PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
2475163-12	1989	The spectroscopic properties of the fluorescent probe ethidium have been used to investigate the effect of the mAbs on the interaction of the agonist carbamylcholine with nAChR in membranes.	Ethidium	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Carbachol	135-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Pancuronium	175-186	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Tubocurarine	191-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Salts	248-252	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Sodium Chloride	282-286	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	fitc-alpha-bgt	9-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	fitc-alpha-bgt	9-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
2514612-8	1989	Specific FITC-alpha-BGT binding to the nAChR protein on the optic fibers was inhibited by agonists (e.g., acetylcholine, nicotine, and carbamylcholine) and antagonists (e.g., pancuronium and d-tubocurarine) of the nAChR and was insensitive to high salt concentrations (e.g., 154 mM NaCl).	Acetylcholine	106-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2475163-12	1989	The spectroscopic properties of the fluorescent probe ethidium have been used to investigate the effect of the mAbs on the interaction of the agonist carbamylcholine with nAChR in membranes.	Carbachol	150-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
34058639-1	2021	meta-Chlorophenylguanidine (1) is a non-competitive alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist.	meta-chlorophenylguanidine	0-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
33929716-6	2021	Oxantel pamoate acts locally in the human gastrointestinal tract and binds to the parasite"s nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), leading to a spastic paralysis of the worm and subsequent expulsion.	oxantel pamoate	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-125
33929716-6	2021	Oxantel pamoate acts locally in the human gastrointestinal tract and binds to the parasite"s nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), leading to a spastic paralysis of the worm and subsequent expulsion.	oxantel pamoate	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
34001335-2	2021	We explore how rising global trends in the use nicotine as well as neonics impacts vulnerability, within and across species, and posit that evolutionary conservation at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) provides an operational strategy map for pathogens and disease.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	207-212
34058639-4	2021	To establish a structural basis for the mode of interaction of guanidines 1 and 2, we generated 100 homology models of the halpha7 nAChR.	Guanidines	63-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
33917953-7	2021	Studies on dorsal raphe nucleus serotoninergic neurons support the concept that SSRI-induced nAChR inhibition decreases the glutamatergic hyperstimulation observed in stress conditions, which compensates the excessive 5-HT overflow in these neurons and, consequently, ameliorates depression symptoms.	Serotonin	218-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
33400965-6	2021	The NMDAR-independent LTP may require activation of glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) or ionotropic receptors other than NMDAR such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR), serotonin 5-HT3 receptor or calcium-permeable AMPA receptor (CP-AMPAR).	Glutamic Acid	52-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
33977560-2	2021	As a step towards assessing if alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation improves gait-balance function, we assessed target engagement of the alpha4beta2* nAChR partial agonist varenicline.	Varenicline	201-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
33977560-4	2021	alpha4beta2* nAChR occupancy after subacute oral varenicline treatment was measured with [18F]flubatine PET.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	94-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
33917953-9	2021	According to the functional and structural results, SSRIs bind within the nAChR ion channel at high-affinity sites that are spread out between serine and valine rings.	Serine	143-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
33917953-9	2021	According to the functional and structural results, SSRIs bind within the nAChR ion channel at high-affinity sites that are spread out between serine and valine rings.	Valine	154-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
33284031-0	2021	Nicotine: A Targeted Therapy for Epilepsy Due to nAChR Gene Variants.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
33506493-1	2021	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The alpha7 and alpha4beta2* (* denotes possibly assembly with another subunit) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are the most abundant nAChR in the mammalian brain.	Acetylcholine	113-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
33506493-1	2021	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The alpha7 and alpha4beta2* (* denotes possibly assembly with another subunit) nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are the most abundant nAChR in the mammalian brain.	Acetylcholine	113-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
33506493-4	2021	We have developed C(10) variants of cytisine, a partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nAChR that has been used for smoking cessation.	cytisine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
33506493-6	2021	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The structural underpinning of the selectivity of 10-methylcytisine for alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations, mutagenesis and whole-cell and single-channel current recordings.	10-methylcytisine	73-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
33506493-7	2021	KEY RESULTS: We identified a conserved arginine in the beta3-strand that exhibits a non-conserved function in nAChR.	Arginine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
33506493-8	2021	In alpha4beta2 nAChR, the arginine forms a salt-bridge with an aspartate residue in loop B that is necessary for receptor expression, whereas in alpha7 nAChR, this residue is not stabilised by electrostatic interactions, making its side chain highly mobile.	Arginine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
33506493-8	2021	In alpha4beta2 nAChR, the arginine forms a salt-bridge with an aspartate residue in loop B that is necessary for receptor expression, whereas in alpha7 nAChR, this residue is not stabilised by electrostatic interactions, making its side chain highly mobile.	Aspartic Acid	63-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
33548485-3	2021	Our study systematically investigates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family, in order to identify the receptor subunits critical to the insect response to insecticides from three distinct chemical classes (neonicotinoids, spinosyns and sulfoximines).	Neonicotinoids	225-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
33548485-3	2021	Our study systematically investigates the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family, in order to identify the receptor subunits critical to the insect response to insecticides from three distinct chemical classes (neonicotinoids, spinosyns and sulfoximines).	sulfoximines	255-267	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
33284031-3	2021	In preclinical models, pathogenic nAChR variants cause a gain of function mutation with sensitivity to acetylcholine antagonists and agonists.	Acetylcholine	103-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
33284031-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with a nicotine patch can be an effective therapy in epilepsy patients with nAChR gene variants.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
33284031-11	2021	We propose consideration of transdermal nicotine treatment in intractable epilepsy with known nAChR variants as an experimental therapy.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
33216167-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The finding that nAChR tone reduction by mecamylamine weakened task-induced DMN deactivation indicates that a constant tone of nAChR activation helps regulate DMN activity in healthy individuals.	Mecamylamine	54-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
33482275-0	2021	Molecular determinants of binding of non-oxime bispyridinium nerve agent antidote compounds to the adult muscle nAChR.	oxime bispyridinium	41-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
33482275-4	2021	Non-oxime bispyridinium compounds (BPDs) have been shown previously to partially counteract the effects of NAs at skeletal muscle tissue, and this has been attributed to inhibition of the muscle nAChR.	non-oxime bispyridinium compounds	0-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
33482275-4	2021	Non-oxime bispyridinium compounds (BPDs) have been shown previously to partially counteract the effects of NAs at skeletal muscle tissue, and this has been attributed to inhibition of the muscle nAChR.	bpds	35-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
33482275-6	2021	Molecular dynamics simulations of the adult muscle nAChR in the presence of BPDs identified key residues likely to be involved in binding.	bpds	76-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
32935187-1	2021	PURPOSES: We present the first in-human brain PET imaging data of the new alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-targeting radioligand (+)-[18F]Flubatine.	Acetylcholine	96-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
32935187-1	2021	PURPOSES: We present the first in-human brain PET imaging data of the new alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-targeting radioligand (+)-[18F]Flubatine.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	158-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
32935187-17	2021	Overall, (+)-[18F]Flubatine showed favorable characteristics and has therefore the potential to serve as alpha4beta2 nAChR-targeting PET ligand in further clinical trials.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	18-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
33422895-4	2021	The results show that mutant LRRK2 prevents the membrane localization of both the dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and the formation of the D3R-nAChR heteromer, a molecular unit crucial for promoting neuronal homeostasis and preserving dopaminergic neuron health.	Dopamine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
33668830-1	2021	alpha-Conotoxin GeXIVA[1,2] is a highly potent and selective antagonist of the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	gexiva	16-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
32841724-6	2021	We also identified a novel SNP in the beta4 nAChR subunit, part of the same gene cluster in the human genome and potentially altering CHRNA5 expression, associated with shorter time to relapse to cocaine use in patients.	Cocaine	196-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
33823404-0	2021	Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic alpha-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonists.	Disulfides	28-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
33823404-0	2021	Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic alpha-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonists.	cyclic alpha-conotoxin	43-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
33823404-0	2021	Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic alpha-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonists.	s9a	67-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
33823404-0	2021	Synthesis and evaluation of disulfide-rich cyclic alpha-conotoxin [S9A]TxID analogues as novel alpha3beta4 nAChR antagonists.	txid	71-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
33836585-0	2021	Acetylcholine ameliorates colitis by promoting IL-10 secretion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells through the nAChR/ERK pathway.	Acetylcholine	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
33836585-5	2021	Furthermore, ACh was demonstrated to promote interleukin-10 secretion of M-MDSCs and suppress the inflammation through activating the nAChR/ERK pathway.	Acetylcholine	13-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
33630646-2	2022	Modulated by glutamate neurotransmission, this sensory process has also been shown to relate to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system, a prioritized molecular target for the development of novel cognition targeted pharmacological treatments.	Glutamic Acid	13-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
33380469-5	2021	Using whole-cell recordings, we found that the alpha3beta4* nAChR-selective antagonist alpha-conotoxin AuIB almost completely abolished nicotine-evoked currents in mHb neurons.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
33380469-6	2021	By contrast, the alpha3beta2* nAChR-selective antagonist alpha-conotoxin MII only partially attenuated these currents.	Methicillin	73-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
33380469-9	2021	These findings provide mechanistic insights into how CHRNA3 risk alleles can increase the risk of tobacco dependence and smoking-related diseases in human smokers.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAllelic variation in CHRNA3, which encodes the alpha3 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit gene, increases risk of tobacco dependence but underlying mechanisms are unclear.	Acetylcholine	249-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	273-278
33613194-1	2021	The alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a fundamental role in inner ear physiology.	Acetylcholine	28-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
33216167-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The finding that nAChR tone reduction by mecamylamine weakened task-induced DMN deactivation indicates that a constant tone of nAChR activation helps regulate DMN activity in healthy individuals.	Mecamylamine	54-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
32248535-5	2020	On the contrary, PNU-120596 exerted an inhibitory effect on the receptors mediating anion currents in Lymnaea stagnalis neurons: two nAChR subtypes, GABA and glutamate receptors.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	17-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
33276105-2	2021	Choline is also a selective agonist of some neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Choline	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
33276105-2	2021	Choline is also a selective agonist of some neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Choline	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
33253222-1	2020	The pathway from the medial habenular nucleus to the interpeduncular nucleus, in which nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) including the alpha3 and alpha5 subunits (alpha3 * and alpha5 * nAChRs) are expressed, is implicated in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	232-240	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
33253222-7	2020	The inhibition of alpha3 *, alpha5 *, alpha7 nAChR and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels by using siRNAs and selective antagonists revealed the involvement of these nAChR subunits and channels in nicotine-induced [Ca2+]i elevation.	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
33253222-8	2020	To distinguish and characterize the alpha3 * and alpha5 * nAChR-mediated Ca2+ influx, we measured the [Ca2+]i elevation induced by nonmembrane-permeating acetylcholine when muscarinic receptors, alpha7nAChR and Ca2+ channels were blocked.	Acetylcholine	154-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
33074244-1	2020	The alpha6beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is enriched in dorsal root ganglia neurons and is an attractive non-opioid therapeutic target for pain.	Acetylcholine	26-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
33335227-3	2020	Other studies have shown that the stimulation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can have neuroprotective effects in some models of neurodegenerative disease, as well as prevent glutamate-induced motor neuronal death.	Glutamic Acid	194-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
33343327-4	2020	Interestingly, this gene cluster contains a non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human CHRNA5 gene, causing an aspartic acid (D) to asparagine (N) substitution at amino acid position 398 in the alpha5 nAChR subunit.	Aspartic Acid	133-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	223-228
33253222-10	2020	These findings suggest that alpha3 * and alpha5 * nAChR-mediated Ca2+ influx is possibly regulated by cAMP at the transcriptional level.	Cyclic AMP	102-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
33329690-3	2020	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated Ca2+/Na+ channel, and its opening is the first signaling event leading to catecholamine secretion by AGCCs.	Catecholamines	133-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
33143415-5	2020	We also solved the peptide:alpha-Cbtx cocrystal structure, revealing that the peptide, although of unique primary sequence, binds to alpha-Cbtx by mimicking structural features of the nAChR binding pocket.	-cbtx	32-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
33184264-7	2020	In contrast, ACh-m/nAChR inhibitor or knockdown of VEGF-A/B by shRNA powerfully abrogated these effects mediated by VNS.	Acetylcholine	13-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
32248535-8	2020	A comparison of PNU-120596 molecule docked to the models of transmembrane domains of the human alpha7 AChR and two subunits of L. stagnalis nAChR demonstrated some differences in contacts with the amino acid residues important for PNU-120596 action on the alpha7 nAChR.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
32707263-5	2020	Nicotine acts directly at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to have its pharmacological effect.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
32738311-1	2020	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are homo- or hetero-pentameric ligand-gated ion channels of the Cys-loop superfamily and play important roles in the nervous system and muscles.	Cysteine	106-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
32738311-1	2020	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are homo- or hetero-pentameric ligand-gated ion channels of the Cys-loop superfamily and play important roles in the nervous system and muscles.	Cysteine	106-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
32707263-5	2020	Nicotine acts directly at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to have its pharmacological effect.	Acetylcholine	36-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
32707263-7	2020	Research utilizing genetically engineered rodents and pharmacological manipulations suggest a role for nAChR in several ethanol behaviors.	Ethanol	120-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
32707263-8	2020	The current manuscript collates this literature and discusses findings that implicate specific nAChR subunits in ethanol phenotypes.	Ethanol	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
32649832-1	2020	Engineering the selectivity of alpha-conotoxins for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) presents considerable complexity and challenges, as it involves the optimization of their binding affinities to multiple highly conserved nAChR subtypes.	Acetylcholine	62-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
32957649-0	2020	Low-Dose Nicotine Activates EGFR Signaling via alpha5-nAChR and Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
32957649-5	2020	Screening of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in lung cancer cell lines demonstrated a particularly high expression level of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha5 (alpha 5-nAChR) in LAC cell lines.	Acetylcholine	144-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
32947868-2	2020	One group of proteins affected by 3FTX are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	3ftx	34-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-76
32957649-7	2020	In LAC cell lines alpha 5-nAChR interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), positively regulates EGFR pathway, enhances the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers, and is essential for low-dose nicotine-induced EGFR phosphorylation.	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
32957649-8	2020	Functionally, low-dose nicotine requires alpha 5-nAChR to enhance cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
32957649-11	2020	Our data identified alpha 5-nAChR as an essential mediator for low-dose nicotine-dependent LAC progression possibly through signaling crosstalk with EGFR, supporting the involvement of environmental smoke in tumor progression in LAC patients.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
32947868-2	2020	One group of proteins affected by 3FTX are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	3ftx	34-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
32947868-9	2020	Overall, the docking protocol predicted the qualitative and some specific aspects of 3FTX binding to nAChR with reasonable success and shed light on unknown aspects of 3FTX binding to different receptor subtypes.	3ftx	85-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
32590127-0	2020	Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside modulates nAChR and AChE activity.	swertiamarin	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
32590127-0	2020	Swertiamarin, a secoiridoid glycoside modulates nAChR and AChE activity.	Glycosides	28-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
32590127-3	2020	Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model, SW was found to enhance neurotransmission by modulating AChE and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity; being orchestrated through up-regulation of unc-17 and unc-50.	Acetylcholine	116-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
32923455-1	2020	Previous studies from this lab have determined that dedifferentiation of Muller glia occurs after eye drop application of an alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, PNU-282987, to the adult rodent eye.	PNU-282987	182-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
32867140-3	2020	In the complementary beta4-subunit of the alpha3beta4 nAChR binding pocket, non-conserved AspB173 through a salt bridge was found to be the key determinant for the alpha3beta4 selectivity of the quinuclidine-triazole chemotype, explaining the 47-327-fold affinity of the (S)-enantiomers as compared to their (R)-enantiomer counterparts.	aspb173	90-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
32867140-3	2020	In the complementary beta4-subunit of the alpha3beta4 nAChR binding pocket, non-conserved AspB173 through a salt bridge was found to be the key determinant for the alpha3beta4 selectivity of the quinuclidine-triazole chemotype, explaining the 47-327-fold affinity of the (S)-enantiomers as compared to their (R)-enantiomer counterparts.	Quinuclidines	195-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
32867140-3	2020	In the complementary beta4-subunit of the alpha3beta4 nAChR binding pocket, non-conserved AspB173 through a salt bridge was found to be the key determinant for the alpha3beta4 selectivity of the quinuclidine-triazole chemotype, explaining the 47-327-fold affinity of the (S)-enantiomers as compared to their (R)-enantiomer counterparts.	Triazoles	208-216	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
32806654-1	2020	alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) is an important nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype and closely associated with cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer"s and schizophrenia disease.	Acetylcholine	17-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
32806654-1	2020	alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) is an important nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subtype and closely associated with cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer"s and schizophrenia disease.	Acetylcholine	75-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
32806654-2	2020	The mutant ArIB (V11L, V16A) of alpha-conotoxin ArIB with 17-amino acid residues specifically targets alpha7 nAChR with no obvious effect on other nAChR subtypes.	17-amino acid	58-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
32659920-4	2020	Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems.	Dopamine	91-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-71
32577853-2	2020	Following existing support for a role of the alpha7 and beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in apoptotic regulation, we aimed to determine whether these subunits are altered in the SIDS hippocampus and if they are correlated with cell death markers of active caspase-3 (Casp-3) and TUNEL.	Acetylcholine	72-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
30999028-0	2020	Calcium influx through muscle nAChR-channels: One route, multiple roles.	Calcium	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
32659920-4	2020	Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems.	Dopamine	91-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
32659920-4	2020	Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems.	Dopamine	139-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-71
32659920-4	2020	Interestingly, there is evidence that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) located on DA neurons also provide neurotrophic support to DA neurons, an effect requiring functional D3R and suggesting the existence of a positive cross-talk between these receptor systems.	Dopamine	139-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
32659920-6	2020	Among them, we recently identified a receptor heteromer containing the nAChR and the D3R as the molecular effector of nicotine-mediated neurotrophic effects.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
32659920-8	2020	In particular, the molecular and functional features of the D3R-nAChR heteromer will be especially discussed since it may represent a possible key etiologic effector for DA-related pathologies, such as Parkinson"s disease (PD), and a target for drug design.	Dopamine	170-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
32894468-6	2020	Coincubation of U251 MG cells with rSLURP-1 and the nAChR inhibitor mecamylamine attenuates the antiproliferative activity of rSLURP-1, indicating nAChR as a molecular target for the rSLURP-1 action in gliomas.	Mecamylamine	68-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
32894468-6	2020	Coincubation of U251 MG cells with rSLURP-1 and the nAChR inhibitor mecamylamine attenuates the antiproliferative activity of rSLURP-1, indicating nAChR as a molecular target for the rSLURP-1 action in gliomas.	Mecamylamine	68-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
31925927-9	2020	The effects of nicotine on attenuating TXNIP and preserving Insulin 1 expression levels were attenuated by pharmacological and genetical inhibition of alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
32342646-6	2020	Carbamazepine, which should be carefully used in BECTS, was observed to be effective in the treatment of our atypical BECTS proband based on the molecular diagnosis of CHRNA4.	Carbamazepine	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-174
32169758-2	2020	The activation of alpha4beta2-nAChR in the RTN increased GABA release in MoTN resulting in reduced glutamatergic transmission in thalamic hyperdirect pathway of wild-type.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	57-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
32349117-3	2020	This study aimed to investigate how administering multiple doses of tropisetron, a partial agonist of nAChR, for 1 day would affect cognitive deficits and P50 inhibition deficits in SCZ patients.	Tropisetron	68-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	102-107
32349117-10	2020	One day of treatment with tropisetron improved both cognitive and P50 inhibition deficits, suggesting that longer term treatment with alpha7 nAChR agonists for these deficits in SCZ may be promising.	Tropisetron	26-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
33184579-10	2020	Stimulation of nAChR with nicotine did not ameliorate TNF-alpha induced permeability nor alter 70 kDa dextran transport.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
32493979-5	2020	Polyamines are classically studied as regulators of ion channel gating that engage the nAChR channel pore.	Polyamines	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
32493979-6	2020	In contrast, we find polyamine effects on assembly involve the nAChR cytosolic loop.	Polyamines	21-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
32493979-8	2020	Our pharmacological and transgenic animal studies find that reducing polyamines enhances cortical neuron nAChR expression and augments nicotine-mediated neuroprotection.	Polyamines	69-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
32493979-9	2020	Taken together, we describe a most unexpected role for polyamines in regulating ion channel assembly, which provides a new avenue for nAChR neuropharmacology.	Polyamines	55-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
32169758-3	2020	Contrary to wild-type, activation of S286L-mutant alpha4beta2-nAChR (loss-of-function) in the RTN relatively enhanced glutamatergic transmission in thalamic hyperdirect pathway of S286L-TG via impaired GABAergic inhibition in intra-thalamic (RTN-MoTN) pathway.	Thioguanine	186-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
32017982-3	2020	MB266 acted as an antagonist at acetylcholine receptors, displaying 18-fold selectivity for mAChR versus nAChR (compared to the 15,200-fold selectivity observed for QNB).	Acetylcholine	32-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
31614011-3	2020	AIM: To determine tissue levels of Acetylcholine (ACh) and its muscarinic and nicotinic receptors (mAChR and nAChR), in psoriasis vulgaris lesions in comparison to normal control skin.	Acetylcholine	35-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
32448416-6	2020	Our finding that an HAE fraction consisting almost entirely of harmonine had a strong inhibitory effect points to this alkaloid as a key component of nAChR inhibitory actions.	harmonine	63-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
31096265-2	2020	Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, has been shown to increase smoking quit rates compared with nicotine-based products.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
32463026-3	2020	Prior studies have demonstrated that the destructive neurological effects of rabies virus (RABV) infections are mediated by CNS transport of the virus tightly bound to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	182-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
31294817-9	2020	Candidates supported by both FTND and TTFC (CHRNA4, THSD7B, RBFOX1, and ZNF804A) were associated with addiction to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, and were associated with autism and schizophrenia.	Alcohols	115-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-50
31294817-9	2020	Candidates supported by both FTND and TTFC (CHRNA4, THSD7B, RBFOX1, and ZNF804A) were associated with addiction to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, and were associated with autism and schizophrenia.	Cocaine	124-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-50
32208709-2	2020	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked lynx1 is an allosteric modulator of nAChR function, including shifts in agonist sensitivity, reduced desensitization, and slower recovery from desensitization.	Glycosylphosphatidylinositols	0-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
32208709-2	2020	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked lynx1 is an allosteric modulator of nAChR function, including shifts in agonist sensitivity, reduced desensitization, and slower recovery from desensitization.	Glycosylphosphatidylinositols	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
32234761-3	2020	We observed that Czon1107 strongly inhibits the human alpha3beta4 (IC50 15.7 +- 3.0 mum) and alpha7 (IC50 77.1 +- 0.05 mum) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, but the activity of Cca1669 remains to be identified.	czon1107	17-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-156
32234761-3	2020	We observed that Czon1107 strongly inhibits the human alpha3beta4 (IC50 15.7 +- 3.0 mum) and alpha7 (IC50 77.1 +- 0.05 mum) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, but the activity of Cca1669 remains to be identified.	czon1107	17-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
32234761-8	2020	The cis conformation at the Cys6-Pro7 peptide bond was essential for alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype allosteric selectivity.	Peptides	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
32272701-1	2020	The alpha9-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is increasingly emerging as a new tumor target owing to its high expression specificity in breast cancer.	Acetylcholine	32-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
32113032-2	2020	This receptor plays a critical role in nicotine addiction, with potential smoking cessation therapeutics producing modulation of alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
32272701-12	2020	This demonstrates that GeXIVA induced a downregulation of alpha9-nAChR expression, and the growth of MDA-MB-157 alpha9-nAChR KO cell line was inhibited as well, due to alpha9-nAChR deletion.	gexiva	23-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
32272701-12	2020	This demonstrates that GeXIVA induced a downregulation of alpha9-nAChR expression, and the growth of MDA-MB-157 alpha9-nAChR KO cell line was inhibited as well, due to alpha9-nAChR deletion.	gexiva	23-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
32272701-12	2020	This demonstrates that GeXIVA induced a downregulation of alpha9-nAChR expression, and the growth of MDA-MB-157 alpha9-nAChR KO cell line was inhibited as well, due to alpha9-nAChR deletion.	gexiva	23-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
32272701-13	2020	GeXIVA inhibits the growth of breast cancer cell MDA-MB-157 cells in vitro and may occur in a mechanism abolishing alpha9-nAChR.	gexiva	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
32007796-9	2020	Endogenous ACh is synthesized in the intestinal epithelium and drives organoid growth and differentiation through activation of nAChR signaling.	Acetylcholine	11-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
32044666-2	2020	We have shown that GTS-21, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, downregulates APC-dependent CD4+ T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells by inhibiting antigen processing, thereby interfering with antigen presentation.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	19-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
31887290-4	2020	Here, we report the discovery and characterization of AN6001, a novel selective alpha6beta2* nAChR PAM.	an6001	54-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
31887290-5	2020	AN6001 mediated increases in both nicotine potency and efficacy at the human alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3V9"S nAChR in HEK293 cells, and it positively modulated ACh-evoked currents through both alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3V9"S and a concatenated beta3-alpha6-beta2-alpha6-beta2 receptor in Xenopus oocytes, displaying EC50 values of 0.58 microM and 0.40 microM, respectively.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
31686175-3	2020	OBJECTIVE: The aim was to test whether galantamine, a PAM at several nAChR subtypes, can potentiate the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Galantamine	39-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
32059521-7	2020	In the A549 lung cancer cells, where alpha7 nAChR activation stimulates proliferation, Ol-CHOL, Ln-CHOL, and AA-CHOL dose-dependently decreased cell viability by up to 45%.	N(1)-cholesterylcarbamoyl-N(8)-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)-3,6-dioxaoctyl-1,8-diamine	109-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
32031532-0	2020	Two mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit A4 (CHRNA4) in a family with autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy.	Acetylcholine	31-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-72
30378732-10	2020	Overall, these findings suggest that alpha3beta4* and alpha6beta4* nAChR subtypes represent viable targets for the development of medications to counteract THC dependence.	Dronabinol	156-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
31956359-4	2020	Activation of nicotine/nAChR signaling is associated with lung cancer risk and drug resistance.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
31956359-5	2020	We focused on nAChR pathways activated by nicotine and its downstream signaling involved in regulating apoptotic factors of mitochondria and drug resistance in lung cancer.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
33022581-1	2020	The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-74
33022581-1	2020	The thalamus, with the highest density of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain, plays a central role in thalamo-cortical circuits that are implicated in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
32044666-2	2020	We have shown that GTS-21, a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, downregulates APC-dependent CD4+ T cell differentiation into regulatory T cells (Tregs) and effector Th1, Th2 and Th17 cells by inhibiting antigen processing, thereby interfering with antigen presentation.	3,4-APC	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Tyrosine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Calcium	161-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Calcium	180-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Bungarotoxins	286-304	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Bungarotoxins	306-315	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	321-339	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32044666-3	2020	alpha7 nAChRs on Jurkat human leukemic T cells require functional T cell receptors (TCRs)/CD3 and leukocyte-specific tyrosine kinase to mediate nicotine-induced Ca2+-signaling via Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and are insensitive to two conventional alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	341-344	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
32048843-1	2020	We utilize various computational methodologies to study menthol"s interaction with multiple organic phases, a lipid bilayer, and the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) --- the most abundant nAChR in the brain.	Menthol	56-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
32048843-1	2020	We utilize various computational methodologies to study menthol"s interaction with multiple organic phases, a lipid bilayer, and the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) --- the most abundant nAChR in the brain.	Menthol	56-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
32048843-1	2020	We utilize various computational methodologies to study menthol"s interaction with multiple organic phases, a lipid bilayer, and the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) --- the most abundant nAChR in the brain.	Acetylcholine	161-174	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
32048843-6	2020	The most likely binding mode of menthol to a desensitized membrane-embedded alpha4beta2 nAChR is identified to be via a membrane-mediated pathway in which menthol binds to the sites at the lipid-protein interface after partitioning in the membrane.	Menthol	32-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
32048843-6	2020	The most likely binding mode of menthol to a desensitized membrane-embedded alpha4beta2 nAChR is identified to be via a membrane-mediated pathway in which menthol binds to the sites at the lipid-protein interface after partitioning in the membrane.	Menthol	155-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
31399700-3	2020	In this study, we investigated the effects of cocaine on a special subtype of neuronal nAChR, alpha3beta4-nAChR expressed in native SH-SY5Y cells.	Cocaine	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
31399700-8	2020	Kinetic analysis showed that cocaine accelerated alpha3beta4-nAChR desensitization, which caused a reduction of the amplitude of nicotine-induced currents.	Cocaine	29-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
31399700-8	2020	Kinetic analysis showed that cocaine accelerated alpha3beta4-nAChR desensitization, which caused a reduction of the amplitude of nicotine-induced currents.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
32451953-5	2020	In this paper, we review the structure and diversity of nAChR subunits and our understanding for how different nAChR subtypes play specific roles in the phenomenon of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
32451953-5	2020	In this paper, we review the structure and diversity of nAChR subunits and our understanding for how different nAChR subtypes play specific roles in the phenomenon of nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
31789411-1	2020	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit alpha5 (alpha5-nAChR) is involved in tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, progression of metastasis, and induction of angiogenesis in certain solid tumors.	Acetylcholine	10-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
31789411-1	2020	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit alpha5 (alpha5-nAChR) is involved in tumor cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, progression of metastasis, and induction of angiogenesis in certain solid tumors.	Acetylcholine	10-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
31813155-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CHRNA4 gene with response to selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).	Serotonin	118-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-85
30526213-2	2019	Cytisine, a partial agonist for the alpha4beta2-nAChR, is used as a smoking cessation medication.	cytisine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
30552041-1	2019	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine and the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor atomoxetine are widely studied substances due to their propensity to alleviate cognitive deficits in psychiatric and neurological patients and their beneficial effects on some aspects of cognitive functions in healthy individuals.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
30552041-1	2019	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine and the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor atomoxetine are widely studied substances due to their propensity to alleviate cognitive deficits in psychiatric and neurological patients and their beneficial effects on some aspects of cognitive functions in healthy individuals.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
30552041-11	2019	This finding is compatible with previous evidence of nicotine effects on stop-signal task performance in highly impulsive individuals and implicates the nAChR in the neural basis of impulsivity.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
