect of Brefeldin A on the surface presence of ADA and CD26 indicated that cytokines regulate the translocation of ADA towards the cell surface through a mechanism not involving CD26.	Brefeldin A	150-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	197-201
11737260-3	2001	CD26 is a lymphocyte membrane-associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is able to inactivate chemokines such as RANTES or eotaxin by cleaving dipeptides from the NH2-terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	152-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
11737260-3	2001	CD26 is a lymphocyte membrane-associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is able to inactivate chemokines such as RANTES or eotaxin by cleaving dipeptides from the NH2-terminus of proteins.	Dipeptides	152-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-72
11696365-3	2001	DPPIV/CD26 sequentially cleaves off two dipeptides of VIP, PACAP27, PACAP38 and GRP.	Dipeptides	40-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
11696365-3	2001	DPPIV/CD26 sequentially cleaves off two dipeptides of VIP, PACAP27, PACAP38 and GRP.	Dipeptides	40-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
11241273-10	2001	Diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, was without effect.	diprotin A	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
11389867-1	2001	A proline-specific dipeptidyl aminopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5), was purified from a cell sonicate soluble fraction of Prevotella loescheii ATCC 15930 by sequential column chromatography.	Proline	2-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
11337057-6	2001	Diprotin-A, a potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, provided significant inhibition of the degradation of ENI in the presence of buccal epithelium.	diprotin A	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
11282022-3	2001	In HT-29 G(-) cells, but not in Caco-2 cells, DPP-IV and CD44 failed to be targeted to the apical or basolateral membrane, respectively, and accumulated inside intracytoplasmic vesicles together with GalNAcalpha-O-bn metabolites.	1-benzyl-2-acetamido-2-galactopyranoside	200-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
11282022-5	2001	In these cells, DPP-IV and CD44 lost the sialic acid residue substituting the O-linked core 1 structure Galbeta1-3GalNAc (T-antigen).	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	41-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-22
11298136-9	2001	The results obtained during a three year period in the proliferation assays show an impaired PMA (phorbol myristate acetate) activation in specific T lymphocyte activation pathways (CD69, CD26, CD28, CD3, PHA, PWM and Con A mediated) but not in others (CD2, ionomycin, and Ig surface receptor).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	98-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-192
11289473-8	2001	In pooled human plasma, metformin (0.1-0.5 microg/ml) significantly inhibited degradation of GLP-1(7-36)amide after a 30-min incubation at 37 degrees C; similar results were obtained in a buffer solution containing DPP-IV.	Metformin	24-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	215-221
11593028-6	2001	Our results therefore indicate a mechanism whereby CD26 engagement promotes aggregation of lipid rafts and facilitates colocalization of CD45 to T cell receptor signaling molecules p56(Lck), ZAP-70, and TCRzeta, thereby enhancing protein tyrosine phosphorylation of various signaling molecules and subsequent interleukin-2 production.	Tyrosine	238-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
11585756-0	2001	Expression of CD26 and its associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity enhances sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M checkpoint.	Doxorubicin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
11585756-0	2001	Expression of CD26 and its associated dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme activity enhances sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M checkpoint.	Doxorubicin	102-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-61
11585756-2	2001	In this study, we report that surface expression of CD26, through its associated DPPIV enzyme activity, enhanced sensitivity of Jurkat T-cell transfectants to G(2)-M arrest induced by the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin.	Doxorubicin	211-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
11585756-4	2001	In addition, we demonstrate that the addition of exogenous soluble DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of lymphoid tumor cell lines to doxorubicin, suggesting a potentially useful clinical role for CD26/DPPIV in the treatment of selected human hematological malignancies.	Doxorubicin	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
11585756-4	2001	In addition, we demonstrate that the addition of exogenous soluble DPPIV enhanced sensitivity of lymphoid tumor cell lines to doxorubicin, suggesting a potentially useful clinical role for CD26/DPPIV in the treatment of selected human hematological malignancies.	Doxorubicin	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
11555388-3	2001	CD26 costimulates both the CD3 and the CD2 dependent T-cell activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of TCR/CD3 signal transduction pathway proteins.	Tyrosine	75-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11554413-3	2001	GIP1-42 is a substrate of the circulating enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, which removes the N-terminal peptide Tyr-Ala resulting in the inactive polypeptide GIP3-42.	Tyr-Ala	111-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
11394909-8	2001	Our results suggest that DPPIV inhibition is a rational strategy to treat diabetic patients by improving glucose tolerance with low risk of hypoglycemia.	Glucose	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11284727-5	2001	Only the highly sialylated Pg 2gamma, Pg 2delta and Pg 2epsilon glycoforms bind to DPP IV via their carbohydrate chains and induce a Ca(2+) signalling cascade; however, Pg 2epsilon alone is also able to significantly stimulate expression of MMP-9.	pg 2epsilon	52-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
11284727-5	2001	Only the highly sialylated Pg 2gamma, Pg 2delta and Pg 2epsilon glycoforms bind to DPP IV via their carbohydrate chains and induce a Ca(2+) signalling cascade; however, Pg 2epsilon alone is also able to significantly stimulate expression of MMP-9.	Carbohydrates	100-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
11160254-3	2001	We used the reversible DP IV inhibitor Lys[Z(NO(2))]-pyrrolidide (I40) to dissect the role of DP IV in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and to explore the therapeutic potential of DP IV inhibition for autoimmunity.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	39-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
11287101-2	2001	In HUVECs, NPY is co-localized with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) which cleaves Tyr(1)-Pro(2) from NPY(1-36) to form NPY(3-36) resulting in the formation of a non-Y1 receptor agonist, which remains angiogenic.	Tyrosine	82-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-59
11287101-2	2001	In HUVECs, NPY is co-localized with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) which cleaves Tyr(1)-Pro(2) from NPY(1-36) to form NPY(3-36) resulting in the formation of a non-Y1 receptor agonist, which remains angiogenic.	Tyrosine	82-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
11012666-6	2000	The full-length DPP8 cDNA codes for an 882-amino-acid protein that has about 27% identity and 51% similarity to DPPIV and FAP, but no transmembrane domain and no N-linked or O-linked glycosylation.	Nitrogen	23-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
11111019-4	2001	Incubation of glucagon with purified porcine dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) yielded sequential production of glucagon(3-29) and glucagon(5-29).	Glucagon	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
11111019-4	2001	Incubation of glucagon with purified porcine dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) yielded sequential production of glucagon(3-29) and glucagon(5-29).	Glucagon	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
11111019-5	2001	In human serum, degradation to glucagon(3-29) was rapidly followed by N-terminal cyclization of glucagon, preventing further DP IV-mediated hydrolysis.	Glucagon	31-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
11111019-5	2001	In human serum, degradation to glucagon(3-29) was rapidly followed by N-terminal cyclization of glucagon, preventing further DP IV-mediated hydrolysis.	Glucagon	96-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
11111019-6	2001	Bioassay of glucagon, following incubation with purified DP IV or normal rat serum demonstrated a significant loss of hyperglycemic activity, while a similar incubation in DP IV-deficient rat serum did not show any loss of glucagon bioactivity.	Glucagon	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
11111019-7	2001	Degradation, monitored by mass spectrometry and bioassay, was blocked by the specific DP IV inhibitor, isoleucyl thiazolidine.	isoleucyl-thiazolidine	103-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-91
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-pro	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-pro	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-pro	165-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-ala	194-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-ala	194-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	xaa-ala	194-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	Dipeptides	202-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	Dipeptides	202-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
11284388-4	2001	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), which is identical to the lymphocyte surface glycoprotein CD26, is unique among these peptidases because of its ability to liberate Xaa-Pro and less efficiently Xaa-Ala dipeptides from the N-terminus of regulatory peptides.	Dipeptides	202-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
11284388-14	2001	The improved glucose tolerance in several animal models for type II diabetes points to specific DPPIV inhibition as a pharmaceutical approach for type 2 diabetes drug development.	Glucose	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
11067927-5	2000	In this paper we show that QPP, like CD26/DPPIV, is synthesized with a propeptide and undergoes N:-glycosylation.	propeptide	71-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
11067927-5	2000	In this paper we show that QPP, like CD26/DPPIV, is synthesized with a propeptide and undergoes N:-glycosylation.	Nitrogen	96-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
11067927-5	2000	In this paper we show that QPP, like CD26/DPPIV, is synthesized with a propeptide and undergoes N:-glycosylation.	Nitrogen	96-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
11067872-2	2000	CD26-bound ADA has been postulated to regulate extracellular adenosine levels and to modulate the costimulatory function of CD26 on T lymphocytes.	Adenosine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11067927-5	2000	In this paper we show that QPP, like CD26/DPPIV, is synthesized with a propeptide and undergoes N:-glycosylation.	propeptide	71-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
11227212-1	2000	We recently isolated and cloned an intracellular post-proline cleaving aminodipeptidase, quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP), which has a substrate specificity very similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	Proline	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-212
11227212-1	2000	We recently isolated and cloned an intracellular post-proline cleaving aminodipeptidase, quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP), which has a substrate specificity very similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	Proline	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-218
11227212-1	2000	We recently isolated and cloned an intracellular post-proline cleaving aminodipeptidase, quiescent cell proline dipeptidase (QPP), which has a substrate specificity very similar to that of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	Proline	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	219-224
11012666-8	2000	Purified recombinant DPP8 hydrolyzed the DPPIV substrates Ala-Pro, Arg-Pro and Gly-Pro.	alanylproline	58-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
11012666-8	2000	Purified recombinant DPP8 hydrolyzed the DPPIV substrates Ala-Pro, Arg-Pro and Gly-Pro.	arginylproline	67-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
11012666-8	2000	Purified recombinant DPP8 hydrolyzed the DPPIV substrates Ala-Pro, Arg-Pro and Gly-Pro.	glycylproline	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
10900005-0	2000	Internalization of CD26 by mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor contributes to T cell activation.	mannose-6-phosphate	27-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
11465081-7	2000	Dipeptidylpeptidase IV, UGTs and tubulin have been identified as intra-hepatic targets of adduct formation by acyl glucuronides.	acyl glucuronides	110-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
10951221-0	2000	Molecular characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase activity in serum: soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV is responsible for the release of X-Pro dipeptides.	x-pro	141-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
10951221-0	2000	Molecular characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase activity in serum: soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV is responsible for the release of X-Pro dipeptides.	x-pro	141-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
10951221-0	2000	Molecular characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase activity in serum: soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV is responsible for the release of X-Pro dipeptides.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
10951221-0	2000	Molecular characterization of dipeptidyl peptidase activity in serum: soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV is responsible for the release of X-Pro dipeptides.	Dipeptides	147-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-106
10867015-2	2000	This enzyme cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptides from proteins, an unusual substrate specificity shared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	n-terminal xaa-pro dipeptides	20-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-133
10867015-2	2000	This enzyme cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptides from proteins, an unusual substrate specificity shared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	n-terminal xaa-pro dipeptides	20-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
10867015-2	2000	This enzyme cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro dipeptides from proteins, an unusual substrate specificity shared with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPPIV).	n-terminal xaa-pro dipeptides	20-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-145
10913352-0	2000	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV/CD26) mRNA expression in PWM-stimulated T-cells is suppressed by specific DP IV inhibition, an effect mediated by TGF-beta(1).	dp	25-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
10913352-2	2000	Here we show for the first time that the changes observed in cytokine mRNA expression are dose-dependently suppressed by the specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor Lys[Z(NO(2))]-thiazolidide.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	168-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-157
10913301-2	2000	Dipeptidylpeptidase IV cleaves GLP-2 at the position 2 alanine, resulting in the inactivation of peptide activity.	Alanine	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
10915049-1	2000	Structure-activity relationship within a series of 1-aminoalkylisoquinoline-4-carboxylates as inhibitors of DPP-IV is described.	1-aminoalkylisoquinoline-4-carboxylates	51-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-114
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	mannose-6-phosphate	45-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	mannose-6-phosphate	45-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	mannose-6-phosphate	156-175	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	mannose-6-phosphate	105-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	mannose-6-phosphate	105-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	Carbohydrates	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-146
10900005-5	2000	In the present study, we have identified the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (M6P/IGFIIR) as a binding protein for CD26 and that mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) residues in the carbohydrate moiety of CD26 are critical for this binding.	Carbohydrates	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	221-225
10900005-6	2000	Activation of peripheral blood T cells results in the mannose 6 phosphorylation of CD26.	Mannose	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
10900005-8	2000	Finally, both internalization of CD26 and the T cell proliferative response induced by CD26-mediated costimulation were inhibited by the addition of M6P, but not by glucose 6-phosphate or mannose 1-phosphate.	mannose-6-phosphate	149-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
10900005-8	2000	Finally, both internalization of CD26 and the T cell proliferative response induced by CD26-mediated costimulation were inhibited by the addition of M6P, but not by glucose 6-phosphate or mannose 1-phosphate.	mannose-6-phosphate	149-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
10900005-8	2000	Finally, both internalization of CD26 and the T cell proliferative response induced by CD26-mediated costimulation were inhibited by the addition of M6P, but not by glucose 6-phosphate or mannose 1-phosphate.	Glucose-6-Phosphate	165-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
10900005-9	2000	These results indicate that internalization of CD26 after cross-linking is mediated in part by M6P/IGFIIR and that the interaction between mannose 6-phosphorylated CD26 and M6P/IGFIIR may play an important role in CD26-mediated T cell costimulatory signaling.	Mannose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
10900005-9	2000	These results indicate that internalization of CD26 after cross-linking is mediated in part by M6P/IGFIIR and that the interaction between mannose 6-phosphorylated CD26 and M6P/IGFIIR may play an important role in CD26-mediated T cell costimulatory signaling.	Mannose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-168
10900005-9	2000	These results indicate that internalization of CD26 after cross-linking is mediated in part by M6P/IGFIIR and that the interaction between mannose 6-phosphorylated CD26 and M6P/IGFIIR may play an important role in CD26-mediated T cell costimulatory signaling.	Mannose	139-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-168
11004527-1	2000	Aminopeptidase P (APP), dipeptidyl peptidase II (DP II), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) are proline specific peptidases.	Proline	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
10896952-3	2000	Studying the effect of amino acid exchanges in the N-terminal three positions of the Tat(1-9) sequence, we found that tryptophan in position 2 strongly improves DP IV inhibition.	Tryptophan	118-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-166
10896952-4	2000	NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling show that the effect of Trp(2)-Tat(1-9) could not be explained by significant alterations in the backbone structure and suggest that tryptophan enters favorable interactions with DP IV.	Tryptophan	64-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	219-224
10896952-4	2000	NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling show that the effect of Trp(2)-Tat(1-9) could not be explained by significant alterations in the backbone structure and suggest that tryptophan enters favorable interactions with DP IV.	Tryptophan	173-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	219-224
10902767-6	2000	RESULTS: Bucillamine (64 microM) significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of IL-2, IFNgamma, TNFalpha, and IL-6, whereas it had no inhibitory effects on the production of IL-4 and IL-5 in the cultures with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD26 mAb.	bucillamine	9-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	248-252
11004527-3	2000	Amino acid pyrrolidides (Pyrr) and thiazolidides (Thia) are well-known product analogue inhibitors of DP IV and POP.	thiazolidides	35-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
11004527-1	2000	Aminopeptidase P (APP), dipeptidyl peptidase II (DP II), dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) and prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) are proline specific peptidases.	Proline	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
11004527-3	2000	Amino acid pyrrolidides (Pyrr) and thiazolidides (Thia) are well-known product analogue inhibitors of DP IV and POP.	amino acid pyrrolidides	0-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
11004527-3	2000	Amino acid pyrrolidides (Pyrr) and thiazolidides (Thia) are well-known product analogue inhibitors of DP IV and POP.	thia	50-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
11004527-8	2000	Thus, our studies have revealed that DP IV was only inhibited by the Z isomer of the Xaa-psi[CS-N]-Thia.	xaa-psi[cs-n]-thia	85-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
11004527-3	2000	Amino acid pyrrolidides (Pyrr) and thiazolidides (Thia) are well-known product analogue inhibitors of DP IV and POP.	pyrr	25-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	102-107
10887640-5	2000	This trial will evaluate the effect of pentostatin (Nipent), a potent adenosine deaminase inhibitor with known efficacy against T-cell malignancies, on relapsed/refractory T-cell lymphomas in relation to CD26 expression.	Pentostatin	39-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-208
15016242-3	2000	A key determinant of GLP-1 and GLP-2 bioactivity is the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, which inactivates both peptides by cleavage at the position-2 alanine.	Alanine	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
10716680-13	2000	Moreover, butyrate strongly stimulated the activity of alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV, whereas trichostatin A had no effect.	Butyrates	10-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
10702577-8	2000	Acetic acid treatment (5 mmol/L and 15 d) significantly decreased the activities of disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase, trehalase and lactase) and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme, whereas the activities of other hydrolases (alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase-N, dipeptidylpeptidase-IV and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase) were not affected.	Acetic Acid	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	263-285
10872532-3	2000	The current studies were designed to examine the effect of ageing, obesity and diabetes on GIP and DPP-IV responses to oral glucose.	Glucose	124-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-105
10678923-0	2000	Emerging family of proline-specific peptidases of Porphyromonas gingivalis: purification and characterization of serine dipeptidyl peptidase, a structural and functional homologue of mammalian prolyl dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	19-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-223
10736237-4	2000	Antibodies against integrin alpha(5)and alpha(V)and DPP IV all reduced the STBM-induced inhibition of proliferation of HUVEC, which was also reversed by added fibronectin.	stbm	75-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-58
10648832-4	2000	Here, using capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and Edman sequence analysis, we demonstrate that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of PCT(1-116), releasing the N-terminal dipeptide Ala-Pro.	Dipeptides	236-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-134
10812974-5	2000	The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from several chemokines and profoundly affect their biological activity.	Dipeptides	84-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
10812974-5	2000	The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from several chemokines and profoundly affect their biological activity.	Dipeptides	84-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-54
10812974-5	2000	The serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) removes NH2-terminal dipeptides from several chemokines and profoundly affect their biological activity.	Dipeptides	84-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-61
10701757-1	2000	Proline-specific dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP IV) is an established enzyme known to degrade neuropeptides and peptide hormones in vertebrate tissues.	Proline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
10701757-15	2000	Enzyme histochemistry for DPP IV was performed on cryostat sections of brain and intestine with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide as the substrate and Fast Blue B as the chromogen.	gly-pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide	96-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
10648832-4	2000	Here, using capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and Edman sequence analysis, we demonstrate that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of PCT(1-116), releasing the N-terminal dipeptide Ala-Pro.	Dipeptides	236-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
10648832-4	2000	Here, using capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and Edman sequence analysis, we demonstrate that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of PCT(1-116), releasing the N-terminal dipeptide Ala-Pro.	alanylproline	246-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-134
10648832-4	2000	Here, using capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and Edman sequence analysis, we demonstrate that dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of PCT(1-116), releasing the N-terminal dipeptide Ala-Pro.	alanylproline	246-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
10645005-0	2000	Regulation of CD26/DPPIV gene expression by interferons and retinoic acid in tumor B cells.	Tretinoin	60-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
10645005-0	2000	Regulation of CD26/DPPIV gene expression by interferons and retinoic acid in tumor B cells.	Tretinoin	60-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
10849742-4	2000	The DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide suppress in a dose-dependent manner DNA synthesis and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha production of the antigen-stimulated TCC.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	21-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
10849742-4	2000	The DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide suppress in a dose-dependent manner DNA synthesis and IFN-gamma, IL-4, and TNF-alpha production of the antigen-stimulated TCC.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	50-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
10849744-5	2000	The synthetic DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and -pyrrolidide suppress the DNA-synthesis of these cells in a dose-dependent manner.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	31-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
10849744-5	2000	The synthetic DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and -pyrrolidide suppress the DNA-synthesis of these cells in a dose-dependent manner.	-pyrrolidide	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
10849736-2	2000	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize nonfluorescent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) substrates Xaa-Pro-R110-Y allowing the stable covalent binding of the enzymatically released fluorescent R110-Y on cells.	rhodamine 110	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
10849736-2	2000	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize nonfluorescent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) substrates Xaa-Pro-R110-Y allowing the stable covalent binding of the enzymatically released fluorescent R110-Y on cells.	rhodamine 110	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Serine	34-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-213
10849736-2	2000	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize nonfluorescent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) substrates Xaa-Pro-R110-Y allowing the stable covalent binding of the enzymatically released fluorescent R110-Y on cells.	Xanthenes	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-118
10849736-2	2000	Rhodamine 110 (R110), a highly fluorescent xanthene dye, was used to synthesize nonfluorescent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) substrates Xaa-Pro-R110-Y allowing the stable covalent binding of the enzymatically released fluorescent R110-Y on cells.	Xanthenes	43-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
10849737-1	2000	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) is a proline specific serine protease which cleaves Xaa-Pro-dipeptides from the N-terminus of longer peptides.	xaa-pro-dipeptides	84-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
10849737-1	2000	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) is a proline specific serine protease which cleaves Xaa-Pro-dipeptides from the N-terminus of longer peptides.	xaa-pro-dipeptides	84-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
10849737-4	2000	In contrast amino acyl-2-cyanopyrrolidides inhibit DP IV according to a slow-binding mechanism with inhibition constants in the nanomolare range.	amino acyl-2-cyanopyrrolidides	12-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
11141955-1	2000	INTRODUCTION: The endothelial serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) cleaves the tyrosin-prolin dipeptide of several inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), yielding the endogenous Y2-receptor agonist NPY (3-36) which modulates sensory and parasympathetic nerve activity.	tyrosin-prolin	91-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
11141955-1	2000	INTRODUCTION: The endothelial serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) cleaves the tyrosin-prolin dipeptide of several inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), yielding the endogenous Y2-receptor agonist NPY (3-36) which modulates sensory and parasympathetic nerve activity.	Dipeptides	106-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-77
10583373-2	1999	In addition, human DPPIV, also known as the T-cell activation antigen CD26, binds adenosine deaminase (ADA) to the T-cell surface, thus protecting the T-cell from adenosine-mediated inhibition of proliferation.	Adenosine	82-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
10588446-5	1999	Based on these findings the potential clinical uses of selective DPP IV inhibitors or DPP IV-resistant analogues, especially for the insulinotropic hormone GLP-1, have been tested to enhance insulin secretion and to improve glucose tolerance in diabetic animals.	Glucose	224-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
10588446-5	1999	Based on these findings the potential clinical uses of selective DPP IV inhibitors or DPP IV-resistant analogues, especially for the insulinotropic hormone GLP-1, have been tested to enhance insulin secretion and to improve glucose tolerance in diabetic animals.	Glucose	224-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
