PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
6114916-1	1981	The isolated perfused rat pancreas with duodenal exclusion was used to study the stimulation of glucose-induced insulin release in response to chicken and porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).	Glucose	96-103	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	194-197
6114916-3	1981	At 250 pM, chicken VIp exhibited a slightly higher potency than porcine VIP at both glucose concentrations.	Glucose	84-91	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	72-75
6114916-2	1981	The insulin response to 5.5 or 16.7 mM glucose was markedly enhanced by 750 pM porcine VIP and a concentration of 250 pM was still effective.	Glucose	39-46	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	87-90
6114916-3	1981	At 250 pM, chicken VIp exhibited a slightly higher potency than porcine VIP at both glucose concentrations.	Glucose	84-91	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	19-22
6114916-5	1981	Somatostatin (10 ng/ml) blocked the stimulatory effect of both VIP molecules on glucose-induced insulin secretion.	Glucose	80-87	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	63-66
182629-1	1976	The effect of glucagon, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP), secretin and gut glucagon on the cyclic adenosine 3"5" monophosphate (cAMP) level, and on the specific binding of these 125I-peptides to the adipocyte plasma membrane was measured in chicken adipocytes and compared to the results obtained in rat adipocytes.	Cyclic AMP	98-133	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	59-62
7440061-2	1980	Synthesis of an octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).	Amides	32-37	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	97-130
7440061-2	1980	Synthesis of an octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP).	Amides	32-37	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	132-135
7440061-3	1980	The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken VIP was synthesized in a conventional manner, using a new arginine derivative, NG-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine, Arg(Mts).	Amides	20-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	85-88
7440061-3	1980	The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken VIP was synthesized in a conventional manner, using a new arginine derivative, NG-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine, Arg(Mts).	Arginine	143-151	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	85-88
7440061-3	1980	The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken VIP was synthesized in a conventional manner, using a new arginine derivative, NG-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine, Arg(Mts).	ng-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine	164-196	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	85-88
7440061-3	1980	The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken VIP was synthesized in a conventional manner, using a new arginine derivative, NG-mesitylene-2-sulfonylarginine, Arg(Mts).	Arginine	198-201	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	85-88
32359608-13	2020	In addition, increased GnRH-I, LHss, and FSHss and decreased VIP mRNA expression was observed in the PCPA group compared with the controls.	Fenclonine	101-105	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	61-64
32839008-9	2020	6-OHDA treatment also inhibited distal limb bone development as well as VIP expression.	Oxidopamine	0-6	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	72-75
32839008-10	2020	Furthermore, co-application of VIP with 6-OHDA exposure could rescue the inhibited osteogenesis activity and delayed bone development during embryogenesis.	Oxidopamine	40-46	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
18765240-1	2008	Dopamine (DA) has a pivotal role in avian prolactin (PRL) secretion, acting centrally through D(1) DA receptors to stimulate PRL secretion by operating through vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).	Dopamine	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	191-194
26051791-10	2015	Both PCPA administration and active immunization against chicken VIP significantly increased testis weight, semen volume, sperm concentration, ejaculation grade, plasma testosterone level, and GnRH-I, FSH and LH gene expression compared with controls (P <= 0.05).	Testosterone	169-181	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	65-68
21934016-6	2011	Active immunization against VIP enhanced reproductive parameters as manifested by increased semen quality, plasma steroid levels, and mRNA gene expression of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone-I, pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone, pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), and decreased mRNA gene expression of hypothalamic VIP, pituitary prolactin, and testicular LH receptor.	Steroids	114-121	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	28-31
27021352-1	2016	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is reported to stimulate steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells from a variety of vertebrate species, including the domestic hen.	Cyclic AMP	50-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
27021352-1	2016	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is reported to stimulate steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells from a variety of vertebrate species, including the domestic hen.	Cyclic AMP	82-86	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
27021352-8	2016	These findings provide evidence that, at follicle selection, the acquisition of VIP-induced cAMP cell signaling helps initiate and promote the differentiation of of granulosa cells.	Cyclic AMP	92-96	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	80-83
18765240-1	2008	Dopamine (DA) has a pivotal role in avian prolactin (PRL) secretion, acting centrally through D(1) DA receptors to stimulate PRL secretion by operating through vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).	Dopamine	10-12	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	191-194
16888177-0	2006	The effects of PACAP and VIP on the in vitro melatonin secretion from the embryonic chicken pineal gland.	Melatonin	45-54	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
17291802-9	2007	In addition, it was observed that central administration of both VIP and PACAP induced a reduction in respiratory quotient and increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations.	esterified	148-158	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	65-68