30623678-2	2019	Herein, we report the molecular modelling and design of an optimised peptide sequence based on interactions of RDP with the alpha7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	156-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
31492697-2	2019	To check wheth er peptides built exclusively from arginine residues will interact with different nAChR subtypes or with such their structural homologues as the acetylcholine binding protein and ligand binding domain of nAChR alpha9 subunit, we synthesized a series of R3, R6, R8 and R16 oligoarginines and investigate their activity by competition with radioiodinated alpha- bungarotoxin, by two electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology and calcium imaging.	Arginine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
31492697-7	2019	Since modified oligoarginines and other cationic molecules are widely used as cell penetrating peptides, we studied several cationic polymers and demonstrated their nAChR inhibitory activity.	oligoarginines	15-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
31492697-7	2019	Since modified oligoarginines and other cationic molecules are widely used as cell penetrating peptides, we studied several cationic polymers and demonstrated their nAChR inhibitory activity.	Polymers	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
31421156-1	2019	At vertebrate motor endplates, the conversion of nerve impulses into muscle contraction is initiated by binding of acetylcholine to its nicotinic receptor (nAChR) at the postsynapse.	Acetylcholine	115-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
31671780-6	2019	Only 2-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine monohydrogen chloride (PTHP), the cyclic iminium analog, displayed nAChR potencies and binding affinities similar to anabaseine.	2-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine monohydrogen chloride	5-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
31671780-6	2019	Only 2-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine monohydrogen chloride (PTHP), the cyclic iminium analog, displayed nAChR potencies and binding affinities similar to anabaseine.	pthp	71-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
31411453-7	2019	Second-generation mutants of Vc1.1 [S4 Dab, N9A] and [S4 Dab, N9W] increased potency at the alpha9alpha10 nAChR by 20-fold compared with that of Vc1.1.	diazobenzenesulfonic acid	39-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
31411453-7	2019	Second-generation mutants of Vc1.1 [S4 Dab, N9A] and [S4 Dab, N9W] increased potency at the alpha9alpha10 nAChR by 20-fold compared with that of Vc1.1.	diazobenzenesulfonic acid	57-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
31221718-0	2019	Discovery of an intrasubunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-binding site for the positive allosteric modulator Br-PBTC.	Br-PBTC	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
31401009-4	2019	Because A85380 is known as a potent alpha4beta2-nAChR agonist, we prepared A85380 derivatives labeled with 99mTc using a bifunctional chelate system.	A 85380	8-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
31401009-6	2019	We used non-radioactive rhenium (Re) for a 99mTc analog and found that one of the derivatives, Re-A-YN-IDA-C4, exhibited high binding affinity at alpha4beta2-nAChR in both the docking simulation (-19.3 kcal/mol) and binding assay (Ki = 0.4 +- 0.04 nM).	re-a-yn-ida-c4	95-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
31401009-8	2019	Consequently, we found that 99mTc-A-YN-IDA-C4, with a structure optimized by using computational chemistry techniques, maintained affinity and selectivity for nAChR in vitro and possessed efficient characteristics as a nuclear medicine molecular imaging probe, demonstrated usefulness of computational scientific approach for molecular improvement strategy.	99mtc-a-yn-ida-c4	28-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
31278882-1	2019	alpha-Conotoxin (CTx) TxID is a potent alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that has been suggested as a potential drug candidate to treat addiction and small cell lung cancer.	txid	22-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
31518499-5	2019	Here, we evaluate the extent to which this model applies to cytisine at the alpha4beta2 nAChR, which is a subtype that is known to play a prominent role in nicotine addiction.	cytisine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
31518499-5	2019	Here, we evaluate the extent to which this model applies to cytisine at the alpha4beta2 nAChR, which is a subtype that is known to play a prominent role in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
31581202-3	2019	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is highly expressed in the hippocampus and reduced expression and function of this receptor are linked with cognitive impairments in Alzheimer"s disease and schizophrenia.	Acetylcholine	21-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
31221718-2	2019	nAChR PAMs have therapeutic potential for the treatment of nicotine addiction and several neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
31221718-17	2019	Br-PBTC and its derivatives should prove useful as alpha subunit-selective nAChR PAMs.	Br-PBTC	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
31175218-1	2019	Homomeric alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have an intrinsically low probability of opening that can be overcome by alpha7-selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), which bind at a site involving the second transmembrane domain (TM2).	Acetylcholine	27-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
31062355-4	2019	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) was modelled by replacement of the agonist nicotine in the alpha4beta2 nAChR experimental structure.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	50-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
31062355-4	2019	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) was modelled by replacement of the agonist nicotine in the alpha4beta2 nAChR experimental structure.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	77-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
31062355-4	2019	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE) was modelled by replacement of the agonist nicotine in the alpha4beta2 nAChR experimental structure.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
31175218-2	2019	Mutation of a methionine that is unique to alpha7 at the 15" position of TM2 to leucine, the residue in most other nAChR subunits, largely eliminates the activity of such PAMs.	Methionine	14-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
31175218-2	2019	Mutation of a methionine that is unique to alpha7 at the 15" position of TM2 to leucine, the residue in most other nAChR subunits, largely eliminates the activity of such PAMs.	Leucine	80-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
31330850-9	2019	Human intoxication by ingestion of PnTXs could result in various symptoms observed in episodes of poisoning with natural nAChR antagonists.	pntxs	35-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
31242717-8	2019	We observed that ACh bound to nAChR on activated immune cells and led to the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and of proinflammatory-cytokine production.	Acetylcholine	17-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
30659887-7	2019	Currents were blocked by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine (30 micromol/L), but not by the TRPA1 selective antagonist HC-030031 (10 micromol/L).	Mecamylamine	47-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
31333465-4	2019	The IC50 values measured in competition with radioiodinated alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to the membrane-bound Torpedo californica nAChR were 4.9 and 7.4 microM for Lynx1 and SSS fragments, but over 300 microM for SLURP1 or SLURP2 fragments.	sss	177-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
31333465-5	2019	The affinity of these compounds for the alpha7 nAChR in the rat pituitary tumor-derived cell line GH4C1 was different: 13.1 and 147 microM for SSS and Lynx1 fragments, respectively.	sss	143-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
31333465-6	2019	In competition for the ligand-binding domain of the alpha9 nAChR subunit, SSS and Lynx1 fragments had IC50 values of about 40 microM, which correlates with the value found for the latter with the rat alpha9alpha10 nAChR expressed in the Xenopus oocytes.	sss	74-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
31333465-6	2019	In competition for the ligand-binding domain of the alpha9 nAChR subunit, SSS and Lynx1 fragments had IC50 values of about 40 microM, which correlates with the value found for the latter with the rat alpha9alpha10 nAChR expressed in the Xenopus oocytes.	sss	74-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
31130483-3	2019	In this in silico study, we use a combination of equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to map dynamic and structural changes induced by nicotine in the human alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	160-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	dihydro	4-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-99
30874860-1	2019	RATIONALE: The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
30874860-1	2019	RATIONALE: The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
31078264-7	2019	Considering that D3R plays important roles in mediating reward-related physiological actions of alpha4beta2 nAChR, this study could provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	dihydro	4-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	-erythroidine	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-99
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	-erythroidine	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	31-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-99
31122014-3	2019	(+)-Dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), the most potent nicotine acetylcholine receptor antagonist (nAChR) of the Erythrina family, is synthesized for the first time in 13 steps from commercially available material.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	31-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
30718376-10	2019	In the ER, the inside-out pathway begins when nicotine becomes a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for some nAChR subtypes, even at concentrations as low as ~10 nM.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
30664881-1	2019	Reconstituted nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) exhibit significant gain-of-function upon addition of cholesterol to reconstitution mixtures, and cholesterol affects the organization of nAChRs within domain-forming membranes, but whether nAChR partitions to cholesterol-rich liquid-ordered ("raft" or lo) domains or cholesterol-poor liquid-disordered (ldo) domains is unknown.	Cholesterol	111-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
31137661-10	2019	These results indicate the importance of the cyclic imine for interacting with the adult mammalian muscle-type nAChR.	cyclic imine	45-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
30923128-2	2019	Allopregnanolone and its synthetic analog alphaxalone are GABAAR-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), whereas alphaxalone and most neuroactive steroids are nAChR inhibitors.	alphaxalone	112-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
30923128-2	2019	Allopregnanolone and its synthetic analog alphaxalone are GABAAR-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), whereas alphaxalone and most neuroactive steroids are nAChR inhibitors.	Steroids	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
30923128-3	2019	In this report, we used 11beta-(p-azidotetrafluorobenzoyloxy)allopregnanolone (F4N3Bzoxy-AP), a general anesthetic and photoreactive allopregnanolone analog that is a potent GABAAR PAM, to characterize steroid-binding sites in the Torpedo alpha2betagammadelta nAChR in its native membrane environment.	11beta-(p-azidotetrafluorobenzoyloxy)allopregnanolone	24-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	260-265
30923128-3	2019	In this report, we used 11beta-(p-azidotetrafluorobenzoyloxy)allopregnanolone (F4N3Bzoxy-AP), a general anesthetic and photoreactive allopregnanolone analog that is a potent GABAAR PAM, to characterize steroid-binding sites in the Torpedo alpha2betagammadelta nAChR in its native membrane environment.	f4n3bzoxy-ap	79-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	260-265
30923128-3	2019	In this report, we used 11beta-(p-azidotetrafluorobenzoyloxy)allopregnanolone (F4N3Bzoxy-AP), a general anesthetic and photoreactive allopregnanolone analog that is a potent GABAAR PAM, to characterize steroid-binding sites in the Torpedo alpha2betagammadelta nAChR in its native membrane environment.	Pregnanolone	61-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	260-265
30923128-6	2019	Photolabeling identified three distinct [3H]F4N3Bzoxy-AP-binding sites in the nAChR transmembrane domain: 1) in the ion channel, identified by photolabeling in the M2 helices of betaVal-261 and deltaVal-269 (position M2-13"); 2) at the interface between the alphaM1 and alphaM4 helices, identified by photolabeling in alphaM1 (alphaCys-222/alphaLeu-223); and 3) at the lipid-protein interface involving gammaTrp-453 (M4), a residue photolabeled by small lipophilic probes and promegestone, a steroid nAChR antagonist.	Steroids	492-499	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
30923128-7	2019	Photolabeling in the ion channel and alphaM1 was higher in the nAChR-desensitized state than in the resting state and inhibitable by promegestone.	Promegestone	133-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
30923128-8	2019	These results directly indicate a steroid-binding site in the nAChR ion channel and identify additional steroid-binding sites also occupied by other lipophilic nAChR antagonists.	Steroids	34-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
30923128-8	2019	These results directly indicate a steroid-binding site in the nAChR ion channel and identify additional steroid-binding sites also occupied by other lipophilic nAChR antagonists.	Steroids	34-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
30923128-8	2019	These results directly indicate a steroid-binding site in the nAChR ion channel and identify additional steroid-binding sites also occupied by other lipophilic nAChR antagonists.	Steroids	104-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
30923128-8	2019	These results directly indicate a steroid-binding site in the nAChR ion channel and identify additional steroid-binding sites also occupied by other lipophilic nAChR antagonists.	Steroids	104-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
30665006-0	2019	The alpha3 and alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits in the brainstem medulla of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).	Acetylcholine	32-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	10-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	Cholesterol	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	Cholesterol	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	54-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	54-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	89-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
30664881-3	2019	In binary Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine:Cholesterol (DPPC:CHOL) mixtures, both CHOL and DPPC acyl chains were observed spontaneously entering deep "non-annular" cavities in the nAChR TMD, particularly at the subunit interface and the beta subunit center, facilitated by the low amino acid density in the cryo-EM structure of nAChR in a native membrane.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	89-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
30664881-6	2019	nAChR partitioned to any cholesterol-poor ldo domain that was present, regardless of whether the ldo or lo domain lipids had PC or PE headgroups.	Cholesterol	25-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Acetylcholine	10-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Norepinephrine	132-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Norepinephrine	132-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Dopamine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Dopamine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Serotonin	158-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Serotonin	158-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	172-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
30914244-1	2019	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are ion channels which regulate a numerous of neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and glutamate.	Glutamic Acid	172-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
30772268-1	2019	In this paper, we designed, synthesized and tested a small set of three new derivatives potentially targeting the D3R-nAChR heteromer, a receptor complex recently identified and characterized as the molecular entity that, in dopaminergic neurons, mediates the neurotrophic effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	284-292	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30550855-0	2019	TRPC channels mediated calcium entry is required for proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells induced by nicotine-nAChR.	Calcium	23-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
30550855-8	2019	Nicotine promoted HASMC proliferation, which was accompanied by elevated alpha5-nAchR and TRPC3 expressions, basal [Ca2+]cyt, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and the rate of Mn2+ quenching in HASMCs.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
30137518-1	2019	Interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders began more than 30 years ago when it was first demonstrated that the tobacco alkaloid nicotine could improve cognitive function in nicotine-deprived smokers as well as nonsmokers.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
30550855-8	2019	Nicotine promoted HASMC proliferation, which was accompanied by elevated alpha5-nAchR and TRPC3 expressions, basal [Ca2+]cyt, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and the rate of Mn2+ quenching in HASMCs.	hasmc	18-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
30550855-9	2019	Further investigation indicated that nicotine-induced Ca2+ response and TRPC3 up-regulation was reversibly blocked by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppression of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
30550855-11	2019	In conclusion, nicotine-induced HASMC proliferation was mediated by TRPC3-dependent calcium entry via alpha5-nAchR, which provided a potential target for treatment of COPD.	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
30550855-11	2019	In conclusion, nicotine-induced HASMC proliferation was mediated by TRPC3-dependent calcium entry via alpha5-nAchR, which provided a potential target for treatment of COPD.	hasmc	32-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
30137518-1	2019	Interest in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders began more than 30 years ago when it was first demonstrated that the tobacco alkaloid nicotine could improve cognitive function in nicotine-deprived smokers as well as nonsmokers.	Nicotine	248-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
29637850-0	2019	NAChR alpha4beta2 subtype and their relation with nicotine addiction, cognition, depression and hyperactivity disorder.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
30837868-2	2019	Here, we report a novel effect that cocaine directly inhibits alpha6N/alpha3Cbeta2beta3-nAChR (alpha6*-nAChRs) function.	Cocaine	36-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
30837868-8	2019	Furthermore, analysis of whole-cell current kinetics demonstrated that cocaine slows nAChR channel activation but accelerates whole-cell current decay time.	Cocaine	71-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
30837868-10	2019	Additionally, in Xenopus oocytes, cocaine inhibits both alpha6N/alpha3Cbeta2beta3-nAChRs and alpha6M211L/alpha3ICbeta2beta3-nCAhRs similarly, suggesting that cocaine may not act on the alpha3 transmembrane domain of chimeric alpha6N/alpha3Cbeta2beta3-nAChR.	Cocaine	34-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
30837868-11	2019	In mechanically isolated VTA DA neurons, cocaine abolishes alpha6*-nAChR-mediated enhancement of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs).	Cocaine	41-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
29881944-7	2019	Initially, we performed a computational prediction of the molecular interactions between the nicotine analogs with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
30687021-8	2018	By including models of nAChR-mediated currents in the VTA DA-GABA circuit, we showed that nicotine should reduce the acetylcholine action on the VTA GABA neurons by receptor desensitization and potentially boost DA responses to reward-related signals in a non-trivial manner.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	61-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30687021-8	2018	By including models of nAChR-mediated currents in the VTA DA-GABA circuit, we showed that nicotine should reduce the acetylcholine action on the VTA GABA neurons by receptor desensitization and potentially boost DA responses to reward-related signals in a non-trivial manner.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30687021-8	2018	By including models of nAChR-mediated currents in the VTA DA-GABA circuit, we showed that nicotine should reduce the acetylcholine action on the VTA GABA neurons by receptor desensitization and potentially boost DA responses to reward-related signals in a non-trivial manner.	Acetylcholine	117-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30687084-3	2018	These disulfide-rich peptides provide a large number of evolutionarily refined templates that can be used to develop conopeptides that are highly selective for the various nAChR subtypes.	Disulfides	6-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
30809122-10	2019	The mutation reduced the maximal currents by approximately 80% in response to saturating concentrations of nicotine in homo- and heterozygous form, in both the alpha2beta4 and alpha2beta2 nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
30541909-8	2019	DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABAA or GABAB receptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists.	Dopamine	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
30541909-8	2019	DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABAA or GABAB receptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	86-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
30541909-8	2019	DA release evoked by single electrical pulses in the presence of the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was reduced by GABA or agonists of GABAA or GABAB receptors, with effects prevented by selective GABA receptor antagonists.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	127-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
29637850-2	2019	This work aims review the structure and functioning of the alpha4beta2 nAChR emphasizing its role in the treatment of associated diseases like nicotine addiction and underlying pathologies such as cognition, depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
30403486-0	2018	Potent Antiglioblastoma Agents by Hybridizing the Onium-Alkyloxy-Stilbene Based Structures of an alpha7-nAChR, alpha9-nAChR Antagonist and of a Pro-Oxidant Mitocan.	onium-alkyloxy-stilbene	50-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
31731917-11	2019	AZD1446 (alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist) improves the Groton Maze task due to high nAChR in dPCC/RSC engaged in spatial orientation.	3-(5-chloro-2-furoyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
31731917-11	2019	AZD1446 (alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist) improves the Groton Maze task due to high nAChR in dPCC/RSC engaged in spatial orientation.	3-(5-chloro-2-furoyl)-3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.0)octane	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
30362667-0	2018	Synthesis of a Series of Non-Symmetric Bispyridinium and Related Compounds and Their Affinity Characterization at the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.	bispyridinium	39-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-150
30362667-2	2018	In case the reactivation is insufficient, acetylcholine concentrations that rise to pathophysiological levels force the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) into a desensitized state and hence a functionally inactive state.	Acetylcholine	42-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-152
30362667-2	2018	In case the reactivation is insufficient, acetylcholine concentrations that rise to pathophysiological levels force the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) into a desensitized state and hence a functionally inactive state.	Acetylcholine	42-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
30362667-4	2018	Previous electrophysiological studies identified the symmetric bispyridinium compound 1,1"-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-1-ium] diiodide (MB327) as a re-sensitizer of the desensitized nAChR.	bispyridinium compound 1,1"-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-1-ium] diiodide	63-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
30362667-4	2018	Previous electrophysiological studies identified the symmetric bispyridinium compound 1,1"-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis[4-(tert-butyl)pyridin-1-ium] diiodide (MB327) as a re-sensitizer of the desensitized nAChR.	MB327	152-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
30403486-0	2018	Potent Antiglioblastoma Agents by Hybridizing the Onium-Alkyloxy-Stilbene Based Structures of an alpha7-nAChR, alpha9-nAChR Antagonist and of a Pro-Oxidant Mitocan.	onium-alkyloxy-stilbene	50-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30403486-4	2018	We found that lengthening the ethylene bridge in the triethylammonium derivatives results in more potent and selective toxicity toward adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cells, which was paralleled by increased alpha7 and alpha9alpha10 nAChR antagonism and improved ability of reducing mitochondrial ATP production.	ethylene	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
30403486-4	2018	We found that lengthening the ethylene bridge in the triethylammonium derivatives results in more potent and selective toxicity toward adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cells, which was paralleled by increased alpha7 and alpha9alpha10 nAChR antagonism and improved ability of reducing mitochondrial ATP production.	triethylammonium	53-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
30248622-3	2018	METHODS: In a four-way cross-over study, eyes-closed rest EEG was recorded in 28 healthy subjects receiving mecamylamine-a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, which induces temporary cognitive dysfunction in healthy subjects-with co-administration of placebo, nicotine or galantamine.	mecamylamine-a	108-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
30069700-2	2018	We demonstrate that two short-chain alpha-neurotoxins (SalphaNTx) functionally inhibit human muscle-type nAChR, but are markedly more reversible than against rat receptors.	salphantx	55-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
29619740-6	2018	In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
29619740-6	2018	In this regard, nicotine, which has been associated with relevant neuroprotective effects mainly through activation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), exerts its effects at least in part by acting directly on mitochondrial physiology and morphology.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
29619740-7	2018	Additionally, a recent description of mitochondrial nAChR localization suggests a nicotine-dependent mitochondrial function.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
30607728-4	2018	The affinity of the synthesized oligoarginines for nAChR depended on the number of amino acid residues in the chain.	oligoarginines	32-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
30248622-3	2018	METHODS: In a four-way cross-over study, eyes-closed rest EEG was recorded in 28 healthy subjects receiving mecamylamine-a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, which induces temporary cognitive dysfunction in healthy subjects-with co-administration of placebo, nicotine or galantamine.	mecamylamine-a	108-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
30248622-4	2018	RESULTS: Using machine learning to optimally contrast the effects of 30 mg of mecamylamine and placebo on the brain, we developed a nAChR index that consists of 10 EEG biomarkers and shows high classification accuracy (~95% non-cross-validated, ~70% cross-validated).	Mecamylamine	78-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
30248622-5	2018	Importantly, using the nAChR index, we demonstrate reversal of mecamylamine-induced neurophysiological effects due to 16 mg of galantamine as well as administering 21 mg of nicotine transdermally.	Mecamylamine	63-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30248622-5	2018	Importantly, using the nAChR index, we demonstrate reversal of mecamylamine-induced neurophysiological effects due to 16 mg of galantamine as well as administering 21 mg of nicotine transdermally.	Galantamine	127-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30248622-5	2018	Importantly, using the nAChR index, we demonstrate reversal of mecamylamine-induced neurophysiological effects due to 16 mg of galantamine as well as administering 21 mg of nicotine transdermally.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
30243424-1	2018	Mecamylamine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that was recently used in a clinical trial to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) in both smokers and non-smokers.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-50
30243424-1	2018	Mecamylamine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that was recently used in a clinical trial to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) in both smokers and non-smokers.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
30243424-1	2018	Mecamylamine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that was recently used in a clinical trial to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) in both smokers and non-smokers.	Alcohols	122-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-50
30243424-1	2018	Mecamylamine is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist that was recently used in a clinical trial to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD) in both smokers and non-smokers.	Alcohols	122-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
30302403-3	2018	Here, using molecular dynamics simulations and single channel recordings, we show that ethanol interacts with a negatively charged amino acid within an extracellular region of the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), thereby altering its global conformation and reducing the single channel current amplitude.	Ethanol	87-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-226
30302403-3	2018	Here, using molecular dynamics simulations and single channel recordings, we show that ethanol interacts with a negatively charged amino acid within an extracellular region of the neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), thereby altering its global conformation and reducing the single channel current amplitude.	Ethanol	87-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	228-233
30302403-4	2018	Charge reversal of the negatively charged amino acid abolishes the nAChR-ethanol interaction.	Ethanol	73-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
30704714-2	2018	Electrophysiological and molecular approaches have demonstrated the presence of several nAChR subtypes with different affinities for neonicotinoid insecticides.	Neonicotinoids	133-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
30704714-6	2018	In this review, we discuss findings concerning the number of nAChR binding sites against neonicotinoid insecticides from radioligand binding studies on native tissues.	Neonicotinoids	89-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
30704714-8	2018	Finally, we demonstrate that neonicotinoid-nAChR binding sites are also linked to biological samples used and insect species.	Neonicotinoids	29-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
28942487-0	2018	Erratum to: The crystal structure of Ac-AChBP in complex with alpha-conotoxin LvIA reveals the mechanism of its selectivity towards different nAChR subtypes.	ac-achbp	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
29980822-1	2018	RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: Two mechanisms underlie smoking cessation efficacies of alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists: a "nicotine-like" agonist activity reduces craving by substituting for nicotine during a quit attempt, and a "nicotine-blocking" antagonist activity attenuates reinforcement by competing with inhaled nicotine during a relapse.	Nicotine	216-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
29980822-4	2018	Agonist activity is comprised of nAChR activation and desensitization, which were expressed as percentages of desensitization and activation by nicotine from smoking.	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
29980822-5	2018	Antagonist activity was expressed as the reduction in nAChR occupancy by nicotine during smoking in the presence of an agonist.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
29980822-8	2018	Other discontinued nAChR agonists have lower agonist and antagonist activities at alpha4beta2 nAChRs and are inactive or less efficacious than NRT (dianicline, ABT-089, CP-601927, CP-601932).	dianicline	148-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
29980822-8	2018	Other discontinued nAChR agonists have lower agonist and antagonist activities at alpha4beta2 nAChRs and are inactive or less efficacious than NRT (dianicline, ABT-089, CP-601927, CP-601932).	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	160-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
30072754-1	2018	Nicotine and acetylcholine cause immunosuppresion by signaling to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) on immune cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30072754-1	2018	Nicotine and acetylcholine cause immunosuppresion by signaling to the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) on immune cells.	Acetylcholine	13-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
30072754-2	2018	Neonicotinoids are nAChR agonists and widly used insecticides.	Neonicotinoids	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
29759142-3	2018	Fab35 partially inhibited nAChR downmodulation, blocked EAMG serum-induced binding of polyclonal antibodies and complement deposition in vitro.	fab35	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
29784663-1	2018	Evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2, but not the alpha7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-107
29784663-1	2018	Evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2, but not the alpha7, subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays a key role in mediating the behavioral effects of nicotine and related drugs.	Nicotine	172-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
28726253-2	2018	The aim of this study was to identify molecularly, biochemically and pharmacologically which nAChR subtypes are expressed and functionally activated by nicotine in lung cancer cell lines.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
28726253-4	2018	KEY RESULTS: The two adenocarcinoma cell lines express distinctive nAChR subtypes, and this affects their nicotine-induced proliferation.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
29681847-9	2018	Reduced nAChR-mediated anti-inflammation due to the loss of nicotinic innervation might lead to the transformation of glial cells and release of inflammatory mediators, lowering the buffering of extracellular potassium and glutamate metabolism.	Potassium	209-218	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
29672680-7	2018	Therefore, using the recently developed alpha4beta2-nAChR-specific radioligand (-)-18F-flubatine and PET, we aimed to quantify the alpha4beta2-nAChR availability and its relationship to specific cognitive dysfunction in mild Alzheimer"s dementia.	18f-flubatine	83-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
29672680-7	2018	Therefore, using the recently developed alpha4beta2-nAChR-specific radioligand (-)-18F-flubatine and PET, we aimed to quantify the alpha4beta2-nAChR availability and its relationship to specific cognitive dysfunction in mild Alzheimer"s dementia.	18f-flubatine	83-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
29672680-15	2018	Using (-)-18F-flubatine PET in patients with mild Alzheimer"s dementia, we show for the first time a cholinergic alpha4beta2-nAChR deficiency mainly present within the basal forebrain-cortical and septohippocampal cholinergic projections and a relationship between lower alpha4beta2-nAChR availability and impairment of distinct cognitive domains, notably episodic memory and executive function/working memory.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	14-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
29672680-16	2018	This shows the potential of (-)-18F-flubatine as PET biomarker of cholinergic alpha4beta2-nAChR dysfunction and specific cognitive decline.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	35-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
29588343-4	2018	Both influx of calcium through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel as well as the binding of intracellular G proteins were involved in the effect of PNU120596 on intracellular calcium.	Calcium	15-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
29588343-4	2018	Both influx of calcium through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel as well as the binding of intracellular G proteins were involved in the effect of PNU120596 on intracellular calcium.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	173-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
29588343-4	2018	Both influx of calcium through the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel as well as the binding of intracellular G proteins were involved in the effect of PNU120596 on intracellular calcium.	Calcium	200-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
29588343-7	2018	From the model, allosteric modulation of the receptor activates CICR locally via ryanodine receptors and augments IICR through enhanced calcium influx due to prolonged alpha7 nAChR opening.	Calcium	136-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-180
29791835-5	2018	Electrophysiology, coupled with two-photon microscopy and laser flash photolysis of photoactivatable nicotine, was used to demonstrate nAChR functional activity in the somatodendritic subcellular compartment of VTA VGLUT2+ neurons.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
29215705-8	2018	Moreover, nicotine induced expressions of CTGF, and TGF-beta in fibroblasts as identified through alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-dependent activation of the AKT/TAZ signaling mechanism.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
29572431-3	2018	Efferent activation inhibits OHC active amplification within the mammalian cochlea, through the activation of a calcium-permeable alpha9alpha10 ionotropic cholinergic nicotinic receptor (nAChR), functionally coupled to calcium activated SK2 potassium channels.	Calcium	112-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
29681847-9	2018	Reduced nAChR-mediated anti-inflammation due to the loss of nicotinic innervation might lead to the transformation of glial cells and release of inflammatory mediators, lowering the buffering of extracellular potassium and glutamate metabolism.	Glutamic Acid	223-232	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
20301348-15	1993	Individuals with ADNFLE associated with the CHRNA4 pathogenic variant p.Ser284Leu are more responsive to zonisamide than carbamazepine.	Zonisamide	105-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-50
29428175-1	2018	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) that plays an important role in cellular calcium signaling and contributes to several neurological diseases.	Calcium	130-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
29428175-2	2018	Agonist binding to the alpha7 nAChR induces fast channel activation followed by inactivation and prolonged desensitization while triggering long-lasting calcium signaling.	Calcium	153-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
29621993-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The identification of variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes associated with smoking phenotypes are increasingly important for prevention and treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-82
29621993-1	2018	BACKGROUND: The identification of variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes associated with smoking phenotypes are increasingly important for prevention and treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
28778837-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been shown to modulate ethanol behaviors in adult humans and in animal models; however, the role of these receptors in adolescent ethanol behaviors has not been explored.	Ethanol	70-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
28778837-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been shown to modulate ethanol behaviors in adult humans and in animal models; however, the role of these receptors in adolescent ethanol behaviors has not been explored.	Ethanol	70-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
20301348-15	1993	Individuals with ADNFLE associated with the CHRNA4 pathogenic variant p.Ser284Leu are more responsive to zonisamide than carbamazepine.	Carbamazepine	121-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-50
29510587-7	2018	On the other hand, the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine strongly inhibited the growth and differentiation of organoids, suggesting the involvement of nAChRs in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5-positive stem cells.	Mecamylamine	40-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
28762314-2	2018	Many nAChR subunits have been identified and shown to be involved in signal transduction on binding to them of either the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or exogenous ligands such as nicotine.	Acetylcholine	139-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
29497086-5	2018	Human muscle nAChR is sensitive to mutations at position 418, with the Cys-to-Trp mutation resulting in a 16-fold potentiation in function that leads to a congenital myasthenic syndrome.	Cysteine	71-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
29497086-5	2018	Human muscle nAChR is sensitive to mutations at position 418, with the Cys-to-Trp mutation resulting in a 16-fold potentiation in function that leads to a congenital myasthenic syndrome.	Tryptophan	78-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
29495549-9	2018	In conclusion, this is the first study to show that prorocentrolide-A acts on both muscle and neuronal nAChRs, but with higher affinity on the muscle-type nAChR.	prorocentrolide-a	52-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