11467771-2	2000	DPPIV has numerous functions including involvement in T-cell activation, cell adhesion, digestion of proline containing peptides in the kidney and intestines, HIV infection and apoptosis, and regulation of tumorigenicity in certain melanoma cells.	Proline	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
10853924-1	2000	The aim of this study was to examine whether anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are accompanied by lower serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), a membrane-bound serine protease that catalyses the cleavage of dipeptides from the amino-terminus of oligo- and polypeptides.	Dipeptides	236-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-148
10853924-1	2000	The aim of this study was to examine whether anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are accompanied by lower serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5), a membrane-bound serine protease that catalyses the cleavage of dipeptides from the amino-terminus of oligo- and polypeptides.	Dipeptides	236-246	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-156
10569731-6	1999	Enzymatic activity of CD26 induced by IL-1alpha on fibroblasts was determined colorimetrically in terms of Gly-Pro hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate, Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide.	Glycine	107-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
10569731-6	1999	Enzymatic activity of CD26 induced by IL-1alpha on fibroblasts was determined colorimetrically in terms of Gly-Pro hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate, Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide.	gly-pro p-nitroanilide	164-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
10569731-7	1999	Among various inhibitors tested, diprotin A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibited the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme induced by IL-1alpha was DPPIV.	diprotin A	33-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
10569731-7	1999	Among various inhibitors tested, diprotin A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibited the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme induced by IL-1alpha was DPPIV.	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	48-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-169
10569731-10	1999	The addition of cycloheximide at 2 h before IL-1alpha stimulation almost completely inhibited the accumulation of CD26 mRNA.	Cycloheximide	16-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-118
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Serine	34-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-237
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Aspartic Acid	42-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-213
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Aspartic Acid	42-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-237
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Histidine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-213
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Histidine	61-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-237
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	151-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-213
10567372-8	1999	The putative active site residues serine, aspartic acid, and histidine of QPP show an ordering of the catalytic triad similar to that seen in the post-proline cleaving exopeptidases prolylcarboxypeptidase and CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	151-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	214-237
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Leucine	117-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10634965-3	1999	METHODS: Basal, concanavalin A (Con A)-, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated lymphocyte PC-1, aminopeptidase N (APN), and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) activities were determined in 16 patients with Type 2 diabetes before and after 3 months of metformin treatment.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	45-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-161
10634965-3	1999	METHODS: Basal, concanavalin A (Con A)-, and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated lymphocyte PC-1, aminopeptidase N (APN), and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP IV) activities were determined in 16 patients with Type 2 diabetes before and after 3 months of metformin treatment.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	45-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-169
10527516-4	1999	Presented is a continuous, coupled enzyme assay for TRH-DE in which TRH-DE hydrolyzed the substrate, pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamido-4-methyl coumarin (TRHMCA), to give His-ProMCA, which was then cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) to give 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (MCA).	pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamido-4-methyl coumarin	101-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-232
10527516-4	1999	Presented is a continuous, coupled enzyme assay for TRH-DE in which TRH-DE hydrolyzed the substrate, pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamido-4-methyl coumarin (TRHMCA), to give His-ProMCA, which was then cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) to give 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (MCA).	6-methylcoumarin	136-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-232
10527516-4	1999	Presented is a continuous, coupled enzyme assay for TRH-DE in which TRH-DE hydrolyzed the substrate, pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolylamido-4-methyl coumarin (TRHMCA), to give His-ProMCA, which was then cleaved by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5) to give 7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (MCA).	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	157-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	209-232
10570924-0	1999	Two highly conserved glutamic acid residues in the predicted beta propeller domain of dipeptidyl peptidase IV are required for its enzyme activity.	Glutamic Acid	21-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
10570924-1	1999	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family and modifies the biological activities of certain chemokines and neuropeptides by cleaving their N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	189-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
10570924-1	1999	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is a member of the prolyl oligopeptidase family and modifies the biological activities of certain chemokines and neuropeptides by cleaving their N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	189-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Aspartic Acid	100-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Tryptophan	104-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Valine	109-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Isoleucine	113-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Tyrosine	122-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Glutamic Acid	126-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Glutamic Acid	130-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-2	1999	This paper reports the identification and possible significance of a novel conserved sequence motif Asp-Trp-(Val/Ile/Leu)-Tyr-Glu-Glu-Glu (DW(V/I/L)YEEE) in the predicted beta propeller domain of the DPP IV-like gene family.	Glutamic Acid	130-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	200-206
10570924-3	1999	Single amino acid point mutations in this motif identified two glutamates, at positions 205 and 206, as essential for the enzyme activity of human DPP IV.	Glutamates	63-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-153
10570924-4	1999	This observation suggests a novel role in proteolysis for residues of DPP IV distant from the Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad.	Serine	94-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
10570924-4	1999	This observation suggests a novel role in proteolysis for residues of DPP IV distant from the Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad.	Aspartic Acid	98-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
10570924-4	1999	This observation suggests a novel role in proteolysis for residues of DPP IV distant from the Ser-Asp-His catalytic triad.	Histidine	102-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
10373631-2	1999	The post proline cleaving substrate specificity makes DP IV relatively unique among other proteases.	Proline	9-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
10512614-0	1999	NVP-DPP728 (1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)- pyrrolidine), a slow-binding inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	1-(((2-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
10512614-0	1999	NVP-DPP728 (1-[[[2-[(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)- pyrrolidine), a slow-binding inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	1-(((2-((5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)amino)acetyl)-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine	12-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
10512614-6	1999	Through kinetic evaluation of DPP-IV inhibition by the D-antipode, des-cyano, and amide analogues of NVP-DPP728, it was determined that the nitrile functionality at the 2-pyrrolidine position is required, in the L-configuration, for maximal activity (K(i) of 11 nM vs K(i) values of 5.6 to &gt;300 microM for the other analogues tested).	des-cyano	67-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
10512614-6	1999	Through kinetic evaluation of DPP-IV inhibition by the D-antipode, des-cyano, and amide analogues of NVP-DPP728, it was determined that the nitrile functionality at the 2-pyrrolidine position is required, in the L-configuration, for maximal activity (K(i) of 11 nM vs K(i) values of 5.6 to &gt;300 microM for the other analogues tested).	Amides	82-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
10512614-6	1999	Through kinetic evaluation of DPP-IV inhibition by the D-antipode, des-cyano, and amide analogues of NVP-DPP728, it was determined that the nitrile functionality at the 2-pyrrolidine position is required, in the L-configuration, for maximal activity (K(i) of 11 nM vs K(i) values of 5.6 to &gt;300 microM for the other analogues tested).	dpp728	105-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
10512614-6	1999	Through kinetic evaluation of DPP-IV inhibition by the D-antipode, des-cyano, and amide analogues of NVP-DPP728, it was determined that the nitrile functionality at the 2-pyrrolidine position is required, in the L-configuration, for maximal activity (K(i) of 11 nM vs K(i) values of 5.6 to &gt;300 microM for the other analogues tested).	Nitriles	140-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
10512614-6	1999	Through kinetic evaluation of DPP-IV inhibition by the D-antipode, des-cyano, and amide analogues of NVP-DPP728, it was determined that the nitrile functionality at the 2-pyrrolidine position is required, in the L-configuration, for maximal activity (K(i) of 11 nM vs K(i) values of 5.6 to &gt;300 microM for the other analogues tested).	2-pyrrolidine	169-182	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-36
10512614-8	1999	NVP-DPP728 inhibited DPP-IV in a manner consistent with a two-step inhibition mechanism.	dpp728	4-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
10512614-9	1999	Taken together, these data suggest that NVP-DPP728 inhibits DPP-IV through formation of a novel, reversible, nitrile-dependent complex with transition state characteristics.	dpp728	44-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
10512614-9	1999	Taken together, these data suggest that NVP-DPP728 inhibits DPP-IV through formation of a novel, reversible, nitrile-dependent complex with transition state characteristics.	Nitriles	109-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
10364244-0	1999	Temporal association of the N- and O-linked glycosylation events and their implication in the polarized sorting of intestinal brush border sucrase-isomaltase, aminopeptidase N, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Nitrogen	28-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-204
10364244-7	1999	However, the polarized sorting of two of these proteins, pro-SI and DPPIV, to the apical membrane is substantially altered when O-glycans are not completely processed, while the sorting of ApN is not affected.	o-glycans	128-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
10102692-7	1999	The formation of GIP(3-42) was almost completely abolished by inhibition of plasma DPP IV with diprotin A.	diprotin A	95-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
10364244-9	1999	The results indicate that O-linked carbohydrates are at least a part of the sorting mechanism of pro-SI and DPPIV.	o-linked carbohydrates	26-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
10202035-3	1999	Human eotaxin has a penultimate proline, indicating that it might be a substrate for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV).	Proline	32-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
10101215-3	1999	The following aspects of DPP IV/CD26 will be discussed : the structure of DPP IV and the new family of serine proteases to which it belongs, the substrate specificity, the distribution in the human body, specific DPP IV inhibitors and the role of CD26 in the intestinal and renal handling of proline containing peptides, in cell adhesion, in peptide metabolism, in the immune system and in HIV infection.	Proline	292-299	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
10101215-3	1999	The following aspects of DPP IV/CD26 will be discussed : the structure of DPP IV and the new family of serine proteases to which it belongs, the substrate specificity, the distribution in the human body, specific DPP IV inhibitors and the role of CD26 in the intestinal and renal handling of proline containing peptides, in cell adhesion, in peptide metabolism, in the immune system and in HIV infection.	Proline	292-299	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
10102692-12	1999	These data demonstrate that Tyr1-glucitol GIP displays resistance to plasma DPP IV degradation and exhibits enhanced antihyperglycemic activity and insulin-releasing action in vivo.	Sorbitol	33-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-82
10230732-0	1999	New tetrazolium method for the histochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Tetrazolium Salts	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
10090787-0	1999	Structure-activity relationship of diaryl phosphonate esters as potent irreversible dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors.	diaryl phosphonate esters	35-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-107
10090787-1	1999	The previously reported diphenyl 1-(S)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(R, S)-phosphonate (5) was used as a lead compound for the development of potent and irreversible inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5).	diphenyl 1-(s)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(r, s)-phosphonate	24-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	170-193
10090787-1	1999	The previously reported diphenyl 1-(S)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(R, S)-phosphonate (5) was used as a lead compound for the development of potent and irreversible inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5).	diphenyl 1-(s)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(r, s)-phosphonate	24-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	195-201
10090787-6	1999	Therefore bis(4-acetamidophenyl) 1-(S)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(R,S)-phosphonate (11e) is considered as a major improvement and will be a highly valuable DPP IV inhibitor for further studies on the biological function of the enzyme and the therapeutic value of its inhibition.	bis(4-acetamidophenyl) 1-(s)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(r,s)-phosphonate	10-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
10090787-6	1999	Therefore bis(4-acetamidophenyl) 1-(S)-prolylpyrrolidine-2(R,S)-phosphonate (11e) is considered as a major improvement and will be a highly valuable DPP IV inhibitor for further studies on the biological function of the enzyme and the therapeutic value of its inhibition.	N-[(2-Amino-1,3-Benzothiazol-6-Yl)carbonyl]glycine	77-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
10230732-1	1999	New tetrazolium method for the histochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), based on a newly synthesized substrate Gly-L-Pro-1-hydroxy-4-naphthylamide is proposed.	Tetrazolium Salts	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
10230732-1	1999	New tetrazolium method for the histochemical localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), based on a newly synthesized substrate Gly-L-Pro-1-hydroxy-4-naphthylamide is proposed.	Tetrazolium Salts	4-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
10098663-0	1999	Nonpeptide small-molecular inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: N-phenylphthalimide analogs.	N-phenylphthalimide	66-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
10066344-6	1999	We show that the majority of anti-CD26 mAbs is directed against the glycosylation-rich region of the molecule whereas the ADA-binding site could be located in the cysteine-rich region of DPP-IV.	Cysteine	163-171	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	187-193
10098663-1	1999	A novel series of nonpeptide small-molecular dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with an N-phenylphthalimide skeleton has been developed.	N-phenylphthalimide	97-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
10098663-1	1999	A novel series of nonpeptide small-molecular dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors with an N-phenylphthalimide skeleton has been developed.	N-phenylphthalimide	97-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
10024091-4	1999	Recently, it was reported that GLP-1 became resistant to DPPIV when the alanine residue at position 8 was replaced by a glycine (GLP-1-Gly8).	Alanine	72-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
9933589-2	1999	Surprisingly, CD26/DPP IV not only removed the expected Gly1-Pro2 dipeptide from the NH2 terminus of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) but subsequently also the Tyr3-Gly4 dipeptide, generating MDC(5-69).	tyr3-gly4 dipeptide	162-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
9933589-2	1999	Surprisingly, CD26/DPP IV not only removed the expected Gly1-Pro2 dipeptide from the NH2 terminus of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) but subsequently also the Tyr3-Gly4 dipeptide, generating MDC(5-69).	tyr3-gly4 dipeptide	162-181	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-25
9933589-4	1999	The unusual processing of MDC by CD26/DPP IV was confirmed on the synthetic peptides GPYGANMED (MDC(1-9)) and YGANMED (MDC(3-9)).	Peptides	76-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
9933589-4	1999	The unusual processing of MDC by CD26/DPP IV was confirmed on the synthetic peptides GPYGANMED (MDC(1-9)) and YGANMED (MDC(3-9)).	Peptides	76-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
10024091-4	1999	Recently, it was reported that GLP-1 became resistant to DPPIV when the alanine residue at position 8 was replaced by a glycine (GLP-1-Gly8).	Glycine	120-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
9949887-4	1999	Fluorescence was mainly located in the acrosomal cap (substrates for DPP IV, subtilisin, cathepsin D, glucosidase and glucuronidase) in the middle piece and head (substrates for peroxides, glucosidase), in the sperm head (substrates for aminopeptidase A) and occasionally in the tail (substrate for glucosidase).	Peroxides	178-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-75
9895030-2	1999	Alcohol-dependent patients had significantly lower serum PEP and DPP IV activity than normal controls.	Alcohols	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
9895030-3	1999	We found that 58.3% and 50.0% of the alcohol-dependent patients, respectively, had PEP and DPP IV activities, which were lower than the mean control values minus 2 SD.	Alcohols	37-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
9792533-9	1998	Thus, DPP-IV inhibition may be an effective supplement to diet and exercise treatment in attempts to prevent the deterioration of glucose metabolism associated with the Western lifestyle.	Glucose	130-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-12
9826645-0	1998	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by fluoroolefin-containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics.	fluoroolefin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
9826645-0	1998	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV by fluoroolefin-containing N-peptidyl-O-hydroxylamine peptidomimetics.	n-peptidyl-o-hydroxylamine	65-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	194-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	194-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	194-203	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	260-267	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	260-267	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
9826645-1	1998	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5; DPP IV), also known as the leukocyte differentiation antigen CD26 when found as an extracellular membrane-bound proline specific serine protease, cleaves a dipeptide from the N terminus of a polypeptide chain containing a proline residue in the penultimate position.	Proline	260-267	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
9933434-1	1999	Based on the positive therapeutic results with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in whom we observed a clinical improvement in conjunction with the normalization of the low pretreatment dipeptidyl peptidase (DPIV, CD26) expression of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), we hypothesized that the very low DPIV expression in AIDS patients could be positively influenced by UDCA.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid	47-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	252-256
9783983-3	1998	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the activities of DPP IV with the dipeptide glycylprolyl-p-nitroanalide and its molecular forms using immunoblotting of seminal plasmas of men who were vasectomized or with different sperm concentrations, and in prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions of men undergoing prostatic surgery.	Dipeptides	69-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
9783983-3	1998	MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the activities of DPP IV with the dipeptide glycylprolyl-p-nitroanalide and its molecular forms using immunoblotting of seminal plasmas of men who were vasectomized or with different sperm concentrations, and in prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions of men undergoing prostatic surgery.	glycylprolyl-p-nitroanalide	79-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
9758695-5	1998	We have found that DPIV-specific inhibitors (Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and -piperidide) are capable of inducing intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in resting human T cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	45-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9809800-8	1998	The difference in metabolism persisted after addition of diprotin A, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, the enzyme responsible for the initial degradation of GLP-1 in plasma, and broader enzyme inhibitors.	diprotin A	57-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
9758695-5	1998	We have found that DPIV-specific inhibitors (Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and -piperidide) are capable of inducing intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in resting human T cells.	-piperidide	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9758695-5	1998	We have found that DPIV-specific inhibitors (Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and -piperidide) are capable of inducing intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation in resting human T cells.	Tyrosine	125-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9758695-8	1998	The data presented here suggest that the inhibition of DPIV enzymatic activity induces a inhibitory signal transmitted by tyrosine kinases which leads to a block in a PMA-induced downstream pathway.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	167-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
9760177-4	1998	Consistent with the molecular mass of DPP IV-beta estimated by gel-filtration chromatography, the final purified fraction, manifesting a typical DPP IV activity, showed a major biotinylated 75-80-kDa band in SDS/PAGE, thus suggesting the monomeric nature of this enzyme.	(2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium	45-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Gln-Pro	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Gln-Pro	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Gln-Pro	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Gln-Pro	150-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-66
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
9730840-13	1998	NH2-terminal truncation of rMCP-2Lys46 by the serine protease CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26/DPP IV) resulted in the cleavage of the NH2-terminal Gln-Pro dipeptide, whereas synthetic MCP-2 with an amino-terminal pGlu remained unaffected.	Dipeptides	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-103
9760177-9	1998	Our results indicate that, although DPP IV-beta and CD26 are coexpressed and manifest a typical DPP IV activity, there are distinct features in their catalytic activities that may confer to each enzyme a complementary role in peptide processing.	(2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium	43-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
9760177-9	1998	Our results indicate that, although DPP IV-beta and CD26 are coexpressed and manifest a typical DPP IV activity, there are distinct features in their catalytic activities that may confer to each enzyme a complementary role in peptide processing.	(2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium	43-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
9671214-5	1998	We conclude that hypersialylation of DPP-IV modifies surface charge of the CD26 antigen, promoting binding of HIV peptides through their cationic domains to the sialic acid residues of DPP-IV, and that certain HIV moieties are likely to engage this phenomenon as an auxiliary adhesion mechanism to fuse with cells.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	161-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
9685737-4	1998	However, the N-terminal amino acid sequence of serum DPP IV lacked the transmembrane domain of the membrane-bound enzyme and started at the 39th position, serine, from the N-terminus predicted from the cDNA nucleotide sequence.	Serine	155-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-59
9660870-5	1998	Transcytosis of two apical membrane proteins-the alkaline phosphodiesterase B10 and dipeptidyl peptidase IV-was affected to the same extent by 201-F and nocodazole.	201-f	143-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-107
9660870-5	1998	Transcytosis of two apical membrane proteins-the alkaline phosphodiesterase B10 and dipeptidyl peptidase IV-was affected to the same extent by 201-F and nocodazole.	Nocodazole	153-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-107
9671214-5	1998	We conclude that hypersialylation of DPP-IV modifies surface charge of the CD26 antigen, promoting binding of HIV peptides through their cationic domains to the sialic acid residues of DPP-IV, and that certain HIV moieties are likely to engage this phenomenon as an auxiliary adhesion mechanism to fuse with cells.	N-Acetylneuraminic Acid	161-172	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	185-191
9723150-1	1998	BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study were to examine serum activities of peptidases, i.e. prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), in patients with fibromyalgia and to examine the effects of subchronic treatment with sertraline on these variables.	Sertraline	246-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-157
9670864-3	1998	In the present study, we have examined the expression of DP IV/CD26 on six myelin basic protein (MBP)(87-99)-specific, CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as the biological effects of the two synthetic DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide on the function of these cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	267-291	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
9670864-3	1998	In the present study, we have examined the expression of DP IV/CD26 on six myelin basic protein (MBP)(87-99)-specific, CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) derived from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as well as the biological effects of the two synthetic DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide on the function of these cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	296-319	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
9632644-8	1998	Its activity was determined with the substrate Asp-Ala-Pro-naphthylamide in the presence of excess dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5).	asp-ala-pro-naphthylamide	47-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-122
9622551-1	1998	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity of CD26 is characterized by its post-proline-cleaving capacity that plays an important but not yet understood role in biological processes.	Proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
9873385-0	1998	A potent dipeptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Dipeptides	9-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-55
9622551-1	1998	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity of CD26 is characterized by its post-proline-cleaving capacity that plays an important but not yet understood role in biological processes.	Proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
9622551-1	1998	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity of CD26 is characterized by its post-proline-cleaving capacity that plays an important but not yet understood role in biological processes.	Proline	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	Peptides, Cyclic	121-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	[(alphah2n+)-lys-pro-aba	136-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	(6-ch2-s+r2)-glyn] 2tfa	161-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	alisol B 23-acetate	157-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	3-aminobenzoic acid	193-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	Proline	238-245	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-3	1998	Taking into account the substrate specificity of DPP IV for P2-P1&gt;&lt;-P1" cleavage, we have designed and synthesized cyclopeptides c[(alphaH2N+)-Lys-Pro-Aba-(6-CH2-S+R2)-Glyn] 2TFA- (Aba = 3-aminobenzoic acid, R = alkyl) possessing a proline at the P1 position and a lysine in the P2 position, which allows the closing of the cycle on its side chain.	Lysine	271-277	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-55
9622551-9	1998	Other aminopeptidases were not inhibited, and a much weaker activity was observed on a novel isoform of DPP IV referred to as DPP IV-beta.	-beta	132-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
9600965-3	1998	Here we show that both the chemotactic and antiviral activities of these chemokines are abrogated by DPPIV-mediated specific removal of the N-terminal dipeptide, not only when the chemokines are produced in transformed mouse L cell line to express human CD26 but also when they were exposed to a human T cell line (H9) physiologically expressing CD26.	Dipeptides	151-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	254-258