17291802-9	2007	In addition, it was observed that central administration of both VIP and PACAP induced a reduction in respiratory quotient and increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations.	Fatty Acids	159-169	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	65-68
17291802-11	2007	In summary, brain VIP and PACAP both appear to exert generally catabolic effects on energy metabolism in the chick, but their influence on body temperature and glucose metabolism differs and their central effects do not appear to be mediated by the same receptors.	Glucose	160-167	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	18-21
18598849-4	2008	Earliest activation occurred in genes of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and type 6 phosphodiesterase beta subunit (PDE-6 beta) in the LSO at 4 and 6h, respectively, after onset of light and sulfamethazine intake.	Sulfamethazine	199-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	76-79
12794309-5	2003	About 60% of [125I]-VIP-binding sites in chick cerebral cortex were sensitive to Gpp(NH)p, a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	81-89	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	20-23
15886417-5	2005	Chicken VIP (cVIP; 0.1-3 microM) potently stimulated cyclic AMP synthesis in the chick hypothalamus in a concentration-dependent manner.	Cyclic AMP	53-63	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	8-11
15800375-3	2005	Various peptides from the PACAP/VIP/secretin family displaced the specific binding of 125I-VIP to guinea pig cerebrum with the relative rank order of potency: chicken VIP (cVIP) > or = PACAP38 approximately PACAP27 approximately guinea pig VIP (gpVIP) > or = mammalian (human/rat/porcine) VIP (mVIP) > peptide histidine-methionine (PHM) > peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI) > secretin.	histidine-methionine	319-339	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	91-94
15800375-3	2005	Various peptides from the PACAP/VIP/secretin family displaced the specific binding of 125I-VIP to guinea pig cerebrum with the relative rank order of potency: chicken VIP (cVIP) > or = PACAP38 approximately PACAP27 approximately guinea pig VIP (gpVIP) > or = mammalian (human/rat/porcine) VIP (mVIP) > peptide histidine-methionine (PHM) > peptide histidine-isoleucine (PHI) > secretin.	histidine-isoleucine	359-379	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	91-94
15177926-4	2004	Firstly, we found that ICV injections of PACAP and VIP increased plasma corticosterone concentrations.	Corticosterone	72-86	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	51-54
15158130-7	2004	PACAP38, PACAP27, chicken VIP and, to a lesser extent, mammalian VIP potently stimulated cyclic AMP formation in turkey cerebral cortical slices in a concentration-dependent manner, displaying EC50 values of 8.7 nM (PACAP38), 21.3 nM (PACAP27), 67.4 nM (chicken VIP), and 202 nM (mammalian VIP).	Cyclic AMP	89-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	26-29
15158130-7	2004	PACAP38, PACAP27, chicken VIP and, to a lesser extent, mammalian VIP potently stimulated cyclic AMP formation in turkey cerebral cortical slices in a concentration-dependent manner, displaying EC50 values of 8.7 nM (PACAP38), 21.3 nM (PACAP27), 67.4 nM (chicken VIP), and 202 nM (mammalian VIP).	Cyclic AMP	89-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	65-68
12794310-7	2003	It has been concluded that in the chick brain, PACAP and cVIP stimulate cAMP biosynthesis via PAC1 and VPAC-type receptors, respectively, and PACAP6-27 seems to be the most potent, yet PACAP/VIP receptor-nonselective antagonist.	Cyclic AMP	72-76	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	58-61
12794309-5	2003	About 60% of [125I]-VIP-binding sites in chick cerebral cortex were sensitive to Gpp(NH)p, a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP.	Guanosine Triphosphate	119-122	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	20-23
12794310-0	2003	Antagonism of VIP-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in chick brain.	Cyclic AMP	29-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	14-17
11029551-0	2000	VIP enhances the differentiation of retinal pigment epithelium in culture: from cAMP and pp60(c-src) to melanogenesis and development of fluid transport capacity.	Cyclic AMP	80-84	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-3
11384207-1	2001	In early reports on 125I-VIP binding experiments in liver membranes, it has been proposed that, the VIP binding sites were partially sensitive to GTP.	Guanosine Triphosphate	146-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
11384207-1	2001	In early reports on 125I-VIP binding experiments in liver membranes, it has been proposed that, the VIP binding sites were partially sensitive to GTP.	Guanosine Triphosphate	146-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	100-103
11384207-4	2001	In GppNHp-treated membranes, the GTP-insensitive VIP binding sites displayed a 17-fold higher relative affinity than in control membranes for the VIP analogue PHI.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	3-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	49-52
11384207-4	2001	In GppNHp-treated membranes, the GTP-insensitive VIP binding sites displayed a 17-fold higher relative affinity than in control membranes for the VIP analogue PHI.	Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate	3-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	146-149
11384207-4	2001	In GppNHp-treated membranes, the GTP-insensitive VIP binding sites displayed a 17-fold higher relative affinity than in control membranes for the VIP analogue PHI.	Guanosine Triphosphate	33-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	49-52
11384207-4	2001	In GppNHp-treated membranes, the GTP-insensitive VIP binding sites displayed a 17-fold higher relative affinity than in control membranes for the VIP analogue PHI.	Guanosine Triphosphate	33-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	146-149
11384207-5	2001	Such data suggested that GTP-insensitive VIP receptors may correspond to a subclass of high-affinity PHI receptors.	Guanosine Triphosphate	25-28	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	41-44
12020847-5	2002	VIP receptor antagonists only slightly inhibited PACAP-stimulated melatonin release.	Melatonin	66-75	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-3