28825423-1	2018	The aim of the trial was to assess whether extending plasma levels of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (DMXB-A) over time enhances its cognitive effects in schizophrenia.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	130-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-113
28825423-1	2018	The aim of the trial was to assess whether extending plasma levels of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (DMXB-A) over time enhances its cognitive effects in schizophrenia.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	130-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
28825423-1	2018	The aim of the trial was to assess whether extending plasma levels of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (DMXB-A) over time enhances its cognitive effects in schizophrenia.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	171-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-113
28825423-1	2018	The aim of the trial was to assess whether extending plasma levels of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist 3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-anabaseine (DMXB-A) over time enhances its cognitive effects in schizophrenia.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	171-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
29324040-5	2018	The structurally related sulfoximine sulfoxaflor and butenolide flupyradifurone are also nAChR agonists, and the mesoionic triflumezopyrim is a nAChR competitive modulator with little or no target-site cross-resistance.	sulfoximine sulfoxaflor	25-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
29324040-5	2018	The structurally related sulfoximine sulfoxaflor and butenolide flupyradifurone are also nAChR agonists, and the mesoionic triflumezopyrim is a nAChR competitive modulator with little or no target-site cross-resistance.	butenolide flupyradifurone	53-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
29324040-5	2018	The structurally related sulfoximine sulfoxaflor and butenolide flupyradifurone are also nAChR agonists, and the mesoionic triflumezopyrim is a nAChR competitive modulator with little or no target-site cross-resistance.	triflumezopyrim	123-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
29095106-8	2018	Such a fitness cost could explain why target site resistances to neonicotinoids in pest insect populations have been associated specific amino acid replacement mutations in nAChR subunits, rather than loss of function.	Neonicotinoids	65-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
29370396-2	2018	Although alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2 nAChR) in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a key role in the ketamine-induced prefrontal serotonin release, the source of cholinergic afferents, and its role is unclear.	Ketamine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
29370396-2	2018	Although alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2 nAChR) in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a key role in the ketamine-induced prefrontal serotonin release, the source of cholinergic afferents, and its role is unclear.	Serotonin	154-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
29370396-7	2018	This increase was attenuated by intra-dorsal raphe nucleus injection of dihydro-beta-erythroidine, an alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, or NBQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	72-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
29352227-2	2018	In this study, we characterize the pharmacological interactions of the nAChRs PAM, LY2087101, with the alpha4beta2 nAChR using mutational and computational analyses.	LY 2087101	83-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
29110618-6	2018	Recent studies have demonstrated that the alpha4, beta2, and alpha7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) participate in the cognitive-enhancing effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
28762314-2	2018	Many nAChR subunits have been identified and shown to be involved in signal transduction on binding to them of either the neurotransmitter acetylcholine or exogenous ligands such as nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
28762314-5	2018	This review intends to provide insights into recent advances in nAChR signaling, considering the subtypes and subunits of nAChRs and their roles in nicotinic cholinergic systems, including structure, diversity, functional allosteric modulation, targeted knockout mutations, and rare variations of specific subunits, and the potency and functional effects of mutations by focusing on their effects on nicotine addiction (NA) and smoking cessation (SC).	Nicotine	400-408	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
29129316-4	2017	Unexpectedly, both deletions and duplications lead to decreased alpha7 nAChR-associated calcium flux.	Calcium	88-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
28859996-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists such as nicotine may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for this population.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
28859996-2	2018	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists such as nicotine may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for this population.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
29058146-9	2018	Finally, we have also investigated the effect of nAChR-targeted tobacco cessation drugs on catecholamine release in chromaffin cells.	Catecholamines	91-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
29058146-9	2018	Finally, we have also investigated the effect of nAChR-targeted tobacco cessation drugs on catecholamine release in chromaffin cells.	chromaffin	116-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
29074617-9	2017	Moreover, nicotine altered nAChR assembly in the ER, resulting in increased production of the receptor isoform that traffics more efficiently to the cell surface.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
29074617-10	2017	We conclude that the combined effects of the increased assembly of one nAChR stoichiometry and its preferential trafficking likely drive the up-regulation of nAChRs on the cell surface upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	190-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
28875553-3	2018	Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for halpha2beta2 (0.34 nM), halpha3beta2 (0.80 nM) and halpha4beta2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27-219 nM) for hbeta4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for halpha7 nAChR.	nifene	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
28875553-3	2018	Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for halpha2beta2 (0.34 nM), halpha3beta2 (0.80 nM) and halpha4beta2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27-219 nM) for hbeta4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for halpha7 nAChR.	nifene	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
28875553-3	2018	Nifene had subnanomolar affinities for halpha2beta2 (0.34 nM), halpha3beta2 (0.80 nM) and halpha4beta2 (0.83 nM) nAChR but weaker (27-219 nM) for hbeta4 nAChR subtypes and 169 nM for halpha7 nAChR.	nifene	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Tubocurarine	74-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
29618714-7	2018	T-REx293 cells expressed the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) and tubocurarine, an nAChR antagonist, completely blocked the effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
29129316-5	2017	For deletions, this decrease in alpha7 nAChR-dependent calcium flux is expected due to haploinsufficiency of CHRNA7.	Calcium	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
29129316-8	2017	Here, we showed that alpha7 nAChR-dependent calcium signal cascades are downregulated in both 15q13.3 deletion and duplication NPCs.	Calcium	44-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
28416445-8	2017	GeXIVA is therefore a unique ligand that might prove useful for further probing of binding sites on the alpha9alpha10 nAChR.	gexiva	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
28494312-5	2017	The selective ganglionic nAChR agonist DMPP used as a positive control, was a potent activator and desensitizer of nAChR expressed by SH-SY5Y cells.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	39-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
28963927-0	2017	Human biodistribution and dosimetry of [18F]nifene, an alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor PET tracer.	nifene	39-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-100
28963927-2	2017	[18F]Nifene is a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand that has shown promise for in vivo imaging of the alpha4beta2* nAChR system in preclinical models and humans.	nifene	5-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
28963927-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: [18F]Nifene is a safe PET radioligand for imaging the alpha4beta2* nAChR system in humans.	nifene	18-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
28963927-12	2017	These results facilitate safe development of future [18F]nifene studies to image the alpha4beta2* nAChR system in humans.	nifene	57-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
28494312-3	2017	The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that anagyrine but not lupanine or sparteine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in a cell culture model.	anagyrine	60-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-179
28494312-3	2017	The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that anagyrine but not lupanine or sparteine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in a cell culture model.	anagyrine	60-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
28494312-5	2017	The selective ganglionic nAChR agonist DMPP used as a positive control, was a potent activator and desensitizer of nAChR expressed by SH-SY5Y cells.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	39-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
28494312-8	2017	Anagyrine was a desensitizer of nAChR with DC50 values of 6.9 and 139muM in SH-SY5Y and TE-671 cells, respectively.	anagyrine	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
29196725-2	2017	There is growing evidence that genetic variations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits influence the risk of nicotine dependence and the ability to quit smoking.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
28494312-9	2017	These results confirm the hypothesis that anagyrine is a potent and effective desensitizer of nAChR, and that anagyrine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nAChR.	anagyrine	42-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
29196725-2	2017	There is growing evidence that genetic variations in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits influence the risk of nicotine dependence and the ability to quit smoking.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
29196725-3	2017	To investigate the role of polymorphisms in nAChR genes on smoking quantity and the outcome of smoking-cessation therapies, we carried out an association study on 337 smokers who underwent pharmacotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, or NRT plus bupropion.	Varenicline	210-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28494312-9	2017	These results confirm the hypothesis that anagyrine is a potent and effective desensitizer of nAChR, and that anagyrine can directly, without metabolism, desensitize nAChR.	anagyrine	110-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
29196725-3	2017	To investigate the role of polymorphisms in nAChR genes on smoking quantity and the outcome of smoking-cessation therapies, we carried out an association study on 337 smokers who underwent pharmacotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, or NRT plus bupropion.	Bupropion	223-232	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28602809-10	2017	They are suggested to mediate the deleterious effects of the major tobacco component, nicotine, a nAChR agonist.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
29196725-3	2017	To investigate the role of polymorphisms in nAChR genes on smoking quantity and the outcome of smoking-cessation therapies, we carried out an association study on 337 smokers who underwent pharmacotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, or NRT plus bupropion.	Nicotine	234-242	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
29196725-3	2017	To investigate the role of polymorphisms in nAChR genes on smoking quantity and the outcome of smoking-cessation therapies, we carried out an association study on 337 smokers who underwent pharmacotherapy with varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) alone, or NRT plus bupropion.	Bupropion	288-297	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28586306-3	2017	Nicotine is an exogenous agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and acts as a pharmacological chaperone in the regulation of nAChR expression, potentially intervening in age-related changes in diverse molecular pathways leading to pathology.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
29040265-1	2017	The majority of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), an organ-specific autoimmune disease, harbor autoantibodies that attack the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR-Abs) at the neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles, resulting in muscle weakness.	Acetylcholine	140-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
28878016-0	2017	Enantiomeric barbiturates bind distinct inter- and intrasubunit binding sites in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Barbiturates	13-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
28878016-0	2017	Enantiomeric barbiturates bind distinct inter- and intrasubunit binding sites in a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Barbiturates	13-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
28878016-9	2017	Propofol, a general anesthetic that binds to GABAAR intersubunit sites, inhibited [3H]S-mTFD-MPPB photolabeling of these nAChR intrasubunit binding sites.	Propofol	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
28878016-9	2017	Propofol, a general anesthetic that binds to GABAAR intersubunit sites, inhibited [3H]S-mTFD-MPPB photolabeling of these nAChR intrasubunit binding sites.	Tritium	83-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
28878016-9	2017	Propofol, a general anesthetic that binds to GABAAR intersubunit sites, inhibited [3H]S-mTFD-MPPB photolabeling of these nAChR intrasubunit binding sites.	mtfd-mppb	88-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
29062606-4	2017	Using choline as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, we found that nAChR stimulation was sufficient to protect SH-SY5Y cells against cell death from MPP+.	Choline	6-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-51
29062606-4	2017	Using choline as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, we found that nAChR stimulation was sufficient to protect SH-SY5Y cells against cell death from MPP+.	Choline	6-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
29062606-4	2017	Using choline as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, we found that nAChR stimulation was sufficient to protect SH-SY5Y cells against cell death from MPP+.	Choline	6-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	methyllycaconitine	27-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	methyllycaconitine	47-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-5	2017	Blocking alpha7 nAChR with methyllycaconitine (MLA) prevented the protective effects of nicotine, demonstrating that these receptors are necessary for the neuroprotective effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
29062606-8	2017	In conclusion, our data indicate that nicotine likely exerts neuroprotective effects in PD through the alpha7 nAChR and downstream pathways including PARP-1 and caspase-3.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
28851841-1	2017	Conotoxin GeXIVA inhibits the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and is analgesic in animal models of pain.	gexiva	10-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
28874590-3	2017	We addressed these challenges in the context of the alpha4beta2 nAChR, a widespread ligand-gated ion channel in the brain and a target for nicotine addiction therapy, and the 19-residue conotoxin alpha-GID that antagonizes it.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
28815595-6	2017	Escitalopram and fluvoxamine (100 nM to 1 muM) reversibly inhibited nAChR currents.	Citalopram	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
28815595-6	2017	Escitalopram and fluvoxamine (100 nM to 1 muM) reversibly inhibited nAChR currents.	Fluvoxamine	17-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
28815595-7	2017	The sigma-1 receptor antagonists NE-100 and BD-1047 also blocked nAChR currents (  50% block at 100 nM) as did PRE-084, a sigma-1 receptor agonist.	N-(2-(3,4-Dichlorphenyl)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethandiamin	44-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
28815595-8	2017	Block of nAChR currents by fluvoxamine and NE-100 was not additive suggesting a common site of action.	Fluvoxamine	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
28815595-8	2017	Block of nAChR currents by fluvoxamine and NE-100 was not additive suggesting a common site of action.	N,N-dipropyl-2-(4-methoxy-3-(2-phenylethoxy)phenyl)ethylamine monohydrochloride	43-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
28877969-11	2017	These findings connect CHRNA4 genotype, CO network activation, and sustained alertness, providing insights into how genetics shapes individuals" cognitive control abilities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The nicotinic acetylcholine system plays a central role in neuromodulatory regulation of cognitive control processes and is dysregulated in several neuropsychiatric disorders.	Acetylcholine	210-223	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-29
28766701-4	2017	Fenofibrate, a common lipid-regulating drug, is an agonist at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) that is a ligand-activated transcription factor, which negatively modulates the function of beta2-containing nAChR.	Fenofibrate	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	232-237
28935799-3	2017	Among them is epibatidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that is lethal at microgram doses.	epibatidine	14-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-61
28935799-3	2017	Among them is epibatidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that is lethal at microgram doses.	epibatidine	14-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
28935799-4	2017	Epibatidine shares a highly conserved binding site with acetylcholine, making it difficult to evolve resistance yet maintain nAChR function.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
28935799-5	2017	Electrophysiological assays of human and frog nAChR revealed that one amino acid replacement, which evolved three times in poison frogs, decreased epibatidine sensitivity but at a cost of acetylcholine sensitivity.	epibatidine	147-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
28606760-1	2017	The vertebrate Cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are comprised of nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR), serotonin type 3 (5-HT3R), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAAR), and glycine (GlyR) receptors.	Cysteine	15-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
28842382-10	2017	These findings suggest that varenicline promotes HUVEC migration by lowering VE-cadherin expression due to activated ERK/p38/JNK signaling through alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	28-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
28878681-2	2017	Our previous studies suggested that alpha5-nAChR mediates nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
28878681-6	2017	In vivo, alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibited the growth of lung tumors, especially in the context of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
28878681-8	2017	These results reveal that alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibits the progression of nicotine-related NSCLC, making this receptor a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of nicotine-related lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
28878681-8	2017	These results reveal that alpha5-nAChR silencing inhibits the progression of nicotine-related NSCLC, making this receptor a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of nicotine-related lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	178-186	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
28718646-3	2017	Taking advantage of more than 100 AChBP crystal structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB), we explored the relationship between the size, efficiency, and efficacy of nAChR ligands and the C-loop movement.	achbp	34-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
28718646-4	2017	We found that the size of the ligand is correlated with the opening of the C-loop, which can be used in selecting AChBP crystal structures with appropriate C-loop opening to be used for nAChR ligand docking.	achbp	114-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
28791704-6	2017	Granulocyte abundance, nAChR expression, and nAChR upregulation following chronic nicotine administration makes granulocytes interesting models for identifying protein markers of nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
28791704-7	2017	Nicotinic receptor subunits and several non-nAChR proteins have been identified as protein markers of granulocyte nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28420041-8	2017	CONCLUSION: The binding profile and tracer kinetics of [18 F]nifene make it a promising alpha4beta2* nAChR radiotracer for scientific research in humans, with reliable DVR test-retest reproducibility.	nifene	61-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
28585699-9	2017	Use of the beta2-selective nAChR antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggests that loss of cholinergic efficacy may also be the result of an age-related subunit switch from high affinity beta2-containing nAChRs to low affinity beta4-containing nAChRs, in addition to the loss of total nAChR number.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	45-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
28585699-9	2017	Use of the beta2-selective nAChR antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine, suggests that loss of cholinergic efficacy may also be the result of an age-related subunit switch from high affinity beta2-containing nAChRs to low affinity beta4-containing nAChRs, in addition to the loss of total nAChR number.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	45-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	207-212
28750889-0	2017	Reciprocal activation of alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 in nicotine-induced human lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
28750889-6	2017	Nicotine increased the levels of alpha5-nAChR mRNA and protein in NSCLC cell lines and activated the JAK2/STAT3 signaling cascade.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
28750889-7	2017	Nicotine-induced activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling was inhibited by the silencing of alpha5-nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
28750889-10	2017	By silencing STAT3 expression, nicotine-induced upregulation of alpha5-nAChR was suppressed.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
28750889-11	2017	Downregulation of alpha5-nAChR and/or STAT3 expression inhibited nicotine-induced lung cancer cell proliferation.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
28750889-12	2017	These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that alpha5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
28750889-12	2017	These results suggest that there is a feedback loop between alpha5-nAChR and STAT3 that contributes to the nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which indicates that alpha5-nAChR is an important therapeutic target involved in tobacco-associated lung carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
27581650-2	2017	Despite varying reports in the literature as to which receptor is ultimately responsible for interaction of RVG with the nervous system, there is a strong argument for major nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) involvement.	Acetylcholine	184-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
28725182-2	2017	Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR.	Phosphorylcholine	27-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
28725182-2	2017	Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR.	Phosphorylcholine	43-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
28725182-2	2017	Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	51-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
28725182-2	2017	Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	83-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
28319594-5	2017	During the follow-up, the reduction of anti-nAChR antibodies produced by immunoadsorption was associated with a diminished orthostatic hypotension, a restored capability to increase LF/HF, LFSAP and norepinephrine in upright position, a decline in the intensity of autonomic symptoms and an improvement of life quality.	Norepinephrine	199-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
28583088-10	2017	Finally, we found that liver-specific CHRNA4 transcription was highly correlated with genes involved in the nicotine metabolism, including CYP2A6, UGT2B7, and FMO3.	Nicotine	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-44
27421773-8	2017	In addition, drastic variation in the binding stability of Mongoose nAChR-alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and human nAChR-alpha-BTX complexes were found at specific phase of MDS.	alpha-btx	94-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	23-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
28268112-1	2017	Varenicline (Champix , Chantix ) is a partial agonist of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and a full agonist of the alpha7 nAChR.	Varenicline	23-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
28268112-3	2017	Varenicline has been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, including myocardial infarction, which may be caused by activation of the alpha7 nAChR receptor that in turn stimulates parasympathetic output from the brainstem to the heart, release of catecholamines, and has a prothrombotic effect.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
28268112-3	2017	Varenicline has been associated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, including myocardial infarction, which may be caused by activation of the alpha7 nAChR receptor that in turn stimulates parasympathetic output from the brainstem to the heart, release of catecholamines, and has a prothrombotic effect.	Catecholamines	260-274	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
28298165-3	2017	The alpha6beta2beta3 nAChR subtype is expressed in terminals of dopaminergic neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens and striatum and modulate dopamine release in brain regions involved in nicotine addiction.	Dopamine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
28298165-3	2017	The alpha6beta2beta3 nAChR subtype is expressed in terminals of dopaminergic neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens and striatum and modulate dopamine release in brain regions involved in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
27581650-5	2017	It is possible that nAChR-mediated uptake of RVG-derived peptides may serve as an attractive new approach for targeting drug delivery to the brain.	rvg	45-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
27613895-4	2017	We have manually curated a set of genes believed to play a role in nicotine-induced nAChR upregulation.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
28212459-1	2017	Nicotinoids are agonists of the acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and play important biochemical and pharmacological roles.	nicotinoids	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
28499726-6	2017	This reduction was inhibited not only by mecamylamine, a nAChR antagonist, but also by PI3K and Akt inhibitors.	Mecamylamine	41-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
28499726-8	2017	These results suggest that donepezil inhibits the inflammatory response induced by bradykinin via nAChR and PI3K-Akt pathway in astrocytes.	Donepezil	27-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
28450546-10	2017	The data may also help to explain why genetic insults to alpha4 subunits are associated with working memory and attentional deficits and why alpha4beta2-nAChR agonists may have therapeutic potential.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The acetylcholine (ACh) arousal system in the brain is needed for robust attention and working memory functions, but the receptor and cellular bases for its beneficial effects are poorly understood in the newly evolved primate brain.	Acetylcholine	226-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
28450546-11	2017	The current study found that ACh stimulation of nicotinic receptors comprised of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) enhanced the firing of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex that subserve top-down attentional control and working memory.	Acetylcholine	29-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
28100642-7	2017	Lynx1 is expressed in the habenulopeduncular tract, where alpha3beta4*-alpha5*-nAChR subtypes are critical contributors to the balance between nicotine aversion and reward.	Nicotine	143-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
28221788-0	2017	Substituted 2-Aminopyrimidines Selective for alpha7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation and Association with Acetylcholine Binding Proteins.	2-aminopyrimidine	12-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
28361878-4	2017	This study provides novel structural insights into the molecular basis for alpha-conotoxin activity at alpha3beta4 nAChR, a therapeutic target where subtype specific antagonists have potential to treat nicotine addiction and lung cancer.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
28221788-1	2017	Through studies with ligand binding to the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), we previously identified a series of 4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines that associate with this soluble surrogate of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a cooperative fashion, not seen for classical nicotinic agonists and antagonists.	Acetylcholine	43-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-236
28221788-1	2017	Through studies with ligand binding to the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), we previously identified a series of 4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines that associate with this soluble surrogate of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a cooperative fashion, not seen for classical nicotinic agonists and antagonists.	Acetylcholine	43-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	238-243
28221788-1	2017	Through studies with ligand binding to the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), we previously identified a series of 4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines that associate with this soluble surrogate of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a cooperative fashion, not seen for classical nicotinic agonists and antagonists.	4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines	119-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-236
28221788-1	2017	Through studies with ligand binding to the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), we previously identified a series of 4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines that associate with this soluble surrogate of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a cooperative fashion, not seen for classical nicotinic agonists and antagonists.	4,6-substituted 2-aminopyrimidines	119-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	238-243
28221788-3	2017	Initial screening of a series of over 50 newly characterized 2-aminopyrimidines with affinity for AChBP showed only two to be agonists on the alpha7-nAChR below 10 muM concentration.	2-aminopyrimidine	61-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
28025040-7	2017	Mecamylamine, a nAChR inhibitor, suppressed not only these [Ca2+]i transients, but also IL-2 release and T cell proliferation.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
28293176-11	2017	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nAChR agonist nicotine or DMPP had no effect on the excitability of RA PNs, and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine failed to inhibit the effects of carbachol.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
28293176-11	2017	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nAChR agonist nicotine or DMPP had no effect on the excitability of RA PNs, and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine failed to inhibit the effects of carbachol.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
28293176-11	2017	Activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nAChR agonist nicotine or DMPP had no effect on the excitability of RA PNs, and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine failed to inhibit the effects of carbachol.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	88-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
27531501-3	2017	Our results show that blockade of the alpha3beta4 nAChR in the MHb, but not the IPN prevented increases in locomotor responding as well as increases in accumbal dopamine overflow in sensitized animals.	Dopamine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
27871840-4	2017	The measured Kd for acetylcholine binding to the uncoupled nAChR is similar to that for the resting state, confirming that the agonist binding site adopts a resting-state like conformation.	Acetylcholine	20-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
27993517-1	2017	We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroguanidines and their utility as alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists.	Quinuclidines	29-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
27993517-1	2017	We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroguanidines and their utility as alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists.	spiroguanidines	53-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
27856558-3	2017	The neuronal alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is critically involved in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
27917874-4	2017	Since acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis is most closely related to the alpha-subunit of nAChRs, it has been used as a template for the N-terminal domain of alpha-subunit of nAChR to study the molecular recognition process of nAChR-ligand interactions, and to identify ligands with potential nAChR-like activities.Here we report the discovery and optimization of novel acetylcholine-binding protein ligands through screening, structure-activity relationships and structure-based design.	Acetylcholine	6-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
27917874-4	2017	Since acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis is most closely related to the alpha-subunit of nAChRs, it has been used as a template for the N-terminal domain of alpha-subunit of nAChR to study the molecular recognition process of nAChR-ligand interactions, and to identify ligands with potential nAChR-like activities.Here we report the discovery and optimization of novel acetylcholine-binding protein ligands through screening, structure-activity relationships and structure-based design.	Acetylcholine	6-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
27917874-4	2017	Since acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) from Lymnaea stagnalis is most closely related to the alpha-subunit of nAChRs, it has been used as a template for the N-terminal domain of alpha-subunit of nAChR to study the molecular recognition process of nAChR-ligand interactions, and to identify ligands with potential nAChR-like activities.Here we report the discovery and optimization of novel acetylcholine-binding protein ligands through screening, structure-activity relationships and structure-based design.	Acetylcholine	6-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
28372298-12	2017	The functional activity of alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay.	Calcium	57-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
28372298-12	2017	The functional activity of alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
28372298-12	2017	The functional activity of alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay.	Fluo 4	110-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
28372298-12	2017	The functional activity of alpha7 nAChR was evaluated by calcium (Ca2+) influx mediated by nicotine using the Fluo-4 NW Calcium assay.	Calcium	120-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
28372298-18	2017	CONCLUSIONS: At the concentration used, nicotine had an adverse effect on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of hWJ-MSCs which was probably impaired through a alpha7 nAChR mediation.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
27678550-3	2017	OBJECTIVES: The aim was to test whether low doses of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine would benefit performance in human volunteers.	Mecamylamine	74-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
28176635-8	2017	Co-crystallisation of neonicotinoids with the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), a surrogate for the nAChR ligand binding domain, has proved instructive.	Neonicotinoids	22-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
27805736-1	2017	Varenicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist used to treat nicotine addiction, but a live debate persists concerning its mechanism of action in reducing nicotine consumption.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-49
27805736-1	2017	Varenicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist used to treat nicotine addiction, but a live debate persists concerning its mechanism of action in reducing nicotine consumption.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
27805736-1	2017	Varenicline is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist used to treat nicotine addiction, but a live debate persists concerning its mechanism of action in reducing nicotine consumption.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
27805736-2	2017	Although initially reported as alpha4beta2 selective, varenicline was subsequently shown to activate other nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine addiction including alpha3beta4.	Varenicline	54-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
27805736-2	2017	Although initially reported as alpha4beta2 selective, varenicline was subsequently shown to activate other nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine addiction including alpha3beta4.	Nicotine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
27573666-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family encodes for subunits of acetylcholine gated ion channels.	Acetylcholine	26-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
28863823-1	2017	Cholesterol is a potent modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo.	Cholesterol	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
28863823-1	2017	Cholesterol is a potent modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo.	Cholesterol	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
28863823-2	2017	Here, we review current understanding of the mechanisms underlying cholesterol-nAChR interactions in the context of increasingly available high-resolution structural and functional data.	Cholesterol	67-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
28863823-4	2017	In the absence of cholesterol and anionic lipids, the nAChR adopts an uncoupled conformation that binds agonist but does not undergo agonist-induced conformational transitions-unless the nAChR is located in a relatively thick lipid bilayer, such as that found in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.	Lipid Bilayers	226-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
28863823-4	2017	In the absence of cholesterol and anionic lipids, the nAChR adopts an uncoupled conformation that binds agonist but does not undergo agonist-induced conformational transitions-unless the nAChR is located in a relatively thick lipid bilayer, such as that found in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.	Lipid Bilayers	226-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
28863823-4	2017	In the absence of cholesterol and anionic lipids, the nAChR adopts an uncoupled conformation that binds agonist but does not undergo agonist-induced conformational transitions-unless the nAChR is located in a relatively thick lipid bilayer, such as that found in cholesterol-rich lipid rafts.	Cholesterol	263-274	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
28863823-8	2017	We evaluate the nature of cholesterol-nAChR interactions, considering the evidence supporting the roles of both direct binding to allosteric sites and cholesterol-induced changes in bulk membrane physical properties.	Cholesterol	26-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
27645992-11	2016	Agonists or antagonists for these unorthodox sites might be selective and effective drugs for modulating nAChR function to treat nicotine addiction and other disorders.	Nicotine	129-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
28105289-1	2017	We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroimidates and their utility as alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists.	Quinuclidines	29-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
28105289-1	2017	We describe the synthesis of quinuclidine-containing spiroimidates and their utility as alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists.	spiroimidates	53-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
27907022-14	2016	nAChR antagonists significantly suppressed the effects of nicotine on podocyte.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
27613505-3	2016	Varenicline is a nAChR partial agonist that may improve cognitive deficits in both smokers and non-smokers with schizophrenia; however, the mechanism by which varenicline alters cognition in schizophrenia remains unclear.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	glutathione thiyl radical	91-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	glutathione thiyl radical	91-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	glutathione thiyl radical	91-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	glutathione thiyl radical	91-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	beta-Cyclodextrins	129-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	beta-Cyclodextrins	129-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	beta-Cyclodextrins	129-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	beta-Cyclodextrins	129-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	263-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	263-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	263-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	263-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	289-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	289-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	289-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	Superoxides	289-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	OOH	308-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-48
