PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	Tetrodotoxin	103-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	Tetrodotoxin	103-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid	116-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid	116-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione	135-139	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
20861370-3	2010	Orexin B (1 muM) induced depolarization in orexin neurons, which was still observed in the presence of TTX (1 muM), AP-5 (50 muM), and CNQX (20 muM).	6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione	135-139	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
20861370-4	2010	In addition, orexin B induced inward currents in the presence of TTX, suggesting a direct activation of orexin neurons.	Tetrodotoxin	65-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-21
20861370-4	2010	In addition, orexin B induced inward currents in the presence of TTX, suggesting a direct activation of orexin neurons.	Tetrodotoxin	65-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
19915095-0	2010	The modulation of orexin A on HCN currents of pyramidal neurons in mouse prelimbic cortex.	Hydrogen Cyanide	30-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-26
20547681-2	2010	Hypothalamic orexin neurons are CO(2) sensitive in vitro, prepro-orexin knockout mice have a reduced CO(2) response prominently in wakefulness, and focal antagonism of the orexin receptor 1 (OX(1)R) in two central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) or the medullary raphe, results in a reduction of the CO(2) response predominately in wakefulness (-30% and -16%, respectively).	co(2)	32-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
20547681-2	2010	Hypothalamic orexin neurons are CO(2) sensitive in vitro, prepro-orexin knockout mice have a reduced CO(2) response prominently in wakefulness, and focal antagonism of the orexin receptor 1 (OX(1)R) in two central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) or the medullary raphe, results in a reduction of the CO(2) response predominately in wakefulness (-30% and -16%, respectively).	co(2)	101-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	58-71
20547681-2	2010	Hypothalamic orexin neurons are CO(2) sensitive in vitro, prepro-orexin knockout mice have a reduced CO(2) response prominently in wakefulness, and focal antagonism of the orexin receptor 1 (OX(1)R) in two central chemoreceptor sites, the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) or the medullary raphe, results in a reduction of the CO(2) response predominately in wakefulness (-30% and -16%, respectively).	co(2)	101-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	58-71
20547681-3	2010	Here we hypothesize that acute and selective inhibition of both orexin receptors (OX(1)R and OX(2)R) at all central locations by an orally administered dual orexin receptor antagonist, almorexant, will substantially attenuate the CO(2) response in a vigilance-state- and diurnal-cycle-dependent manner.	co(2)	230-235	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-70
19915095-6	2010	The excitatory effect of orexin A on PL pyramidal neurons was enhanced when HCN currents were diminished, while attenuated when HCN currents were enlarged.	Hydrogen Cyanide	128-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-33
19915095-3	2010	In the present study, using whole-cell voltage clamp recordings, the effect of an arousal peptide, orexin A, on HCN currents in layer V pyramidal neurons from mouse prelimbic cortex (PL), the homolog of the prefrontal cortex was investigated.	Hydrogen Cyanide	112-115	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-107
19915095-7	2010	In summary, orexin A inhibits HCN currents and enhances excitability of pyramidal neurons in PL, which may contribute to arousal and cognition.	Hydrogen Cyanide	30-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-20
19915095-4	2010	The results demonstrated that orexin A suppressed HCN currents and shifted their activation curve to a more negative direction.	Hydrogen Cyanide	50-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	30-38
19915095-5	2010	This action of orexin A was blocked by SB334867, an orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) blocker and bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, indicating the involvement of OXR1 and PKC.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	39-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
19915095-5	2010	This action of orexin A was blocked by SB334867, an orexin receptor 1 (OXR1) blocker and bisindolylmaleimide, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, indicating the involvement of OXR1 and PKC.	bisindolylmaleimide	89-108	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
19915095-6	2010	The excitatory effect of orexin A on PL pyramidal neurons was enhanced when HCN currents were diminished, while attenuated when HCN currents were enlarged.	Hydrogen Cyanide	76-79	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-33
19945404-0	2009	Hypothalamic orexin stimulates feeding-associated glucose utilization in skeletal muscle via sympathetic nervous system.	Glucose	50-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
19703479-5	2010	In the present study, locomotor activity in a novel environment and dopamine turnover was significantly decreased in orexin-deficient mice compared to WT mice, which suggests that psychostimulants may be useful for maintaining wakefulness in orexin deficiency.	Dopamine	68-76	hypocretin	Mus musculus	117-123
19703479-7	2010	The hyperlocomotion induced by methamphetamine and methylphenidate was lower, whereas that induced by MDMA was higher in orexin KO mice compared to WT mice.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	102-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
20034477-0	2010	Orexin mediates morphine place preference, but not morphine-induced hyperactivity or sensitization.	Morphine	16-24	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
20034477-2	2010	Here, we investigated orexin"s contribution to morphine-induced behavioral sensitization and place preference.	Morphine	47-55	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
20034477-4	2010	C57BL/6J mice received the orexin receptor 1 (Ox1r) antagonist, SB-334867, prior to test sessions.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	64-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
19489767-3	2010	In addition, a new functional role of orexin is emerging in the regulation of insulin and leptin sensitivities responsible for whole-body glucose metabolism.	Glucose	138-145	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
19945404-2	2009	We show that injection of orexin-A into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of mice or rats increased glucose uptake and promoted insulin-induced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not in white adipose tissue, by activating the sympathetic nervous system.	Glucose	102-109	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
19945404-2	2009	We show that injection of orexin-A into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of mice or rats increased glucose uptake and promoted insulin-induced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not in white adipose tissue, by activating the sympathetic nervous system.	Glucose	146-153	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
19945404-2	2009	We show that injection of orexin-A into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of mice or rats increased glucose uptake and promoted insulin-induced glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle, but not in white adipose tissue, by activating the sympathetic nervous system.	Glycogen	165-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
19923277-6	2009	These data indicate that Ox, but not HA, promotes W through enhanced locomotion and suggest that HA and Ox neurons exert a distinct, but complementary and synergistic control of W: the neuropeptide being more involved in its behavioral aspects, whereas the amine is mainly responsible for its qualitative cognitive aspects and cortical EEG activation.	Amines	257-262	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-27
19809293-11	2009	Microinjection of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867-A during the active period slowed firing rates of locus coeruleus neurons in halothane-anesthetized rats, but had no effect on isoflurane-anesthetized rats.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	51-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
19923277-6	2009	These data indicate that Ox, but not HA, promotes W through enhanced locomotion and suggest that HA and Ox neurons exert a distinct, but complementary and synergistic control of W: the neuropeptide being more involved in its behavioral aspects, whereas the amine is mainly responsible for its qualitative cognitive aspects and cortical EEG activation.	Amines	257-262	hypocretin	Mus musculus	104-106
19809293-11	2009	Microinjection of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB-334867-A during the active period slowed firing rates of locus coeruleus neurons in halothane-anesthetized rats, but had no effect on isoflurane-anesthetized rats.	Halothane	138-147	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
19809293-14	2009	Normal emergence from halothane-induced hypnosis in orexin-deficient mice suggests that additional wake-promoting systems likely remain active during general anesthesia produced by halothane.	Halothane	22-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-58
19750917-1	2009	STUDY OBJECTIVES: The orexin-producing neurons are hypothesized to be essential for the circadian control of sleep/wake behavior, but it remains unknown whether these rhythms are mediated by the orexin peptides or by other signaling molecules released by these neurons such as glutamate or dynorphin.	Glutamic Acid	277-286	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
19809293-14	2009	Normal emergence from halothane-induced hypnosis in orexin-deficient mice suggests that additional wake-promoting systems likely remain active during general anesthesia produced by halothane.	Halothane	181-190	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-58
19623260-4	2009	To identify a potential neuronal circuit, the neurotoxin hypocretin-2-saporin (HCRT2-SAP) was used to lesion neurons in the ventral lateral periaquaductal gray (vlPAG).	hcrt2-sap	79-88	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-67
19623260-6	2009	Indeed, HCRT-ko mice (n = 8) given the neurotoxin HCRT2-SAP (16.5 ng/23nl/sec each side) in the vlPAG had levels of REM sleep and sleep fragmentation that were considerably higher compared to HCRT-ko given saline (+39%; n = 7) or wildtype mice (+177%; n = 9).	Sodium Chloride	206-212	hypocretin	Mus musculus	8-12
19623260-6	2009	Indeed, HCRT-ko mice (n = 8) given the neurotoxin HCRT2-SAP (16.5 ng/23nl/sec each side) in the vlPAG had levels of REM sleep and sleep fragmentation that were considerably higher compared to HCRT-ko given saline (+39%; n = 7) or wildtype mice (+177%; n = 9).	Sodium Chloride	206-212	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-54
19442935-0	2009	CO2 activates orexin-containing neurons in mice.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	0-3	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-20
19508695-2	2009	It was recently proposed that TASK (TWIK-related acid-sensitive potassium) channels [TASK1 (K(2P)3.1) and/or TASK3 (K(2P)9.1)] regulate neuronal firing and may contribute to the specialized responses of orexin neurons to glucose and pH.	Glucose	221-228	hypocretin	Mus musculus	203-209
19508695-6	2009	However, orexin neurons from TASK1/3 knockout mice retained typical responses to glucose and pH, and the knockout animals showed normal food-anticipatory locomotor activity.	Glucose	81-88	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
19663260-11	2009	It has also been observed in mice with orexin deficit produced by molecular genetics that they have a significantly low development of dependency on amphetamine, a relative compound of methylphenidate.	Amphetamine	149-160	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-45
19663260-11	2009	It has also been observed in mice with orexin deficit produced by molecular genetics that they have a significantly low development of dependency on amphetamine, a relative compound of methylphenidate.	Methylphenidate	185-200	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-45
19442935-6	2009	Although current methodology cannot differentiate between direct effect of CO(2) on the orexin-containing neurons and indirect one through other neurons, this is the first report showing that inhalation of CO(2) did activate the orexin-containing neurons in vivo.	co(2)	206-211	hypocretin	Mus musculus	88-94
19442935-6	2009	Although current methodology cannot differentiate between direct effect of CO(2) on the orexin-containing neurons and indirect one through other neurons, this is the first report showing that inhalation of CO(2) did activate the orexin-containing neurons in vivo.	co(2)	206-211	hypocretin	Mus musculus	229-235
19246384-3	2009	In oxGKO brain slices, we show that the absence of GABA(B) receptors decreases the sensitivity of orexin neurons to both excitatory and inhibitory inputs because of augmented GABA(A)-mediated inhibition that increases the membrane conductance and shunts postsynaptic currents in these neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	51-55	hypocretin	Mus musculus	98-104
19751316-4	2009	The antagonist properties of EMPA were determined by Schild analysis using the orexin-A- or orexin-B-induced accumulation of [(3)H]inositol phosphates (IP).	ip	152-154	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-100
19751316-10	2009	EMPA significantly reversed [Ala(11),D-Leu(15)]orexin-B-induced hyperlocomotion dose-dependently during the resting phase in mice.	Alanine	29-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-55
19751316-10	2009	EMPA significantly reversed [Ala(11),D-Leu(15)]orexin-B-induced hyperlocomotion dose-dependently during the resting phase in mice.	D-LEUCINE	37-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-55
19273574-1	2009	Recent data from transgenic mice suggest that orexin plays an important role in the ventilatory response to CO(2) during wakefulness.	co(2)	108-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
19751316-4	2009	The antagonist properties of EMPA were determined by Schild analysis using the orexin-A- or orexin-B-induced accumulation of [(3)H]inositol phosphates (IP).	[(3)h]inositol phosphates	125-150	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-100
19321767-8	2009	In contrast, TRH significantly reduced the frequency, but not amplitude, of miniature excitatory PSCs without affecting miniature inhibitory PSC frequency or amplitude, indicating that TRH also reduces the probability of glutamate release onto Hcrt neurons.	Glutamic Acid	221-230	hypocretin	Mus musculus	244-248
19246384-4	2009	This increase in GABA(A)-mediated inhibitory tone is apparently the result of an orexin receptor type 1-mediated activation of local GABAergic interneurons that project back onto orexin neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	17-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	81-87
19084548-11	2009	UCP1 (p<0.01) and UCP3 (p<0.05) mRNA expressions were greater in risperidone-treated mice compared to controls, whereas, orexin mRNA expression was lower in risperidone-treated mice (p<0.01).	Risperidone	163-174	hypocretin	Mus musculus	127-133
19084548-12	2009	These results suggest that risperidone-induced weight gain in mice is a consequence of increased energy intake and reduced activity, while the elevation in body temperature may be a result of thermogenic effect of food intake and elevated UCP1, UCP3, and a reduced hypothalamic orexin expression.	Risperidone	27-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	278-284
18716204-2	2008	Although the compound is reported to affect multiple neurotransmitter systems such as catecholamines, serotonin, glutamate, GABA, orexin, and histamine, however, the molecular mechanism by which modafinil increases wakefulness is debated.	Modafinil	195-204	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
19193897-8	2009	Hypocretin also enhanced excitatory inputs to POMC cells via a presynaptic mechanism and indirectly increased the release of GABA onto these cells in a spike-dependent manner.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	125-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-10
18952152-12	2008	Moreover, the OX-A-induced increase in neuropeptide Y (NPY)-positive cells in the hilus of the dentate gyrus was blocked by SB-334867.	Antimony	124-126	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-18
18999901-5	2008	Fos/Hcrt co-localizations were processed by employing avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC) complex and diaminobenzidine chromogen for Hcrt labeling.	4,4'-Dihydrazino-biphenyl	97-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-8
18828950-6	2008	Knockout of the orexin gene in mice reduces CO2-induced increases in breathing by approximately 50% and increases the frequency of spontaneous sleep apneas.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	44-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	16-22
18828950-7	2008	The relationship between orexins and breathing may be bidirectional: the rate of breathing controls acid and CO2 levels, and these signals alter the electrical activity of orexin neurons in vitro.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	109-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
18591392-0	2008	Metabolism-independent sugar sensing in central orexin neurons.	Sugars	23-28	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-54
18591392-3	2008	Orexin/hypocretin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus are widely projecting glucose-inhibited cells essential for normal cognitive arousal and feeding behavior.	Glucose	76-83	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
18591392-3	2008	Orexin/hypocretin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus are widely projecting glucose-inhibited cells essential for normal cognitive arousal and feeding behavior.	Glucose	76-83	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-17
18591392-4	2008	Here, we used different sugars, energy metabolites, and pharmacological tools to explore the glucose-sensing strategy of orexin cells.	Sugars	24-30	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
18591392-4	2008	Here, we used different sugars, energy metabolites, and pharmacological tools to explore the glucose-sensing strategy of orexin cells.	Glucose	93-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
18295497-3	2008	In narcoleptic orexin(-/-) mice, tiprolisant enhanced HA and noradrenaline neuronal activity, promoted wakefulness and decreased abnormal DREMs, all effects being amplified by co-administration of modafinil, a currently-prescribed wake-promoting drug.	pitolisant	33-44	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
18198212-2	2008	We report here that orexin-induced apoptosis is driven by an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) (IIY(358)NFL) present in the OX1R.	Tyrosine	76-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-26
18395341-5	2008	Likewise, in the mouse adrenal medulla slices, orexin A also induced catecholamine release mainly through the activation of OX1R.	Catecholamines	69-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-55
18423425-0	2008	Orexin mediates the expression of precipitated morphine withdrawal and concurrent activation of the nucleus accumbens shell.	Morphine	47-55	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
18423425-3	2008	We investigated the mechanism and neuroanatomic basis of orexin"s role in morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	74-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-63
18423425-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these data demonstrate that orexin, acting via Ox1r, is critical for the expression of morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	112-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-59
18423425-13	2008	AcbSh activation during withdrawal is dependent on Ox1r function and is likely mediated by indirect action of LH orexin neurons.	acbsh	0-5	hypocretin	Mus musculus	113-119
18551194-6	2008	N/OFQ also modulated presynaptic release of GABA and glutamate onto Hcrt neurons in mouse hypothalamic slices.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	44-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-72
18551194-6	2008	N/OFQ also modulated presynaptic release of GABA and glutamate onto Hcrt neurons in mouse hypothalamic slices.	Glutamic Acid	53-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-72
18256806-3	2008	METHODS: Orexin knockout mice fasted overnight underwent oral glucose tolerance testing and insulin tolerance testing.	Glucose	62-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
16959056-4	2007	Moreover, CP 94253 (5-10 mg/kg), a selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist, exerted appetite-suppressing effects and significantly increased hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) gene expression and decreased hypothalamic orexin gene expression.	CP 94253	10-18	hypocretin	Mus musculus	276-282
18344611-2	2008	In the present study, we showed that a muscarinic receptor agonist, carbachol (CCh), activates almost 20% of orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons), which play a critical role in maintenance of arousal.	Carbachol	68-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	109-115
18344611-2	2008	In the present study, we showed that a muscarinic receptor agonist, carbachol (CCh), activates almost 20% of orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons), which play a critical role in maintenance of arousal.	Carbachol	68-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	135-141
18344611-2	2008	In the present study, we showed that a muscarinic receptor agonist, carbachol (CCh), activates almost 20% of orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons), which play a critical role in maintenance of arousal.	Carbachol	79-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	109-115
18344611-2	2008	In the present study, we showed that a muscarinic receptor agonist, carbachol (CCh), activates almost 20% of orexin-producing neurons (orexin neurons), which play a critical role in maintenance of arousal.	Carbachol	79-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	135-141
18344611-3	2008	We also found that a very small population of orexin neurons (1%) was inhibited by CCh.	Carbachol	83-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
18344611-4	2008	Muscarinic receptor antagonists inhibited the CCh-induced activation of orexin neurons in a dose-dependent manner.	Carbachol	46-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	72-78
18344611-8	2008	These results indicate that CCh activates 20% of orexin neurons through the M(3) muscarinic receptor and subsequent activation of nonselective cation channels.	Carbachol	28-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	49-55
18032578-2	2008	Raphe nuclei, which modulate several physiological functions through serotonin, receive dense projections from orexin-containing neurons in the hypothalamus.	Serotonin	69-78	hypocretin	Mus musculus	111-117
18025760-9	2007	When JVS mice were fed a carnitine-rich diet, suppression of expression of orexin mRNA in hypothalamus was eliminated, and on day 28 lactose and cellulose were detected in the stomach without hypoglycemia.	Carnitine	25-34	hypocretin	Mus musculus	75-81
18060037-4	2007	Here, we show that acute and chronic prolonged wakefulness in mice induced by modafinil treatment produced long-term potentiation (LTP) of glutamatergic synapses on hypocretin/orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, a well-established arousal/wake-promoting center.	Modafinil	78-87	hypocretin	Mus musculus	165-175
18171940-7	2008	Subsequently activation of phospholipase Cbeta triggers an increase in intracellular calcium by both calcium influx through nonselective cation channels and calcium release from calcium stores in orexin neurons.	Calcium	85-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	196-202
16959056-5	2007	These results suggest that fluvoxamine and inactivation of 5-HT2C receptors exert feeding suppression through activation of 5-HT1B receptors, and that 5-HT1B receptors up-regulate hypothalamic POMC and CART gene expression and down-regulate hypothalamic orexin gene expression in mice.	Fluvoxamine	27-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	254-260
17680885-5	2007	Orexin expression in the lateral hypothalamus was significantly increased in corticosterone deficient Pomc(-/-) mice.	Corticosterone	77-91	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
17717124-9	2007	Supplementation of orexin-A or -B (3 nmol) partially restored the hypercapnic chemoreflex in ORX-KO mice (0.28 +/- 0.03 mlxmin(-1).g(-1)x% CO(2)(-1) for orexin-A and 0.32 +/- 0.04 mlxmin(-1)xg(-1)x% CO(2)(-1) for orexin-B).	co(2)	139-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	19-33
17717124-9	2007	Supplementation of orexin-A or -B (3 nmol) partially restored the hypercapnic chemoreflex in ORX-KO mice (0.28 +/- 0.03 mlxmin(-1).g(-1)x% CO(2)(-1) for orexin-A and 0.32 +/- 0.04 mlxmin(-1)xg(-1)x% CO(2)(-1) for orexin-B).	co(2)	199-204	hypocretin	Mus musculus	19-33
17717124-12	2007	Our findings suggest that orexin plays a crucial role in CO(2) sensitivity at least during wake periods in mice.	co(2)	57-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-32
17475795-1	2007	Cannabinoids modulate energy homeostasis and decrease cognitive arousal, possibly by acting on hypothalamic neurons including those that synthesize melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) or hypocretin/orexin.	Cannabinoids	0-12	hypocretin	Mus musculus	187-204
16849632-9	2006	We hypothesize that abnormal hypothalamic orexin expression leads to changes in liver carbohydrate metabolism and may contribute to the moderate obesity observed in tubby mice.	Carbohydrates	86-98	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-48
16959906-9	2007	Our findings suggest that orexin plays a crucial role both in CO(2) sensitivity during wakefulness and in preserving ventilation stability during sleep.	co(2)	62-67	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-32
17093123-0	2007	Adenosine inhibits activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by the A1 receptor in the lateral hypothalamus: a possible sleep-promoting effect.	Adenosine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-48