12020847-6	2002	Simultaneous addition of VIP and PACAP produced almost additive melatonin release.	Melatonin	64-73	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
11959414-2	2002	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.5-5 microM) weakly enhanced IPs accumulation in chick hypothalamus, had no significant action in chick cerebral cortex (in fact there was a tendency to attenuate the IPs response in this tissue), and slightly, but significantly, inhibited the IPs accumulation in rat cerebral cortex.	Inositol Phosphates	66-69	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
11959414-2	2002	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.5-5 microM) weakly enhanced IPs accumulation in chick hypothalamus, had no significant action in chick cerebral cortex (in fact there was a tendency to attenuate the IPs response in this tissue), and slightly, but significantly, inhibited the IPs accumulation in rat cerebral cortex.	Inositol Phosphates	204-207	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
11959414-2	2002	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP; 0.5-5 microM) weakly enhanced IPs accumulation in chick hypothalamus, had no significant action in chick cerebral cortex (in fact there was a tendency to attenuate the IPs response in this tissue), and slightly, but significantly, inhibited the IPs accumulation in rat cerebral cortex.	Inositol Phosphates	204-207	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
11121878-2	2001	In four tested biological systems, the chicken VIP appeared to be significantly more potent in evoking cyclic AMP response than its mammalian counterpart, the differences were more pronounced in the chick tissues, particularly in the hypothalamus, where the mammalian peptide produced only weak (but significant) effect at the highest used dose, i.e. 3 microM.	Cyclic AMP	103-113	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	47-50
11334241-0	2000	Effects of neuropeptides of the secretin/VIP/PACAP family on cyclic AMP formation in the chick hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.	Cyclic AMP	61-71	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	41-44
11029551-5	2000	In cultured RPE cells, VIP is the one most effective stimulator of the cAMP signaling pathway among a long list of neurotransmitters and modulators tested.	Cyclic AMP	71-75	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
11029551-6	2000	For example, VIP, at 1 microM, stimulates the intracellular cAMP to 80-100- and 20-fold in 3 min in RPE cells cultured from chick embryos and adult human donor eyes, respectively.	Cyclic AMP	60-64	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	13-16
11029551-8	2000	VIP stimulates both overall phosphorylation at unknown sites and phosphotyrosine dephosphorylation in pp60(c-src).	Phosphotyrosine	65-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-3
9789791-0	1998	A synergistic interaction between histamine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cyclic AMP production in the chick pineal gland.	Cyclic AMP	87-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	48-77
10974664-2	2000	Using an in situ saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated that exogenous administration of chicken VIP or human PACAP-27 caused a dose-dependent increase in adrenaline secretion; noradrenaline secretion was unaffected.	Sodium Chloride	17-23	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	131-134
10974664-3	2000	Analysis of dose-response curves indicated that VIP and PACAP stimulated the secretion of adrenaline with a similar degree of potency (ED(50) for VIP=1.90x10(-11) mol/kg; ED(50) for PACAP=1.03x10(-11) mol/kg).	Epinephrine	90-100	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	48-51
10974664-3	2000	Analysis of dose-response curves indicated that VIP and PACAP stimulated the secretion of adrenaline with a similar degree of potency (ED(50) for VIP=1.90x10(-11) mol/kg; ED(50) for PACAP=1.03x10(-11) mol/kg).	Epinephrine	90-100	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	146-149
10974664-4	2000	The VIP/PACAP-elicited secretion was diminished in the presence of the VIP receptor antagonist, VIP 6-28, but was unaffected by the PACAP receptor antagonist, PACAP 6-27, or the cholinergic antagonists, hexamethonium and atropine.	Hexamethonium	203-216	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	4-7
10974664-4	2000	The VIP/PACAP-elicited secretion was diminished in the presence of the VIP receptor antagonist, VIP 6-28, but was unaffected by the PACAP receptor antagonist, PACAP 6-27, or the cholinergic antagonists, hexamethonium and atropine.	Atropine	221-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	4-7
10974664-5	2000	Thus, this is the first study to demonstrate a direct stimulatory role for VIP or PACAP in catecholamine secretion from piscine chromaffin cells.	Catecholamines	91-104	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	75-78
10974664-9	2000	Overall, the results of the present investigation demonstrate that VIP and/or PACAP may directly stimulate adrenaline secretion from trout chromaffin cells at low levels of neuronal activity.	chromaffin	139-149	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	67-70
10350575-3	1999	In the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, the rank-order of both PACAP forms and VIP in evoking the cyclic AMP response was: PACAP38 approximately PACAP27>>VIP, suggesting the presence in the tested tissues of PAC1 receptors.	Cyclic AMP	99-109	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	80-83
10350575-3	1999	In the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, the rank-order of both PACAP forms and VIP in evoking the cyclic AMP response was: PACAP38 approximately PACAP27>>VIP, suggesting the presence in the tested tissues of PAC1 receptors.	Cyclic AMP	99-109	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	161-164
9716568-6	1998	Perifusion with dopamine (DA; 10 and 100 nmol/min) in incubating hens stimulated VIP release in a dose-dependent manner.	Dopamine	16-24	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	81-84
9716568-6	1998	Perifusion with dopamine (DA; 10 and 100 nmol/min) in incubating hens stimulated VIP release in a dose-dependent manner.	Dopamine	26-28	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	81-84
9789791-0	1998	A synergistic interaction between histamine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on cyclic AMP production in the chick pineal gland.	Cyclic AMP	87-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	79-82