9645485-2	1998	Here, we clearly demonstrate that this enzyme is highly expressed also on human epidermal foreskin and split-skin keratinocytes and that the specific DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide, Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide inhibit the enzymatic activity as well as the DNA synthesis of these cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	167-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
9645485-2	1998	Here, we clearly demonstrate that this enzyme is highly expressed also on human epidermal foreskin and split-skin keratinocytes and that the specific DP IV inhibitors Lys[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide, Lys[Z(NO2)]-pyrrolidide inhibit the enzymatic activity as well as the DNA synthesis of these cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))pyrrolidide	193-216	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
9600965-3	1998	Here we show that both the chemotactic and antiviral activities of these chemokines are abrogated by DPPIV-mediated specific removal of the N-terminal dipeptide, not only when the chemokines are produced in transformed mouse L cell line to express human CD26 but also when they were exposed to a human T cell line (H9) physiologically expressing CD26.	Dipeptides	151-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	346-350
9269038-4	1997	Our methods involved the use of a rhodamine-110-conjugated dipeptide substrate specific for DPP IV in two-colour cytofluorographic analysis that allowed stimultaneous lineage marker evaluation.	rhodamine 110	34-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
9640365-3	1998	To correlate its expression with the histological stage of tumour progression of malignant melanoma (MM), we studied the distribution of CD26/DPP-IV in paraffin sections of a series of 110 benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions of the skin using a cocktail of anti-CD26 monoclonal antibodies and the three-step ABC method.	Paraffin	152-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-141
9550406-3	1997	Using CD26 deletion, human-rat swap, and point mutations, we found that the residues of L340, V341, A342, and R343 on the CD26 molecule were essential amino acids for ADA binding.	Amino Acids, Essential	141-162	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
9550406-6	1997	However, the mutated CD26 transfectants were much more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of adenosine on IL-2 production than were the wild CD26 transfectants.	Adenosine	93-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
9249015-6	1997	Recombinant DPP IV was present in high concentration in the supernatant of infected cells and exhibited enzymatic activity towards the synthetic substrate alanyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide.	alanyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide	155-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	55-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	55-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	55-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	55-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	91-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	91-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	91-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	91-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
9537431-4	1998	Engagement of CD26 in PLC/PRF/5 cells through a specific antibody induces tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with maximal intensity 15 minutes after the stimulation.	Tyrosine	74-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
9486416-0	1998	Regulation of the expression of aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase N/CD13 and dipeptidylpeptidase IV/CD26 in renal carcinoma cells and renal tubular epithelial cells by cytokines and cAMP-increasing mediators.	Cyclic AMP	181-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
9486416-0	1998	Regulation of the expression of aminopeptidase A, aminopeptidase N/CD13 and dipeptidylpeptidase IV/CD26 in renal carcinoma cells and renal tubular epithelial cells by cytokines and cAMP-increasing mediators.	Cyclic AMP	181-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
9486416-8	1998	Treatment of cultured cells with cAMP-increasing agents, such as 8-bromo-cAMP or A23187, results in an increase in APA and DPIV/CD26, but no change in APN/CD13 mRNA expression or even a decrease in it.	Cyclic AMP	33-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-132
9486416-8	1998	Treatment of cultured cells with cAMP-increasing agents, such as 8-bromo-cAMP or A23187, results in an increase in APA and DPIV/CD26, but no change in APN/CD13 mRNA expression or even a decrease in it.	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-132
9486416-8	1998	Treatment of cultured cells with cAMP-increasing agents, such as 8-bromo-cAMP or A23187, results in an increase in APA and DPIV/CD26, but no change in APN/CD13 mRNA expression or even a decrease in it.	Calcimycin	81-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-132
9550406-9	1997	Only the ADA bound to CD26 on the cell surface was functional and could counteract the inhibitory effect of elevated extracellular adenosine.	Adenosine	131-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
9379060-2	1997	Enzyme digestion of heparan sulfate (HS), but not chondroitin sulfate, from the surface of PM1(CD26H) cells (a human T cell line selected for high CD26 expression) rendered them resistant to the antiviral effects of RANTES and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta at otherwise inhibitory chemokine concentrations.	Heparitin Sulfate	20-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
9379060-2	1997	Enzyme digestion of heparan sulfate (HS), but not chondroitin sulfate, from the surface of PM1(CD26H) cells (a human T cell line selected for high CD26 expression) rendered them resistant to the antiviral effects of RANTES and macrophage-inflammatory protein-1beta at otherwise inhibitory chemokine concentrations.	Heparitin Sulfate	37-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
9252108-3	1997	The majority of DPP IV isolated from total seminal plasma consists of the extracellular part of the protein starting at Gly-31.	Glycine	120-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-22
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	0-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-142
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	0-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	0-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
9272576-1	1997	Phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2 nitrile (Phe-pyrr-2-CN) and arginyl(PMC)-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile (Arg(PMC)-pyrr-2-CN) are two dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26 (DPP-IV/CD26) inhibitors designed and synthesized by our group.	phenylalanyl-pyrrolidine-2-nitrile	0-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	156-160
9228301-2	1997	METHOD: DPP IV activity was detected with H-Gly-Pro-4M2NA as the substrate in placental cryostat sections from 65 patients with gestational hypertension and 67 patients with uncomplicated pregnancies.	h-gly-pro-4m2na	42-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-14
9269038-4	1997	Our methods involved the use of a rhodamine-110-conjugated dipeptide substrate specific for DPP IV in two-colour cytofluorographic analysis that allowed stimultaneous lineage marker evaluation.	Dipeptides	59-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
9135555-0	1997	Cross-linking of CD26 by antibody induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.	Tyrosine	42-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
9161885-2	1997	Triggering or costimulation of T-cells via CD26 was shown to be dependent on the expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) associated zeta-chain with at least one functional immune receptor tyrosine based activation motif (ITAM).	Tyrosine	188-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
9168405-4	1997	These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PTX on T cell activation involves the CD3 and CD26, but not the CD28 signal pathway.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
9135555-3	1997	In this study we demonstrate that antibody-induced cross-linking of CD26-in CD26-transfected Jurkat cells induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins with a similar pattern to that seen after TCR/CD3 stimulation.	Tyrosine	114-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
9135555-3	1997	In this study we demonstrate that antibody-induced cross-linking of CD26-in CD26-transfected Jurkat cells induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several intracellular proteins with a similar pattern to that seen after TCR/CD3 stimulation.	Tyrosine	114-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
9135555-4	1997	Herbimycin A, an inhibitor of the src family protein tyrosine kinases dramatically inhibited this CD26-mediated effect on tyrosine phosphorylation.	herbimycin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
9135555-4	1997	Herbimycin A, an inhibitor of the src family protein tyrosine kinases dramatically inhibited this CD26-mediated effect on tyrosine phosphorylation.	Tyrosine	53-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
9135555-6	1997	CD26-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of MAP kinase correlated with increased MAP kinase activity.	Tyrosine	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
9135555-7	1997	In addition, CD26 was costimulatory to CD3 signal transduction since co-cross-linking of CD26 and CD3 antigens induced prolonged and increased tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with CD3 activation alone.	Tyrosine	143-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
9135555-7	1997	In addition, CD26 was costimulatory to CD3 signal transduction since co-cross-linking of CD26 and CD3 antigens induced prolonged and increased tyrosine phosphorylation in comparison with CD3 activation alone.	Tyrosine	143-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
9330689-3	1997	DP IV/CD26 inhibitors induce TGF-beta 1 mRNA synthesis and latent protein release demonstrating a crucial role of TGF-beta 1 in mediating CD26 function.	dp	0-2	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-10
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Dipeptides	191-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Dipeptides	191-201	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Proline	233-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Proline	233-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	244-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
9149329-1	1997	Previous research in this laboratory has shown that major depression is accompanied by decreased serum activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), a serine protease that cleaves N terminal dipeptides from peptides with penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	244-251	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
9149329-5	1997	In normal and major depressed subjects, there were significant and positive relationships between serum DPP IV activity and total serum protein, serum albumin, zinc, iron and transferrin.	Iron	166-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
9330689-3	1997	DP IV/CD26 inhibitors induce TGF-beta 1 mRNA synthesis and latent protein release demonstrating a crucial role of TGF-beta 1 in mediating CD26 function.	dp	0-2	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
9330691-0	1997	The effect of anti-CD26 antibodies on DNA synthesis and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) depends on enzymatic activity of DP IV/CD26.	dp	137-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
9204385-0	1997	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by peptide boronic acid dipeptides.	Boronic Acids	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
9330691-0	1997	The effect of anti-CD26 antibodies on DNA synthesis and cytokine production (IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) depends on enzymatic activity of DP IV/CD26.	dp	137-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
9330697-2	1997	This protein, referred to as DPP IV-beta, shows a higher KM value for Gly-Pro-pNA than CD26 (0.31 mM compared to 0.11 mM, respectively).	-beta	35-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
9330697-2	1997	This protein, referred to as DPP IV-beta, shows a higher KM value for Gly-Pro-pNA than CD26 (0.31 mM compared to 0.11 mM, respectively).	Gly-Pro-pNA	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
9266284-5	1997	However, in the presence of dipeptidylpeptidase IV/CD26 and neutral endopeptidase/CD10 inhibitors (diprotin A and thiorphan, respectively), the effect of substance P on mitogen-induced proliferation was significantly increased.	diprotin A	99-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
9266284-5	1997	However, in the presence of dipeptidylpeptidase IV/CD26 and neutral endopeptidase/CD10 inhibitors (diprotin A and thiorphan, respectively), the effect of substance P on mitogen-induced proliferation was significantly increased.	Thiorphan	114-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
9204385-3	1997	Rate constants were determined for the inhibition of DPPIV using several peptide boronates at different pH values.	boronates	81-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
9204385-0	1997	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by peptide boronic acid dipeptides.	Boronic Acids	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
9204385-0	1997	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by peptide boronic acid dipeptides.	Dipeptides	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
9204385-4	1997	Val-boroPro forms the most tightly bound complex with DPPIV; the first order half life for dissociation of the inactive enzyme-inhibitor complex at 23 degrees C is approximately 27 days.	PT-100 dipeptide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
9204385-0	1997	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26) by peptide boronic acid dipeptides.	Dipeptides	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
8986139-0	1996	Effect of deoxycoformycin and Val-boroPro on the associated catalytic activities of lymphocyte CD26 and ecto-adenosine deaminase.	Pentostatin	10-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
8986139-0	1996	Effect of deoxycoformycin and Val-boroPro on the associated catalytic activities of lymphocyte CD26 and ecto-adenosine deaminase.	PT-100 dipeptide	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
8798518-2	1996	The incretins glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP1-42) and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36)-amide (GLP-17-36), hormones that potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas, are substrates of the circulating exopeptidase dipeptidyl peptidase IV and are rendered biologically inactive upon cleavage of their N-terminal dipeptides.	Amides	104-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	258-281
8884640-5	1996	Staining with Gly-Pro-MNA and Ala-Pro-MNA in alkaline buffer for DPP IV was localized in some CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes, CD68 positive macrophages, and fibroblasts and these cells also reacted with the enzyme antibody.	gly-pro-mna	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
9183643-1	1996	CD26 is a 110 kDa T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPPIV enzyme activity which cleaves amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Dipeptides	122-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
9183643-1	1996	CD26 is a 110 kDa T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPPIV enzyme activity which cleaves amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Proline	145-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
9183643-1	1996	CD26 is a 110 kDa T cell activation antigen and has been shown to have DPPIV enzyme activity which cleaves amino-terminal dipeptides with either L-proline or L-alanine at the penultimate position.	Alanine	158-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
9183643-5	1996	Moreover, ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26 and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	205-214	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-137
8884640-5	1996	Staining with Gly-Pro-MNA and Ala-Pro-MNA in alkaline buffer for DPP IV was localized in some CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes, CD68 positive macrophages, and fibroblasts and these cells also reacted with the enzyme antibody.	ala-pro-mna	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
8645710-0	1996	Dipeptide-derived diphenyl phosphonate esters: mechanism-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	dipeptide-derived diphenyl phosphonate esters	0-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-100
8897476-5	1996	These approaches reveal that NPY is processed at its N-terminus by two proline-preferring aminopeptidases: aminopeptidase P and dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-151
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Dipeptides	184-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Dipeptides	184-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Dipeptides	184-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Proline	206-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Proline	206-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-109
8706727-1	1996	The T-cell activation antigen CD26, is a type II membrane glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity, characterized by its capacity to cleave off N-terminal dipeptides containing proline as the penultimate residue.	Proline	206-213	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	111-117
8706727-6	1996	A partially purified preparation of CD26 from human MOLT4 cells, and the DPP IV-beta expressed on intact cells were found to possess similar catalytic activity and pH optimum.	(2-benzoylethyl)trimethylammonium	80-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
8706727-9	1996	Gel-filtration experiments using 0.5% Triton X-100 extracts from C8166 and MOLT4 cells, revealed that the apparent molecular mass of DPP IV-beta is 82 kDa, whereas that of CD26 is 110 kDa as expected.	Octoxynol	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-139
8645710-1	1996	A number of dipeptide diphenyl phosphonate esters were studied as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, focusing on the role of the P2 residue in the inactivation process.	dipeptide diphenyl phosphonate esters	12-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
8645710-5	1996	This indicates that, as in the case of trypsin-like proteinases, dipeptide diphenyl phosphonate esters form a covalent adduct with the catalytic site of DPP IV, even though this enzyme belongs to a completely distinct class of serine peptidases.	dipeptide diphenyl phosphonate esters	65-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	153-159
8645710-10	1996	Due to their stability and the irreversible nature of the inhibition, the diphenyl phosphonate esters promise to be useful tools in the continuing investigation of the physiological function of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diphenyl phosphonate esters	74-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-217
8642568-0	1996	Structure-activity relationships of boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Boronic Acids	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-86
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	prolineboronic acid	12-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	prolineboronic acid	12-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-172
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	boropro	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	boropro	33-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-172
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	Dipeptides	53-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
8642568-3	1996	A series of prolineboronic acid (boroPro) containing dipeptides were synthesized and assayed for their ability to inhibit the serine protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	Dipeptides	53-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-172
8652620-5	1996	In contrast, the reactivity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and prolyl endopeptidase decreases more than two orders of magnitude towards the phosphorylated di- and tripeptide substrates compared to the hydrolysis of unmodified substrates.	di- and tripeptide	151-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
8635502-4	1996	Consequently, murine cell clones expressing either the wild-type or mutated form of human CD26 were found to bind specifically bovine 125I-labeled ADA with a high affinity (KD = 12 +/- 2 nM and 11 +/- 4 nM, respectively).	Iodine-125	134-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
8635502-10	1996	The 125I-labeled ADA-specific binding to human CD26 was not affected by Tat, even at concentrations which induced cell death.	Iodine-125	4-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
8925885-4	1996	N-terminal modification of Tat with rhodamine prevented inhibition of enzymatic activity of DP IV as well as suppression of DNA synthesis of mitogen-stimulated human T cells.	Rhodamines	36-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
8568233-7	1996	On the other hand, cells expressing ADA and CD26 on the surface were much more resistant to the inhibitory effect of adenosine.	Adenosine	117-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
8568233-8	1996	These data suggest that ADA on the cell surface is involved in an important immunoregulatory mechanism by which released ADA binds to cell surface CD26, and this complex is capable of reducing the local concentration of adenosine.	Adenosine	220-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-151
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	Glycine	86-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8852605-2	1996	Previously, it was shown that Tat can bind to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and inhibit the degradation of the chromogenic substrate Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	145-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
8852605-2	1996	Previously, it was shown that Tat can bind to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and inhibit the degradation of the chromogenic substrate Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	145-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
8852605-2	1996	Previously, it was shown that Tat can bind to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV, CD26) and inhibit the degradation of the chromogenic substrate Gly-Pro-p-nitroanilide.	gly-pro-p-nitroanilide	145-167	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
8852605-9	1996	These data strongly suggest that Tat protein is a potent "natural" inhibitor of DP IV/CD26, and they support the hypothesis that DPIV plays a role in Tat"s immunosuppressive activity.	dpiv	129-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	Serine	15-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	Serine	15-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	diprotin A	176-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	Glutamine	113-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	diprotin A	176-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	151-156
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	Glutamic Acid	118-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	p-chloromercuribenzoate	199-222	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	Serine	126-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	Dipeptides	131-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8951616-4	1996	Gly-X dipeptides increase not only an apparent Km of serum DPPIV for glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide nearly 10-fold, but also an apparent kcat nearly 4-fold.	gly-x dipeptides	0-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	(4-carboxyphenyl)-chloro-mercury	224-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	Mercaptoethanol	232-249	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	Mercuric Chloride	251-256	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-4	1996	Gly-X dipeptides increase not only an apparent Km of serum DPPIV for glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide nearly 10-fold, but also an apparent kcat nearly 4-fold.	glycylproline	69-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	Cadmium Chloride	258-263	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-4	1996	Gly-X dipeptides increase not only an apparent Km of serum DPPIV for glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide nearly 10-fold, but also an apparent kcat nearly 4-fold.	3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	86-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	strontium chloride	265-270	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-2	1996	Serum DPPIV, a serine enzyme with an apparent mass of 250 kDa, consists of two identical subunits with an apparent mass of 100 kDa and is inhibited by DPPIV-specific inhibitor Diprotin A and also by p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB), 2-mercaptoethanol, HgCl2, CdCl2, SrCl2, and ZnCl2.	zinc chloride	276-281	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
8951616-5	1996	This mechanism is unclear, but one possibility is that Gly-Pro from substrate might bind amino acids or dipeptides instead of water molecules as DPPIV transpeptidyl activity reported previously.	glycylproline	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
8951616-3	1996	One of the remarkable properties of DPPIV is that its activity is greatly enhanced by Gly-X (X: especially, Gly, Gln, Glu and Ser) dipeptides.	gly-x	86-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8951616-5	1996	This mechanism is unclear, but one possibility is that Gly-Pro from substrate might bind amino acids or dipeptides instead of water molecules as DPPIV transpeptidyl activity reported previously.	Dipeptides	104-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
8951616-5	1996	This mechanism is unclear, but one possibility is that Gly-Pro from substrate might bind amino acids or dipeptides instead of water molecules as DPPIV transpeptidyl activity reported previously.	Water	126-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-150
7622556-2	1995	Transport to these sites was studied by example of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the serine peptidase dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) after labeling these proteins with the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester of biotin on the cell surface.	n-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester	177-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-129
8526932-0	1995	The cysteine-rich region of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) is the collagen-binding site.	Cysteine	4-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
8526932-0	1995	The cysteine-rich region of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD 26) is the collagen-binding site.	Cysteine	4-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
8526932-5	1995	A monoclonal anti DPP IV antibody (13.4) specifically inhibited the interaction of DPP IV with collagen I. Peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing revealed that the corresponding epitope of mAb 13.4 is located in the cysteine-rich domain of DPP IV.	Cysteine	219-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-24
8526932-5	1995	A monoclonal anti DPP IV antibody (13.4) specifically inhibited the interaction of DPP IV with collagen I. Peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing revealed that the corresponding epitope of mAb 13.4 is located in the cysteine-rich domain of DPP IV.	Cysteine	219-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
8526932-5	1995	A monoclonal anti DPP IV antibody (13.4) specifically inhibited the interaction of DPP IV with collagen I. Peptide mapping and N-terminal sequencing revealed that the corresponding epitope of mAb 13.4 is located in the cysteine-rich domain of DPP IV.	Cysteine	219-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
8574390-1	1995	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV)-catalyzed hydrolysis of the NH2-X-Pro-containing N-terminal dodecapeptide of IL-2 was studied using free zone capillary electrophoresis as an alternative peptidase assay.	nh2-x-pro	60-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
8574390-1	1995	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV)-catalyzed hydrolysis of the NH2-X-Pro-containing N-terminal dodecapeptide of IL-2 was studied using free zone capillary electrophoresis as an alternative peptidase assay.	nh2-x-pro	60-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
8574390-2	1995	In contrast to the conventional DP IV substrate glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA), the hydrolysis of this peptide by DP IV was found to be significantly inhibited by anti-DP IV antibodies.	glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide	48-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
8574390-2	1995	In contrast to the conventional DP IV substrate glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA), the hydrolysis of this peptide by DP IV was found to be significantly inhibited by anti-DP IV antibodies.	glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide	48-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
8574390-2	1995	In contrast to the conventional DP IV substrate glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA), the hydrolysis of this peptide by DP IV was found to be significantly inhibited by anti-DP IV antibodies.	Gly-Pro-pNA	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
8574390-2	1995	In contrast to the conventional DP IV substrate glycyl-prolyl-p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA), the hydrolysis of this peptide by DP IV was found to be significantly inhibited by anti-DP IV antibodies.	Gly-Pro-pNA	78-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	126-131
7622556-2	1995	Transport to these sites was studied by example of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the serine peptidase dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) after labeling these proteins with the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester of biotin on the cell surface.	n-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester	177-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
7622556-2	1995	Transport to these sites was studied by example of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the serine peptidase dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) after labeling these proteins with the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester of biotin on the cell surface.	Biotin	212-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-129
7622556-2	1995	Transport to these sites was studied by example of the transferrin receptor (TfR) and the serine peptidase dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) after labeling these proteins with the N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester of biotin on the cell surface.	Biotin	212-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
7573771-5	1995	We show that EtOH significantly alters the expression of the CD4 cell-associated marker of activation, CD26.	Ethanol	13-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-107
7539799-8	1995	Epitope analysis showed that monoclonal antibodies against five epitopes expressed by rsCD26 also bound, but more weakly, with serum DPPIV.	rscd26	86-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-138
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	glycylproline	31-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-120
7883856-7	1995	Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV or low temperature (4 C) completely prevented formation of the metabolite, which was confirmed to be GLP-1-(9-36)amide by mass spectrometry and sequence analysis.	Amides	151-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