17093123-6	2007	In this study, we examined the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by using electrophysiological methods in brain slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	47-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	82-99
17093123-6	2007	In this study, we examined the hypothesis that adenosine inhibits the activity of hypocretin/orexin neurons by using electrophysiological methods in brain slices from mice expressing green fluorescent protein in hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	47-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	212-229
17093123-8	2007	The adenosine-mediated inhibition arises from depression of excitatory synaptic transmission to hypocretin/orexin neurons because adenosine depresses the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential and the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in these neurons.	Adenosine	4-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-113
17093123-8	2007	The adenosine-mediated inhibition arises from depression of excitatory synaptic transmission to hypocretin/orexin neurons because adenosine depresses the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic potential and the frequency of spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in these neurons.	Adenosine	130-139	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-113
17093123-9	2007	At the cell body of the hypocretin/orexin neurons, adenosine inhibits voltage-dependent calcium currents without the induction of GIRK current.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-41
17093123-11	2007	In summary, our data suggest that in addition to its effect in the basal forebrain, adenosine exerts its sleep-promoting effect in the LH by inhibition of hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Adenosine	84-93	hypocretin	Mus musculus	155-172
16872646-5	2006	Orexin-A increased the histamine release and locomotor activity, but not food intake, suggesting that the histaminergic system participates in arousal rather than feeding by orexin-A.	Histamine	23-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
16867176-7	2006	Intraperitoneal injections of the HCRT-1 receptor antagonist, SB-334867, exhibited a general trend towards increasing time spent low-arched back nursing (P = 0.053) and decreasing licking and grooming of pups while high-arched back nursing (P = 0.052).	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	62-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-38
16556901-3	2006	Because orexin is released during wakefulness and is thought to promote heat production, we hypothesized that orexin KO mice would have lower Tb while awake.	Terbium	142-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	8-14
16556901-3	2006	Because orexin is released during wakefulness and is thought to promote heat production, we hypothesized that orexin KO mice would have lower Tb while awake.	Terbium	142-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	110-116
16556901-5	2006	Orexin KO mice had normal diurnal variations in Tb, but the ultradian rhythms of Tb, locomotor activity, and wakefulness were markedly reduced.	Terbium	48-50	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
16762378-6	2006	Exogenous administration of either OXA or nicotine induced a transient contraction that was completely inhibited by atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Atropine	116-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-38
16762378-6	2006	Exogenous administration of either OXA or nicotine induced a transient contraction that was completely inhibited by atropine and tetrodotoxin.	Tetrodotoxin	129-141	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-38
16762378-7	2006	The OXA-induced contraction was significantly inhibited by hexamethonium and SB-334867-A, whereas the nicotine-induced contraction was not inhibited by SB-334867-A.	Hexamethonium	59-72	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-7
16762378-7	2006	The OXA-induced contraction was significantly inhibited by hexamethonium and SB-334867-A, whereas the nicotine-induced contraction was not inhibited by SB-334867-A.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-7
16762378-11	2006	Exogenous OXA, in the presence of atropine, induced a relaxation that was significantly inhibited by both l-nitroarginine and SB-334867-A, but not by hexamethonium.	Atropine	34-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-13
16762378-11	2006	Exogenous OXA, in the presence of atropine, induced a relaxation that was significantly inhibited by both l-nitroarginine and SB-334867-A, but not by hexamethonium.	H-Arg(NO2)-OH	106-121	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-13
16762378-11	2006	Exogenous OXA, in the presence of atropine, induced a relaxation that was significantly inhibited by both l-nitroarginine and SB-334867-A, but not by hexamethonium.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	126-137	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-13
16611835-0	2006	Orexin neurons are directly and indirectly regulated by catecholamines in a complex manner.	Catecholamines	56-70	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
16611835-2	2006	In the present study, we show that NA, dopamine, and adrenaline all directly hyperpolarized orexin neurons.	Dopamine	39-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-98
16627567-8	2006	The existence of GABA(B) modulation was supported by GABA(B(1)) subunit immunoreactivity on Hcrt cells colabelled with antisera to the Hcrt-2 peptide.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	17-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-96
16627567-8	2006	The existence of GABA(B) modulation was supported by GABA(B(1)) subunit immunoreactivity on Hcrt cells colabelled with antisera to the Hcrt-2 peptide.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	17-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	135-139
16627567-11	2006	These data suggest that GABA(B) receptors modulate Hcrt neuronal activity via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, which may underlie the promotion of non-rapid eye movement sleep and have implications for the use of GABA(B) agonists in the treatment of substance addiction through direct interaction with the Hcrt system.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	24-28	hypocretin	Mus musculus	51-55
16627567-11	2006	These data suggest that GABA(B) receptors modulate Hcrt neuronal activity via both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms, which may underlie the promotion of non-rapid eye movement sleep and have implications for the use of GABA(B) agonists in the treatment of substance addiction through direct interaction with the Hcrt system.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	24-28	hypocretin	Mus musculus	312-316
16611835-2	2006	In the present study, we show that NA, dopamine, and adrenaline all directly hyperpolarized orexin neurons.	Epinephrine	53-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-98
16611835-1	2006	We reported elsewhere that orexin neurons are directly hyperpolarized by noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine.	Norepinephrine	73-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
16611835-6	2006	This response was inhibited by alpha1-AR antagonist, prazosin, which suggests the existence of alpha1-ARs on the orexin neurons along with alpha2-AR.	Prazosin	53-61	hypocretin	Mus musculus	113-119
16611835-11	2006	The evidence presented here revealed that orexin neurons are regulated by catecholamines in a complex manner.	Catecholamines	74-88	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-48
16611835-1	2006	We reported elsewhere that orexin neurons are directly hyperpolarized by noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine.	Dopamine	96-104	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
16410401-11	2006	The present study provided further support for our hypothesis that orexin-containing neurons in PFA play a role as a master switch to activate multiple efferent pathways of the defense response and also operate as a regulator of basal AP.	pfa	96-99	hypocretin	Mus musculus	67-73
16492946-10	2006	The robust excitation evoked by Hcrt-2 on cortically projecting glutamate PVT neurons could generate substantial excitation in multiple layers of the mPFC, adding to the more selective direct excitatory actions of Hcrt in the mPFC and potentially increasing cortical arousal and attention to limbic or visceral states.	Glutamic Acid	64-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	32-36
16484324-11	2006	Des-acyl ghrelin increased the intracellular calcium concentrations in isolated orexin neurons.	Calcium	45-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-86
16492946-10	2006	The robust excitation evoked by Hcrt-2 on cortically projecting glutamate PVT neurons could generate substantial excitation in multiple layers of the mPFC, adding to the more selective direct excitatory actions of Hcrt in the mPFC and potentially increasing cortical arousal and attention to limbic or visceral states.	Glutamic Acid	64-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	214-218
15958604-0	2005	Direct excitation of hypocretin/orexin cells by extracellular ATP at P2X receptors.	Adenosine Triphosphate	62-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-31
17192702-6	2006	Administration of 1 microM OX1R antagonist, SB-334867, completely blocked the observed orexin A responses in these cells, indicating that orexin A stimulation of GnRH neurons is specifically through OX1R.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	44-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	87-95
17192702-6	2006	Administration of 1 microM OX1R antagonist, SB-334867, completely blocked the observed orexin A responses in these cells, indicating that orexin A stimulation of GnRH neurons is specifically through OX1R.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	44-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	138-146
16321792-8	2005	In the mouse lateral hypothalamus, orexin/hypocretin neurons (which promote wakefulness, locomotor activity and foraging) are glucose-inhibited, whereas melanin-concentrating hormone neurons (which promote sleep and energy conservation) are glucose-excited.	Glucose	126-133	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-41
16321792-8	2005	In the mouse lateral hypothalamus, orexin/hypocretin neurons (which promote wakefulness, locomotor activity and foraging) are glucose-inhibited, whereas melanin-concentrating hormone neurons (which promote sleep and energy conservation) are glucose-excited.	Glucose	241-248	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-41
16202530-2	2005	Orexin neurons projected to the tuberomammillary nucleus and orexins may release histamine from the histamine neurons in this nucleus.	Histamine	81-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
16202530-2	2005	Orexin neurons projected to the tuberomammillary nucleus and orexins may release histamine from the histamine neurons in this nucleus.	Histamine	100-109	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
16202530-5	2005	Here we studied the effects of histamine H1 and H2 receptors on orexin A-produced antinociception using histamine receptor knockout mice in four assays of nociception; the hot-plate, the tail-flick, the tail-pressure and the capsaicin tests.	Capsaicin	225-234	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-72
16202530-12	2005	These findings suggest the possibility that orexin A may activate H1 and H2 receptors in the supraspinal levels through the release of histamine from neurons, which might attenuate the antinociceptive effects of orexin A.	Histamine	135-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	44-52
16202530-12	2005	These findings suggest the possibility that orexin A may activate H1 and H2 receptors in the supraspinal levels through the release of histamine from neurons, which might attenuate the antinociceptive effects of orexin A.	Histamine	135-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	212-220
16407535-3	2006	The levels of dopamine and its major metabolites in the nucleus accumbens were markedly increased by the microinjection of orexin A and orexin B into the VTA.	Dopamine	14-22	hypocretin	Mus musculus	123-131
16407535-3	2006	The levels of dopamine and its major metabolites in the nucleus accumbens were markedly increased by the microinjection of orexin A and orexin B into the VTA.	Dopamine	14-22	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-144
16407535-4	2006	The subcutaneous morphine-induced place preference and hyperlocomotion observed in wild-type mice were abolished in mice that lacked the prepro-orexin gene.	Morphine	17-25	hypocretin	Mus musculus	137-150
16407535-5	2006	An intra-VTA injection of a selective orexin receptor antagonist SB334867A [1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1.5]naphthyridin-4-yl urea] significantly suppressed the morphine-induced place preference in rats.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	65-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
16407535-5	2006	An intra-VTA injection of a selective orexin receptor antagonist SB334867A [1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-[1.5]naphthyridin-4-yl urea] significantly suppressed the morphine-induced place preference in rats.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	76-133	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
16407535-6	2006	Furthermore, the increased level of dialysate dopamine produced by morphine in the mouse brain was significantly decreased by deletion of the prepro-orexin gene.	Dopamine	46-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	142-155
16407535-6	2006	Furthermore, the increased level of dialysate dopamine produced by morphine in the mouse brain was significantly decreased by deletion of the prepro-orexin gene.	Morphine	67-75	hypocretin	Mus musculus	142-155
16407535-7	2006	These findings provide new evidence that orexin-containing neurons in the VTA are directly implicated in the rewarding effect and hyperlocomotion induced by morphine through activation of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in rodents.	Morphine	157-165	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
16407535-7	2006	These findings provide new evidence that orexin-containing neurons in the VTA are directly implicated in the rewarding effect and hyperlocomotion induced by morphine through activation of the mesolimbic dopamine pathway in rodents.	Dopamine	203-211	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
15896493-7	2005	Pharmacological inhibition of the synthesis of epinephrine, a potential neurotransmitter at central motoric alpha1-adrenoceptors, with 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine also significantly attenuated orexin A-induced hyperactivity.	Epinephrine	47-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	202-210
16093397-6	2005	The CCKA receptor antagonist lorglumide inhibited CCK-8S-induced activation of orexin neurons, whereas the CCKB receptor agonists CCK-4 (a tetrapeptide form of cholecystokinin) and nonsulfated CCK-8 had little effect.	lorglumide	29-39	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-85
15896493-7	2005	Pharmacological inhibition of the synthesis of epinephrine, a potential neurotransmitter at central motoric alpha1-adrenoceptors, with 2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine also significantly attenuated orexin A-induced hyperactivity.	2,3-dichloro-alpha-methylbenzylamine	135-171	hypocretin	Mus musculus	202-210
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	213-222	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15808906-0	2005	Orexin-A-induced feeding is dependent on nitric oxide.	Nitric Oxide	41-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
15808906-6	2005	We next examined the effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on orexin-A-induced increase in food intake.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	32-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	117-125
15808906-6	2005	We next examined the effects of Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on orexin-A-induced increase in food intake.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	70-76	hypocretin	Mus musculus	117-125
15808906-7	2005	L-NAME (50 mg/kg; SC) significantly blocked the orexin-A-induced increase in food intake.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	0-6	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-56
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine	90-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine	90-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine	126-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine	126-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Theophylline	137-149	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	213-222	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Theophylline	137-149	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
15848807-5	2005	Monoamine-containing groups that are innervated by orexin neurons do not receive reciprocal connections, while cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain have reciprocal connections, which might be important for consolidating wakefulness.	monoamine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	51-57
15808907-12	2005	The effects of orexin A were completely blocked by adenosine type 1 receptor antagonists, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) and theophylline, but not by naloxone, suggesting a possible involvement of the adenosine-containing neurons and/or the adenosine pathway in these orexin actions.	Adenosine	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-23
15848807-6	2005	Electrophysiological study showed that carbachol excites almost one-third of orexin neurons and inhibits a small population of orexin neurons.	Carbachol	39-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
15848807-6	2005	Electrophysiological study showed that carbachol excites almost one-third of orexin neurons and inhibits a small population of orexin neurons.	Carbachol	39-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	127-133
15652995-0	2005	Modafinil more effectively induces wakefulness in orexin-null mice than in wild-type littermates.	Modafinil	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-56
15745970-0	2005	Physiological changes in glucose differentially modulate the excitability of hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and orexin neurons in situ.	Glucose	25-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	124-130
15745970-5	2005	We also demonstrate that the same physiological shifts in glucose have the opposite effects on the electrical activity of orexin neurons.	Glucose	58-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	122-128
15663891-0	2005	Orexin A promotes histamine, but not norepinephrine or serotonin, release in frontal cortex of mice.	Histamine	18-27	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
15663891-1	2005	AIM: To investigate the effects of orexin A on release of histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the frontal cortex of mice.	Histamine	58-67	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-43
15663891-1	2005	AIM: To investigate the effects of orexin A on release of histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the frontal cortex of mice.	Norepinephrine	69-83	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-43
15663891-1	2005	AIM: To investigate the effects of orexin A on release of histamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the frontal cortex of mice.	Serotonin	89-98	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-43
15663891-4	2005	RESULTS: Intracrebroventricular injection of orexin A at doses of 12.5, 50, and 200 pmol per mouse promoted histamine release from the frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner.	Histamine	108-117	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-53
15663891-5	2005	At the highest dose given, 200 pmol, orexin A significantly induced histamine release, with the maximal magnitude being 230% over the mean basal release.	Histamine	68-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-45
15663891-8	2005	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the arousal effect of orexin A is mainly mediated by histamine, not by norepinephrine or serotonin.	Histamine	92-101	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-69
15663891-8	2005	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the arousal effect of orexin A is mainly mediated by histamine, not by norepinephrine or serotonin.	Norepinephrine	110-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-69
15634779-0	2005	Direct and indirect inhibition by catecholamines of hypocretin/orexin neurons.	Catecholamines	34-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-62
15634779-12	2005	These data suggest that catecholamines evoke strong inhibitory actions on hypocretin neurons and suggest negative feedback from catecholamine cells that may be excited by hypocretin.	Catecholamines	24-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	74-84
15634779-12	2005	These data suggest that catecholamines evoke strong inhibitory actions on hypocretin neurons and suggest negative feedback from catecholamine cells that may be excited by hypocretin.	Catecholamines	24-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	74-84
15652995-3	2005	Fos protein immunohistochemistry has previously demonstrated that orexin neurons are activated after modafinil administration, and it has been hypothesized that the wakefulness-promoting properties of modafinil might therefore be mediated by the neuropeptide.	Modafinil	101-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-72
15652995-3	2005	Fos protein immunohistochemistry has previously demonstrated that orexin neurons are activated after modafinil administration, and it has been hypothesized that the wakefulness-promoting properties of modafinil might therefore be mediated by the neuropeptide.	Modafinil	201-210	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-72
15652995-7	2005	Surprisingly, modafinil more effectively increased wakefulness time in orexin-/- mice than in the wild-type mice.	Modafinil	14-23	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-77
15652995-11	2005	Modafinil administration only partly compensated for this attention deficit in the orexin null mice.	Modafinil	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	83-89
14999052-0	2004	Hypocretin/orexin peptide signaling in the ascending arousal system: elevation of intracellular calcium in the mouse dorsal raphe and laterodorsal tegmentum.	Calcium	96-103	hypocretin	Mus musculus	11-17
15256537-9	2004	Although, orexin-A and -B showed no difference in binding characteristics between the splice variants; interestingly, orexin-B led to an increase in IP(3) production at all concentrations in the mOX2 beta R variant.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	149-154	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-126
15306649-5	2004	A 5-HT1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(dl-N-propyl-amino)tetralin, also evoked hyperpolarization on orexin neurons with potency comparable with 5-HT.	8-hydroxy-2-(dl-n-propyl-amino)tetralin	27-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	101-107
15306649-9	2004	Intracerebroventricular injection of the 5-HT1A receptor-selective antagonist WAY100635 (100 ng) increased locomotor activity during the latter half of dark phase in wild-type mice but not in orexin/ataxin-3 mice in which orexin neurons are specifically ablated, suggesting that activation of orexin neurons is necessary for the WAY100635-induced increase in locomotor activity.	N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide	78-87	hypocretin	Mus musculus	222-228
15306649-9	2004	Intracerebroventricular injection of the 5-HT1A receptor-selective antagonist WAY100635 (100 ng) increased locomotor activity during the latter half of dark phase in wild-type mice but not in orexin/ataxin-3 mice in which orexin neurons are specifically ablated, suggesting that activation of orexin neurons is necessary for the WAY100635-induced increase in locomotor activity.	N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide	78-87	hypocretin	Mus musculus	222-228
14999052-3	2004	Since Hcrt/Orx mobilizes intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cells transfected with orexin receptors and since receptor-mediated Ca(2+) transients are ubiquitous signaling mechanisms, we investigated whether Hcrt/Orx regulates [Ca(2+)](i) in the LDT and DR. Changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were monitored by fluorescence changes of fura-2 AM loaded cells in young mouse brain slices.	Calcium	39-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	6-10
14999052-3	2004	Since Hcrt/Orx mobilizes intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in cells transfected with orexin receptors and since receptor-mediated Ca(2+) transients are ubiquitous signaling mechanisms, we investigated whether Hcrt/Orx regulates [Ca(2+)](i) in the LDT and DR. Changes in [Ca(2+)](i) were monitored by fluorescence changes of fura-2 AM loaded cells in young mouse brain slices.	Calcium	39-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	87-93
14999052-7	2004	In contrast, Hcrt/Orx responses were strongly attenuated by lowering extracellular Ca(2+) ( approximately 20 microM) but were not inhibited by concentrations of KB-R7943 (10 microM) selective for blockade of sodium/calcium exchange.	orx	18-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-17
14999052-7	2004	In contrast, Hcrt/Orx responses were strongly attenuated by lowering extracellular Ca(2+) ( approximately 20 microM) but were not inhibited by concentrations of KB-R7943 (10 microM) selective for blockade of sodium/calcium exchange.	Sodium	208-214	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-17
14999052-7	2004	In contrast, Hcrt/Orx responses were strongly attenuated by lowering extracellular Ca(2+) ( approximately 20 microM) but were not inhibited by concentrations of KB-R7943 (10 microM) selective for blockade of sodium/calcium exchange.	Calcium	215-222	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-17
14999052-8	2004	Nifedipine (10 microM), inhibited Hcrt/Orx responses but was more effective at abolishing spiking than plateau responses.	Nifedipine	0-10	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-38
14999052-13	2004	Accordingly, the loss of Hcrt/Orx signaling in narcolepsy would be expected to disrupt calcium-dependent processes in these and other target structures.	Calcium	87-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-29
12797956-3	2003	Activity of isolated orexin neurons is inhibited by glucose and leptin and stimulated by ghrelin.	Glucose	52-59	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-27
12890892-2	2003	Forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in OX2R-expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX).	Colforsin	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-124