9789791-1	1998	The effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and histamine, alone and in combination, on cyclic AMP formation have been studied in selected tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) of chick.	Cyclic AMP	95-105	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	46-49
9789791-2	1998	VIP strongly stimulated cyclic AMP production in the pineal gland, moderately in the retina (maintained in "eye-cup" preparations), and had no effect in cerebral cortical slices.	Cyclic AMP	24-34	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-3
9789791-6	1998	A combination of VIP and histamine produced the cyclic AMP response in the pineal gland clearly more than additive; such a synergistic interaction was antagonized by aminopotentidine, an accepted in mammals H2-histamine receptor blocker.	Cyclic AMP	48-58	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	17-20
9789791-6	1998	A combination of VIP and histamine produced the cyclic AMP response in the pineal gland clearly more than additive; such a synergistic interaction was antagonized by aminopotentidine, an accepted in mammals H2-histamine receptor blocker.	aminopotentidine	166-182	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	17-20
9568378-0	1998	Effects of protein kinase A inhibitor (H-89) on VIP- and GRF-induced release and mRNA expression of prolactin and growth hormone in the chicken pituitary gland.	N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide	39-43	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	48-51
9639281-7	1998	The selective VIP1/PACAP receptor agonists [R16]chicken secretin (1-25) and [K15, R16, L27]VIP(1-7)/growth hormone releasing factor(8-27) were significantly more potent than the selective VIP2/PACAP receptor agonist RO 25-1553 in stimulating melatonin secretion.	Melatonin	242-251	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	14-17
9568378-1	1998	Vasoactive intestine polypeptide (VIP) and growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) stimulated an increase of cAMP accumulation with a concomitant release of PRL and GH, respectively.	Cyclic AMP	107-111	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	34-37
8207470-0	1994	VIP modulates neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function by a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism.	Cyclic AMP	70-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-3
9496716-8	1998	The responses to chicken VIP (chVIP) or sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), a NO donor, are TTX resistant whereas that to ATP is blocked by TTX.	Tetrodotoxin	85-88	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
9496716-8	1998	The responses to chicken VIP (chVIP) or sodium nitroprusside (NaNP), a NO donor, are TTX resistant whereas that to ATP is blocked by TTX.	Tetrodotoxin	133-136	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
7540547-5	1995	Synthetic frog VIP produced a dose-dependent increase in cAMP concentration in frog anterior pituitary fragments.	Cyclic AMP	57-61	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	15-18
7540547-7	1995	The increases in cAMP concentrations produced by maximal doses of PACAP (10(-5) M) and VIP (10(-5) M) were not additive.	Cyclic AMP	17-21	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	87-90
7741049-3	1995	After stimulation with VIP, ISO, NaF, and FSK, a concentration dependent increase in cAMP level was observed.	Sodium Fluoride	33-36	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
7741049-3	1995	After stimulation with VIP, ISO, NaF, and FSK, a concentration dependent increase in cAMP level was observed.	Colforsin	42-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
7741049-3	1995	After stimulation with VIP, ISO, NaF, and FSK, a concentration dependent increase in cAMP level was observed.	Cyclic AMP	85-89	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
7741049-4	1995	Addition of A23187 activated VIP and ISO stimulated cAMP production.	Calcimycin	12-18	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	29-32
7890166-1	1995	Mammalian pre-pro-vasoactive intestinal peptide (pre-proVIP) gives rise to the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI).	histidine isoleucine amide	141-167	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	18-47
7890166-1	1995	Mammalian pre-pro-vasoactive intestinal peptide (pre-proVIP) gives rise to the neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI).	histidine isoleucine amide	141-167	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	56-59
7534388-6	1994	The present study provides evidence that nitric oxide colocates with VIP and galanin in the chicken pancreas.	Nitric Oxide	41-53	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	69-72
8954759-2	1996	Serotonin (5-HT) was recently shown to stimulate PRL secretion through VIP.	Serotonin	0-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	71-74
8546816-6	1995	In situ hybridisation with an oligonucleotide probe from the VIP cDNA sequence showed that VIP-encoding mRNA occurs in cells in the basal hypothalamus, an area of the brain known to contain VIP neurosecretory neurones.	Oligonucleotides	30-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	61-64
8546816-6	1995	In situ hybridisation with an oligonucleotide probe from the VIP cDNA sequence showed that VIP-encoding mRNA occurs in cells in the basal hypothalamus, an area of the brain known to contain VIP neurosecretory neurones.	Oligonucleotides	30-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	91-94
8546816-6	1995	In situ hybridisation with an oligonucleotide probe from the VIP cDNA sequence showed that VIP-encoding mRNA occurs in cells in the basal hypothalamus, an area of the brain known to contain VIP neurosecretory neurones.	Oligonucleotides	30-45	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	91-94
7657158-5	1995	These results indicate that gene expression of PRL and GH in response to VIP and GRF, respectively, is localized to specific lobes of the anterior pituitary gland, but that they may share, in part, a common second messenger pathway, namely, cAMP.	Cyclic AMP	241-245	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	73-76
7781967-2	1995	The primary structure of VIP from both species was the same: His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr10- Ser-Arg-Phe-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys20-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Val- Leu-Thr.	Histidine	61-64	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
