PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offset protein_name organism prot_offset 33932034-4 2021 Mechanistically, we found that BNIP3-deprived melanoma cells displayed increased intracellular iron levels caused by heightened NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy, which fostered PHD2-mediated HIF-1alpha destabilization. Iron 95-99 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 33713969-0 2021 The DpdtbA induced EMT inhibition in gastric cancer cell lines was through ferritinophagy-mediated activation of p53 and PHD2/hif-1alpha pathway. dpdtba 4-10 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 33988258-2 2021 Recently, the reduction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), a primary cellular oxygen sensor, has shown an incredible extensive effect on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration by improving cell resistance to reactive oxygen species, whereas its role in periodontal defect repair is unclear. Oxygen 101-107 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-73 33988258-2 2021 Recently, the reduction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), a primary cellular oxygen sensor, has shown an incredible extensive effect on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration by improving cell resistance to reactive oxygen species, whereas its role in periodontal defect repair is unclear. Oxygen 101-107 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 33988258-2 2021 Recently, the reduction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), a primary cellular oxygen sensor, has shown an incredible extensive effect on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration by improving cell resistance to reactive oxygen species, whereas its role in periodontal defect repair is unclear. Oxygen 237-243 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-73 33988258-2 2021 Recently, the reduction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2), a primary cellular oxygen sensor, has shown an incredible extensive effect on skeletal muscle tissue regeneration by improving cell resistance to reactive oxygen species, whereas its role in periodontal defect repair is unclear. Oxygen 237-243 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 33988258-6 2021 Under oxidative stress conditions, COL I and ALP expression levels, suppressed by 100 muM H2 O2 , were elevated by PHD2-gene-silencing in hPDLCs. Hydrogen Peroxide 90-95 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 33713969-4 2021 The data from immunofluorescent and Western blotting analysis revealed that DpdtbA treatment resulted in EMT inhibition along with downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (hif-1alpha), hinting that prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) was involved. dpdtba 76-82 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 201-221 33713969-4 2021 The data from immunofluorescent and Western blotting analysis revealed that DpdtbA treatment resulted in EMT inhibition along with downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (hif-1alpha), hinting that prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) was involved. dpdtba 76-82 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 223-227 33713969-9 2021 Taken together, All data supported that DpdtbA induced EMT inhibition was through activation of p53 and PHD2/hif-1alpha pathway. dpdtba 40-46 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 32754325-2 2020 Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression levels of HIF-1alpha, HIF-2alpha, prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)1, PHD2 and PHD3 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue samples from 41 patients with RCC, including 33 cases of clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Formaldehyde 158-166 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 33871074-10 2021 Thus, the results obtained from pharmacophore, docking, and MD simulations depicted that linker length and metal binding in the scaffold could be effectively used as a potent inhibitor toward human PHD2 in AD therapeutics. Metals 107-112 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 33550096-2 2021 Oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha is tightly regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain containing proteins (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3). Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 33410354-5 2021 In the present study, we demonstrated that prolonged hypoxia increased ROS, which induced prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) and factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), major regulators of HIF-1alpha. Reactive Oxygen Species 71-74 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-136 33410354-5 2021 In the present study, we demonstrated that prolonged hypoxia increased ROS, which induced prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD2) and factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), major regulators of HIF-1alpha. Reactive Oxygen Species 71-74 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 33410354-7 2021 PHD2 and FIH-1 were induced by external hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but were suppressed by ROS-scavenging catalase. Hydrogen Peroxide 40-57 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33410354-7 2021 PHD2 and FIH-1 were induced by external hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but were suppressed by ROS-scavenging catalase. Hydrogen Peroxide 59-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33410354-7 2021 PHD2 and FIH-1 were induced by external hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but were suppressed by ROS-scavenging catalase. Reactive Oxygen Species 88-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33410354-8 2021 We investigated the mechanisms by which PHD2 and FIH-1 are regulated by ROS. Reactive Oxygen Species 72-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 33410354-15 2021 Collectively, the present results showed that prolonged hypoxia or increased ROS levels induced Ref-1, leading to the activation of HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity, while the activation of HIF-1alpha via Ref-1 induced PHD2 and FIH-1, causing the feedback of HIF-1alpha. Reactive Oxygen Species 77-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 222-226 33319810-4 2020 Following the observation that, despite weak inhibition/binding in solution, succinamic acid derivatives readily enable PHD2 crystallization, we explored methods to induce crystallization without active site binding. SUCCINAMIC ACID 77-92 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 31852247-1 2020 Background: Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD2) is an oxygen sensor that is able to induce hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-alpha) degradation under normoxic condition. Peptide oostatic hormone 12-18 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 31852247-1 2020 Background: Prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD2) is an oxygen sensor that is able to induce hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-alpha) degradation under normoxic condition. Oxygen 60-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 31939292-5 2020 We employed a combined multiscale approach involving classical atomistic equilibrium and non-equilibrium MD simulations combined with QM/MM trajectories to investigate dioxygen diffusion to, and binding at, the active site in the PHD2.Fe(II).2OG.HIF substrate complex; PHD2 is the most important of the three human PHDs. Oxygen 168-176 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 32377332-2 2020 As a cellular oxygen sensor, prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2, encoded by egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1, EGLN1) modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) protein for proteasomal destruction under normoxic condition. Oxygen 14-20 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-75 32377332-2 2020 As a cellular oxygen sensor, prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2, encoded by egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1, EGLN1) modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) protein for proteasomal destruction under normoxic condition. Oxygen 14-20 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 32377332-2 2020 As a cellular oxygen sensor, prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2, encoded by egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1, EGLN1) modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) protein for proteasomal destruction under normoxic condition. Oxygen 14-20 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 32377332-3 2020 In addition, 2-oxoglutarate- (OG-) dependent dioxygenase activity of PHD2 is involved in the oxygen and iron regulation of iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IRP2) stability. Ketoglutaric Acids 13-27 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 32377332-3 2020 In addition, 2-oxoglutarate- (OG-) dependent dioxygenase activity of PHD2 is involved in the oxygen and iron regulation of iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IRP2) stability. Oxygen 47-53 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 32377332-3 2020 In addition, 2-oxoglutarate- (OG-) dependent dioxygenase activity of PHD2 is involved in the oxygen and iron regulation of iron-responsive element binding protein 2 (IRP2) stability. Iron 104-108 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 32142369-9 2020 The PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) inhibitor FG-4592 significantly increased NAMPT promoter activity and protein expression in an HIF-2alpha-dependent manner. roxadustat 68-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 32142369-9 2020 The PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) inhibitor FG-4592 significantly increased NAMPT promoter activity and protein expression in an HIF-2alpha-dependent manner. roxadustat 68-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-56 32023483-6 2020 SFMBT1 hydroxylation on Proline residue 651 by EglN1 mediated its ubiquitination and degradation governed by pVHL. Proline 24-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 31939292-5 2020 We employed a combined multiscale approach involving classical atomistic equilibrium and non-equilibrium MD simulations combined with QM/MM trajectories to investigate dioxygen diffusion to, and binding at, the active site in the PHD2.Fe(II).2OG.HIF substrate complex; PHD2 is the most important of the three human PHDs. Iron 235-241 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 31939292-6 2020 The transport of dioxygen to the active site is described; dioxygen transport follows a single well-defined hydrophobic tunnel, formed from both enzyme and substrate elements to reach the PHD2 active site. Oxygen 17-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 31939292-6 2020 The transport of dioxygen to the active site is described; dioxygen transport follows a single well-defined hydrophobic tunnel, formed from both enzyme and substrate elements to reach the PHD2 active site. Oxygen 59-67 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 31939292-7 2020 The results provide estimates for rate constants that define a diffusion-reaction model for dioxygen:PHD2 interactions; in combination with reported biophysical analyses they provide chemical insight into the basis of the slow reaction of PHD2 with dioxygen. Oxygen 92-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 31939292-7 2020 The results provide estimates for rate constants that define a diffusion-reaction model for dioxygen:PHD2 interactions; in combination with reported biophysical analyses they provide chemical insight into the basis of the slow reaction of PHD2 with dioxygen. Oxygen 92-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 239-243 31939292-7 2020 The results provide estimates for rate constants that define a diffusion-reaction model for dioxygen:PHD2 interactions; in combination with reported biophysical analyses they provide chemical insight into the basis of the slow reaction of PHD2 with dioxygen. Oxygen 249-257 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 31939292-7 2020 The results provide estimates for rate constants that define a diffusion-reaction model for dioxygen:PHD2 interactions; in combination with reported biophysical analyses they provide chemical insight into the basis of the slow reaction of PHD2 with dioxygen. Oxygen 249-257 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 239-243 31939292-9 2020 The extent of HIF-alpha substrate prolyl hydroxylation, which signals for subsequent HIF-alpha degradation is thus a manifestation of the equilibrium between dioxygen in bulk solution and dioxygen bound to the PHD2.Fe.2OG.HIF-alpha substrate complex. Peptide oostatic hormone 34-40 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 210-214 31939292-9 2020 The extent of HIF-alpha substrate prolyl hydroxylation, which signals for subsequent HIF-alpha degradation is thus a manifestation of the equilibrium between dioxygen in bulk solution and dioxygen bound to the PHD2.Fe.2OG.HIF-alpha substrate complex. Oxygen 188-196 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 210-214 31285371-0 2019 ERK Regulates HIF1alpha-Mediated Platinum Resistance by Directly Targeting PHD2 in Ovarian Cancer. Platinum 33-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 31618435-2 2020 Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) are molecular oxygen sensors that control adaptive gene expression through hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Oxygen 114-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 31998438-10 2020 The above results indicated that direct peritoneal resuscitation with pyruvate showed effective protection to ischemia-reperfusion of the spinal cord through activating autophagy via acting on PHD2 and its downstream HIF-1alpha/BNIP3 pathway. Pyruvic Acid 70-78 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 31763849-1 2020 Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) is a key regulatory enzyme that plays a fundamental role in the cellular hypoxia response pathway, mediating proline hydroxylation-dependent protein degradation of selected target proteins. isoleucyl-prolyl-proline 169-176 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-46 31763849-1 2020 Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) is a key regulatory enzyme that plays a fundamental role in the cellular hypoxia response pathway, mediating proline hydroxylation-dependent protein degradation of selected target proteins. isoleucyl-prolyl-proline 169-176 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 31763849-1 2020 Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-Containing Protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) is a key regulatory enzyme that plays a fundamental role in the cellular hypoxia response pathway, mediating proline hydroxylation-dependent protein degradation of selected target proteins. isoleucyl-prolyl-proline 169-176 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-58 31853455-3 2019 PHD2 hydroxylates and downregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2alpha), a transcription factor that regulates erythropoiesis. hydroxylates 5-17 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31853455-9 2019 We also present results that indicate that PHD2 Arg-32 interacts with p23 Glu-160. arginylarginine 48-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 31712437-4 2019 The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2 sensor that controls levels of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-alpha (HIF-alpha), which regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Superoxides 39-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 31712437-4 2019 The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2 sensor that controls levels of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-alpha (HIF-alpha), which regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Superoxides 39-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 31712437-10 2019 These findings contextualize previous reports of natural selection at EGLN1 in Andeans, and support the hypothesis that natural selection has increased the frequency of an EGLN1 causal variant that enhances O2 delivery or use during exercise at altitude in Peruvian Quechua. Superoxides 207-209 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 31285371-10 2019 Inhibition of TGFbeta1 by SB431542, ERK by selumetinib, or HIF1alpha by YC-1 efficiently overcame platinum resistance both in vitro and in vivo The results from clinical samples confirm activation of the ERK/PHD2/HIF1alpha axis in patients with PROC, correlating highly with poor prognoses for patients.Conclusions: HIF1alpha stabilization is regulated by TGFbeta1/ERK/PHD2 axis in PROC. Platinum 98-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 369-373 31285371-6 2019 Moreover, a novel TGFbeta1/ERK/PHD2-mediated pathway regulating HIF1alpha stability in PROC was discovered.Results: YC-1 and selumetinib resensitized PROC cells to cisplatin. AZD 6244 125-136 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 31285371-6 2019 Moreover, a novel TGFbeta1/ERK/PHD2-mediated pathway regulating HIF1alpha stability in PROC was discovered.Results: YC-1 and selumetinib resensitized PROC cells to cisplatin. Cisplatin 164-173 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 31285371-9 2019 Significantly, ERK/PHD2 signaling in PROC cells is dependent on TGFbeta1, promoting platinum resistance by stabilizing HIF1alpha. Platinum 84-92 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 31285371-10 2019 Inhibition of TGFbeta1 by SB431542, ERK by selumetinib, or HIF1alpha by YC-1 efficiently overcame platinum resistance both in vitro and in vivo The results from clinical samples confirm activation of the ERK/PHD2/HIF1alpha axis in patients with PROC, correlating highly with poor prognoses for patients.Conclusions: HIF1alpha stabilization is regulated by TGFbeta1/ERK/PHD2 axis in PROC. Platinum 98-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 208-212 30817904-3 2019 Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), one member of PHDs family, regulates the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in response to oxygen availability. Oxygen 150-156 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 31239290-0 2019 Targeted and Interactome Proteomics Revealed the Role of PHD2 in Regulating BRD4 Proline Hydroxylation. Proline 81-88 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 31239290-6 2019 Our findings revealed that PHD2 is the key regulatory enzyme of BRD4 proline hydroxylation and the modification significantly affects BRD4 interactions with key transcription factors as well as BRD4-mediated transcriptional activation. Proline 69-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 31413262-2 2019 Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) dominantly hydroxylates two highly conserved proline residues of HIF-1alpha to promote its degradation. Proline 73-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 31413262-2 2019 Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) dominantly hydroxylates two highly conserved proline residues of HIF-1alpha to promote its degradation. Proline 73-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 30849228-7 2019 Increased neutrophil apoptosis in hypoxia, also observed with IL-13, required active STAT signaling, and was dependent on expression of the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD2. Oxygen 140-146 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 30898838-4 2019 EGLN1-dependent cells exhibited sensitivity to the pan-EGLN inhibitor FG-4592. roxadustat 70-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 30719713-1 2019 EGLN1 encodes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) that serves as an oxygen-sensitive regulator of HIF activity. Oxygen 103-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 30719713-1 2019 EGLN1 encodes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) that serves as an oxygen-sensitive regulator of HIF activity. Oxygen 103-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-77 30719713-1 2019 EGLN1 encodes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) that serves as an oxygen-sensitive regulator of HIF activity. Oxygen 103-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 30817904-3 2019 Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), one member of PHDs family, regulates the stability of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) in response to oxygen availability. Oxygen 150-156 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 30817904-4 2019 During hypoxia, the inhibition of PHD2 permits the accumulation of HIF-1alpha, allowing the cellular adaptation to oxygen