7721339-4	1995	Furthermore, synthetic peptides containing both the catalytic domain of CD26 and CDRH2 of the antibody showed specific binding to an HIV peptide representing the V3 region in a dose-dependent manner.	Peptides	23-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-76
7590918-0	1995	Enzymatic activity of DPIV/CD26 is involved in PMA-induced hyperphosphorylation of p56lck.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	47-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
7657729-0	1995	Rapid sequestration of DPP IV/CD26 and other cell surface proteins in an autophagic-like compartment in Caco-2 cells treated with forskolin.	Colforsin	130-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-29
7657729-0	1995	Rapid sequestration of DPP IV/CD26 and other cell surface proteins in an autophagic-like compartment in Caco-2 cells treated with forskolin.	Colforsin	130-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
7657729-2	1995	In the present work we have explored the possibility that post-translational events may interfere with this process by investigating the short term effects of a potent adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, on cell surface expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Colforsin	196-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	237-260
7657729-4	1995	Domain specific biochemical experiments demonstrate that cell surface expression of neosynthesized dipeptidyl peptidase IV rapidly decreases after a 1 hour forskolin treatment.	Colforsin	156-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-122
7657729-5	1995	Both initial basolateral and apical dipeptidyl peptidase IV membrane delivery were altered by forskolin treatment.	Colforsin	94-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-59
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	glycylproline	31-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	48-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-120
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	48-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	glycylproline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-120
7714663-1	1995	We synthesized a new substrate glycyl-L-proline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide (Gly-Pro-DBAP), for dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV).	glycylproline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
7714663-2	1995	Its hydrolysis by DPPIV resulted in the formation of a chromophore, 2,6-dibromophenol-indo-p-xylenol, and its maximal absorption wavelength (600 nm) was longer than that of p-nitroaniline (415 nm) released from conventional substrate, glycyl-L-proline p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA).	2,6-dibromophenol-indo-p-xylenol	68-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
7714663-2	1995	Its hydrolysis by DPPIV resulted in the formation of a chromophore, 2,6-dibromophenol-indo-p-xylenol, and its maximal absorption wavelength (600 nm) was longer than that of p-nitroaniline (415 nm) released from conventional substrate, glycyl-L-proline p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA).	4-nitroaniline	173-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
7714663-2	1995	Its hydrolysis by DPPIV resulted in the formation of a chromophore, 2,6-dibromophenol-indo-p-xylenol, and its maximal absorption wavelength (600 nm) was longer than that of p-nitroaniline (415 nm) released from conventional substrate, glycyl-L-proline p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA).	glycyl-l-proline p-nitroanilide	235-266	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
7714663-2	1995	Its hydrolysis by DPPIV resulted in the formation of a chromophore, 2,6-dibromophenol-indo-p-xylenol, and its maximal absorption wavelength (600 nm) was longer than that of p-nitroaniline (415 nm) released from conventional substrate, glycyl-L-proline p-nitroanilide (Gly-Pro-pNA).	Gly-Pro-pNA	268-279	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
7714663-3	1995	We also established the rate assay for urinary DPPIV activity using Gly-Pro-DBAP.	glycylproline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
7714663-10	1995	Among tested peptidases, only DPPIV could hydrolyze Gly-Pro-DBAP.	glycylproline 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyanilide	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
7714663-11	1995	Among the protease inhibitors, only two, diprotin-A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSA), could inhibit DPPIV activity.	diprotin A	41-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
7714663-11	1995	Among the protease inhibitors, only two, diprotin-A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSA), could inhibit DPPIV activity.	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	56-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
7714663-11	1995	Among the protease inhibitors, only two, diprotin-A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSA), could inhibit DPPIV activity.	pyrrolidin-3-yl-methanesulfonic acid	87-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
7830502-3	1995	Thalidomide (Thd) is capable of down-regulating the CD26 receptor on CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment of healthy volunteers.	Thalidomide	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
7830502-3	1995	Thalidomide (Thd) is capable of down-regulating the CD26 receptor on CD4+ lymphocytes after treatment of healthy volunteers.	Thalidomide	13-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
7750986-3	1994	Using U937 clones expressing low to high levels of membrane localized CD26, we found that the synthetic reversible inhibitors of DP IV, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys-[Z(NO2)]-piperidide, have different effects on all functions.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	136-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
7750986-3	1994	Using U937 clones expressing low to high levels of membrane localized CD26, we found that the synthetic reversible inhibitors of DP IV, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys-[Z(NO2)]-piperidide, have different effects on all functions.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))piperidide	166-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
7750986-3	1994	Using U937 clones expressing low to high levels of membrane localized CD26, we found that the synthetic reversible inhibitors of DP IV, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide and Lys-[Z(NO2)]-piperidide, have different effects on all functions.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))piperidide	166-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
7966157-0	1994	Dipeptide phosphonates as inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	dipeptide phosphonates	0-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
7695087-4	1994	The second application was to the fit of a numerically integrated Michaelis-Menten model to the progress curve for dipeptidyl peptidase IV-catalyzed hydrolysis of Ala-Pro-p-nitroanilide as a demonstration of the analysis of steady-state enzyme kinetics data.	alanylproline-4-nitroanilide	163-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-138
7966157-1	1994	A series of dipeptides which contained phosphonate analogs of proline and piperidine-2-carboxylic acid (homoproline) have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of DPP-IV.	Dipeptides	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-173
7966157-1	1994	A series of dipeptides which contained phosphonate analogs of proline and piperidine-2-carboxylic acid (homoproline) have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of DPP-IV.	homoproline	104-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	167-173
7896751-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) was purified to homogeneity from porcine seminal plasma by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).	polyacrylamide	92-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7896751-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) was purified to homogeneity from porcine seminal plasma by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE).	polyacrylamide	92-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
7907802-5	1993	Formation of Tyr-Pro in serum was blocked in the presence of Lys-pyrrolidine and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile), specific, competitive inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	tyrosyl-proline	13-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
7918465-0	1994	Solution structures of active and inactive forms of the DP IV (CD26) inhibitor Pro-boroPro determined by NMR spectroscopy.	dp	56-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
7918465-0	1994	Solution structures of active and inactive forms of the DP IV (CD26) inhibitor Pro-boroPro determined by NMR spectroscopy.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
7918465-1	1994	Synthesis of the boronic acid analog of the dipeptide Pro-Pro yields a mixture of diastereomers Pro-L-boroPro and Pro-D-boroPro, one of which is a potent inhibitor [Ki = 16 pM; Gutheil, W. G., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8723-8731] of dipeptidyl amino peptidase type IV (DP IV), also known as CD26.	Boronic Acids	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	313-317
7833626-4	1994	Specific DP IV inhibitors (Lys-[Z-(NO2)]-piperidide, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide) and polyclonal antibodies directed against the ectopeptidase suppressed DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression of NK cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))piperidide	27-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
7833626-4	1994	Specific DP IV inhibitors (Lys-[Z-(NO2)]-piperidide, Lys-[Z(NO2)]-thiazolidide) and polyclonal antibodies directed against the ectopeptidase suppressed DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression of NK cells.	lysyl-(Z(nitro))thiazolidide	53-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
8308295-5	1994	Flow cytometric and immunoprecipitation analyses of selected leukocyte markers such as CD3, CD26 and CD65 indicated that the alteration in immunoreactivity achieved by NHS-mediated biotin ligation was different from that obtained with hydrazide-mediated biotin ligation.	Biotin	181-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
7918465-1	1994	Synthesis of the boronic acid analog of the dipeptide Pro-Pro yields a mixture of diastereomers Pro-L-boroPro and Pro-D-boroPro, one of which is a potent inhibitor [Ki = 16 pM; Gutheil, W. G., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8723-8731] of dipeptidyl amino peptidase type IV (DP IV), also known as CD26.	Dipeptides	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	313-317
7918465-1	1994	Synthesis of the boronic acid analog of the dipeptide Pro-Pro yields a mixture of diastereomers Pro-L-boroPro and Pro-D-boroPro, one of which is a potent inhibitor [Ki = 16 pM; Gutheil, W. G., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8723-8731] of dipeptidyl amino peptidase type IV (DP IV), also known as CD26.	prolyl-proline	54-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	313-317
7918465-1	1994	Synthesis of the boronic acid analog of the dipeptide Pro-Pro yields a mixture of diastereomers Pro-L-boroPro and Pro-D-boroPro, one of which is a potent inhibitor [Ki = 16 pM; Gutheil, W. G., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 8723-8731] of dipeptidyl amino peptidase type IV (DP IV), also known as CD26.	pro-d-boropro	114-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	313-317
7909498-7	1994	Moreover, the modulation of CD26 resulted in an increase in anti-CD3-mediated cord T cell activation through an enhancement in intracellular calcium levels, IL-2 receptor expression, and IL-2 synthesis, whereas it had no effect on cord T cell activation induced by anti-CD2 or anti-CD2 plus exogenous IL-2.	Calcium	141-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
7909463-5	1994	Upon treatment with dipeptidylpeptidase IV to remove the N-terminal glycylprolyl-dipeptide, the later-eluting form of bigET-1 (bigET-1B) coeluted with authentic human bigET-1 on reverse-phase HPLC.	glycylprolyl-dipeptide	68-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-42
7892748-5	1994	Among 4 types of inhibitors studied, Pro-boroPro proved to be the most promising substance for further research on the physiological role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26).	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-164
7892748-5	1994	Among 4 types of inhibitors studied, Pro-boroPro proved to be the most promising substance for further research on the physiological role of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26).	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	37-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-170
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Dipeptides	112-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Dipeptides	112-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Proline	156-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Proline	156-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7911611-1	1994	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is a highly specific serine protease which cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides from peptides with a penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
7911611-7	1994	N-Peptidyl-O-acylhydroxylamines and boronic acid analogues of proline and alanine are two known DPP IV inhibitors.	n-peptidyl-o-acylhydroxylamines	0-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
7911611-7	1994	N-Peptidyl-O-acylhydroxylamines and boronic acid analogues of proline and alanine are two known DPP IV inhibitors.	Boronic Acids	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
7911611-7	1994	N-Peptidyl-O-acylhydroxylamines and boronic acid analogues of proline and alanine are two known DPP IV inhibitors.	Proline	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
7911611-7	1994	N-Peptidyl-O-acylhydroxylamines and boronic acid analogues of proline and alanine are two known DPP IV inhibitors.	Alanine	74-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
7911611-10	1994	Therefore we proposed 5 types of potential DPP IV inhibitors: azapeptides, azetidines, Michael substrates, reduced peptides and phosphonic acids.	azapeptides	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
7911611-10	1994	Therefore we proposed 5 types of potential DPP IV inhibitors: azapeptides, azetidines, Michael substrates, reduced peptides and phosphonic acids.	Azetidines	75-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
7911611-10	1994	Therefore we proposed 5 types of potential DPP IV inhibitors: azapeptides, azetidines, Michael substrates, reduced peptides and phosphonic acids.	Peptides	65-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
7911611-10	1994	Therefore we proposed 5 types of potential DPP IV inhibitors: azapeptides, azetidines, Michael substrates, reduced peptides and phosphonic acids.	Phosphorous Acids	128-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-49
7907802-2	1993	Purified human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (also termed CD 26) liberated N-terminal Tyr-Pro from both, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY, with very high specific activities and Km values in the micromolar range, but almost no Ala-Pro from pancreatic polypeptide.	tyrosyl-proline	80-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
7907802-2	1993	Purified human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (also termed CD 26) liberated N-terminal Tyr-Pro from both, neuropeptide Y and peptide YY, with very high specific activities and Km values in the micromolar range, but almost no Ala-Pro from pancreatic polypeptide.	alanylproline	218-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-38
7907802-5	1993	Formation of Tyr-Pro in serum was blocked in the presence of Lys-pyrrolidine and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile), specific, competitive inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	lys-pyrrolidine	61-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
7907802-5	1993	Formation of Tyr-Pro in serum was blocked in the presence of Lys-pyrrolidine and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile), specific, competitive inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin A	81-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
7907802-5	1993	Formation of Tyr-Pro in serum was blocked in the presence of Lys-pyrrolidine and diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile), specific, competitive inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin A	93-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-166
7904591-2	1993	DPP IV is an ectoenzyme, as indicated by the rapid detection of the product of the reaction in the incubation medium of intact cells and the staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed cells in the presence of a specific anti-DPP IV antibody.	paraform	153-169	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
7903248-0	1993	Forskolin blocks the apical expression of dipeptidyl peptidase IV in Caco-2 cells and induces its retention in lamp-1-containing vesicles.	Colforsin	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-65
7903248-11	1993	Using a newly developed image analysis procedure, we have been able to quantitate the relative distribution of lamp-1 and DPP IV labels in both control and forskolin-treated cells.	Colforsin	156-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-128
7904591-3	1993	DPP IV activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride.	Isoflurophate	33-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
7904591-3	1993	DPP IV activity was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride.	phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride	64-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
8102104-1	1993	Treatment of Caco-2 cells with forskolin (25 microM) or monensin (1 microM) has previously been shown to cause a marked decrease in the level of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) mRNA, without any effect on the expression of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Colforsin	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	215-237
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	39-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
7908745-5	1993	There were significant correlations between plasma L-TRP levels, on the one hand, and Tf plasma levels, DPP IV activity (both positive), Il-6 production, and Hp plasma levels (both negative), on the other.	Tryptophan	51-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-110
7908745-6	1993	Up to 63.7% of the variance in L-TRP plasma concentrations could be explained by DPP IV, Hp, Il-6 values, and gender.	Tryptophan	31-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-87
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	39-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	39-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	66-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Ionomycin	71-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-139
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Ionomycin	71-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8104537-10	1993	On preactivating the same cells, using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin on concanavalin A (ConA) or especially PHA, levels of CD26 were upregulated and the immunotoxin effectively inhibited the ability to provide help for B-cell Ig synthesis while leaving intact the CD4-CD26+ and CD4+CD26- populations; an effect observed both functionally and by phenotype.	Ionomycin	71-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	280-284
8103356-0	1993	Separation of L-Pro-DL-boroPro into its component diastereomers and kinetic analysis of their inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	l-pro-dl-boropro	14-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-131
8103356-2	1993	The potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) inhibitor [1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]boronic acid (L-Pro-DL-boroPro) [Flentke, G. R., Munoz, E., Huber, B. T., Plaut, A. G., Kettner, C. A., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1991) Proc.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	54-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
8103356-2	1993	The potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) inhibitor [1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]boronic acid (L-Pro-DL-boroPro) [Flentke, G. R., Munoz, E., Huber, B. T., Plaut, A. G., Kettner, C. A., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1991) Proc.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	54-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8103356-2	1993	The potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) inhibitor [1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]boronic acid (L-Pro-DL-boroPro) [Flentke, G. R., Munoz, E., Huber, B. T., Plaut, A. G., Kettner, C. A., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1991) Proc.	l-pro-dl-boropro	110-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
8103356-2	1993	The potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) inhibitor [1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinyl]boronic acid (L-Pro-DL-boroPro) [Flentke, G. R., Munoz, E., Huber, B. T., Plaut, A. G., Kettner, C. A., &amp; Bachovchin, W. W. (1991) Proc.	l-pro-dl-boropro	110-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
8103356-9	1993	The instability of Pro-boroPro, together with its very high affinity for DP IV and the time dependence of the inhibition, makes a rigorous kinetic analysis of its binding to DP IV difficult.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
8103356-9	1993	The instability of Pro-boroPro, together with its very high affinity for DP IV and the time dependence of the inhibition, makes a rigorous kinetic analysis of its binding to DP IV difficult.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-179
8102104-1	1993	Treatment of Caco-2 cells with forskolin (25 microM) or monensin (1 microM) has previously been shown to cause a marked decrease in the level of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) mRNA, without any effect on the expression of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPP-IV).	Colforsin	31-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	239-245
8227206-3	1993	TPA prevented the accumulation of differentiation markers such as dipeptidylpeptidase IV, villin or mucins, down-regulated the expression of these molecules in post-confluent differentiated cell cultures and induced the loss of the functional integrity of the tight junction in the monolayer (i.e. decreased transepithelial resistance and inhibited dome formation).	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	0-3	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-88
8100523-0	1993	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV hydrolyses gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide, peptide histidine methionine and is responsible for their degradation in human serum.	Amides	96-101	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7901268-4	1993	After 4-20 weeks ursodeoxycholic acid treatment the dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression and IL-2 production were normalised.	Ursodeoxycholic Acid	17-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
8100523-0	1993	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV hydrolyses gastric inhibitory polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide, peptide histidine methionine and is responsible for their degradation in human serum.	histidine methionine	111-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	144-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Tyr-Ala	161-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Tyr-Ala	23-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Histidine	191-194	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Alanine	165-168	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Histidine	32-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-7	1993	When human serum was incubated with GIP or GLP-1(7-36)amide the same fragments as with the purified dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, namely the des-Xaa-Ala peptides and Tyr-Ala in the case of GIP or His-Ala in the case of GLP-1(7-36)amide, were identified as the main degradation products of these peptide hormones.	Amides	225-230	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
8100523-9	1993	It is concluded that dipeptidyl-peptidase IV initiates the metabolism of GIP and GLP-1(7-36)amide in human serum.	Amides	92-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	27-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Histidine	43-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Serine	47-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Dipeptides	166-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Proline	224-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8100523-2	1993	They either start with Tyr-Ala, His-Ala or His-Ser which might be in part potential targets for dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, a highly specialized aminopeptidase removing dipeptides only from peptides with N-terminal penultimate proline or alanine.	Alanine	235-242	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
8099849-7	1993	When CD26+ T cells were cultured in the presence of PMA, which depletes pkC activity, CD26 antigen expression was down-regulated.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	52-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
8099849-7	1993	When CD26+ T cells were cultured in the presence of PMA, which depletes pkC activity, CD26 antigen expression was down-regulated.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	52-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
8099849-6	1993	When activated through the TCR/CD3 pathway, the CD2 pathway, or directly by the phorbol ester, PMA, the memory (CD26+) T cells showed an increased proliferative response that was inhibited by the pkC inhibitor, staurosporine.	Phorbol Esters	80-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
8099849-6	1993	When activated through the TCR/CD3 pathway, the CD2 pathway, or directly by the phorbol ester, PMA, the memory (CD26+) T cells showed an increased proliferative response that was inhibited by the pkC inhibitor, staurosporine.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	95-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
7685106-9	1993	We also found that wild-type CD26 (DPPIV+) transfectants produced more IL-2 than mutant CD26 (DPPIV-)-transfected cells or CD26- control transfectants when triggered by stimuli not involving CD26, such as anti-CD3 and phorbol ester.	Phorbol Esters	218-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
8099849-6	1993	When activated through the TCR/CD3 pathway, the CD2 pathway, or directly by the phorbol ester, PMA, the memory (CD26+) T cells showed an increased proliferative response that was inhibited by the pkC inhibitor, staurosporine.	Staurosporine	211-224	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
7685106-9	1993	We also found that wild-type CD26 (DPPIV+) transfectants produced more IL-2 than mutant CD26 (DPPIV-)-transfected cells or CD26- control transfectants when triggered by stimuli not involving CD26, such as anti-CD3 and phorbol ester.	Phorbol Esters	218-231	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
1355496-6	1992	Cathepsin B/L-, elastase-, tryptase-, trypsin-, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activities in GCF samples were determined by fluorimetric assay with peptidyl derivatives of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin.	7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin	174-208	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-75
7509871-1	1993	Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) are serine enzymes cleaving highly specific prolyl peptide bonds.	Serine	67-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-54
7509871-1	1993	Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) are serine enzymes cleaving highly specific prolyl peptide bonds.	Serine	67-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
1356916-0	1992	CD26 induces T-cell proliferation by tyrosine protein phosphorylation.	Tyrosine	37-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
1356916-4	1992	The stimulation of nylon wool-separated T cells and T-cell clones by the anti-CD26 mAb, 134-2C2, induced tyrosine phosphorylation on a subset of proteins of 50,000, 46,000, 26,000, 24,000 and 21,000 MW.	Tyrosine	105-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
1356916-7	1992	Thus, protein tyrosine phosphorylation seems to play a major role in CD26-mediated T-cell proliferation.	Tyrosine	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
1355343-1	1992	Prolyl endopeptidase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV are serine proteases which cleave the peptide bonds at the carboxy group of proline residues.	Proline	125-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
8096237-8	1993	Five tryptic peptides from purified human ADAbp revealed 100% homology to a serine protease, human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also known as CD26.	Peptides	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
8096237-8	1993	Five tryptic peptides from purified human ADAbp revealed 100% homology to a serine protease, human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also known as CD26.	Peptides	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-122
8096237-8	1993	Five tryptic peptides from purified human ADAbp revealed 100% homology to a serine protease, human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also known as CD26.	Peptides	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-130
8096237-8	1993	Five tryptic peptides from purified human ADAbp revealed 100% homology to a serine protease, human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), also known as CD26.	Peptides	13-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-151
8097057-0	1993	The CD26 antigen is coupled to protein tyrosine phosphorylation and implicated in CD16-mediated lysis in natural killer cells.	Tyrosine	39-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
8097057-3	1993	The protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by means of CD26 activation was studied in NK cells treated with the anti-CD26 MoAb 134-2C2, and two new proteins of 50 and 21 kDa appeared phosphorylated in tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
8097057-3	1993	The protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by means of CD26 activation was studied in NK cells treated with the anti-CD26 MoAb 134-2C2, and two new proteins of 50 and 21 kDa appeared phosphorylated in tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
8097057-3	1993	The protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by means of CD26 activation was studied in NK cells treated with the anti-CD26 MoAb 134-2C2, and two new proteins of 50 and 21 kDa appeared phosphorylated in tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	204-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
8097057-3	1993	The protein tyrosine phosphorylation mediated by means of CD26 activation was studied in NK cells treated with the anti-CD26 MoAb 134-2C2, and two new proteins of 50 and 21 kDa appeared phosphorylated in tyrosine residues.	Tyrosine	204-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
8097057-8	1993	These results indicate that CD26 is related to the CD16-dependent lysis but not to NK cytolysis which may be caused by mediation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation.	Tyrosine	140-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