7781967-2	1995	The primary structure of VIP from both species was the same: His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr10- Ser-Arg-Phe-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys20-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Val- Leu-Thr.	Serine	65-68	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
7781967-2	1995	The primary structure of VIP from both species was the same: His-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asp-Asn-Tyr10- Ser-Arg-Phe-Arg-Lys-Gln-Met-Ala-Val-Lys20-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asn-Ser-Val- Leu-Thr.	Aspartic Acid	69-72	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
8926637-3	1995	A23187 had no effect on the basal cAMP level, or the NaF- and FSK-stimulated responses for cAMP level; but A23187 potentiated VIP- and ISO-stimulated cAMP responses.	Calcimycin	107-113	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	126-129
8926637-4	1995	Calmodulin antagonist (W-7) was very effective in inhibiting the potentiating effects of A23187 on VIP and ISO-stimulated production of cAMP.	W 7	23-26	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	99-102
8926637-4	1995	Calmodulin antagonist (W-7) was very effective in inhibiting the potentiating effects of A23187 on VIP and ISO-stimulated production of cAMP.	Calcimycin	89-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	99-102
7804849-9	1994	Application of 100 nM vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neurohormone that stimulates melatonin secretion from pineal cells, induced a sustained increase in intracellular free Ca2+ in a subpopulation of cells.	Melatonin	90-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	53-56
8207470-3	1994	We have now identified vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) as a neuromodulator or "first messenger" in the cAMP-mediated pathway that regulates neuronal AChRs.	Cyclic AMP	107-111	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	54-57
8207470-4	1994	Using cAMP imaging and biochemical detection assays, we find that bath application of VIP elevates intracellular cAMP in freshly isolated ciliary ganglion neurons within minutes.	Cyclic AMP	6-10	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	86-89
8207470-4	1994	Using cAMP imaging and biochemical detection assays, we find that bath application of VIP elevates intracellular cAMP in freshly isolated ciliary ganglion neurons within minutes.	Cyclic AMP	113-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	86-89
8207470-5	1994	The VIP treatment also enhances neuronal ACh sensitivity assessed with whole-cell recording.	Acetylcholine	41-44	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	4-7
8207470-6	1994	The enhanced ACh sensitivity produced by VIP appears with a short latency, similar to that associated with the increase in cAMP, and is not additive with the enhanced ACh sensitivity produced by bath application of a cAMP analog.	Acetylcholine	13-16	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	41-44
8207470-6	1994	The enhanced ACh sensitivity produced by VIP appears with a short latency, similar to that associated with the increase in cAMP, and is not additive with the enhanced ACh sensitivity produced by bath application of a cAMP analog.	Cyclic AMP	123-127	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	41-44
8207470-8	1994	The results indicate that VIP enhances the ACh sensitivity of ciliary ganglion neurons via a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, presumably by interaction with a specific receptor.	Acetylcholine	43-46	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	26-29
8207470-8	1994	The results indicate that VIP enhances the ACh sensitivity of ciliary ganglion neurons via a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway, presumably by interaction with a specific receptor.	Cyclic AMP	93-97	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	26-29
1379825-3	1992	Serotonin-immunoreactive paraneurons were first detected in the pulmonary mesenchyma of 8-day-old embryos, while in the 12-day-old embryos the following neurons and paraneurons were first detected in their respective locations: serotonin-immunoreactive paraneurons in the bronchial epithelium; VIP- and galanin-immunoreactive ganglionic cells and SP-immunoreactive nerve fibres in the intrapulmonary ganglia.	Serotonin	0-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	294-298
7902953-1	1993	The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) increases the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, in cultured chicken sympathetic neurons.	Catecholamines	158-172	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	52-55
1655501-3	1991	A 1.9- to 2.6-fold stimulation in secretion of molecules with MW greater than 10 kDa precipitable by 10% trichloroacetic acid was observed after treatment with 1 microM VIP for 15 min.	Trichloroacetic Acid	105-125	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	169-172
1551148-4	1992	Treatment with the maximally effective concentrations of VIP for 10 days increases the cell numbers and the melanin contents to 150% and 200% of the controls, respectively.	Melanins	108-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	57-60
1551148-5	1992	The lowest concentrations of VIP showing significant stimulatory effect on cell proliferation and melanin synthesis are 5 x 10(-11) M and 5 x 10(-9)M, respectively.	Melanins	98-105	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	29-32
1682192-4	1991	Forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, mimics all the effects of VIP on these cells.	Colforsin	0-9	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	72-75
1682192-6	1991	Furthermore, VIP induces a rapid increase in the intracellular cAMP levels.	Cyclic AMP	63-67	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	13-16
1682192-7	1991	Thus VIP acts via a cAMP-dependent pathway to enhance the cholinergic and noradrenergic properties of cultured chick sympathetic neurons.	Cyclic AMP	20-24	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	5-8
1655501-4	1991	The effect of 1 microM VIP was mimicked by 10 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and attenuated by dopamine (1 x 10(-4) M), while colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and monensin, all at 1 microM, had no effect.	Bucladesine	53-73	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