limitation, causing activation of numerous genes, which enhances the angiogenesis, metastasis and invasiveness. Oxygen 115-121 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 30817904-5 2019 Accurate regulation of oxygen homeostasis is essential, and which implies PHD2 may have a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of cancer. Oxygen 23-29 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 30817904-7 2019 Despite their original role as the oxygen sensors of the cell and many of the its functions are clearly conveyed through the HIF system, PHD2 is currently known to display HIF-independent and hydroxylase-independent functions in cancer cells and stroma in the control of different cellular pathways. Oxygen 35-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 30575721-1 2018 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is a well-known master oxygen sensor. Oxygen 66-72 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 30452037-2 2019 Reversible active site binding of electrophile bearing compounds enables susbsequent covalent reaction with a lysine residue (K408) in the flexible C-terminal region of PHD2 to give a modified protein that retains catalytic activity. Lysine 110-116 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 30452037-2 2019 Reversible active site binding of electrophile bearing compounds enables susbsequent covalent reaction with a lysine residue (K408) in the flexible C-terminal region of PHD2 to give a modified protein that retains catalytic activity. DIMETHYLCARBAMOYL CHLORIDE 126-130 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 30339780-0 2019 A redox ruthenium compound directly targets PHD2 and inhibits the HIF1 pathway to reduce tumor angiogenesis independently of p53. Ruthenium Compounds 8-26 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 30339780-7 2019 The rapid downregulation of HIF1A protein levels involved a direct interaction of the ruthenium compound with the redox enzyme PHD2, a HIF1A master regulator. Ruthenium 86-95 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 30575721-1 2018 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is a well-known master oxygen sensor. Oxygen 66-72 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 30179610-4 2018 TP0463518 competitively inhibited human PHD2 with a Ki value of 5.3 nM. TP0463518 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 30575913-7 2018 The methylation status of two CpG sites (cg07040244 and cg21875980) in PHD2 was at least moderately and negatively correlated with PHD2 expression. cg07040244 41-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 30575913-7 2018 The methylation status of two CpG sites (cg07040244 and cg21875980) in PHD2 was at least moderately and negatively correlated with PHD2 expression. cg07040244 41-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 30575913-10 2018 Cg07040244 and cg21875980 might be two CpG sites modulating PHD2 expression in LUAD. cg21875980 15-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 30179610-5 2018 TP0463518 also inhibited human PHD1/3 with IC50 values of 18 and 63 nM as well as monkey PHD2 with an IC50 value of 22 nM. TP0463518 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 29599405-4 2018 Depletion of TKT or addition of alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) enhanced the levels of tumor suppressors succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase (FH), decreasing oncometabolites succinate and fumarate, and further stabilizing HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) and decreasing HIF1alpha, ultimately suppressing breast cancer metastasis. Ketoglutaric Acids 32-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 235-255 29930174-4 2018 LIMD1 complexes with PHD2 and VHL in physiological oxygen levels (normoxia) to facilitate proteasomal degradation of the HIF-alpha subunit. Oxygen 51-57 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 29772209-5 2018 Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a negative regulator of HIF-1alpha and causes degradation of HIF-1alpha in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen 122-128 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 29772209-5 2018 Prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a negative regulator of HIF-1alpha and causes degradation of HIF-1alpha in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen 122-128 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 30255776-5 2018 In addition, fenofibrate therapy modified the methylation levels on the following 4 CpG sites: cg20015535 (gene EGLN1, chromosome 1); cg24870738 (gene RNF220, chromosome 1); cg06891775 (gene LOC283050, chromosome 10); and cg00607630 (gene USP7, chromosome 16). Fenofibrate 13-24 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 29967369-7 2018 Thus, oxygen sensing by PHD2 in osteocytes negatively regulates bone mass through epigenetic regulation of sclerostin and targeting PHD2 elicits an osteo-anabolic response in osteoporotic models. Oxygen 6-12 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 29967369-7 2018 Thus, oxygen sensing by PHD2 in osteocytes negatively regulates bone mass through epigenetic regulation of sclerostin and targeting PHD2 elicits an osteo-anabolic response in osteoporotic models. Oxygen 6-12 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 29917232-7 2018 Taken together, these findings demonstrate a key role for the PHD2-HIF-2alpha couple in Type I cells with respect to the oxygen sensing functions of the carotid body. Oxygen 121-127 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 29917232-16 2018 These findings implicate specific components of the HIF hydroxylase pathway (PHD2 and HIF-2alpha) within Type I cells of the carotid body with respect to the oxygen sensing and adaptive functions of that organ. Oxygen 158-164 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 29599405-4 2018 Depletion of TKT or addition of alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) enhanced the levels of tumor suppressors succinate dehydrogenase and fumarate hydratase (FH), decreasing oncometabolites succinate and fumarate, and further stabilizing HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) and decreasing HIF1alpha, ultimately suppressing breast cancer metastasis. Ketoglutaric Acids 32-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 257-261 28816009-6 2018 Proliferation of HLF-1 was reduced after atazanavir treatment, meanwhile the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD-2), HMGB1, TLR-9, p-NF-kappaB, collagen I and collagen III was decreased. Atazanavir Sulfate 41-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 137-172 29355756-0 2018 GLA supplementation regulates PHD2 mediated hypoxia and mitochondrial apoptosis in DMBA induced mammary gland carcinoma. gamma-Linolenic Acid 0-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 29530922-5 2018 Physiologically, the hypoxia response is tempered through HIF-1alpha hydroxylation by the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase-domain protein 2 (PHD2) and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Oxygen 90-96 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-140 29530922-5 2018 Physiologically, the hypoxia response is tempered through HIF-1alpha hydroxylation by the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase-domain protein 2 (PHD2) and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. Oxygen 90-96 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 29741264-6 2018 Secondary CE can also result from defects in the components of the oxygen-sensing pathway (PHD2, HIF2alpha and VHL). Oxygen 67-73 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 29625625-0 2018 Association of EGLN1 genetic polymorphisms with SpO2 responses to acute hypobaric hypoxia in a Japanese cohort. spo2 48-52 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 29471019-5 2018 We discovered an increased interaction between PHD2 and the p23:Hsp90 chaperone complex in response to mitochondrial stress elicited by the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) within cultured DAergic cells. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium 165-190 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 29471019-5 2018 We discovered an increased interaction between PHD2 and the p23:Hsp90 chaperone complex in response to mitochondrial stress elicited by the mitochondrial neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+) within cultured DAergic cells. mangion-purified polysaccharide (Candida albicans) 192-196 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 28816009-6 2018 Proliferation of HLF-1 was reduced after atazanavir treatment, meanwhile the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD-2), HMGB1, TLR-9, p-NF-kappaB, collagen I and collagen III was decreased. Atazanavir Sulfate 41-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-179 29962348-6 2018 ROS inhibit the enzyme PHD2, which leads to the stabilization of HIF-alpha and the formation of the active transcription factor HIF. Reactive Oxygen Species 0-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 29158549-9 2017 Overexpression of prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) transgene, a predominant isoform of PHDs in renal tubules, to reduce HIF-1alpha level significantly attenuated albumin-induced increases in TIMP-1 and collagen-I levels. Thromboxane B2 82-86 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 28699703-14 2017 The mechanism may function through miR-210-mediated repression of RUNX3, which further decreases the hydroxylation activity of PHD2, enhances the stability of HIF-1alpha, and promotes PQ-induced EMT, aggravating the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Paraquat 184-186 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 30411685-5 2018 In normoxia condition HIF is inactivated by prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (EGLN 1-3, also known as PHD 1-3) using oxygen as a substrate. Oxygen 111-117 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 72-80 29295567-4 2017 The inhibitory effect of minoxidil on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) was tested by an in vitro von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) binding assay. Minoxidil 25-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-89 29295567-4 2017 The inhibitory effect of minoxidil on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD-2) was tested by an in vitro von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) binding assay. Minoxidil 25-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 29295567-9 2017 In an in vitro VHL binding assay, minoxidil directly inhibited PHD-2, thus preventing the hydroxylation of cellular HIF-1alpha and VHL-dependent proteasome degradation and resulting in the stabilization of HIF-1alpha protein. Minoxidil 34-43 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 29295567-10 2017 Minoxidil inhibition of PHD-2 was reversed by ascorbate, a cofactor of PHD-2, and the minoxidil induction of cellular HIF-1alpha was abrogated by the cofactor. Minoxidil 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 29295567-10 2017 Minoxidil inhibition of PHD-2 was reversed by ascorbate, a cofactor of PHD-2, and the minoxidil induction of cellular HIF-1alpha was abrogated by the cofactor. Minoxidil 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 29295567-10 2017 Minoxidil inhibition of PHD-2 was reversed by ascorbate, a cofactor of PHD-2, and the minoxidil induction of cellular HIF-1alpha was abrogated by the cofactor. Ascorbic Acid 46-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 29295567-10 2017 Minoxidil inhibition of PHD-2 was reversed by ascorbate, a cofactor of PHD-2, and the minoxidil induction of cellular HIF-1alpha was abrogated by the cofactor. Ascorbic Acid 46-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 29158549-9 2017 Overexpression of prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) transgene, a predominant isoform of PHDs in renal tubules, to reduce HIF-1alpha level significantly attenuated albumin-induced increases in TIMP-1 and collagen-I levels. Thromboxane B2 82-86 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 28805660-6 2017 Together, these data identify Phd2 as the dominant HIF-hydroxylase in neutrophils under normoxic conditions and link intrinsic regulation of glycolysis and glycogen stores to the resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. Glycogen 156-164 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 29163216-8 2017 By contrast, a lower concentration of oxaliplatin (100 muM) did not increase the intracellular Ca2+ concentration but did confer cold sensitivity on hTRPA1-expressing cells, and this was inhibited by PHD2 co-overexpression. Oxaliplatin 38-49 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 28883660-9 2017 Arg starvation induces p300 dissociation, allowing histone HDAC2 and cofactor Sin3A to deacetylate these histones at the ASS1 promoter, thereby facilitating HIF-1alpha-proteasomal complex, driven by PHD2, to degrade HIF-1alpha in situ. Arginine 0-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 28883660-10 2017 Arg starvation induces PHD2 and HDAC2 interaction which is sensitive to antioxidants. Arginine 0-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 28625716-3 2017 Hypoxia inducible transcription factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (HIF-PHD2), as the key regulator of hypoxia response, is function of hydroxylating specify proline residues of HIF-alpha, which may lead to the degradation of HIF-alpha and eventually cause disenabling the expression of erythropoietin. Proline 151-158 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 27297870-12 2017 Taken together, these results suggest that andrographolide suppresses hypoxia-induced pro-inflammatory ET-1 expression by activating Nrf2/HO-1, inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling, and promoting PHD2/3 expression. andrographolide 43-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 28329677-3 2017 Here, we show that, in turn, PHD2 triggers degradation of B55alpha by hydroxylating it at proline 319. Proline 90-97 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 28329677-6 2017 Treatment of MDA-MB231-derived xenografts with the glucose competitor 2-deoxy-glucose leads to tumor regression in the presence of PHD2. Glucose 51-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 28329677-6 2017 Treatment of MDA-MB231-derived xenografts with the glucose competitor 2-deoxy-glucose leads to tumor regression in the presence of PHD2. Deoxyglucose 70-85 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 27297870-10 2017 Moreover, andrographolide increased the expression of prolyl hydroxylases (PHD) 2/3, which hydroxylate HIF-1alpha and promotes HIF-1alpha proteasome degradation, with an increase in HIF-1alpha hydroxylation was noted under hypoxia. andrographolide 10-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-83 28051298-2 2017 These enzymes require molecular oxygen for catalytic activity and, as 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases, are related to the cellular oxygen sensing HIF hydroxylases PHD2 and FIH. Oxygen 32-38 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 173-177 28051298-2 2017 These enzymes require molecular oxygen for catalytic activity and, as 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases, are related to the cellular oxygen sensing HIF hydroxylases PHD2 and FIH. Oxygen 101-107 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 173-177 28038470-3 2017 Since the oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is considered to be the main HIF-1alpha regulator, we hypothesized that PHD2 and EGFR may be interconnected at the molecular level. Oxygen 10-16 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 149-153 28199842-1 2017 Oxygen-dependent HIF1alpha hydroxylation and degradation are strictly controlled by PHD2. Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 28199842-3 2017 Here, we show that PHD2 is phosphorylated on serine 125 (S125) by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) downstream kinase P70S6K and that this phosphorylation increases its ability to degrade HIF1alpha. Serine 45-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 28038470-3 2017 Since the oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is considered to be the main HIF-1alpha regulator, we hypothesized that PHD2 and EGFR may be interconnected at the molecular level. Oxygen 10-16 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-69 28038470-6 2017 Overall, we introduce for the first time the direct crosstalk between the oxygen sensor PHD2 and EGFR-mediated tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Oxygen 74-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 28038470-3 2017 Since the oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is considered to be the main HIF-1alpha regulator, we hypothesized that PHD2 and EGFR may be interconnected at the molecular level. Oxygen 10-16 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 27902963-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha (HIF2alpha), prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2), and the von Hippel Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) are three principal proteins in the oxygen-sensing pathway. Oxygen 196-202 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-93 27902963-2 2017 Under normoxic conditions, a conserved proline in HIF2alpha is hydroxylated by PHD2 in an oxygen-dependent manner, and then pVHL binds and promotes the degradation of HIF2alpha. Proline 39-46 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 27902963-2 2017 Under normoxic conditions, a conserved proline in HIF2alpha is hydroxylated by PHD2 in an oxygen-dependent manner, and then pVHL binds and promotes the degradation of HIF2alpha. Oxygen 90-96 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 28163901-4 2016 Recently, innovative experimental observations have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be largely mediated through hypoxic inhibition of the oxygen-sensing enzyme PHD2, leading to enhanced levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and subsequent increases in circulating kynurenic acid (KYNA). Oxygen 165-171 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 28163901-4 2016 Recently, innovative experimental observations have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be largely mediated through hypoxic inhibition of the oxygen-sensing enzyme PHD2, leading to enhanced levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and subsequent increases in circulating kynurenic acid (KYNA). Ketoglutaric Acids 223-242 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 28163901-4 2016 Recently, innovative experimental observations have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be largely mediated through hypoxic inhibition of the oxygen-sensing enzyme PHD2, leading to enhanced levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and subsequent increases in circulating kynurenic acid (KYNA). Kynurenic Acid 299-303 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 28163901-4 2016 Recently, innovative experimental observations have suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) may be largely mediated through hypoxic inhibition of the oxygen-sensing enzyme PHD2, leading to enhanced levels of alpha-ketoglutarate and subsequent increases in circulating kynurenic acid (KYNA). Kynurenic Acid 283-297 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 27393459-0 2016 beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha, beta- diaminopropionic acid induces HRE expression by inhibiting HIF-prolyl hydroxylase-2 in normoxic conditions. beta-n-oxalyl-l-alpha, beta- diaminopropionic acid 0-50 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 88-112 27393459-6 2016 In silico approach was used to understand the mechanism of stabilization of HIF-1alpha which revealed beta-ODAP interacts with key amino acid residues and Fe2+ at the catalytic site of PHD-2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 155-159 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 185-190 26951539-5 2016 Phd-2 is a group of enzymes that acts as an oxygen sensor. Oxygen 44-50 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 27598034-8 2016 Alternatively, 15d-PGJ2 was found to covalently bind to HIF-1alpha prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in MCF-7 cells, which hampers the proline hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha, thereby disrupting ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of this transcription factor. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 15-23 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 27598034-8 2016 Alternatively, 15d-PGJ2 was found to covalently bind to HIF-1alpha prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in MCF-7 cells, which hampers the proline hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha, thereby disrupting ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of this transcription factor. Proline 131-138 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 27598034-10 2016 Molecular docking analysis suggests that 15d-PGJ2 preferentially binds to PHD2 in the vicinity of the Cys201 residue based on binding energies and carbon-sulfur distances. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 41-49 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 27598034-10 2016 Molecular docking analysis suggests that 15d-PGJ2 preferentially binds to PHD2 in the vicinity of the Cys201 residue based on binding energies and carbon-sulfur distances. Carbon 147-153 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 27598034-10 2016 Molecular docking analysis suggests that 15d-PGJ2 preferentially binds to PHD2 in the vicinity of the Cys201 residue based on binding energies and carbon-sulfur distances. Sulfur 154-160 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 27325674-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) (also known as EGLN1) is a key oxygen sensor in mammals that posttranslationally modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) and targets it for degradation. Oxygen 74-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 27325674-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) (also known as EGLN1) is a key oxygen sensor in mammals that posttranslationally modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) and targets it for degradation. Oxygen 74-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 27325674-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) (also known as EGLN1) is a key oxygen sensor in mammals that posttranslationally modifies hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) and targets it for degradation. Oxygen 74-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 27563096-4 2016 We found that Akt was prolyl-hydroxylated by the oxygen-dependent hydroxylase EglN1. Oxygen 49-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 26676934-0 2016 Tetramethylpyrazine protects CoCl2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PHD2/HIF/1alpha-VEGF pathway. tetramethylpyrazine 0-19 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 26972007-0 2016 The Oxygen Sensor PHD2 Controls Dendritic Spines and Synapses via Modification of Filamin A. Oxygen 4-10 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 26972007-4 2016 In normoxia, PHD2 hydroxylates the proline residues P2309 and P2316 in FLNA, leading to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Proline 35-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 27019453-11 2016 We also observe a significant enr ichment of the highly connected hub genes which could explain differences in prakriti, focussing on EGLN1, a key oxygen sensor that differs between prakriti types and is linked to high altitude adaptation. Oxygen 147-153 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 134-139 27368101-0 2016 Paracrine Induction of HIF by Glutamate in Breast Cancer: EglN1 Senses Cysteine. Glutamic Acid 30-39 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 27368101-0 2016 Paracrine Induction of HIF by Glutamate in Breast Cancer: EglN1 Senses Cysteine. Cysteine 71-79 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 27368101-6 2016 Therefore, EglN1 senses both oxygen and cysteine. Oxygen 29-35 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 27368101-6 2016 Therefore, EglN1 senses both oxygen and cysteine. Cysteine 40-48 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 26765925-3 2016 TSA-mediated HIF-1alpha degradation was rescued by concomitant inhibition of not only the 26S proteasome but also PHD2 function. trichostatin A 0-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 26082309-0 2016 Impairment of hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha signaling in keratinocytes and fibroblasts by sulfur mustard is counteracted by a selective PHD-2 inhibitor. Mustard Gas 87-101 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 26082309-6 2016 Addition of a selective inhibitor of the oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD-2), IOX2, fully recovered HIF-1alpha stability, nuclear translocation, and target gene expression in NHEK and NHDF. Oxygen 41-47 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-104 26082309-6 2016 Addition of a selective inhibitor of the oxygen-sensitive prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2 (PHD-2), IOX2, fully recovered HIF-1alpha stability, nuclear translocation, and target gene expression in NHEK and NHDF. Oxygen 41-47 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 26863487-7 2016 Pharmacological inhibition of PHD2 recapitulated the adaptations in glutamine and glycogen metabolism and, consequently, the beneficial effects on cell survival. Glutamine 68-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 26863487-7 2016 Pharmacological inhibition of PHD2 recapitulated the adaptations in glutamine and glycogen metabolism and, consequently, the beneficial effects on cell survival. Glycogen 82-90 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 26676934-0 2016 Tetramethylpyrazine protects CoCl2-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the PHD2/HIF/1alpha-VEGF pathway. cobaltous chloride 29-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 26676934-4 2016 Following pre-incubation with CoCl2 (150 microM/ml) for 4 h, the HUVECs were treated with TMP at different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 microM/ml) for 8 h. TMP upregulated the expression of prolyl hydroxylase (PHD)2, reduced the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and reduced the expression of HIF-1alpha only at the protein level, not at the mRNA level in HUVECs, in a concentration-dependent manner. tetramethylpyrazine 159-162 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 193-218 26676934-5 2016 Furthermore, silencing of the PHD2 gene with small interfering (si)RNAs abolished the reduction in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and VEGF by TMP. tetramethylpyrazine 167-170 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 26676934-8 2016 The present study demonstrated that the antiapoptotic effect of TMP in CoCl2-induced HUVECs was, at least in part, via the regulation of the PHD2/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. tetramethylpyrazine 64-67 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 26676934-8 2016 The present study demonstrated that the antiapoptotic effect of TMP in CoCl2-induced HUVECs was, at least in part, via the regulation of the PHD2/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. cobaltous chloride 71-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 26610437-3 2015 In this review, we first describe the structure of PHD2 as a molecular basis for structure-based drug design (SBDD) and various experimental methods developed for measuring PHD activity. sbdd 110-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 26754054-1 2016 Idiopathic erythrocytosis is a rare disease characterized by an increase in red blood cell mass due to mutations in proteins of the oxygen-sensing pathway, such as prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Oxygen 132-138 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 164-184 26754054-1 2016 Idiopathic erythrocytosis is a rare disease characterized by an increase in red blood cell mass due to mutations in proteins of the oxygen-sensing pathway, such as prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Oxygen 132-138 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 26740011-7 2016 Moreover, oncogenic H-ras(V12) does not trigger aerobic glycolysis in antioxidant-treated or PHD2 knocked-down cells, suggesting the participation of the ROS-mediated PHD2 inactivation in the oncogenic H-ras(V12)-mediated metabolic reprogramming. ros 154-157 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 26740011-8 2016 We provide here a better understanding of the mechanism by which disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 dimerization and inactivation result in the activation of HIF-1alpha and aerobic glycolysis in response to oxidative stress. Disulfides 65-74 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 26818499-0 2016 Regulation of ATP13A2 via PHD2-HIF1alpha Signaling Is Critical for Cellular Iron Homeostasis: Implications for Parkinson"s Disease. Iron 76-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 26818499-8 2016 These data suggest that regulation of ATP13A2 by the PHD2-HIF1alpha signaling pathway affects cellular iron homeostasis and DAergic neuronal survival. Iron 103-107 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 26740011-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) hydroxylation and degradation. Ketoglutaric Acids 97-111 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 26740011-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) hydroxylation and degradation. Ketoglutaric Acids 97-111 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 26740011-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) hydroxylation and degradation. Oxygen 135-141 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 26740011-1 2016 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) hydroxylation and degradation. Oxygen 135-141 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 26740011-3 2016 Here, we identified disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 homo-dimer formation in response to oxidative stress caused by oxidizing agents and oncogenic H-ras(V12) signalling. Disulfides 20-29 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 26740011-5 2016 Furthermore, we demonstrated that disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 dimerization is associated with the stabilization and activation of HIF-1alpha under oxidative stress. Disulfides 34-43 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 26498856-0 2015 The PHD2 oxygen sensor paves the way to metastasis. Oxygen 9-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 26713111-1 2015 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) enzyme, a Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent oxygenase, mediates key physiological responses to hypoxia by modulating the levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1alpha). ammonium ferrous sulfate 45-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 26713111-1 2015 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) enzyme, a Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent oxygenase, mediates key physiological responses to hypoxia by modulating the levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1alpha). ammonium ferrous sulfate 45-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 26713111-1 2015 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) enzyme, a Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent oxygenase, mediates key physiological responses to hypoxia by modulating the levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1alpha). Ketoglutaric Acids 56-70 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 26713111-1 2015 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) enzyme, a Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent oxygenase, mediates key physiological responses to hypoxia by modulating the levels of hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1alpha). Ketoglutaric Acids 56-70 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 26713111-4 2015 Here we report an affinity-based fluorescence polarization method using FITC-labeled HIF1alpha (556-574) peptide as a probe for quantitative and site-specific screening of small molecule PHD2 inhibitors. Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate 72-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 26112411-5 2015 PHD2, the most important human PHD isoform, is proposed to be biochemically/kinetically suited as a hypoxia sensor due to its relatively high sensitivity to changes in O2 concentration and slow reaction with O2. Oxygen 168-170 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 26324945-4 2015 Consistent with this hypothesis, blood lactate levels measured after a treadmill or lactate tolerance test were significantly lower in Phd2-liver-specific knockout (Phd2-LKO) mice than in control mice. Lactic Acid 39-46 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 26324945-4 2015 Consistent with this hypothesis, blood lactate levels measured after a treadmill or lactate tolerance test were significantly lower in Phd2-liver-specific knockout (Phd2-LKO) mice than in control mice. Lactic Acid 84-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 26235614-0 2015 The Cancer Cell Oxygen Sensor PHD2 Promotes Metastasis via Activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Oxygen 16-22 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 26235614-1 2015 Several questions about the role of the oxygen sensor prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in cancer have not been addressed. Oxygen 40-46 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-74 26235614-1 2015 Several questions about the role of the oxygen sensor prolyl-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in cancer have not been addressed. Oxygen 40-46 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 26112411-5 2015 PHD2, the most important human PHD isoform, is proposed to be biochemically/kinetically suited as a hypoxia sensor due to its relatively high sensitivity to changes in O2 concentration and slow reaction with O2. Oxygen 208-210 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 26112411-6 2015 To ascertain whether these parameters are conserved among the HIF hydroxylases, we compared the reactions of FIH and PHD2 with O2. Oxygen 127-129 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 25936780-3 2015 Oxygen negatively regulates NDRG3 expression at the protein level via the PHD2/VHL system, whereas lactate, produced in excess under prolonged hypoxia, blocks its proteasomal degradation by binding to NDRG3. Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 26051901-1 2015 We report herein that Zn(II) selectively inhibits the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 over PHD2, and does not compete with Fe(II). Zinc 22-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 25797536-4 2015 Esculetin directly inhibited HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2 (HPH-2), an enzyme playing a major role in negatively regulating HIF-1alpha protein stability. esculetin 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-53 25797536-4 2015 Esculetin directly inhibited HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2 (HPH-2), an enzyme playing a major role in negatively regulating HIF-1alpha protein stability. esculetin 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 25809665-5 2015 In the presence of O2, the alpha subunits are hydroxylated by specific prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) and an asparaginyl hydroxylase (factor inhibiting HIF-1, FIH-1). Oxygen 19-21 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 25732824-6 2015 Downregulation of IDH3alpha decreases the effective level of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) by reducing the ratio of alpha-KG to fumarate and succinate, resulting in PHD2 inhibition and HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. Ketoglutaric Acids 61-80 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 25857330-0 2015 Increased Turnover at Limiting O2 Concentrations by the Thr(387) Ala Variant of HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase PHD2. Oxygen 31-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 25857330-0 2015 Increased Turnover at Limiting O2 Concentrations by the Thr(387) Ala Variant of HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase PHD2. Threonine 56-59 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 25857330-0 2015 Increased Turnover at Limiting O2 Concentrations by the Thr(387) Ala Variant of HIF-Prolyl Hydroxylase PHD2. Alanine 67-70 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 25857330-1 2015 PHD2 is a 2-oxoglutarate, non-heme Fe(2+)-dependent oxygenase that senses O2 levels in human cells by hydroxylating two prolyl residues in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF1alpha. Ketoglutaric Acids 10-24 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25857330-1 2015 PHD2 is a 2-oxoglutarate, non-heme Fe(2+)-dependent oxygenase that senses O2 levels in human cells by hydroxylating two prolyl residues in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF1alpha. Oxygen 74-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25857330-1 2015 PHD2 is a 2-oxoglutarate, non-heme Fe(2+)-dependent oxygenase that senses O2 levels in human cells by hydroxylating two prolyl residues in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF1alpha. Peptide oostatic hormone 120-126 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25857330-1 2015 PHD2 is a 2-oxoglutarate, non-heme Fe(2+)-dependent oxygenase that senses O2 levels in human cells by hydroxylating two prolyl residues in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD) of HIF1alpha. Oxygen 52-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25857330-4 2015 Here we tested the impact of the side chain of Thr(387) on the reactivity of PHD2 toward O2 through a combination of point mutagenesis, steady state kinetic experiments and {FeNO}(7) EPR spectroscopy. Threonine 47-50 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 25857330-4 2015 Here we tested the impact of the side chain of Thr(387) on the reactivity of PHD2 toward O2 through a combination of point mutagenesis, steady state kinetic experiments and {FeNO}(7) EPR spectroscopy. Oxygen 89-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 25857330-6 2015 X-Band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the {FeNO}(7) centers of the (Fe+NO+2OG) enzyme forms showed the presence of a more rhombic line shape in Thr(387) Ala than in WT PHD2, indicating an altered conformation for bound gas in this variant. Iron 60-62 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 25857330-6 2015 X-Band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the {FeNO}(7) centers of the (Fe+NO+2OG) enzyme forms showed the presence of a more rhombic line shape in Thr(387) Ala than in WT PHD2, indicating an altered conformation for bound gas in this variant. Threonine 161-164 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 25857330-6 2015 X-Band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the {FeNO}(7) centers of the (Fe+NO+2OG) enzyme forms showed the presence of a more rhombic line shape in Thr(387) Ala than in WT PHD2, indicating an altered conformation for bound gas in this variant. Alanine 172-175 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 25857330-7 2015 Here we show that the side chain of residue Thr(387) plays a significant role in determining the rate of turnover by PHD2 at low O2 concentrations. Threonine 44-47 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 25857330-7 2015 Here we show that the side chain of residue Thr(387) plays a significant role in determining the rate of turnover by PHD2 at low O2 concentrations. Oxygen 129-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 25732824-6 2015 Downregulation of IDH3alpha decreases the effective level of alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG) by reducing the ratio of alpha-KG to fumarate and succinate, resulting in PHD2 inhibition and HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. Ketoglutaric Acids 82-90 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 25773848-5 2015 Moreover, chloroquine stabilized the protein level of prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD-2) but reduced the levels of hypoxic responsive proteins such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Chloroquine 10-21 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 25483211-2 2015 Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with two catechols, a or inhibition of HPH. rosmarinic acid 0-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 25483211-2 2015 Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with two catechols, a or inhibition of HPH. rosmarinic acid 17-19 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 25483211-2 2015 Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with two catechols, a or inhibition of HPH. 