12890892-2	2003	Forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in OX2R-expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX).	Cyclic AMP	21-55	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-124
12890892-2	2003	Forskolin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation in OX2R-expressing cells was inhibited by orexin in a dose-dependent manner, and the effect was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX).	Cyclic AMP	57-61	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-124
12890892-3	2003	The inhibitory effect of orexin on forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was not observed in OX1R-expressing cells.	Colforsin	35-44	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
12890892-3	2003	The inhibitory effect of orexin on forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was not observed in OX1R-expressing cells.	Cyclic AMP	56-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
12890892-4	2003	Administration of orexin to these cells resulted in a transient increase of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)).	Calcium	90-97	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-24
12890892-8	2003	We found that a phospholipase C (PLC)-inhibitor, U73122, inhibits orexin-mediated neuronal activation, but PTX showed no effect on it.	1-(6-((3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl)amino)hexyl)-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione	49-55	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-72
12797956-4	2003	Orexin expression of normal and ob/ob mice correlates negatively with changes in blood glucose, leptin, and food intake.	Glucose	87-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
12560202-5	2003	Results obtained in obesity-prone rats and mice revealed a similar increase in orexin in close relation to triglycerides.	Triglycerides	107-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-85
12495630-0	2002	Hypocretin/Orexin excites hypocretin neurons via a local glutamate neuron-A potential mechanism for orchestrating the hypothalamic arousal system.	Glutamic Acid	57-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-17
12832517-5	2003	Acting on postsynaptic orexin type 2 receptors, orexin activates a sodium-calcium exchange current, thereby depolarizing the cell and increasing its firing frequency.	Sodium	67-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	23-29
12832517-5	2003	Acting on postsynaptic orexin type 2 receptors, orexin activates a sodium-calcium exchange current, thereby depolarizing the cell and increasing its firing frequency.	Sodium	67-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-54
12716916-0	2003	Involvement of the lateral hypothalamic peptide orexin in morphine dependence and withdrawal.	Morphine	58-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-54
12716916-5	2003	In this study, we show that orexin neurons, and not nearby LH neurons expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), have mu-opioid receptors and respond to chronic morphine administration and opiate antagonist-precipitated morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	166-174	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
12716916-5	2003	In this study, we show that orexin neurons, and not nearby LH neurons expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), have mu-opioid receptors and respond to chronic morphine administration and opiate antagonist-precipitated morphine withdrawal.	Opiate Alkaloids	194-200	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
12716916-5	2003	In this study, we show that orexin neurons, and not nearby LH neurons expressing melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), have mu-opioid receptors and respond to chronic morphine administration and opiate antagonist-precipitated morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	225-233	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
12716916-6	2003	cAMP response element-mediated transcription is induced in a subset of orexin cells, but not MCH cells, after exposure to chronic morphine or induction of withdrawal.	Cyclic AMP	0-4	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-77
12716916-6	2003	cAMP response element-mediated transcription is induced in a subset of orexin cells, but not MCH cells, after exposure to chronic morphine or induction of withdrawal.	Morphine	130-138	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-77
12716916-7	2003	Additionally, c-Fos and the orexin gene itself are induced in orexin cells in the LH during morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
12716916-7	2003	Additionally, c-Fos and the orexin gene itself are induced in orexin cells in the LH during morphine withdrawal.	Morphine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	62-68
12716916-8	2003	Finally, we show that orexin knock-out mice develop attenuated morphine dependence, as indicated by a less severe antagonist-precipitated withdrawal syndrome.	Morphine	63-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
12716916-9	2003	Together, these studies support a role for the orexin system in molecular adaptations to morphine, and demonstrate dramatic differences in molecular responses among different populations of LH neurons.	Morphine	89-97	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-53
12832517-5	2003	Acting on postsynaptic orexin type 2 receptors, orexin activates a sodium-calcium exchange current, thereby depolarizing the cell and increasing its firing frequency.	Calcium	74-81	hypocretin	Mus musculus	23-29
12832517-5	2003	Acting on postsynaptic orexin type 2 receptors, orexin activates a sodium-calcium exchange current, thereby depolarizing the cell and increasing its firing frequency.	Calcium	74-81	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-54
12832517-6	2003	Because GABA is a potent stimulus for feeding, in both the ARC and its main projection site, these results suggest a mechanism for how orexin may control appetite.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	8-12	hypocretin	Mus musculus	135-141
12646175-5	2003	The neurotransmitters, which were implicated in sleep/wake regulation, affected the activity of orexin neurons; noradrenaline and serotonin hyperpolarized, while carbachol depolarized orexin neurons in either the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin.	Norepinephrine	112-125	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
12646175-5	2003	The neurotransmitters, which were implicated in sleep/wake regulation, affected the activity of orexin neurons; noradrenaline and serotonin hyperpolarized, while carbachol depolarized orexin neurons in either the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin.	Serotonin	130-139	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
12646175-5	2003	The neurotransmitters, which were implicated in sleep/wake regulation, affected the activity of orexin neurons; noradrenaline and serotonin hyperpolarized, while carbachol depolarized orexin neurons in either the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin.	Carbachol	162-171	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
12646175-5	2003	The neurotransmitters, which were implicated in sleep/wake regulation, affected the activity of orexin neurons; noradrenaline and serotonin hyperpolarized, while carbachol depolarized orexin neurons in either the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin.	Carbachol	162-171	hypocretin	Mus musculus	184-190
12646175-5	2003	The neurotransmitters, which were implicated in sleep/wake regulation, affected the activity of orexin neurons; noradrenaline and serotonin hyperpolarized, while carbachol depolarized orexin neurons in either the presence or absence of tetrodotoxin.	Tetrodotoxin	236-248	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
12495630-4	2002	The mechanism for this appears to be hypocretin-mediated excitation of local glutamatergic neurons that regulate hypocretin neuron activity, in part by presynaptic facilitation of glutamate release.	Glutamic Acid	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-47
12495630-4	2002	The mechanism for this appears to be hypocretin-mediated excitation of local glutamatergic neurons that regulate hypocretin neuron activity, in part by presynaptic facilitation of glutamate release.	Glutamic Acid	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	113-123
12388591-0	2002	Convergent excitation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons by multiple arousal systems (orexin/hypocretin, histamine and noradrenaline).	Serotonin	38-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	85-91
12388591-0	2002	Convergent excitation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons by multiple arousal systems (orexin/hypocretin, histamine and noradrenaline).	Serotonin	38-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-102
12217429-6	2002	Orexin-A at 3nmol improved retention in young and old SAMP8 mice.	3nmol	12-17	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
12388591-5	2002	In extracellular recordings, all three agonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons; the excitatory effects of histamine and orexin A were occluded by previous application of phenylephrine, suggesting that all three systems act via common effector mechanisms.	Serotonin	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-144
12388591-5	2002	In extracellular recordings, all three agonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons; the excitatory effects of histamine and orexin A were occluded by previous application of phenylephrine, suggesting that all three systems act via common effector mechanisms.	Phenylephrine	186-199	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-144
12388591-11	2002	Instead, in many cases the orexin A-induced current reversed in calcium-free medium at a value (-23 mV) consistent with the activation of a mixed cation channel (with relative permeabilities for sodium and potassium of 0.43 and 1, respectively).	Calcium	64-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
12388591-11	2002	Instead, in many cases the orexin A-induced current reversed in calcium-free medium at a value (-23 mV) consistent with the activation of a mixed cation channel (with relative permeabilities for sodium and potassium of 0.43 and 1, respectively).	Sodium	195-201	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
12388591-11	2002	Instead, in many cases the orexin A-induced current reversed in calcium-free medium at a value (-23 mV) consistent with the activation of a mixed cation channel (with relative permeabilities for sodium and potassium of 0.43 and 1, respectively).	Potassium	206-215	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
12239605-3	2002	This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of AGRP, orexin and MCH on oxygen consumption.	Oxygen	80-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	62-68
12239605-6	2002	Orexin (1 nmol/mouse) significantly increased oxygen consumption, while MCH (1 nmol/mouse) had no significant effect compared to ACSF-treated controls.	Oxygen	46-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
11689192-5	2001	On the other hand, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, orexin A induced a transient gradual relaxation in duodenal, jejunal and ileal segments.	Atropine	38-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-73
12144948-6	2002	Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A and orexin-B was associated with glucose-lowering effects in fasting diabetic mice.	Glucose	84-91	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-50
12144948-6	2002	Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A and orexin-B was associated with glucose-lowering effects in fasting diabetic mice.	Glucose	84-91	hypocretin	Mus musculus	55-63
11923451-6	2002	Postsynaptically, Hcrt/Orx produced an inward current and an increase in membrane current noise, which were accompanied by a conductance increase.	orx	23-26	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-22
11689192-5	2001	On the other hand, in the presence of atropine and guanethidine, orexin A induced a transient gradual relaxation in duodenal, jejunal and ileal segments.	Guanethidine	51-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-73
11689192-9	2001	The exogenous orexin A-induced relaxation was completely inhibited by L-NOARG.	Nitroarginine	70-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-22
10481909-3	1999	Moreover, modafinil, an anti-narcoleptic drug with ill-defined mechanisms of action, activates orexin-containing neurons.	Modafinil	10-19	hypocretin	Mus musculus	95-101
11493714-5	2001	Microdialysis studies showed that application of orexin A to the TMN increased histamine release from both the medial preoptic area and the frontal cortex by approximately 2-fold over the baseline for 80 to 160 min in a dose-dependent manner.	Histamine	79-88	hypocretin	Mus musculus	49-57
11394998-3	2001	We generated transgenic mice in which orexin-containing neurons are ablated by orexinergic-specific expression of a truncated Machado-Joseph disease gene product (ataxin-3) with an expanded polyglutamine stretch.	polyglutamine	190-203	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
10997654-16	2000	The LHA is important in receiving sensory signals from the gut and liver, and in sensing glucose, and orexin neurones may be involved in stimulating feeding in response to falls in plasma glucose.	Glucose	188-195	hypocretin	Mus musculus	102-108
10191330-5	1999	Double-labeling experiments in mice combining retrograde transport of diamidino yellow after spinal cord injections and immunocytochemistry support the concept that hypocretin-immunoreactive fibers in the cord originate from the neurons in the lateral hypothalamus.	diamidino yellow	70-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	165-175
10191330-6	1999	Digital-imaging physiological studies with fura-2 detected a rise in intracellular calcium in response to hypocretin in cultured rat spinal cord neurons, indicating that spinal cord neurons express hypocretin-responsive receptors.	Fura-2	43-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	106-116
10191330-6	1999	Digital-imaging physiological studies with fura-2 detected a rise in intracellular calcium in response to hypocretin in cultured rat spinal cord neurons, indicating that spinal cord neurons express hypocretin-responsive receptors.	Fura-2	43-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	198-208
10191330-6	1999	Digital-imaging physiological studies with fura-2 detected a rise in intracellular calcium in response to hypocretin in cultured rat spinal cord neurons, indicating that spinal cord neurons express hypocretin-responsive receptors.	Calcium	83-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	106-116
10191330-6	1999	Digital-imaging physiological studies with fura-2 detected a rise in intracellular calcium in response to hypocretin in cultured rat spinal cord neurons, indicating that spinal cord neurons express hypocretin-responsive receptors.	Calcium	83-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	198-208
34992518-11	2021	Physical or molecular interactions between these two systems may provide valuable insight into drug-drug interactions between cannabinoid and orexin drugs for the treatment of insomnia, pain, and other disorders.	Cannabinoids	126-137	hypocretin	Mus musculus	142-148
10087007-9	1999	The octanol/buffer partition coefficient of 0.232 showed that orexin A was highly lipophilic, whereas the value for orexin B was only 0.030.	Octanols	4-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	62-70
34853083-0	2022	Hypocretin/orexin interactions with norepinephrine contribute to the opiate withdrawal syndrome.	Norepinephrine	36-50	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-10
34853083-0	2022	Hypocretin/orexin interactions with norepinephrine contribute to the opiate withdrawal syndrome.	Norepinephrine	36-50	hypocretin	Mus musculus	11-17
34853083-1	2022	We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) producing neurons.	Heroin	31-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	144-161
34853083-1	2022	We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) producing neurons.	Heroin	31-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	163-167
34853083-1	2022	We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) producing neurons.	Morphine	78-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	144-161
34853083-1	2022	We previously found that human heroin addicts and mice chronically exposed to morphine exhibit a significant increase in the number of detected hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) producing neurons.	Morphine	78-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	163-167
34666119-0	2021	Orexin-B exerts excitatory effects on nigral dopaminergic neurons and alleviates motor disorders in MPTP parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	100-104	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
34666119-2	2021	The present study showed that orexin-B exerted marked excitatory effects via orexin-2 receptor on the nigral dopaminergic neurons in MPTP parkinsonian mice, while blocking orexin-2 receptor decreased the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons significantly.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	133-137	hypocretin	Mus musculus	30-38
34666119-3	2021	Furthermore, intracerebroventricular application of orexin-B relieved the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, increased the general spontaneous activity and alleviated motor coordination in MPTP parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	192-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-60
34101446-0	2021	Discovery of Arylsulfonamides as Dual Orexin Receptor Agonists.	arylsulfonamides	13-29	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
34702886-6	2021	In WT mice, DOCA-salt-treatment increased gene and protein expression of orexin A, orexin receptor 1, and orexin receptor 2 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and these effects were attenuated in B1RKO mice.	doca-salt	12-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	73-81
34475397-6	2021	Optogenetic activation of orexin neurons in lateral hypothalamus or orexinergic fibers innervating raphe pallidus impaired or improved glucose tolerance, respectively.	Glucose	135-142	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-32
34458633-10	2021	In contrast, neuronal populations expressing orexin, oxytocin, vasopressin as well as tyrosine hydroxylase in the A13 area are resistant to QA-induced toxicity.	Quinolinic Acid	140-142	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-51
34093114-8	2021	These data support the view that orexin peptide deficiency is sufficient to increase histamine neuron number, supporting the involvement of the histamine waking system in the pathophysiology of NT1.	Histamine	85-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	33-39
34225941-8	2021	We found that in mice, chronic morphine administration induced the same changes in Hcrt neuron number and size.	Morphine	31-39	hypocretin	Mus musculus	83-87
34225941-13	2021	These findings are consistent with the concept that an increased number of Hcrt neurons may underlie and maintain opioid or cocaine use disorders.	Cocaine	124-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	75-79
35101602-0	2022	Orexin deficiency affects sensorimotor gating and its amphetamine-induced impairment.	Amphetamine	54-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
35101602-3	2022	Utilizing orexin-deficient mice, the present study tested the hypothesis that orexin is involved in two further mouse behavioral endophenotypes of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., sensorimotor gating and amphetamine sensitivity.	Amphetamine	205-216	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
35101602-5	2022	Amphetamine treatment impaired prepulse inhibition in wildtype and heterozygous orexin-deficient mice, but had no effects in homozygous orexin-deficient mice.	Amphetamine	0-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-86
35101602-7	2022	These data indicate that the orexin system modulates prepulse inhibition and is involved in mediating amphetamine"s effect on prepulse inhibition.	Amphetamine	102-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-35
34093114-4	2021	The aim of this study was to test whether histamine neurons are increased in number in orexin-deficient mice and whether orexin neurons are decreased in number in histamine-deficient mice.	Histamine	163-172	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
35115701-4	2022	Further, systemic IGF-I modified the GABA/Glutamate synaptic structure in orexin neurons of naive wild-type mice by increasing the dephosphorylation of GABA(B) receptor subunit through inhibition of AMP-kinase (AMPK).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	152-156	hypocretin	Mus musculus	74-80
35477218-4	2022	Here we investigated the role of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the impaired fear extinction induced by orexin-A (OXA) in male mice.	Cannabinoids	48-59	hypocretin	Mus musculus	110-118
33078457-0	2021	Stress induces reinstatement of extinguished cocaine conditioned place preference by a sequential signaling via neuropeptide S, orexin, and endocannabinoid.	Cocaine	45-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	128-134
35201886-6	2022	Disruption of Kcnq2/3 genes in Hcrt neurons of young mice destabilized sleep, mimicking aging-associated sleep fragmentation, whereas the KCNQ-selective activator flupirtine hyperpolarized Hcrt neurons and rejuvenated sleep architecture in aged mice.	flupirtine	163-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	189-193
35182424-4	2022	We compared the development of narcoleptic symptomatology in male vs. female orexin-tTA; TetO-DTA mice, a model in which Hcrt neuron degeneration can be initiated by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from the diet.	Doxycycline	177-188	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-125
35182424-4	2022	We compared the development of narcoleptic symptomatology in male vs. female orexin-tTA; TetO-DTA mice, a model in which Hcrt neuron degeneration can be initiated by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from the diet.	Doxycycline	190-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-125
33550481-12	2021	Modulation in cortical levels of histamine, norepinephrine and dopamine provides the neurochemical basis for wake-promoting and anticataplectic effects observed in orexin knockout mice.	Histamine	33-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	164-170
33550481-12	2021	Modulation in cortical levels of histamine, norepinephrine and dopamine provides the neurochemical basis for wake-promoting and anticataplectic effects observed in orexin knockout mice.	Norepinephrine	44-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	164-170
33550481-12	2021	Modulation in cortical levels of histamine, norepinephrine and dopamine provides the neurochemical basis for wake-promoting and anticataplectic effects observed in orexin knockout mice.	Dopamine	63-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	164-170
34051297-9	2021	Behavioral tests revealed that CIH significantly increased the escape latency and time of arriving platform, of which were markedly decreased by OXA treatment.	cih	31-34	hypocretin	Mus musculus	145-148
34051297-12	2021	Furthermore, we found that micro-injection of OXA attenuated CIH-induced apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress in the hippocampus.	cih	61-64	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-49
34051297-13	2021	Our results suggested that OXA might improve cognitive impairment induced by CIH through inhibiting hippocampal apoptosis and oxidative stress.	cih	77-80	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-30
35246205-5	2022	We first prepared orexin-knockout mice crossed with transgenic mice carrying a tetracycline-controlled transactivator transgene under the control of the orexin promoter.	Tetracycline	79-91	hypocretin	Mus musculus	153-159
35154573-0	2022	Electroacupuncture Enhances Neuroplasticity by Regulating the Orexin A-Mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice.	Cyclic AMP	80-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	62-70
35128515-0	2022	Multifaceted roles of orexin neurons in mediating methamphetamine-induced changes in body temperature and heart rate.	Methamphetamine	50-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
35128515-11	2022	These results suggest that glutamate and orexin from orexin neurons have differential roles in mediating METH-induced changes in body temperature and heart rate.	Methamphetamine	105-109	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
33078457-2	2021	Previously, we reported that orexins released during stress, via orexin OX1 receptors (OX1 Rs), contribute to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking through endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor (CB1 R)-mediated dopaminergic disinhibition in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Cocaine	131-138	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-35
33078457-3	2021	Here, we further demonstrated that NPS released during stress is an up-stream activator of this orexin-endocannabinoid cascade in the VTA, leading to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.	Endocannabinoids	103-118	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
33078457-3	2021	Here, we further demonstrated that NPS released during stress is an up-stream activator of this orexin-endocannabinoid cascade in the VTA, leading to the reinstatement of cocaine seeking.	Cocaine	171-178	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-102
33069869-13	2021	PERSPECTIVES: Median nerve stimulation relieves neuropathic pain in mice without tolerance and retains efficacy even in mice with analgesic tolerance to escalating doses of morphine, via an opioid-independent, orexin-endocannabinoid-mediated mechanism.	Morphine	173-181	hypocretin	Mus musculus	210-216
33746708-5	2021	When doxycycline is removed from the diet, the orexin neurons of these mice express diphtheria toxin A and die within 2-3 weeks.	Doxycycline	5-16	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-53
32653557-0	2021	Enhancement of the rewarding effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in orexin knockout mice.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	40-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
33613258-0	2021	Orexin-A/Hypocretin-1 Controls the VTA-NAc Mesolimbic Pathway via Endocannabinoid-Mediated Disinhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons in Obese Mice.	nac	39-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