1459244-6	1992	The consensus sequence surrounding the active site serine in the three known X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidases (mammalian DPPIV, yeast DPAB and PepX) is G-X-S-Y-X-G, where X is a non-conserved amino acid.	Serine	51-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Dipeptides	22-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Dipeptides	22-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Gly-Pro-pNA	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Gly-Pro-pNA	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1680916-1	1991	In the present report, we demonstrated that modulation of CD26 from T cell surface induced by antiCD26 (1F7) led to enhanced phosphorylation of CD3 zeta tyrosine residues and increased CD4 associated p56lck tyrosine kinase activity.	Tyrosine	153-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Isoflurophate	104-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Isoflurophate	104-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Isoflurophate	134-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Isoflurophate	134-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Fluorides	162-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Fluorides	162-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	172-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride	172-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	diprotin A	183-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	222-245
1572909-2	1992	One activity removing dipeptides from the NH2-terminal end of Gly-Pro-pNA was specifically inhibited by di-isopropyl-fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethanesulphony fluoride (PMSF), and diprotin A, and thus was identified as dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV).	diprotin A	183-193	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-253
1345821-3	1992	A fluorograph, after immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labelled proteins of fibroblasts from primary breast cultures with an anti-serum to DPP IV, demonstrated a band at 135 kDa consistent with the presence of the enzyme.	Sulfur-35	44-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
1345821-3	1992	A fluorograph, after immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labelled proteins of fibroblasts from primary breast cultures with an anti-serum to DPP IV, demonstrated a band at 135 kDa consistent with the presence of the enzyme.	Methionine	48-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-149
1684938-1	1991	Treatment for 48 h of differentiated, confluent Caco-2 cells with 2.5 10(-5) M forskolin or 10(-6) M monensin, which produces a significant decrease of the de novo biosynthesis of sucrase-isomaltase, does not change quantitatively the de novo biosynthesis of dipeptidylpeptidase IV.	Colforsin	79-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	259-281
1356148-4	1992	Cathepsin B/L-, elastase-, tryptase-, trypsin-, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activities in the GCF samples were determined by fluorimetric assay with peptidyl derivatives of 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin.	7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin	178-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-75
1361094-1	1992	The N-terminus of bradykinin is shown to be sequentially degraded by the human proline-specific aminopeptidases aminopeptidase P (EC 3.4.11.9) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (EC 3.4.14.5).	Proline	79-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-170
1955481-2	1991	In contrast, when stably adapted to normally lethal concentrations of methotrexate (10(-6)-10(-5) M), they form a monolayer of gobletlike cells (Lesuffleur et al., 1990) which secrete large quantities of mucins and display a discrete brush border with the presence of villin, dipeptidylpeptidase-IV, and carcinoembryonic antigen.	Methotrexate	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	276-298
1671716-0	1991	Inhibition of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV (DP-IV) by Xaa-boroPro dipeptides and use of these inhibitors to examine the role of DP-IV in T-cell function.	xaa-boropro dipeptides	54-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
1681947-2	1991	In order to explore one of the putative pathophysiological mechanisms underlying both factors, we have measured the predexamethasone and postdexamethasone serum dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP IV) activity in depressed inpatients and normal controls.	postdexamethasone	137-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	161-184
1671557-3	1991	Chemical cross-linking experiments and sucrose gradient rate-zonal centrifugation revealed that dipeptidylpeptidase IV is present as a dimer in the brush border membrane of Caco-2 cells whereas the disaccharidase sucrase-isomaltase appears to be a monomer.	Sucrose	39-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
1671558-3	1991	The retardation of sucrase-isomaltase, a slowly migrating hydrolase, versus dipeptidylpeptidase IV, a rapidly transported enzyme, is neither due to differential trimming of N-linked carbohydrates nor due to oligomerization.	n-linked carbohydrates	173-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
1671716-1	1991	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV; dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.5) is a serine protease with a specificity for cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins.	xaa-pro dipeptides	128-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
1671716-1	1991	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV; dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.5) is a serine protease with a specificity for cleaving Xaa-Pro dipeptides from polypeptides and proteins.	xaa-pro dipeptides	128-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
1671716-4	1991	Here we report that Ala-boroPro and Pro-boroPro, where boroPro is the alpha-amino boronic acid analog of proline, are potent and specific inhibitors of DP-IV, having Ki values in the nanomolar range.	alanylpyrrolidine-boronic acid	20-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
1671716-4	1991	Here we report that Ala-boroPro and Pro-boroPro, where boroPro is the alpha-amino boronic acid analog of proline, are potent and specific inhibitors of DP-IV, having Ki values in the nanomolar range.	1-(2-pyrrolidinylcarbonyl)-2-pyrrolidinylboronic acid	36-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
1671716-4	1991	Here we report that Ala-boroPro and Pro-boroPro, where boroPro is the alpha-amino boronic acid analog of proline, are potent and specific inhibitors of DP-IV, having Ki values in the nanomolar range.	boropro	24-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
1671716-4	1991	Here we report that Ala-boroPro and Pro-boroPro, where boroPro is the alpha-amino boronic acid analog of proline, are potent and specific inhibitors of DP-IV, having Ki values in the nanomolar range.	alpha-amino boronic acid	70-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
1671716-4	1991	Here we report that Ala-boroPro and Pro-boroPro, where boroPro is the alpha-amino boronic acid analog of proline, are potent and specific inhibitors of DP-IV, having Ki values in the nanomolar range.	Proline	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
1671716-5	1991	Blocking the N terminus of Ala-boroPro abolishes the affinity of this inhibitor for DP-IV, while removal of the N-terminal residue, to give boroPro, reduces the affinity for DP-IV by 5 orders of magnitude.	alanylpyrrolidine-boronic acid	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
1671716-5	1991	Blocking the N terminus of Ala-boroPro abolishes the affinity of this inhibitor for DP-IV, while removal of the N-terminal residue, to give boroPro, reduces the affinity for DP-IV by 5 orders of magnitude.	boropro	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-89
1671823-1	1991	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV preferably hydrolyzes peptides and proteins with a penultimate proline residue.	Proline	87-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
1671823-4	1991	Antibiotics 37, 422-425) reported that diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) and diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) are inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin A	39-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
1671823-4	1991	Antibiotics 37, 422-425) reported that diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) and diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) are inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin A	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
1671823-4	1991	Antibiotics 37, 422-425) reported that diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) and diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) are inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin B	68-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
1671823-4	1991	Antibiotics 37, 422-425) reported that diprotin A (Ile-Pro-Ile) and diprotin B (Val-Pro-Leu) are inhibitors for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	diprotin B	80-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
1671823-5	1991	We could show that both compounds as well as other tripeptides with a penultimate proline residue are substrates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	tripeptides	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-140
1671823-5	1991	We could show that both compounds as well as other tripeptides with a penultimate proline residue are substrates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV.	Proline	82-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-140
33820392-0	2021	Efficacy and Safety of the Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Gemigliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis.	LC15-0444	66-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
1674753-0	1991	Reaction of dipeptidylpeptidase IV with substrate-analogous azapeptides.	azapeptides	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
2361454-7	1990	Using Arg-Pro-; Leu-Pro; and Pro-Pro-4-nitroanilide as substrates the activity of a marker enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DP IV, EC.	arginylproline	6-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
2361454-7	1990	Using Arg-Pro-; Leu-Pro; and Pro-Pro-4-nitroanilide as substrates the activity of a marker enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DP IV, EC.	leucylproline	16-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
2361454-7	1990	Using Arg-Pro-; Leu-Pro; and Pro-Pro-4-nitroanilide as substrates the activity of a marker enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DP IV, EC.	pro-pro-4-nitroanilide	29-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
2361454-7	1990	Using Arg-Pro-; Leu-Pro; and Pro-Pro-4-nitroanilide as substrates the activity of a marker enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DP IV, EC.	dp	123-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
33972682-5	2021	TKI sunitinib resistance was rescued by DPP4 inhibition using sitagliptin or specific siRNAs in RCC cells and tumors.	Sunitinib	4-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
33972682-5	2021	TKI sunitinib resistance was rescued by DPP4 inhibition using sitagliptin or specific siRNAs in RCC cells and tumors.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	62-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
33972682-6	2021	DPP4 expression can be inducible by retinoic acid and repressed by ALDH1A inhibition.	Tretinoin	36-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
1971178-6	1990	Both renal and this urinary DPP-IV were inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and activated by phospholipid.	Isoflurophate	53-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
1971178-6	1990	Both renal and this urinary DPP-IV were inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate and activated by phospholipid.	Phospholipids	97-109	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-34
33765180-8	2021	In meta-analyses of glucose-lowering drugs, the risk ratio for stroke was 0.85 (0.77, 0.94) for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and 0.82 (0.69, 0.98) for thiazolidinediones, while sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, meglitinides and metformin individually lacked statistical evidence of an effect on stroke risk.	Glucose	20-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-227
33819377-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors(DPP-4Is) have potential anti-AS effects.	dpp-4is	34-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
33819377-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4Is can alleviate the development of AS in T2DM patients to a certain extent by reducing CIMT.	Arsenic	54-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
33817806-0	2022	Identification of curcumin as a potential alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor: Molecular docking study, in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation.	Curcumin	18-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
33817806-3	2022	The results indicated that curcumin is an inhibitor of both alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which are important for glycemic control.	Curcumin	27-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
33817806-3	2022	The results indicated that curcumin is an inhibitor of both alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP-4), which are important for glycemic control.	Curcumin	27-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-111
33817806-7	2022	Curcumin also upregulated the expression of genes (e.g., glucagon-like peptide 1) related to DPP-4 activity in the small intestine.	Curcumin	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
33236464-1	2021	We validated effect of linagliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Linagliptin	23-34	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
32797900-4	2020	In this study, we developed a derivatization-assisted microextraction method to enhance the detection sensitivity for trace levels of a DPP-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, from a small volume (10 muL) of human plasma by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	153-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	136-141
23994650-0	2013	The serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 increases in response to acute hyperglycemia after an oral glucose load in healthy subjects: association with high-molecular weight adiponectin and hepatic enzymes.	Glucose	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine Triphosphate	136-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-240
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine Triphosphate	160-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-240
29745882-3	2018	Therefore, the extracellular purinergic microenvironment is under control of ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 degrading pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to anti-inflammatory adenosine as well as adenosine deaminase bound to CD26 deactivating adenosine.	Adenosine	136-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	236-240
23994650-4	2013	The peak sCD26/DPP4 level correlated positively with the baseline age and body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels whereas it correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the serum levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin.	Cholesterol	349-360	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
23994650-9	2013	In conclusion, the serum level of sCD26/DPP4 increased acutely after an oral glucose load in apparently healthy subjects.	Glucose	77-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
23994650-10	2013	The abrupt increase of serum sCD26/DPP4 after a glucose load may be a marker of insulin resistance that could come from liver or muscle.	Glucose	48-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
23994650-0	2013	The serum level of soluble CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 increases in response to acute hyperglycemia after an oral glucose load in healthy subjects: association with high-molecular weight adiponectin and hepatic enzymes.	Glucose	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
23994650-2	2013	We investigated whether the serum level of sCD26/DPP4 was influenced by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in healthy subjects.	Glucose	81-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-53
23994650-4	2013	The peak sCD26/DPP4 level correlated positively with the baseline age and body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels whereas it correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the serum levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin.	Glucose	110-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
23994650-4	2013	The peak sCD26/DPP4 level correlated positively with the baseline age and body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels whereas it correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the serum levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin.	Triglycerides	187-200	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
23994650-4	2013	The peak sCD26/DPP4 level correlated positively with the baseline age and body mass index, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels whereas it correlated negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the serum levels of total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin.	Triglycerides	202-204	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-19
18783201-0	2008	Dipeptide boronic acid inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: determinants of potency and in vivo efficacy and safety.	dipeptide boronic acid	0-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-60
20213998-22	2009	This change may be attributed to chronicity of diabetes or uncontrolled diabetic status or due to effect of metformin on post-prandial DPP IV levels.	Metformin	108-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	135-141
18783201-3	2008	Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety.	Dipeptides	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
18783201-3	2008	Dipeptide boronic acids, among the first, and still among the most potent DPP-IV inhibitors known, suffer from a concern over their safety.	Boronic Acids	10-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
17055708-2	2007	The objective of this work was to study the CD26 membrane expression and DPPIV activity in T-acute leukaemia cell lines (CEM and MOLT3) in culture, in order to observe the modification of its expression under the 8-azaguanine treatment.	Azaguanine	213-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
17055708-6	2007	In the same experimental conditions, MOLT3 cell treated with 8-azaguanine shows an increase in CD26 expression (MIF) compared with that of CEM cell submitted to the same conditions (65.4+/-1.3 versus 18.7+/-1.7).	Azaguanine	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
18783201-5	2008	The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9.	Boronic Acids	31-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
18783201-5	2008	The adverse effects induced by boronic acid-based DPP-IV inhibitors are essentially limited to what has been observed previously for non-boronic acid inhibitors and attributed to cross-reactivity with DPP8/9.	Boronic Acids	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-56
17055708-7	2007	DPPIV activity in culture medium supernatant of CEM versus MOLT3 controls cells (1.91+/-0.43 versus 2.06+/-0.50) and of CEM versus MOLT3 treated cells (2.10+/-0.16 versus 1.89+/-0.04) did not show a significant difference.	2-chloroethyl methyl sulfide	48-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34510471-8	2022	The combination of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors decreased with the hazard ratio of 0.42(95%CI:0.18-0.99), compared to metformin alone.	Metformin	137-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
17055708-8	2007	These preliminary results suggest that 8-azaguanine stimulates CD26 expression which may be related to cellular sensitivity to 8-azaguanine.	Azaguanine	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
17055708-8	2007	These preliminary results suggest that 8-azaguanine stimulates CD26 expression which may be related to cellular sensitivity to 8-azaguanine.	Azaguanine	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
34647409-1	2022	AIMS: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) may mitigate hypoglycemia-mediated declines in cognitive and physical functioning compared to sulfonylureas (SUs), yet comparative studies are unavailable among older adults, especially nursing home (NH) residents.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	158-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-28
1352530-6	1992	Functional analysis of these Jurkat transfectants showed that cross-linking of the CD26 and CD3 Ag with their respective antibodies resulted in enhanced intracellular calcium mobilization and IL-2 production.	Calcium	167-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Lysine	15-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-187
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	Serine	61-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	Serine	61-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	n-terminal xaa-pro	111-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	n-terminal xaa-pro	111-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	xaa-ala	133-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	xaa-ala	133-140	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	Dipeptides	141-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34920066-1	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, EC 3.4.14.5) is an abundant serine aminopeptidase that preferentially cleaves N-terminal Xaa-Pro or Xaa-Ala dipeptides from oligopeptides.	Dipeptides	141-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
34309842-0	2022	Identification of in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from draft beer by virtual screening and molecular docking.	Peptides	96-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-84
34309842-9	2022	The molecular docking results showed that two peptides could bind angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) tightly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction.	Hydrogen	150-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-129
34309842-9	2022	The molecular docking results showed that two peptides could bind angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) tightly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction.	Hydrogen	150-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-137
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Lysine	15-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Alginates	29-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-187
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Alginates	29-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Plasmalogens	46-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-187
34738744-3	2022	In this study, poly-l-lysine/sodium alginate (PLS) is modified with talabostat (PT100) and encapsulates a PARP1 plasmid (PARP1@PLS-PT100) for delivery to target the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and eliminate SFs.	Plasmalogens	46-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-193
34774622-3	2021	The critical function of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in neurodegenerative diseases has raised impetus in investigating the repositioning of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, alogliptin (ALO), as an effective treatment for PD.	alogliptin	181-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	146-169
34965609-9	2022	Doses >= 50 mg of cetagliptin administered once daily will result in sustained DPP-4 inhibition (>= 80%).	cetagliptin	18-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
34965609-10	2022	The EC50 of DPP-4 inhibition for cetagliptin (5.29 ng/mL) was lower than that of sitagliptin (7.03 ng/mL).	cetagliptin	33-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
34952193-11	2022	Both compounds (ZINC1572309 and the reference drug - sitagliptin) also inhibited DPP-4 activity, suggesting interesting biological effects of the selected compound at non-cytotoxic concentrations.	NSC319990	16-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
34952193-11	2022	Both compounds (ZINC1572309 and the reference drug - sitagliptin) also inhibited DPP-4 activity, suggesting interesting biological effects of the selected compound at non-cytotoxic concentrations.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
34939544-0	2022	Structure-Based De Novo Design and Docking Studies of 5(S)-Methyl-L-Proline Containing Peptidomimetic Compounds as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.	5(s)-methyl-l-proline	54-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
34939544-12	2022	CONCLUSION: Four compounds were found to have good interactions with DPP-4 binding sites and hence created the scope to develop a DPP-4 inhibitors containing 5(S)-methyl-L-proline moiety.	5(s)-methyl-l-proline	158-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
34939544-12	2022	CONCLUSION: Four compounds were found to have good interactions with DPP-4 binding sites and hence created the scope to develop a DPP-4 inhibitors containing 5(S)-methyl-L-proline moiety.	5(s)-methyl-l-proline	158-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
34871838-3	2022	Omarigliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type II diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
34871838-3	2022	Omarigliptin, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effects in patients with type II diabetes.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34965609-14	2022	CONCLUSION: Cetagliptin demonstrates the great potential for treatment with type 2 diabetes patients based on the inhibition of DPP-4, the increase in GLP-1 and insulin, the decrease in glucose, and might more effective in DPP-4 inhibition than sitagliptin.	cetagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	128-133
34965609-14	2022	CONCLUSION: Cetagliptin demonstrates the great potential for treatment with type 2 diabetes patients based on the inhibition of DPP-4, the increase in GLP-1 and insulin, the decrease in glucose, and might more effective in DPP-4 inhibition than sitagliptin.	cetagliptin	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	223-228
34903733-1	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and sulphonylureas remain the most widely prescribed add-on treatments after metformin.	dpp-4i	18-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34854453-3	2021	This study illustrates the DPP-IV inhibitory activity of gastric and intestinal digests of casein, whey and egg white proteins determined in vitro, using Gly-Pro-AMC, and in situ using non-differentiated Caco-2 cells.	Gly-Pro-AMC	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-33
34944016-7	2021	Confirmatory experiments using flow cytometry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; dextran permeability assay; WST-8 assay; wound healing assay; and tube formation assay, reveal that the reduction of CD26/DPP4 via siRNA is associated with altered parameters of inflammation, barrier function, and the regenerative processes in HLMVECs.	Dextrans	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	239-243
34944016-7	2021	Confirmatory experiments using flow cytometry; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; dextran permeability assay; WST-8 assay; wound healing assay; and tube formation assay, reveal that the reduction of CD26/DPP4 via siRNA is associated with altered parameters of inflammation, barrier function, and the regenerative processes in HLMVECs.	Dextrans	122-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	244-248
34926239-0	2021	DPP4 Regulates DHCR24-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis to Promote Methotrexate Resistance in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplastic Cells.	Cholesterol	31-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34945051-7	2021	We also show that fibrosis levels as detected by NIT are marginally lower in patients treated with newer glucose lowering agents (sodium-glucose transporter protein 2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists).	Glucose	105-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	179-201
34926239-0	2021	DPP4 Regulates DHCR24-Mediated Cholesterol Biosynthesis to Promote Methotrexate Resistance in Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplastic Cells.	Methotrexate	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34926239-10	2021	Further, DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis, reduced DHCR24 expression and enhanced MTX-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.	Methotrexate	123-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
34926239-11	2021	In conclusion, our findings suggested that DPP4 might regulate DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis to promote methotrexate resistance in GTN cells.	Cholesterol	79-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
34926239-2	2021	Herein, we aimed to characterize the metabolomic profiles regulated by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplastic (GTN) cells.	Methotrexate	104-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
34926239-11	2021	In conclusion, our findings suggested that DPP4 might regulate DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis to promote methotrexate resistance in GTN cells.	Methotrexate	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
34926239-2	2021	Herein, we aimed to characterize the metabolomic profiles regulated by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplastic (GTN) cells.	Methotrexate	104-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
34926239-12	2021	Targeting DPP4/DHCR24 signaling might help to sensitize MTX-resistant GTN to MTX treatment.	Methotrexate	56-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
34926239-2	2021	Herein, we aimed to characterize the metabolomic profiles regulated by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplastic (GTN) cells.	Methotrexate	118-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-93
34926239-12	2021	Targeting DPP4/DHCR24 signaling might help to sensitize MTX-resistant GTN to MTX treatment.	Nitroglycerin	70-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
34926239-2	2021	Herein, we aimed to characterize the metabolomic profiles regulated by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) in methotrexate (MTX)-resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplastic (GTN) cells.	Methotrexate	118-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
34926239-12	2021	Targeting DPP4/DHCR24 signaling might help to sensitize MTX-resistant GTN to MTX treatment.	Methotrexate	77-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-14
34926239-3	2021	A total of eighty metabolites were found to be commonly altered in DPP4-depleted JAR/MTX and JEG3/MTX cells.	Methotrexate	85-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
34926239-4	2021	Cholesterol biosynthesis-related metabolites were markedly impacted by DPP4 knockdown in MTX-resistant sublines.	Cholesterol	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
34926239-4	2021	Cholesterol biosynthesis-related metabolites were markedly impacted by DPP4 knockdown in MTX-resistant sublines.	Methotrexate	89-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-75
34926239-5	2021	Manipulation of DPP4 expression remarkably affected the level of cellular cholesterol in GTN cells.	Cholesterol	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
34926239-5	2021	Manipulation of DPP4 expression remarkably affected the level of cellular cholesterol in GTN cells.	Nitroglycerin	89-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
34926239-8	2021	In addition, over-expression of DHCR24 could markedly restore cellular cholesterol level and rescue cell survival in DPP4-depleted MTX-resistant GTN cells.	Methotrexate	131-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
34926239-8	2021	In addition, over-expression of DHCR24 could markedly restore cellular cholesterol level and rescue cell survival in DPP4-depleted MTX-resistant GTN cells.	Nitroglycerin	145-148	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-121