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	OOH	308-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	OOH	308-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27941944-5	2016	We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent.	OOH	308-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-201
27846263-5	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine acutely (24h) or chronically (4 days) induced a differential increase in the expression of nAChR subunit mRNA and protein in a dose- and time-dependent fashion.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
27846263-7	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
27846263-7	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Mecamylamine	127-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
27846263-7	2016	Exposing STC-1 cells to nicotine increased intracellular Ca2+ in a dose-dependent manner that was inhibited in the presence of mecamylamine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	143-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
27846263-13	2016	In STC-1 cells nAChR expression is modulated by exposure to nicotine in a dose- and time-dependent manner.	Nicotine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
27190210-3	2016	nAChR agonists elicit a transient ion flux response that is further sustained by the release of calcium from intracellular sources.	Calcium	96-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
27545666-1	2016	The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) is considered to have a crucial effect on sensory inputs in the process of learning and memory, and ACh activates muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic (nAChR) acetylcholine receptors.	Acetylcholine	19-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
27545666-1	2016	The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) is considered to have a crucial effect on sensory inputs in the process of learning and memory, and ACh activates muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic (nAChR) acetylcholine receptors.	Acetylcholine	34-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
27545666-1	2016	The neuromodulator acetylcholine (ACh) is considered to have a crucial effect on sensory inputs in the process of learning and memory, and ACh activates muscarinic (mAChR) and nicotinic (nAChR) acetylcholine receptors.	Acetylcholine	139-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
27545666-4	2016	However, the responsibility of mAChR and nAChR on pyramidal neuron and interneuron on STDP induction is still unclear.	stdp	86-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
27128144-4	2016	In turn, acetylcholine interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, particularly with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), which is expressed by macrophages and other cytokine-producing cells.	Acetylcholine	9-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
27128144-4	2016	In turn, acetylcholine interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, particularly with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), which is expressed by macrophages and other cytokine-producing cells.	Acetylcholine	9-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
27128144-4	2016	In turn, acetylcholine interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, particularly with the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), which is expressed by macrophages and other cytokine-producing cells.	Acetylcholine	9-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-155
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
27424921-8	2016	We also found that nicotine induced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signal activation, and a specific inhibitor of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) as well as knockdown of nAChR prevented nicotine-mediated Akt phosphorylation and aPKC activation.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27424921-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS AND GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Nicotine induces aberrant activation of aPKC via nAChR/PI3K signaling in PC cells, resulting in enhancement of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
26790437-7	2016	Our study found that A7-nAChR knockdown (A7-nAChR-KD) AGS cells were more sensitive to ixabepilone administration than scrambled control AGS cells.	ixabepilone	87-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
27559543-4	2016	We observed significant effects of nicotine exposure on the beta2*-nAChR-associated proteome in human and mouse cortex, particularly in the abundance of the nAChR subunits themselves, as well as putative interacting proteins that make up core components of neuronal excitability (Na/K ATPase subunits), presynaptic neurotransmitter release (syntaxins, SNAP25, synaptotagmin), and a member of a known nAChR protein chaperone family (14-3-3zeta).	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
27284006-7	2016	Exposure of cytokine-stimulated NK cells to PNU-282987, a specific alpha7 nAChR agonist, increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) mainly released from intracellular stores, indicating that alpha7 nAChR is functional.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
27284006-7	2016	Exposure of cytokine-stimulated NK cells to PNU-282987, a specific alpha7 nAChR agonist, increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) mainly released from intracellular stores, indicating that alpha7 nAChR is functional.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
27284006-7	2016	Exposure of cytokine-stimulated NK cells to PNU-282987, a specific alpha7 nAChR agonist, increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) mainly released from intracellular stores, indicating that alpha7 nAChR is functional.	Calcium	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
27284006-7	2016	Exposure of cytokine-stimulated NK cells to PNU-282987, a specific alpha7 nAChR agonist, increases intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) mainly released from intracellular stores, indicating that alpha7 nAChR is functional.	Calcium	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
26790437-0	2016	Silencing A7-nAChR levels increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to ixabepilone treatment.	ixabepilone	79-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
26790437-3	2016	Alpha-7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (A7-nAChR) is the key molecule that mediates gastric cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy responses; however, the role of A7-nAChR in the therapeutic efficacy of ixabepilone remains unclear.	ixabepilone	209-220	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
26790437-3	2016	Alpha-7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (A7-nAChR) is the key molecule that mediates gastric cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy responses; however, the role of A7-nAChR in the therapeutic efficacy of ixabepilone remains unclear.	ixabepilone	209-220	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
27493220-1	2016	In this study we report the X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human neuronal alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit in complex with the agonist epibatidine at 3.2 A. Interestingly, alpha2 was crystallized as a pentamer, revealing the intersubunit interactions in a wild type neuronal nAChR ECD and the full ligand binding pocket conferred by two adjacent alpha subunits.	epibatidine	192-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
27493220-1	2016	In this study we report the X-ray crystal structure of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the human neuronal alpha2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit in complex with the agonist epibatidine at 3.2 A. Interestingly, alpha2 was crystallized as a pentamer, revealing the intersubunit interactions in a wild type neuronal nAChR ECD and the full ligand binding pocket conferred by two adjacent alpha subunits.	epibatidine	192-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	332-337
27774124-2	2016	The binding studies revealed that the stereochemistry at the C3 position of the quinuclidine scaffold plays an important role in the nAChR subtype selectivity.	Quinuclidines	80-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
26790437-7	2016	Our study found that A7-nAChR knockdown (A7-nAChR-KD) AGS cells were more sensitive to ixabepilone administration than scrambled control AGS cells.	ixabepilone	87-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
26790437-8	2016	We found that A7-nAChR knockdown enhanced ixabepilone-induced cell death as evidenced by the increased number of annexin V-positive (apoptotic) cells.	ixabepilone	42-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
26790437-9	2016	After scrambled control and A7-nAChR-KD cells were treated with ixabepilone, we found that pAKT and AKT levels were significantly reduced in both groups of cells.	ixabepilone	64-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
26790437-11	2016	Bad and Bax levels did not change between the treatment group and vehicle group in both A7-nAChR-KD and scrambled control cells, whereas cleaved PARP levels dramatically increased in ixabepilone-treated A7-nAChR-KD cells.	ixabepilone	183-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
26790437-11	2016	Bad and Bax levels did not change between the treatment group and vehicle group in both A7-nAChR-KD and scrambled control cells, whereas cleaved PARP levels dramatically increased in ixabepilone-treated A7-nAChR-KD cells.	ixabepilone	183-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
26790437-12	2016	Our results demonstrated that knockdown of A7-nAChR enhanced the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to ixabepilone administration.	ixabepilone	104-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
26790437-13	2016	Thus, the A7-nAChR expression level in patients with gastric cancer may be a good indicator of ixabepilone sensitivity.	ixabepilone	95-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
27035276-2	2016	We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists.	3-[(1-methyl-2(s)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine	80-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-230
27349288-5	2016	In this study, we demonstrate that phosphocholine inhibits ion-channel function of ATP receptor P2X7 in monocytic cells via nAChR containing alpha9 and alpha10 subunits.	Phosphorylcholine	35-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
27349288-8	2016	We conclude that phophocholine activates immuno-modulatory nAChR expressed by monocytes but does not stimulate canonical ionotropic receptor functions.	phophocholine	17-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
27035276-2	2016	We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists.	3-[(1-methyl-2(s)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine	80-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	232-237
27035276-0	2016	Synthesis and Behavioral Studies of Chiral Cyclopropanes as Selective alpha4beta2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonists Exhibiting an Antidepressant Profile.	Cyclopropanes	43-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-114
27035276-2	2016	We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists.	4a-f	143-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-230
27035276-2	2016	We report the synthesis and biological characterization of novel derivatives of 3-[(1-methyl-2(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy]-5-cyclopropylpyridine (4a-f and 5) as potent and highly selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) full or partial agonists.	4a-f	143-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	232-237
26061781-7	2016	Rather, we found that nAChR activation tonically enhanced evoked and spontaneous presynaptic release of GABA in the embryonic spinal cord.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	104-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
27304486-10	2016	E. coli expressed AChBP bound nAChR agonists and antagonists with affinities matching those previously reported.	achbp	18-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
27059649-9	2016	We propose that nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation induces an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca(2+) ) concentration.	Calcium	97-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-48
26952864-1	2016	Using Icelandic whole-genome sequence data and an imputation approach we searched for rare sequence variants in CHRNA4 and tested them for association with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-118
26952864-2	2016	We show that carriers of a rare missense variant (allele frequency=0.24%) within CHRNA4, encoding an R336C substitution, have greater risk of nicotine addiction than non-carriers as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (P=1.2 x 10(-4)).	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
26952864-2	2016	We show that carriers of a rare missense variant (allele frequency=0.24%) within CHRNA4, encoding an R336C substitution, have greater risk of nicotine addiction than non-carriers as assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (P=1.2 x 10(-4)).	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-87
27028298-0	2016	Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Modulators Reduce Sugar Intake.	Sugars	60-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-41
27028298-3	2016	We report that varenicline, an FDA-approved nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that modulates dopamine in the mesolimbic reward pathway of the brain, significantly reduces sucrose consumption, especially in a long-term consumption paradigm.	Varenicline	15-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-76
27028298-3	2016	We report that varenicline, an FDA-approved nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that modulates dopamine in the mesolimbic reward pathway of the brain, significantly reduces sucrose consumption, especially in a long-term consumption paradigm.	Varenicline	15-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
27028298-3	2016	We report that varenicline, an FDA-approved nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that modulates dopamine in the mesolimbic reward pathway of the brain, significantly reduces sucrose consumption, especially in a long-term consumption paradigm.	Dopamine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
27028298-3	2016	We report that varenicline, an FDA-approved nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that modulates dopamine in the mesolimbic reward pathway of the brain, significantly reduces sucrose consumption, especially in a long-term consumption paradigm.	Sucrose	194-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-76
27028298-3	2016	We report that varenicline, an FDA-approved nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist that modulates dopamine in the mesolimbic reward pathway of the brain, significantly reduces sucrose consumption, especially in a long-term consumption paradigm.	Sucrose	194-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
27028298-4	2016	Similar results were observed with other nAChR drugs, namely mecamylamine and cytisine.	Mecamylamine	61-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
27028298-4	2016	Similar results were observed with other nAChR drugs, namely mecamylamine and cytisine.	cytisine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
27028298-6	2016	Taken together, our results suggest that nAChR drugs such as varenicline may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing sugar consumption.	Varenicline	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
27028298-6	2016	Taken together, our results suggest that nAChR drugs such as varenicline may represent a novel treatment strategy for reducing sugar consumption.	Sugars	127-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
26994846-0	2016	Synthesis and biological activities of indolizine derivatives as alpha-7 nAChR agonists.	indolizine	39-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
26994846-2	2016	Herein, we report the synthesis and agonistic activities of a series of indolizine derivatives targeting to alpha7 nAChR.	indolizine	72-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
26418512-4	2016	Augmented IL-8 secretion by Ca9-22 cells was blocked by the NF-kappaB inhibitor L-1-4"-tosylamino-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-specific inhibitor alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBtx).	Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone	131-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-177
26418512-4	2016	Augmented IL-8 secretion by Ca9-22 cells was blocked by the NF-kappaB inhibitor L-1-4"-tosylamino-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-specific inhibitor alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBtx).	Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone	131-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
26418512-10	2016	The results from this study indicate that the binding of nicotine to nAChR induces Ca(2+) influx, which results in the activation and phosphorylation of CaMK II and NF-kappaB p65, respectively.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
26764897-4	2016	Using a combination of conventional mutagenesis, unnatural amino acid incorporation, immunohistochemistry and MD simulations, we demonstrate the crucial contributions of these two Trp residues to receptor expression and function in two prototypical Cys-loop receptors, the anion-selective GlyR alpha1 and the cation-selective nAChR alpha7.	Tryptophan	180-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
26764897-4	2016	Using a combination of conventional mutagenesis, unnatural amino acid incorporation, immunohistochemistry and MD simulations, we demonstrate the crucial contributions of these two Trp residues to receptor expression and function in two prototypical Cys-loop receptors, the anion-selective GlyR alpha1 and the cation-selective nAChR alpha7.	Cysteine	249-252	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
26861354-4	2016	The objective was to evaluate whether propofol or AZD3043 interact with the alpha1beta1deltaepsilon, alpha3beta2, or alpha7 nAChR subtypes that can be found in the neuromuscular junction and if there are any differences in affinity for those subtypes between propofol and AZD3043.	Propofol	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
26803692-0	2016	nAChR dysfunction as a common substrate for schizophrenia and comorbid nicotine addiction: Current trends and perspectives.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
26774337-9	2016	These nicotine effects were blocked by treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
26774337-9	2016	These nicotine effects were blocked by treatment with mecamylamine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	Mecamylamine	54-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
26774337-10	2016	These data suggest that nicotine degrades mitofusin in NT2/D1 cells and thus induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell growth inhibition in a nAChR-dependent manner.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
26925840-0	2016	From crystal structure of alpha-conotoxin GIC in complex with Ac-AChBP to molecular determinants of its high selectivity for alpha3beta2 nAChR.	ac-achbp	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
26861354-4	2016	The objective was to evaluate whether propofol or AZD3043 interact with the alpha1beta1deltaepsilon, alpha3beta2, or alpha7 nAChR subtypes that can be found in the neuromuscular junction and if there are any differences in affinity for those subtypes between propofol and AZD3043.	AZD-3043	50-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
26861354-7	2016	AZD3043 was a more potent inhibitor at the adult muscle nAChR subtype compared to propofol.	AZD-3043	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
26861354-8	2016	Propofol and AZD3043 inhibit nAChR subtypes that can be found in the adult NMJ in concentrations higher than needed for general anaesthesia.	Propofol	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
26861354-8	2016	Propofol and AZD3043 inhibit nAChR subtypes that can be found in the adult NMJ in concentrations higher than needed for general anaesthesia.	AZD-3043	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	77-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-146
26608528-2	2016	Delineation of nAChR subtypes and their responses to nicotine stimulation in bronchial epithelium may provide information for therapeutic targeting in smoking-related inflammation in the airway.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
26608528-4	2016	Seven human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) were exposed to nicotine in vitro for their response in nAChR subunit gene expression to nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
26608528-4	2016	Seven human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBECs) were exposed to nicotine in vitro for their response in nAChR subunit gene expression to nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
26608528-6	2016	Nicotine stimulation in HBECs resulted in transient increase in the levels of nAChR alpha5 and alpha6 but more sustained increase in nAChR alpha7 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
26608528-6	2016	Nicotine stimulation in HBECs resulted in transient increase in the levels of nAChR alpha5 and alpha6 but more sustained increase in nAChR alpha7 expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
26608528-8	2016	Nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in both short and longer term responses in nAChR subunit gene expression.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
26707847-7	2016	Two-electrode voltage clamping of the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes revealed that it was possible to tune the behavior of compounds to show enhanced desensitization without corresponding partial agonist activity such that trifluoromethyl and carboxamide aryl substituents showed 33 to 46-fold larger PAM-dependent net-charge responses, indicating selective partitioning of the ligand receptor complexes into the desensitized state.	carboxamide	260-271	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	77-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	105-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-146
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	105-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Atracurium	186-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-146
26575950-7	2016	A second NNMB, Vecuronium, also induced GSC astrocytic differentiation while Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, significantly blocked Atracurium Besylate pro-differentiation activity.	Atracurium	186-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
26818858-4	2016	SEN12333 represents a novel chemotype for the development of alpha7 nAChR agonists, and exploration of this scaffold has produced structurally diverse ligands with promising pharmacological properties.	5-morpholin-4-ylpentanoic acid (4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)amide	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
26818867-2	2016	The modulatory activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is mediated by activating a variety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR).	Acetylcholine	48-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-140
26818867-2	2016	The modulatory activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is mediated by activating a variety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR).	Acetylcholine	48-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
26818867-2	2016	The modulatory activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is mediated by activating a variety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR).	Acetylcholine	63-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-140
26818867-2	2016	The modulatory activity of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is mediated by activating a variety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR).	Acetylcholine	63-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
26845123-5	2016	Most of these effects are a result of nicotine binding and activation of cell-surface neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and downstream intracellular signalling cascades, and many are blocked by nAChR subtype-selective antagonists.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
26845123-6	2016	Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms of nAChR subunits that influence nicotine dependence and lung cancer.	Nicotine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
26810002-7	2016	Here, we review recent insights into the rewarding effects of alcohol, as they pertain to different nAChR subtypes, associated signaling molecules, and pathways that contribute to the molecular mechanisms of alcoholism and/or comorbid brain disorders.	Alcohols	62-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
26318101-2	2015	SNPs in the putative promoter region of CHRNB3, the gene that encodes the beta3 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), have been repeatedly associated with nicotine behaviors.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
26440997-0	2015	Postnatal nicotine effects on the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the developing piglet hippocampus and brainstem.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-81
26440997-3	2015	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-128
26440997-3	2015	Nicotine, the major neurotoxic component of cigarette smoke, induces its actions by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
26440997-8	2015	This is the first demonstration that non-classical nAChR subunits are affected by postnatal nicotine in the developing brain, and the implications are discussed.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Donepezil	85-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Donepezil	85-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Mecamylamine	192-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Mecamylamine	192-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Scopolamine	266-277	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
26315944-6	2015	We also found that the increase in the number of oligodendrocytes observed following donepezil treatment was significantly inhibited by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine, but not by the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist scopolamine.	Scopolamine	266-277	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
26429939-2	2015	nAChRs in the medial habenula (MHb) have recently been shown to play a role in nicotine dependence, but it is not clear which nAChR subtypes or MHb neuron types are most important.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
26429939-6	2015	The latter result was correlated with a differing ability of nicotine to induce nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
26429939-7	2015	Chronic nicotine caused functional upregulation of nAChRs selectively in MHbVI cells, but did not change nAChR function in MHbVL.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
26429939-11	2015	Together, these results suggest that acute and chronic nicotine differentially affect nAChR function and output of cells in MHb subregions.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
26438212-2	2015	The alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR subtypes are expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and play a critical role in various pathophysiological conditions ranging from nicotine addiction to the development and progression of lung cancer.	Nicotine	186-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
26432642-3	2015	This compound increases acetylcholine-evoked responses of alpha2* and alpha4* nAChRs but is without effect on alpha3* or alpha6* nAChRs (* indicates the presence of other nAChR subunits).	Acetylcholine	24-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
26432642-6	2015	Like 17beta-estradiol, the non-steroid Br-PBTC only requires one alpha4 subunit to potentiate nAChR function, and its potentiation is stronger with more alpha4 subunits.	Steroids	31-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
26432642-6	2015	Like 17beta-estradiol, the non-steroid Br-PBTC only requires one alpha4 subunit to potentiate nAChR function, and its potentiation is stronger with more alpha4 subunits.	Br-PBTC	39-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
26473809-5	2015	Based on in vitro binding affinity and selectivity, assessed by radioligand displacement studies at different rat and human nAChR subtypes and at the structurally related human 5-HT3 receptor, we selected the compound 7-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-2-fluorodibenzo-[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (10a) for radiolabeling and further evaluation in vivo.	DBT-10	218-298	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
26272810-7	2015	RESULTS: Thalamic nAChR alpha4beta2* availability was significantly reduced in slow nicotine metabolizers (P = 0.04).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
26272810-9	2015	CONCLUSION: The rate of nicotine metabolism is associated with thalamic nAChR availability.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
26272810-10	2015	Additional studies could examine whether altered nAChR availability underlies the differences in treatment response between slow and normal metabolizers of nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
26354438-5	2015	Our findings support the hypothesis that a cholesterol-sensitive nAChR might reside in specialized membrane microdomains that upon cholesterol depletion become disrupted and release the cholesterol-sensitive nAChRs to the pool of activable receptors.	Cholesterol	43-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
26354438-5	2015	Our findings support the hypothesis that a cholesterol-sensitive nAChR might reside in specialized membrane microdomains that upon cholesterol depletion become disrupted and release the cholesterol-sensitive nAChRs to the pool of activable receptors.	Cholesterol	131-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
26354438-5	2015	Our findings support the hypothesis that a cholesterol-sensitive nAChR might reside in specialized membrane microdomains that upon cholesterol depletion become disrupted and release the cholesterol-sensitive nAChRs to the pool of activable receptors.	Cholesterol	131-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
26354438-7	2015	The current work suggests that the interplay between cholesterol and CAV-1 provides the molecular basis for modulating the function and dynamics of the cholesterol-sensitive alphaC418W nAChR.	Cholesterol	53-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
26354438-7	2015	The current work suggests that the interplay between cholesterol and CAV-1 provides the molecular basis for modulating the function and dynamics of the cholesterol-sensitive alphaC418W nAChR.	Cholesterol	152-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
26231943-2	2015	Acetylcholine binds in the receptor extracellular domain at the interface between two subunits and research has identified a large number of nAChR-selective ligands, including agonists and competitive antagonists, that bind at the same site as acetylcholine (commonly referred to as the orthosteric binding site).	Acetylcholine	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
26231943-2	2015	Acetylcholine binds in the receptor extracellular domain at the interface between two subunits and research has identified a large number of nAChR-selective ligands, including agonists and competitive antagonists, that bind at the same site as acetylcholine (commonly referred to as the orthosteric binding site).	Acetylcholine	244-257	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
26231943-3	2015	In addition, more recent research has identified ligands that are able to modulate nAChR function by binding to sites that are distinct from the binding site for acetylcholine, including sites located in the transmembrane domain.	Acetylcholine	162-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
26283025-3	2015	In this study, using a two-electrode voltage-clamp and patch-clamp techniques and live cellular calcium imaging, we have investigated the effect of bisabolol on the function of human alpha7 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Xenopus oocytes, interneurons of rat hippocampal slices.	bisabolol	148-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
26355753-1	2015	The insertion and function of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Au(111)-supported thiolipid self-assembled monolayers have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemical techniques.	Gold	90-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
26355753-1	2015	The insertion and function of the muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Au(111)-supported thiolipid self-assembled monolayers have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and electrochemical techniques.	thiolipid	108-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
26355753-4	2015	Addition of the full agonist carbamoylcholine activated and opened the nAChR ion channel, as revealed by the increase in capacitance relative to that of the nAChR-thiolipid system under basal conditions.	Carbachol	29-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
26355753-4	2015	Addition of the full agonist carbamoylcholine activated and opened the nAChR ion channel, as revealed by the increase in capacitance relative to that of the nAChR-thiolipid system under basal conditions.	Carbachol	29-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
26354438-2	2015	The novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mutation alphaC418W, the first lipid-exposed mutation identified in a patient that causes slow channel congenital myasthenia syndrome was shown to be cholesterol-sensitive and to accumulate in microdomains rich in the membrane raft marker protein caveolin-1.	Cholesterol	201-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	10-42
26354438-2	2015	The novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mutation alphaC418W, the first lipid-exposed mutation identified in a patient that causes slow channel congenital myasthenia syndrome was shown to be cholesterol-sensitive and to accumulate in microdomains rich in the membrane raft marker protein caveolin-1.	Cholesterol	201-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
26473809-9	2015	Our initial evaluation revealed that the dibenzothiophene-based PET radioligand [18F]10a ([18F]DBT-10) has high potential to provide clinically relevant information about the expression and availability of alpha7 nAChR in the brain.	dibenzothiophene	41-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
26473809-9	2015	Our initial evaluation revealed that the dibenzothiophene-based PET radioligand [18F]10a ([18F]DBT-10) has high potential to provide clinically relevant information about the expression and availability of alpha7 nAChR in the brain.	di-n-butyltin	95-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
26269589-3	2015	The effect of cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, on nAChR trafficking and assembly has not been extensively investigated.	Cotinine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
26440539-0	2015	Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals common splice site acceptor variant in CHRNA4 associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-79
26440539-6	2015	Using criteria for smoking behavior that encompass more than the single "cigarettes per day" item, we identified a common CHRNA4 variant with important regulatory properties that contributes to nicotine dependence and smoking-related consequences.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-128
26269589-3	2015	The effect of cotinine, the primary metabolite of nicotine, on nAChR trafficking and assembly has not been extensively investigated.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
26265067-3	2015	Here, we present the first large-scale analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in pancreatic stellate cells following treatment with two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands: nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-188
26265067-3	2015	Here, we present the first large-scale analysis of the proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations in pancreatic stellate cells following treatment with two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands: nicotine and alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	206-214	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
26441658-9	2015	At higher concentrations of nicotine, NNK always inhibited the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
26441658-10	2015	In contrast, NNN was a pure inhibitor of this nAChR subtype, with IC50 of approximately 1 nM in the presence of 10 muM nicotine.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
25498233-1	2015	Recent human genetic studies have identified genetic variants in multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes that are associated with risk for nicotine dependence and other smoking-related measures.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-106
26205096-0	2015	alpha5-nAChR modulates nicotine-induced cell migration and invasion in A549 lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	7-12
26205096-4	2015	Recently studies have indicated that alpha5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
26205096-10	2015	Nicotine can induce activation of alpha5-nAChR in association with increased migration and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cell.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
26205096-11	2015	Treatment of cells with alpha5-nAChR specific siRNA blocks nicotine-stimulated activation of alpha5-nAChR and suppresses A549 cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
26205096-11	2015	Treatment of cells with alpha5-nAChR specific siRNA blocks nicotine-stimulated activation of alpha5-nAChR and suppresses A549 cell migration and invasion.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
26205096-13	2015	These findings suggest that nicotine-induced migration and invasion may occur in a mechanism through activation of alpha5-nAChR, which can contribute to metastasis or development of human lung cancer.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
26038197-7	2015	Using the nucleoside analogue EdU (5-ethynyl-2"-deoxyuridine) as a marker of cell proliferation, application of alpha7*nAChR modulators in spinal cord cultures or in vivo induced proliferation in the CC region, producing Sox-2 expressing ependymal cells.	Nucleosides	10-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-124
26038197-7	2015	Using the nucleoside analogue EdU (5-ethynyl-2"-deoxyuridine) as a marker of cell proliferation, application of alpha7*nAChR modulators in spinal cord cultures or in vivo induced proliferation in the CC region, producing Sox-2 expressing ependymal cells.	5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-124
26038197-7	2015	Using the nucleoside analogue EdU (5-ethynyl-2"-deoxyuridine) as a marker of cell proliferation, application of alpha7*nAChR modulators in spinal cord cultures or in vivo induced proliferation in the CC region, producing Sox-2 expressing ependymal cells.	5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine	35-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-124
26175091-4	2015	Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides.	Neonicotinoids	266-280	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
26175091-4	2015	Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides.	Nicotine	282-290	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
26175091-4	2015	Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides.	sulfoxaflor	292-303	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
26175091-4	2015	Starting from classical homology and docking approaches, binding mode hypotheses are created for five agonists of the nAChR, covering insecticides in the main group 4 of the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) mode of action (MoA) classification, namely, neonicotinoids, nicotine, sulfoxaflor, and butenolides.	butenolide	309-320	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
26037057-3	2015	Following on from promising preclinical results, the aim of the present study was to evaluate for the first time in humans the novel PET radioligand (-)-[(18)F]Flubatine, formerly known as (-)-[(18)F]NCFHEB, as a tool for alpha4beta2* nAChR imaging and in vivo quantification.	(-)-[(18)f]flubatine	149-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
25498233-1	2015	Recent human genetic studies have identified genetic variants in multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes that are associated with risk for nicotine dependence and other smoking-related measures.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
25529272-0	2015	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and its prokaryotic homologues: Structure, conformational transitions & allosteric modulation.	Adenosine Monophosphate	108-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
25963024-7	2015	Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the alpha7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important.	Tryptophan	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
25963024-7	2015	Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the alpha7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important.	Leucine	106-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
25963024-4	2015	In the context of this manuscript, our primary objective was to comprehensively analyze the recognition patterns and the critical interaction descriptors between target alpha7 nAChR and a series of the novel compounds with potentially antagonistic activity by means of virtual screening, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, and meanwhile these recognition reactions were also compared with the biointeraction of alpha7 nAChR with a commercially natural antagonist - methyllycaconitine.	methyllycaconitine	483-501	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-181
25963024-7	2015	Several amino acid residues, such as B/Tyr-93, B/Lys-143, B/Trp-147, B/Tyr-188, B/Tyr-195, A/Trp-55 and A/Leu-118 played a major role in the alpha7 nAChR-antagonist recognition processes, in particular, residues B/Tyr-93, B/Trp-147 and B/Tyr-188 are the most important.	Tryptophan	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
26225816-1	2015	Some unichiral analogues of 2R,2"S-2-(1"-methyl-2"-pyrrolidinyl)-7-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane, a potent and selective alpha4beta2-nAChR partial agonist, were designed by opening dioxane and replacing hydroxyl carbon with nitrogen.	2r,2"s-2-(1"-methyl-2"-pyrrolidinyl)-7-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane	28-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