33613258-0	2021	Orexin-A/Hypocretin-1 Controls the VTA-NAc Mesolimbic Pathway via Endocannabinoid-Mediated Disinhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons in Obese Mice.	Endocannabinoids	66-81	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
32653557-7	2021	Interestingly, we found that MDMA induced a conditioned place preference in orexin KO mice, but not in wild type (WT) mice.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	29-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-82
32653557-8	2021	In addition, MDMA produced methylphenidate/methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in orexin KO mice, but not WT mice.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	13-17	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
32653557-8	2021	In addition, MDMA produced methylphenidate/methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in orexin KO mice, but not WT mice.	Methylphenidate	27-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
32653557-8	2021	In addition, MDMA produced methylphenidate/methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in orexin KO mice, but not WT mice.	Methamphetamine	43-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
32653557-10	2021	In substitution tests using a drug discrimination procedure, substitution of 5-HT1A receptor agonist for the discriminative stimulus effects of methylphenidate was enhanced in orexin KO mice.	Methylphenidate	144-159	hypocretin	Mus musculus	176-182
32653557-13	2021	On the other hand, deficiencies in orexin may enhance the abuse liability of MDMA by changing a postsynaptic signal transduction accompanied by changes in discriminative stimulus effects themselves.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	77-81	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-41
33139319-4	2020	Exposure to orexin-receptor antagonism (1 mg/kg SB334867, an orexin 1 receptor antagonist) just prior to cocaine-conditioning trials or the post-conditioning test, attenuated SD-enhanced preference.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	48-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-18
33139319-4	2020	Exposure to orexin-receptor antagonism (1 mg/kg SB334867, an orexin 1 receptor antagonist) just prior to cocaine-conditioning trials or the post-conditioning test, attenuated SD-enhanced preference.	Cocaine	105-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-18
33139319-5	2020	This suggests a potential therapeutic role for the manipulation of the orexin system to mitigate drug seeking, especially in the context of sleep loss prior to drug exposure.Significance statement Drugs of abuse, including cocaine, disturb sleep and sleep disturbance has been implicated in probability of relapse; however, there have been few direct tests of sleep disturbance on drug seeking behavior.	Cocaine	223-230	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-77
33139319-7	2020	Furthermore, antagonism of the orexin system, a neuromodulator involved in motivation-based arousal, reduces this SD-induced enhancement of cocaine preference.	Cocaine	140-147	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
32667686-8	2020	Correspondingly, calcium recordings revealed that orexin cell activity rapidly reduced upon exiting the innately-aversive places.	Calcium	17-24	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-56
32084419-3	2020	In this study, we tested the role of orexin-A in CPSP induction in mice.	cpsp	49-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-45
32575773-0	2020	Role of 2-Arachidonoyl-Glycerol and CB1 Receptors in Orexin-A-Mediated Prevention of Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Neuronal Injury.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	8-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-61
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	26-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-155
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	26-48	hypocretin	Mus musculus	246-250
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	50-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-155
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	50-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	246-250
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	238-242	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-155
32575773-2	2020	Since the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and cannabinoid type-1 (CB1) receptors were previously shown to mediate some of the effects of OX-A exerted through the orexin-1 receptor (OX-1R), we investigated the involvement of 2-AG in OX-A-induced neuroprotection following oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in mouse cortical neurons.	Oxygen	285-291	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-155
32575773-3	2020	OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2"-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251.	Reactive Oxygen Species	12-35	hypocretin	Mus musculus	97-101
32575773-3	2020	OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2"-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251.	Reactive Oxygen Species	37-40	hypocretin	Mus musculus	97-101
32575773-3	2020	OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2"-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	241-249	hypocretin	Mus musculus	97-101
32575773-3	2020	OGD-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and neuronal death were prevented by both OX-A and arachidonyl-2"-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, in a manner sensitive to OX-1R and CB1 receptor antagonists, SB334867 and AM251.	AM 251	254-259	hypocretin	Mus musculus	97-101
32575773-4	2020	OX-A stimulated 2-AG biosynthesis in cortical neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	16-20	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
32575773-6	2020	OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	127-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
32575773-6	2020	OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	261-269	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
32575773-6	2020	OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	261-269	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-122
32575773-6	2020	OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251.	AM 251	273-278	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
32575773-6	2020	OX-A-induced neuroprotection was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) survival pathway since both OX-A and ACEA induced phosphorylation of Akt and prevented OGD-induced cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, in a manner counteracted by SB334867 or AM251.	AM 251	273-278	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-122
32575773-7	2020	Administration of OX-A reduced infarct volume and elevated brain 2-AG levels in a mouse model of transient ischemia.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	65-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-22
32575773-8	2020	These results suggest that 2-AG and CB1 receptor mediate OX-A prevention of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	27-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-61
31830270-8	2020	Collectively, these results demonstrate that DORA"s potently increase NREM and REM sleep in mice via blockade of orexin signaling, and higher doses can cause cataplexy when co-administered with a likely rewarding stimulus.	dual orexin receptor antagonist 12	45-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	113-119
33224245-0	2020	Suvorexant, a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist, Protected Seizure through Interaction with GABAA and Glutamate Receptors.	suvorexant	0-10	hypocretin	Mus musculus	19-25
33224245-2	2020	In this study, the effects of suvorexant (orexin receptor antagonist) on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure were investigated.	Pentylenetetrazole	73-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-48
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	40-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	54-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32030748-12	2020	Blocking orexin receptors prevented the methacholine (MCh)-induced increase in breathing frequency in KO mice and reduced MCh-induced seizures, via a direct or indirect mechanism.	Methacholine Chloride	122-125	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
32084419-8	2020	ICV injection of orexin-A dose-dependently suppressed BCAO-induced mechanical allodynia.	bcao	54-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	17-25
31605778-6	2020	Both the sleep abnormalities and increased orexin expression in Tsc1GFAPCKO mice were reversed by rapamycin treatment, indicating their dependence on mTOR activation.	Sirolimus	98-107	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
32118032-11	2020	The percentages of double labeled neurons in PFA and DMH orexin fields are significantly higher than those neurons in the LH of HbSS-BERK mice (* p < 0.05).	1,2-Dimethylhydrazine	53-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-63
31927055-8	2020	Using thioflavine-S staining and ELISA, we found that Orexin-A promoted Abeta accumulation in APP/PS1 mice.	thioflavin T	6-17	hypocretin	Mus musculus	54-62
31927055-9	2020	By evaluating mitochondrial morphology, cytochrome c oxidase activity, ATP level, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and reactive oxygen species, we found that Orexin-A aggravated mitochondrial impairment in APP/PS1 mice and Abeta-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	Adenosine Triphosphate	71-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	156-164
31927055-9	2020	By evaluating mitochondrial morphology, cytochrome c oxidase activity, ATP level, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and reactive oxygen species, we found that Orexin-A aggravated mitochondrial impairment in APP/PS1 mice and Abeta-treated SH-SY5Y cells.	Oxygen	126-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	156-164
31365289-3	2019	Here we showed that bilateral microinjection of both orexin-A and orexin-B into the globus pallidus alleviated motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	129-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-61
31724150-0	2020	Reduced c-Fos expression in orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area and the locus coeruleus following injection of spinosin into mice.	spinosin	123-131	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
31724150-6	2020	Compared to the saline injection, the application of spinosin also resulted in a marked decrease in c-Fos expression in the LHA orexin neurons.	spinosin	53-61	hypocretin	Mus musculus	128-134
31724150-7	2020	CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that spinosin administration results in a restricted pattern of c-Fos expression within the LHA orexin neurons and the LC, suggesting that this particular neuronal inactivation contributes to sedation and hypnosis.	spinosin	41-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
30276922-4	2019	Both 10 and 20 mg/kg of cocaine induced similar magnitudes of CPP in mice and re-potentiation in their hippocampal slices, but differed in their susceptibility to TCS1102, a dual (OX1 and OX2 ) orexin receptor antagonist.	Cocaine	24-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	194-200
30276922-9	2019	Conversely, SCH23390 prevented orexin A-induced hippocampal re-potentiation.	SCH 23390	12-20	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-39
31667577-8	2019	In addition to the pathway via extracellular signal-regulated kinases, OXA triggered adenylyl cyclase-induced cAMP elevation, which results in protein kinase A-mediated activation of cAMP response element-binding proteins (CREB).	Cyclic AMP	110-114	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-74
31667577-8	2019	In addition to the pathway via extracellular signal-regulated kinases, OXA triggered adenylyl cyclase-induced cAMP elevation, which results in protein kinase A-mediated activation of cAMP response element-binding proteins (CREB).	Cyclic AMP	183-187	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-74
31365289-3	2019	Here we showed that bilateral microinjection of both orexin-A and orexin-B into the globus pallidus alleviated motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	129-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-74
31365289-3	2019	Here we showed that bilateral microinjection of both orexin-A and orexin-B into the globus pallidus alleviated motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	175-179	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-61
31365289-3	2019	Here we showed that bilateral microinjection of both orexin-A and orexin-B into the globus pallidus alleviated motor deficits in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonian mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	175-179	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-74
31365289-7	2019	Orexin-A-induced increase in firing rate of pallidal neurons in MPTP parkinsonian mice was stronger than that of normal mice.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	64-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
30253175-2	2019	Cocaine exposure is associated with presynaptic plasticity at LHA orexin cells such that excitatory input to orexin cells is enhanced acutely and into withdrawal.	Cocaine	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-72
31375626-8	2019	The transcriptome results were used to develop protocols for the production of HCRT and MCH neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells and ascorbic acid was found necessary for HCRT and BMP7 for MCH cell differentiation.	Ascorbic Acid	140-153	hypocretin	Mus musculus	178-182
30253175-2	2019	Cocaine exposure is associated with presynaptic plasticity at LHA orexin cells such that excitatory input to orexin cells is enhanced acutely and into withdrawal.	Cocaine	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	109-115
30253175-4	2019	Studies in hypothalamic slices from drug-naive animals indicate that agonism of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) reduces presynaptic glutamate release onto orexin cells.	Glutamic Acid	103-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	175-181
30253175-6	2019	First, we verified that group III mGluRs regulate orexin cell activity in behaving animals by showing that intra-LHA infusions of the selective agonist L-(+)-2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) reduces c-fos expression in orexin cells following 24 h food deprivation.	2-amino-4-phosphono-propinate	152-189	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-56
30253175-6	2019	First, we verified that group III mGluRs regulate orexin cell activity in behaving animals by showing that intra-LHA infusions of the selective agonist L-(+)-2-Amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) reduces c-fos expression in orexin cells following 24 h food deprivation.	2-amino-4-phosphono-propinate	152-189	hypocretin	Mus musculus	226-232
30253175-11	2019	These effects are likely mediated, at least in part, by normalization of presynaptic plasticity at orexin cells that occurs as a result of cocaine exposure.	Cocaine	139-146	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
30919010-5	2019	Cisplatin decreased the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA, which encodes precursors of orexin, in the hypothalamus of mice.	Cisplatin	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-51
30919010-5	2019	Cisplatin decreased the expression of prepro-orexin mRNA, which encodes precursors of orexin, in the hypothalamus of mice.	Cisplatin	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-51
30919010-7	2019	The effect of the H4 receptor antagonist on cisplatin-induced anorexia in mice was antagonized by an orexin OX2 receptor antagonist (JNJ10397049, 5 mg/kg) rather than an orexin OX1 receptor antagonist (SB408124, 30 mg/kg).	Cisplatin	44-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	101-107
29462275-5	2019	Bath application of HCRT1/orexin-A evoked an inward current and membrane depolarization in most nNOS/NK1R cells which persisted in tetrodotoxin; optogenetic stimulation of Hcrt terminals expressing channelrhodopsin-2 confirmed these results, and pharmacological studies determined that HCRTR1 mediated these responses.	Tetrodotoxin	131-143	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
31394498-0	2019	Chronotherapeutic effect of orexin antagonists on glucose metabolism in diabetic mice.	Glucose	50-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
31159922-3	2019	However, orexin neurons produce and release orexin as well as several co-transmitters including dynorphin and glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	110-119	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
31159923-7	2019	Moreover, VTAGad67+ directly innervated and inhibited wake-promoting orexin/hypocretin neurons by releasing GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	108-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-75
31159923-7	2019	Moreover, VTAGad67+ directly innervated and inhibited wake-promoting orexin/hypocretin neurons by releasing GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	108-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-86
31394498-3	2019	Resting-phase administration of dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) has been shown to improve sleep abnormalities and glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetic db/db mice, although the mechanism remains unknown.	Glucose	121-128	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-43
30465812-9	2019	Finally, in vivo microdialysis experiments showed that amphetamine potentiated orexin A-induced dopamine and glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Amphetamine	55-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-87
30465812-9	2019	Finally, in vivo microdialysis experiments showed that amphetamine potentiated orexin A-induced dopamine and glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Dopamine	96-104	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-87
30465812-9	2019	Finally, in vivo microdialysis experiments showed that amphetamine potentiated orexin A-induced dopamine and glutamate release in the ventral tegmental area (VTA).	Glutamic Acid	109-118	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-87
31029425-6	2019	Icv injection of an orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, which was enhanced by icv injection of orexin but not by direct injection of orexin into MBH.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	48-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-26
31029425-6	2019	Icv injection of an orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, which was enhanced by icv injection of orexin but not by direct injection of orexin into MBH.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	48-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	127-133
31029425-6	2019	Icv injection of an orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867 reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, which was enhanced by icv injection of orexin but not by direct injection of orexin into MBH.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	48-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	127-133
29462275-5	2019	Bath application of HCRT1/orexin-A evoked an inward current and membrane depolarization in most nNOS/NK1R cells which persisted in tetrodotoxin; optogenetic stimulation of Hcrt terminals expressing channelrhodopsin-2 confirmed these results, and pharmacological studies determined that HCRTR1 mediated these responses.	Tetrodotoxin	131-143	hypocretin	Mus musculus	172-176
30399595-3	2019	administration of orexin 1 (OX1) receptor antagonist -SB334867- alone or in combination with NO agents on depression using the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and the number of crossings in open-field test (OFT) in mice.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	54-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-24
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-159
30365112-5	2019	In addition, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of tau, p-tau, orexin A and orexin neurons express adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were markedly upregulated in the brain tissue of AD mice compared with that in samples obtained from control mice.	Adenosine	187-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-157
30905886-3	2019	The orexin receptor antagonist suvorexant, which specifically block the endogenous waking system, has been approved as a new drug to treat insomnia.	suvorexant	31-41	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-10
29964087-5	2018	Binding of OXA to OX1R was blocked using an OX1R antagonist, SB-334867.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	61-70	hypocretin	Mus musculus	11-14
30555297-2	2018	Orexin neurons send excitatory projections to serotonergic neurons in the DR, which express both subtypes of orexin receptors (Mieda et al., 2011), while serotonin (5-HT) potently inhibits orexin neurons through activation of 5HT1A receptors (5HT1ARs).	Serotonin	154-163	hypocretin	Mus musculus	189-195
30348769-4	2018	With injection of adeno-associated virus into the orexin-Cre transgenic mouse brain, we expressed the DREADD receptor hM3Dq specifically in orexin neurons and applied the hM3Dq ligand clozapine to activate orexin neurons.	Clozapine	184-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-56
30348769-4	2018	With injection of adeno-associated virus into the orexin-Cre transgenic mouse brain, we expressed the DREADD receptor hM3Dq specifically in orexin neurons and applied the hM3Dq ligand clozapine to activate orexin neurons.	Clozapine	184-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	140-146
30348769-4	2018	With injection of adeno-associated virus into the orexin-Cre transgenic mouse brain, we expressed the DREADD receptor hM3Dq specifically in orexin neurons and applied the hM3Dq ligand clozapine to activate orexin neurons.	Clozapine	184-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	140-146
30348769-7	2018	As an indication of reduced pain sensitivity, these orexin-DREADD mice took longer to respond to the 55  C thermal stimuli in the hot plate test and exhibited significantly less frequent licking of the formalin-injected paw in the formalin test.	Formaldehyde	202-210	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-58
30348769-7	2018	As an indication of reduced pain sensitivity, these orexin-DREADD mice took longer to respond to the 55  C thermal stimuli in the hot plate test and exhibited significantly less frequent licking of the formalin-injected paw in the formalin test.	Formaldehyde	231-239	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-58
30416119-8	2018	Additionally, YNT-185 promoted wakefulness in wild-type mice, suggesting that orexin receptor agonists may be useful for the treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness due to other conditions, such as sleepiness accompanying depression and sleepiness due to side effects of medicines or jet lag/shift work.	YNT-185	14-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
30524223-6	2018	The results from animal experiments demonstrated that orexin-A attenuated the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the decrease of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the substantia nigra, normalized the striatal dopaminergic fibers, and prevented the depletion of dopamine and its metabolites in the striatum.	Dopamine	86-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	54-62
30524223-8	2018	Orexin-A improved MPTP-induced impairments in both motor activity and spatial memory.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	18-22	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
30524223-10	2018	Furthermore, the protective effects of orexin-A on MPTP parkinsonian mice could be blocked by orexinergic receptor 1 (OX1R) antagonist, SB334867.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	136-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-47
30524223-13	2018	The present study demonstrated that orexin-A exerted neuroprotective effects on MPTP parkinsonian mice, which may imply orexin-A as a potential therapeutic target for PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	80-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	36-44
30524223-13	2018	The present study demonstrated that orexin-A exerted neuroprotective effects on MPTP parkinsonian mice, which may imply orexin-A as a potential therapeutic target for PD.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	80-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	120-128
29557083-0	2018	SB-334867 (an Orexin-1 Receptor Antagonist) Effects on Morphine-Induced Sensitization in Mice-a View on Receptor Mechanisms.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-20
29557083-0	2018	SB-334867 (an Orexin-1 Receptor Antagonist) Effects on Morphine-Induced Sensitization in Mice-a View on Receptor Mechanisms.	Morphine	55-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-20
29557083-1	2018	The present study focused upon the role of SB-334867, an orexin-1 receptor antagonist, in the acquisition of morphine-induced sensitization to locomotor activity in mice.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	43-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-63
29557083-1	2018	The present study focused upon the role of SB-334867, an orexin-1 receptor antagonist, in the acquisition of morphine-induced sensitization to locomotor activity in mice.	Morphine	109-117	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-63
29557083-11	2018	Summing up, the orexin system may be an effective measure to inhibit morphine-induced behavioral sensitization.	Morphine	69-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	16-22
30293961-0	2018	Relationship between the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-labeled orexin A and the calcium responses in cortical neurons: An in vivo two-photon calcium imaging study.	Rhodamines	51-60	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-77
29654707-0	2018	Melatonin promotes sleep in mice by inhibiting orexin neurons in the perifornical lateral hypothalamus.	Melatonin	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-53
29654707-4	2018	Does melatonin promote sleep by inhibiting orexin neurons?	Melatonin	5-14	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
29654707-12	2018	Local melatonin infusion at dark onset inhibited orexin neurons as evident by a significant reduction (66%, P = .0004) in the number of orexin neurons expressing c-Fos.	Melatonin	6-15	hypocretin	Mus musculus	49-55
29654707-12	2018	Local melatonin infusion at dark onset inhibited orexin neurons as evident by a significant reduction (66%, P = .0004) in the number of orexin neurons expressing c-Fos.	Melatonin	6-15	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-142