34926239-9	2021	Highly correlated expression of DPP4 and DHCR24 was observed in clinical GTN specimens.	Nitroglycerin	73-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
34926239-10	2021	Further, DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis, reduced DHCR24 expression and enhanced MTX-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	24-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
34926239-10	2021	Further, DPP4 inhibitor sitagliptin effectively inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis, reduced DHCR24 expression and enhanced MTX-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.	Cholesterol	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-13
33734011-3	2021	Trelagliptin is a long-acting inhibitor of DPP-4 used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
34580086-2	2021	Glucose-regulating medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and pioglitazone are known to have anti-inflammatory effects that may improve outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-113
34338149-3	2021	Omarigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the management of type II diabetes, it has been recently reported to possess a significant anti-inflammatory property.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
34338149-3	2021	Omarigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the management of type II diabetes, it has been recently reported to possess a significant anti-inflammatory property.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
34333803-8	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin showed favorable effects on improving metabolic syndrome by decreasing blood pressure, serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plus their positive impacts on weight.	Triglycerides	124-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34333803-8	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin showed favorable effects on improving metabolic syndrome by decreasing blood pressure, serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plus their positive impacts on weight.	Triglycerides	139-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34333803-8	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors and metformin showed favorable effects on improving metabolic syndrome by decreasing blood pressure, serum triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plus their positive impacts on weight.	Cholesterol	181-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34580086-2	2021	Glucose-regulating medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and pioglitazone are known to have anti-inflammatory effects that may improve outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Glucose	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
34580086-7	2021	In conclusion, use of glucose-regulating medications such as GLP-1R agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, or pioglitazone may improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with T2DM; randomized clinical trials are needed to further investigate this possibility.	Glucose	22-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
34830194-4	2021	Antidiabetic drug classes, such as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, which way of action is based on incretins facility, not only show glucose-lowering properties but also have nephroprotective functions.	Glucose	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
34737812-2	2021	Anagliptin is a novel selective inhibitor of DPP4 but its role in ALI has not been studied.	anagliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-49
34661092-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also mentioned as a cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) is a serine exopeptidase found in two arrangements: a soluble form (sDPP-4) and a plasma membrane-bound form.	Serine	93-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
34661092-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), also mentioned as a cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26) is a serine exopeptidase found in two arrangements: a soluble form (sDPP-4) and a plasma membrane-bound form.	Serine	93-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
34666245-4	2021	Trelagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has displayed a wide range of anti-inflammatory capacities.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
34666245-4	2021	Trelagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has displayed a wide range of anti-inflammatory capacities.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
34666245-11	2021	Collectively, our study demonstrates that the DPP-4 inhibitor Trelagliptin has a protective effect on chondrocyte function.	trelagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34885056-1	2021	CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides.	n-terminal	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34885056-1	2021	CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides.	n-terminal	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-26
34885056-1	2021	CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34885056-1	2021	CD26/Dipeptidylpeptidase 4 is a transmembrane serine protease that cleaves off N-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	90-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-26
34783283-4	2021	Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (hypertension-responsible glycoprotein) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) (proline-specific dimeric aminopeptidase) have been widely used as molecular target sites of action of bioactive compounds possessing antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects.	Proline	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
34783283-4	2021	Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (hypertension-responsible glycoprotein) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) (proline-specific dimeric aminopeptidase) have been widely used as molecular target sites of action of bioactive compounds possessing antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects.	Proline	114-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-111
34779087-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of DPP-4 inhibition with sitagliptin in youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
34536208-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled despite treatment with a stable dose of other DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	90-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
34743655-0	2022	The Metabolism and Excretion of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor (14C) Cetagliptin in Healthy Volunteers.	(14c) cetagliptin	69-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
34287770-6	2021	A larger signal was seen for non-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved (anagliptin, vildagliptin, teneligliptin) vs FDA-approved DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin), likely because of an overestimation of the ROR for non-FDA-approved drugs.	alogliptin	156-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
34287770-6	2021	A larger signal was seen for non-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved (anagliptin, vildagliptin, teneligliptin) vs FDA-approved DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin), likely because of an overestimation of the ROR for non-FDA-approved drugs.	Linagliptin	168-179	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
34287770-9	2021	Both metformin and the sulfonylureas had a significant ROR under condition 2 (3.42 (95% CI 3.01-3.89) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.66-2.57) respectively); however, this association was not present under condition 3 as only confounded cases occurred, and a large majority of reported cases had concurrent exposure to a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Metformin	5-14	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	308-313
34287770-9	2021	Both metformin and the sulfonylureas had a significant ROR under condition 2 (3.42 (95% CI 3.01-3.89) and 2.07 (95% CI 1.66-2.57) respectively); however, this association was not present under condition 3 as only confounded cases occurred, and a large majority of reported cases had concurrent exposure to a DPP-4 inhibitor.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	23-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	308-313
34655432-0	2021	First-in-Human, Single-Ascending Dose and Food Effect Studies to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cetagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.	cetagliptin	139-150	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-176
34655432-1	2021	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cetagliptin is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor under development to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.	cetagliptin	27-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
34655432-14	2021	The weighted average dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by cetagliptin 100 mg was higher than that mediated by sitagliptin 100 mg. Cetagliptin was well tolerated up to a single oral dose of 400 mg. No food effects were noted.	cetagliptin	58-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
34655432-15	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Cetagliptin inhibited plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, increased levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 and was well tolerated at single doses up to 400 mg, eliciting no dose-limiting toxicity in healthy volunteers.	cetagliptin	13-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
34738504-0	2021	Insights into the structural requirements of triazole derivatives as promising DPP IV inhibitors: computational investigations.	Triazoles	45-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
34738504-4	2021	In the present work, various 3D-Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) techniques namely comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), comparative molecular similarity indices analysis, topomer CoMFA and molecular hologram QSAR are used to explore the structural requirements of triazole derivatives as DPP IV inhibitors.	Triazoles	292-300	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	316-322
34738504-8	2021	Aliphatic side chain, less bulky group, H-bond donor group and -COOH group on N3 of triazole ring are vital for the DPP IV inhibition.	Carbonic Acid	64-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
34738504-8	2021	Aliphatic side chain, less bulky group, H-bond donor group and -COOH group on N3 of triazole ring are vital for the DPP IV inhibition.	Triazoles	84-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-122
34388848-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Sitagliptin is known as an antidiabetic agent inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	12-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-95
34536208-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled despite treatment with a stable dose of other DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	90-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
34536208-1	2021	INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of switching to teneligliptin from other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled despite treatment with a stable dose of other DPP-4 inhibitors.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	90-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	276-281
34536208-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the significant glucose-lowering effect of teneligliptin after switching from other DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	75-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
34435315-4	2021	Trelagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor applied for the treatment of type II diabetes and has been recently reported to exert various pharmacological properties.	trelagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
34609396-0	2021	A dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptide relieves palmitic acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells independent of inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity.	Palmitic Acid	54-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	2-25
34925661-1	2021	Background: Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has been shown to decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-48
34925661-1	2021	Background: Anagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, has been shown to decrease plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels.	anagliptin	12-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
34388297-1	2021	AIM: To investigate acute effects of add-on therapy with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin to dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors on 24-hour glucose profile and glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	6-((4-ethylphenyl)methyl)-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-6'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),2'-(2H)pyran)-3',4',5'-triol	103-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-148
34388297-1	2021	AIM: To investigate acute effects of add-on therapy with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin to dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors on 24-hour glucose profile and glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	171-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-148
34388297-1	2021	AIM: To investigate acute effects of add-on therapy with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor tofogliflozin to dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors on 24-hour glucose profile and glycemic variability evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	236-243	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-148
34388297-8	2021	The standard deviation of 24-hour glucose and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), 2 indexes of glycemic variability, were significantly decreased in patients receiving DPP-4 inhibitors but were unchanged in those not receiving these drugs.	Glucose	34-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
34388297-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Add-on therapy with tofogliflozin to DPP-4 inhibitors acutely reduces 24-hour glucose levels and improves glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.	6-((4-ethylphenyl)methyl)-3',4',5',6'-tetrahydro-6'-(hydroxymethyl)spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),2'-(2H)pyran)-3',4',5'-triol	33-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
34388297-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Add-on therapy with tofogliflozin to DPP-4 inhibitors acutely reduces 24-hour glucose levels and improves glycemic variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Glucose	91-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
34702509-3	2021	For these purposes, a group of Gly-Pro amides deriving from several near-infrared fluorophores were designed on the basis of the unique prolyl-cleaving dipeptidease activity of CD26, while molecular docking simulations were applied to assess the possibility of the designed amides as CD26 specific substrates.	gly-pro amides	31-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	177-181
34702509-3	2021	For these purposes, a group of Gly-Pro amides deriving from several near-infrared fluorophores were designed on the basis of the unique prolyl-cleaving dipeptidease activity of CD26, while molecular docking simulations were applied to assess the possibility of the designed amides as CD26 specific substrates.	gly-pro amides	31-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	284-288
34702509-3	2021	For these purposes, a group of Gly-Pro amides deriving from several near-infrared fluorophores were designed on the basis of the unique prolyl-cleaving dipeptidease activity of CD26, while molecular docking simulations were applied to assess the possibility of the designed amides as CD26 specific substrates.	Amides	274-280	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	284-288
34702509-6	2021	Under physiological conditions, GP-ACM can be readily hydrolyzed by CD26 to release the fluorescent product ACM.	gp-acm	32-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-72
34716325-0	2021	The serine proteases dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 and urokinase are key molecules in human and mouse scar formation.	Serine	4-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
34716325-7	2021	Topical treatment with inhibitors of DPP4 and PLAU during scar formation in vivo shows anti-fibrotic activity and improvement of scar quality, most prominently after application of the PLAU inhibitor BC-11.	CHEMBL4303420	200-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
34652225-0	2021	Advance in dietary polyphenols as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus: aspects from structure-activity relationship and characterization methods.	Polyphenols	19-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-57
34733107-6	2021	In this article, we review the pleiotropic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors beyond glucose control, including their strong beneficial effects on the stress induced accelerated senescence of vascular cells, and the possible clinical implications of these effects.	Glucose	78-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-59
34829773-7	2021	OM-85 significantly reduced the expression of ACE2 (p < 0.001), TMPRSS2 (p < 0.001), DPP4 (p < 0.005), and cellular heparan sulfate (p < 0.01), while ADAM17 (p < 0.02) expression was significantly upregulated.	om-85	0-5	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-89
34686738-1	2021	Gemigliptin is one of the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors developed by LG Life Sciences.	LC15-0444	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
34737703-1	2021	We aimed to develop a physiological-based pharmacokinetic and dipepidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) occupancy model (PBPK-DO) characterized by two simultaneous simulations to predict pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic changes of saxagliptin and metabolite M2 in humans when coadministered with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.	saxagliptin	227-238	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
34737703-3	2021	Here, we have successfully simulated PK profiles and DPP-4 occupancy profiles of saxagliptin in humans using the PBPK-DO model.	saxagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-58
34682898-9	2021	Serum calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 increased only in the DPP-4 inhibitor group, while other glycemic parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.	Calcium	6-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
34682898-9	2021	Serum calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 increased only in the DPP-4 inhibitor group, while other glycemic parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.	25-hydroxy	18-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
34682898-9	2021	Serum calcium and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 increased only in the DPP-4 inhibitor group, while other glycemic parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups.	Cholecalciferol	29-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
34697593-2	2021	We evaluated the effects of a potent DPP4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) on these processes among patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).	LC15-0444	53-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
34652225-2	2021	Dietary polyphenols have attracted attention as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and indirectly improve insulin secretion.	Polyphenols	8-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-71
34652225-2	2021	Dietary polyphenols have attracted attention as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors and indirectly improve insulin secretion.	Polyphenols	8-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
34652225-3	2021	The DPP-IV inhibitory activities of dietary polyphenols depend on their structural diversity.	Polyphenols	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
34652225-4	2021	Screening methods that can be used to rapidly and accurately identify potential polyphenol DPP-IV inhibitors are urgently needed.	Polyphenols	80-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
34358551-1	2021	AIMS: In this study, we investigated the vasodilatory effects of trelagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) and its related mechanisms using rabbit aortic rings.	trelagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
34652225-5	2021	This review focuses on the relationship between the structures of dietary polyphenols and their DPP-IV inhibitory effects.	Polyphenols	74-85	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-102
34652225-6	2021	Different characterization methods used for polyphenols as DPP-IV inhibitors have been summarized and compared.	Polyphenols	44-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
34652225-8	2021	Various combinations of methods, such as in-vitro enzymatic inhibition, ex-vivo/in-vivo enzymatic inhibition, cell-based in situ, and in-silico virtual screening, are used to evaluate the DPP-IV inhibitory effects of dietary polyphenols.	Polyphenols	225-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-194
34635643-2	2021	Sitagliptin (SIT) is a DPP4 inhibitor that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its mechanism of action in SAP-ALI remains unclear.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
34635643-2	2021	Sitagliptin (SIT) is a DPP4 inhibitor that exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, its mechanism of action in SAP-ALI remains unclear.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	13-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
34646329-12	2021	Molecular docking revealed a good binding affinity of active components (quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and kaempferol) with the corresponding targets (CYP3A4, CYP1A1, HMOX1, DRD2, DPP4, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, NR1I2, and LGALS4).	kaempferol	110-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-187
34329567-1	2021	Cetagliptin is an oral, potent, and newly developed selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	cetagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-97
34646329-12	2021	Molecular docking revealed a good binding affinity of active components (quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and kaempferol) with the corresponding targets (CYP3A4, CYP1A1, HMOX1, DRD2, DPP4, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, NR1I2, and LGALS4).	Quercetin	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-187
34646329-12	2021	Molecular docking revealed a good binding affinity of active components (quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and kaempferol) with the corresponding targets (CYP3A4, CYP1A1, HMOX1, DRD2, DPP4, ADRA2A, ADRA2C, NR1I2, and LGALS4).	bisdemethoxycurcumin	84-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-187
34680079-13	2021	These differences could have an impact on the various physiological functions proposed for sCD26/DPP4.	scd26	91-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-101
34132017-10	2021	Factors associated with switching from SUs to DPP-4 inhibitors included age, gender, geographic region, baseline antidiabetic drug use, type of SU, baseline diabetes-related ER visits, hypoglycemia, and depression.	Sulfonylurea Compounds	144-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34481910-1	2021	AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, at reducing a composite outcome of three metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic risks.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	64-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	81-103
34481910-1	2021	AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, at reducing a composite outcome of three metabolic risk factors (obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic risks.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	64-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
34531316-2	2021	We demonstrate that acute cold challenge elicits striking transcriptomic changes specifically within DPP4+ PDGFRbeta+ adipocyte precursor cells, including a beta-adrenergic receptor CREB-mediated induction in the expression of the prothermogenic cytokine, Il33 Doxycycline-inducible deletion of Il33 in PDGFRbeta+ cells at the onset of cold exposure attenuates ILC2 accumulation and beige adipocyte accrual.	Doxycycline	261-272	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
34329567-1	2021	Cetagliptin is an oral, potent, and newly developed selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	cetagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
34679685-3	2021	In this study, nitrate and nitrite levels and the effects of DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin were investigated in relation to metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers.	Linagliptin	77-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
34405230-6	2021	COPD macrophages also showed higher expression of IL-1beta, and CCL3 responses to NTHi than normal, and treatment with DPP4 inhibitor, diprotin A attenuated this response.	diprotin A	135-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-123
34698081-3	2021	Two peptides, namely WTIAVPGPPHS from myomesin (water-soluble fraction, A = 0.9091) and FKRPPL from troponin (salt-soluble fraction, A = 0.8333), were selected as the most promising inhibitors of DPP-IV.	Water	48-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-202
34616361-0	2021	Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes.	imigliptin	36-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34616361-0	2021	Dipeptidyl-Peptidase-IV Inhibitors, Imigliptin and Alogliptin, Improve Beta-Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes.	alogliptin	51-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34428715-5	2021	DPP-4 acts by inhibiting the incretin action and thus decreases the level of blood glucose by imparting minimal side effects.	Glucose	83-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34577104-2	2021	Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
34577104-2	2021	Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
34551206-1	2022	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The union of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides satisfactory glucose management without increasing adverse events (AEs).	Glucose	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
34428715-8	2021	Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects.	cyanopyrrolidines	0-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
34551206-1	2022	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: The union of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) provides satisfactory glucose management without increasing adverse events (AEs).	Glucose	180-187	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
34428715-8	2021	Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects.	triazolopiperazine amide	19-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
34428715-8	2021	Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects.	Pyrrolidines	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
34540601-11	2021	In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for metformin-associated VitB12 deficiency in patients with tbl2DM include high daily dose of metformin >2000 mg, male gender, high BMI, smoking, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, H2 blockers/PPI, low fasting blood glucose, and low hemoglobin.	Metformin	59-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	215-237
34575782-0	2021	Proline-Specific Fungal Peptidases: Genomic Analysis and Identification of Secreted DPP4 in Alkaliphilic and Alkalitolerant Fungi.	Proline	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-88
34575782-7	2021	Comparative biochemical analysis of DPP4 in alkaliphilic and alkali-tolerant strains of fungi showed that, notwithstanding some individual features of these enzymes, in both cases, the studied DPP4 are active and stable under alkaline conditions and at high salt concentrations, which makes them viable candidates for biotechnology and bioengineering.	Salts	258-262	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	193-197
34522898-4	2021	Molecular dynamic simulation and molecular docking displayed that AESE was the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and can bind with the active sites of DPP-IV through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.	Hydrogen	170-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
34298103-6	2021	Single LR-CD with DP of 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33 and 34 (CD26~CD34) were isolated from LR-CD mixtures using ODS column for HPLC separation.	lr-cd	7-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-64
34522898-4	2021	Molecular dynamic simulation and molecular docking displayed that AESE was the most potent DPP-IV inhibitory peptide and can bind with the active sites of DPP-IV through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces.	Hydrogen	170-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-161
34390762-2	2021	METHODS: Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with once-daily DPP-4 inhibitors for at least 12 weeks were randomized to either continue once-daily DPP-4 inhibitors or receive omarigliptin, a once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor, for 24 weeks.	2-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-5-(2-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dihydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrazol-5(4H)-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-amine	203-215	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	231-236
34549042-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels and enhance the function of pancreatic beta cells.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
34549042-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors lower blood glucose levels and enhance the function of pancreatic beta cells.	Glucose	63-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
34296449-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors can reduce the blood sugar levels of diabetic patients by preventing the rapid decomposition of incretin hormone and prolonging its physiological effects.	Blood Glucose	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34477540-2	2022	DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4Is), also named gliptins like sitagliptin, have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; thereby lessen inflammatory and oxidative stress in diabetic Covid-19 patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34760762-10	2021	Among the antidiabetic drugs, most frequently prescribed was insulin and least prescribed was DPP-4 inhibitors and Biguanide+DPP-4 inhibitor both.	Biguanides	115-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
34391936-3	2021	We therefore evaluated soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) levels and activity in plasma of 131 HIV-infected and 20 HIV-uninfected South African individuals.	sdpp4	37-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
34296449-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors can reduce the blood sugar levels of diabetic patients by preventing the rapid decomposition of incretin hormone and prolonging its physiological effects.	Blood Glucose	59-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