26063663-3	2015	In order to further characterize the pharmacological profiles of these phycotoxins on various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and to examine whether they act on muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), functional electrophysiological studies and competition binding experiments have been performed.	phycotoxins	71-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
26063663-3	2015	In order to further characterize the pharmacological profiles of these phycotoxins on various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and to examine whether they act on muscarinic receptors (mAChRs), functional electrophysiological studies and competition binding experiments have been performed.	phycotoxins	71-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
26225816-1	2015	Some unichiral analogues of 2R,2"S-2-(1"-methyl-2"-pyrrolidinyl)-7-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane, a potent and selective alpha4beta2-nAChR partial agonist, were designed by opening dioxane and replacing hydroxyl carbon with nitrogen.	1,4-dioxane	84-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
26247203-3	2015	We found that antagonizing the alpha4beta2 nAChR locally in the lateral hypothalamus with di-hydro-ss-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4 nAChR antagonist with moderate affinity, caused an increase in food intake following free access to food after a 12 hour fast, compared to saline-infused animals.	di-hydro-ss-erythroidine	90-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
26138153-7	2015	Tribendimidine is a selective cholinergic nematode B-subtype nAChR agonist, producing muscle depolarization and contraction.	tribendimidine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
25990637-8	2015	Serine 365 in the M3-M4 cytoplasmic loop of the alpha7 nAChR is a phosphorylation site for protein kinase A (PKA).	Serine	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
26247203-3	2015	We found that antagonizing the alpha4beta2 nAChR locally in the lateral hypothalamus with di-hydro-ss-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4 nAChR antagonist with moderate affinity, caused an increase in food intake following free access to food after a 12 hour fast, compared to saline-infused animals.	di-hydro-ss-erythroidine	90-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
26247203-3	2015	We found that antagonizing the alpha4beta2 nAChR locally in the lateral hypothalamus with di-hydro-ss-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4 nAChR antagonist with moderate affinity, caused an increase in food intake following free access to food after a 12 hour fast, compared to saline-infused animals.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	116-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
26247203-3	2015	We found that antagonizing the alpha4beta2 nAChR locally in the lateral hypothalamus with di-hydro-ss-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4 nAChR antagonist with moderate affinity, caused an increase in food intake following free access to food after a 12 hour fast, compared to saline-infused animals.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	116-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
26247203-3	2015	We found that antagonizing the alpha4beta2 nAChR locally in the lateral hypothalamus with di-hydro-ss-erythroidine (DHbetaE), an alpha4 nAChR antagonist with moderate affinity, caused an increase in food intake following free access to food after a 12 hour fast, compared to saline-infused animals.	Sodium Chloride	275-281	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
26244344-4	2015	In the present work, using docking and molecular dynamics methodologies, we established the most probable binding sites of SB-206553, a drug originally described as a competitive antagonist of serotonin type 2B/2C metabotropic receptors (5-HT2B/2CRs) and more recently as a positive allosteric modulator of the ionotropic alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	SB 206553	123-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	363-368
26247203-4	2015	Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that orexin/hypocretin (HO), oxytocin, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons in the A13 and A12 of the hypothalamus expressed the nAChR alpha4 subunit in varying amounts (34%, 42%, 50%, and 51%, respectively) whereas melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons did not, suggesting that DHbetaE-mediated increases in food intake may be due to a direct activation of specific hypothalamic circuits.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	334-341	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
26244344-5	2015	To this end, we employed the crystal structures of the 5-HT2BR and acetylcholine binding protein as templates to build homology models of the 5-HT2CR and alpha7 nAChR, respectively.	Acetylcholine	67-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
25964258-2	2015	The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
26244344-7	2015	Our analysis showed that the most plausible binding sites for SB-206553 at 5-HT2Rs and alpha7 nAChR are remarkably similar, both in size and chemical nature of the amino acid residues lining these pockets, thus providing a rationale to explain its affinity towards both receptor types.	Antimony	62-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
26142318-3	2015	In this compound series, the nAChR ligand N,N-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethan-1-amine 9 served as one pharmacological entity and it was initially kept constant as one part of the "twin" compound.	n,n-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-3-yloxy)ethan-1-amine	42-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Acetylcysteine	0-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Hexamethonium	37-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Hexamethonium	37-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Reactive Oxygen Species	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Reactive Oxygen Species	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	nachrs	244-250	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	nachrs	244-250	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Reactive Oxygen Species	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
25503516-5	2015	N-acetyl-cysteine (ROS scavenger) or hexamethonium [nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist] attenuated the CSE-induced increase in intracellular ROS, activation of AMPK and NF-kappaB, as well as IL-8 induction, which suggests that nAChRs and ROS are important.	Reactive Oxygen Species	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25964258-2	2015	The nAChR subtype transduces the irritant effects of nicotine in tobacco smoke and, in certain brain areas, may be involved in nicotine addiction and/or withdrawal.	Nicotine	127-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
25964258-5	2015	Menthol markedly decreased nAChR activity as assessed by Ca(2+) imaging, (86)Rb(+) efflux, and voltage-clamp measurements.	Menthol	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
25964258-5	2015	Menthol markedly decreased nAChR activity as assessed by Ca(2+) imaging, (86)Rb(+) efflux, and voltage-clamp measurements.	Rubidium	77-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
25885699-5	2015	RESULTS: We demonstrated that the growth-promoting effect of nicotine mediated by activation of alpha7 cm-nAChR synergizes mainly with that of epidermal growth factor (EGF), alpha3 - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha4 - insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and VEGF, whereas alpha9 with EGF, IGF-I and VEGF.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
25647695-0	2015	Modulation of nicotine effects on selective attention by DRD2 and CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-72
25647695-4	2015	OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether CHRNA4 and DRD2 genotypes alter the effects of nicotine on distractor interference.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-49
26080439-6	2015	We also show that M2/M4 mAChRs depress the nAChR-dependent mechanism of DA release in the striatum.	Dopamine	72-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
26004441-5	2015	Uniquely, however, the bulky bridged EF-ketal ring specific to the pinnatoxins extends radially from the interfacial-binding pocket to interact with the sequence-variable loop F and govern nAChR subtype selectivity and central neurotoxicity.	pinnatoxins	67-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
26008231-4	2015	Among the low-molecular weight compounds are alkaloids pibocin, varacin and makaluvamines C and G. 6-Bromohypaphorine from the mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis does not bind to Torpedo nAChR but behaves as an agonist on human alpha7 nAChR.	L-6-bromohypaporphine	99-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
25670150-0	2015	Nicotine induces resistance to erlotinib via cross-talk between alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR in the non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25670150-0	2015	Nicotine induces resistance to erlotinib via cross-talk between alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR in the non-small cell lung cancer xenograft model.	Erlotinib Hydrochloride	31-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
25670150-1	2015	OBJECTIVES: Given our previously published study, alpha 1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an essential role in nicotine-induced cell signaling and nicotine-induced resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) PC9 cells.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
25670150-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
25670150-2	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism between nAChR and EGFR for nicotine-induced resistance to EGFR-TKI erlotinib in the NSCLC xenograft model.	Erlotinib Hydrochloride	132-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
25536046-6	2015	In addition, cell-attached, single-channel recording shows that both acetylcholine-activated alpha4beta2chi- and alpha4beta4chi-nAChR have a significantly lower mean open probability, shorter mean open-time, and a longer mean closed-time than their fully wild-type counterparts while not having different conductance amplitudes.	Acetylcholine	69-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
26096691-1	2015	Performance improvements in cognitive tasks requiring executive functions are evident with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, and activation of the underlying neural circuitry supporting these cognitive effects is thought to involve dopamine neurotransmission.	Dopamine	249-257	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
25870334-5	2015	Upon irradiation at 312 nm, [(3)H]dFBr photoincorporated into amino acids within the Torpedo nAChR ion channel with the efficiency of photoincorporation enhanced in the presence of agonist and the agonist-enhanced photolabeling inhibitable by phencyclidine.	[(3)h]dfbr	28-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
25870334-5	2015	Upon irradiation at 312 nm, [(3)H]dFBr photoincorporated into amino acids within the Torpedo nAChR ion channel with the efficiency of photoincorporation enhanced in the presence of agonist and the agonist-enhanced photolabeling inhibitable by phencyclidine.	Phencyclidine	243-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
25870334-6	2015	In the presence of agonist, [(3)H]dFBr also photolabeled amino acids in the nAChR extracellular domain within binding pockets identified previously for the nonselective nAChR PAMs galantamine and physostigmine at the canonical alpha-gamma interface containing the transmitter binding sites and at the noncanonical delta-beta subunit interface.	Galantamine	180-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
25870334-6	2015	In the presence of agonist, [(3)H]dFBr also photolabeled amino acids in the nAChR extracellular domain within binding pockets identified previously for the nonselective nAChR PAMs galantamine and physostigmine at the canonical alpha-gamma interface containing the transmitter binding sites and at the noncanonical delta-beta subunit interface.	Physostigmine	196-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
26273406-3	2015	In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which PGE2 increases non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation via alpha7 nAChR induction.	Dinoprostone	62-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
26273406-4	2015	METHODS: The effects of PGE2 on alpha7 nAChR expression, promoter activity, and cell signaling pathways were detected by Western blot analysis, real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and transient transfection assay.	Dinoprostone	24-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
26273406-6	2015	RESULTS: We found that PGE2 induced alpha7 nAChR expression and its promoter activity in NSCLC cells.	Dinoprostone	23-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
26273406-7	2015	The stimulatory role of PGE2 on cell proliferation was attenuated by alpha7 nAChR small interfering ribonucleic acids (siRNA) or acetylcholinesterase.	Dinoprostone	24-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
26273406-8	2015	PGE2-induced alpha7 nAChR expression was blocked by an antagonist of the PGE2 receptor subtype EP4 and by EP4 siRNA.	Dinoprostone	0-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
26273406-9	2015	Furthermore, PGE2 enhanced alpha7 nAChR expression via activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), and protein kinase A (PKA) pathways followed by increased c-Jun expression, a critical transcription factor.	Dinoprostone	13-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
26273406-10	2015	Blockade of c-Jun diminished the effects of PGE2 on alpha7 nAChR promoter activity and protein expression, and cell growth.	Dinoprostone	44-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
26273406-11	2015	CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that PGE2 promotes NSCLC cell growth through increased alpha7 nAChR expression.	Dinoprostone	41-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
26079805-6	2015	On behavioural level, the strongest benefits of nicotine in invalid trials were observed in participants carrying both, the DRD2 T- and CHRNA4 C+ variant.	Nicotine	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-142
26079805-7	2015	Neurally, we were able to demonstrate that different DRD2/CHRNA4 groups can be decoded from the pattern of brain activity in invalid trials under nicotine.	Nicotine	146-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-64
26079805-9	2015	Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the CHRNA4 and DRD2 genes are a relevant source of individual variability in pharmacological studies with nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-53
25934188-5	2015	RESULTS: Using voltage clamp experiments we were able to show that the CHRNA4 haplotype alleles differ with respect to their functional effects on receptor sensitivity including reversal of receptor sensitivity between low and high acetylcholine concentrations.	Acetylcholine	232-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-77
25699474-2	2015	Given that ACh levels are affected in pre-eclampsia, it has been suggested that compensatory changes in nAChR expression may ensue.	Acetylcholine	11-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
25699474-8	2015	Given the absence of cigarette smoking, the changes in expression are hypothesised to be due to the hypoxic environment resulting from the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, which subsequently affects endogenous ACh levels, yielding compensatory increases in alpha2, alpha7, alpha9, beta1, beta2, and delta nAChR subunits.	Acetylcholine	211-214	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	306-311
25388292-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Although replicating nicotine-induced upregulation of nAChRs in human smokers and demonstrating NVHL validity in terms of schizophrenia-associated nAChR density patterns, these findings do not support hypotheses explaining increased nicotine use in schizophrenia as reflecting illness-specific effects of nicotine to therapeutically alter cognition or nAChR densities.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
25770198-4	2015	Upon finding a missense mutation in CHRNA2, we measured whole-cell currents in human embryonic kidney cells in both wild-type and mutant alpha2beta4 and alpha2beta2 nAChR subtypes stimulated with nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
25670150-8	2015	injection of nicotine through activating alpha 1 nAChR and EGFR pathways.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
25670150-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine contributes to the progression and erlotinib-resistance of the NSCLC xenograft model via the cooperation between nAChR and EGFR.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
25670150-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that nicotine contributes to the progression and erlotinib-resistance of the NSCLC xenograft model via the cooperation between nAChR and EGFR.	Erlotinib Hydrochloride	84-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
25716861-4	2015	We sought to identify the nAChR subunits that underlie the rapid excitation of CD afferents and whether they differ from alpha9alpha10 nAChRs on type II hair cells that drive efferent-mediated inhibition in adjacent bouton afferents.	Cadmium	79-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
25775422-2	2015	For the nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis no endogenous compounds were known, and here we describe the isolation of 6-BHP from this mollusk and its effects on different nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	L-6-bromohypaporphine	126-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
25775422-4	2015	However, in radioligand analysis, 6-BHP competed with radioiodinated alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to human alpha7 nAChR expressed in GH4C1 cells (IC50 23 +- 1 muM), but showed no competition on muscle-type nAChR from Torpedo californica.	L-6-bromohypaporphine	34-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
25775422-5	2015	In Ca2+-imaging experiments on the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in the Neuro2a cells, 6-BHP in the presence of PNU120596 behaved as an agonist (EC50 ~80 muM).	L-6-bromohypaporphine	86-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25775422-6	2015	To the best of our knowledge, 6-BHP is the first low-molecular weight compound from marine source which is an agonist of the nAChR subtype.	L-6-bromohypaporphine	30-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
25601486-11	2015	In contrast, alpha7 nAChR was a repressor of proliferation in tumour cells isolated from well differentiated NSCLC but mediated the pro-proliferative activity of nicotine in cells isolated from poorly differentiated NSCLC.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
25180076-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies linking the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits to nicotine dependence suggest that alpha3beta4* nAChR may be targets for smoking cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
25180076-1	2015	INTRODUCTION: Genome-wide association studies linking the alpha3, beta4, and alpha5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits to nicotine dependence suggest that alpha3beta4* nAChR may be targets for smoking cessation pharmacotherapies.	Nicotine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
25180076-2	2015	We previously reported that AT-1001, a selective alpha3beta4* nAChR ligand binds with high affinity to rat alpha3beta4 and human alpha3beta4alpha5 nAChR, antagonizes epibatidine-induced activation of rat alpha3beta4 nAChR in HEK cells and potently inhibits nicotine self-administration in rats.	larazotide acetate	28-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
25180076-2	2015	We previously reported that AT-1001, a selective alpha3beta4* nAChR ligand binds with high affinity to rat alpha3beta4 and human alpha3beta4alpha5 nAChR, antagonizes epibatidine-induced activation of rat alpha3beta4 nAChR in HEK cells and potently inhibits nicotine self-administration in rats.	epibatidine	166-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
25180076-4	2015	RESULTS: Concentration-response curves show that AT-1001 is a partial agonist at human alpha3beta4 nAChR, evoking up to 35% of the maximal acetylcholine (ACh) response (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.37 muM).	Astatine	49-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
25180076-6	2015	Pre- and co-application of various concentrations of AT-1001 with 50 muM ACh revealed a complex pattern of activation-inhibition by AT-1001 at alpha3beta4 nAChR, which was best fitted by a 2-site equation.	Astatine	53-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
25180076-6	2015	Pre- and co-application of various concentrations of AT-1001 with 50 muM ACh revealed a complex pattern of activation-inhibition by AT-1001 at alpha3beta4 nAChR, which was best fitted by a 2-site equation.	Acetylcholine	73-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
25180076-6	2015	Pre- and co-application of various concentrations of AT-1001 with 50 muM ACh revealed a complex pattern of activation-inhibition by AT-1001 at alpha3beta4 nAChR, which was best fitted by a 2-site equation.	Astatine	132-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
25180076-7	2015	At alpha4beta2 nAChR, co-exposure of AT-1001 with ACh only showed inhibition of ACh current with a shallower curve.	Acetylcholine	50-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
25180076-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: AT-1001 is a partial agonist at the human alpha3beta4 nAChR and causes desensitization at concentrations at which it evokes an inward current, resulting in an overall functional antagonism of alpha3beta4 nAChR.	Astatine	13-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
25180076-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: AT-1001 is a partial agonist at the human alpha3beta4 nAChR and causes desensitization at concentrations at which it evokes an inward current, resulting in an overall functional antagonism of alpha3beta4 nAChR.	Astatine	13-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	217-222
25774163-0	2015	CHRNA4 rs1044396 is associated with smoking cessation in varenicline therapy.	Varenicline	57-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
25774163-10	2015	CONCLUSION: The CHRNA4 rs1044396 is associated with smoking cessation in individuals on varenicline therapy.	Varenicline	88-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-22
25716861-6	2015	The alpha9alpha10 nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin and alpha-conotoxin RgIA, blocked efferent-mediated inhibition in bouton afferents while leaving efferent-mediated excitation in CD units largely intact.	Cadmium	185-187	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Acetylcholine	21-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-155
25618596-1	2015	In the present study, nitromethylene neonicotinoid derivatives possessing substituents that contain a sulfur atom, oxygen atom or aromatic ring at position 5 on the imidazolidine ring were synthesized to evaluate their affinity for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and their insecticidal activity against adult female houseflies.	nitromethylene neonicotinoid	22-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	236-268
25618596-1	2015	In the present study, nitromethylene neonicotinoid derivatives possessing substituents that contain a sulfur atom, oxygen atom or aromatic ring at position 5 on the imidazolidine ring were synthesized to evaluate their affinity for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and their insecticidal activity against adult female houseflies.	nitromethylene neonicotinoid	22-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	270-275
25618596-1	2015	In the present study, nitromethylene neonicotinoid derivatives possessing substituents that contain a sulfur atom, oxygen atom or aromatic ring at position 5 on the imidazolidine ring were synthesized to evaluate their affinity for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and their insecticidal activity against adult female houseflies.	Imidazolidines	165-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	236-268
25475645-5	2015	The allosteric sites found at the extracellular domain (EXD) of halpha3beta4 and halpha4beta2 nAChRs could explain the partial agonistic activity of varenicline on these nAChR subtypes.	Varenicline	149-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
25475645-6	2015	Molecular dynamics simulations show that the interaction of varenicline to each allosteric site decreases the capping of Loop C at the halpha4beta2 nAChR, suggesting that these allosteric interactions limit the initial step in the gating process.	Varenicline	60-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Acetylcholine	21-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Acetylcholine	36-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-155
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Acetylcholine	36-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Cysteine	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-155
25639674-1	2015	The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels.	Cysteine	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Alcohols	126-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Phosphatidylcholines	81-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Phosphatidylcholines	81-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Phosphatidylcholines	102-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Phosphatidylcholines	102-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Cholesterol	124-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
25519904-1	2015	Although the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids adopts a conformation where agonist binding is uncoupled from channel gating, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined.	Cholesterol	124-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Alcohols	126-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
25642160-6	2014	Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
25642160-7	2014	The important ligands include cytisine, lobeline, mecamylamine, varenicline, sazetidine A and others that target alpha4beta2(*) nAChR subtypes as small molecule modulators of the brain nicotinic cholinergic system are also discussed.	cytisine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
25642160-8	2014	Taken together, both preclinical and clinical data exist that support nAChR-based ligands as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence.	Alcohols	143-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
25451094-0	2014	Contribution of alpha4beta2 nAChR in nicotine-induced intracellular calcium response and excitability of MSDB neurons.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
25492812-3	2015	GABA differentially activates nAChR subtypes.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	0-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
25492812-8	2015	Interestingly, single-channel activity elicited by GABA is similar to that elicited by ACh in gain-of-function nAChR mutants associated to congenital myasthenic syndromes, which could be important in the progression of the disorders due to steady exposure to serum GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	51-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
25492812-8	2015	Interestingly, single-channel activity elicited by GABA is similar to that elicited by ACh in gain-of-function nAChR mutants associated to congenital myasthenic syndromes, which could be important in the progression of the disorders due to steady exposure to serum GABA.	Acetylcholine	87-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
25492812-8	2015	Interestingly, single-channel activity elicited by GABA is similar to that elicited by ACh in gain-of-function nAChR mutants associated to congenital myasthenic syndromes, which could be important in the progression of the disorders due to steady exposure to serum GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	265-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
25464883-3	2014	Homology modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics of ligand-receptor complexes in POPC membrane are used to find the mode of interactions of N-alkylated dextromethorphan derivatives with alpha3beta4 nAChR.	n-alkylated dextromethorphan	151-179	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
25464883-4	2014	The compounds, similarly as dextromethorphan, interact with the middle portion of alpha3beta4 nAChR ion channel.	Dextromethorphan	28-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
25921743-5	2015	In this review, the pharmacological efficacy of nAChR ligands, such as mecamylamine, lobeline, cytisine, sazetidine-A, and others will be discussed.	Mecamylamine	71-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25921743-5	2015	In this review, the pharmacological efficacy of nAChR ligands, such as mecamylamine, lobeline, cytisine, sazetidine-A, and others will be discussed.	Lobeline	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25921743-5	2015	In this review, the pharmacological efficacy of nAChR ligands, such as mecamylamine, lobeline, cytisine, sazetidine-A, and others will be discussed.	cytisine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25921743-5	2015	In this review, the pharmacological efficacy of nAChR ligands, such as mecamylamine, lobeline, cytisine, sazetidine-A, and others will be discussed.	sazetidine-A	105-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25921743-6	2015	Overall, findings from preclinical and clinical studies included here suggest that the nAChR ligands may be of potential benefit in reducing MDD symptoms and that may aid in the prevention and treatment of MDD and co-morbid alcohol or nicotine use disorder.	Alcohols	224-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
25921743-6	2015	Overall, findings from preclinical and clinical studies included here suggest that the nAChR ligands may be of potential benefit in reducing MDD symptoms and that may aid in the prevention and treatment of MDD and co-morbid alcohol or nicotine use disorder.	Nicotine	235-243	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
25655889-3	2015	Attention-enhancing effects of the nonselective nAChR agonist nicotine can be observed in human nonsmokers and in laboratory animals, suggesting that benefits go beyond a reversal of withdrawal deficits in smokers.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
25655889-8	2015	Thus, attention-enhancing nAChR agents could spare the system central to nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
25451094-2	2014	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs, are expressed in MSDB neurons and permeable to calcium ions, which may modulate the function of MSDB neurons.	Calcium	129-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
25451094-2	2014	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits, alpha4beta2 and alpha7 nAChRs, are expressed in MSDB neurons and permeable to calcium ions, which may modulate the function of MSDB neurons.	Calcium	129-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
25451094-3	2014	The aims of this study are to determine the roles of selective nAChR activation on the calcium responses and membrane currents in MSDB neurons.	Calcium	87-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
25451094-4	2014	Our results showed that nicotine increased calcium responses in the majority of MSDB neurons, pre-treatment of MSDB slices with a alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist, DhbetaE but not a alpha7 nAChR antagonist, MLA prevented nicotine-induced calcium responses.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
25451094-6	2014	Surprisingly, post-treatment of alpha4beta2 or alpha7 nAChR antagonists failed to block nicotine s role, they increased calcium responses instead.	Calcium	120-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
25451094-8	2014	These results suggest that there was a subtype specific modulation of nAChRs on calcium signaling and membrane currents in MSDB neurons and nAChR antagonists were also able to induce calcium responses involving a distinct mechanism.	Calcium	80-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
25451094-8	2014	These results suggest that there was a subtype specific modulation of nAChRs on calcium signaling and membrane currents in MSDB neurons and nAChR antagonists were also able to induce calcium responses involving a distinct mechanism.	Calcium	183-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
25581658-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) dependence.	Varenicline	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-67
25581658-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) dependence.	Varenicline	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
25344397-2	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure alters the expression of various nAChR subtypes, which likely contributes to nicotine dependence; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes remain unclear.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
25581658-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) dependence.	Alcohols	130-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
25581658-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) dependence.	Ethanol	139-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
25581658-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is a promising new drug for the treatment of alcohol (ethanol [EtOH]) dependence.	Ethanol	148-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
25581658-5	2014	In addition, effects of varenicline on acute stimulation and/or on the acquisition of sensitization would suggest a role for nAChR involvement in these effects of EtOH.	Ethanol	163-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
25387119-1	2014	The alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha4beta2*-nAChR) are highly abundant in the human brain.	Acetylcholine	27-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
25387119-5	2014	Furthermore, recent developments of novel alpha4beta2*-nAChR-specific PET radioligands, such as (-)[18F]Flubatine or [18F]AZAN are summarized.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	104-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
25387119-5	2014	Furthermore, recent developments of novel alpha4beta2*-nAChR-specific PET radioligands, such as (-)[18F]Flubatine or [18F]AZAN are summarized.	Azaguanine	122-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
25315828-2	2014	Choline is a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist and the aim of this study was to determine whether cytidine 5"-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline), or citicoline, a dietary source of choline, increases sensory gating and cognition in healthy volunteers stratified for gating level.	Choline	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
25344397-2	2014	Chronic nicotine exposure alters the expression of various nAChR subtypes, which likely contributes to nicotine dependence; however, the underlying mechanisms regulating these changes remain unclear.	Nicotine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
25344397-11	2014	Our results provide evidence for a novel mode of nicotine-mediated regulation of the mammalian nAChR gene family.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
24836728-4	2014	The general nAChR agonist nicotine, as well as several nAChR agonists (varenicline, ABT-089 and ABT-894), reduces l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias up to 60% in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and rodents.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
25450372-4	2014	The changes in the inhibitory activities of its Ala mutants, the NMR structure, and molecular simulation results based on other conotoxins targeting nAChR alpha4beta2, all demonstrated that the residues Ile(6) and Leu(14) were the main hydrophobic pharmacophores.	Isoleucine	203-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
25450372-4	2014	The changes in the inhibitory activities of its Ala mutants, the NMR structure, and molecular simulation results based on other conotoxins targeting nAChR alpha4beta2, all demonstrated that the residues Ile(6) and Leu(14) were the main hydrophobic pharmacophores.	Leucine	214-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
25282151-1	2014	We determined the X-ray crystal structures of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the monomeric state of human neuronal alpha9 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and of its complexes with the antagonists methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin at resolutions of 1.8 A, 1.7 A and 2.7 A, respectively.	methyllycaconitine	208-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
25122874-15	2014	Similar to muscle injury, CSDS-treated fibroblasts disrupted nAChR clusters and hypersensitized myotube contraction, while ALDS-treated fibroblasts aggregated nAChRs in large clusters, which may have important clinical implications.	csds	26-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
24950454-1	2014	There occur two rare variations, Asp(D)478Asn(N) and Asp(D)478Glu(E), in the putative cytoplasmic amphipathic alpha-helices of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit as a result of mutation in the 1st (G   A: rs141072985) and 3rd (C   A: rs56344740) nucleotide of its 478th triplet codon (GAC).	Aspartic Acid	33-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-165
24950454-1	2014	There occur two rare variations, Asp(D)478Asn(N) and Asp(D)478Glu(E), in the putative cytoplasmic amphipathic alpha-helices of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit as a result of mutation in the 1st (G   A: rs141072985) and 3rd (C   A: rs56344740) nucleotide of its 478th triplet codon (GAC).	Aspartic Acid	33-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Acetylcholine	64-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Acetylcholine	64-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
24950454-4	2014	Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate that the agonist (ACh or nicotine) induced peak current responses (Imax) of alpha2beta2-nAChR isoforms and those of alpha2beta4-nAChR isoforms are increased (1.3-4.7-fold) as a result of D478E variation.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
25360085-9	2014	This might be a general feature in different brain areas since a similar nAChR-mediated bolstering of NMDA-induced ([(3)H]D-Asp) overflow was also observed in hippocampal synaptosomes.	N-Methylaspartate	102-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
25360085-9	2014	This might be a general feature in different brain areas since a similar nAChR-mediated bolstering of NMDA-induced ([(3)H]D-Asp) overflow was also observed in hippocampal synaptosomes.	Aspartic Acid	124-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
24836728-4	2014	The general nAChR agonist nicotine, as well as several nAChR agonists (varenicline, ABT-089 and ABT-894), reduces l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias up to 60% in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and rodents.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	84-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
24836728-4	2014	The general nAChR agonist nicotine, as well as several nAChR agonists (varenicline, ABT-089 and ABT-894), reduces l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias up to 60% in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and rodents.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	96-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
24836728-4	2014	The general nAChR agonist nicotine, as well as several nAChR agonists (varenicline, ABT-089 and ABT-894), reduces l-dopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinesias up to 60% in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and rodents.	Levodopa	114-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
24836728-8	2014	Preclinical and clinical studies also show that the nAChR agonist varenicline improves balance and coordination in various ataxias.	Varenicline	66-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
24836728-10	2014	Several nAChR subtypes appear to be involved in these beneficial effects of nicotine and nAChR drugs including alpha4beta2*, alpha6beta2* and alpha7 nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other subunits in the receptor).	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
24836728-11	2014	Overall, the above findings, coupled with nicotine"s neuroprotective effects, suggest that nAChR drugs have potential for future drug development for movement disorders.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
25237305-2	2014	Since cocaine is a weak nAChR inhibitor, we hypothesized that cocaine may alter DA release by inhibiting the nAChRs in DA terminals in the striatum and thus contribute to cocaine"s reinforcing properties primarily associated with the inhibition of DA transporters.	Cocaine	6-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
25237305-2	2014	Since cocaine is a weak nAChR inhibitor, we hypothesized that cocaine may alter DA release by inhibiting the nAChRs in DA terminals in the striatum and thus contribute to cocaine"s reinforcing properties primarily associated with the inhibition of DA transporters.	Cocaine	62-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
25237305-3	2014	We found that biologically relevant concentrations of cocaine can mildly inhibit nAChR-mediated currents in midbrain DA neurons and consequently alter DA release in the dorsal and ventral striatum.	Cocaine	54-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
24762290-7	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These significant correlations between the results of the CERAD subtests and the cerebral alpha4beta2 nAchR density, as assessed by 5-I-A-85380 SPECT, indicate that cerebral cholinergic pathways are relevant to cognitive processing in IPD.	5-i-a	145-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
24966348-10	2014	Experiments with the nAChR channel blocker mecamylamine on P2X2-alpha6beta4 oocytes point to the loss of P2X2 channel activity during the crosstalk, whereas the ion channel pores of the P2X receptors were fully functional and unaltered by the receptor interaction for P2X2-alpha6beta4beta3, P2X2/3-alpha6beta4, and P2X2/3-alpha6beta4beta3.	Mecamylamine	43-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
24990939-1	2014	The minimum pharmacophore for activation of the human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the tetramethylammonium cation.	tetramethylammonium	109-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
24990939-4	2014	We synthesized several panels of quaternary ammonium nAChR ligands that systematically varied the size of the substituents bonded to the central positively charged nitrogen atom.	Nitrogen	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24793809-2	2014	Previous studies have indicated that alpha5-nAChR is highly associated with lung cancer risk and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
24965900-0	2014	Sofinicline: a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.	3-(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diazabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
24965900-3	2014	AREAS COVERED: This article reviews Phase I and Phase II trials of sofinicline (ABT-894), an agonist of the nAChR alpha4beta2 subtype, as a potential non-stimulant treatment for ADHD.	3-(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)-3,6-diazabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane	67-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