29654707-14	2018	Based on these results, we suggest that melatonin may act via the MT1 receptors to inhibit orexin neurons and promote sleep.	Melatonin	40-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-97
30293961-0	2018	Relationship between the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-labeled orexin A and the calcium responses in cortical neurons: An in vivo two-photon calcium imaging study.	Calcium	86-93	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-77
30293961-0	2018	Relationship between the fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-labeled orexin A and the calcium responses in cortical neurons: An in vivo two-photon calcium imaging study.	Calcium	147-154	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-77
30293961-3	2018	Here, we synthesized a rhodamine-labeled orexin A compound, enabling us to quantify the amount of orexin binding to its receptors, OX1 and OX2, which principally couple to the Gq/11 protein.	Rhodamines	23-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-49
30293961-3	2018	Here, we synthesized a rhodamine-labeled orexin A compound, enabling us to quantify the amount of orexin binding to its receptors, OX1 and OX2, which principally couple to the Gq/11 protein.	Rhodamines	23-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
30293961-5	2018	Applying rhodamine-labeled orexin A (10 muM) to the cortical surface gradually and heterogeneously increased both the intensity of the rhodamine fluorescence and [Ca2+]i.	Rhodamines	9-18	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
30293961-5	2018	Applying rhodamine-labeled orexin A (10 muM) to the cortical surface gradually and heterogeneously increased both the intensity of the rhodamine fluorescence and [Ca2+]i.	Rhodamines	135-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
30293961-6	2018	Calcium responses started simultaneously with the increase in rhodamine-labeled orexin fluorescence and reached a plateau within several minutes.	Calcium	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-86
30293961-6	2018	Calcium responses started simultaneously with the increase in rhodamine-labeled orexin fluorescence and reached a plateau within several minutes.	Rhodamines	62-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-86
29950444-0	2018	Opiates increase the number of hypocretin-producing cells in human and mouse brain and reverse cataplexy in a mouse model of narcolepsy.	Opiate Alkaloids	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-41
30225361-5	2018	To evaluate the relationship to the Hcrt system, we repeated the study in Orexin-tTA mice in the presence or absence of dietary doxycycline (DOX), which enabled us to manipulate the percentage of Hcrt neurons that expressed hM3Dq.	hm3dq	224-229	hypocretin	Mus musculus	196-200
30225361-6	2018	In DOX-fed mice, 18% of Hcrt neurons as well as many other LH neurons expressed hM3Dq; these mice showed a profound increase in wake after hM3Dq activation even in the presence of ALM.	Doxycycline	3-6	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-28
29999239-4	2018	Importantly, we found that orexin-A accelerated osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization in MC3T3-E1 cells, as manifested by elevation of physiological markers of osteoblastic differentiation [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteogenic genes] and Alizarin Red staining, respectively.	alizarin	258-270	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-35
29999239-7	2018	Also, orexin-induced increase in gene expression (Runx-2, ALP, osteocalcin, and osterix) and matrix mineralization were prevented by the p38 MAPK specific inhibitor SB203580.	SB 203580	165-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	6-12
29950444-4	2018	Studying five postmortem brains from heroin addicts, we report that the brain tissue had, on average, 54% more immunohistochemically detected neurons producing hypocretin than did control brains from neurologically normal subjects.	Heroin	37-43	hypocretin	Mus musculus	160-170
29950444-5	2018	Similar increases in hypocretin-producing cells could be induced in wild-type mice by long-term (but not short-term) administration of morphine.	Morphine	135-143	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-31
29950444-8	2018	Morphine administration restored the population of detected hypocretin cells to normal numbers in transgenic mice in which these neurons had been partially depleted.	Morphine	0-8	hypocretin	Mus musculus	60-70
29950444-10	2018	These findings suggest that opiate agonists may have a role in the treatment of narcolepsy, a disorder caused by hypocretin neuron loss, and that increased numbers of hypocretin-producing cells may play a role in maintaining opiate addiction.	Opiate Alkaloids	28-34	hypocretin	Mus musculus	113-123
29315422-1	2018	Study Objectives: In previous work, dietary branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation, precursors to de novo glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, restored impaired sleep-wake regulation and orexin neuronal activity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain	44-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	216-222
29409952-10	2018	Moreover, the increased adenosine in KO LH contributed to lower spontaneous firing rates of putative wake-promoting orexin/hypocretin neurons.	Adenosine	24-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	116-122
30155524-2	2018	To investigate co-expression of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT, a marker of GABA neurons) and the vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2, a marker of glutamate neurons) in orexin and MCH neurons, we generated two transgenic mouse lines.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	42-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	177-183
30155524-2	2018	To investigate co-expression of vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT, a marker of GABA neurons) and the vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT2, a marker of glutamate neurons) in orexin and MCH neurons, we generated two transgenic mouse lines.	Glutamic Acid	110-119	hypocretin	Mus musculus	177-183
29454841-3	2018	We report here an extensive study on cocaine-related behaviors in hypocretin/orexin-deficient mice (KO) and their heterozygous (HET) and wildtype (WT) littermates.	Cocaine	37-44	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
29454841-6	2018	Our observations show that whereas all mice exhibited quite similar responses to acute administration of cocaine, only Hcrt KO mice exhibited reduced cocaine-seeking behaviors following a period of abstinence or extinction, and reduced cocaine incubation craving.	Cocaine	150-157	hypocretin	Mus musculus	119-123
29454841-8	2018	We thus report that innate disruption of hypocretin/orexin signaling moderately alters cocaine reward but significantly reduces long-term affective dependence that may explain the lack of relapse for cocaine seeking seen in Hcrt KO mice.	Cocaine	87-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	52-58
29315422-1	2018	Study Objectives: In previous work, dietary branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation, precursors to de novo glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, restored impaired sleep-wake regulation and orexin neuronal activity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in mice.	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain	71-75	hypocretin	Mus musculus	216-222
29315422-2	2018	TBI was speculated to reduce orexin neuronal activity through decreased regional excitatory (glutamate) and/or increased inhibitory (GABA) input.	Glutamic Acid	93-102	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-35
29315422-2	2018	TBI was speculated to reduce orexin neuronal activity through decreased regional excitatory (glutamate) and/or increased inhibitory (GABA) input.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	133-137	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-35
29315422-3	2018	Therefore, we hypothesized that TBI would decrease synaptic glutamate and/or increase synaptic GABA in nerve terminals contacting orexin neurons, and BCAA supplementation would restore TBI-induced changes in synaptic glutamate and/or GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	95-99	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
29315422-8	2018	However, BCAA supplementation only restored relative glutamate density within presynaptic terminals contacting orexin-positive hypothalamic neurons.	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain	9-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	111-117
29315422-10	2018	Conclusions: These results suggest TBI compromises orexin neuron function via decreased glutamate density and highlight BCAA supplementation as a potential therapy to restore glutamate density to orexin neurons.	Amino Acids, Branched-Chain	120-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	196-202
29315422-10	2018	Conclusions: These results suggest TBI compromises orexin neuron function via decreased glutamate density and highlight BCAA supplementation as a potential therapy to restore glutamate density to orexin neurons.	Glutamic Acid	175-184	hypocretin	Mus musculus	196-202
29311142-7	2018	Photostimulation of LH/PF GABAergic neurons inhibited the firing of orexin neurons through the release of GABA, evoking GABAA-mediated IPSCs in orexin neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	26-30	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-74
29311142-7	2018	Photostimulation of LH/PF GABAergic neurons inhibited the firing of orexin neurons through the release of GABA, evoking GABAA-mediated IPSCs in orexin neurons.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	26-30	hypocretin	Mus musculus	144-150
29311142-12	2018	We propose that local release of dynorphin may, via collaterals, provides a positive feedback to orexin neurons and that, during wakefulness, orexin neurons may be disinhibited by acetylcholine and by their own release of dynorphin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral hypothalamus contains important wake-promoting cell populations, including orexin-producing neurons.	Acetylcholine	180-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	142-148
29311142-12	2018	We propose that local release of dynorphin may, via collaterals, provides a positive feedback to orexin neurons and that, during wakefulness, orexin neurons may be disinhibited by acetylcholine and by their own release of dynorphin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral hypothalamus contains important wake-promoting cell populations, including orexin-producing neurons.	Acetylcholine	180-193	hypocretin	Mus musculus	142-148
28549585-0	2017	Cystamine-mediated inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase triggers aggregation of misfolded orexin-A in the Golgi apparatus and prevents extracellular secretion of orexin-A.	Cystamine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	95-103
29426934-0	2018	Involvement of orexin neurons in fasting- and central adenosine-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	54-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-21
29426934-1	2018	We examined whether orexin neurons might play a protective role against fasting- and adenosine-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	85-94	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-26
29426934-4	2018	Orexin neurons were active just before onset of hypothermia and during the recovery period as revealed by calcium imaging in vivo using G-CaMP.	Calcium	106-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
29426934-4	2018	Orexin neurons were active just before onset of hypothermia and during the recovery period as revealed by calcium imaging in vivo using G-CaMP.	g-camp	136-142	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
29426934-9	2018	We propose that orexin neurons play dual roles (enhancer in the induction phase and compensator during the recovery phase) in adenosine-induced hypothermia and a protective/compensatory role in fasting-induced hypothermia.	Adenosine	126-135	hypocretin	Mus musculus	16-22
28966976-7	2017	Virtually all MCH and approximately half of the Hcrt/Ox neurons sampled express both the machinery for glutamate release and GABA synthesis in the absence of a vesicular GABA release pathway.	Glutamic Acid	103-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-52
28966976-7	2017	Virtually all MCH and approximately half of the Hcrt/Ox neurons sampled express both the machinery for glutamate release and GABA synthesis in the absence of a vesicular GABA release pathway.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	125-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-52
28867552-5	2017	This astrocyte-specific genetic manipulation silenced the wake-promoting orexin neurons located in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) by impairing glucose and lactate trafficking through astrocytic networks.	Glucose	148-155	hypocretin	Mus musculus	73-79
28867552-5	2017	This astrocyte-specific genetic manipulation silenced the wake-promoting orexin neurons located in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) by impairing glucose and lactate trafficking through astrocytic networks.	Lactic Acid	160-167	hypocretin	Mus musculus	73-79
28877723-9	2017	Besides, this CPP training process-induced hippocampal re-potentiation was prevented when mice were pretreated with TCS1102, a dual orexin receptor antagonist.	TCS 1102	116-123	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
29038792-0	2017	Neuroanatomical Relationships between Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons/Nerve Fibers and Nicotine-Induced c-Fos-Activated Cells of the Reward-Addiction Neurocircuitry.	Nicotine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-44
29038792-0	2017	Neuroanatomical Relationships between Orexin/Hypocretin-Containing Neurons/Nerve Fibers and Nicotine-Induced c-Fos-Activated Cells of the Reward-Addiction Neurocircuitry.	Nicotine	92-100	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-55
29038792-1	2017	Orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) are implicated in the neurobiology of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	104-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
29038792-1	2017	Orexin/hypocretin-containing neurons in lateral hypothalamus (LH) are implicated in the neurobiology of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	104-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-17
28549585-3	2017	Orexin-A has two closely located intramolecular disulfide bonds and is prone to misfolding due to the formation of incorrect disulfide bonds.	Disulfides	48-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
28549585-3	2017	Orexin-A has two closely located intramolecular disulfide bonds and is prone to misfolding due to the formation of incorrect disulfide bonds.	Disulfides	125-134	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
28549585-5	2017	PDI can modify misfolded orexin-A to its native form by rearrangement of two disulfide bonds.	Disulfides	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-33
28549585-11	2017	Moreover, cystamine triggered aggregation of orexin-A, but not orexin-B in the Golgi apparatus of hypothalamic slice cultures and in vivo mouse brains.	Cystamine	10-19	hypocretin	Mus musculus	45-53
28549585-13	2017	Finally, we demonstrated that cystamine significantly decreased extracellular secretion of orexin-A in AD293 cells overexpressing prepro-orexin.	Cystamine	30-39	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-99
30504686-0	2018	Endogenous Nitric Oxide Inhibits, Whereas Awakening Stimuli Increase, the Activity of a Subset of Orexin Neurons.	Nitric Oxide	11-23	hypocretin	Mus musculus	98-104
30504686-2	2018	Here we examined whether the activity of orexin neurons was regulated by endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in male C57BL/6 mice.	Nitric Oxide	84-96	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
27480648-0	2017	Hypocretin/orexin knock-out mice display disrupted behavioral and dopamine responses to cocaine.	Dopamine	66-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-17
27480648-0	2017	Hypocretin/orexin knock-out mice display disrupted behavioral and dopamine responses to cocaine.	Cocaine	88-95	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-17
27480648-1	2017	The hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) system is implicated in reward and reinforcement processes through actions on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.	Dopamine	122-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-21
27480648-1	2017	The hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) system is implicated in reward and reinforcement processes through actions on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.	Dopamine	122-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	23-27
27480648-1	2017	The hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) system is implicated in reward and reinforcement processes through actions on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.	Dopamine	132-134	hypocretin	Mus musculus	4-21
27480648-1	2017	The hypocretin/orexin (HCRT) system is implicated in reward and reinforcement processes through actions on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system.	Dopamine	132-134	hypocretin	Mus musculus	23-27
27480648-2	2017	Here we provide evidence for the relationship between HCRT and DA in vivo in anesthetized and freely moving mice.	Dopamine	63-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	54-58
27480648-4	2017	Using a combination of microdialysis and in vivo fast scan cyclic voltammetry in anesthetized and freely moving mice, we investigated the underlying role of HCRT in the regulation of DA release and uptake.	Dopamine	183-185	hypocretin	Mus musculus	157-161
27480648-7	2017	Further, diminished DA signaling in HCRT KO mice persists following administration of cocaine.	Cocaine	86-93	hypocretin	Mus musculus	36-40
27480648-8	2017	These findings indicate that HCRT is essential for the expression of behaviors associated with the rewarding effects of cocaine, and suggest that HCRT regulation of reward and reinforcement may be related to disruptions to DA neurotransmission.	Cocaine	120-127	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-33
28778226-3	2017	Although hypocretin receptor antagonists have been developed as sleep-inducing drugs, a high dose of suvorexant, a hypocretin receptor antagonist, inhibits gene expression of prepro-hypocretin to induce narcoleptic attack in wild-type mice.	suvorexant	101-111	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-19
28778226-3	2017	Although hypocretin receptor antagonists have been developed as sleep-inducing drugs, a high dose of suvorexant, a hypocretin receptor antagonist, inhibits gene expression of prepro-hypocretin to induce narcoleptic attack in wild-type mice.	suvorexant	101-111	hypocretin	Mus musculus	115-125
28778226-3	2017	Although hypocretin receptor antagonists have been developed as sleep-inducing drugs, a high dose of suvorexant, a hypocretin receptor antagonist, inhibits gene expression of prepro-hypocretin to induce narcoleptic attack in wild-type mice.	suvorexant	101-111	hypocretin	Mus musculus	115-125
28453642-5	2017	Results: Treatment with the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB334867 increased the activity of basolateral amygdala neurons projecting to infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex during fear extinction.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	57-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
28453642-7	2017	Conclusions: These data identify neuronal circuits and cell populations of the amygdala associated with the facilitation of fear extinction consolidation induced by the orexin-1 receptor antagonist SB334867.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	198-206	hypocretin	Mus musculus	169-175
28549585-14	2017	These findings suggest that cystamine-induced PDI inhibition induces selective depletion, aggregation in the Golgi apparatus and impaired secretion of orexin-A.	Cystamine	28-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	151-159
28549585-0	2017	Cystamine-mediated inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase triggers aggregation of misfolded orexin-A in the Golgi apparatus and prevents extracellular secretion of orexin-A.	Cystamine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	167-175
28353077-5	2017	RECENT FINDINGS: In normal rats and mice, central administration of orexin increases food intake, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity and these effects are blocked by selective orexin receptor antagonist SB-334867 or almorexant.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	215-224	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-74
28363838-13	2017	Then, among animals on HFD, orexin neurons were activated following injections of clozapine n-oxide (CNO).	clozapine N-oxide	82-99	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
28507129-5	2017	Intraperitoneal, and intracerebroventricular, administration of YNT-185 suppressed cataplexy-like episodes in orexin knockout and orexin neuron-ablated mice, but not in orexin receptor-deficient mice.	YNT-185	64-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	110-116
28507129-5	2017	Intraperitoneal, and intracerebroventricular, administration of YNT-185 suppressed cataplexy-like episodes in orexin knockout and orexin neuron-ablated mice, but not in orexin receptor-deficient mice.	YNT-185	64-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
28507129-5	2017	Intraperitoneal, and intracerebroventricular, administration of YNT-185 suppressed cataplexy-like episodes in orexin knockout and orexin neuron-ablated mice, but not in orexin receptor-deficient mice.	YNT-185	64-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
28580289-2	2017	The altered OX level is linked to a dramatic increase of the inhibitory innervation of OX producing neurons (OX neurons) and the over expression of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by OX neurons of ob/ob mice.	Endocannabinoids	152-167	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-14
28580289-2	2017	The altered OX level is linked to a dramatic increase of the inhibitory innervation of OX producing neurons (OX neurons) and the over expression of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by OX neurons of ob/ob mice.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	168-190	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-14
28580289-2	2017	The altered OX level is linked to a dramatic increase of the inhibitory innervation of OX producing neurons (OX neurons) and the over expression of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) by OX neurons of ob/ob mice.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	192-196	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-14
28580289-10	2017	Finally, the physiologic release of 2-AG induces a prevalent depression of inhibition (disinhibition) of OX neurons in ob/ob animals but not in wt.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	36-40	hypocretin	Mus musculus	105-107
28580289-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: In ob/ob mice, chronic absence of leptin induces a 2-AG mediated functional disinhibition of OX neurons.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	64-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	106-108
28533747-2	2017	Stress or orexin administration stimulates hyperarousal, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone release, and selective OX1R blockade can attenuate several stress-induced behavioral and cardiovascular responses but not the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation.	Corticosterone	96-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-16
28396432-0	2017	Serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe mediate the anticataplectic action of orexin neurons by reducing amygdala activity.	Serotonin	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-82
28396432-2	2017	In a mouse model for narcolepsy, we previously demonstrated that serotonin neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) mediate the suppression of cataplexy-like episodes (CLEs) by orexin neurons.	Serotonin	65-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	178-184
28396432-5	2017	Moreover, the optogenetic inhibition of serotonin nerve terminals in the amygdala blocked the anticataplectic effects of orexin signaling in DRN serotonin neurons.	Serotonin	40-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
28396432-5	2017	Moreover, the optogenetic inhibition of serotonin nerve terminals in the amygdala blocked the anticataplectic effects of orexin signaling in DRN serotonin neurons.	Serotonin	145-154	hypocretin	Mus musculus	121-127
28396432-6	2017	Taken together, the results suggest that DRN serotonin neurons, as a downstream target of orexin neurons, inhibit cataplexy by reducing the activity of amygdala as a center for emotional processing.	Serotonin	45-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	90-96
28223018-0	2017	Cerebral ischemia-induced elevation of hepatic inflammatory factors accompanied by glucose intolerance suppresses hypothalamic orexin-A-mediated vagus nerve activation.	Glucose	83-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	127-135
28209737-8	2017	To manipulate GABA cells specifically, we developed a new mouse line that enables genetic targeting of GABA cells in orexin-/- mice.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	103-107	hypocretin	Mus musculus	117-123
28353077-5	2017	RECENT FINDINGS: In normal rats and mice, central administration of orexin increases food intake, blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity and these effects are blocked by selective orexin receptor antagonist SB-334867 or almorexant.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	215-224	hypocretin	Mus musculus	188-194
28041630-9	2017	Intracerebroventricularly administered orexin-A dose-dependently attenuated oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia and increased tail flick latencies.	Oxaliplatin	76-87	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-47
28178514-0	2017	Projection-Target-Defined Effects of Orexin and Dynorphin on VTA Dopamine Neurons.	Dopamine	65-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-43
28178514-2	2017	We tested the actions of co-expressed lateral hypothalamic peptides, orexin A (oxA) and dynorphin (dyn), on projection-target-defined dopamine neurons in mice.	Dopamine	134-142	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-77
28178514-5	2017	OxA selectively increased firing in lAcbSh- and mAcbSh-projecting dopamine neurons.	lacbsh	36-42	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-3