34296449-3	2021	The FAGDDAPR and LAPPRGSL were identified by LC-MS/MS method, and the molecular models of DPP-IV and the two peptides were further constructed by AutoDock Vina software, the results revealed that the inhibition activity of FAGDDAPR and LAPPRGSL was mainly attributed to the formation of strong hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amino acids of DPP-IV.	Hydrogen	323-331	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34296449-3	2021	The FAGDDAPR and LAPPRGSL were identified by LC-MS/MS method, and the molecular models of DPP-IV and the two peptides were further constructed by AutoDock Vina software, the results revealed that the inhibition activity of FAGDDAPR and LAPPRGSL was mainly attributed to the formation of strong hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds with amino acids of DPP-IV.	Hydrogen	323-331	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	358-364
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Linagliptin	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34439553-6	2021	Hypoglycemic drugs that reduce glucose fluctuations by decreasing the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels, such as glinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and hypoglycemic drugs that ameliorate insulin sensitivity, such as thiazolidinediones and metformin, are expected to improve or augment endothelial function in patients with diabetes.	Glucose	31-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-186
34439553-6	2021	Hypoglycemic drugs that reduce glucose fluctuations by decreasing the postprandial rise in blood glucose levels, such as glinides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and hypoglycemic drugs that ameliorate insulin sensitivity, such as thiazolidinediones and metformin, are expected to improve or augment endothelial function in patients with diabetes.	Glucose	97-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-186
34404825-1	2021	Clinical trials investigating cardiovascular safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) among patients with cardiovascular and renal disease rarely recruit patients with renal impairment, despite associations with increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).	dpp-4i	91-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-78
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	Sitagliptin Phosphate	71-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	Linagliptin	91-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	Vildagliptin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	alogliptin	132-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	saxagliptin	154-165	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34233436-3	2021	Herein, we investigated the expression pattern of urinary exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) in patients taking a combination of DPP-4 inhibitor and metformin (DPP-4 inhibitor group) and compared them with patients taking a combination of sulfonylurea and metformin (sulfonylurea group).	Metformin	147-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-163
34233436-8	2021	Only miR-23a-3p was significantly overexpressed in the diabetes group compared with the control group (DPP-4 inhibitor vs. control, p = 0.01; sulfonylurea vs. control, p = 0.007).	mir-23a-3p	5-15	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
34512362-1	2021	Teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	0-13	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
34369744-3	2021	Dipeptide peptidase IV (DPP-IV) plays an important role in regulating blood sugar levels and is one of the targets for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.	Blood Glucose	70-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-30
34489627-7	2021	One of the therapeutic drugs for T2DM, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, suppresses the degradation of incretins, glucagon-like peptides and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
34489627-7	2021	One of the therapeutic drugs for T2DM, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, suppresses the degradation of incretins, glucagon-like peptides and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Glucose	149-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Linagliptin	61-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	alogliptin	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	alogliptin	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	saxagliptin	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	saxagliptin	86-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34484112-2	2021	This study assessed the economic outcomes of different DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin in the Chinese context.	Metformin	123-132	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
34444856-9	2021	Additionally, DPP IV was mainly inhibited by HE extracts but the effect was not of biological relevance.	Helium	45-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
34365776-4	2021	Patients who had received a metformin, or sulfonylurea/metformin combination (Group 1); a thiazolidinedione combination (Group 2); a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) combination (Group 3); or an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) combination (Group 4) were prospectively treated for 12 months; bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover marker (BTM) changes were evaluated.	LC15-0444	167-178	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	133-155
34304912-1	2021	PURPOSE: Evogliptin is one of the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and a number of clinical trials have been performed following its development, including several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
34304912-1	2021	PURPOSE: Evogliptin is one of the latest dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, and a number of clinical trials have been performed following its development, including several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed to evaluate its efficacy and tolerability.	4-(3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoyl)-3-(tert-butoxymethyl)piperazin-2-one	9-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
34190540-0	2021	Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Cocrystallized Gliptin-like Pyrrolidine, Trifluorophenyl, and Pyrimidine-2,4-Dione Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.	pyrimidine	106-116	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	127-149
34366847-0	2021	First-in-Human, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of TQ-F3083, a New Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, in Healthy Chinese Adults.	tq-f3083	70-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
34366847-1	2021	Background: As a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, TQ-F3083 represents a promising new drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	tq-f3083	65-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
34366847-1	2021	Background: As a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, TQ-F3083 represents a promising new drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	tq-f3083	65-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
33151168-5	2021	Additionally, our protein-chemical interaction networks identified important interactions between DPP4 and sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	107-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
34356366-3	2021	Moreover, both BUO and OMN reduced the DPP-IV activity expressed by Caco-2 cells by 2.9 +- 0.7, 44.4 +- 0.7, 61.2 +- 1.8, and 85 +- 4.2% and by 3 +- 1.9, 35 +- 9.4, 60 +- 7.2, and 82 +- 2.8%, respectively, at the same doses.	Diacetyl	15-18	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
34356366-5	2021	Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 +- 21.7, 187 +- 11.4, 354.5 +- 12.7, 741.6 +- 35.7, and 1112 +- 55.6 microM, respectively.	oleuropein	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34356366-5	2021	Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 +- 21.7, 187 +- 11.4, 354.5 +- 12.7, 741.6 +- 35.7, and 1112 +- 55.6 microM, respectively.	oleacein	12-20	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34356366-5	2021	Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 +- 21.7, 187 +- 11.4, 354.5 +- 12.7, 741.6 +- 35.7, and 1112 +- 55.6 microM, respectively.	oleocanthal	22-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34356366-5	2021	Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 +- 21.7, 187 +- 11.4, 354.5 +- 12.7, 741.6 +- 35.7, and 1112 +- 55.6 microM, respectively.	3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol	35-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34356366-5	2021	Oleuropein, oleacein, oleocanthal, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, tested alone, reduced the DPP-IV activity, with IC50 of 472.3 +- 21.7, 187 +- 11.4, 354.5 +- 12.7, 741.6 +- 35.7, and 1112 +- 55.6 microM, respectively.	4-hydroxyphenylethanol	55-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
34203048-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a therapeutic target for the management of T2DM, and its inhibitors prevent the degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, and thus, maintain their endogenous levels and lower blood glucose levels.	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
34203048-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a therapeutic target for the management of T2DM, and its inhibitors prevent the degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, and thus, maintain their endogenous levels and lower blood glucose levels.	Glucose	129-136	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
34203048-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a therapeutic target for the management of T2DM, and its inhibitors prevent the degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, and thus, maintain their endogenous levels and lower blood glucose levels.	Glucose	258-265	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
34203048-2	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a therapeutic target for the management of T2DM, and its inhibitors prevent the degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide 1, and thus, maintain their endogenous levels and lower blood glucose levels.	Glucose	258-265	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
34124273-1	2021	Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs whose anti-inflammatory properties have recently become useful in tackling metabolic syndromes in chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and obesity.	Glucose	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
34124273-1	2021	Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are glucose-lowering drugs whose anti-inflammatory properties have recently become useful in tackling metabolic syndromes in chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes and obesity.	Glucose	101-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
34112386-3	2021	The intake of phenolic compounds can play a fundamental role on diabetes management, since they can reduce blood glucose levels, oxidative stress, protein glycation, inhibit the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase - IV and other key enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism, activate various biochemical pathways to improve pancreatic beta-cell functions, increase insulin secretion, and improve insulin resistance.	Carbohydrates	249-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-215
34258291-2	2021	DPP-4 inhibitors are the other type of novel antidiabetic medications which act by preventing GLP-1 inactivation and thereby increasing the activity levels of GLP-1, leading to more glucose-induced insulin release from islet beta-cells and suppression of glucagon release.	Glucose	182-189	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
34222724-0	2021	Linagliptin, A Xanthine-Based Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
34222724-0	2021	Linagliptin, A Xanthine-Based Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis.	Xanthine	15-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
34222724-1	2021	This study sought to show the mechanism of how to ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) by administering dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	159-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-148
34222724-3	2021	Tandem mass spectrometry-based analysis demonstrated that DPP-4 binds to cathepsin G in EAM hearts, thereby protecting cathepsin G activity through inhibiting SerpinA3N activity.	molibresib	88-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
34124273-2	2021	We investigated whether empagliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor) and gemigliptin (DPP-4 inhibitor) improve inflammatory responses in macrophages, identified signalling pathways responsible for these effects, and studied whether the effects can be augmented with dual empagliflozin and gemigliptin therapy.	LC15-0444	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
34268363-4	2021	This study was performed to examine whether the DPP-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, can directly protect against stress-induced accelerated senescence (SIAS) of vascular endothelial cells, regardless of changes in ambient glucose level.	anagliptin	65-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
34195559-6	2021	For AMCs, only initiation of a DPP-4 inhibitor (43% lower rate; IRR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.81) was associated with a lower adjusted rate compared with SFU.	amcs	4-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
34268363-10	2021	Conclusions: The DPP-4 inhibitor anagliptin effectively protects HUVECs against SIAS, suggesting its potential use in the development of new treatment strategies for aging.	anagliptin	33-43	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
34095013-3	2021	Methods: After searching for trials using combination therapy of metformin with DPP4 inhibitor or SU in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, one prospective observation study and 15 randomized controlled studies were selected.	Metformin	65-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
34182806-3	2021	Utilising CV magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) by FreeStyle Libre Pro Sensor, we aim to explore the mechanisms of action which give Empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, its beneficial CV effects and compare these to the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	301-312	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	268-290
34590026-0	2021	Phase 2 Study of YS110, a Recombinant Humanized Anti-CD26 Monoclonal Antibody, in Japanese Patients With Advanced Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma.	ys110	17-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
34590026-1	2021	Introduction: YS110, a humanized monoclonal antibody with a high affinity to CD26, exhibited promising antitumor activity and was generally well-tolerated in the phase 1 part of a phase 1 and 2 Japanese trial in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).	ys110	14-19	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
34937822-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a serine protease expressed on luminal and apical cell membrane, is identical to the lymphocyte cell surface protein CD26.	Phenobarbital	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
34331689-4	2021	Additionally, curcumin may regulate novel signaling molecules and enzymes involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes, including glucagon-like peptide-1, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, glucose transporters, alpha-glycosidase, alpha-amylase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).	Curcumin	14-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-176
34063285-5	2021	With regard to this finding, we have shown that the DPP-4 inhibitor induces breast cancer metastasis and chemoresistance via an increase in its substrate C-X-C motif chemokine 12, and the consequent induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the tumor.	c-x-c	154-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
34150437-6	2021	During hospitalization, there was a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, lean body mass, VFA and circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations, but not in body fat mass.	scd26	121-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
34150437-8	2021	It was also observed a positive correlation between changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and gamma-GTP level, HOMA-IR, and a negative correlation between the changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and VFA significantly (r = 0.300, 0.633, - 0.343, respectively).	scd26	81-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
34150437-8	2021	It was also observed a positive correlation between changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and gamma-GTP level, HOMA-IR, and a negative correlation between the changes in circulating DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations and VFA significantly (r = 0.300, 0.633, - 0.343, respectively).	Fatty Acids, Volatile	225-228	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	194-199
34150437-9	2021	In conclusion, our observations suggest that liver enzymes as well as VFA might be associated with the response of DPP-4/sCD26 concentrations.	scd26	121-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
34937822-1	2021	Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a serine protease expressed on luminal and apical cell membrane, is identical to the lymphocyte cell surface protein CD26.	Phenobarbital	62-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
34937822-2	2021	DPP4 rapidly deactivates hormones and cytokines by cleaving their NH2-terminal dipeptides.	Dipeptides	79-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
34966201-1	2021	Objective: To evaluate the effect of adding DPP4 inhibitor (DPP4-i) on glycemic variability (GV) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with premixed human insulin (MHI).	dpp4-i	60-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
35634373-0	2022	Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 by Flavonoids: Structure-Activity Relationship, Kinetics and Interaction Mechanism.	Flavonoids	40-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
35581902-0	2022	A Double-blind, Randomized Controlled Trial on Glucose-lowering Effects and Safety of Adding 0.25 or 0.5 mg Lobeglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Inadequate Control on Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitor Therapy: REFIND Study.	lobeglitazone	108-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	191-196
35581902-1	2022	AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of adding low-dose lobeglitazone (0.25 mg/day) or standard-dose lobeglitazone (0.5 mg/day) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glucose control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) inhibitor therapy.	lobeglitazone	60-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-251
35581902-1	2022	AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of adding low-dose lobeglitazone (0.25 mg/day) or standard-dose lobeglitazone (0.5 mg/day) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with inadequate glucose control on metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) inhibitor therapy.	lobeglitazone	105-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-251
35581902-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Adding low-dose lobeglitazone to metformin and DPP4 inhibitor combination resulted in a non-inferior glucose-lowering outcome and fewer adverse events compared with standard-dose lobeglitazone.	lobeglitazone	29-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
35626976-5	2022	Molecular docking indicated that the above four oat-derived peptides were predicted to form hydrogen bonds, attractive charge, and hydrophobic interactions with the residues of the active site of DPP-IV.	Hydrogen	92-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-202
35626976-6	2022	Therefore, our results suggest that oat is an excellent protein source for food-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides and it has the prospect of becoming a dietary supplement for T2DM.	Peptides	106-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-94
35388920-0	2022	New enantioselective liquid chromatography method development and validation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors using a macrocyclic glycopeptide (vancomycin) chiral stationary phase under polar ionic mode condition.	Glycopeptides	135-147	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
35388920-0	2022	New enantioselective liquid chromatography method development and validation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors using a macrocyclic glycopeptide (vancomycin) chiral stationary phase under polar ionic mode condition.	Vancomycin	149-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	76-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	89-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Linagliptin	95-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Linagliptin	108-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	saxagliptin	118-129	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	saxagliptin	131-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Polysaccharides	209-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Polysaccharides	209-223	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Glycopeptides	293-305	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Glycopeptides	293-305	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Vancomycin	306-316	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
35388920-1	2022	The direct separation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors such as Sitagliptin (STG), Linagliptin (LIG), and Saxagliptin (SAG) enantiomers in normal phase conditions have been achieved on immobilized polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), as well as on the macrocyclic glycopeptide vancomycin chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic V2) under polar ionic mode.	Vancomycin	306-316	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
35613488-2	2022	When we started nursing home patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) on DPP-4 inhibitors, we tapered insulin when finger stick blood sugar levels dropped to <200 mg/dL.	Blood Glucose	123-134	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
35581701-5	2022	Sitagliptin appears to be one of the good DPP-4 inhibitors that have antiinflammatory and antithrombotic effect.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	Flavonoids	110-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	420-425
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	hyperoside	134-144	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	narcissin flavonol	146-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	cyaniding 3-o-glucoside	160-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	cyaniding 3-o-glucoside	160-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-252
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	cyaniding 3-o-glucoside	160-183	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	420-425
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	isoliquiritigenin	189-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	isoliquiritigenin	189-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-252
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	isoliquiritigenin	189-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	420-425
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	myricetin	349-358	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	Flavonoids	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	Flavonoids	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	Flavonoids	74-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	283-288
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	myricetin	302-311	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	hyperoside	313-323	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	narcissin flavonol	325-337	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	339-361	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-1	2022	With the aim to establish a structure-inhibitory activity relationship of flavonoids against dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and elucidate the interaction mechanisms between them, a pannel of 70 structurally diverse flavonoids was used to evaluate their inhibitory activities against DPP-4, among which myricetin, hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin showed higher inhibitory activities in a concentration-dependent manner.	isoliquiritigenin	367-384	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
35634373-2	2022	Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that introducing hydroxyl groups to C3", C4", and C6 of the flavonoid structure was beneficial to improving the inhibitory efficacy against DPP-4, whereas the hydroxylation at position 3 of ring C in the flavonoid structure was unfavorable for the inhibition.	Flavonoids	110-119	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
35634373-2	2022	Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that introducing hydroxyl groups to C3", C4", and C6 of the flavonoid structure was beneficial to improving the inhibitory efficacy against DPP-4, whereas the hydroxylation at position 3 of ring C in the flavonoid structure was unfavorable for the inhibition.	Flavonoids	254-263	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
35634373-3	2022	Besides, the methylation of the hydroxyl groups at C3", C4", and C7 of the flavonoid structure tended to lower the inhibitory activity against DPP-4, and the 2,3-double bond and 4-carbonyl group on ring C of the flavonoid structure was essential for the inhibition.	Flavonoids	75-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
35634373-3	2022	Besides, the methylation of the hydroxyl groups at C3", C4", and C7 of the flavonoid structure tended to lower the inhibitory activity against DPP-4, and the 2,3-double bond and 4-carbonyl group on ring C of the flavonoid structure was essential for the inhibition.	Flavonoids	212-221	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
35634373-5	2022	Inhibition kinetic analysis suggested that myricetin reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a non-competitive mode, whereas hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin all reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a mixed type.	myricetin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
35634373-5	2022	Inhibition kinetic analysis suggested that myricetin reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a non-competitive mode, whereas hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin all reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a mixed type.	myricetin	43-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
35634373-5	2022	Inhibition kinetic analysis suggested that myricetin reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a non-competitive mode, whereas hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin all reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a mixed type.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	141-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
35634373-5	2022	Inhibition kinetic analysis suggested that myricetin reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a non-competitive mode, whereas hyperoside, narcissoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin all reversibly inhibited DPP-4 in a mixed type.	cyanidin-3-o-glucoside	141-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
35634373-6	2022	Moreover, the fluorescence quenching analysis indicated that all the five flavonoid compounds could effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of DPP-4 by spontaneously binding with it to form an unstable complex.	Flavonoids	74-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
35634373-7	2022	Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals were the predominant forces to maintain the complex of myricetin with DPP-4, and electrostatic forces might play an important role in stabilizing the complexes of the remaining four flavonoids with DPP-4.	Hydrogen	0-8	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
35634373-7	2022	Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals were the predominant forces to maintain the complex of myricetin with DPP-4, and electrostatic forces might play an important role in stabilizing the complexes of the remaining four flavonoids with DPP-4.	Flavonoids	215-225	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	231-236
35634373-8	2022	The binding of the tested flavonoids to DPP-4 could also induce the conformation change of DPP-4 and thus led to inhibition on the enzyme.	Flavonoids	26-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
35634373-8	2022	The binding of the tested flavonoids to DPP-4 could also induce the conformation change of DPP-4 and thus led to inhibition on the enzyme.	Flavonoids	26-36	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	Flavonoids	110-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
35634373-9	2022	Molecular docking simulation further ascertained the binding interactions between DPP-4 and the selected five flavonoids, among which hyperoside, narcissoside, cyaniding 3-O-glucoside, and isoliquiritigenin inserted into the active site cavity of DPP-4 and interacted with the key amino acid residues of the active site, whereas the binding site of myricetin was located in a minor cavity close to the active pockets of DPP-4.	Flavonoids	110-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	247-252
35566779-9	2022	Conclusively, DPP-4 inhibitors used alone or in combination with other glucose-lowering agents were correlated with lower risks of eGFR decline in patients with type 2 DM.	Glucose	71-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
35615279-1	2022	Background: It has been established that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Diprotin A TFA can reduce vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption by inhibiting the increase in cleaved beta-catenin in response to hypoxia, thereby protecting the vascular barrier of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Trifluoroacetic Acid	97-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
35615279-1	2022	Background: It has been established that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Diprotin A TFA can reduce vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption by inhibiting the increase in cleaved beta-catenin in response to hypoxia, thereby protecting the vascular barrier of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Trifluoroacetic Acid	97-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
35615279-1	2022	Background: It has been established that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Diprotin A TFA can reduce vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption by inhibiting the increase in cleaved beta-catenin in response to hypoxia, thereby protecting the vascular barrier of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	diprotin A	86-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-67
35615279-1	2022	Background: It has been established that the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor Diprotin A TFA can reduce vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin disruption by inhibiting the increase in cleaved beta-catenin in response to hypoxia, thereby protecting the vascular barrier of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	diprotin A	86-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
35512071-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i) is a common hypoglycemic medication in treating type 2 diabetes millitus.	dpp-4i	47-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
35574252-1	2022	The aim of current study was to investigate the inhibitory activities of resveratrol and taxifolin against alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes via in vitro analysis which was further validated by in silico studies.	Resveratrol	73-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-151