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid 51-81 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 25483211-3 2015 To improve accessibility of highly hydrophilic RA to HPH, an intracellular target, RA was chemically modified to decrease hydrophilicity. rosmarinic acid 47-49 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 25483211-3 2015 To improve accessibility of highly hydrophilic RA to HPH, an intracellular target, RA was chemically modified to decrease hydrophilicity. rosmarinic acid 83-85 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 25483211-4 2015 Of the less-hydrophilic derivatives, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) most potently inhibited HPH. Rosmarinic Acid Methyl Ester 37-65 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 25483211-4 2015 Of the less-hydrophilic derivatives, rosmarinic acid methyl ester (RAME) most potently inhibited HPH. Copper 67-71 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 25483211-6 2015 RAME inhibition of HPH and induction of HIF-1alpha were diminished by elevated doses of the required factors of HPH, 2-ketoglutarate and ascorbate. Ketoglutaric Acids 117-132 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 25483211-6 2015 RAME inhibition of HPH and induction of HIF-1alpha were diminished by elevated doses of the required factors of HPH, 2-ketoglutarate and ascorbate. Ascorbic Acid 137-146 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 25483211-10 2015 Thus, lipophilic modification of RA improves its ability to inhibit HPH, leading to activation of the HIF-1-VEGF pathway. rosmarinic acid 33-35 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 26624507-4 2015 The best-known function of PHD2 is to mediate the oxygen-dependent degradation of the labile alpha-subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Oxygen 50-56 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 25431923-0 2014 Variants of the low oxygen sensors EGLN1 and HIF-1AN associated with acute mountain sickness. Oxygen 20-26 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 25431923-1 2014 Two low oxygen sensors, Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor (HIF-1AN), play pivotal roles in the regulation of HIF-1alpha, and high altitude adaption may be involved in the pathology of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Oxygen 8-14 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-42 25431923-1 2014 Two low oxygen sensors, Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha inhibitor (HIF-1AN), play pivotal roles in the regulation of HIF-1alpha, and high altitude adaption may be involved in the pathology of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Oxygen 8-14 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 25429216-5 2014 Herein, we developed a novel PHD2 silencing system based on arginine-terminated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (Arg-G4) nanoparticles. Arginine 60-68 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 25420025-0 2014 Intermediary metabolite precursor dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha by inhibiting prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD2. dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate 34-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 25420025-4 2014 Here, we show that dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate (DKG), a cell membrane-permeable precursor of a key metabolic intermediate, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), known for its ability to rescue glutamine deficiency, transiently stabilized HIF-1alpha by inhibiting activity of the HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein, PHD2. dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate 19-43 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 320-324 25420025-4 2014 Here, we show that dimethyl-2-ketoglutarate (DKG), a cell membrane-permeable precursor of a key metabolic intermediate, alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha-KG), known for its ability to rescue glutamine deficiency, transiently stabilized HIF-1alpha by inhibiting activity of the HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein, PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 120-139 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 320-324 25429216-5 2014 Herein, we developed a novel PHD2 silencing system based on arginine-terminated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (Arg-G4) nanoparticles. Poly(amidoamine) 93-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 25429216-5 2014 Herein, we developed a novel PHD2 silencing system based on arginine-terminated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (Arg-G4) nanoparticles. Arginine 111-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 25429216-5 2014 Herein, we developed a novel PHD2 silencing system based on arginine-terminated generation 4 poly(amidoamine) (Arg-G4) nanoparticles. g4 115-117 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 25429216-9 2014 This work demonstrated that an Arg-G4 nanovector-based PHD2 silencing system could enhance the efficiency of MSC transplantation for infarcted myocardium repair. Arginine 31-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 24201705-4 2014 Two of these loci, EGLN1 and EPAS1, encode major components of the hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional system, which has a central role in oxygen sensing and coordinating an organism"s response to hypoxia, as evidenced by studies in humans and mice. Oxygen 144-150 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 25120187-3 2014 Transient kinetic studies have shown that purified PHD2 reacts slowly with O2 compared with some other studied 2OG oxygenases, a property which may be related to its hypoxia-sensing role. Oxygen 75-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 33-39 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 33-39 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 104-110 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 104-110 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. Water 124-129 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. Water 124-129 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. Oxygen 171-173 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25120187-4 2014 PHD2 forms a stable complex with Fe(II) and 2OG; crystallographic and kinetic analyses indicate that an Fe(II)-co-ordinated water molecule, which must be displaced before O2 binding, is relatively stable in the active site of PHD2. Oxygen 171-173 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 25120187-5 2014 We used active site substitutions to investigate whether these properties are related to the slow reaction of PHD2 with O2. Oxygen 120-122 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 25129147-5 2014 The PHD2 p.[Asp4Glu; Cys127Ser] variant exhibits a lower K(m) value for oxygen, suggesting that it promotes increased HIF degradation under hypoxic conditions. Oxygen 72-78 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 27774468-11 2014 Some are close to the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor alpha/2-oxoglutarate or the iron binding sites for PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 67-81 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 27774468-11 2014 Some are close to the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor alpha/2-oxoglutarate or the iron binding sites for PHD2. Iron 89-93 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 24711448-0 2014 Defective Tibetan PHD2 binding to p23 links high altitude adaption to altered oxygen sensing. Oxygen 78-84 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 24711448-2 2014 Tibetans bear a genetic signature in the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) gene, which encodes for the central oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Oxygen 126-132 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 24711448-2 2014 Tibetans bear a genetic signature in the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2/EGLN1) gene, which encodes for the central oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Oxygen 126-132 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 24711448-4 2014 These amino acids reside in a region of PHD2 that harbors a zinc finger, which we have previously discovered binds to a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu (PXLE) motif in the HSP90 cochaperone p23, thereby recruiting PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway to facilitate HIF-alpha hydroxylation. pro-xaa-leu-glu 120-135 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 24711448-4 2014 These amino acids reside in a region of PHD2 that harbors a zinc finger, which we have previously discovered binds to a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu (PXLE) motif in the HSP90 cochaperone p23, thereby recruiting PHD2 to the HSP90 pathway to facilitate HIF-alpha hydroxylation. pro-xaa-leu-glu 120-135 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 24581673-6 2014 Moreover, PHD2 inhibitors may increase the endogenous circulating iron availability via suppression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis which further reduces the need for exogenous intravenous iron administration for effective erythropoiesis in renal anemia patients. Iron 66-70 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 24581673-6 2014 Moreover, PHD2 inhibitors may increase the endogenous circulating iron availability via suppression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis which further reduces the need for exogenous intravenous iron administration for effective erythropoiesis in renal anemia patients. Iron 135-139 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 24581673-6 2014 Moreover, PHD2 inhibitors may increase the endogenous circulating iron availability via suppression of hepcidin, a master regulator of iron homeostasis which further reduces the need for exogenous intravenous iron administration for effective erythropoiesis in renal anemia patients. Iron 135-139 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 25010988-4 2014 Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is known as an important mediator of the oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-alpha subunits. Oxygen 71-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 25010988-4 2014 Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is known as an important mediator of the oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-alpha subunits. Oxygen 71-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 24468676-4 2014 In contrast, chronic hypoxia evokes cellular responses that lead to transcriptional changes mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is directly controlled by post-translational hydroxylation of HIF by the non-heme Fe(II)/alphaKG-dependent enzymes FIH and PHD2. Heme 223-227 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 269-273 24468676-4 2014 In contrast, chronic hypoxia evokes cellular responses that lead to transcriptional changes mediated by the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is directly controlled by post-translational hydroxylation of HIF by the non-heme Fe(II)/alphaKG-dependent enzymes FIH and PHD2. ammonium ferrous sulfate 228-234 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 269-273 24468676-5 2014 Research on PHD2 and FIH is focused on developing inhibitors and understanding the links between HIF binding and the O2 reaction in these enzymes. Oxygen 117-119 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 23378141-7 2014 Specifically, EtOH treatment let to a reduction in ALDOC, ENO2 and CDH1 expression, whereas EtOH treatment induced the expression of PTCH1, EGLN1, VEGFA and DEC2 in treated EBs. Ethanol 92-96 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 23542169-7 2014 In addition, RUNX3 directly interacted with the C-terminal activation domain of HIF-1alpha and prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) 2 and enhanced the interaction between HIF-1alpha and PHD2, which potentiated proline hydroxylation and promoted the degradation of HIF-1alpha. Proline 198-205 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 23542169-9 2014 Taken together, these results suggest that RUNX3 destabilizes HIF-1alpha protein by promoting the proline hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha through binding to HIF-1alpha/PHD2. Proline 98-105 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 164-168 24761603-2 2014 PHD2 plays a critical role in cells and tissues adaptation to the low oxygen environment. Oxygen 70-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24761603-4 2014 Subsequently, PHD2 acts as an important factor in oxygen homeostasis. Oxygen 50-56 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 23836663-3 2013 HIF-1alpha stabilization is mediated by VACV protein C16 that binds the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl-hydroxylase domain containing protein (PHD)2 and thereby inhibits PHD2-dependent hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 78-84 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 24010824-0 2014 DMOG ameliorates IFN-gamma-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by suppressing PHD2-dependent HIF-1alpha degradation. dimethyloxallyl glycine 0-4 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Heme 43-47 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Iron 48-50 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Ketoglutaric Acids 52-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Peptide oostatic hormone 4-10 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 85-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 24042008-2 2013 Using a lead generation process, a series of [(4-Hydroxyl-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid derivatives was developed as potent PHD2 inhibitors. [(4-hydroxyl-benzo[4,5]thieno[3,2-c]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid 45-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 23787140-1 2013 HIF prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) is a non-heme Fe, 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent dioxygenase that regulates the hypoxia inducible transcription factor (HIF) by hydroxylating two conserved prolyl residues in N-terminal oxygen degradation domain (NODD) and C-terminal oxygen degradation domain (CODD) of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 220-226 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 23787140-3 2013 In this study we tested the substrate selectivity of PHD2 by kinetic competition assays, varied ionic strength, and global protein flexibility using amide H/D exchange (HDX). Amides 149-154 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 23466866-8 2013 Finally, Smad2/3 inhibitor SB431542 prevented TGF-beta1-induced PHD2 decrease, suggesting that Smad2/3 may mediate TGF-beta1-induced EMT through PHD2/HIF-1alpha pathway. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 27-35 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 23694817-3 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is a cellular oxygen sensor that regulates 2 key transcription factors involved in cell survival and inflammation: hypoxia-inducible factor and nuclear factor-kappaB. Oxygen 57-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 23694817-3 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is a cellular oxygen sensor that regulates 2 key transcription factors involved in cell survival and inflammation: hypoxia-inducible factor and nuclear factor-kappaB. Oxygen 57-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23466866-8 2013 Finally, Smad2/3 inhibitor SB431542 prevented TGF-beta1-induced PHD2 decrease, suggesting that Smad2/3 may mediate TGF-beta1-induced EMT through PHD2/HIF-1alpha pathway. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 27-35 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 23130672-0 2013 EGLN1 variants influence expression and SaO2 levels to associate with high-altitude pulmonary oedema and adaptation. sao2 40-44 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23413029-3 2013 In this report we show that the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) co-chaperones p23 and FKBP38 interact via a conserved Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif (where Xaa = any amino acid) in these proteins with the N-terminal Myeloid Nervy and DEAF-1 (MYND)-type zinc finger of PHD2. Glutamic Acid 128-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 257-261 23413029-0 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) binds a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif, linking it to the heat shock protein 90 pathway. pro-xaa-leu 51-62 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 23413029-0 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) binds a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif, linking it to the heat shock protein 90 pathway. pro-xaa-leu 51-62 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23413029-0 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) binds a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif, linking it to the heat shock protein 90 pathway. Glutamic Acid 63-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 23413029-0 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) binds a Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif, linking it to the heat shock protein 90 pathway. Glutamic Acid 63-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23413029-1 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2, also known as Egg Laying Defective Nine homolog 1) is a key oxygen-sensing protein in metazoans. Oxygen 103-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 23413029-1 2013 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2, also known as Egg Laying Defective Nine homolog 1) is a key oxygen-sensing protein in metazoans. Oxygen 103-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23413029-2 2013 In an oxygen-dependent manner, PHD2 site-specifically prolyl hydroxylates the master transcription factor of the hypoxic response, hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-alpha), thereby targeting HIF-alpha for degradation. Oxygen 6-12 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 23413029-3 2013 In this report we show that the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) co-chaperones p23 and FKBP38 interact via a conserved Pro-Xaa-Leu-Glu motif (where Xaa = any amino acid) in these proteins with the N-terminal Myeloid Nervy and DEAF-1 (MYND)-type zinc finger of PHD2. Leucine 124-127 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 257-261 23380539-2 2013 Together with the two closest paralogues, PHD1 and PHD2, these enzymes have been identified as cellular oxygen sensors that can mark the hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF-alpha) for von Hippel-Lindau protein-mediated proteasomal destruction. Oxygen 104-110 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 23130672-2 2013 EGLN1, being an actual oxygen sensor, appears to have a potential role in the functional adaptation to the hypobaric hypoxic environment. Oxygen 23-29 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 23130672-11 2013 The significant inverse correlation of SaO2 levels with PASP (pulmonary artery systolic pressure) and EGLN1 expression and the association of these polymorphisms with SaO2 levels and EGLN1 expression contributed to uncovering the molecular mechanism underlying hypobaric hypoxic adaptation and maladaptation. sao2 39-43 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. Iron 37-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 23348729-4 2013 One gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Oxygen 54-60 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 70-88 23348729-4 2013 One gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Oxygen 54-60 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 23487784-3 2013 We report that ERbeta regulates the ligand (3beta-adiol)-dependent transcription of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) also known as Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that hydroxylates HIF-1alpha and targets it for recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and consequent degradation. 3beta-adiol 44-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-104 23487784-3 2013 We report that ERbeta regulates the ligand (3beta-adiol)-dependent transcription of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) also known as Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that hydroxylates HIF-1alpha and targets it for recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and consequent degradation. 3beta-adiol 44-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 23487784-3 2013 We report that ERbeta regulates the ligand (3beta-adiol)-dependent transcription of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) also known as Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that hydroxylates HIF-1alpha and targets it for recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and consequent degradation. 3beta-adiol 44-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 126-144 23487784-3 2013 We report that ERbeta regulates the ligand (3beta-adiol)-dependent transcription of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) also known as Egl nine homolog 1 (EGLN1), a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that hydroxylates HIF-1alpha and targets it for recognition by the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and consequent degradation. 