24965900-3	2014	AREAS COVERED: This article reviews Phase I and Phase II trials of sofinicline (ABT-894), an agonist of the nAChR alpha4beta2 subtype, as a potential non-stimulant treatment for ADHD.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	80-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
24177919-0	2014	A mutation in the extracellular domain of the alpha7 nAChR reduces calcium permeability.	Calcium	67-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24177919-1	2014	The alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) displays the highest calcium permeability among the different subtypes of nAChRs expressed in the mammalian brain and can impact cellular events including neurotransmitter release, second messenger cascades, cell survival, and apoptosis.	Calcium	82-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
24177919-5	2014	In the alpha7 nAChR, it has been found that the ECD contains a ring of ten aspartates (two per subunit) that is believed to face the lumen of the pore and could attract cations for permeation.	Aspartic Acid	75-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
24177919-6	2014	Using mutagenesis and a combination of electrophysiology and imaging techniques, we tested the possible involvement of these aspartate residues in the calcium permeability of the rat alpha7 nAChR.	Aspartic Acid	125-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
24177919-6	2014	Using mutagenesis and a combination of electrophysiology and imaging techniques, we tested the possible involvement of these aspartate residues in the calcium permeability of the rat alpha7 nAChR.	Calcium	151-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
24177919-7	2014	We found that one of these residues (the aspartate at position 44) appears to be essential since mutating it to alanine resulted in a decrease in amplitude for both whole cell and single-channel responses and in the complete disappearance of detectable calcium changes in most cells, which indicates that the ECD of the alpha7 nAChR plays a key role in calcium permeation.	Aspartic Acid	41-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	327-332
24177919-7	2014	We found that one of these residues (the aspartate at position 44) appears to be essential since mutating it to alanine resulted in a decrease in amplitude for both whole cell and single-channel responses and in the complete disappearance of detectable calcium changes in most cells, which indicates that the ECD of the alpha7 nAChR plays a key role in calcium permeation.	Alanine	112-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	327-332
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	199-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
24793809-4	2014	In the present study, we investigated the roles of alpha5-nAChR in the nicotine-induced expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
24793809-10	2014	In the A549 cell line, alpha5-nAChR and HIF-1alpha were found to be expressed under normal conditions, and their expression levels were significantly increased in response to nicotine treatment.	Nicotine	175-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
24793809-11	2014	The silencing of alpha5-nAChR significantly inhibited the nicotine-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group and attenuated the nicotine-induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF, and these effects required the cooperation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
24793809-12	2014	These results show that the alpha5-nAChR/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis is involved in nicotine-induced tumor cell proliferation, which suggests that alpha5-nAChR may serve as a potential anticancer target in nicotine-associated lung cancer.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
24827506-5	2014	There is also growing evidence that the unique genetic makeup of an individual, such as polymorphisms in genes encoding nAChR subunits, might influence the susceptibility of that individual to the pathobiological effects of nicotine.	Nicotine	224-232	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
24628360-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Varenicline, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulator, decreases ethanol consumption in rodents and humans.	Varenicline	24-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
24628360-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Varenicline, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulator, decreases ethanol consumption in rodents and humans.	Varenicline	24-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24628360-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Varenicline, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulator, decreases ethanol consumption in rodents and humans.	Ethanol	110-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24661093-3	2014	Previous studies have demonstrated that alpha6beta2*-nAChR are down-regulated following chronic nicotine exposure (unlike other subtypes that have been investigated - most prominently alpha4beta2* nAChR).	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24661093-3	2014	Previous studies have demonstrated that alpha6beta2*-nAChR are down-regulated following chronic nicotine exposure (unlike other subtypes that have been investigated - most prominently alpha4beta2* nAChR).	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
24661093-5	2014	Chronic nicotine dose-responses and quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography were used to define nicotine sensitivity of changes in alpha4beta2*-nAChR and alpha6beta2*-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
24661093-5	2014	Chronic nicotine dose-responses and quantitative ligand-binding autoradiography were used to define nicotine sensitivity of changes in alpha4beta2*-nAChR and alpha6beta2*-nAChR expression.	Nicotine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
24661093-6	2014	alpha6beta2*-nAChR down-regulation by chronic nicotine exposure in dopaminergic and optic-tract nuclei was  three-fold more sensitive than up-regulation of alpha4beta2*-nAChR.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
24661093-7	2014	In contrast, nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from dopamine-terminal region synaptosomal preparations changed only in response to chronic treatment with high nicotine doses, whereas dopaminergic parameters (transporter expression and activity, dopamine receptor expression) were largely unchanged.	Dopamine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
24661093-7	2014	In contrast, nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from dopamine-terminal region synaptosomal preparations changed only in response to chronic treatment with high nicotine doses, whereas dopaminergic parameters (transporter expression and activity, dopamine receptor expression) were largely unchanged.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
24661093-12	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment altered alpha6beta2*- and alpha4beta2*-nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from striatal and olfactory tubercle synaptosomes, but dopaminergic parameters were largely unaffected.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
24661093-12	2014	Chronic nicotine treatment altered alpha6beta2*- and alpha4beta2*-nAChR-mediated [(3) H]-dopamine release from striatal and olfactory tubercle synaptosomes, but dopaminergic parameters were largely unaffected.	Dopamine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
24813183-8	2014	The catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by nAChR agonist (NCT") was significantly inhibited by the pyrilamine pretreatment.	Catecholamines	4-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
24813183-8	2014	The catecholamine (CA) secretion induced by nAChR agonist (NCT") was significantly inhibited by the pyrilamine pretreatment.	Pyrilamine	100-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
24813183-12	2014	Overall, these data suggest that pyrilamine directly docks into the ligand binding site of nAChRs and specifically inhibits the nAChR-mediated effects thereby causing inhibition of CA secretion.	Pyrilamine	33-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
25265849-2	2014	It has been shown that in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alpha7 nAChR agonists increase the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), thus inducing proliferation and vessel formation which are important stages of angiogenesis.	Calcium	123-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
25265849-5	2014	The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 1 mM choline was inhibited significantly (p = 0.014) in cells which had been pre-incubated for 15 min with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Choline	40-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
25265849-5	2014	The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 1 mM choline was inhibited significantly (p = 0.014) in cells which had been pre-incubated for 15 min with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	methyllycaconitine	142-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
25265849-5	2014	The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by 1 mM choline was inhibited significantly (p = 0.014) in cells which had been pre-incubated for 15 min with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	methyllycaconitine	162-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	187-192
25265849-8	2014	The increase in [Ca2+]i induced by compound 1 was significantly inhibited by MLA (p = 0.013) and completely inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, indicating that the isoxazolic compound 1 acts as an alpha7 nAChR agonist.	Mecamylamine	121-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
24886653-2	2014	Here we wanted to investigate the role of N-terminal domain (NTD) residues of human (h) nAChR alpha6 subunit in the functional expression of halpha6*-nAChRs.	halpha6	141-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
24406270-0	2014	Functional interactions of varenicline and nicotine with nAChR subtypes implicated in cardiovascular control.	Varenicline	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
24406270-0	2014	Functional interactions of varenicline and nicotine with nAChR subtypes implicated in cardiovascular control.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
24406270-5	2014	and of nicotine in smokers was derived from activation-inhibition curves for each nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	7-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24886653-5	2014	While variations at residues Ser43 or Asn46 (both in N-terminal alpha-helix) in halpha6 subunit reduce halpha6hbeta2*-nAChRs function those at residues Arg96 (beta2-beta3 loop), Asp199 (loop F) or Ser233 (beta10-strand) increase halpha6hbeta2*-nAChR function.	halpha6	80-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
24886653-5	2014	While variations at residues Ser43 or Asn46 (both in N-terminal alpha-helix) in halpha6 subunit reduce halpha6hbeta2*-nAChRs function those at residues Arg96 (beta2-beta3 loop), Asp199 (loop F) or Ser233 (beta10-strand) increase halpha6hbeta2*-nAChR function.	halpha6hbeta2	103-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
24886653-8	2014	Incorporation of nAChR hbeta3 subunits always increase the function of wild-type or variant halpha6hbeta4-nAChRs except for those of halpha6(D57N, S156R, R87C or N171K)hbeta4-nAChRs.	halpha6hbeta4-nachrs	92-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24886653-8	2014	Incorporation of nAChR hbeta3 subunits always increase the function of wild-type or variant halpha6hbeta4-nAChRs except for those of halpha6(D57N, S156R, R87C or N171K)hbeta4-nAChRs.	halpha6	92-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24886653-8	2014	Incorporation of nAChR hbeta3 subunits always increase the function of wild-type or variant halpha6hbeta4-nAChRs except for those of halpha6(D57N, S156R, R87C or N171K)hbeta4-nAChRs.	nachrs	106-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24886653-12	2014	Variations (Asp57Asn, Arg87Cys, Asp92Glu, Ser156Arg or Asn171Lys) in halpha6 subunit that compromise halpha6*-nAChR function are expected to contribute to individual differences in responses to smoked nicotine.	halpha6	69-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
24886653-12	2014	Variations (Asp57Asn, Arg87Cys, Asp92Glu, Ser156Arg or Asn171Lys) in halpha6 subunit that compromise halpha6*-nAChR function are expected to contribute to individual differences in responses to smoked nicotine.	halpha6	101-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
24832553-7	2014	This MoA is considered not relevant to humans, given fundamental qualitative differences in sulfoxaflor agonism on the rat versus the human muscle nAChR.	sulfoxaflor	92-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
24703234-1	2014	N-Substituted amino-2(5H)-oxazolones A are a novel class of insecticides acting as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists and show potent activity against hemipteran insect species.	n-substituted amino-2(5h)-oxazolones a	0-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
24703234-1	2014	N-Substituted amino-2(5H)-oxazolones A are a novel class of insecticides acting as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists and show potent activity against hemipteran insect species.	n-substituted amino-2(5h)-oxazolones a	0-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
24569419-2	2014	Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with nicotine dependence, and are likely to influence renal function and related traits.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-56
24569419-2	2014	Genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes have been associated with nicotine dependence, and are likely to influence renal function and related traits.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
24569419-8	2014	In contrast, a gene-family analysis considering the joint impact of all 61 SNPs reveals significant associations of the nAChR gene family with kidney function variables including estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and albuminuria (all Ps <= 0.0001) after adjusting for established risk factors including cigarette smoking.	Creatinine	233-243	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
24428733-5	2014	RESULTS: Frequency of binge drinking and other correlated alcohol consumption measures were significantly associated with SNPs in CHRNA4 (p-values ranged from 0.0003 to 0.02), but not with SNPs in other CHRNs.	Alcohols	58-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-136
24627467-1	2014	Although nicotine mediates its effects through several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, it remains to be determined which nAChR subtypes directly mediate heightened anxiety during withdrawal.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
24627467-1	2014	Although nicotine mediates its effects through several nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes, it remains to be determined which nAChR subtypes directly mediate heightened anxiety during withdrawal.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24627467-2	2014	Relative success in abstinence has been found with the nAChR partial agonist varenicline (Chantix; Pfizer, Groton, CT); however, treatment with this drug fails to alleviate anxiety in individuals during nicotine withdrawal.	Varenicline	77-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
24627467-2	2014	Relative success in abstinence has been found with the nAChR partial agonist varenicline (Chantix; Pfizer, Groton, CT); however, treatment with this drug fails to alleviate anxiety in individuals during nicotine withdrawal.	Varenicline	90-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
24412748-8	2014	Collectively, these results demonstrate that GW1929 not only inhibits but also antagonizes Ach-induced NSCLC cell growth by inhibition of alpha7 nAChR expression through PPARgamma-independent signals that are associated with activation of p38 MPAK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR, followed by inducing Egr-1 protein and Egr-1 binding activity in the alpha7 nAChR gene promoter.	GW 1929	45-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	356-361
24412748-0	2014	GW1929 inhibits alpha7 nAChR expression through PPARgamma-independent activation of p38 MAPK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR: The role of Egr-1.	GW 1929	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-223
24412748-1	2014	Studies demonstrated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduce nicotine-induced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell growth through inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) mediated signaling pathways.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
24412748-4	2014	Interestingly, GW1929 inhibited alpha7 nAChR expression, which was not blocked by GW9662, an antagonist of PPARgamma, or by PPARgamma siRNA, but was abrogated by the p38 MPAK inhibitor SB239063.	GW 1929	15-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
24412748-8	2014	Collectively, these results demonstrate that GW1929 not only inhibits but also antagonizes Ach-induced NSCLC cell growth by inhibition of alpha7 nAChR expression through PPARgamma-independent signals that are associated with activation of p38 MPAK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR, followed by inducing Egr-1 protein and Egr-1 binding activity in the alpha7 nAChR gene promoter.	GW 1929	45-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
24412748-8	2014	Collectively, these results demonstrate that GW1929 not only inhibits but also antagonizes Ach-induced NSCLC cell growth by inhibition of alpha7 nAChR expression through PPARgamma-independent signals that are associated with activation of p38 MPAK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR, followed by inducing Egr-1 protein and Egr-1 binding activity in the alpha7 nAChR gene promoter.	Acetylcholine	91-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
24412748-8	2014	Collectively, these results demonstrate that GW1929 not only inhibits but also antagonizes Ach-induced NSCLC cell growth by inhibition of alpha7 nAChR expression through PPARgamma-independent signals that are associated with activation of p38 MPAK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR, followed by inducing Egr-1 protein and Egr-1 binding activity in the alpha7 nAChR gene promoter.	Acetylcholine	91-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	356-361
24412748-9	2014	By downregulation of the alpha7 nAchR, GW1929 blocks cholinergic signaling and inhibits NSCLC cell growth.	GW 1929	39-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
24515328-16	2014	ABT-894 and ABT-089 appear to be good candidate nAChR drugs for the management of LIDs in Parkinson"s disease.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
24515328-16	2014	ABT-894 and ABT-089 appear to be good candidate nAChR drugs for the management of LIDs in Parkinson"s disease.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	12-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
24326163-8	2014	Our findings thus identify specific loss of synaptic NMDARs and their coagonist, d-serine, as well as glutamatergic synaptic deficits in alpha7 nAChR gene deletion models of cortical dysfunction, thereby implicating alpha7 nAChR-mediated control of synaptic NMDARs and serine racemase/d-serine pathways in cortical dysfunction underlying many neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly those associated with deletion of human CHRNA7.	Deuterium	7-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	223-228
24467848-0	2014	A signal peptide missense mutation associated with nicotine dependence alters alpha2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-118
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Cytosine	2-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Cytosine	2-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Thymidine	14-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Thymidine	14-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Threonine	172-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Threonine	172-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	238-246	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
24467848-1	2014	A cytosine to thymidine (C   T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	238-246	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
24467848-2	2014	We assessed effects on function of alpha2*-nAChR ("*"indicates presence of additional subunits) of this mutation, which could alter SP cleavage, RNA/protein secondary structure, and/or efficiency of transcription, translation, subunit assembly, receptor trafficking or cell surface expression.	Protein Sorting Signals	132-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
24467848-6	2014	We hypothesize that lower sensitivity of human alpha2*-nAChR to nicotine could contribute to increased susceptibility to ND.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
24633083-5	2014	Similar changes in nAChR-mediated neurotransmitter production were identified as the cause of NSCLC stimulation in vitro and in xenograft models by chronic nicotine.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
24190916-3	2014	Unlike previously studied agonists, desensitization by the highly selective agonists A-85380 [3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine] and sazetidine-A (Saz-A) preferentially reduced alpha4beta2-nAChR HS-phase versus LS-phase responses.	A 85380	94-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
24385388-9	2014	Taken together, these experiments suggest that genetic variation at CHRNA4 alters the assembly and expression of human alpha4beta2 nAChRs, resulting in receptors that are more sensitive to nicotine exposure than those assembled with the common alpha4 variant.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-74
24385388-10	2014	The changes in nAChR pharmacology could contribute to differences in responses to smoked nicotine in individuals harboring these rare variants.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
24616704-6	2014	These include sites at locations associated with the well-known cholesterol binding motif CRAC and its reversed form CARC in nAChR, BK, and TRPV, as well as novel cholesterol binding regions in Kir channels.	Cholesterol	64-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
24362025-3	2014	Direct activation is sensitive to alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine, although the primed potentiation is not.	methyllycaconitine	58-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
24469431-6	2014	A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) labeled with a fluorescein derivative was used to develop this assay.	Fluorescein	58-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	2-34
24469431-6	2014	A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) labeled with a fluorescein derivative was used to develop this assay.	Fluorescein	58-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
24369841-1	2014	Both enantiomers of the epibatidine analogue flubatine display high affinity towards the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro, accompanied by negligible interactions with diverse off-target proteins.	epibatidine	24-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
24369841-1	2014	Both enantiomers of the epibatidine analogue flubatine display high affinity towards the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro, accompanied by negligible interactions with diverse off-target proteins.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	45-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
24117996-8	2014	In addition, nicotine exerted full spine-enlarging response in the post-synaptic neuron whose beta2 nAChR expression was knocked down.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
24616704-3	2014	The first major insight that comes from growing number of studies that based on the sterol specificity of cholesterol effects, show that several types of ion channels (nAChR, Kir, BK, TRPV) are regulated by specific sterol-protein interactions.	Cholesterol	106-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
24362025-0	2014	The activity of GAT107, an allosteric activator and positive modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is regulated by aromatic amino acids that span the subunit interface.	Amino Acids, Aromatic	140-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
24362025-1	2014	GAT107, the (+)-enantiomer of racemic 4-(4-bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinoline-8-sulfonamide, is a strong positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by orthosteric agonists with intrinsic allosteric agonist activities.	4-(4-bromophenyl)-3a,4,5,9b	38-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	210-215
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-97
24057800-6	2014	In application to a real dataset, we detected one significant tetragenic interaction among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 associated with nicotine dependence in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment sample, suggesting the biological role of these genes in nicotine dependence development.	Nicotine	268-276	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-97
23990377-1	2014	Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	342-350	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-288
23990377-1	2014	Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	342-350	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	290-295
24498031-4	2014	Alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit-related phenotypes were assessed by the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, the Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS).	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
25324001-4	2014	The ionic events (Ca(+2) influx) are generated by the ACh-opening of nAChR channels, while the metabolic events by ACh-binding to G-proteincoupled mAChR.	Acetylcholine	54-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
25324001-10	2014	Inhibition of M3 by antisense or antagonists (Darifenacin, Tiotropium) reduces lung or colon cancer proliferation, as well as inhibition of alpha9- nAChR [polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate] diminishes breast cancer cells growth.	polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate	155-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
24190916-4	2014	The concatenated-nAChR experiments confirmed that approximately 20% of LS-isoform acetylcholine-induced function occurs in an HS-like phase, which is abolished by Saz-A preincubation.	Acetylcholine	82-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24190916-3	2014	Unlike previously studied agonists, desensitization by the highly selective agonists A-85380 [3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine] and sazetidine-A (Saz-A) preferentially reduced alpha4beta2-nAChR HS-phase versus LS-phase responses.	sazetidine-A	134-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
24190916-4	2014	The concatenated-nAChR experiments confirmed that approximately 20% of LS-isoform acetylcholine-induced function occurs in an HS-like phase, which is abolished by Saz-A preincubation.	leucylserine	71-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
24882143-1	2014	Nicotine (NIC) is an exogenous ligand of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), and it influences various functions in the central nervous system.	Nicotine	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
24882143-10	2014	Taken together, these findings suggest that NIC-induced antinociception and the development of physical dependence are mediated by the endogenous opioid system, via the alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-181
24190916-4	2014	The concatenated-nAChR experiments confirmed that approximately 20% of LS-isoform acetylcholine-induced function occurs in an HS-like phase, which is abolished by Saz-A preincubation.	sazetidine-A	163-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
24190916-10	2014	These studies elucidate the receptor-level differences underlying the differential pharmacology of the two alpha4beta2-nAChR isoforms, and demonstrate that HS versus LS alpha4beta2-nAChR activity can be selectively manipulated using pharmacological approaches.	hassio	156-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
24190916-10	2014	These studies elucidate the receptor-level differences underlying the differential pharmacology of the two alpha4beta2-nAChR isoforms, and demonstrate that HS versus LS alpha4beta2-nAChR activity can be selectively manipulated using pharmacological approaches.	leucylserine	166-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
24376846-1	2013	We describe the expression of the extracellular domain of the human alpha1 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in lepidopteran insect cells (i-alpha1-ECD) and its suitability for use in antigen-specific therapies for Myasthenia Gravis (MG).	Acetylcholine	85-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
24274400-1	2013	Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which can exist as many different subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-51
24274400-1	2013	Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which can exist as many different subtypes.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
24274400-2	2013	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is the most prevalent subtype in the brain and possesses the most evidence linking it to nicotine seeking behavior.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
24012499-2	2013	The effect of nAChR agonists and antagonists on SR activity and expression was examined by following concentration-dependent changes in intracellular d-Ser levels and SR protein expression.	D-serine	150-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
24194515-3	2013	Here we show that in contrast to the alpha7 nAChR, the alpha7beta2 nAChR is highly susceptible to inhibition by the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in electrophysiology measurements.	Isoflurane	136-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
24145137-0	2013	The 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold for subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands.	3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane	4-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-97
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane	0-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	3,7-diazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane	0-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	bispidine	31-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	bispidine	31-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	nachrs	137-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
24145137-2	2013	3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (bispidine) based nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized and evaluated for nAChRs interaction.	nachrs	137-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
24358207-12	2013	Nicotine was sensed by nAChR and the signal was transduced by Sp1 which bound to the R3 region of LDLR gene.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
24012499-10	2013	We propose that nAChR-associated changes in Ca(2+) flux affect SR activity, but not expression, and that MLA and (R,S)-dehydronorketamine bind to allosteric sites on the alpha7-nAChR and promote multiple signaling cascades that converge at mTOR to increase m-SR levels.	(r,s)-dehydronorketamine	113-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
24012499-3	2013	Incubation with (S)-nicotine increased d-Ser levels, which were attenuated by the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	16-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24012499-3	2013	Incubation with (S)-nicotine increased d-Ser levels, which were attenuated by the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	D-serine	39-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24012499-3	2013	Incubation with (S)-nicotine increased d-Ser levels, which were attenuated by the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	106-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24012499-3	2013	Incubation with (S)-nicotine increased d-Ser levels, which were attenuated by the alpha7-nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	126-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
24012499-4	2013	Treatment of PC-12 cells with mecamylamine (MEC) produced a bimodal reduction of d-Ser reflecting MEC inhibition of homomeric and heteromeric nAChRs, while a unimodal curve was observed with 1321N1 cells, reflecting predominant expression of alpha7-nAChR.	Mecamylamine	30-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
24012499-4	2013	Treatment of PC-12 cells with mecamylamine (MEC) produced a bimodal reduction of d-Ser reflecting MEC inhibition of homomeric and heteromeric nAChRs, while a unimodal curve was observed with 1321N1 cells, reflecting predominant expression of alpha7-nAChR.	Mecamylamine	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
24012499-5	2013	The nAChR subtype selectivity was probed using alpha7-nAChR selective inhibitors MLA and (R,S)-dehydronorketamine and alpha3beta4-nAChR specific inhibitor AT-1001.	(r,s)-dehydronorketamine	89-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
24236983-6	2013	Significantly, pretreatment with diCQAs attenuated the neurotoxic effects of Abeta25-35 , a neuroprotective effect in which the upregulation of alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR may be involved.	caffeoylquinic acid	33-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
24100032-4	2013	We performed alanine scanning mutagenesis of AuIB and alpha3beta4 nAChR, homology modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify the structural determinants of the AuIB alpha3beta4 nAChR interaction.	Alanine	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
24100032-8	2013	Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Phe-9 of AuIB interacts with a two-residue binding pocket on the beta4 nAChR subunit.	Phenylalanine	66-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
24276616-5	2013	In this study, we computationally analyzed the role of this water molecule as a putative hydrogen bond donor/acceptor moiety in the agonist binding site of the three most relevant heteromeric (alpha4beta2, alpha3beta4) and homomeric (alpha7) neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Water	60-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	285-290
24051136-4	2013	Firstly, the signaling evoked by physiologically relevant ACh concentrations through the (alpha4)3(beta2)2 nAChR in HEK293 cells was potentiated by NS9283, consistent with the classification of NS9283 as a PAM.	Acetylcholine	58-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
24276616-5	2013	In this study, we computationally analyzed the role of this water molecule as a putative hydrogen bond donor/acceptor moiety in the agonist binding site of the three most relevant heteromeric (alpha4beta2, alpha3beta4) and homomeric (alpha7) neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Hydrogen	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	285-290
23624811-5	2013	RESULTS: The objective of this review is to describe the multiple cellular pathways through which chronic nicotine exposure regulates nAChR expression, and to juxtapose these mechanisms with evidence for altered expression of high-affinity nAChRs in human psychiatric illness.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
24013278-3	2013	In the absence of anionic lipids and cholesterol, the nAChR adopts an uncoupled conformation, which binds agonist with resting state-like affinity but does not usually undergo agonist-induced conformational transitions.	Cholesterol	37-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
23902940-4	2013	We first tested the nonselective nAChR agonist 1, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]benzazepine (varenicline), which offers the advantage that it is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in humans.	1, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6h-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]benzazepine	47-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
23902940-7	2013	We next tested the selective alpha4beta2*/alpha6beta2* nAChR agonist TC-8831 [3-cyclopropylcarbonyl-3,6-diazabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane] on LIDs in the same set of monkeys after a 10-week washout.	TC-8831	69-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
23902940-13	2013	These data suggest that nAChR agonists may be useful for the management of dyskinesias in l-DOPA-treated Parkinson"s disease patients.	Levodopa	90-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
23830821-3	2013	We review what is known of the processes regulating nAChR assembly, degradation and trafficking, and how nicotine-induced modulation of these processes leads to nAChR up-regulation and changes in downstream neuronal plasticity at molecular, cellular and circuit level.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	29-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	29-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Glutamic Acid	81-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Glutamic Acid	81-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	161-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
23771165-3	2013	In this study, an open-state GABA(A)R was constructed using the structure of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl), which has a high sequence identity to GABA(A)R. A closed-state model was constructed using the structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	161-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
23389808-1	2013	About 85 % of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) have anti-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antibodies in their sera (seropositive MG; SPMG).	Acetylcholine	83-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
23574176-5	2013	This review highlights the important preclinical findings involving nAChR ligands in regulating nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drug-induced neurobiological changes in animal models and humans.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
23937977-1	2013	We have carried out computational studies on interactions of diazabicyclic amide analogs with alpha4beta2 nAChR using homology modeling, docking and pharmacophore elucidation techniques.	diazabicyclic	61-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
23937977-1	2013	We have carried out computational studies on interactions of diazabicyclic amide analogs with alpha4beta2 nAChR using homology modeling, docking and pharmacophore elucidation techniques.	Amides	75-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
23937977-8	2013	These findings could be exploited to design diverse and selective novel chemical libraries for the treatment of diseases and conditions where the alpha4beta2 nAChR is disrupted, such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson"s disease and l-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID).	Levodopa	229-235	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
23639435-6	2013	Nortriptyline is an exception with a Cu,b that is 2-fold below its IC50, which is comparable to the nAChR antagonist (+-)-mecamylamine, for which Cu,b is 4-fold below its IC50; both drugs will inhibit a substantial fraction of alpha4beta2 nAChRs.	Mecamylamine	117-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
23757208-2	2013	We exploited knowledge on nAChR ligands and their binding site that were previously identified by our laboratory through virtual screenings and identified benzamide analogs as a novel chemical class of neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) ligands.	benzamide	155-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
23757208-2	2013	We exploited knowledge on nAChR ligands and their binding site that were previously identified by our laboratory through virtual screenings and identified benzamide analogs as a novel chemical class of neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) ligands.	benzamide	155-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	231-236
23757208-3	2013	The lead molecule, compound 1 (4-(allyloxy)-N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzamide) inhibits nAChR activity with an IC50 value of 6.0 (3.4-10.6) muM on human alpha4beta2 nAChRs with a ~5-fold preference against human alpha3beta4 nAChRs.	4-(allyloxy)-n-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzamide	31-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
23757208-3	2013	The lead molecule, compound 1 (4-(allyloxy)-N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzamide) inhibits nAChR activity with an IC50 value of 6.0 (3.4-10.6) muM on human alpha4beta2 nAChRs with a ~5-fold preference against human alpha3beta4 nAChRs.	nachrs	165-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
23604333-2	2013	Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-65
23604333-2	2013	Moreover, the TT genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha3-subunit (CHRNA3) rs1051730 polymorphism has previously been associated with diminished PPI and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
23604333-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The present findings imply that the effect of nicotine on sensorimotor gating is modulated by nAChR alpha3-subunits.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
23574176-5	2013	This review highlights the important preclinical findings involving nAChR ligands in regulating nicotine, alcohol and other addictive drug-induced neurobiological changes in animal models and humans.	Alcohols	106-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
23833792-0	2004	5-(6-(5-[(11)C]methylhexahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are pentameric ligand-gated cation channels that are found primarily in the central nervous system of mammals and are composed of alpha and beta subunits arranged in various homomeric or heteromeric stoichiometric arrangements (for details, see dos Santos Coura and Granon (1)).	5-(6-(5-methylhexahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrol-2(1H)-yl)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole	0-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
23603380-8	2013	The blockade of anabasine and myosmine actions in TE-671 cells by alpha conotoxin GI indicates that they are agonists at fetal muscle-type nAChR.	Anabasine	16-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
23603380-8	2013	The blockade of anabasine and myosmine actions in TE-671 cells by alpha conotoxin GI indicates that they are agonists at fetal muscle-type nAChR.	myosmine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
23603417-4	2013	Mecamylamine easily traverses the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system (CNS), where it acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, inhibiting all known nAChR subtypes.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-148
23603417-4	2013	Mecamylamine easily traverses the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system (CNS), where it acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, inhibiting all known nAChR subtypes.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