1655501-4	1991	The effect of 1 microM VIP was mimicked by 10 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and attenuated by dopamine (1 x 10(-4) M), while colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and monensin, all at 1 microM, had no effect.	Dopamine	92-100	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
1655501-4	1991	The effect of 1 microM VIP was mimicked by 10 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and attenuated by dopamine (1 x 10(-4) M), while colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and monensin, all at 1 microM, had no effect.	Colchicine	123-133	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
1655501-4	1991	The effect of 1 microM VIP was mimicked by 10 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and attenuated by dopamine (1 x 10(-4) M), while colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and monensin, all at 1 microM, had no effect.	Lumicolchicines	135-154	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
1655501-4	1991	The effect of 1 microM VIP was mimicked by 10 microM dibutyryl cyclic AMP and attenuated by dopamine (1 x 10(-4) M), while colchicine, beta-lumicolchicine, and monensin, all at 1 microM, had no effect.	Monensin	160-168	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	23-26
1653851-4	1991	Forskolin (10 microM) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 3 microM) increased cellular levels of cyclic AMP 8- and 3-fold, respectively, either in the absence or presence of electrical stimulation.	Cyclic AMP	105-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	26-59
1653851-4	1991	Forskolin (10 microM) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 3 microM) increased cellular levels of cyclic AMP 8- and 3-fold, respectively, either in the absence or presence of electrical stimulation.	Cyclic AMP	105-115	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	61-64
1653910-1	1991	Here we report that chicken pineal membranes express high affinity receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), as revealed by competitive displacement analysis of [3-iodotyrosyl-125I]-VIP by native VIP.	3-iodotyrosyl-125i	171-189	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	81-110
1653910-1	1991	Here we report that chicken pineal membranes express high affinity receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), as revealed by competitive displacement analysis of [3-iodotyrosyl-125I]-VIP by native VIP.	3-iodotyrosyl-125i	171-189	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	112-115
1653910-1	1991	Here we report that chicken pineal membranes express high affinity receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), as revealed by competitive displacement analysis of [3-iodotyrosyl-125I]-VIP by native VIP.	3-iodotyrosyl-125i	171-189	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	191-194
1653910-1	1991	Here we report that chicken pineal membranes express high affinity receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), as revealed by competitive displacement analysis of [3-iodotyrosyl-125I]-VIP by native VIP.	3-iodotyrosyl-125i	171-189	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	191-194
1653910-2	1991	These binding sites were further characterized by covalent cross-linking of radioiodinated VIP to chicken pineal cell membranes, using dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate) as a cross-linking reagent.	dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate)	135-168	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	91-94
12106158-6	1989	Intrathecal administration of colchicine increased the number of CGRP-IR motoneurons at days 7 and 30 after hatching and of VIP-IR ones at day 7, while at day 30 no expression of VIP-LI was found.	Colchicine	30-40	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	124-127
34207786-8	2021	In cultured chicken pituitary cells, we found that LY344864 could significantly inhibit the secretion of PRL stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or forskolin, revealing that HTR1F might be involved in the release of prolactin in chicken.	LY 344864	51-59	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	123-152
34207786-8	2021	In cultured chicken pituitary cells, we found that LY344864 could significantly inhibit the secretion of PRL stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or forskolin, revealing that HTR1F might be involved in the release of prolactin in chicken.	LY 344864	51-59	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	154-157
2477231-2	1989	Immunocytochemical and physiological response experiments were performed to investigate whether 1) immunoreactive VIP fibers innervated the avian pineal gland; 2) VIP had a specific effect on melatonin release that was mediated by cAMP stimulation; and 3) alpha 2-adrenergic signal transduction was associated with a reduction in cAMP levels.	Cyclic AMP	231-235	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	163-166
2477231-2	1989	Immunocytochemical and physiological response experiments were performed to investigate whether 1) immunoreactive VIP fibers innervated the avian pineal gland; 2) VIP had a specific effect on melatonin release that was mediated by cAMP stimulation; and 3) alpha 2-adrenergic signal transduction was associated with a reduction in cAMP levels.	Cyclic AMP	330-334	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	163-166
2477231-4	1989	Treatment of dispersed chick pineal cell cultures with VIP stimulated melatonin release (maximum 6-fold increase; EC50 = 1.8 nM) when administered during the 12-h light period of a 12-h light, 12-h dark cycle.	Melatonin	70-79	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	55-58
2477231-6	1989	The effect of VIP was mediated by a time- and dose-dependent increase in cAMP accumulation (maximum 4-fold increase).	Cyclic AMP	73-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	14-17
2477231-9	1989	Collectively, these results demonstrate the presence and functional significance of VIP in the avian pineal gland, and the interaction of VIP and norepinephrine at the level of cAMP in the regulation of melatonin biosynthesis.	Melatonin	203-212	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	138-141
1697888-3	1990	The present experiments show that chick pineal cells in primary culture do, however, respond to VIP with increased melatonin production.	Melatonin	115-124	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	96-99