3beta-adiol 44-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 23487784-7 2013 Moreover, expression of HIF-1alpha in cells that express PHD2 does not induce dedifferentiation but expression of HIF-1alpha containing mutations in the proline residues that are hydroxylated by PHD2 induces dedifferentiation. Proline 153-160 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 195-199 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. Iron 127-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. Iron 127-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. diacylhydrazines 166-182 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. diacylhydrazines 166-182 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. Iron 127-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 23151668-5 2013 Following analysis of small-molecule iron complexes and application of non-denaturing protein mass spectrometry to assess PHD2 iron inhibitor stoichiometry, selected diacylhydrazines were identified as PHD2 inhibitors that induce the binding of a second iron ion. Iron 127-131 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 22628534-9 2012 Furthermore, the identification of the EGLN1 gene from the HIF pathway suggests a common adaptive mechanism for Eurasian human populations residing at different altitudes with different oxygen pressures. Oxygen 186-192 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 22946054-0 2012 Oxygen sensing by the prolyl-4-hydroxylase PHD2 within the nuclear compartment and the influence of compartmentalisation on HIF-1 signalling. Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 23261967-4 2013 PCT inhibition of HPH-2 was reversed by addition of ascorbate, a cofactor of HPH-2, but not the cosubstrate, 2-ketoglutarate, to the reaction mixture of an in vitro von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) capture assay, and pretreatment with ascorbate abrogated PCT induction of cellular HIF-1alpha. Ascorbic Acid 52-61 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 23261967-4 2013 PCT inhibition of HPH-2 was reversed by addition of ascorbate, a cofactor of HPH-2, but not the cosubstrate, 2-ketoglutarate, to the reaction mixture of an in vitro von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) capture assay, and pretreatment with ascorbate abrogated PCT induction of cellular HIF-1alpha. Ascorbic Acid 52-61 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 23261967-4 2013 PCT inhibition of HPH-2 was reversed by addition of ascorbate, a cofactor of HPH-2, but not the cosubstrate, 2-ketoglutarate, to the reaction mixture of an in vitro von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) capture assay, and pretreatment with ascorbate abrogated PCT induction of cellular HIF-1alpha. Ascorbic Acid 226-235 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 22747465-1 2012 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) is deemed a primary oxygen sensor in humans, yet many details of its underlying mechanism are still not fully understood. Oxygen 55-61 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 22971010-10 2012 This suggested that ROS- and NO-mediated HIF-1alpha stabilization involved S-nitrosation, which was confirmed by demonstrating increased S-nitrosation of PHD2 during hypoxia. Reactive Oxygen Species 20-23 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 22971010-11 2012 Our results support a regulatory mechanism of HIF-1alpha during hypoxia in which endogenously generated NO and ROS promote inhibition of PHD2 activity, probably by its S-nitrosation. Reactive Oxygen Species 111-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 22747465-1 2012 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) is deemed a primary oxygen sensor in humans, yet many details of its underlying mechanism are still not fully understood. Oxygen 55-61 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 22747465-2 2012 (Fe(2+) + alphaKG)PHD2 is 6-coordinate, with a 2His/1Asp facial triad occupying three coordination sites, a bidentate alpha-ketoglutarate occupying two sites, and an aquo ligand in the final site. Iron 1-3 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22747465-2 2012 (Fe(2+) + alphaKG)PHD2 is 6-coordinate, with a 2His/1Asp facial triad occupying three coordination sites, a bidentate alpha-ketoglutarate occupying two sites, and an aquo ligand in the final site. 2his 47-51 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22747465-2 2012 (Fe(2+) + alphaKG)PHD2 is 6-coordinate, with a 2His/1Asp facial triad occupying three coordination sites, a bidentate alpha-ketoglutarate occupying two sites, and an aquo ligand in the final site. Ketoglutaric Acids 118-137 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22747465-5 2012 A variety of spectroscopic probes were employed to identify the active-site acid, through comparison of (Fe(2+) + alphaKG)PHD2 at pH 6.50 with pH 8.50. ammonium ferrous sulfate 105-111 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 22747465-10 2012 The unusual kinetic pK(a) further suggested that PHD2 might function physiologically to sense both intracellular pO(2) as well as pH, which could provide for feedback between anaerobic metabolism and hypoxia sensing. PO-2 113-118 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 22360728-5 2012 In order to shed light on the redox-regulation of HIF-1 by ROS, we studied the impact of exogenous ROS treatment (H(2)O(2)) on HIF-1alpha and HIF-1 regulatory protein prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) in the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. Reactive Oxygen Species 99-102 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 167-187 22897855-2 2012 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is an oxygen/redox-sensitive enzyme that induces cellular adaptations to stress conditions. Oxygen 49-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-35 22897855-2 2012 Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) is an oxygen/redox-sensitive enzyme that induces cellular adaptations to stress conditions. Oxygen 49-55 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 22687491-2 2012 These enzymes are factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) and prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2), each an alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) dependent, non-heme Fe(II) dioxygenase. Ketoglutaric Acids 87-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 22687491-2 2012 These enzymes are factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) and prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2), each an alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG) dependent, non-heme Fe(II) dioxygenase. Ketoglutaric Acids 87-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 22687491-3 2012 Although the two enzymes have similar active sites, FIH hydroxylates Asn(803) of HIF-1alpha while PHD2 hydroxylates Pro(402) and/or Pro(564) of HIF-1alpha. Asparagine 69-72 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 22687491-7 2012 Dose response curves at moderate [alphaKG] ([alphaKG]~K(M)) showed that the hydroxypyrones/hydroxypyridinones were selective inhibitors, with IC(50) in the muM range, and that the catechols were generally strong inhibitors of both FIH and PHD2, with IC(50) in the low muM range. hydroxypyrones 76-90 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 239-243 22687491-7 2012 Dose response curves at moderate [alphaKG] ([alphaKG]~K(M)) showed that the hydroxypyrones/hydroxypyridinones were selective inhibitors, with IC(50) in the muM range, and that the catechols were generally strong inhibitors of both FIH and PHD2, with IC(50) in the low muM range. 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone 91-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 239-243 22687491-9 2012 This work shows some selective inhibition between FIH and PHD2, primarily through the use of simple aromatic or pseudo-aromatic chelators, and suggests that hydroxypyrones and hydroxypyridones may be promising chelates for FIH or PHD2 inhibition. hydroxypyrones 157-171 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 22687491-9 2012 This work shows some selective inhibition between FIH and PHD2, primarily through the use of simple aromatic or pseudo-aromatic chelators, and suggests that hydroxypyrones and hydroxypyridones may be promising chelates for FIH or PHD2 inhibition. hydroxypyrones 157-171 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 22687491-9 2012 This work shows some selective inhibition between FIH and PHD2, primarily through the use of simple aromatic or pseudo-aromatic chelators, and suggests that hydroxypyrones and hydroxypyridones may be promising chelates for FIH or PHD2 inhibition. hydroxypyridones 176-192 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 22687491-9 2012 This work shows some selective inhibition between FIH and PHD2, primarily through the use of simple aromatic or pseudo-aromatic chelators, and suggests that hydroxypyrones and hydroxypyridones may be promising chelates for FIH or PHD2 inhibition. hydroxypyridones 176-192 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 230-234 22360728-0 2012 Role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of HIF-1 by prolyl hydroxylase 2 under mild hypoxia. Reactive Oxygen Species 8-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-82 22364528-2 2012 The initial hit class, spirooxindoles, was identified through affinity selection mass spectrometry (AS-MS) and optimized for PHD2 inhibition and optimal PK/PD profile (short-acting PHDi inhibitors). spirooxindoles 23-37 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 22451659-8 2012 Finally, loss of function studies using lentiviral transduction of ShPHDs clearly shows that even at 1% O(2), PHD2 selectively degrades HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 104-108 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 22245592-6 2012 We also found that myricetin, quercetin, piceatannol and resveratrol up-regulated HIF-1alpha and down-regulated c-Myc, PHD2 and beta-catenin expressions via SIRT1 activation, in a manner that mimics hypoxic preconditioning. myricetin 19-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 22395314-3 2012 Three HIF prolyl hydroxylase enzymes (PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3) function as oxygen sensing enzymes, which regulate the activity of HIFs in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Oxygen 71-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 21904933-9 2012 In Laks, a non-synonymous variant within HIF1A already known to be associated with improvement in oxygen metabolism was rediscovered, and in Kubachians a cluster of 13 SNPs located in a conserved intronic region within EGLN1 showing high population differentiation was found. Oxygen 98-104 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 219-224 22245592-6 2012 We also found that myricetin, quercetin, piceatannol and resveratrol up-regulated HIF-1alpha and down-regulated c-Myc, PHD2 and beta-catenin expressions via SIRT1 activation, in a manner that mimics hypoxic preconditioning. Quercetin 30-39 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 22245592-6 2012 We also found that myricetin, quercetin, piceatannol and resveratrol up-regulated HIF-1alpha and down-regulated c-Myc, PHD2 and beta-catenin expressions via SIRT1 activation, in a manner that mimics hypoxic preconditioning. 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene 41-52 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 22245592-6 2012 We also found that myricetin, quercetin, piceatannol and resveratrol up-regulated HIF-1alpha and down-regulated c-Myc, PHD2 and beta-catenin expressions via SIRT1 activation, in a manner that mimics hypoxic preconditioning. Resveratrol 57-68 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 21792862-3 2012 PHD2 is considered the key oxygen sensor-regulating hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Oxygen 27-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21951999-3 2011 The alpha-subunits of HIFs are hydroxylated by members of the prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD) family, PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3, in an oxygen-dependent manner. Oxygen 132-138 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 22236543-3 2012 METHODS: In a total of 121 patients, PHD2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded tissue and correlated with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival. Paraffin 97-105 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 21665470-1 2011 Oxygen dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is triggered with hydroxylation by proline hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) under normoxic conditions. Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-133 21255264-5 2011 PHD2 hydroxylates beta-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)(176), Pro(179) and Pro(181) sites, which retards the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with beta(2) -AR into the cytosol. Proline 41-48 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21255264-5 2011 PHD2 hydroxylates beta-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)(176), Pro(179) and Pro(181) sites, which retards the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with beta(2) -AR into the cytosol. Proline 50-53 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21255264-5 2011 PHD2 hydroxylates beta-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)(176), Pro(179) and Pro(181) sites, which retards the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with beta(2) -AR into the cytosol. Proline 61-64 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21255264-5 2011 PHD2 hydroxylates beta-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)(176), Pro(179) and Pro(181) sites, which retards the recruitment of beta-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with beta(2) -AR into the cytosol. Proline 61-64 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21785823-6 2011 PHD2 accumulation, which occurred concomitant with HIF1 stabilization, may have compensated for the lack of oxygen under hypoxic conditions to regulate the HIF levels. Oxygen 108-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21723853-4 2011 In an in vitro VHL capture assay, hydroxylation of the 19mer HIF peptide (corresponding to HIF-1alpha residues 556-574) by HPH-2 was effectively prevented by nitric oxide (NO) donors, (+-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione. Nitric Oxide 158-170 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 21723853-4 2011 In an in vitro VHL capture assay, hydroxylation of the 19mer HIF peptide (corresponding to HIF-1alpha residues 556-574) by HPH-2 was effectively prevented by nitric oxide (NO) donors, (+-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione. S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine 184-220 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 21723853-4 2011 In an in vitro VHL capture assay, hydroxylation of the 19mer HIF peptide (corresponding to HIF-1alpha residues 556-574) by HPH-2 was effectively prevented by nitric oxide (NO) donors, (+-)-S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione. S-Nitrosoglutathione 232-252 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 21723853-9 2011 Our data suggest that NO inhibits HPH-2 via competing with dioxygen and that the discriminative effect of NO on CPHs and HPH-2 is attributable to the difference in the affinity of the two enzymes toward dioxygen. Oxygen 203-211 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 21723853-9 2011 Our data suggest that NO inhibits HPH-2 via competing with dioxygen and that the discriminative effect of NO on CPHs and HPH-2 is attributable to the difference in the affinity of the two enzymes toward dioxygen. Oxygen 203-211 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 21504793-7 2011 For the most potent compound, a hydroxyl thiazole derivative, the potency against HPH2 and HPH3 was 7nM and 0.49nM, respectively corresponding to a 14-fold difference. hydroxyl thiazole 32-49 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 21665470-1 2011 Oxygen dependent degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is triggered with hydroxylation by proline hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) under normoxic conditions. Oxygen 0-6 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 21335603-12 2011 Src-induced ROS reduces cellular vitamin C, which is required for the activity of PHD2, thus Src can block VHL recruitment of HIF-1alpha, leading to stabilization of HIF-1alpha. ros 12-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 21742796-15 2011 More recently, genetic and pharmacological approaches have begun to unravel some other key regulators of vascular normalization such as proteins that regulate tissue oxygen sensing (PHD2) and vessel maturation (PDGFRbeta, RGS5, Ang1/2, TGF-beta). Oxygen 166-172 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 182-186 21410436-2 2011 HIF proteins are regulated by three Fe(II)- and alpha-KG (alpha-ketoglutarate)-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes [PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain) isoenzymes 1-3 or PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3] and one asparaginyl hydroxylase [FIH (factor inhibiting HIF)]. ammonium ferrous sulfate 36-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 173-177 21410436-2 2011 HIF proteins are regulated by three Fe(II)- and alpha-KG (alpha-ketoglutarate)-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes [PHD (prolyl hydroxylase domain) isoenzymes 1-3 or PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3] and one asparaginyl hydroxylase [FIH (factor inhibiting HIF)]. Ketoglutaric Acids 58-77 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 173-177 21601578-0 2011 Studies on the reaction of nitric oxide with the hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (EGLN1). Nitric Oxide 27-39 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 103-108 21601578-4 2011 We describe biochemical and biophysical studies on the reaction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzyme (PHD) isoform 2 (EGLN1) with nitric oxide and a nitric oxide transfer reagent. Nitric Oxide 140-152 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 21601578-4 2011 We describe biochemical and biophysical studies on the reaction of prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzyme (PHD) isoform 2 (EGLN1) with nitric oxide and a nitric oxide transfer reagent. Nitric Oxide 159-171 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 21601578-5 2011 The combined results reveal the potential for the catalytic domain of PHD2 to react with nitric oxide both at its Fe(II) and at cysteine residues. Nitric Oxide 89-101 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 21601578-5 2011 The combined results reveal the potential for the catalytic domain of PHD2 to react with nitric oxide both at its Fe(II) and at cysteine residues. ammonium ferrous sulfate 114-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 21601578-5 2011 The combined results reveal the potential for the catalytic domain of PHD2 to react with nitric oxide both at its Fe(II) and at cysteine residues. Cysteine 128-136 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 21601578-6 2011 Although the biological significance is unclear, the results suggest that the reaction of PHD2 with nitric oxide has the potential to be complex and are consistent with proposals based on cellular studies that nitric oxide may regulate the hypoxic response by direct reaction with the HIF hydroxylases. Nitric Oxide 100-112 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 21601578-6 2011 Although the biological significance is unclear, the results suggest that the reaction of PHD2 with nitric oxide has the potential to be complex and are consistent with proposals based on cellular studies that nitric oxide may regulate the hypoxic response by direct reaction with the HIF hydroxylases. Nitric Oxide 210-222 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 21335603-11 2011 HIF-1alpha-hydroxylation-dependent VHL pull-down assay showed that Src inhibits cellular PHD2 activity by inducing ROS production in a mechanism involving Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase. ros 115-118 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 21335603-12 2011 Src-induced ROS reduces cellular vitamin C, which is required for the activity of PHD2, thus Src can block VHL recruitment of HIF-1alpha, leading to stabilization of HIF-1alpha. Ascorbic Acid 33-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 21300765-6 2011 PHD2 silencing in endothelial cells recapitulated the proangiogenic effects of lactate, whereas a blocking IL-8 antibody or IL-8-targeting siRNA prevented them. Lactic Acid 79-86 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20801873-3 2010 Induction of a PHD2 knockdown in tetracycline-inducible HeLa PHD2 knockdown cells resulted in increased F-actin formation as detected by phalloidin staining. Tetracycline 33-45 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 21076780-3 2011 The subsequently prepared di-acids were tested for in vitro inhibition of the histone demethylase JMJD2E and another human 2OG oxygenase, prolyl-hydroxylase domain isoform 2 (PHD2, EGLN1). di-acids 26-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 138-173 21076780-3 2011 The subsequently prepared di-acids were tested for in vitro inhibition of the histone demethylase JMJD2E and another human 2OG oxygenase, prolyl-hydroxylase domain isoform 2 (PHD2, EGLN1). di-acids 26-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 21076780-3 2011 The subsequently prepared di-acids were tested for in vitro inhibition of the histone demethylase JMJD2E and another human 2OG oxygenase, prolyl-hydroxylase domain isoform 2 (PHD2, EGLN1). di-acids 26-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 181-186 21887331-8 2011 In the multivariate analyses we found high tumor cell expression of PHD2 (HR = 2.03, CI 95% 1.20-3.42, P = 0.008) and PHD1 (HR = 1.45, CI 95% 1.01-2.10, P = 0.047) to be significant independent prognosticators for DSS. dss 214-217 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 21278251-5 2011 Here, we determine the solution structure of PHD2 in complex with H3K9me3, revealing the molecular basis of histone recognition, including a cation-pi recognition mechanism for methylated Lys(9). Lysine 188-191 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 21143197-8 2011 However, the hPCL3L-specific PHD2 domain, which is better conserved than PHD1 in the PCL family, is also involved in this interaction and implicated in the self-association of hPCL3L. hpcl3l 13-19 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 21287578-0 2011 An activator of PHD2, KRH102140, decreases angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF-1alpha. (2-fluorobenzyl)-(2-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-chromen-6-yl-amine) 22-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 21287578-5 2011 We previously reported that KRH102053, an activator of PHD2, rapidly decreased HIF-1alpha and eventually inhibited angiogenesis. 