23603417-4	2013	Mecamylamine easily traverses the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system (CNS), where it acts as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, inhibiting all known nAChR subtypes.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
23801676-3	2013	We also present a receptor blocking study in a nicotine subject dosed with the alpha4beta2-nAChR-selective partial agonist varenicline.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
23801676-3	2013	We also present a receptor blocking study in a nicotine subject dosed with the alpha4beta2-nAChR-selective partial agonist varenicline.	Varenicline	123-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
23801676-9	2013	CONCLUSION: (18)F-AZAN is a highly specific, safe, and effective PET radioligand for human subjects that requires only 90 min of PET scanning to estimate high-affinity alpha4beta2-nAChR in the living human brain.	f-azan	16-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
23884938-2	2013	The prototypical agonist nicotine acts intracellularly to upregulate many nAChR subtypes, a phenomenon that is thought to contribute to the nicotine dependence of cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
23884938-2	2013	The prototypical agonist nicotine acts intracellularly to upregulate many nAChR subtypes, a phenomenon that is thought to contribute to the nicotine dependence of cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
23884938-8	2013	Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of nicotine-induced alpha3beta4 nAChR upregulation that may be relevant also for other nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
23884938-8	2013	Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of nicotine-induced alpha3beta4 nAChR upregulation that may be relevant also for other nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
23818597-4	2013	Here we explore alpha7-nAChR localization and actions in primate dlPFC and find that they are enriched in glutamate network synapses, where they are essential for dlPFC persistent firing, with permissive effects on NMDA receptor actions.	Glutamic Acid	106-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
23818597-8	2013	We additionally show that alpha7-nAChR stimulation is needed for NMDA actions, suggesting that it is key for the engagement of dlPFC circuits.	N-Methylaspartate	65-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
23869214-1	2013	Human genetic association studies have shown gene variants in the alpha5 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) influence both ethanol and nicotine dependence.	Ethanol	139-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
23869214-1	2013	Human genetic association studies have shown gene variants in the alpha5 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) influence both ethanol and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
23869214-11	2013	Additionally, the alpha5alpha4* nAChR in VTA dopaminergic neurons regulates the effect of nicotine but not ethanol on currents.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
23171716-3	2013	We sought to determine if menthol cigarette usage results in greater nAChR up-regulation than non-menthol cigarette usage.	Menthol	26-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
23238810-4	2013	The inward current of the epsilon-nAChR was activated by use of 10 mumol/L acetylcholine alone or in combination with different concentrations of sevoflurane, isoflurane, or rocuronium.	Acetylcholine	75-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23238810-4	2013	The inward current of the epsilon-nAChR was activated by use of 10 mumol/L acetylcholine alone or in combination with different concentrations of sevoflurane, isoflurane, or rocuronium.	Sevoflurane	146-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23238810-4	2013	The inward current of the epsilon-nAChR was activated by use of 10 mumol/L acetylcholine alone or in combination with different concentrations of sevoflurane, isoflurane, or rocuronium.	Isoflurane	159-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23238810-4	2013	The inward current of the epsilon-nAChR was activated by use of 10 mumol/L acetylcholine alone or in combination with different concentrations of sevoflurane, isoflurane, or rocuronium.	Rocuronium	174-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23238810-9	2013	Sevoflurane or isoflurane (0.5 IC5) with rocuronium at IC5, IC25, and IC50 synergistically inhibited the current amplitude of adult-type muscle epsilon-nAChR.	Sevoflurane	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
23238810-9	2013	Sevoflurane or isoflurane (0.5 IC5) with rocuronium at IC5, IC25, and IC50 synergistically inhibited the current amplitude of adult-type muscle epsilon-nAChR.	Isoflurane	15-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
23238810-9	2013	Sevoflurane or isoflurane (0.5 IC5) with rocuronium at IC5, IC25, and IC50 synergistically inhibited the current amplitude of adult-type muscle epsilon-nAChR.	Rocuronium	41-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
23545348-9	2013	Both toxins inhibited contractile responses to exogenous ACh and CCh, but not KCl, suggesting a post-synaptic mode of action at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	57-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
23414838-1	2013	High throughput screening led to the identification of a novel series of quinolone alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists.	Quinolones	73-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
23700644-8	2004	5-(3"-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (nifrolidine) is a putative and selective nAChR antagonist with nanomolar affinity.	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	0-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
23700644-8	2004	5-(3"-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (nifrolidine) is a putative and selective nAChR antagonist with nanomolar affinity.	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	59-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
23700644-11	2004	5-(3"-[(18)F]-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([(18)F]nifrolidine) is being developed as a PET agent with faster kinetics than 2-[(18)F]FA and 6-[(18)F]FA for the noninvasive study of nAChR in the brain (6).	5-(3"-[(18)f]-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(s)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	0-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
23700644-11	2004	5-(3"-[(18)F]-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([(18)F]nifrolidine) is being developed as a PET agent with faster kinetics than 2-[(18)F]FA and 6-[(18)F]FA for the noninvasive study of nAChR in the brain (6).	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	74-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
23553665-8	2013	In addition, rs755203 and rs1044397 in CHRNA4 were associated with nicotine dependence in healthy controls.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
23553665-10	2013	In addition, rs755203 and rs1044397 in CHRNA4 might play a role in the pathophysiology of nicotine dependence in healthy controls in the Japanese population.	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
23626818-11	2013	However, treatment with the Rho associated kinase inhibitor Y27632 resulted in a significant increase in alpha3beta4 nAChR levels within N-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts.	Y 27632	60-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
23479730-5	2013	Sustained exposure of Abeta(1-42) to alpha4beta2 nAChR-transfected cells for several days led to increased Ca(2+) responses on subsequent acute stimulation with Abeta(1-42) or nicotine, paralleled by increased expression levels of alpha4beta2 nAChRs, likely the result of enhanced receptor recycling.	Nicotine	176-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
23278456-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study demonstrates that NS9283 increases responsiveness of human (alpha4)3(beta2)2 nAChR to ACh with no change in maximum efficacy.	3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile	59-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
23278456-11	2013	In summary, the mechanism of action of NS9283 bears high resemblance to that of benzodiazepines at the GABAA receptor and to our knowledge, NS9283 constitutes the first nAChR compound of this class.	3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile	39-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
23278456-11	2013	In summary, the mechanism of action of NS9283 bears high resemblance to that of benzodiazepines at the GABAA receptor and to our knowledge, NS9283 constitutes the first nAChR compound of this class.	3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile	140-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
26105867-12	2013	CONCLUSION: Nicotine exposure in pregnancy increases nAChR subunit mRNAs that play a role in vasoconstriction and amino acid uptake, possibly contributing to abnormalities in placentas from smoking mothers.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
23430468-8	2013	Treatment of non-transfected cells with Abeta elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lowered the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and these changes were potentiated by inhibiting expression of alpha7 nAChR.	Malondialdehyde	68-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
23430468-8	2013	Treatment of non-transfected cells with Abeta elevated the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lowered the activities of SOD and GSH-Px and these changes were potentiated by inhibiting expression of alpha7 nAChR.	Glutathione	128-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
23641218-8	2013	In addition, ethanol potentiates distinct nAChR subtype responses to ACh and nicotine in vitro and in DAergic neurons.	Ethanol	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
23641218-8	2013	In addition, ethanol potentiates distinct nAChR subtype responses to ACh and nicotine in vitro and in DAergic neurons.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
23641218-9	2013	The smoking cessation therapeutic and nAChR partial agonist, varenicline, reduces alcohol consumption in heavy drinking smokers and rodent models of alcohol consumption.	Varenicline	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
23641218-9	2013	The smoking cessation therapeutic and nAChR partial agonist, varenicline, reduces alcohol consumption in heavy drinking smokers and rodent models of alcohol consumption.	Alcohols	82-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
23641218-9	2013	The smoking cessation therapeutic and nAChR partial agonist, varenicline, reduces alcohol consumption in heavy drinking smokers and rodent models of alcohol consumption.	Alcohols	149-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
23336579-1	2013	alpha-Conotoxin MII (alpha-CTxMII) is a potent and selective peptide antagonist of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR"s).	alpha-ctxmii	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
23349463-4	2013	This interaction was predicted by studies of ACh-binding proteins and confirmed by functional studies of the neuronal (CNS) nAChR, alpha4beta2.	Acetylcholine	45-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
23201359-2	2013	Nicotine - a nonspecific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist - improves vigilance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients as measured by continuous performance tests (CPTs), but the nAChR mediating this effect remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
23201359-2	2013	Nicotine - a nonspecific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist - improves vigilance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients as measured by continuous performance tests (CPTs), but the nAChR mediating this effect remains unclear.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
23201359-10	2013	The similarity of nicotine and ABT-418 effects provides support for an alpha4beta2 nAChR mechanism of action for nicotine-induced improvement in attention/vigilance.	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	31-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
23201359-10	2013	The similarity of nicotine and ABT-418 effects provides support for an alpha4beta2 nAChR mechanism of action for nicotine-induced improvement in attention/vigilance.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
23300078-2	2013	Here, we characterize propofol binding sites in a muscle-type nAChR by use of a photoreactive analog of propofol, 2-isopropyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]phenol (AziPm).	Propofol	22-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
23352509-0	2013	Pharmacological properties and predicted binding mode of arylmethylene quinuclidine-like derivatives at the alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	arylmethylene quinuclidine	57-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
23300078-2	2013	Here, we characterize propofol binding sites in a muscle-type nAChR by use of a photoreactive analog of propofol, 2-isopropyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]phenol (AziPm).	Propofol	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
23300078-2	2013	Here, we characterize propofol binding sites in a muscle-type nAChR by use of a photoreactive analog of propofol, 2-isopropyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]phenol (AziPm).	2-isopropyl-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)phenol	114-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
23300078-2	2013	Here, we characterize propofol binding sites in a muscle-type nAChR by use of a photoreactive analog of propofol, 2-isopropyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]phenol (AziPm).	azipm	174-179	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
23300078-3	2013	Based upon radioligand binding assays, AziPm stabilized the Torpedo nAChR in the resting state, whereas propofol stabilized the desensitized state.	azipm	39-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
23300078-4	2013	nAChR-rich membranes were photolabeled with [(3)H]AziPm, and labeled amino acids were identified by Edman degradation.	[(3)h]azipm	44-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
23300078-8	2013	These results identify for the first time a single intrasubunit propofol binding site in the nAChR transmembrane domain and suggest that this is the functionally relevant inhibitory binding site.	Propofol	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
23037950-0	2013	Possible association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in Japanese males: an exploratory study.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-69
22751493-2	2013	This nicotine addiction is mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), expressed on most neurons, and also many other organs in the body.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
22751493-2	2013	This nicotine addiction is mediated through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), expressed on most neurons, and also many other organs in the body.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	Codeine	33-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	Codeine	33-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	eseroline	45-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	eseroline	45-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	Galantamine	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
22931533-3	2013	The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development.	Galantamine	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22750421-10	2013	These results demonstrate that nicotine and endogenous ACh enhance the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs of IA-AVPNs and cause a postsynaptic excitatory current and that the nicotinic effects are mediated presynaptically by activation of the alpha4beta2 type of nAChR and postsynaptically by activation of multiple nAChRs, including alpha7 and alpha4beta2 types.	Nicotine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	270-275
23418390-3	2013	Using pharmacological and behavioral tools, we found that alpha7-nAChR-mediated cholinergic interactions between the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus and the medial prefrontal cortex modulate the duration of fear-motivated memories, maybe by regulating the activation state of VTA-hippocampus dopamine connections.	Dopamine	295-303	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Varenicline	110-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
23110878-5	2013	During the amygdala reactivity paradigm, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stimulation by nicotine and varenicline decreased reaction time (RT) in abstinent smokers but not in nonsmokers.	Varenicline	110-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
23710919-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of alpha3 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on apoptosis and p38 signal transduction pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and to assess the roles of alpha3 nAChR in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Acetylcholine	67-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
23086458-3	2013	In the current study, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy calculations were performed to theoretically investigate the interactions between the partial agonists, 4-OH-DMXBA and tropisetron with alpha7-nAChR.	4-oh-dmxba	195-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	234-239
23086458-3	2013	In the current study, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and binding energy calculations were performed to theoretically investigate the interactions between the partial agonists, 4-OH-DMXBA and tropisetron with alpha7-nAChR.	Tropisetron	210-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	234-239
23086458-4	2013	The results suggest that the partial agonists 4-OH-DMXBA and tropisetron bind with alpha7-nAChR in a binding mode similar to that with AChBP.	4-oh-dmxba	46-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
23086458-4	2013	The results suggest that the partial agonists 4-OH-DMXBA and tropisetron bind with alpha7-nAChR in a binding mode similar to that with AChBP.	Tropisetron	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
23086458-6	2013	Energy calculation and decomposition using MM-GB/SA suggests that the van der Waals term (DeltaE(VDW)) is the main driving force for the binding of the partial agonists to alpha7-nAChR.	2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine	49-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
22291029-11	2013	In LV and LVI, nAChR-induced activation of inhibitory and excitatory neurons results in a net augmentation of output neuron activity.	lvi	10-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
22750421-10	2013	These results demonstrate that nicotine and endogenous ACh enhance the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs of IA-AVPNs and cause a postsynaptic excitatory current and that the nicotinic effects are mediated presynaptically by activation of the alpha4beta2 type of nAChR and postsynaptically by activation of multiple nAChRs, including alpha7 and alpha4beta2 types.	Acetylcholine	55-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	270-275
23086230-1	2013	Coniine is an optically active toxic piperidine alkaloid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist found in poison hemlock (Conium maculatum L.).	coniine	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
23042213-4	2013	The alpha7 nAChR agonists varenicline and JN403, but not the alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist cytisine, increased the 3H-PIB binding in autopsy tissue homogenates from AD and control frontal cortex.	Varenicline	26-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
23042213-4	2013	The alpha7 nAChR agonists varenicline and JN403, but not the alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist cytisine, increased the 3H-PIB binding in autopsy tissue homogenates from AD and control frontal cortex.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	42-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
23042213-4	2013	The alpha7 nAChR agonists varenicline and JN403, but not the alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist cytisine, increased the 3H-PIB binding in autopsy tissue homogenates from AD and control frontal cortex.	Tritium	111-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
23042213-5	2013	This effect was blocked in the presence of the alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, and mecamylamine, but not by the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	methyllycaconitine	72-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
23042213-5	2013	This effect was blocked in the presence of the alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine, alpha-bungarotoxin, and mecamylamine, but not by the alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Mecamylamine	116-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
23086230-9	2013	These results provide pharmacological evidence that the piperidine alkaloid coniine is acting at fetal muscle-type nAChR in a concentration-dependent manner.	piperidine alkaloid	56-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
23086230-9	2013	These results provide pharmacological evidence that the piperidine alkaloid coniine is acting at fetal muscle-type nAChR in a concentration-dependent manner.	coniine	76-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
23010362-1	2013	The interaction of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (-)-reboxetine with the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in different conformational states was studied by several functional and structural approaches.	Norepinephrine	33-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
23010362-1	2013	The interaction of the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (-)-reboxetine with the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in different conformational states was studied by several functional and structural approaches.	Reboxetine	67-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
23468647-6	2013	acr-7 knockout and nAChR antagonists suppress clozapine-induced inhibition of pharyngeal pumping.	Clozapine	46-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
23010362-3	2013	Consistently, the results from the electrophysiology-based functional approach suggest that (-)-reboxetine may act via open channel block; therefore, it is capable of producing a use-dependent type of inhibition of the halpha4beta2 nAChR function.	Reboxetine	92-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	232-237
23010362-5	2013	The results indicate that, although (-)-reboxetine binds with low affinity to this site, it discriminates between the resting and desensitized halpha4beta2 nAChR ion channels.	Reboxetine	36-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
23010362-6	2013	Patch-clamp results also indicate that (-)-reboxetine progressively inhibits the halpha4beta2 nAChR with two-fold higher potency at the end of one-second application of agonist, compared with the peak current.	Reboxetine	39-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
22796110-3	2013	Here we discuss the role of the cortical cholinergic system in mediating cue detection and attentional control and propose two target mechanisms for cognition enhancers: stimulation of prefrontal alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) for the enhancement of cue detection and augmentation of tonic acetylcholine levels for the enhancement of attentional control.	Acetylcholine	219-232	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-249
23468647-4	2013	nAChR agonists phenocopy the developmental effects of clozapine, while nAChR antagonists partially block these effects.	Clozapine	54-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
23201341-5	2013	In contrast, when untransfected SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to nicotine, the levels of both alpha3 nAChR mRNA and protein were enhanced; while the levels of BACE1 mRNA and protein were diminished and the corresponding levels of BACE2 enhanced; and the level of Abeta in the culture medium was attenuated.	Nicotine	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
23966848-2	2013	Recent data have led to a debate about the principal pathway of nicotine action: direct stimulation of the DAergic cells through nAChR activation, or disinhibition mediated through desensitization of nAChRs on GABAergic interneurons.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
23468647-9	2013	alpha-like nAChR signaling is a mechanism through which clozapine may produce its therapeutic and/or toxic effects in humans, a hypothesis that could be tested following identification of the mammalian ortholog of C. elegans acr-7.	Clozapine	56-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
23149874-7	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages.	Hexamethonium	49-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22902499-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Both nAChR and mAChR antagonists (hexamethonium and methacine, respectively), per se, elevated histamine-releasing activity of the HMC-1 and suppressed the MC responses to most of investigated activators (carbachol, compound 48/80, and to a lesser extent aIgG).	Hexamethonium	48-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
22902499-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Both nAChR and mAChR antagonists (hexamethonium and methacine, respectively), per se, elevated histamine-releasing activity of the HMC-1 and suppressed the MC responses to most of investigated activators (carbachol, compound 48/80, and to a lesser extent aIgG).	methacine	66-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
22902499-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Both nAChR and mAChR antagonists (hexamethonium and methacine, respectively), per se, elevated histamine-releasing activity of the HMC-1 and suppressed the MC responses to most of investigated activators (carbachol, compound 48/80, and to a lesser extent aIgG).	Carbachol	219-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
22902499-5	2012	KEY FINDINGS: Both nAChR and mAChR antagonists (hexamethonium and methacine, respectively), per se, elevated histamine-releasing activity of the HMC-1 and suppressed the MC responses to most of investigated activators (carbachol, compound 48/80, and to a lesser extent aIgG).	aigg	269-273	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
23149874-7	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages.	Hexamethonium	49-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23149874-7	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages.	nicotineinduced	175-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22544838-7	2012	Progress has been made using knockout mouse models, highlighting the importance of alpha5 nAChR subunits in regulating nicotine intake, particularly those localized to the habenula-interpeduncular nucleus pathway.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
23149874-7	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blocker hexamethonium, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059, p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and NF-kappaB inhibitor PDTC almost completely abolished nicotineinduced CRP expression in mRNA and protein levels in U937 macrophages.	nicotineinduced	175-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
23149874-9	2012	These demonstrate that nicotine has ability to induce CRP expression in macrophages through nAChR-ERK1/2/p38 MAPK-NF-kappaB signal pathway, which contributes to better understanding of the pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic effects of nicotine in cigarette smokers.	Nicotine	241-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
22990212-2	2012	The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-139
22923641-6	2012	Treatment of primary cultures of BEC with nicotine increased levels of nAChR subunits and that increase was potentiated by lynx1 knockdown.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
22990212-2	2012	The regulation of feeding and metabolism by nicotine is complex, and recent studies have begun to identify nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and circuits or cell types involved in this regulation.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
22990212-4	2012	Then, we will describe the nAChR subtypes expressed in these structures in mammals to identify the possible molecular targets for nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
23060793-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The procognitive actions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine are believed, in part, to motivate the excessive cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, a disorder associated with deficits in multiple cognitive domains, including low-level auditory sensory processes and higher-order attention-dependent operations.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-76
22804734-1	2012	Long-term treatment with nicotine or selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists increases the number of alpha7 nAChRs and this up-regulation may be involved in the mechanism underlying the sustained procognitive effect of these compounds.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
22804734-3	2012	We show that the type II PAMs, PNU-120596 (10 muM) or TQS (1 and 10 muM), inhibit up-regulation, as measured by protein levels, induced by the alpha7 nAChR agonist A-582941 (10 nM or 10 muM), in SH-EP1 cells stably expressing human alpha7 nAChR, whereas the type I PAMs AVL-3288 or NS1738 do not.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	31-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
22804734-3	2012	We show that the type II PAMs, PNU-120596 (10 muM) or TQS (1 and 10 muM), inhibit up-regulation, as measured by protein levels, induced by the alpha7 nAChR agonist A-582941 (10 nM or 10 muM), in SH-EP1 cells stably expressing human alpha7 nAChR, whereas the type I PAMs AVL-3288 or NS1738 do not.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	31-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	239-244
22804734-3	2012	We show that the type II PAMs, PNU-120596 (10 muM) or TQS (1 and 10 muM), inhibit up-regulation, as measured by protein levels, induced by the alpha7 nAChR agonist A-582941 (10 nM or 10 muM), in SH-EP1 cells stably expressing human alpha7 nAChR, whereas the type I PAMs AVL-3288 or NS1738 do not.	N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide	54-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
22804734-3	2012	We show that the type II PAMs, PNU-120596 (10 muM) or TQS (1 and 10 muM), inhibit up-regulation, as measured by protein levels, induced by the alpha7 nAChR agonist A-582941 (10 nM or 10 muM), in SH-EP1 cells stably expressing human alpha7 nAChR, whereas the type I PAMs AVL-3288 or NS1738 do not.	N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide	54-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	239-244
22804734-5	2012	We further show in vivo that 3 mg/kg PNU-120596 inhibits up-regulation of the alpha7 nAChR induced by 10 mg/kg A-582941, as measured by [(125)I]-bungarotoxin autoradiography, whereas 1 mg/kg AVL-3288 does not.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	37-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
22804734-8	2012	Furthermore, our data suggest that nicotine and A-582941 induce up-regulation through different mechanisms, and that this confers differential sensitivity to the effects of alpha7 nAChR PAMs.	Nicotine	35-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
22804734-8	2012	Furthermore, our data suggest that nicotine and A-582941 induce up-regulation through different mechanisms, and that this confers differential sensitivity to the effects of alpha7 nAChR PAMs.	A-582941	48-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
22547331-1	2012	RATIONALE: Emerging evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2 form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulates the rewarding effects of alcohol.	Alcohols	147-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-103
22547331-1	2012	RATIONALE: Emerging evidence suggests that the alpha4beta2 form of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) modulates the rewarding effects of alcohol.	Alcohols	147-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
22547331-2	2012	The nAChR alpha4beta2 subunit partial agonist varenicline (Chantix ), which is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for smoking cessation, also decreases ethanol consumption in rodents (Steensland et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:12518-12523, 2007) and in human laboratory and open-label studies (Fucito et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl) 215:655-663, 2011; McKee et al., Biol Psychiatry 66:185-190 2009).	Varenicline	46-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
22547331-2	2012	The nAChR alpha4beta2 subunit partial agonist varenicline (Chantix ), which is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for smoking cessation, also decreases ethanol consumption in rodents (Steensland et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:12518-12523, 2007) and in human laboratory and open-label studies (Fucito et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl) 215:655-663, 2011; McKee et al., Biol Psychiatry 66:185-190 2009).	Varenicline	59-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
22547331-2	2012	The nAChR alpha4beta2 subunit partial agonist varenicline (Chantix ), which is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for smoking cessation, also decreases ethanol consumption in rodents (Steensland et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:12518-12523, 2007) and in human laboratory and open-label studies (Fucito et al., Psychopharmacology (Berl) 215:655-663, 2011; McKee et al., Biol Psychiatry 66:185-190 2009).	Ethanol	162-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
22928944-2	2012	In this study, a cocrystal structure of the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) from Capitella teleta (Ct) in complex with a cyclopropane-containing selective alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist (compound 5) was acquired.	cyclopropane	127-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	207-212
23060793-1	2012	BACKGROUND: The procognitive actions of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine are believed, in part, to motivate the excessive cigarette smoking in schizophrenia, a disorder associated with deficits in multiple cognitive domains, including low-level auditory sensory processes and higher-order attention-dependent operations.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
22952075-2	2012	The authors examined multiple dosages of tropisetron, a partial agonist at the nAChR, for short-term effects on cognition and P50 deficits in schizophrenia.	Tropisetron	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
22613724-6	2012	Azemiopsin efficiently competed with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (IC(50) 0.18 +- 0.03 mum) and with lower efficiency to human alpha7 nAChR (IC(50) 22 +- 2 mum).	azemiopsin	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-111
22791813-7	2012	Using the PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and Panc-1 and immortalized pancreatic duct epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7, our current experiments reveal a significant sensitization of the nAChR-driven autocrine catecholamine regulatory loop in cells pre-exposed to nicotine for 7 days.	Catecholamines	197-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
22791813-7	2012	Using the PDAC cell lines BxPC-3 and Panc-1 and immortalized pancreatic duct epithelial cell line HPDE6-C7, our current experiments reveal a significant sensitization of the nAChR-driven autocrine catecholamine regulatory loop in cells pre-exposed to nicotine for 7 days.	Nicotine	251-259	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
22791813-8	2012	The resulting increase in catecholamine production was associated with significant inductions in the phosphorylation of signaling proteins ERK, CREB, Src and AKT, upregulated protein expression of nAChR subunits alpha3, alpha4, alpha5 and alpha7 and increased responsiveness to nicotine in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and cell migration assays.	Catecholamines	26-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
22851633-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The PET radioligand 2-fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ((18)F-nifene) is an alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist developed to provide accelerated in vivo equilibrium compared with existing alpha4beta2* radioligands.	2-fluoro-3-[2-((s)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine	32-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-147
22851633-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The PET radioligand 2-fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ((18)F-nifene) is an alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist developed to provide accelerated in vivo equilibrium compared with existing alpha4beta2* radioligands.	2-fluoro-3-[2-((s)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine	32-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
22851633-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The PET radioligand 2-fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ((18)F-nifene) is an alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist developed to provide accelerated in vivo equilibrium compared with existing alpha4beta2* radioligands.	nifene	88-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-147
22851633-1	2012	UNLABELLED: The PET radioligand 2-fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine ((18)F-nifene) is an alpha4beta2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist developed to provide accelerated in vivo equilibrium compared with existing alpha4beta2* radioligands.	nifene	88-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
22851633-9	2012	RESULTS: The rapid uptake and binding of (18)F-nifene in nAChR-rich regions of the brain was appropriately modeled using the 1TCM.	f-nifene	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
22673050-2	2012	In the present study, a series of PTZ derivatives 1-11 were investigated on the inhibition of the cloned alpha7 subunit of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7-nAChR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes by using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique.	phenothiazine	34-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
22613724-6	2012	Azemiopsin efficiently competed with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (IC(50) 0.18 +- 0.03 mum) and with lower efficiency to human alpha7 nAChR (IC(50) 22 +- 2 mum).	azemiopsin	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
22613724-6	2012	Azemiopsin efficiently competed with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (IC(50) 0.18 +- 0.03 mum) and with lower efficiency to human alpha7 nAChR (IC(50) 22 +- 2 mum).	azemiopsin	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
22613724-7	2012	It dose-dependently blocked acetylcholine-induced currents in Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing human muscle-type nAChR and was more potent against the adult form (alpha1beta1epsilondelta) than the fetal form (alpha1beta1gammadelta), EC(50) being 0.44 +- 0.1 mum and 1.56 +- 0.37 mum, respectively.	Acetylcholine	28-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
22613724-9	2012	Ala scanning showed that amino acid residues at positions 3-6, 8-11, and 13-14 are essential for binding to Torpedo nAChR.	Alanine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
22876217-7	2012	We will characterize both ethanol and nicotine"s effects on nAChR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity in several key brain areas that are important for addiction.	Ethanol	26-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
22580045-7	2012	The ganglionic blocker mecamylamine was most potent for blocking alpha3beta4 receptors, least potent for alpha7, and roughly equipotent for the muscle receptors and the beta2-containing nAChR.	Mecamylamine	23-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
22876217-7	2012	We will characterize both ethanol and nicotine"s effects on nAChR-mediated synaptic transmission and plasticity in several key brain areas that are important for addiction.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
22580045-9	2012	Three prototypical alpha7-selective agonists, choline, tropane, and 4OH-GTS-21, were tested, and these agents were observed to activate both fish alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Choline	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
22580045-9	2012	Three prototypical alpha7-selective agonists, choline, tropane, and 4OH-GTS-21, were tested, and these agents were observed to activate both fish alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Tropanes	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
22580045-9	2012	Three prototypical alpha7-selective agonists, choline, tropane, and 4OH-GTS-21, were tested, and these agents were observed to activate both fish alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Estetrol	68-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
22627701-1	2012	The 3-methylmaleimide congeners of the natural product methyllycaconitine (MLA) and an analogue covalently attach to functional cysteine mutants of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	3-methylmaleimide	4-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22665477-6	2012	alpha5 subunit incorporation into alpha3beta4* nAChR also alters the relative efficacies of competitive agonists and changes the potency of the non-competitive antagonist mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	171-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
22574675-4	2012	Evidence suggests that the effects of nAChR partial agonists and antagonists have promise for the management of alcohol dependence and other alcohol use disorders.	Alcohols	112-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
22574675-8	2012	Future research indicating the ability of nAChR based compounds to reduce alcohol consumption or modulate alcohol drinking behavior in preclinical and clinical studies, are also discussed.	Alcohols	74-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
22742586-0	2012	Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidine analogues of 2"-fluoro-3"-(4-nitrophenyl)deschloroepibatidine.	2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidine	98-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-46
22742586-0	2012	Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidine analogues of 2"-fluoro-3"-(4-nitrophenyl)deschloroepibatidine.	2-fluoro-3-(4-nitrophenyl)deschloroepibatidine	165-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-46
22742586-1	2012	Herein, we report the synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines 5b-g, analogues of 3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound 5a.	2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines	128-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-68
22742586-1	2012	Herein, we report the synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines 5b-g, analogues of 3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound 5a.	2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines	128-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
22742586-1	2012	Herein, we report the synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines 5b-g, analogues of 3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound 5a.	3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound	202-229	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-68