1697888-4	1990	The effect of VIP was inhibited by addition of norepinephrine or of nitrendipine or by exposing the cells to "unexpected" white light.	Norepinephrine	47-61	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	14-17
1697888-4	1990	The effect of VIP was inhibited by addition of norepinephrine or of nitrendipine or by exposing the cells to "unexpected" white light.	Nitrendipine	68-80	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	14-17
1697888-5	1990	Stimulation by VIP was enhanced by addition of forskolin or Bay K 8644 but not by alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulations.	Colforsin	47-56	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	15-18
1697888-5	1990	Stimulation by VIP was enhanced by addition of forskolin or Bay K 8644 but not by alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulations.	bay k	60-65	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	15-18
2477231-1	1989	Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has been shown to stimulate melatonin synthesis in mammalian pineal; however, a regulatory role for VIP in the avian pineal has not been explored.	Melatonin	68-77	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	35-38
2477231-2	1989	Immunocytochemical and physiological response experiments were performed to investigate whether 1) immunoreactive VIP fibers innervated the avian pineal gland; 2) VIP had a specific effect on melatonin release that was mediated by cAMP stimulation; and 3) alpha 2-adrenergic signal transduction was associated with a reduction in cAMP levels.	Melatonin	192-201	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	163-166
12106158-6	1989	Intrathecal administration of colchicine increased the number of CGRP-IR motoneurons at days 7 and 30 after hatching and of VIP-IR ones at day 7, while at day 30 no expression of VIP-LI was found.	Colchicine	30-40	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	179-182
2626856-10	1989	These observations suggest that VIP containing nerves in the chicken pancreas have an intrinsic origin, are probably derived from VIP immunoreactive, intrapancreatic ganglion cells and innervate secretory ducts, arteries, acinar cells and B-islets, and that VIP must coexist with acetylcholine in the nervous elements.	Acetylcholine	280-293	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	32-35
2538334-11	1989	When cultures react with VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), the elevated intracellular cyclic AMP is extruded into the medium bathing the cells.	Cyclic AMP	89-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
2538334-11	1989	When cultures react with VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), the elevated intracellular cyclic AMP is extruded into the medium bathing the cells.	Cyclic AMP	89-99	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	30-59
6347571-3	1983	The present study demonstrated that synthetic chicken VIP induces significant increases in pancreatic blood flow, pancreaticobiliary secretion, and blood levels of insulin and glucose in dogs.	Glucose	176-183	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	54-57
2466062-2	1988	By using colchicine treatment, populations of neurons containing either SP or VIP was observed in several regions of the spinal cord.	Colchicine	9-19	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	78-81
3197943-2	1988	Basal and VIP-induced PRL release of cells from laying hens were diminished (P less than 0.05) when the cells were cultured for 48 hr in the presence of charcoal-stripped laying hen serum, but not when the cells were cultured in the presence of whole laying hen serum.	Charcoal	153-161	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	10-13
3197943-5	1988	The presence of E2 enhanced (P less than 0.05) the magnitude of the VIP-induced PRL release by cultures of cells from laying hens and diminished (P less than 0.05) the magnitude of this release in cultures of cells from immature hens.	Estradiol	16-18	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	68-71
3197943-9	1988	The VIP-induced PRL release by cells derived from immature and laying hens was diminished (P less than 0.05) by the presence of T. Prolactin release in the turkey is likely modulated by gonadal steroids acting directly on the cells of the anterior pituitary.	Steroids	194-202	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	4-7
6092540-1	1984	Both vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and glucagon rapidly elevated cyclic AMP levels in embryonic chick retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), in culture as well as in freshly dissected tissue.	Cyclic AMP	71-81	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	36-39
6092540-3	1984	After 3 min of reaction, VIP elevated intracellular cyclic AMP by 100-fold; elevation with glucagon was up to 10-fold.	Cyclic AMP	52-62	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
6092540-5	1984	Glucagon showed a half-maximal activity of 1 X 10(-8) M. VIP remained more effective than glucagon in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity, but the dose-response curve was shifted to a higher concentration range when compared to that of the VIP-elevated intracellular cyclic AMP.	Glucagon	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	57-60
6092540-5	1984	Glucagon showed a half-maximal activity of 1 X 10(-8) M. VIP remained more effective than glucagon in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity, but the dose-response curve was shifted to a higher concentration range when compared to that of the VIP-elevated intracellular cyclic AMP.	Glucagon	0-8	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	243-246
6092540-5	1984	Glucagon showed a half-maximal activity of 1 X 10(-8) M. VIP remained more effective than glucagon in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity, but the dose-response curve was shifted to a higher concentration range when compared to that of the VIP-elevated intracellular cyclic AMP.	Cyclic AMP	270-280	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	57-60
6327914-1	1984	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and, to a lesser extent, glucagon were found to increase intracellular cyclic AMP rapidly in cultured glial (Muller) cells of the chick embryo retina.	Cyclic AMP	107-117	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	31-34