2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutyric acid 4-methoxy-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-2,2-dimethylchroman-3-yl ester 28-37 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 21287578-6 2011 Here, we report a potent activator of PHD2, KRH102140, which has a structure similar to KRH102053. (2-fluorobenzyl)-(2-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-chromen-6-yl-amine) 44-53 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 21287578-6 2011 Here, we report a potent activator of PHD2, KRH102140, which has a structure similar to KRH102053. 2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutyric acid 4-methoxy-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-2,2-dimethylchroman-3-yl ester 88-97 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 21291529-7 2011 PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3 expression was significantly increased after epirubicin therapy (all P < 0.000) with no significant difference in PHD changes between the treatment arms. Epirubicin 65-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 21134392-7 2011 Molecular data showed that all these effects of Andro might be mediated via TGFbeta1/PHD2/HIF-1alpha pathway, as demonstrated by the transfection of TGFbeta1 overexpression vector and PHD2 siRNA, and the usage of a pharmacological MG132 inhibitor. benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde 231-236 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 20801873-3 2010 Induction of a PHD2 knockdown in tetracycline-inducible HeLa PHD2 knockdown cells resulted in increased F-actin formation as detected by phalloidin staining. Tetracycline 33-45 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 20801873-3 2010 Induction of a PHD2 knockdown in tetracycline-inducible HeLa PHD2 knockdown cells resulted in increased F-actin formation as detected by phalloidin staining. Phalloidine 137-147 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 20801873-3 2010 Induction of a PHD2 knockdown in tetracycline-inducible HeLa PHD2 knockdown cells resulted in increased F-actin formation as detected by phalloidin staining. Phalloidine 137-147 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 24900242-2 2010 Certain benzimidazole-2-pyrazole carboxylates were discovered to be PHD2 inhibitors using ligand- and structure-based methods and found to be potent, orally efficacious stimulators of erythropoietin secretion in vivo. benzimidazole-2-pyrazole carboxylates 8-45 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 20404338-8 2010 Depletion of PHD2 resulted in greater HIF-2alpha levels and therefore enhanced SOX9-induced cartilage matrix production compared with the levels normally found in hypoxia (1% oxygen) implying that PHD2 inhibition offers a novel means to enhance cartilage repair in vivo. Oxygen 175-181 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 20973793-3 2010 In the presence of oxygen, HIF1alpha is prolyl hydroxylated by EglN1 (also called PHD2); this modification recruits pVHL, which then targets HIF1alpha for proteasomal degradation. Oxygen 19-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 20973793-3 2010 In the presence of oxygen, HIF1alpha is prolyl hydroxylated by EglN1 (also called PHD2); this modification recruits pVHL, which then targets HIF1alpha for proteasomal degradation. Oxygen 19-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 20840591-0 2010 Evidence for the slow reaction of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 with oxygen. Oxygen 85-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-79 20838600-10 2010 Interestingly, one gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, EGLN1 (also known as PHD2), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Oxygen 69-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 20838600-10 2010 Interestingly, one gene previously known to be important in cellular oxygen sensing, EGLN1 (also known as PHD2), shows evidence of positive selection in both Tibetans and Andeans. Oxygen 69-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 20613843-3 2010 Recently, a tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger (PHD1-PHD2, or PHD12) of human DPF3b, which functions in association with the BAF chromatin remodelling complex to initiate gene transcription during heart and muscle development, was reported to bind histones H3 and H4 in an acetylation-sensitive manner, making it the first alternative to bromodomains for acetyl-lysine binding. N(alpha)-acetyllysine 358-371 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 20416277-4 2010 In vitro PHD2 and FIH activity assays based on fluorescence polarization reveal that such HIF-1alpha stabilization is likely medicated by inhibitory effects of hinokitiol on prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation of HIF-1alpha. beta-thujaplicin 160-170 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 20527723-0 2010 Apicidin upregulates PHD2 prolyl hydroxylase gene expression in cervical cancer cells. apicidin 0-8 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 20527723-2 2010 We used HeLa, CaSki, C33A, and SiHa cervical cancer cells to show the effect of apicidin on cellular levels of PHD2 enzyme. apicidin 80-88 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 20527723-3 2010 Using reverse transcription, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis, we established that apicidin upregulates PHD2 transcript and protein levels in HeLa, CaSki, and C33A, but not in SiHa cervical cancer cells. apicidin 104-112 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. hydrogen sulfite 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. hydrogen sulfite 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. hydrogen sulfite 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. apicidin 256-264 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. apicidin 256-264 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 20527723-4 2010 Bisulfite sequencing showed that the increase in PHD2 expression was accompanied by demethylation ofCpG islands located in the first exon of the PHD2 gene.As decreased PHD2 expression supports tumor progression, our findings may validate the usefulness of apicidin as an anticancer drug. apicidin 256-264 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 20461086-2 2010 Of the four identified PHD enzymes, PHD2 is considered to be the key oxygen sensor, as knockdown of PHD2 results in elevated HIF protein. Oxygen 69-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 20461086-2 2010 Of the four identified PHD enzymes, PHD2 is considered to be the key oxygen sensor, as knockdown of PHD2 results in elevated HIF protein. Oxygen 69-75 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 20216402-0 2010 Double immunohistochemical staining method for HIF-1alpha and its regulators PHD2 and PHD3 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. Formaldehyde 94-102 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. beta-thujaplicin 39-49 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. Ketoglutaric Acids 81-85 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. ammonium ferrous sulfate 90-98 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. Ketoglutaric Acids 177-181 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. ammonium ferrous sulfate 211-219 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20416277-5 2010 In addition, the inhibition of PHD2 by hinokitiol is reversed by the addition of 2-OG and iron(II), suggesting that the underlying inhibitory mechanism involves displacement of 2-OG and a chelate formation with iron(II) at the enzyme active site by hinokitiol. beta-thujaplicin 249-259 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 20055761-3 2010 We have investigated the ascorbate dependence of PHD2-catalysed hydroxylation of two prolyl hydroxylation sites in human HIF-1alpha, and of FIH-catalysed hydroxylation of asparaginyl hydroxylation sites in HIF-1alpha and in a consensus ankyrin repeat domain peptide. Ascorbic Acid 25-34 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 20007141-2 2010 In this pathway, Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 2 (PHD2) hydroxylates two prolyl residues in HIF-alpha, which in turn promotes HIF-alpha degradation by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein. Peptide oostatic hormone 77-83 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 17-52 20007141-2 2010 In this pathway, Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain protein 2 (PHD2) hydroxylates two prolyl residues in HIF-alpha, which in turn promotes HIF-alpha degradation by the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein. Peptide oostatic hormone 77-83 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 20302516-5 2010 Here, the effects of NANT in inhibiting recombinant PHD2 and up-regulating of HIF-1 and HIF-1-mediated carboanhydrase-9 (CA9) mRNA expression were compared in living cells with the NO donors N-nitrosomelatonin (NOMela) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan 21-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 20302516-6 2010 In contrast to GSNO, NANT was similar to NOMela being highly effective in inhibiting recombinant PHD2. N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan 21-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 20302516-8 2010 In contrast, under hypoxia NANT was able to boost hypoxic cellular HIF-1 levels by further reducing the activity of cellular PHD2. N-acetyl-N-nitrosotryptophan 27-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 20025281-2 2010 The method was exemplified using prolyl hydroxylase domain containing enzyme 2 (PHD2), a human enzyme involved in hypoxic sensing, with Mn(II) substituting for Fe(II) at the active site. Manganese(2+) 136-142 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 20025281-2 2010 The method was exemplified using prolyl hydroxylase domain containing enzyme 2 (PHD2), a human enzyme involved in hypoxic sensing, with Mn(II) substituting for Fe(II) at the active site. ammonium ferrous sulfate 160-166 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 19817749-5 2010 Evidence for an etoposide-specific resistance, which develops as a consequence of inhibiting the PHD activity, was further supported in a tetracycline-inducible PHD2 knockdown HeLa cell model. Etoposide 16-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 19817749-5 2010 Evidence for an etoposide-specific resistance, which develops as a consequence of inhibiting the PHD activity, was further supported in a tetracycline-inducible PHD2 knockdown HeLa cell model. Tetracycline 138-150 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 20028863-6 2010 Gain and loss of function experiments defined PHD2 and PHD3 as HIF target genes that remained operative even at low oxygen concentrations. Oxygen 116-122 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 19563769-2 2009 Here we report studies on the reactivity of cysteinyl residues of the catalytic domain of PHD2 using an approach in which nondenaturing electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses were combined with the use of a thiol library and residue substitution. lysyl-cysteinyl-cysteinyl-arginyl-cysteinyl-lysine 44-53 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 19775891-0 2009 2-Oxoglutarate analogue inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase domain 2. Ketoglutaric Acids 0-14 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-65 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 17-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-106 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 17-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 17-31 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 280-284 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Oxygen 57-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-106 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Oxygen 57-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Iron 147-151 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 79-106 19775891-1 2009 Analogues of the 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate of the human oxygen sensing enzyme prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) with variations in the potential iron-chelating group were screened as inhibitors and for binding (using non-denaturing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) to PHD2. Iron 147-151 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 19563769-2 2009 Here we report studies on the reactivity of cysteinyl residues of the catalytic domain of PHD2 using an approach in which nondenaturing electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analyses were combined with the use of a thiol library and residue substitution. Sulfhydryl Compounds 228-233 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 19563769-3 2009 Among the seven cysteinyl residues of the PHD2 catalytic domain, Cys201 was found to be predominantly modified by thiols or N-ethylmaleimide. lysyl-cysteinyl-cysteinyl-arginyl-cysteinyl-lysine 16-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 19563769-3 2009 Among the seven cysteinyl residues of the PHD2 catalytic domain, Cys201 was found to be predominantly modified by thiols or N-ethylmaleimide. Sulfhydryl Compounds 114-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 19563769-3 2009 Among the seven cysteinyl residues of the PHD2 catalytic domain, Cys201 was found to be predominantly modified by thiols or N-ethylmaleimide. Ethylmaleimide 124-140 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 19604478-4 2009 We report crystal structures of the catalytic domain of PHD2, the most important of the human PHDs, in complex with the C-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 131-137 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 19546213-2 2009 Whereas PHD1 and PHD3 proteolysis has been shown to be regulated by Siah2 ubiquitin E3 ligase-mediated polyubiquitylation and proteasomal destruction, protein regulation of the main oxygen sensor responsible for hypoxia-inducible factor alpha regulation, PHD2, remained unknown. Oxygen 182-188 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 255-259 19546213-4 2009 Using peptide array binding assays, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, we defined a minimal linear glutamate-rich PHD2 binding domain in the N-terminal part of FKBP38 and showed that this domain forms a high affinity complex with PHD2. Glutamic Acid 144-153 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 19546213-4 2009 Using peptide array binding assays, fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis, we defined a minimal linear glutamate-rich PHD2 binding domain in the N-terminal part of FKBP38 and showed that this domain forms a high affinity complex with PHD2. Glutamic Acid 144-153 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 275-279 19631610-0 2009 Cellular oxygen sensing: Importins and exportins are mediators of intracellular localisation of prolyl-4-hydroxylases PHD1 and PHD2. Oxygen 9-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 19604478-5 2009 Together with biochemical analyses, the results reveal that PHD catalysis involves a mobile region that isolates the hydroxylation site and stabilizes the PHD2.Fe(II).2OG complex. ammonium ferrous sulfate 160-166 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 19304911-2 2009 Here, we tested the hypothesis that PHD2, a prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing O(2) sensor, modulates growth factor-induced proliferative responses of human pulmonary artery SMC (HPASMC). Oxygen 87-91 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 19498081-3 2009 Because PHD2 hydroxylates HIF-1alpha, with succinic acid produced as an end product, radiolabeled [5-(14)C]-2-oxoglutaric acid was used and formation of [14C]-succinic acid was measured to quantify PHD2(181-417) enzymatic activity. Succinic Acid 43-56 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 19498081-3 2009 Because PHD2 hydroxylates HIF-1alpha, with succinic acid produced as an end product, radiolabeled [5-(14)C]-2-oxoglutaric acid was used and formation of [14C]-succinic acid was measured to quantify PHD2(181-417) enzymatic activity. 