28178514-5	2017	OxA selectively increased firing in lAcbSh- and mAcbSh-projecting dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	66-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-3
28097729-0	2017	The Role of Orexin Signaling in the Ventral Tegmental Area and Central Amygdala in Modulating Binge-Like Ethanol Drinking Behavior.	Ethanol	105-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-18
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	61-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	122-128
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	61-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-132
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	61-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	214-220
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	61-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	231-233
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	70-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	122-128
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	70-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-132
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	70-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	214-220
28097729-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Recent reports have demonstrated that binge-like ethanol (EtOH) drinking leads to an increase in hypothalamic orexin (OX) signaling and that suppressing this signaling via systemic administration of an orexin receptor (OXR) antagonist blocks this behavior; however, the specific OX pathways that modulate this behavior remain unknown.	Ethanol	70-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	231-233
28097729-2	2017	The goal of this study was to further elucidate the role of the OX system in binge-like EtOH drinking using behavioral, molecular, and pharmacological techniques.	Ethanol	88-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-66
28097729-4	2017	Experiment 1 examined changes in the OX precursor, prepro-orexin, within the hypothalamus following multiple cycle EtOH or sucrose DID using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.	Ethanol	115-119	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-39
28097729-4	2017	Experiment 1 examined changes in the OX precursor, prepro-orexin, within the hypothalamus following multiple cycle EtOH or sucrose DID using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.	Ethanol	115-119	hypocretin	Mus musculus	51-64
28097729-4	2017	Experiment 1 examined changes in the OX precursor, prepro-orexin, within the hypothalamus following multiple cycle EtOH or sucrose DID using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.	Sucrose	123-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-39
28097729-4	2017	Experiment 1 examined changes in the OX precursor, prepro-orexin, within the hypothalamus following multiple cycle EtOH or sucrose DID using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.	Sucrose	123-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	51-64
28097729-8	2017	Interestingly, inhibition of OX1Rs did not affect binge-like sucrose intake, which suggests that these OX circuits are specific for EtOH consumption.	Ethanol	132-136	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-31
28097729-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: As a whole, these data suggest that the VTA and CeA are important regions in which OX regulates binge-like EtOH drinking behavior.	Ethanol	120-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-98
28041630-10	2017	Oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia was completely reversed by orexin-A at a low dose that did not increase tail flick latency.	Oxaliplatin	0-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-76
28041630-12	2017	The analgesic effect of orexin-A on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia was completely antagonized by prior intraperitoneal injection of SB-408124 (orexin type-1 receptor antagonist), but not by prior intraperitoneal injection of TCS-OX2-29 (orexin type-2 receptor antagonist).	Oxaliplatin	36-47	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-32
28041630-12	2017	The analgesic effect of orexin-A on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia was completely antagonized by prior intraperitoneal injection of SB-408124 (orexin type-1 receptor antagonist), but not by prior intraperitoneal injection of TCS-OX2-29 (orexin type-2 receptor antagonist).	SB 408124	142-151	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-32
28041630-12	2017	The analgesic effect of orexin-A on oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia was completely antagonized by prior intraperitoneal injection of SB-408124 (orexin type-1 receptor antagonist), but not by prior intraperitoneal injection of TCS-OX2-29 (orexin type-2 receptor antagonist).	1-(3,4-dihydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2(1H)-isoquinolinyl)-3,3-dimethyl-2-((4-pyridinylmethyl)amino)-1-butanone	235-245	hypocretin	Mus musculus	24-32
27174745-6	2017	In testicular sections on 0day postpartum (dpp), gonocytes, Sertoli cells and foetal Leydig cells showed OXA and OX1R-immunopositive signals.	dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine	43-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	105-108
26562300-6	2016	For this, binding of OXA to OX1R was blocked using OX1R specific antagonist, SB-334867.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	77-86	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-24
26562300-10	2016	The decrease in expressions of OXA, OX1R and GLUT 3 in the test is in response to both doses of the antagonist points to their down-regulation causing inefficient uptake of glucose by the testicular cells, thereby affecting gonadal development.	Glucose	173-180	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-34
27751532-0	2016	Blockade of dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors impaired morphine-induced state-dependent learning.	Morphine	59-67	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
27751532-6	2016	Pre-test administration of orexin-1 (0.5, 5 and 50pmol, intra-CA1) had not a significant effect on the retention latency compared to the saline-treated animals, but it restored the memory impairment induced by pre-training morphine (5mg/kg, i.p.).	Morphine	223-231	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
27751532-10	2016	Conversely, pre-test injection of SB-334867 (10, 20 and 40nmol, intra-CA1) inhibited the orexin-1-induced potentiation of morphine state-dependent learning on the test day.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	34-43	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
27751532-10	2016	Conversely, pre-test injection of SB-334867 (10, 20 and 40nmol, intra-CA1) inhibited the orexin-1-induced potentiation of morphine state-dependent learning on the test day.	Morphine	122-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
27751532-11	2016	It is concluded that dorsal hippocampal orexin-1 receptors may be involved, at least in part, in morphine state-dependent learning in mice.	Morphine	97-105	hypocretin	Mus musculus	40-46
27631554-2	2016	To investigate this possibility, we here examined the effects of suvorexant, an antiinsomnia drug targeting the orexin system, on sleep and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice.	suvorexant	65-75	hypocretin	Mus musculus	112-118
27845440-7	2016	Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that linalool activated hypothalamic orexin neurons, one of the key mediators for pain processing.	linalool	56-64	hypocretin	Mus musculus	88-94
27845440-8	2016	Formalin tests in orexin neuron-ablated and orexin peptide-deficient mice showed orexinergic transmission was essential for linalool odour-induced analgesia.	Formaldehyde	0-8	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-24
27230703-2	2016	The activity of histamine neurons is increased by orexin neurons.	Histamine	16-25	hypocretin	Mus musculus	50-56
27683906-3	2016	This orexin-enhanced AHP (oeAHP) was mediated by both OX1 and OX2 receptors, required Ca(2+) influx, reversed near EK, and decayed with two components, the faster of which resulted from enhanced SK channel activation, whereas the slower component decayed like a slow AHP (sAHP), but was not blocked by UCL2077, an antagonist of sAHPs in some neurons.	sahps	328-333	hypocretin	Mus musculus	5-11
27449757-0	2016	Orexin A attenuates palmitic acid-induced hypothalamic cell death.	Palmitic Acid	20-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
27235100-10	2016	These results suggest that hcrt/orx, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, and neurotensin could contribute to high-frequency cortical activity through an action on L6b GABAergic FS cells.	orx	32-35	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-31
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	144-148	hypocretin	Mus musculus	112-116
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	144-148	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-134
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	173-177	hypocretin	Mus musculus	112-116
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	173-177	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-134
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	215-224	hypocretin	Mus musculus	112-116
27436148-5	2016	FRET and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed the formation of OX-1R/CB1R heteromers after incubation with OX-A (0.2muM), or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), but not after ACEA (0.2muM), in a manner antagonized by SB-334867 or AM251.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	215-224	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-134
27436148-6	2016	OX-A (0.2muM) or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM) also led to 2-AG biosynthesis.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	57-61	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
27436148-6	2016	OX-A (0.2muM) or OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM) also led to 2-AG biosynthesis.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	57-61	hypocretin	Mus musculus	17-21
27436148-7	2016	Finally, a stronger activation of ERK1/2(Thr202/185) phosphorylation in comparison to basal or each agonist alone (0.1-0.2muM), was induced by incubation with OX-A (0.1muM)+ACEA (0.1muM), again in a manner prevented by OX-1R or CB1R antagonism.	arachidonyl-2-chloroethylamide	173-177	hypocretin	Mus musculus	159-163
27625592-2	2016	Orexin-1-type receptors (OX1Rs) promote reward intake under conditions of strong drives for reward, including excessive alcohol intake.	Alcohols	120-127	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
27625592-6	2016	In contrast, intra-mNAsh infusion of the orexin-2 receptor TCS-OX2-29 had no impact on alcohol drinking.	Technetium	59-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
27625592-10	2016	Finally, orexin ex vivo enhanced firing in mNAsh neurons from alcohol-drinking mice, with no effect on evoked EPSCs or input resistance; a similar orexin increase in firing without a change in input resistance was observed in alcohol-naive mice.	Alcohols	62-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
26965217-4	2016	Orexin A ( 30 nM) attenuated LTP induced by theta burst stimulation (TBS) in a manner antagonized by an OX1R (SB-334867), but not OX2R (EMPA), antagonist.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	110-119	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
27068481-0	2016	Narcolepsy-like sleep disturbance in orexin knockout mice are normalized by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT.	8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin	104-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	37-43
26907809-9	2016	[Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B (i.pag.	Alanine	1-4	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-29
26907809-9	2016	[Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B (i.pag.	D-LEUCINE	10-15	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-29
26907809-9	2016	[Ala(11), D-Leu(15)]-orexin B (i.pag.	phenylacetylglycine	33-36	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-29
26907809-15	2016	These results suggest that during stress, hypothalamic orexin neurons are activated, releasing orexins into the vlPAG to induce analgesia, possibly via the OX1 receptor-initiated, endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition mechanism previously reported.	Endocannabinoids	180-195	hypocretin	Mus musculus	55-61
27118715-5	2016	Orexin-deficient mice were treated with different doses of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor reboxetine, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram, the alpha1 receptor agonist cirazoline or the alpha1 receptor antagonist prazosin.	Reboxetine	97-107	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
27118715-8	2016	Reboxetine (doses &gt;=0.55mg/kg) as well as escitalopram (doses &gt;=3.0mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the number of narcoleptic episodes in orexin-deficient mice.	Reboxetine	0-10	hypocretin	Mus musculus	143-149
27118715-8	2016	Reboxetine (doses &gt;=0.55mg/kg) as well as escitalopram (doses &gt;=3.0mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced the number of narcoleptic episodes in orexin-deficient mice.	Citalopram	45-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	143-149
27294196-6	2016	Although, GABABRs were observed in all Orx and MCH neurons (100%), the luminance of these receptors was differentially altered following SD.	gababrs	10-17	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-42
27294196-7	2016	The intensity of GABABRs in the Orx neurons was significantly greater after SD than after SC and SR, whereas that in the MCH neurons was significantly less.	gababrs	17-24	hypocretin	Mus musculus	32-35
27091533-9	2016	Co-administration of modafinil/flecainide resulted in a marked decrease in the number and duration of direct transitions to rapid eye movement sleep, which are characteristic of narcoleptic episodes in orexin knockout mice.	Flecainide	31-41	hypocretin	Mus musculus	202-208
27068481-3	2016	OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to investigate both the nature of the neuronal changes in orexin KO mice and the therapeutic effects of monoamine-related compounds on the sleep disorder in orexin KO mice.	monoamine	147-156	hypocretin	Mus musculus	200-206
27068481-6	2016	In addition, the sleep disorder in orexin KO mice, as analyzed by a polysomnography during the dark period, was completely normalized by 8-OH-DPAT.	8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin	137-146	hypocretin	Mus musculus	35-41
27276194-2	2016	Pharmacological treatment with the potent, selective and structurally distinct dual orexin receptor antagonists (ORAs) DORA-12 and DORA-2 significantly reduced pain responses during both phases I and II of the mouse formalin pain model and significantly reversed hyperalgesia in the rat complete Freund"s adjuvant pain model, respectively.	Formaldehyde	216-224	hypocretin	Mus musculus	84-90
27071101-0	2016	Orexin-A represses satiety-inducing POMC neurons and contributes to obesity via stimulation of endocannabinoid signaling.	Endocannabinoids	95-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
27071101-3	2016	OX-A is crucial for the control of wakefulness and energy homeostasis and promotes, in OX-1R-expressing cells, the biosynthesis of the endogenous counterpart of marijuana"s psychotropic and appetite-inducing component Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, i.e., the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which acts at CB1R.	Dronabinol	218-247	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
27071101-3	2016	OX-A is crucial for the control of wakefulness and energy homeostasis and promotes, in OX-1R-expressing cells, the biosynthesis of the endogenous counterpart of marijuana"s psychotropic and appetite-inducing component Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, i.e., the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which acts at CB1R.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	275-297	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
27071101-3	2016	OX-A is crucial for the control of wakefulness and energy homeostasis and promotes, in OX-1R-expressing cells, the biosynthesis of the endogenous counterpart of marijuana"s psychotropic and appetite-inducing component Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, i.e., the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which acts at CB1R.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	299-303	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-4
27071101-4	2016	We report that OX-A/OX-1R signaling at POMC neurons promotes 2-AG biosynthesis, hyperphagia, and weight gain by blunting alpha-MSH production via CB1R-induced and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation- and STAT3 inhibition-mediated suppression of Pomc gene transcription.	glyceryl 2-arachidonate	61-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-19
26799708-0	2016	Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in the pharmacological effects induced by Delta(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol.	Dronabinol	86-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	19-25
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	5-bromo-N-(1-(3-fluoro-2-methoxybenzoyl)-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methylpyridin-2-amine	61-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-27
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	5-bromo-N-(1-(3-fluoro-2-methoxybenzoyl)-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)methylpyridin-2-amine	61-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-38
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	Ethanol	89-96	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-27
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	Ethanol	89-96	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-38
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	Ethanol	109-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	21-27
26851547-0	2016	The highly selective orexin/hypocretin 1 receptor antagonist GSK1059865 potently reduces ethanol drinking in ethanol dependent mice.	Ethanol	109-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-38
26446112-7	2016	Orexin levels in the lateral hypothalamus/perifornical region (LH/P) and hypothalamic pathology were assessed with immunohistochemistry and oxygen polarography.	Oxygen	140-146	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
27091533-9	2016	Co-administration of modafinil/flecainide resulted in a marked decrease in the number and duration of direct transitions to rapid eye movement sleep, which are characteristic of narcoleptic episodes in orexin knockout mice.	Modafinil	21-30	hypocretin	Mus musculus	202-208
26492471-0	2016	Nighttime Administration of Nicotine Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via the Hypothalamic Orexin System in Mice.	Nicotine	28-36	hypocretin	Mus musculus	94-100
26492471-3	2016	The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin.	Nicotine	19-27	hypocretin	Mus musculus	133-146
26492471-3	2016	The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin.	Drinking Water	31-45	hypocretin	Mus musculus	133-146
26492471-6	2016	In the pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the oral nicotine treatment moderately suppressed glucose elevations in normal mice and mice lacking dopamine receptors, whereas this effect was abolished in orexin-deficient mice and hepatic parasympathectomized mice.	Nicotine	84-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	233-239
26492471-8	2016	These results indicated that the chronic daily administration of nicotine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis via the hypothalamic orexin-parasympathetic nervous system.	Nicotine	65-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	130-136
26306651-0	2015	Role of orexin A signaling in dietary palmitic acid-activated microglial cells.	Palmitic Acid	38-51	hypocretin	Mus musculus	8-16
26474479-0	2015	Histamine Transmission Modulates the Phenotype of Murine Narcolepsy Caused by Orexin Neuron Deficiency.	Histamine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
26306651-9	2015	Pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-alpha, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in microglial cells are increased following PA exposure, but are reduced by pretreatment with OXA.	Palmitic Acid	122-124	hypocretin	Mus musculus	172-175
26306651-11	2015	Finally, we show hypothalamic neurons exposed to conditioned media from PA-challenged microglia have increased cell survival only when microglia were pretreated with OXA.	Palmitic Acid	72-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	166-169
25623402-0	2015	Binge-like consumption of ethanol and other salient reinforcers is blocked by orexin-1 receptor inhibition and leads to a reduction of hypothalamic orexin immunoreactivity.	Ethanol	26-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
26343602-0	2015	7,8-Dihydroxyflavone reduces sleep during dark phase and suppresses orexin A but not orexin B in mice.	6,7-dihydroxyflavone	0-20	hypocretin	Mus musculus	68-76
26343602-11	2015	Interestingly, hypothalamic levels of orexin A were also significantly decreased in the DHF group (97 pg/mg) when compared with the vehicle-treated group (132 pg/mg).	6,7-dihydroxyflavone	88-91	hypocretin	Mus musculus	38-46
25813215-0	2015	Orexin A regulates plasma insulin and leptin levels in a time-dependent manner following a glucose load in mice.	Glucose	91-98	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
24297328-0	2015	Hypocretin (orexin) regulates glutamate input to fast-spiking interneurons in layer V of the Fr2 region of the murine prefrontal cortex.	Glutamic Acid	30-39	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-10
24297328-6	2015	Finally, hypocretin increased the firing frequency in FS cells, and the effect was blocked when the ionotropic glutamate transmission was inhibited.	Glutamic Acid	111-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-19
24297328-10	2015	We conclude that 1) hypocretin regulates glutamate release in Fr2; 2) the effect presents a presynaptic component; 3) the peptide control of FS cells is indirect, and probably mediated by the regulation of glutamatergic input onto these cells.	Glutamic Acid	41-50	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-30
25586545-10	2015	The OX1R antagonist SB334867 (10-6 M) and AKT antagonist PF-04691502 (10-6 M), when used individually or in combination, abolished the effect of orexin A (10-8 M) on BGC-823 cells.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	20-28	hypocretin	Mus musculus	145-153
25586545-10	2015	The OX1R antagonist SB334867 (10-6 M) and AKT antagonist PF-04691502 (10-6 M), when used individually or in combination, abolished the effect of orexin A (10-8 M) on BGC-823 cells.	2-amino-8-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)cyclohexyl)-6-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)-4-methylpyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7(8H)-one	57-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	145-153
25695914-3	2015	Here using optogenetic approaches in mice, we show that neurons that produce hypocretin (Hcrt)/orexin in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulate corticosterone release and a variety of behaviours and physiological hallmarks of the stress response.	Corticosterone	150-164	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-93
25695914-3	2015	Here using optogenetic approaches in mice, we show that neurons that produce hypocretin (Hcrt)/orexin in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) regulate corticosterone release and a variety of behaviours and physiological hallmarks of the stress response.	Corticosterone	150-164	hypocretin	Mus musculus	95-101
25249578-3	2015	Wild-type mice showed that a daily rhythm in blood glucose levels peaked at the awake period; however, the glucose rhythm disappeared in orexin knockout mice despite normal feeding rhythm.	Glucose	107-114	hypocretin	Mus musculus	137-143
25249578-4	2015	Central administration of orexin A during nighttime awake period acutely elevated blood glucose levels but subsequently lowered daytime glucose levels in normal and diabetic db/db mice.	Glucose	88-95	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
25249578-4	2015	Central administration of orexin A during nighttime awake period acutely elevated blood glucose levels but subsequently lowered daytime glucose levels in normal and diabetic db/db mice.	Glucose	136-143	hypocretin	Mus musculus	26-34
25249578-5	2015	The glucose-elevating and -lowering effects of orexin A were suppressed by adrenergic antagonists and hepatic parasympathectomy, respectively.	Glucose	4-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	47-55
25249578-9	2015	Collectively, the daily glucose rhythm under control of orexin appears to be important for maintaining ER homeostasis, thereby preventing insulin resistance in the liver.	Glucose	24-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	56-62
25462014-1	2015	Hypothalamic orexin-containing neurons are activated by CO2 and contribute to hypercapnic ventilatory activation.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	56-59	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
25462014-7	2015	These results correlate with those of our previous work showing that IH-induced respiratory long-term facilitation is dependent on orexin-containing neurons.	Ile-His	69-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	131-137
26500842-3	2015	Stimulatory and inhibitory leptin actions on dopamine neurons have been reported, e.g. by indirect actions on orexin neurons or via direct innervation of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area.	Dopamine	45-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	110-116
25953512-6	2015	The investigation afforded a potential therapeutic agent, (1R,2S)-2-{[(2,4-dimethylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy]methyl}-2-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide (E2006), an orally active, potent orexin antagonist.	Lemborexant	178-183	hypocretin	Mus musculus	211-217
25623402-0	2015	Binge-like consumption of ethanol and other salient reinforcers is blocked by orexin-1 receptor inhibition and leads to a reduction of hypothalamic orexin immunoreactivity.	Ethanol	26-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	148-154
25623402-2	2015	Consistent with these findings, a growing number of studies have implicated the OX system in modulating the rewarding properties of several drugs of abuse, including ethanol (EtOH).	Ethanol	166-173	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-82