6327914-2	1984	Although VIP elicited higher cyclic AMP accumulation than glucagon at each concentration tested, the half-maximal concentrations were similar, i.e., 6 X 10(-8) M for VIP and 8 X 10(-8) M for glucagon.	Cyclic AMP	29-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	9-12
2837329-9	1988	Affinities of unlabeled pVIP analogues to compete for these binding sites were as follows: pVIP greater than PHI greater than pVIP antagonist greater than secretion greater than pVIP (10-28) greater than chicken VIP (16-28).	pvip	91-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
2837329-9	1988	Affinities of unlabeled pVIP analogues to compete for these binding sites were as follows: pVIP greater than PHI greater than pVIP antagonist greater than secretion greater than pVIP (10-28) greater than chicken VIP (16-28).	pvip	91-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
2837329-9	1988	Affinities of unlabeled pVIP analogues to compete for these binding sites were as follows: pVIP greater than PHI greater than pVIP antagonist greater than secretion greater than pVIP (10-28) greater than chicken VIP (16-28).	pvip	91-95	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	25-28
2451937-2	1988	Vasoactive intestinal peptide, but not avian pancreatic polypeptide, the chicken VIP fragment (16-28) or the VIP congener, PHM-27, induced a dose-related increase in progesterone and androgen secretion, with an apparent median effective dose (ED50) of 5.9 X 10(-7) and 5.7 X 10(-7) M, respectively.	Progesterone	166-178	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	0-29
2451937-3	1988	The effects of VIP were, at least in part, mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system in that cotreatment of cells with VIP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), potentiated the steroidogenic effects.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	158-185	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	15-18
2451937-3	1988	The effects of VIP were, at least in part, mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system in that cotreatment of cells with VIP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), potentiated the steroidogenic effects.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	158-185	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	117-120
2451937-3	1988	The effects of VIP were, at least in part, mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system in that cotreatment of cells with VIP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), potentiated the steroidogenic effects.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	187-191	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	15-18
2451937-3	1988	The effects of VIP were, at least in part, mediated by the adenylyl cyclase system in that cotreatment of cells with VIP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), potentiated the steroidogenic effects.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	187-191	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	117-120
2451937-4	1988	However, the time course of action for VIP on steroidogenesis was considerably slower than that for the gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and this was attributed to a slower induction of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) formation within granulosa cells.	Cyclic AMP	193-229	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	39-42
2451937-4	1988	However, the time course of action for VIP on steroidogenesis was considerably slower than that for the gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and this was attributed to a slower induction of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate (cAMP) formation within granulosa cells.	Cyclic AMP	231-235	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	39-42
2451937-5	1988	Finally, VIP was found to be a potent inhibitor of PA activity, and this inhibition was potentiated by coincubation of VIP with IBMX.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	128-132	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	9-12
2451937-5	1988	Finally, VIP was found to be a potent inhibitor of PA activity, and this inhibition was potentiated by coincubation of VIP with IBMX.	1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine	128-132	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	119-122
2451937-7	1988	The comparatively slow induction of cAMP formation by VIP suggests that this peptide is involved in the control of cell differentiation and development rather than the ovulatory process.	Cyclic AMP	36-40	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	54-57
2881734-2	1987	As compared to secretory levels during saline infusion, CCK significantly stimulated biliary flow and biliverdin concentration in bile; VIP significantly depressed biliverdin concentration but enhanced bicarbonate secretion in both pancreatic and biliary secretions, and also increased total pancreatic flow.	Biliverdine	164-174	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	136-139
2881734-2	1987	As compared to secretory levels during saline infusion, CCK significantly stimulated biliary flow and biliverdin concentration in bile; VIP significantly depressed biliverdin concentration but enhanced bicarbonate secretion in both pancreatic and biliary secretions, and also increased total pancreatic flow.	Bicarbonates	202-213	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	136-139
6131369-7	1983	At doses 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, 20-min infusions of synthetic porcine or chicken VIP elicited a significant increase in corticosterone and aldosterone production by perifused frog adrenals, in a dose-dependent manner.	Corticosterone	118-132	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	79-82
6131369-7	1983	At doses 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, 20-min infusions of synthetic porcine or chicken VIP elicited a significant increase in corticosterone and aldosterone production by perifused frog adrenals, in a dose-dependent manner.	Aldosterone	137-148	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	79-82
7118383-1	1982	The octacosapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of chicken vasoactive peptide (VIP) was assembled on a p-benzyloxybenzylamine resin support using the base-labile 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl as N alpha-protecting group, cleaved by mild acid treatment, and purified by gel-filtration and ion-exchange chromatography.	Amides	20-25	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Gallus gallus	105-108