14c]-succinic acid 154-172 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 19498081-10 2009 The authors conclude that a by-product enzyme assay measuring the conversion of 2-oxoglutaric acid to succinic acid using the catalytic domain of the human PHD2 provides a convenient method for the biochemical evaluation of inhibitors of the 2-oxoglutaric acid-dependent hydroxylases. Ketoglutaric Acids 80-98 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 19498081-10 2009 The authors conclude that a by-product enzyme assay measuring the conversion of 2-oxoglutaric acid to succinic acid using the catalytic domain of the human PHD2 provides a convenient method for the biochemical evaluation of inhibitors of the 2-oxoglutaric acid-dependent hydroxylases. Succinic Acid 102-115 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 19304911-8 2009 Given the role of PHD2 as an oxygen sensor in mammalian cells, these results raise the possibility that PHD2 links VSMC proliferation to O(2) availability. vsmc 115-119 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 19304911-3 2009 We found that both PHD1 and PHD2 were robustly expressed by HPASMC, and inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase activity pharmacologically by using the nonselective dioxygenase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) inhibited proliferation and cyclin A expression induced by PDGF-AB or FGF-2. oxalylglycine 177-198 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 19304911-8 2009 Given the role of PHD2 as an oxygen sensor in mammalian cells, these results raise the possibility that PHD2 links VSMC proliferation to O(2) availability. vsmc 115-119 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 19304911-8 2009 Given the role of PHD2 as an oxygen sensor in mammalian cells, these results raise the possibility that PHD2 links VSMC proliferation to O(2) availability. Oxygen 137-141 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 19304911-3 2009 We found that both PHD1 and PHD2 were robustly expressed by HPASMC, and inhibiting prolyl hydroxylase activity pharmacologically by using the nonselective dioxygenase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) inhibited proliferation and cyclin A expression induced by PDGF-AB or FGF-2. oxalylglycine 200-204 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 19304911-5 2009 The inhibitory effects of DMOG and PHD2 knockdown on proliferation and cyclin A expression were seen under both normoxic (20% O(2)) and moderately hypoxic (5% O(2)) conditions, and PHD2 expression was not affected by O(2) level nor by stimulation with PDGF or FGF-2, indicating that the proproliferative influence of PHD2 does not involve alterations of its expression. oxalylglycine 26-30 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 19304911-5 2009 The inhibitory effects of DMOG and PHD2 knockdown on proliferation and cyclin A expression were seen under both normoxic (20% O(2)) and moderately hypoxic (5% O(2)) conditions, and PHD2 expression was not affected by O(2) level nor by stimulation with PDGF or FGF-2, indicating that the proproliferative influence of PHD2 does not involve alterations of its expression. oxalylglycine 26-30 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 19304911-8 2009 Given the role of PHD2 as an oxygen sensor in mammalian cells, these results raise the possibility that PHD2 links VSMC proliferation to O(2) availability. Oxygen 29-35 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 19284310-7 2009 We identified two aptamers, WT-15 and SM-20, that disrupt the interactions between PAI-1 and heparin, as well as PAI-1 and vitronectin, without affecting the antiprotease activity of PAI-1. Heparin 93-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 19455291-6 2009 Recent genetic data indicate that ECs sense an imbalance in oxygen levels, by using the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD2. Oxygen 60-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 19455291-6 2009 Recent genetic data indicate that ECs sense an imbalance in oxygen levels, by using the oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylase PHD2. Oxygen 88-94 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 19277991-6 2009 HIF-1alpha stabilization was induced in cells cultured in 21% oxygen by treatment with dimethyloxaloglycine (DMOG) or siRNA targeted against PHD2. Oxygen 62-68 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 18776187-6 2008 Maximal PHD2 activity was found between 120 and 210 microm O2. Oxygen 59-61 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 19028544-3 2009 The nuclear localization of HIF-1alpha appeared to be triggered by the Al-induced perturbation of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Aluminum 71-73 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 98-118 19028544-3 2009 The nuclear localization of HIF-1alpha appeared to be triggered by the Al-induced perturbation of prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Aluminum 71-73 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 19028544-5 2009 The fate of PHD2 and HIF-1alpha was intricately linked to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed during Al stress. Aluminum 104-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 19028544-7 2009 However, the treatment of the Al-stressed cells with KG recovered the activity and expression of KGDH, SDH, and PHD2 with a concomitant decrease in the levels of HIF-1alpha in the nucleus. Aluminum 30-32 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 18952043-5 2009 We demonstrated submicromolar affinities for 2-OG and ferrous iron and HIF-PHD2 Km values for oxygen that are greater than atmospheric oxygen levels, suggesting that molecular oxygen is indeed the key regulator of this pathway. Oxygen 94-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18952043-5 2009 We demonstrated submicromolar affinities for 2-OG and ferrous iron and HIF-PHD2 Km values for oxygen that are greater than atmospheric oxygen levels, suggesting that molecular oxygen is indeed the key regulator of this pathway. Oxygen 135-141 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18952043-5 2009 We demonstrated submicromolar affinities for 2-OG and ferrous iron and HIF-PHD2 Km values for oxygen that are greater than atmospheric oxygen levels, suggesting that molecular oxygen is indeed the key regulator of this pathway. Oxygen 135-141 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18952043-6 2009 In addition, we observed enhancement of HIF-PHD2 catalytic activity in the presence of ascorbic acid with only minor modifications of HIF-PHD2 requirements for 2-OG, and a detailed pH study demonstrated optimal HIF-PHD2 catalytic activity at pH 6.0. Ascorbic Acid 87-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 20008248-4 2009 Congenital causes include mutations of the erythropoietin receptor and defects of the oxygen-sensing pathway including VHL, PHD2 and HIF2A mutations. Oxygen 86-92 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 19639506-0 2009 Expression of the cellular oxygen sensor PHD2 (EGLN-1) predicts radiation sensitivity in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oxygen 27-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 19639506-0 2009 Expression of the cellular oxygen sensor PHD2 (EGLN-1) predicts radiation sensitivity in squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. Oxygen 27-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 47-53 19339211-5 2009 Treatment of cells with leptomycin B revealed that PHD2 was able to shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. leptomycin B 24-36 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 18776187-7 2008 PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Oxygen 54-56 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18776187-7 2008 PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Oxygen 54-56 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 18776187-7 2008 PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Oxygen 106-108 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18776187-7 2008 PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Oxygen 106-108 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18776187-7 2008 PHD2 activity was strongly decreased below 100 microm O2 with a half-maximum activity at 53 +/- 13 microm O2 for the cytosolic and 54 +/- 10 microm O2 for nuclear PHD2 matching the physiological O2 concentration within most cells. Oxygen 106-108 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18776187-8 2008 Our data suggest a role for PHD2 as a decisive oxygen sensor of the hypoxia-inducible factor degradation pathway within the cell nucleus. Oxygen 47-53 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 18927305-0 2008 Overexpression of the oxygen sensors PHD-1, PHD-2, PHD-3, and FIH Is associated with tumor aggressiveness in pancreatic endocrine tumors. Oxygen 22-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 18710826-3 2008 Mammalian PHDs comprise three isozymes, PHD1, PHD2 and PHD3, and belong to the iron(II)-2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase family. ammonium ferrous sulfate 79-87 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 18834144-3 2008 Herein, we examine the biochemical characterization of PHD2 variants, Arg371His and Pro317Arg, identified from patients with familial erythrocytosis. pro317arg 84-93 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 18927305-2 2008 Our aim was to assess the expression of proteins that act as cellular oxygen sensors, directly regulating the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway, i.e., prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHD)-1, PHD-2, PHD-3, and FIH in pancreatic endocrine tumors (PET). Oxygen 70-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 200-205 18755588-1 2008 We report the structure-based design and synthesis of a novel series of aza-benzimidazoles as PHD2 inhibitors. 1H-imidazo(4,5-b)pyridine 72-90 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 18579373-2 2008 From a screening hit, a series of novel hydroxyl-thiazoles were developed as potent PHD2 inhibitors. hydroxyl-thiazoles 40-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 18332861-6 2008 KEY RESULTS: We found a potent activator of PHD2, KRH102053 (2-amino-4-methylsulphanyl-butylic acid-4-methoxy-6-(4-methoxy-benzylamino)-2,2-dimethyl-chroman-3-yl ester). 2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutyric acid 4-methoxy-6-(4-methoxybenzylamino)-2,2-dimethylchroman-3-yl ester 50-59 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 17725546-2 2007 The activity of these transcription factors is mainly determined by the stability of the HIFalpha subunit, which is regulated, in an oxygen-dependent manner, by a family of three prolyl 4-hydroxylases [EGLN1-EGLN3 (EGL nine homologues 1-3)]. Oxygen 133-139 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-207 18332861-5 2008 EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: By using the overproduced PHD2 as a target, a molecular library consisting of more than 600 small molecules with a benzopyran structure was screened with an HPLC assay method. Benzopyrans 138-148 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 17933562-7 2008 The genetic defects herein described are the first frameshift and nonsense mutations reported in the PHD2 gene and, as the previous missense mutation described, suggest that a decreased prolyl hydroxylase activity disturbing the oxygen-sensing pathway might be the cause of erythrocytosis. Oxygen 229-235 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 18072750-8 2008 Under exposure to TCDD or hypoxia, the main regulator of HIF-1 alpha stability, the prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2) showed an increase in promoter activity, transcript numbers, and protein amount. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 18-22 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-130 18072750-8 2008 Under exposure to TCDD or hypoxia, the main regulator of HIF-1 alpha stability, the prolyl hydroxylase domain containing protein 2 (PHD2) showed an increase in promoter activity, transcript numbers, and protein amount. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 18-22 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 18072750-10 2008 The AhR-dependent regulation of PHD2 under normoxia, however, is overwritten by the TCDD-mediated destabilization of HIF-1 alpha. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 84-88 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 18072750-11 2008 The destabilization of HIF-1 alpha is the dominant effect causing the reduced PHD2 expression after simultaneous exposure to TCDD and hypoxia. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 125-129 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 17135241-4 2007 Under the assay conditions, no significant FIH inhibition was observed by the TCAIs or pyruvate, but fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate inhibited PHD2. Fumarates 101-109 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 17135241-4 2007 Under the assay conditions, no significant FIH inhibition was observed by the TCAIs or pyruvate, but fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate inhibited PHD2. Succinic Acid 111-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 17135241-4 2007 Under the assay conditions, no significant FIH inhibition was observed by the TCAIs or pyruvate, but fumarate, succinate, and isocitrate inhibited PHD2. isocitric acid 126-136 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 17135241-7 2007 The in vitro results suggest that the cellular inhibition of PHD2, but probably not FIH, by fumarate and succinate may play a role in the Warburg effect providing that appropriate relative concentrations of the components are achieved under physiological conditions. Fumarates 92-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 17135241-7 2007 The in vitro results suggest that the cellular inhibition of PHD2, but probably not FIH, by fumarate and succinate may play a role in the Warburg effect providing that appropriate relative concentrations of the components are achieved under physiological conditions. Succinic Acid 105-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 16931007-1 2006 A new series of potent 8-hydroxyquinolines was designed based on the newly resolved X-ray crystal structure of EGLN-1. Oxyquinoline 23-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 111-117 16962772-1 2006 Utilizing modeling information from a recently resolved structure of human HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylase (EGLN1) and structure-based design, a novel series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives was prepared. imidazo(1,2-a)pyridine 159-181 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 16952279-2 2007 An oxygen consumption assay was developed and used to study the relationship between HIF hydroxylase activity and oxygen concentration for recombinant forms of two human HIF hydroxylases, PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FIH (factor inhibiting HIF), and compared with two other 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. Oxygen 3-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 16952279-2 2007 An oxygen consumption assay was developed and used to study the relationship between HIF hydroxylase activity and oxygen concentration for recombinant forms of two human HIF hydroxylases, PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FIH (factor inhibiting HIF), and compared with two other 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. Oxygen 3-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 194-240 16952279-2 2007 An oxygen consumption assay was developed and used to study the relationship between HIF hydroxylase activity and oxygen concentration for recombinant forms of two human HIF hydroxylases, PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FIH (factor inhibiting HIF), and compared with two other 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. Oxygen 114-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 16952279-2 2007 An oxygen consumption assay was developed and used to study the relationship between HIF hydroxylase activity and oxygen concentration for recombinant forms of two human HIF hydroxylases, PHD2 (prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein 2) and FIH (factor inhibiting HIF), and compared with two other 2OG-dependent dioxygenases. Oxygen 114-120 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 194-240 16952279-3 2007 Although there are caveats on the absolute values, the apparent K(m) (oxygen) values for PHD2 and FIH were within the range observed for other 2OG oxygenases. Oxygen 70-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 16952279-5 2007 The analyses also suggest that human PHD2 is selective for fragments of the C-terminal over the N-terminal oxygen-dependent degradation domain of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 107-113 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 17101841-1 2007 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 protein (PHD2) signals the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha by hydroxylating specific prolyl residues located within oxygen-dependent degradation domains. Peptide oostatic hormone 134-140 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 17101841-1 2007 Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 protein (PHD2) signals the degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha by hydroxylating specific prolyl residues located within oxygen-dependent degradation domains. Oxygen 165-171 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Oxygen 91-97 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Gallic acid 107-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Iron 151-153 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Gallic acid 187-194 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Hydrogen 216-224 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 17056012-7 2006 Model building studies on the human HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 showed that the two phenolate oxygen atoms of gallate form a chelate with the active site Fe(2+), while the carboxyl group of gallate forms a strong ionic/hydrogen bonding interaction with Arg383, explaining why nPG, which has an esterified carboxyl group, is unable to inhibit the hydroxylase. Propyl Gallate 273-276 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-60 16908149-2 2006 Pyridine carboxyamide derivatives bearing a substituted aryl group at the 5-position of the pyridine ring show appreciable activity, while constraining the side chain by placing a pyrazole carboxylic acid generated a potent lead series with consistent activity against EGLN-1. pyridine carboxyamide 0-21 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 269-275 16908149-2 2006 Pyridine carboxyamide derivatives bearing a substituted aryl group at the 5-position of the pyridine ring show appreciable activity, while constraining the side chain by placing a pyrazole carboxylic acid generated a potent lead series with consistent activity against EGLN-1. pyridine 92-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 269-275 16908149-2 2006 Pyridine carboxyamide derivatives bearing a substituted aryl group at the 5-position of the pyridine ring show appreciable activity, while constraining the side chain by placing a pyrazole carboxylic acid generated a potent lead series with consistent activity against EGLN-1. pyrazole carboxylic acid 180-204 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 269-275 16509823-2 2006 Three oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase enzymes [PHD1 (prolyl hydroxylase domain 1), PHD2 and PHD3] control the abundance of HIF. Oxygen 6-12 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 16893883-8 2006 Furthermore, this polybasic region binds specifically to PI(3)P when fused to maltose-binding protein, PHD2, or as an isolated peptide, demonstrating that it is sufficient for specific PI binding. 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'D-myo-inositol-3'-phosphate) 57-63 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 16565084-2 2006 These oxygen-sensitive modifications are catalyzed by members of the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dioxygenase family (PHD1, PHD2, PHD3, and FIH-1), raising an important question regarding the extent of involvement of these and other enzymes of the same family in directing the global changes in gene expression that are induced by hypoxia. Oxygen 6-12 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 16611863-10 2006 EGLN1, EGLN2, and EGLN3 were also temporally expressed in an oxygen-dependent fashion, with greatest mRNA expression at 10-12 wk of gestation. Oxygen 61-67 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 16782814-0 2006 Cellular oxygen sensing: Crystal structure of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2). Oxygen 9-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 16782814-4 2006 We describe crystal structures of the catalytic domain of human PHD2, an important prolyl-4-hydroxylase in the human hypoxic response in normal cells, in complex with Fe(II) and an inhibitor to 1.7 A resolution. ammonium ferrous sulfate 167-173 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 16782814-5 2006 PHD2 crystallizes as a homotrimer and contains a double-stranded beta-helix core fold common to the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependant dioxygenase family, the residues of which are well conserved in the three human PHD enzymes (PHD 1-3). ammonium ferrous sulfate 100-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16565084-2 2006 These oxygen-sensitive modifications are catalyzed by members of the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dioxygenase family (PHD1, PHD2, PHD3, and FIH-1), raising an important question regarding the extent of involvement of these and other enzymes of the same family in directing the global changes in gene expression that are induced by hypoxia. Ketoglutaric Acids 69-83 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 16585195-4 2006 Hydroxylation of two proline residues by prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) 2 protein earmarks the protein for degradation, whereas hydroxylation of an asparagine residue by factor-inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1 or FIH) reduces its transcriptional activity. Proline 21-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 16179542-7 2005 The upregulated genes are clustered in cell adhesion/cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix components, cell cycle, protein modification/phosphorylation, protein metabolism and transcription, and inflammation/hypoxia (e.g., key iron and oxygen sensor EGLN1) classes. Iron 224-228 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 247-252 16489060-6 2006 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The expression of PHD2 was studied from paraffin-embedded normal tissue (n = 21) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; n = 44) by immunohistochemistry. Paraffin 61-69 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 16489060-14 