25623402-2	2015	Consistent with these findings, a growing number of studies have implicated the OX system in modulating the rewarding properties of several drugs of abuse, including ethanol (EtOH).	Ethanol	175-179	hypocretin	Mus musculus	80-82
25623402-3	2015	However, the role of the OX system in excessive binge-like EtOH intake remains relatively unexplored.	Ethanol	59-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-27
25623402-4	2015	Here, we assessed changes in OX immunoreactivity (IR) in the hypothalamus following repeated cycles of binge-like EtOH drinking and assessed the participation of the OX-1 receptor (OX1R) in binge-like EtOH consumption.	Ethanol	114-118	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-31
25623402-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our observed reduction in OX IR in the LH indicates that the OX system in engaged during binge-like consumption of EtOH and sucrose.	Ethanol	128-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-41
25623402-11	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our observed reduction in OX IR in the LH indicates that the OX system in engaged during binge-like consumption of EtOH and sucrose.	Sucrose	137-144	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-41
25623402-12	2015	The observation that inhibition of the OX1R signaling blunted binge-like EtOH, and saccharin drinking suggests that reward-related OX circuits originating in the LH participate in the consumption of salient reinforcers regardless of calories.	Ethanol	73-77	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-41
25195718-2	2014	We have recently demonstrated that sleep deprivation stimulates local nitric oxide (NO) production by neuronal NO synthase in the lateral hypothalamus, which leads to selective degeneration of orexin neurons accompanied by formation of orexin-immunoreactive aggregates.	Nitric Oxide	70-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	193-199
25994341-10	2015	In addition, the mice showed disturbance of orexin neuron activity related to the sleep-arousal system, which is involved in fatigue symptoms under fasting condition, one of the states showing enhanced fatty acid metabolism.	Fatty Acids	202-212	hypocretin	Mus musculus	44-50
25195718-2	2014	We have recently demonstrated that sleep deprivation stimulates local nitric oxide (NO) production by neuronal NO synthase in the lateral hypothalamus, which leads to selective degeneration of orexin neurons accompanied by formation of orexin-immunoreactive aggregates.	Nitric Oxide	70-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	236-242
25278019-0	2014	Orexin/hypocretin activates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) via an Erk/Akt-independent and calcium-stimulated lysosome v-ATPase pathway.	Calcium	83-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
25278019-0	2014	Orexin/hypocretin activates mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) via an Erk/Akt-independent and calcium-stimulated lysosome v-ATPase pathway.	Calcium	83-90	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-17
25278019-4	2014	This orexin/GPCR-stimulated mTOR activation is sensitive to rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) but is independent of two well known mTORC1 activators, Erk and Akt.	Sirolimus	60-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	5-11
25278019-5	2014	Rather, our studies indicate that orexin activates mTORC1 via extracellular calcium influx and the lysosome pathway involving v-ATPase and Rag GTPases.	Calcium	76-83	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-40
25278019-6	2014	Moreover, a cytoplasmic calcium transient is sufficient to mimic orexin/GPCR signaling to mTORC1 activation in a v-ATPase-dependent manner.	Calcium	24-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-71
24930888-6	2014	The extinction-facilitating effects of the hypocretin receptor-1 antagonist SB334867 were associated with increased expression of cFos in the basolateral amygdala and the infralimbic cortex.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	76-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-53
24983661-3	2014	The present study evaluates from a pharmacological and a molecular approach the contribution of OX to excessive binge-like consumption of highly preferred palatable substances (sucrose and saccharin) in ad libitum-fed C57BL/6J mice.	Sucrose	177-184	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-98
24983661-3	2014	The present study evaluates from a pharmacological and a molecular approach the contribution of OX to excessive binge-like consumption of highly preferred palatable substances (sucrose and saccharin) in ad libitum-fed C57BL/6J mice.	Saccharin	189-198	hypocretin	Mus musculus	96-98
24983661-5	2014	(2) Four repetitive, 2-h daily episodes of sucrose and saccharin (but not water) binge-like drinking significantly dampened OX mRNA expression in the LH.	Sucrose	43-50	hypocretin	Mus musculus	124-126
24983661-5	2014	(2) Four repetitive, 2-h daily episodes of sucrose and saccharin (but not water) binge-like drinking significantly dampened OX mRNA expression in the LH.	Saccharin	55-64	hypocretin	Mus musculus	124-126
24951857-2	2014	Past studies have shown the role of the orexin peptide itself; however, orexin neurons contain not only orexin but also other neurotransmitters such as glutamate and dynorphin.	Glutamic Acid	152-161	hypocretin	Mus musculus	72-78
24951857-2	2014	Past studies have shown the role of the orexin peptide itself; however, orexin neurons contain not only orexin but also other neurotransmitters such as glutamate and dynorphin.	Glutamic Acid	152-161	hypocretin	Mus musculus	72-78
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	clozapine N-oxide	32-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-59
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	clozapine N-oxide	32-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	clozapine N-oxide	32-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	hm3dq	80-85	hypocretin	Mus musculus	53-59
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	hm3dq	80-85	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
24951857-5	2014	By intraperitoneal injection of clozapine-N oxide in orexin-Cre mice expressing hM3Dq in orexin neurons, we could selectively manipulate the activity of orexin neurons.	hm3dq	80-85	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
24951857-6	2014	Pharmacogenetic stimulation of orexin neurons simultaneously increased locomotive activity, food intake, water intake and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER).	Water	105-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
24951857-8	2014	Accordantly, 83% ablation of orexin neurons resulted in decreased food and water intake, while 70% ablation had almost no effect on these parameters.	Water	75-80	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-35
24806676-4	2014	Upon doxycycline removal from the diet of postpubertal orexin-tTA;TetO DTA mice, orexin neurodegeneration was rapid, with 80% cell loss within 7 d, and resulted in disrupted sleep architecture.	Doxycycline	5-16	hypocretin	Mus musculus	55-61
25107627-0	2014	Metabolic regulation of lateral hypothalamic glucose-inhibited orexin neurons may influence midbrain reward neurocircuitry.	Glucose	45-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	63-69
25107627-1	2014	Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) orexin neurons modulate reward-based feeding by activating ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons.	Dopamine	120-128	hypocretin	Mus musculus	32-38
25107627-1	2014	Lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) orexin neurons modulate reward-based feeding by activating ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons.	Dopamine	130-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	32-38
25107627-2	2014	We hypothesize that signals of peripheral energy status influence reward-based feeding by modulating the glucose sensitivity of LHA orexin glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons.	Glucose	105-112	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
25107627-4	2014	Low glucose directly activated ~60% of LHA orexin-GFP neurons in both whole cell and cell attached recordings.	Glucose	4-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	43-49
25107627-5	2014	Leptin indirectly reduced and ghrelin directly enhanced the activation of LHA orexin-GI neurons by glucose decreases from 2.5 to 0.1mM by 53+-12% (n=16, P&lt;0.001) and 41+-24% (n=8, P&lt;0.05), respectively.	Glucose	99-106	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
25107627-7	2014	Fasting increased activation of LHA orexin-GI neurons by decreased glucose, as would be predicted by these hormonal effects.	Glucose	67-74	hypocretin	Mus musculus	36-42
25107627-11	2014	Orexin-1 but not 2 receptor antagonism with SB334867 (10muM; n=9) and TCS-OX2-29 (2muM; n=5), respectively, blocks the effects of decreased glucose on VTA DA neurons.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	44-52	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
25107627-11	2014	Orexin-1 but not 2 receptor antagonism with SB334867 (10muM; n=9) and TCS-OX2-29 (2muM; n=5), respectively, blocks the effects of decreased glucose on VTA DA neurons.	Glucose	140-147	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
25107627-12	2014	Thus, decreased glucose increases orexin-dependent excitatory glutamate neurotransmission onto VTA DA neurons.	Glucose	16-23	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-40
25107627-12	2014	Thus, decreased glucose increases orexin-dependent excitatory glutamate neurotransmission onto VTA DA neurons.	Glutamic Acid	62-71	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-40
25107627-13	2014	These data suggest that the glucose sensitivity of LHA orexin-GI neurons links metabolic state and reward-based feeding.	Glucose	28-35	hypocretin	Mus musculus	55-61
25143620-0	2014	Leptin acts via lateral hypothalamic area neurotensin neurons to inhibit orexin neurons by multiple GABA-independent mechanisms.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	100-104	hypocretin	Mus musculus	73-79
24874709-0	2014	Orexin A-induced anxiety-like behavior is mediated through GABA-ergic, alpha- and beta-adrenergic neurotransmissions in mice.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	59-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
24874709-8	2014	Our results show that orexin A decreases significantly the time spent in the arms (open/open+closed) and this action is reversed by bicuculline, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but not by atropine, haloperidol or nitro-l-arginine.	Bicuculline	132-143	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-30
24874709-8	2014	Our results show that orexin A decreases significantly the time spent in the arms (open/open+closed) and this action is reversed by bicuculline, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but not by atropine, haloperidol or nitro-l-arginine.	Phenoxybenzamine	145-161	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-30
24874709-8	2014	Our results show that orexin A decreases significantly the time spent in the arms (open/open+closed) and this action is reversed by bicuculline, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but not by atropine, haloperidol or nitro-l-arginine.	Propranolol	166-177	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-30
24874709-8	2014	Our results show that orexin A decreases significantly the time spent in the arms (open/open+closed) and this action is reversed by bicuculline, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, but not by atropine, haloperidol or nitro-l-arginine.	Nitroarginine	215-231	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-30
24874709-9	2014	Our results provide evidence for the first time that the orexin A-induced anxiety-like behavior is mediated through GABA-A-ergic, alpha- and beta-adrenergic neurotransmissions, whereas muscarinic cholinergic, dopaminergic and nitrergic neurotransmissions may not be implicated.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	116-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	57-65
24806676-4	2014	Upon doxycycline removal from the diet of postpubertal orexin-tTA;TetO DTA mice, orexin neurodegeneration was rapid, with 80% cell loss within 7 d, and resulted in disrupted sleep architecture.	Doxycycline	5-16	hypocretin	Mus musculus	81-87
24478100-7	2014	Using Neuro-2a cells, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, TeNT HCR (HCR/T) and TeNT(RY) were found to bind gangliosides with similar affinities and specificities, consistent with the HCR domain containing receptor binding function.	Gangliosides	104-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	60-63
24806676-4	2014	Upon doxycycline removal from the diet of postpubertal orexin-tTA;TetO DTA mice, orexin neurodegeneration was rapid, with 80% cell loss within 7 d, and resulted in disrupted sleep architecture.	1-(carboxymethylthio)tetradecane	61-65	hypocretin	Mus musculus	81-87
24806676-7	2014	Temporary doxycycline removal followed by reintroduction after several days enabled partial lesion of orexin neurons.	Doxycycline	10-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	102-108
24790280-3	2014	In the PF-LHA, HCRT neurons are intermingled with glutamate-expressing neurons and also co-express glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	99-108	hypocretin	Mus musculus	15-19
24790280-4	2014	Evidence suggests that HCRT-glutamate interactions within the PF-LHA may play a critical role in maintaining behavioral arousal.	Glutamic Acid	28-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	23-27
24790280-7	2014	We used reverse microdialysis to deliver N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) into the HCRT zone of the PF-LHA in HCRT-KO and wild-type (WT) mice to evaluate the contributions of glutamatergic vs. HCRT signaling in sleep-wake regulation.	N-Methylaspartate	63-67	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-82
24790280-8	2014	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: As compared to respective controls, local perfusion of NMDA into the PF-LHA, dose-dependently increased active-waking with concomitant reductions in nonREM and REM sleep in spontaneously sleeping WT as well as HCRT-KO mice.	N-Methylaspartate	81-85	hypocretin	Mus musculus	236-240
24790280-9	2014	However, compared to WT, the NMDA-induced behavioral changes in HCRT-KO mice were significantly attenuated, as evidenced by the higher dose of NMDA needed and lower magnitude of changes induced in sleep-wake parameters.	N-Methylaspartate	29-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-68
24790280-9	2014	However, compared to WT, the NMDA-induced behavioral changes in HCRT-KO mice were significantly attenuated, as evidenced by the higher dose of NMDA needed and lower magnitude of changes induced in sleep-wake parameters.	N-Methylaspartate	143-147	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-68
24790280-10	2014	Although not observed in WT mice, the number of cataplectic events increased significantly during NMDA-induced behavioral arousal in HCRT-KO mice.	N-Methylaspartate	98-102	hypocretin	Mus musculus	133-137
24368186-7	2014	In addition, the cAMP response element reporter activities were significantly reduced, whereas the serum response element luciferase and the T-lymphocyte activation of nuclear factor-responsive element reporter activity were significantly up-regulated after Orexin(s) stimulation.	Cyclic AMP	17-21	hypocretin	Mus musculus	258-264
24759941-1	2014	Orexin-A (a neuropeptide in the hypothalamus) plays an important role in many physiological functions, including the regulation of glucose metabolism.	Glucose	131-138	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
24478100-7	2014	Using Neuro-2a cells, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, TeNT HCR (HCR/T) and TeNT(RY) were found to bind gangliosides with similar affinities and specificities, consistent with the HCR domain containing receptor binding function.	Gangliosides	104-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-70
24478100-7	2014	Using Neuro-2a cells, a mouse neuroblastoma cell line, TeNT HCR (HCR/T) and TeNT(RY) were found to bind gangliosides with similar affinities and specificities, consistent with the HCR domain containing receptor binding function.	Gangliosides	104-116	hypocretin	Mus musculus	65-68
24466352-4	2014	We also found that: i- HFD-mediated orosensory stimulation was required for the mesolimbic pathway activation, ii- acute HFD differentially activates dopamine neurons of the paranigral, parabrachial pigmented and interfascicular sub-regions of the VTA, and iii- orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area are responsive to acute HFD.	Dopamine	150-158	hypocretin	Mus musculus	262-268
24466352-5	2014	Moreover, orexin signaling blockade, with the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867, reduces acute HFD consumption and c-Fos induction in the VTA but not in the other mesolimbic nuclei under study.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	75-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-16
24466352-5	2014	Moreover, orexin signaling blockade, with the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867, reduces acute HFD consumption and c-Fos induction in the VTA but not in the other mesolimbic nuclei under study.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	75-84	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
23707248-5	2013	We further confirmed that green light illumination for 1h in the dark period suppressed orexin neuronal activity in vivo using c-Fos expression.	Hydrogen	55-57	hypocretin	Mus musculus	88-94
24574958-6	2014	The prepro-orexin knockout mouse has a significantly attenuated ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex, and in normal rats, central application of orexin stimulates breathing while blocking orexin receptors decreases the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	76-79	hypocretin	Mus musculus	11-17
24574958-6	2014	The prepro-orexin knockout mouse has a significantly attenuated ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex, and in normal rats, central application of orexin stimulates breathing while blocking orexin receptors decreases the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	222-225	hypocretin	Mus musculus	11-17
24574958-6	2014	The prepro-orexin knockout mouse has a significantly attenuated ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex, and in normal rats, central application of orexin stimulates breathing while blocking orexin receptors decreases the ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	222-225	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-142
24574958-7	2014	Interestingly, SHRs have a significantly increased ventilatory CO2 chemoreflex relative to normotensive WKY rats and blocking both orexin receptors can normalize this exaggerated response.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	63-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	131-137
24574958-10	2014	Treating SHRs by blocking both orexin receptors with oral administration of an antagonist, almorexant (Almxt), can normalize the CO2 chemoreflex and significantly lower ABP and SNA.	almorexant	91-101	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
24574958-10	2014	Treating SHRs by blocking both orexin receptors with oral administration of an antagonist, almorexant (Almxt), can normalize the CO2 chemoreflex and significantly lower ABP and SNA.	almorexant	103-108	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
24574958-10	2014	Treating SHRs by blocking both orexin receptors with oral administration of an antagonist, almorexant (Almxt), can normalize the CO2 chemoreflex and significantly lower ABP and SNA.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	129-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-37
24391530-7	2013	Considering published behavioral data, these findings support a model in which orexin-mediated excitation of mesopontine cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons contributes little to stabilizing spontaneous waking and sleep bouts, but functions in context-dependent arousal and helps restrict muscle atonia to REM sleep.	mesopontine	109-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	79-85
23959674-0	2013	Orexin neurons are indispensable for prostaglandin E2-induced fever and defence against environmental cooling in mice.	Dinoprostone	37-53	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
23959674-6	2013	In WT and ORX-KO mice, the administration of PGE2 and cold exposure activated orexin neurons, as revealed by increased levels of expression of c-fos.	Dinoprostone	45-49	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-84
23959674-10	2013	In addition, these results indicate the possible involvement of glutamate in orexin neurons implicated in PGE2-induced fever.	Glutamic Acid	64-73	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
23959674-10	2013	In addition, these results indicate the possible involvement of glutamate in orexin neurons implicated in PGE2-induced fever.	Dinoprostone	106-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
24223949-7	2013	Twelve genes, including Ptgds, Hcrt, Tmed2, Klc1, and Nedd4, whose mRNA expressions were down-regulated by the neonatal EB treatment, were chosen for further examination by semiquantitative RT-PCR in the hypothalamus of perinatal intact male and female mice.	estradiol 3-benzoate	120-122	hypocretin	Mus musculus	31-35
24223949-10	2013	Some genes, such as Ptgds encoding prostaglandin D2 production enzyme and Hcrt encording orexin, have been reported to have a role in neuroprotection.	Prostaglandin D2	35-51	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
23707248-6	2013	Continuous 1h silencing of orexin neurons in freely moving orexin-tTA; TetO ArchT mice during the night (the active period, 20:00-21:00) significantly increased total time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased total wake time.	Hydrogen	11-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
23707248-6	2013	Continuous 1h silencing of orexin neurons in freely moving orexin-tTA; TetO ArchT mice during the night (the active period, 20:00-21:00) significantly increased total time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and decreased total wake time.	Hydrogen	11-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	59-65
23880022-2	2013	In the present study we evaluated the role of orexin in ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization.	Ethanol	56-63	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
23880022-7	2013	In the second experiment, mice were treated as in Experiment 1 and type 1 orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867 (20mg/kg), was administered before the ethanol challenge successfully blocking the expression of sensitization in mice chronically treated with EtOH.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	102-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	74-80
23880022-8	2013	These results indicate that orexin plays a role in ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization.	Ethanol	51-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	28-34
23408466-8	2013	Risperidone induced a higher UCP1 mRNA (P = 0.003) and a lower orexin mRNA (P = 0.001) than placebo.	Risperidone	0-11	hypocretin	Mus musculus	63-69
23997373-3	2013	DESIGN: 5HT1A receptor expression level was specifically and reversibly controlled in the orexin neurons using the Tet-off system.	tetramethylenedisulfotetramine	115-118	hypocretin	Mus musculus	90-96
23997373-4	2013	The responsiveness of orexin neurons to 5HT in vitro and the sleep/wakefulness patterns were compared between 5HT1A-overexpressing and control mice.	Serotonin	40-43	hypocretin	Mus musculus	22-28
23997373-5	2013	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: When the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed in orexin neurons of Orexin-EGFP; orexin-tTA; TetO Htr1a mice, 5HT-induced inhibition of orexin neurons was prolonged.	Serotonin	35-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	71-77
23997373-5	2013	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: When the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed in orexin neurons of Orexin-EGFP; orexin-tTA; TetO Htr1a mice, 5HT-induced inhibition of orexin neurons was prolonged.	Serotonin	35-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	89-95
23997373-5	2013	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: When the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed in orexin neurons of Orexin-EGFP; orexin-tTA; TetO Htr1a mice, 5HT-induced inhibition of orexin neurons was prolonged.	Serotonin	35-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	102-108
23997373-5	2013	MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: When the 5HT1A receptor was overexpressed in orexin neurons of Orexin-EGFP; orexin-tTA; TetO Htr1a mice, 5HT-induced inhibition of orexin neurons was prolonged.	Serotonin	35-38	hypocretin	Mus musculus	102-108
23997373-7	2013	However, when the 5HT1A receptor in orexin neurons was reduced to basal expression levels in the presence of doxycycline, sleep/wakefulness patterns in Orexin-tTA; TetO Htr1a mice during the early active period were indistinguishable from those of littermate TetO Htr1a mice.	Doxycycline	109-120	hypocretin	Mus musculus	36-42
23904594-4	2013	An endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin replicated the effect of NOC18 with regard to decrease of orexin-IR neurons and formation of aggregates.	Tunicamycin	40-51	hypocretin	Mus musculus	110-116
23904594-6	2013	Moreover, PDI inhibitors, such as cystamine and securinine, caused a selective decrease of orexin neurons and promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates.	Cystamine	34-43	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-97
23904594-6	2013	Moreover, PDI inhibitors, such as cystamine and securinine, caused a selective decrease of orexin neurons and promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates.	Cystamine	34-43	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
23904594-6	2013	Moreover, PDI inhibitors, such as cystamine and securinine, caused a selective decrease of orexin neurons and promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates.	securinine	48-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-97
23904594-6	2013	Moreover, PDI inhibitors, such as cystamine and securinine, caused a selective decrease of orexin neurons and promoted formation of orexin-A-IR aggregates.	securinine	48-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
23625921-4	2013	Considering that the metabolic status affects orexin expression, we supplemented the culture medium with a nutrient factor, ManNAc, and succeeded in generating functional orexin neurons from mouse ES cells.	N-acetylmannosamine	124-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