35574252-1	2022	The aim of current study was to investigate the inhibitory activities of resveratrol and taxifolin against alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes via in vitro analysis which was further validated by in silico studies.	taxifolin	89-98	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-151
35574252-2	2022	The analysis of molecular docking was also done to determine the binding capabilities of resveratrol and taxifolin with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes.	Resveratrol	89-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
35574252-2	2022	The analysis of molecular docking was also done to determine the binding capabilities of resveratrol and taxifolin with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV enzymes.	taxifolin	105-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	158-164
35574252-4	2022	IC50 value of resveratrol and taxifolin (5.638 +- .0016 mu M  and 6.691 +- .004 mu M  ) in comparison to diprotin A (IC50: 7.21 +- .021 mu M  ) showed that they have significant inhibitory effect on DPP-IV enzyme.	Resveratrol	14-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-205
35574252-4	2022	IC50 value of resveratrol and taxifolin (5.638 +- .0016 mu M  and 6.691 +- .004 mu M  ) in comparison to diprotin A (IC50: 7.21 +- .021 mu M  ) showed that they have significant inhibitory effect on DPP-IV enzyme.	taxifolin	30-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-205
35574252-4	2022	IC50 value of resveratrol and taxifolin (5.638 +- .0016 mu M  and 6.691 +- .004 mu M  ) in comparison to diprotin A (IC50: 7.21 +- .021 mu M  ) showed that they have significant inhibitory effect on DPP-IV enzyme.	diprotin A	105-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	199-205
35574252-5	2022	Our results illustrated that resveratrol and taxifolin have potential to prevent the metabolism of carbohydrates via inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, and prolongs metabolic function of incretin by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of DPP-IV.	Resveratrol	29-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	252-258
35574252-5	2022	Our results illustrated that resveratrol and taxifolin have potential to prevent the metabolism of carbohydrates via inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, and prolongs metabolic function of incretin by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of DPP-IV.	taxifolin	45-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	252-258
35574252-6	2022	The results of molecular docking have also revealed that resveratrol and taxifolin have significant affinity to bind with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in comparison with standard drugs such as acarbose, miglitol, and diprotin.	Resveratrol	57-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-166
35574252-6	2022	The results of molecular docking have also revealed that resveratrol and taxifolin have significant affinity to bind with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in comparison with standard drugs such as acarbose, miglitol, and diprotin.	taxifolin	73-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-166
35574252-6	2022	The results of molecular docking have also revealed that resveratrol and taxifolin have significant affinity to bind with alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and DPP-IV in comparison with standard drugs such as acarbose, miglitol, and diprotin.	miglitol	219-227	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	160-166
35600378-3	2022	We investigated the association between cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) of DPP4is exposure and risks of liver and colorectal cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes.	cddd	71-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
35600378-6	2022	Results: The data showed that the low cDDD of DPP-4is was associated with a reducing risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75; P=0.001).	cddd	38-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
35600378-7	2022	However, the high cDDD of DPP-4is was associated with an increasing risk of colorectal cancer (adjusted OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.32-2.61; P<0.001).	cddd	18-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
35600378-9	2022	Conclusions: This nested case study revealed a J-shaped association between the cDDD of DPP-4is and colorectal cancer risk, but not liver cancer risk.	cddd	80-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
35635037-3	2022	Sitagliptin is an effective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of diabetes, which is recently reported to regulate oxidative stress and autophagy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-63
35635037-3	2022	Sitagliptin is an effective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of diabetes, which is recently reported to regulate oxidative stress and autophagy.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
34984794-2	2022	The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of renal impairment on incretin metabolism in patients with T2DM before and after treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	195-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-176
34984794-2	2022	The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of renal impairment on incretin metabolism in patients with T2DM before and after treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor linagliptin.	Linagliptin	195-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	178-183
35582467-5	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce glucagon and blood glucose levels by raising levels of the endogenous hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and constitute a safe and effective glucose lowering treatment option in patients with type 2 DM.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
35483674-3	2022	We conducted this study to compare the serum ketone response between dapagliflozin, an SGLT2i, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, among insulin-treated T2DM patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	99-110	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-136
35582467-5	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce glucagon and blood glucose levels by raising levels of the endogenous hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and constitute a safe and effective glucose lowering treatment option in patients with type 2 DM.	Glucose	68-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
35582467-5	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce glucagon and blood glucose levels by raising levels of the endogenous hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and constitute a safe and effective glucose lowering treatment option in patients with type 2 DM.	Glucose	233-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
35582467-5	2022	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors reduce glucagon and blood glucose levels by raising levels of the endogenous hormones glucagon-like-peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and constitute a safe and effective glucose lowering treatment option in patients with type 2 DM.	Glucose	233-240	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
35458159-4	2022	Enzogenol  demonstrated the ability to inhibit all three enzymes: alpha-amylase enzyme activity (IC50 3.98 +- 0.11 mg/mL), alpha-glucosidase enzyme activity (IC50 13.02 +- 0.28 mug/mL), and DPP-4 enzyme activity (IC50 2.51 +- 0.04 mg/mL).	enzogenol	0-9	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	190-195
35413090-3	2022	The level of soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) was found to be reduced in MERS-CoV infected patients while high levels of sDPP4 were suggested to be protective against MERS-CoV in animal models.	sdpp4	27-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
35496279-5	2022	Melatonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) are known to possess powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and have garnered significant attention in the recent years.	dpp-4i	50-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
35138572-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin/canagliflozin combination tablets, which combine a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (teneligliptin) and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (canagliflozin), are a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
35530894-2	2022	In this study, we planned to evaluate the effects of teneligliptin (TG), which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on cell healing by creating nephrotoxicity models in human renal proximal tubule cell and human embryonic kidney epithelial cells cell lines in-vitro with cisplatin, vancomycin, and gentamicin.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	53-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
35530894-2	2022	In this study, we planned to evaluate the effects of teneligliptin (TG), which is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on cell healing by creating nephrotoxicity models in human renal proximal tubule cell and human embryonic kidney epithelial cells cell lines in-vitro with cisplatin, vancomycin, and gentamicin.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	53-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
35138572-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin/canagliflozin combination tablets, which combine a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (teneligliptin) and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (canagliflozin), are a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan.	3-(4-(4-(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-ylcarbonyl)thiazolidine	14-27	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
35138572-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin/canagliflozin combination tablets, which combine a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (teneligliptin) and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (canagliflozin), are a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan.	Canagliflozin	28-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
35138572-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Teneligliptin/canagliflozin combination tablets, which combine a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor (teneligliptin) and a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (canagliflozin), are a treatment option for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Japan.	Canagliflozin	28-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
35045722-0	2022	DPP4 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4) Inhibition Increases Catecholamines Without Increasing Blood Pressure During Sustained ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibitor Treatment.	Catecholamines	51-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
35045722-0	2022	DPP4 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4) Inhibition Increases Catecholamines Without Increasing Blood Pressure During Sustained ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) Inhibitor Treatment.	Catecholamines	51-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-28
35045722-2	2022	We previously showed that DPP4 inhibition attenuates the hypotensive effect of acute ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibition and increases norepinephrine.	Norepinephrine	146-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
35045722-6	2022	RESULTS: We found that DPP4 inhibition increased norepinephrine during ramipril but did not increase blood pressure.	Norepinephrine	49-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
35045722-6	2022	RESULTS: We found that DPP4 inhibition increased norepinephrine during ramipril but did not increase blood pressure.	Ramipril	71-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-27
35045722-8	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Increased catecholamines during concurrent ACE and DPP4 inhibition may contribute to cardiovascular complications in patients predisposed to heart failure.	Catecholamines	23-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
35180646-2	2022	NPY1-36 potentiates NE action post-synaptically through the stimulation of the Y1 receptor, whereas its metabolite NPY3-36 resulting from DPP4 action activates Y2 presynaptic receptors, inhibiting NE and acetylcholine secretion.	Acetylcholine	204-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
35344848-0	2022	Safety and efficacy of once weekly dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor trelagliptin in type-2 diabetes: A meta-analysis.	trelagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-57
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Dipeptides	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	277-299
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Dipeptides	129-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	301-305
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Doxorubicin	163-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	277-299
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Doxorubicin	163-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	301-305
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Doxorubicin	215-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	277-299
35149549-4	2022	After extracellular cleavage by tumor-enriched thimet oligopeptidase-1 (THOP1), a cell-permeable but still biologically inactive dipeptide-conjugate is formed (GP-Dox), which is further processed intracellularly to Dox by fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP-alpha) and/or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4).	Doxorubicin	215-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	301-305
35115253-9	2022	Metformin-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (e.g., metformin-sitagliptin) combination was the most popular metformin-based single pill drug combination.	Metformin	50-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
35115253-9	2022	Metformin-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (e.g., metformin-sitagliptin) combination was the most popular metformin-based single pill drug combination.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	60-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-32
35294449-1	2022	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is used orally in conjunction with diet and exercise to control sugar levels in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-39
35355800-7	2022	A short time after setting the beginning treatment with a basal-bolus insulin regimen, her insulin requirement rapidly declined and treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4), was started.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	147-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	162-184
35355800-7	2022	A short time after setting the beginning treatment with a basal-bolus insulin regimen, her insulin requirement rapidly declined and treatment with sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4), was started.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	147-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	196-200
35294449-1	2022	Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is used orally in conjunction with diet and exercise to control sugar levels in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
35273901-1	2022	Proline specific serine protease enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) has become a promising target for diabetes, as it stops glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from becoming inactive, resulting in higher levels of active GLP-1.	Serine	17-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
35371018-0	2022	Induction of IDO1 and Kynurenine by Serine Proteases Subtilisin, Prostate Specific Antigen, CD26 and HtrA: A New Form of Immunosuppression?	Kynurenine	22-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
35371018-0	2022	Induction of IDO1 and Kynurenine by Serine Proteases Subtilisin, Prostate Specific Antigen, CD26 and HtrA: A New Form of Immunosuppression?	Serine	36-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Kynurenine	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	251-255
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Kynurenine	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	257-279
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Kynurenine	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	281-285
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Kynurenine	69-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	286-291
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Serine	155-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	251-255
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Serine	155-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	257-279
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Serine	155-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	281-285
35371018-3	2022	We now report that IDO1 mRNA and IDO1 protein expression (generating kynurenine) are induced in human monocyte-derived macrophages by several chymotryptic serine proteases with direct links to tumorigenesis, including Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), CD26 (Dipeptidyl-peptidase-4, CD26/DPP-4), High Temperature Requirement protein-A (HtrA), and the bacterial virulence factor subtilisin.	Serine	155-161	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	286-291
35273901-1	2022	Proline specific serine protease enzyme, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) has become a promising target for diabetes, as it stops glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) from becoming inactive, resulting in higher levels of active GLP-1.	Serine	17-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
35273901-7	2022	A systematic computational method combining molecular docking, MM-GBSA binding energy calculation, MD simulations, MM-PBSA binding free energy calculations and ADME were used to find best DPP-4 inhibitor.	poly(tetramethylene succinate-co-tetramethylene adipate)	118-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-193
35309368-2	2022	DPP4 cleaves dipeptide off from the N-terminal of its substrates, altering the bioactivity of its substrates.	Dipeptides	13-22	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
35273901-8	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that clindamycin has a higher affinity towards the catalytic sides of DPP-4 and built solid hydrophobic and polar interactions with the amino acids involved in the binding region of DPP-4, such as S1 subsite, S2 subsite and S2 extensive subsite.	Clindamycin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
35273901-8	2022	Molecular docking results revealed that clindamycin has a higher affinity towards the catalytic sides of DPP-4 and built solid hydrophobic and polar interactions with the amino acids involved in the binding region of DPP-4, such as S1 subsite, S2 subsite and S2 extensive subsite.	Clindamycin	40-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	217-222
35273901-9	2022	MD simulations results showed clindamycin as potent virtual hit and suggested that it binds with DPP-4 in competitive manner, which virtually indicate that besides antibiotic activity clindamycin has anti-diabetic activity.	Clindamycin	30-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
35273901-9	2022	MD simulations results showed clindamycin as potent virtual hit and suggested that it binds with DPP-4 in competitive manner, which virtually indicate that besides antibiotic activity clindamycin has anti-diabetic activity.	Clindamycin	184-195	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
35043090-7	2022	Although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, additionally it also stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha creating a cytokine storm.	Glucose	59-66	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-31
35272176-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, is available as immediate release (IR) tablets administered at 50 mg twice daily (BID).	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
35272176-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, is available as immediate release (IR) tablets administered at 50 mg twice daily (BID).	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
35272176-11	2022	CONCLUSION: This study confirms the therapeutic equivalence of vildagliptin IR and MR formulations for DPP-4 enzyme inhibition over time.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
34711126-2	2022	We evaluated the safety and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor linagliptin in Asian patients with T2D.	Linagliptin	81-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
35337071-0	2022	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neogliptin, a Novel 2-Azabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-Based Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	neogliptin	47-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-135
35320256-0	2022	Sitagliptin: A promising DPP-4 inhibitor for prevention of acute graft versus host disease.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-30
34559464-1	2022	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: We assessed the association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) and time-dependent changes in the risk for developing BP after DPP-4i initiation.	-4is	93-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
35337071-0	2022	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neogliptin, a Novel 2-Azabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-Based Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	neogliptin	47-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
35337071-0	2022	Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neogliptin, a Novel 2-Azabicyclo(2.2.1)heptane-Based Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4).	2-Azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	67-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	(r)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid	23-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	(r)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid	23-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	235-257
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	bicyclic amino	91-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	bicyclic amino	91-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	235-257
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane	114-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	228-233
35337071-1	2022	Compounds that contain (R)-3-amino-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid substituted with bicyclic amino moiety (2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane) were designed using molecular modelling methods, synthesised, and found to be potent DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors.	2-aza-bicyclo(2.2.1)heptane	114-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	235-257
35337071-2	2022	Compound 12a (IC50 = 16.8 +- 2.2 nM), named neogliptin, is a more potent DPP-4 inhibitor than vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	neogliptin	44-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
35337071-3	2022	Neogliptin interacts with key DPP-4 residues in the active site and has pharmacophore parameters similar to vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	neogliptin	0-10	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
35216503-0	2022	Neuroprotective Effects of the DPP4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson"s Disease.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
35242880-17	2022	Additionally, the safest class of oral glucose-lowering drugs preferred during Ramadan fasting in T2DM patients is DPP-4 inhibitors.	Glucose	39-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
35216503-4	2022	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
35216503-4	2022	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
35130437-0	2022	Analysis of the Structure and Activity of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Oligopeptides from Sorghum Kafirin.	Oligopeptides	86-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
35205190-0	2022	Identification of DPP4/CTNNB1/MET as a Theranostic Signature of Thyroid Cancer and Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Sitagliptin.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	126-137	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-22
35205190-8	2022	Interestingly, our in silico molecular docking results exhibited putative binding affinities of sitagliptin with DPP4/CTNNB1/MET signatures, even higher than standard inhibitors of these genes.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	96-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-117
35130437-0	2022	Analysis of the Structure and Activity of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-IV) Inhibitory Oligopeptides from Sorghum Kafirin.	kafirin	113-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-73
35130437-5	2022	An in silico analysis of these three inhibitory oligopeptides indicated that they were all bound to the S1 and S2 active pockets of DPP-IV through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.	Hydrogen	147-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
35211246-9	2022	Overall, DPP-4 inhibitors appear to have a place in the management of patients with diabetes as a safe class of oral glucose lowering agents with great experience in their use.	Glucose	117-124	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
35215315-1	2022	This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term plasma concentration profiles of dapagliflozin and its effects on the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, body weight, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 72 Japanese outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) receiving metformin and a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	dapagliflozin	84-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	307-329
35164839-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) decrease glucose levels by regulating incretin peptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Glucose	64-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-34
35215420-1	2022	The ability of peptides from an aqueous and salt-soluble protein extract of dry-cured pork loins to inhibit the action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV was determined.	Salts	44-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
35060938-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 is part of a larger family of proteases referred to as DPPs.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	98-102	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-42
35081865-4	2022	Linagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor recently reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory properties.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-45
35081865-4	2022	Linagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor recently reported to exert significant anti-inflammatory properties.	Linagliptin	0-11	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
35081865-9	2022	Treatment with 100 nM of the DPP-4 inhibitor Linagliptin ameliorated IL-29-induced expressions of SOX-9, Col2a1, and Acan.	Linagliptin	45-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
35050311-4	2022	GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) represent two drug classes used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that improve glucose regulation through stimulating the actions of gut-derived incretin hormones or inhibiting their degradation, respectively.	Glucose	181-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
35050311-4	2022	GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) represent two drug classes used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that improve glucose regulation through stimulating the actions of gut-derived incretin hormones or inhibiting their degradation, respectively.	Glucose	181-188	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
35086469-8	2022	DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) such as linagliptin and sitagliptin have therapeutic effects which have been shown to extend beyond glycaemic control with no risk of hypoglycaemia.	Linagliptin	35-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
35086469-8	2022	DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) such as linagliptin and sitagliptin have therapeutic effects which have been shown to extend beyond glycaemic control with no risk of hypoglycaemia.	Sitagliptin Phosphate	51-62	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
35111291-19	2022	Plain language summary: Safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes: Introduction:: We performed the review to assess the safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in older type 2 diabetes patients with blood sugar outside the normal level.Methods:: To answer the question, we searched various electronic databases.	Sugars	256-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	169-191
35111291-19	2022	Plain language summary: Safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in older adults with type 2 diabetes: Introduction:: We performed the review to assess the safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in older type 2 diabetes patients with blood sugar outside the normal level.Methods:: To answer the question, we searched various electronic databases.	Sugars	256-261	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	193-198
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Proline	108-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Proline	108-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Alanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-27
35053615-7	2022	CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) functions as a serine protease, selectively cleaving polypeptides with a proline or alanine at the penultimate N-terminal position, such as chemokines.	Alanine	119-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-33
34841901-9	2022	FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Among strategies to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome, Glyburide, Metformin, PPAR agonists and the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin appear to be closest to clinical translation, as these drugs are already FDA approved for other indications.	saxagliptin	131-142	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
35228448-4	2022	Semaglutide has a high affinity for the fatty acid binding site of albumin and has an extended half-life by being protected from degradation by DPP-4, due to specific modification of its amino acid sequence.	Fatty Acids	40-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-149
35118026-3	2022	Methods: After searching for trials using combination therapy of metformin with an SU or DPP4 inhibitor in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase, 1 prospective observational study and 15 randomized controlled studies were selected.	Metformin	65-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	89-93
35050153-8	2022	Furthermore, the inference can be drawn that flavonoids may protect against IBD through modulating enterohormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK).	Flavonoids	45-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-185
35050153-8	2022	Furthermore, the inference can be drawn that flavonoids may protect against IBD through modulating enterohormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK).	Flavonoids	45-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	198-203
35370321-1	2022	Vildagliptin is an oral agent which is a member of a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-107
35370321-1	2022	Vildagliptin is an oral agent which is a member of a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
35059248-10	2022	Adding DPP-4-inhibitor to the lower dose of metformin is an alternative approach to the stable GV in MDI compared to additional high-dose metformin.	Metformin	44-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12