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that increased levels and nuclear translocation of the cellular oxygen sensor, PHD2, are associated with less differentiated and strongly proliferating tumors. Oxygen 94-100 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 16185289-6 2005 HIF-1 is composed of two subunits, HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta, and HIF-1 activity depends mainly on the intracellular level of HIF-1alpha protein, which is regulated to be in inverse relation to the oxygen concentration by an oxygen-dependent enzyme, prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Oxygen 197-203 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 249-269 16185289-6 2005 HIF-1 is composed of two subunits, HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta, and HIF-1 activity depends mainly on the intracellular level of HIF-1alpha protein, which is regulated to be in inverse relation to the oxygen concentration by an oxygen-dependent enzyme, prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2). Oxygen 197-203 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 271-275 16185289-7 2005 Thus, cells respond to tissue hypoxia by sensing the oxygen concentration as the enzyme activity of PHD2, regulating the HIF-1 activity and consequently changing the expression of various hypoxia-responsive molecules. Oxygen 53-59 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 16880998-0 2005 Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 has a high affinity for ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate. Iron 70-82 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-45 16880998-0 2005 Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase 2 has a high affinity for ferrous iron and 2-oxoglutarate. Ketoglutaric Acids 87-101 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-45 16880998-1 2005 Regulation of the hypoxic response in humans is regulated by the post-translational hydroxylation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor; a recombinant form of a human prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD2) was characterised and shown to have an unexpectedly high affinity for, and to copurify with endogenous levels of, its Fe(ii) cofactor and 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate. ammonium ferrous sulfate 317-323 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 16880998-1 2005 Regulation of the hypoxic response in humans is regulated by the post-translational hydroxylation of hypoxia inducible transcription factor; a recombinant form of a human prolyl-4-hydroxylase (PHD2) was characterised and shown to have an unexpectedly high affinity for, and to copurify with endogenous levels of, its Fe(ii) cofactor and 2-oxoglutarate cosubstrate. Ketoglutaric Acids 337-351 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 15563275-4 2005 Therefore PHD2 is regarded as the main cellular oxygen sensor. Oxygen 48-54 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 16024780-8 2005 In these domain-swapping experiments, prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 (PHD1) and PHD2 preferentially hydroxylated the proline located in the site of the original 564 ODD, while PHD3 preferred the proline 564 sequence, regardless of its location. Proline 114-121 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 16024780-8 2005 In these domain-swapping experiments, prolyl hydroxylase domain 1 (PHD1) and PHD2 preferentially hydroxylated the proline located in the site of the original 564 ODD, while PHD3 preferred the proline 564 sequence, regardless of its location. Proline 192-199 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 14984367-10 2004 Pyruvate and oxaloacetate treatment of cells also up-regulates HPH-1 and HPH-2, but not HPH-3 or the HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase FIH-1 (factor inhibiting HIF). Pyruvic Acid 0-8 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 15474027-3 2004 We show that all three are capable of high rates of catalysis, in the order PHD2=PHD3>PHD1, using substrate peptides derived from the C-terminal degradation domain of HIF-alpha subunits, and that each demonstrates similar and remarkable sensitivity to oxygen, commensurate with a common role in signaling hypoxia. Oxygen 255-261 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 15455214-4 2004 Up-regulated genes, clustered mainly in biological processes involving cell adhesion/cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix components, cell cycle, protein modification/phosphorylation, protein metabolism, transcription and inflammation/stress (e.g. key iron and oxygen sensor EGLN1). Iron 250-254 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 273-278 15455214-4 2004 Up-regulated genes, clustered mainly in biological processes involving cell adhesion/cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix components, cell cycle, protein modification/phosphorylation, protein metabolism, transcription and inflammation/stress (e.g. key iron and oxygen sensor EGLN1). Oxygen 259-265 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 273-278 15302861-7 2004 Evidence for FIH activity in severely hypoxic cells contrasted with results for the prolyl hydroxylase PHD2, suggesting that these enzymes display different oxygen dependence in vivo, with PHD2 requiring higher levels of oxygen for biological activity. Oxygen 221-227 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 14984367-10 2004 Pyruvate and oxaloacetate treatment of cells also up-regulates HPH-1 and HPH-2, but not HPH-3 or the HIF asparaginyl hydroxylase FIH-1 (factor inhibiting HIF). Oxaloacetic Acid 13-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 15084514-6 2004 We show here that the role of Leu-574 is to recruit PHD2/HPH2 for Pro-564 hydroxylation. Leucine 30-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 15084514-6 2004 We show here that the role of Leu-574 is to recruit PHD2/HPH2 for Pro-564 hydroxylation. Leucine 30-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 15084514-6 2004 We show here that the role of Leu-574 is to recruit PHD2/HPH2 for Pro-564 hydroxylation. Proline 66-69 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 15084514-6 2004 We show here that the role of Leu-574 is to recruit PHD2/HPH2 for Pro-564 hydroxylation. Proline 66-69 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 15084514-9 2004 Furthermore, mutation of Leu-574 disrupts the binding of PHD2/HPH2, a key prolyl hydroxylase for oxygen-dependent proteolysis of HIF-1alpha. Leucine 25-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 15084514-9 2004 Furthermore, mutation of Leu-574 disrupts the binding of PHD2/HPH2, a key prolyl hydroxylase for oxygen-dependent proteolysis of HIF-1alpha. Leucine 25-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 15084514-9 2004 Furthermore, mutation of Leu-574 disrupts the binding of PHD2/HPH2, a key prolyl hydroxylase for oxygen-dependent proteolysis of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 97-103 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 15084514-9 2004 Furthermore, mutation of Leu-574 disrupts the binding of PHD2/HPH2, a key prolyl hydroxylase for oxygen-dependent proteolysis of HIF-1alpha. Oxygen 97-103 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 15084514-10 2004 Hence, our findings indicate that Leu-574 is essential for recruiting PHD2/HPH2, thereby providing a molecular basis for modulating HIF-1alpha activity. Leucine 34-37 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 15084514-10 2004 Hence, our findings indicate that Leu-574 is essential for recruiting PHD2/HPH2, thereby providing a molecular basis for modulating HIF-1alpha activity. Leucine 34-37 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 12839937-8 2003 In addition, we found a number of other hypoxia-inducible genes up-regulated by nickel in a HIF-dependent manner including BCL-2-binding protein Nip3, EGLN1, hypoxia-inducible gene 1 (HIG1), and prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Nickel 80-86 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 12912907-0 2003 HIF prolyl-hydroxylase 2 is the key oxygen sensor setting low steady-state levels of HIF-1alpha in normoxia. Oxygen 36-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-24 12912907-6 2003 We therefore conclude that, in vivo, PHDs have distinct assigned functions, PHD2 being the critical oxygen sensor setting the low steady-state levels of HIF-1alpha in normoxia. Oxygen 100-106 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 12912907-7 2003 Interestingly, PHD2 is upregulated by hypoxia, providing an HIF-1-dependent auto-regulatory mechanism driven by the oxygen tension. Oxygen 116-122 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 12670503-1 2003 Three HIF-alpha prolyl-4-hydroxylases (PHDs) (named PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) effect the proteasome-mediated degradation of HIF by catalyzing the hydroxylation of key proline residues in the HIF-1 alpha subunit under normoxic conditions. Proline 163-170 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 12670503-4 2003 Treatment of human cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells with hypoxia or CoCl(2), a hypoxia mimic, resulted in a significant time-dependent increase in PHD3, but not PHD1 or PHD2, mRNA levels, which correlated with an increase in HIF-1 alpha protein expression. cobaltous chloride 96-103 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 12163023-3 2002 Under normoxia, two highly conserved proline residues within the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD) are hydroxylated by oxoglutarate-dependent proline 4-hydroxylases EGLN1-3. Proline 37-44 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-179 12615973-3 2003 Three human oxygen-dependent HIF-1 alpha prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) function as oxygen sensors in vivo. Oxygen 12-18 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 12615973-3 2003 Three human oxygen-dependent HIF-1 alpha prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3) function as oxygen sensors in vivo. Oxygen 96-102 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 12570801-5 2003 Finally, we will present recent advances into oxygen-sensing, in particular the HIF-hydroxylases that govern HIF-1alpha instability (PHD2) or inactivation (FIH-1). Oxygen 46-52 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 12163023-3 2002 Under normoxia, two highly conserved proline residues within the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD) are hydroxylated by oxoglutarate-dependent proline 4-hydroxylases EGLN1-3. Oxygen 65-71 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 174-179 34265075-10 2021 Lastly, targeted metabolomic studies revealed that intracellular lactate and succinate correlated with PHD2 activity. Lactic Acid 65-72 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 12234095-1 2002 The mammalian EGLN family contains three paralagous genes (EGLN1, EGLN2, and EGLN3) encoding prolyl hydroxylase isoforms that mediate the oxygen-dependent targeting of the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor alpha to the proteosome. Oxygen 138-144 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 59-64 10386996-4 1999 Expression of SM-20 also increases during neuronal death caused by cytosine arabinoside or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Cytarabine 67-87 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 10386996-4 1999 Expression of SM-20 also increases during neuronal death caused by cytosine arabinoside or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Phosphatidylinositols 95-115 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 10386996-4 1999 Expression of SM-20 also increases during neuronal death caused by cytosine arabinoside or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 135-143 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 26053282-7 2015 Consistent with the phenotype, EGLN1 in Tibetans has a gain-of-function mutation that confers a higher affinity for oxygen, hence less sensitivity to hypoxia. Oxygen 116-122 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 26053282-12 2015 It should also be considered in future work in the field that because iron is a cofactor for EGLN1, there may be significant associations of phenotypes with the significant degrees of variation seen in tissue iron among human populations. Iron 70-74 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 26053282-12 2015 It should also be considered in future work in the field that because iron is a cofactor for EGLN1, there may be significant associations of phenotypes with the significant degrees of variation seen in tissue iron among human populations. Iron 209-213 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 34773469-0 2022 PHD2 attenuates high-glucose-induced blood retinal barrier breakdown in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells by regulating the Hif-1alpha/VEGF pathway. Glucose 21-28 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 34773469-11 2022 The PHD2 activator R59949 (diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor II), altered these pathological changes, and the PHD2 inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) resulted in the opposite effects. R 59949 19-25 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 34773469-11 2022 The PHD2 activator R59949 (diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor II), altered these pathological changes, and the PHD2 inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) resulted in the opposite effects. oxalylglycine 123-144 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 34773469-11 2022 The PHD2 activator R59949 (diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor II), altered these pathological changes, and the PHD2 inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) resulted in the opposite effects. oxalylglycine 146-150 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 34773469-13 2022 Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that PHD2 could be a potential novel target for the treatment of DME or other diseases with a similar pathogenesis. dme 104-107 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 34265075-10 2021 Lastly, targeted metabolomic studies revealed that intracellular lactate and succinate correlated with PHD2 activity. Succinic Acid 77-86 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 34587217-7 2021 The percentage of time spent above the criterion HR was also significantly lower in SM-20:10 compared to all other protocols (Ergo-60:60 13.9+-4.9min, BW-60:60 13.5+-3.5min, SM-40:20 12.1+-2.4min, SM-20:10 7.7+-3.1, P<0.05). Samarium 174-176 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 84-89 34502144-8 2021 AuNP@PLA in combination with desloratadine was proven to induce PHD-2 silencing in fibroblasts, allowing upregulation of pro-angiogenic pathways. desloratadine 29-42 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 34137488-0 2021 Carbon monoxide is an inhibitor of HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain 2. Carbon Monoxide 0-15 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 39-66 34137488-1 2021 Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2) is an important oxygen sensor in animals. Oxygen 76-82 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 35415275-10 2022 In this review, we will summarize the state of current knowledge on the role and mechanism of action of PHD2 as oxygen sensor in regulating bone metabolism. Oxygen 112-118 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 35192944-6 2022 Myricetin was identified as a novel potent PHD2 inhibitor by high-throughput screening of a natural compound library. myricetin 0-9 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 35517429-8 2022 This effect could be weakened in the presence of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), suggesting that EGLN1 down-regulated p53 based on its hydroxylase activity. oxalylglycine 49-70 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 35517429-8 2022 This effect could be weakened in the presence of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), suggesting that EGLN1 down-regulated p53 based on its hydroxylase activity. oxalylglycine 72-76 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 34102396-10 2021 Hereafter, we also attempted to resolve hypoxia-triggered inflammation in vitro as well as in vivo by augmenting the function of PHD2 using alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG), a co-factor of PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 140-159 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 34102396-10 2021 Hereafter, we also attempted to resolve hypoxia-triggered inflammation in vitro as well as in vivo by augmenting the function of PHD2 using alpha-ketoglutarate (alphaKG), a co-factor of PHD2. Ketoglutaric Acids 140-159 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 186-190 35112795-8 2022 Meanwhile, TSL administration facilitated the interaction of the Hif-1alpha/PHD2 complex and restored the Hif-1alpha protein level increased by PM2.5. tussilagone 11-14 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 35452683-0 2022 EGLN1 prolyl hydroxylation of hypoxia-induced transcription factor HIF1alpha is repressed by SET7-catalyzed lysine methylation. Lysine 108-114 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 35452683-1 2022 Egg laying defective nine 1 (EGLN1) functions as an oxygen sensor to catalyze prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1alpha) under normoxia conditions, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Oxygen 52-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 35452683-1 2022 Egg laying defective nine 1 (EGLN1) functions as an oxygen sensor to catalyze prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1alpha) under normoxia conditions, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Oxygen 52-58 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 35452683-1 2022 Egg laying defective nine 1 (EGLN1) functions as an oxygen sensor to catalyze prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1alpha) under normoxia conditions, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Peptide oostatic hormone 78-84 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 35452683-1 2022 Egg laying defective nine 1 (EGLN1) functions as an oxygen sensor to catalyze prolyl hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1alpha) under normoxia conditions, leading to its proteasomal degradation. Peptide oostatic hormone 78-84 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 35452683-3 2022 Here, we identified that a lysine monomethylase, SET7, catalyzes EGLN1 methylation on lysine 297, resulting in the repression of EGLN1 activity in catalyzing prolyl hydroxylation of HIF1alpha. Lysine 27-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 35452683-3 2022 Here, we identified that a lysine monomethylase, SET7, catalyzes EGLN1 methylation on lysine 297, resulting in the repression of EGLN1 activity in catalyzing prolyl hydroxylation of HIF1alpha. Lysine 27-33 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 35452683-3 2022 Here, we identified that a lysine monomethylase, SET7, catalyzes EGLN1 methylation on lysine 297, resulting in the repression of EGLN1 activity in catalyzing prolyl hydroxylation of HIF1alpha. Lysine 86-92 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 35452683-3 2022 Here, we identified that a lysine monomethylase, SET7, catalyzes EGLN1 methylation on lysine 297, resulting in the repression of EGLN1 activity in catalyzing prolyl hydroxylation of HIF1alpha. Lysine 86-92 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 35452683-4 2022 Notably, we demonstrate that the methylation mimic mutant of EGLN1 loses the capability to suppress the hypoxia signaling pathway, leading to the enhancement of cell proliferation and the oxygen consumption rate. Oxygen 188-194 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 35010112-8 2022 This method also enabled two clinically used inhibitors-vadadustat and roxadustat-to be loaded into liposomes with a high encapsulation efficiency, indicating its generality to load other heterocyclic glycinamide PHD2 inhibitors. vadadustat 56-66 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 213-217 35010112-8 2022 This method also enabled two clinically used inhibitors-vadadustat and roxadustat-to be loaded into liposomes with a high encapsulation efficiency, indicating its generality to load other heterocyclic glycinamide PHD2 inhibitors. roxadustat 71-81 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 213-217 35010112-8 2022 This method also enabled two clinically used inhibitors-vadadustat and roxadustat-to be loaded into liposomes with a high encapsulation efficiency, indicating its generality to load other heterocyclic glycinamide PHD2 inhibitors. glycine amide 201-212 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 213-217