23904594-0	2013	Nitric oxide mediates selective degeneration of hypothalamic orexin neurons through dysfunction of protein disulfide isomerase.	Nitric Oxide	0-12	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-67
23904594-1	2013	We addressed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in orexin neuron degeneration that has been observed under various pathological conditions.	Nitric Oxide	25-37	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
23625921-4	2013	Considering that the metabolic status affects orexin expression, we supplemented the culture medium with a nutrient factor, ManNAc, and succeeded in generating functional orexin neurons from mouse ES cells.	N-acetylmannosamine	124-130	hypocretin	Mus musculus	171-177
23625921-7	2013	In the orexin neurons induced by supplementation of ManNAc, the T-DMR of the Hcrt gene was hypomethylated in association with higher H3/H4 acetylation.	N-acetylmannosamine	52-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-13
23625921-7	2013	In the orexin neurons induced by supplementation of ManNAc, the T-DMR of the Hcrt gene was hypomethylated in association with higher H3/H4 acetylation.	N-acetylmannosamine	52-58	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-81
23625921-9	2013	In non-orexin-expressing cells, H3/H4 hypoacetylation and hyper-O-GlcNAc modification were observed at the T-DMRs occupied by O-GlcNAc transferase and Sirt1.	hyper-o-glcnac	58-72	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-13
23625921-9	2013	In non-orexin-expressing cells, H3/H4 hypoacetylation and hyper-O-GlcNAc modification were observed at the T-DMRs occupied by O-GlcNAc transferase and Sirt1.	t-dmrs	107-113	hypocretin	Mus musculus	7-13
23625921-10	2013	Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the glucose metabolite, ManNAc, induces switching from the inactive state by Ogt-Sirt1 to the active state by Mgea5, p300, and CBP at the Hcrt gene locus.	Glucose	61-68	hypocretin	Mus musculus	195-199
23625921-10	2013	Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that the glucose metabolite, ManNAc, induces switching from the inactive state by Ogt-Sirt1 to the active state by Mgea5, p300, and CBP at the Hcrt gene locus.	N-acetylmannosamine	81-87	hypocretin	Mus musculus	195-199
23373812-8	2013	RSG administration rescued brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) deficiency in the cerebral cortex, and prevented loss of orexin-A-immunopositive neurons in the hypothalamus of N171-82Q HD mice.	Rosiglitazone	0-3	hypocretin	Mus musculus	124-132
23510906-5	2013	Moreover, orexin-deficient mice maintained under ad libitum-fed conditions after defeat stress exhibited hyperinsulinemia and elevated HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance), despite normal fasting blood glucose levels.	Glucose	227-234	hypocretin	Mus musculus	10-16
23510906-6	2013	In a pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic insulin sensitivity, chronic stress-induced abnormal glucose elevation was observed in orexin-deficient but not wild-type mice, although both types of mice were susceptible to chronic stress.	Pyruvic Acid	5-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-142
23510906-6	2013	In a pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic insulin sensitivity, chronic stress-induced abnormal glucose elevation was observed in orexin-deficient but not wild-type mice, although both types of mice were susceptible to chronic stress.	Glucose	102-109	hypocretin	Mus musculus	136-142
23477964-0	2013	The impact of hypothermia on emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in orexin neuron-ablated mice.	Isoflurane	44-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-75
23516292-12	2013	Our studies demonstrate that Hcrt neurons play an important role in the consolidation of social recognition memory, at least in part through enhancements of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation.	Cyclic AMP	193-197	hypocretin	Mus musculus	29-33
23318871-0	2013	Repeated in vivo exposure of cocaine induces long-lasting synaptic plasticity in hypocretin/orexin-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus in mice.	Cocaine	29-36	hypocretin	Mus musculus	92-98
23255725-10	2013	Hypocretin excited MCH cells by activating a sodium-calcium exchanger and by reducing potassium currents; NPY reduced activity by increasing an inwardly rectifying potassium current.	Potassium	86-95	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-10
23508038-6	2013	For example, orexin neurons are regulated by peripheral metabolic cues, including ghrelin, leptin, and glucose concentration.	Glucose	103-110	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
22995645-3	2013	We investigated the effects of systemic administration of orexin-1-receptor antagonist, SB 334867, and orexin-2 receptor antagonist, TCS-OX2-29 on the acquisition and expression of morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) in both naive and morphine-dependent mice.	Morphine	181-189	hypocretin	Mus musculus	103-109
22995645-7	2013	The rewarding effect of morphine has stronger correlation with orexin-2 receptors in morphine-dependent mice while it depends on both kinds of receptors in naive mice.	Morphine	24-32	hypocretin	Mus musculus	63-69
22995645-7	2013	The rewarding effect of morphine has stronger correlation with orexin-2 receptors in morphine-dependent mice while it depends on both kinds of receptors in naive mice.	Morphine	85-93	hypocretin	Mus musculus	63-69
23117790-1	2013	Orexin-A (a glucose-sensing neuropeptide in the hypothalamus) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a member of the neurotrophin family) play roles in many physiologic functions, including regulation of glucose metabolism.	Glucose	12-19	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
23117790-1	2013	Orexin-A (a glucose-sensing neuropeptide in the hypothalamus) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; a member of the neurotrophin family) play roles in many physiologic functions, including regulation of glucose metabolism.	Glucose	210-217	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
23117790-11	2013	These results suggest that suppression of postischemic glucose intolerance by orexin-A assists in the prevention of cerebral ischemic neuronal damage.	Glucose	55-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-86
23117790-9	2013	Intrahypothalamic administration of orexin-A (1 or 5 pmol/mouse) significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the development of postischemic glucose intolerance on day 1 and development of neuronal damage on day 3.	Glucose	143-150	hypocretin	Mus musculus	36-44
23117790-10	2013	The MCAO-induced decrease in insulin receptor levels in the liver and skeletal muscle on day 1 was recovered to control levels by orexin-A, and this effect of orexin-A was reversed by the administration of SB334867 as well as by hypothalamic BDNF knockdown.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	206-214	hypocretin	Mus musculus	159-167
22956835-3	2012	A major pathway by which hcrt/orx neurons are thought to promote arousal is through projections to tuberomammillary histamine (HA) neurons.	Histamine	116-125	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-29
23204605-0	2012	The dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant induces sleep and decreases orexin-induced locomotion by blocking orexin 2 receptors.	almorexant	36-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
23204605-0	2012	The dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant induces sleep and decreases orexin-induced locomotion by blocking orexin 2 receptors.	almorexant	36-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	75-81
23204605-0	2012	The dual orexin receptor antagonist almorexant induces sleep and decreases orexin-induced locomotion by blocking orexin 2 receptors.	almorexant	36-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	75-81
22956835-3	2012	A major pathway by which hcrt/orx neurons are thought to promote arousal is through projections to tuberomammillary histamine (HA) neurons.	Histamine	127-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-29
22453138-0	2012	Activation of the orexin 1 receptor is a critical component of CO2-mediated anxiety and hypertension but not bradycardia.	N2,N6-bis(4-(2-aminoethoxy)quinolin-2-yl)-4-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide	63-66	hypocretin	Mus musculus	18-24
22652455-14	2012	Orexin B induced ERK phosphorylation in mouse hypothalamus neuron cells differs from CHO cell line and cannot be inhibited by PKC inhibitor GF 109203X.	bisindolylmaleimide I	140-150	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
22617356-0	2012	Yohimbine depresses excitatory transmission in BNST and impairs extinction of cocaine place preference through orexin-dependent, norepinephrine-independent processes.	Yohimbine	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	111-117
22617356-3	2012	Recent studies show yohimbine-induced drug-seeking behavior is attenuated by orexin receptor 1 (OX(1)R) antagonists.	Yohimbine	20-29	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-83
22617356-5	2012	Here, we investigated yohimbine-orexin interactions.	Yohimbine	22-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	32-38
22617356-6	2012	Our results demonstrate yohimbine-induced depression of excitatory transmission in the BNST is unaffected by alpha1-AR and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 (CRFR(1)) antagonists, but is (1) blocked by OxR antagonists and (2) absent in brain slices from orexin knockout mice.	Yohimbine	24-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	262-268
22617356-7	2012	Although the actions of yohimbine were not mimicked by the norepinephrine transporter blocker reboxetine, they were by exogenously applied orexin A.	Yohimbine	24-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	139-147
22617356-8	2012	We find that, as with yohimbine, orexin A depression of excitatory transmission in BNST is OX(1)R-dependent.	Yohimbine	22-31	hypocretin	Mus musculus	33-41
22617356-10	2012	These data highlight a new mechanism for orexin on excitatory anxiety circuits and demonstrate that some of the actions of yohimbine may be directly dependent upon orexin signaling and independent of norepinephrine and CRF in the BNST.	Yohimbine	123-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
22617356-10	2012	These data highlight a new mechanism for orexin on excitatory anxiety circuits and demonstrate that some of the actions of yohimbine may be directly dependent upon orexin signaling and independent of norepinephrine and CRF in the BNST.	Yohimbine	123-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	164-170
22641088-0	2012	Ghrelin-deficient mice have fewer orexin cells and reduced cFOS expression in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway under a restricted feeding paradigm.	Ghrelin	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	34-40
22453138-3	2012	Recent evidence has demonstrated that wake-promoting hypothalamic orexin (ORX: also known as hypocretin) neurons are highly sensitive to local changes in CO(2)/H(+), and mice lacking prepro-ORX have blunted respiratory responses to hypercapnia.	co(2)	154-159	hypocretin	Mus musculus	66-72
22453138-3	2012	Recent evidence has demonstrated that wake-promoting hypothalamic orexin (ORX: also known as hypocretin) neurons are highly sensitive to local changes in CO(2)/H(+), and mice lacking prepro-ORX have blunted respiratory responses to hypercapnia.	co(2)	154-159	hypocretin	Mus musculus	93-103
21911618-6	2011	In the duodenal preparations, OXA (0.3 muM) caused a TTX-insensitive transient contraction.	Tetrodotoxin	53-56	hypocretin	Mus musculus	30-33
22234465-8	2012	The reduction of Npy and orexin in hypothalamic cultures was completely prevented by candesartan or the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	candesartan	85-96	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
22234465-8	2012	The reduction of Npy and orexin in hypothalamic cultures was completely prevented by candesartan or the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside.	acadesine	119-164	hypocretin	Mus musculus	25-31
21831361-8	2012	Nicotine withdrawal increased the percentage of hypocretin cells expressing c-Fos in the perifornical, dorsomedial, and lateral hypothalamus.	Nicotine	0-8	hypocretin	Mus musculus	48-58
21831361-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that hypocretin signaling acting on Hcrtr-1 in the PVN plays a crucial role in the expression of nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	133-141	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-51
22293586-0	2012	Role of orexin in the central regulation of glucose and energy homeostasis.	Glucose	44-51	hypocretin	Mus musculus	8-14
22293586-3	2012	Intriguingly, central administration of orexin is reported to cause blood glucose-elevating effect or blood glucose-lowering effect in rodents, depending on the experimental conditions.	Glucose	74-81	hypocretin	Mus musculus	40-46
22293586-3	2012	Intriguingly, central administration of orexin is reported to cause blood glucose-elevating effect or blood glucose-lowering effect in rodents, depending on the experimental conditions.	Glucose	108-115	hypocretin	Mus musculus	40-46
22293586-5	2012	The fact that orexin exhibits biphasic effects on autonomic nerve activity and lipolysis suggests that orexin dually regulates the glucose appearance.	Glucose	131-138	hypocretin	Mus musculus	14-20
22293586-5	2012	The fact that orexin exhibits biphasic effects on autonomic nerve activity and lipolysis suggests that orexin dually regulates the glucose appearance.	Glucose	131-138	hypocretin	Mus musculus	103-109
22293586-6	2012	In fact, orexin neurons are activated not only depending on the demand for glucose but also according to a circadian rhythm in the suprachiasmatic nucleus.	Glucose	75-82	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
22293586-7	2012	The excited orexin neurons appear to alter the sympathetic or parasympathetic outflow to the periphery, and modulate the glucose production and utilization.	Glucose	121-128	hypocretin	Mus musculus	12-18
22005675-0	2011	Orexin neurons as conditional glucosensors: paradoxical regulation of sugar sensing by intracellular fuels.	Sugars	70-75	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
22005675-1	2011	Central orexin/hypocretin neurons promote wakefulness, feeding and reward-seeking, and control blood glucose levels by regulating sympathetic outflow to the periphery.	Glucose	101-108	hypocretin	Mus musculus	8-14
22005675-2	2011	Glucose itself directly suppresses the electrical activity and cytosolic calcium levels of orexin cells.	Glucose	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-97
22005675-2	2011	Glucose itself directly suppresses the electrical activity and cytosolic calcium levels of orexin cells.	Calcium	73-80	hypocretin	Mus musculus	91-97
22005675-3	2011	Recent in vitro studies suggested that glucose inhibition of orexin cells may be mechanistically unusual, because it persists under conditions where glucose metabolism is unlikely.	Glucose	39-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-67
22005675-3	2011	Recent in vitro studies suggested that glucose inhibition of orexin cells may be mechanistically unusual, because it persists under conditions where glucose metabolism is unlikely.	Glucose	149-156	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-67
22005675-5	2011	Consistent with their documented insensitivity to glucokinase inhibitors, the glucose responses of orexin cells persisted in the presence of the mitochondrial poison oligomycin or the glial toxin fluoroacetate.	Glucose	78-85	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
22005675-5	2011	Consistent with their documented insensitivity to glucokinase inhibitors, the glucose responses of orexin cells persisted in the presence of the mitochondrial poison oligomycin or the glial toxin fluoroacetate.	Oligomycins	166-176	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
22005675-5	2011	Consistent with their documented insensitivity to glucokinase inhibitors, the glucose responses of orexin cells persisted in the presence of the mitochondrial poison oligomycin or the glial toxin fluoroacetate.	Fluoroacetates	196-209	hypocretin	Mus musculus	99-105
22005675-11	2011	We propose that this unexpected intrinsic property of orexin cells allows them to act as "conditional glucosensors" that preferentially respond to glucose during reduced background energy levels.	Glucose	102-109	hypocretin	Mus musculus	54-60
21911618-7	2011	Nifedipine (1 muM), as well as 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (10 muM), reduced the amplitude and shortened the duration of the response to OXA, which was abolished by Ni(2+) (50 muM) or TEA (1 mM).	Nifedipine	0-10	hypocretin	Mus musculus	138-141
21911618-7	2011	Nifedipine (1 muM), as well as 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (10 muM), reduced the amplitude and shortened the duration of the response to OXA, which was abolished by Ni(2+) (50 muM) or TEA (1 mM).	2-aminoethyldiphenylborate	31-59	hypocretin	Mus musculus	138-141
21727218-4	2011	By using "ATP clamp" we demonstrated that membrane potential (V(m)) correlated with the [ATP](i) in Hcrt neurones.	Adenosine Triphosphate	10-13	hypocretin	Mus musculus	100-104
21727218-4	2011	By using "ATP clamp" we demonstrated that membrane potential (V(m)) correlated with the [ATP](i) in Hcrt neurones.	Adenosine Triphosphate	89-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	100-104
21727218-6	2011	A direct disruption of ATP production or reduction in ambient glucose levels resulted in an inhibition of activity in Hcrt neurones.	Adenosine Triphosphate	23-26	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-122
21727218-6	2011	A direct disruption of ATP production or reduction in ambient glucose levels resulted in an inhibition of activity in Hcrt neurones.	Glucose	62-69	hypocretin	Mus musculus	118-122
21727218-7	2011	The V(m) was significantly depolarized in Hcrt neurones in sleep-deprived mice as compared with controls (P &lt; 0.01, t test), which was eliminated by experimental manipulations causing the same level of [ATP](i) and K(ATP) channel opening in both groups, suggesting a decrease during sleep and an increase during sustained wakefulness in [ATP](i) in Hcrt cells.	Adenosine Triphosphate	220-223	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-46
21727218-7	2011	The V(m) was significantly depolarized in Hcrt neurones in sleep-deprived mice as compared with controls (P &lt; 0.01, t test), which was eliminated by experimental manipulations causing the same level of [ATP](i) and K(ATP) channel opening in both groups, suggesting a decrease during sleep and an increase during sustained wakefulness in [ATP](i) in Hcrt cells.	Adenosine Triphosphate	220-223	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-46
21324360-7	2011	Nevertheless, even at advanced stages of HD, intrinsic firing properties of orexin cells remain normal and suppressible by serotonin, noradrenaline, and glucose.	Serotonin	123-132	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-82
21324360-7	2011	Nevertheless, even at advanced stages of HD, intrinsic firing properties of orexin cells remain normal and suppressible by serotonin, noradrenaline, and glucose.	Norepinephrine	134-147	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-82
21324360-7	2011	Nevertheless, even at advanced stages of HD, intrinsic firing properties of orexin cells remain normal and suppressible by serotonin, noradrenaline, and glucose.	Glucose	153-160	hypocretin	Mus musculus	76-82
21415167-7	2011	Most interestingly, orexin-A also promoted robust apoptosis in cells that are resistant to the most commonly used drug in colon cancer chemotherapy, 5-fluorouracil.	Fluorouracil	149-163	hypocretin	Mus musculus	20-28
21107540-0	2011	Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in ethanol conditioned place preference.	Ethanol	47-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	19-25
21107540-1	2011	RATIONALE: Recent studies suggest that orexin/hypocretin is involved in drug reward and drug-seeking behaviors, including ethanol self-administration.	Ethanol	122-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	39-45
21107540-1	2011	RATIONALE: Recent studies suggest that orexin/hypocretin is involved in drug reward and drug-seeking behaviors, including ethanol self-administration.	Ethanol	122-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-56
21107540-2	2011	However, orexin"s role in ethanol-induced seeking behaviors remains unclear.	Ethanol	26-33	hypocretin	Mus musculus	9-15
21107540-3	2011	OBJECTIVE: These studies examined the role of orexin in the acquisition and expression of ethanol conditioned place preference (CPP) using the orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist SB-334867.	Ethanol	90-97	hypocretin	Mus musculus	46-52
21464907-6	2011	Using the CR model, we then attempted to verify the published result that orexin deletion diminishes food anticipatory activity (FAA) but observed little to no diminution in the response to CR and, surprisingly, that orexin KO mice are refractory to body weight loss on a CR diet.	Chromium	10-12	hypocretin	Mus musculus	74-80
21258173-1	2011	Orexin-A is a newly identified neuropeptide expressed in the lateral areas of the hypothalamus that plays a role in various physiological functions, including regulation of glucose metabolism.	Glucose	173-180	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-8
21949857-5	2011	The number of Fos-positive orexin neurons markedly decreased after intraperitoneal administration of glycine to mice.	Glycine	101-108	hypocretin	Mus musculus	27-33
21949857-7	2011	Glycine directly induced hyperpolarization and cessation of firing of orexin neurons.	Glycine	0-7	hypocretin	Mus musculus	70-76
21086064-0	2011	Decreased intake of sucrose solutions in orexin knockout mice.	Sucrose	20-27	hypocretin	Mus musculus	41-47
21086064-8	2011	Orexin deficiency may lower the satiety threshold resulting in reduced sucrose intake, without altering food intake.	Sucrose	71-78	hypocretin	Mus musculus	0-6
21258173-5	2011	Intracerebroventricular administration of orexin-A (2.5, 25, or 250 pmol/mouse) significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the development of post-ischemic glucose intolerance on day 1 after MCAO and neuronal damage on day 3 after MCAO.	Glucose	159-166	hypocretin	Mus musculus	42-50
21258173-7	2011	Furthermore, these expressions were completely recovered to normal levels by orexin-A and were reversed by the administration of SB334867, a specific orexin-1 receptor antagonist.	1-(2-methylbenzoxazol-6-yl)-3-(1,5)naphthyridin-4-yl urea	129-137	hypocretin	Mus musculus	77-85
21258173-8	2011	These results suggest that regulation of post-ischemic glucose intolerance by orexin-A suppressed cerebral ischemic neuronal damage.	Glucose	55-62	hypocretin	Mus musculus	78-86
20587130-0	2010	Hypothalamic orexin and pro-opiomelanocortin activities are essential for the anorexic effects of m-chlorophenylpiperazine in mice.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	98-122	hypocretin	Mus musculus	13-19
20696213-3	2010	Modafinil is also thought to express its effect through the orexinergic neurons, and orexin increases hypothalamic histamine release.	Modafinil	0-9	hypocretin	Mus musculus	60-66
20696213-5	2010	In the present study, we performed in vivo microdialysis and c-Fos immunohistochemistry to investigate whether the orexinergic system mediates the activation of the histaminergic system by modafinil using orexin neuron-deficient mice.	Modafinil	189-198	hypocretin	Mus musculus	115-121
20587130-5	2010	The injection of orexin siRNA oligonucleotides suppressed the hyperphagia induced by the injection of POMC siRNA oligonucleotides.	Oligonucleotides	30-46	hypocretin	Mus musculus	17-23
20587130-5	2010	The injection of orexin siRNA oligonucleotides suppressed the hyperphagia induced by the injection of POMC siRNA oligonucleotides.	Oligonucleotides	113-129	hypocretin	Mus musculus	17-23
20587130-6	2010	These findings suggest that functional hypothalamic POMC and orexin activity has a critical role in satiety signalling of mCPP in mice.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	122-126	hypocretin	Mus musculus	61-67
20620197-5	2010	Contrary to the expectation, injection of QA (60 and 120 nmol) into the lateral hypothalamus of male C57BL/6 mice caused selective loss of MCH neurons rather than orexin neurons, and this toxicity of QA was attenuated by MK-801, an NMDA receptor antagonist.	Quinolinic Acid	42-44	hypocretin	Mus musculus	163-169
20587130-2	2010	Here we show that food-restricted wild-type mice, which exhibited decreased hypothalamic POMC expression and increased hypothalamic orexin expression, were responsive to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a 5-HT(2C/1B) receptor agonist, leading to anorexia, whereas food-restricted A(y) mice with decreased hypothalamic POMC and orexin expression, were not.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	170-194	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
20587130-2	2010	Here we show that food-restricted wild-type mice, which exhibited decreased hypothalamic POMC expression and increased hypothalamic orexin expression, were responsive to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a 5-HT(2C/1B) receptor agonist, leading to anorexia, whereas food-restricted A(y) mice with decreased hypothalamic POMC and orexin expression, were not.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	170-194	hypocretin	Mus musculus	328-334
20587130-2	2010	Here we show that food-restricted wild-type mice, which exhibited decreased hypothalamic POMC expression and increased hypothalamic orexin expression, were responsive to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a 5-HT(2C/1B) receptor agonist, leading to anorexia, whereas food-restricted A(y) mice with decreased hypothalamic POMC and orexin expression, were not.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	196-201	hypocretin	Mus musculus	132-138
20587130-2	2010	Here we show that food-restricted wild-type mice, which exhibited decreased hypothalamic POMC expression and increased hypothalamic orexin expression, were responsive to m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP), a 5-HT(2C/1B) receptor agonist, leading to anorexia, whereas food-restricted A(y) mice with decreased hypothalamic POMC and orexin expression, were not.	1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine	196-201	hypocretin	Mus musculus	328-334
20587130-3	2010	Injection of POMC small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotide+orexin siRNA oligonucleotide into the third cerebral ventricle was unresponsive to mCPP-induced anorexia, whereas a single injection of POMC or orexin siRNA oligonucleotides elicited a response.	Oligonucleotides	77-92	hypocretin	Mus musculus	64-70