22742586-1	2012	Herein, we report the synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of 2"-fluoro-3"-(substituted phenyl)deschloroepibatidines 5b-g, analogues of 3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound 5a.	3"-(4-nitrophenyl) compound	202-229	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
22716019-2	2012	Previous studies have established that unnatural amino acid mutagenesis can probe three key binding interactions at the nAChR: a cation-pi interaction, and two hydrogen-bonding interactions to the protein backbone of the receptor.	Hydrogen	160-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
22627701-1	2012	The 3-methylmaleimide congeners of the natural product methyllycaconitine (MLA) and an analogue covalently attach to functional cysteine mutants of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	methyllycaconitine	55-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22627701-1	2012	The 3-methylmaleimide congeners of the natural product methyllycaconitine (MLA) and an analogue covalently attach to functional cysteine mutants of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	128-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
22593584-0	2012	A highly conserved cytoplasmic cysteine residue in the alpha4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is palmitoylated and regulates protein expression.	Cysteine	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-94
22593584-5	2012	When this cysteine is mutated to a serine, producing a depalmitoylated alpha4 nAChR, total protein expression decreases, but surface expression increases compared with wild-type alpha4 levels, as determined by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoassays, respectively.	Cysteine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
22593584-1	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) cell surface expression levels are modulated during nicotine dependence and multiple disorders of the nervous system, but the mechanisms underlying nAChR trafficking remain unclear.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22593584-5	2012	When this cysteine is mutated to a serine, producing a depalmitoylated alpha4 nAChR, total protein expression decreases, but surface expression increases compared with wild-type alpha4 levels, as determined by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunoassays, respectively.	Serine	35-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
22593584-9	2012	Thus, our results identify a novel palmitoylation site on cysteine 273 in the M1-M2 loop of the alpha4 nAChR and determine that cysteines in both intracellular loops are regulatory factors in total and cell surface protein expression of the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Cysteine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
22593584-1	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) cell surface expression levels are modulated during nicotine dependence and multiple disorders of the nervous system, but the mechanisms underlying nAChR trafficking remain unclear.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22593584-9	2012	Thus, our results identify a novel palmitoylation site on cysteine 273 in the M1-M2 loop of the alpha4 nAChR and determine that cysteines in both intracellular loops are regulatory factors in total and cell surface protein expression of the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Cysteine	128-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	253-258
22506649-3	2012	Bis-quaternary amines proved to have a strong affinity for all nAChR epitopes and negatively charged phospholipids, even in the presence of the physiological neurotransmitter acetylcholine.	bis-quaternary amines	0-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
22556416-7	2012	Interestingly, the PNU-120596 agonist co-application data revealed that for wild-type alpha7 nAChR, the 3-furan desensitized state was relatively stabilized compared with that of 2-furan, a reversal of the relationship observed with respect to the barrier for entry into the desensitized state.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	19-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
22556416-7	2012	Interestingly, the PNU-120596 agonist co-application data revealed that for wild-type alpha7 nAChR, the 3-furan desensitized state was relatively stabilized compared with that of 2-furan, a reversal of the relationship observed with respect to the barrier for entry into the desensitized state.	3-furan	104-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
22556416-8	2012	These data highlight the importance of hydrogen bonding on the receptor-ligand state, and suggest that it may be possible to fine-tune features of agonists that mediate state selection in the nAChR.	Hydrogen	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
22631603-1	2012	Neonicotinoid insecticides target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the nervous system of insects but are largely ineffective against ticks.	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-67
22631603-1	2012	Neonicotinoid insecticides target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the nervous system of insects but are largely ineffective against ticks.	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
22631603-5	2012	To test this, we sequenced nAChR genes from five tick species and found that instead of the conserved arginine found in insects, a glutamine was present in all the tick sequences.	Glutamine	131-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
22421703-7	2012	We conclude that LMA 10203 could be used as an interesting compound to identify specific insect nAChR subtypes.	LMA 10203	17-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
22286500-3	2012	Using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology adapted for dissociated cockroach dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons, we demonstrated that intracellular factors involved in the regulation of nAChR function modulated neonicotinoid sensitivity.	Neonicotinoids	217-230	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
22300022-3	2012	The alpha7-nAChR subunit forms homo-oligodimeric nAChR with unique distinctive properties, such as high permeability to calcium and modulation by the extracellular calcium concentrations, the possibility of binding two-five molecules of agonist, function modulation via phosphorylation and/or via calcium-dependent serine/threonine kinases and modulating transmitter release and activation of GABAergic interneurons.	Calcium	120-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
22300022-3	2012	The alpha7-nAChR subunit forms homo-oligodimeric nAChR with unique distinctive properties, such as high permeability to calcium and modulation by the extracellular calcium concentrations, the possibility of binding two-five molecules of agonist, function modulation via phosphorylation and/or via calcium-dependent serine/threonine kinases and modulating transmitter release and activation of GABAergic interneurons.	Calcium	120-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
22300022-3	2012	The alpha7-nAChR subunit forms homo-oligodimeric nAChR with unique distinctive properties, such as high permeability to calcium and modulation by the extracellular calcium concentrations, the possibility of binding two-five molecules of agonist, function modulation via phosphorylation and/or via calcium-dependent serine/threonine kinases and modulating transmitter release and activation of GABAergic interneurons.	Calcium	164-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
22300022-3	2012	The alpha7-nAChR subunit forms homo-oligodimeric nAChR with unique distinctive properties, such as high permeability to calcium and modulation by the extracellular calcium concentrations, the possibility of binding two-five molecules of agonist, function modulation via phosphorylation and/or via calcium-dependent serine/threonine kinases and modulating transmitter release and activation of GABAergic interneurons.	Calcium	164-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
22300028-2	2012	Several studies suggest that alpha7 nicotinic receptor (nAChR) activation represents a useful therapeutic strategy for the cognitive impairments associated with early Alzheimer"s disease as the alpha7 subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are expressed by basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons as well as by their targets in the hippocampus.	Acetylcholine	222-235	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
22300030-4	2012	Evidences of nAChR-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are briefly reviewed.	Rotenone	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
22300030-4	2012	Evidences of nAChR-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are briefly reviewed.	Oxidopamine	82-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
22300030-4	2012	Evidences of nAChR-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are briefly reviewed.	Oxidopamine	102-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
22300030-4	2012	Evidences of nAChR-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are briefly reviewed.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	115-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
22300030-4	2012	Evidences of nAChR-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by rotenone, 6- hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are briefly reviewed.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	161-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
22300030-5	2012	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was blocked not only by alpha4beta2 but also by alpha7 nAChR antagonists.	Rotenone	3-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
22300030-5	2012	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was blocked not only by alpha4beta2 but also by alpha7 nAChR antagonists.	Oxidopamine	17-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
22349182-7	2012	The nicotine-induced Cx43 downregulation functionally impaired intercellular dye transfer, which could be prevented by mecamylamine, kappa-bungarotoxin, lobeline, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine but not alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating that the nAChR subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 but not alpha7 are involved in signal cascade.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
22349182-7	2012	The nicotine-induced Cx43 downregulation functionally impaired intercellular dye transfer, which could be prevented by mecamylamine, kappa-bungarotoxin, lobeline, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine but not alpha-bungarotoxin, indicating that the nAChR subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta2 but not alpha7 are involved in signal cascade.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	167-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
22349182-8	2012	RT-PCR analysis revealed that nicotine exposure resulted in the upregulation of alpha3 and beta4 and the downregulation of alpha4-nAChR, while alpha7- and beta2-nAChR-mRNA expressions remained unaltered.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
22349182-8	2012	RT-PCR analysis revealed that nicotine exposure resulted in the upregulation of alpha3 and beta4 and the downregulation of alpha4-nAChR, while alpha7- and beta2-nAChR-mRNA expressions remained unaltered.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
22395733-1	2012	The primary objective of this project was to determine the alpha4beta2(*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) occupancy in human brain of a single low dose of varenicline (0.5 mg), and to explore the relationship between receptor occupancy by varenicline and tobacco withdrawal symptoms ((*)denoting other putative nAChR subunits).	Varenicline	164-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-106
22395733-1	2012	The primary objective of this project was to determine the alpha4beta2(*) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) occupancy in human brain of a single low dose of varenicline (0.5 mg), and to explore the relationship between receptor occupancy by varenicline and tobacco withdrawal symptoms ((*)denoting other putative nAChR subunits).	Varenicline	164-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
22344459-8	2012	These results suggest that KYNA levels generated from 20 muM kynurenine inhibit tonically active alpha7 nAChR-dependent GABAergic transmission to the pyramidal neurons.	Kynurenine	61-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
22394239-8	2012	Instead of the in situ protein-templated azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction occurring at a localized, sequestered enzyme active center as previously shown, we demonstrate that the in situ reaction can take place at the subunit interfaces of an oligomeric protein and can thus be used as a tool for identifying novel candidate nAChR ligands.	Azides	41-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	327-332
22595161-3	2012	BACKGROUND: [(18)F]-2-Fluoro-A85380 was developed for in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of nAChR subunits in the human brain.	-2-fluoro-a85380	19-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
22595161-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: [(18)F]-2-Fluoro-A85380 can provide specific information on the nAChR distribution in human arteries.	2-fluoro-a85380	21-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
22394239-8	2012	Instead of the in situ protein-templated azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction occurring at a localized, sequestered enzyme active center as previously shown, we demonstrate that the in situ reaction can take place at the subunit interfaces of an oligomeric protein and can thus be used as a tool for identifying novel candidate nAChR ligands.	Alkynes	47-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	327-332
22155207-8	2012	These results indicate that fluoxetine via axo-axonal interaction mechanism exhibits bimodal effects on nAChR-mediated neurogenic nitrergic dilation of basilar arteries.	Fluoxetine	28-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20641434-8	2004	5-(3"-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (nifrolidine) is a putative and selective nAChR antagonist with nanomolar affinity.	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	0-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
20641434-8	2004	5-(3"-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (nifrolidine) is a putative and selective nAChR antagonist with nanomolar affinity.	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	59-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
20641434-11	2004	5-(3"-[(18)F]-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([(18)F]nifrolidine) is being developed as a PET agent with faster kinetics than 2-[(18)F]FA and 6-[(18)F]FA for the non-invasive study of nAChR in the brain.	5-(3"-[(18)f]-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(s)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	0-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
20641434-11	2004	5-(3"-[(18)F]-Fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([(18)F]nifrolidine) is being developed as a PET agent with faster kinetics than 2-[(18)F]FA and 6-[(18)F]FA for the non-invasive study of nAChR in the brain.	5-(3'-fluoropropyl)-3-(2-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	74-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
22474108-11	2012	In women, beta(2)*-nAChR availability in the cortex and cerebellum was negatively and significantly correlated with progesterone level on the SPECT imaging day.	Progesterone	116-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
22410083-0	2012	Consequences of linker length alteration of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, SEN12333.	5-morpholin-4-ylpentanoic acid (4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)amide	105-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
22410083-1	2012	A series of ligands based on SEN12333, containing either contracted or elongated alkyl chains, were synthesized and evaluated in molecular docking studies against a homology model of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	5-morpholin-4-ylpentanoic acid (4-pyridin-3-ylphenyl)amide	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	228-233
22095388-12	2012	Therefore, we concluded that alpha1, alpha5, alpha7, and beta2 nAChR subunits are highly expressed in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE16) after nicotinic incubation and that the alpha7 subunit is involved in the nicotine-induced inhibitory effect on the production of inflammatory factors.	Nicotine	217-225	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
22382680-0	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 and beta4 subunits contribute nicotine-induced apoptosis in periodontal ligament stem cells.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22382680-3	2012	Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of nicotine by means of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-126
22382680-3	2012	Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of nicotine by means of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation in PDLSCs.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
22382680-5	2012	The gene expressions of alpha7 and beta4 nAChR were increased by nicotine administration.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
22382680-10	2012	However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
22382680-10	2012	However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
22382680-10	2012	However, the apoptotic effect of nicotine was inhibited by the pretreatment of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist or mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist.	Mecamylamine	138-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
22382680-11	2012	Finally, increases in the subG1 phase and DNA fragmentation by nicotine was attenuated by each nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	63-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
22394379-3	2012	Based on inhibition of [(125)I]SADU-3-72 binding, SADU-3-72 binds with high affinity (IC(50) = 0.8 muM) to the Torpedo nAChR in the resting (closed channel) state and in the agonist-induced desensitized state, and bupropion binds to that site with 3-fold higher affinity in the desensitized (IC(50) = 1.2 muM) than in the resting state.	Bupropion	214-223	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
22394379-8	2012	These results establish the presence of two distinct bupropion binding sites within the Torpedo nAChR transmembrane domain: a high affinity site at the middle (M2-9) of the ion channel and a second site near the extracellular end of alphaM1 within a previously described halothane (general anesthetic) binding pocket.	Bupropion	53-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
22394379-8	2012	These results establish the presence of two distinct bupropion binding sites within the Torpedo nAChR transmembrane domain: a high affinity site at the middle (M2-9) of the ion channel and a second site near the extracellular end of alphaM1 within a previously described halothane (general anesthetic) binding pocket.	Halothane	271-280	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
22170867-5	2012	We observe that binding of (nAChR) agonists to AChBP elicits clockwise rotation of the inner beta-sheet with respect to the outer beta-sheet, causing tilting of the cys-loop away from the five-fold axis, in a manner quite similar to that speculated for alpha-subunits of the heteromeric nAChR structure (Unwin, J Mol Biol 2005;346:967), making this motion potentially important in transmission of the gating signal to the transmembrane domain of a LGIC.	achbp	47-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
22170867-5	2012	We observe that binding of (nAChR) agonists to AChBP elicits clockwise rotation of the inner beta-sheet with respect to the outer beta-sheet, causing tilting of the cys-loop away from the five-fold axis, in a manner quite similar to that speculated for alpha-subunits of the heteromeric nAChR structure (Unwin, J Mol Biol 2005;346:967), making this motion potentially important in transmission of the gating signal to the transmembrane domain of a LGIC.	achbp	47-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	287-292
22170867-5	2012	We observe that binding of (nAChR) agonists to AChBP elicits clockwise rotation of the inner beta-sheet with respect to the outer beta-sheet, causing tilting of the cys-loop away from the five-fold axis, in a manner quite similar to that speculated for alpha-subunits of the heteromeric nAChR structure (Unwin, J Mol Biol 2005;346:967), making this motion potentially important in transmission of the gating signal to the transmembrane domain of a LGIC.	Cysteine	165-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
22170867-5	2012	We observe that binding of (nAChR) agonists to AChBP elicits clockwise rotation of the inner beta-sheet with respect to the outer beta-sheet, causing tilting of the cys-loop away from the five-fold axis, in a manner quite similar to that speculated for alpha-subunits of the heteromeric nAChR structure (Unwin, J Mol Biol 2005;346:967), making this motion potentially important in transmission of the gating signal to the transmembrane domain of a LGIC.	Cysteine	165-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	287-292
22165966-2	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated intracellular signaling in response to nicotine has recently been implicated in the growth regulation of NSCLC.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
22378897-5	2012	Despite depolarizing MCs directly, the net effect of nAChR activation is to suppress olfactory nerve-evoked responses in these cells via activity-dependent feedback GABAergic mechanisms.	mcs	21-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
22348963-8	2012	Application of AC253, an amylin receptor antagonist, blocked the excitatory effects of not only hAmylin but also nicotine; dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a nAChR antagonist, also blocked the effects of nicotine and hAmylin.	ac253	15-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
22348963-8	2012	Application of AC253, an amylin receptor antagonist, blocked the excitatory effects of not only hAmylin but also nicotine; dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHbetaE), a nAChR antagonist, also blocked the effects of nicotine and hAmylin.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	123-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
22165966-2	2012	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated intracellular signaling in response to nicotine has recently been implicated in the growth regulation of NSCLC.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22165966-7	2012	Our data indicate that nicotine stimulated the growth of NSCLC xenografts via modulation of nAChR upregulation and activation of cAMP signaling.	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
22165966-9	2012	Activation of critical proteins in the oncogenic pathway, including CREB, ERK, Akt, and Src, and upregulation of alpha-4 and alpha-7 subunits of nAChR provided mechanistic insight for the observed stimulatory effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	219-227	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
22048466-6	2012	For varenicline, continuous abstinence (weeks 9-12) was associated with multiple nAChR subunit genes (including CHRNB2, CHRNA5, and CHRNA4) (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.23-2.52) (p<0.005); for bupropion, abstinence was associated with CYP2B6 (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.27-2.50) (p<0.001).	Varenicline	4-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
22048466-6	2012	For varenicline, continuous abstinence (weeks 9-12) was associated with multiple nAChR subunit genes (including CHRNB2, CHRNA5, and CHRNA4) (OR=1.76; 95% CI: 1.23-2.52) (p<0.005); for bupropion, abstinence was associated with CYP2B6 (OR=1.78; 95% CI: 1.27-2.50) (p<0.001).	Bupropion	187-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
22001448-8	2012	In a second step co-incubation was performed using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	115-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
22148173-0	2012	Identification of novel alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists based on an isoxazole ether scaffold that demonstrate antidepressant-like activity.	isoxazole ether	98-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-68
22148173-0	2012	Identification of novel alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists based on an isoxazole ether scaffold that demonstrate antidepressant-like activity.	isoxazole ether	98-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
22148173-2	2012	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine, has been shown to be an effective add-on in patients that do not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.	Mecamylamine	57-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
22148173-2	2012	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, mecamylamine, has been shown to be an effective add-on in patients that do not respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.	Mecamylamine	57-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
22148173-4	2012	In this study, a new series of nAChR ligands based on an isoxazole-ether scaffold have been designed and synthesized for binding and functional assays.	Isoxazoles	57-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
22148173-4	2012	In this study, a new series of nAChR ligands based on an isoxazole-ether scaffold have been designed and synthesized for binding and functional assays.	Ether	67-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
22222032-4	2012	Interestingly, the epiboxidine-related dimethylammonium iodide (+-)-17, which retained a good affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR (K(i)=13.30nM), tightly bound also to the alpha7 subtype (K(i)=1.60nM), thus displaying a reversal of the affinity trend among the reference and new nicotinic ligands under investigation.	nicotinic	278-287	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
22222032-3	2012	The set of 3-pyridinyl derivatives (+-)-10, (+-)-11 and (+-)-12 exhibited an affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype in the subnanomolar range (K(i) values of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.50nM, respectively) and behaved as alpha4beta2 versus alpha7 subtype selective ligands.	3-pyridinyl	11-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
22222032-4	2012	Interestingly, the epiboxidine-related dimethylammonium iodide (+-)-17, which retained a good affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR (K(i)=13.30nM), tightly bound also to the alpha7 subtype (K(i)=1.60nM), thus displaying a reversal of the affinity trend among the reference and new nicotinic ligands under investigation.	epiboxidine	19-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
22222032-4	2012	Interestingly, the epiboxidine-related dimethylammonium iodide (+-)-17, which retained a good affinity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR (K(i)=13.30nM), tightly bound also to the alpha7 subtype (K(i)=1.60nM), thus displaying a reversal of the affinity trend among the reference and new nicotinic ligands under investigation.	dimethylammonium iodide (+-)-17	39-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
22108052-2	2012	Among the many chemicals in CS is nicotine - which affects cells through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Cesium	28-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
22108052-2	2012	Among the many chemicals in CS is nicotine - which affects cells through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
22119468-5	2012	Compound (+-)-[(125)I]-3 represents the first successful example of a DAT and nAChR photoaffinity ligand based on the bupropion scaffold.	Bupropion	118-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
22119468-6	2012	Such ligands are expected to assist in mapping bupropion-binding pockets within plasma membrane monoamine transporters and ligand-gated nAChR ion channels.	Bupropion	47-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
22320303-4	2012	We additionally present data about the decrease of the propagation velocity of rSD waves after nicotine application and show analogical effects obtained with epibatidine, a specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist.	epibatidine	158-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-214
22425227-6	2012	Expression of PPAR gamma and PPAR gamma-target genes was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with d-tubocurarine, antagonist of non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Tubocurarine	102-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-179
22425227-6	2012	Expression of PPAR gamma and PPAR gamma-target genes was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with d-tubocurarine, antagonist of non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Tubocurarine	102-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
22320303-4	2012	We additionally present data about the decrease of the propagation velocity of rSD waves after nicotine application and show analogical effects obtained with epibatidine, a specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist.	epibatidine	158-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-221
21994270-6	2012	The response facilitation was completely or strongly blocked by atropine (At), a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist, in almost all neurons (96% of cells), whereas any residual effect after At administration was fully removed by mecamylamine, a nicotinic AChR (nAChR) antagonist, suggesting a predominant role for mAChRs in this mechanism.	Atropine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
21917987-4	2012	The alpha6*-preferring alpha-Ctx MII mutant analogs, alpha-Ctx MII[H9A,L15A] and alpha-Ctx MII[S4A,E11A,L15A], blocked nAChR currents with an IC(50) of 217.8 and 33 nM, respectively.	methylphenyl carbinol	4-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
21764527-3	2012	Genome wide association studies revealed a relationship between development of nicotine dependence and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs16969968) of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-192
21764527-3	2012	Genome wide association studies revealed a relationship between development of nicotine dependence and a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs16969968) of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha-5 subunit gene (CHRNA5).	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
22201862-5	2012	More data is needed to determine whether repetitive activation of nAChR with intermittent or acute exposure to nicotine, acute activation of nAChR, or long-lasting inactivation of nAChR secondary to chronic nicotine exposure will have a therapeutic effect and/or explain the beneficial effects of those types of drugs.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
22013232-7	2012	Similar results were produced using RJR-2403, showing that DNE influences primarily the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	dne	59-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
22013232-9	2012	These data provide new evidence that chronic DNE modulates XII MN nAChR function, and suggests an explanation for the association between DNE and the incidence of central and obstructive apneas.	dne	45-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
21994270-6	2012	The response facilitation was completely or strongly blocked by atropine (At), a muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonist, in almost all neurons (96% of cells), whereas any residual effect after At administration was fully removed by mecamylamine, a nicotinic AChR (nAChR) antagonist, suggesting a predominant role for mAChRs in this mechanism.	Atropine	74-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
22013232-5	2012	nAChR-mediated inward currents were evoked by brief pressure pulses of nicotine or the alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist RJR-2403.	Nicotine	71-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
21969449-6	2012	These effects of ROS on nAChR function are due to the highly conserved Cys residues in the receptors: replacing the cysteine residues in alpha3 allow ganglionic transmission and sympathetic reflexes to function normally in diabetes.	Reactive Oxygen Species	17-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
21969449-6	2012	These effects of ROS on nAChR function are due to the highly conserved Cys residues in the receptors: replacing the cysteine residues in alpha3 allow ganglionic transmission and sympathetic reflexes to function normally in diabetes.	Cysteine	71-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
21969449-6	2012	These effects of ROS on nAChR function are due to the highly conserved Cys residues in the receptors: replacing the cysteine residues in alpha3 allow ganglionic transmission and sympathetic reflexes to function normally in diabetes.	Cysteine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-115
22447304-4	2012	Here, we introduce recent advances in this field and describe the role of the following nAChR-related brain mechanisms in modulating impulsive behavior: dopamine release in the ventral striatum; alpha4beta2 nAChRs in the infralimbic cortex, which is a ventral part of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); and dopamine release in the mPFC.	Dopamine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
22447304-4	2012	Here, we introduce recent advances in this field and describe the role of the following nAChR-related brain mechanisms in modulating impulsive behavior: dopamine release in the ventral striatum; alpha4beta2 nAChRs in the infralimbic cortex, which is a ventral part of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC); and dopamine release in the mPFC.	Dopamine	309-317	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
22441542-2	2012	Whether these effects can be contributed to the immunomodulatory effects of nicotine via nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation is unclear.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
22441542-7	2012	RESULTS: Repeated nicotine exposure upregulated CHRNA7 expression on THP-I monocytes and led to an enhanced potential of alpha7 nAChR agonist GSK1345038A to reduce TNF levels.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
22441542-7	2012	RESULTS: Repeated nicotine exposure upregulated CHRNA7 expression on THP-I monocytes and led to an enhanced potential of alpha7 nAChR agonist GSK1345038A to reduce TNF levels.	gsk1345038a	142-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
26451072-3	2012	Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor 2 (GABBR2), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 (CHRNA4) are three examples of genes that have previously shown strong associations with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	205-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-123
22761932-4	2012	In addition, the acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine is associated with a beta2-subunit containing nAChR-dependent increase in jnk1 (mapk8) transcription in the hippocampus.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
22761932-6	2012	The acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in the presence of nicotine resulted in an increase in phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) binding to the jnk1 promoter in the hippocampus in a beta2-subunit containing nAChR dependent manner, but had no effect on CREB binding; neither fear conditioning alone nor nicotine administration alone altered transcription factor binding to the jnk1 promoter.	Nicotine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
21309712-2	2011	ACh/agonist evoked currents at the alpha7 nAChR are transient, and, typically, calcium flux responses are difficult to detect using conventional fluorometric assay techniques.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
22393406-8	2012	Significant excitatory Ca(2+) influxes were evoked by ACE, IMI, and nicotine at concentrations greater than 1 microM in small neurons in cerebellar cultures that expressed the mRNA of the alpha3, alpha4, and alpha7 nAChR subunits.	Nicotine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	215-220
22393406-11	2012	Furthermore, the effects of the neonicotinoids were significantly inhibited by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, alpha-bungarotoxin, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Neonicotinoids	32-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
22393406-11	2012	Furthermore, the effects of the neonicotinoids were significantly inhibited by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, alpha-bungarotoxin, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Mecamylamine	101-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
22393406-11	2012	Furthermore, the effects of the neonicotinoids were significantly inhibited by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, alpha-bungarotoxin, and dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	139-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
21309712-4	2011	In this study, we demonstrate that inclusion of type II PAMs such as PNU-120596, but not type I, can enable detection of endogenous alpha7 nAChR-mediated calcium responses in human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	69-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
21309712-4	2011	In this study, we demonstrate that inclusion of type II PAMs such as PNU-120596, but not type I, can enable detection of endogenous alpha7 nAChR-mediated calcium responses in human neuroblastoma (IMR-32) cells.	Calcium	154-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
21309712-5	2011	Using this approach, we characterized the pharmacological profile of nicotine, epibatidine, choline, and other nAChR agonists such as PNU-282987, SSR-180711, GTS-21, OH-GTS21, tropisetron, NS6784, and A-582941.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
22654728-7	2011	In the present review, we summarize recent electrophysiological and pharmacological studies on the extrasynaptic and synaptic differences between insect and mammalian nAChR subtypes and we discuss on the pharmacological impact of several drugs such as neonicotinoid insecticides targeting these receptors.	Neonicotinoids	252-265	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
21884762-5	2011	Nicotine and selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists reduce WM impairments in patients with SP and reverse WM deficits in animals treated with NMDAR antagonists.	nmdar	170-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
21889951-2	2011	Improvements in stimulus selection with the nAChR agonist nicotine have been reported but its effects on visual spatial selective attention are unclear.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
21889951-6	2011	Nicotine modulation of the ERP marker of spatial attentional selection corroborates in general the attentional effects of nAChR agonists and extends these properties to include altered selective mechanisms during visual spatial processing.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
22112852-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Along with high affinity binding of epibatidine (Kd1 10 pM) to alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), low affinity binding of epibatidine (Kd2 1-10 nM) to an independent binding site has been reported.	epibatidine	48-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
22112852-3	2011	The binding behavior of epibatidine and alpha4beta2 AChR raises a question about interpreting binding data from two independent sites with ligand depletion and nonspecific binding, both of which can affect equilibrium binding of [3H]epibatidine and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	epibatidine	24-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	261-266
22112852-3	2011	The binding behavior of epibatidine and alpha4beta2 AChR raises a question about interpreting binding data from two independent sites with ligand depletion and nonspecific binding, both of which can affect equilibrium binding of [3H]epibatidine and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Epibatidine	229-244	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	261-266
21940627-4	2011	Nicotine markedly increased alpha4beta2 nAChR binding site density and beta2 subunit protein.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
21940627-5	2011	Carbachol, a known nAChR and muscarinic receptor agonist, up-regulated both alpha4beta2 nAChR binding sites and subunit protein 2-fold more than did nicotine.	Carbachol	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21940627-5	2011	Carbachol, a known nAChR and muscarinic receptor agonist, up-regulated both alpha4beta2 nAChR binding sites and subunit protein 2-fold more than did nicotine.	Carbachol	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
21940627-5	2011	Carbachol, a known nAChR and muscarinic receptor agonist, up-regulated both alpha4beta2 nAChR binding sites and subunit protein 2-fold more than did nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21962147-1	2011	A series of diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane substituted pyridines and pyrazines was synthesized and characterized at the alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane substituted pyridines	12-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
21962147-1	2011	A series of diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane substituted pyridines and pyrazines was synthesized and characterized at the alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Pyrazines	64-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
21962147-2	2011	The compounds were designed to mimic the profile of ABT-089, high affinity binding ligand for the alpha4beta2 nAChR, with limited agonist activity.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	52-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	Asparagine	50-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	Asparagine	50-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
21873428-9	2011	These studies yield insight into assembly of functional alpha6alpha5*-nAChR and provide tools for development of alpha6*-nAChR-selective ligands that could be important in the treatment of nicotine dependence, and perhaps other neurological diseases.	Nicotine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	Methionine	62-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	Methionine	62-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	halpha6hbeta4	142-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21832048-7	2011	More specifically, nAChR halpha6 subunit residues Asn-143 and Met-145 are important for dominant-negative effects of nAChR hbeta3 subunits on halpha6hbeta4-nAChR function.	halpha6hbeta4	142-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
21832048-8	2011	Asn-143 and additional residues in the N-terminal domain of nAChR halpha6 subunits are involved in the gain-of-function effects of nAChR hbeta3(V9"S) subunits on alpha6beta2*-nAChR function.	Asparagine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
21799193-12	2011	CONCLUSION: The study highlights the fact that intake of nicotine, through agonism to nAChR, might predispose epileptic patients to lower seizure threshold and induce a state of refractoriness to the protective effects of the antiepileptic drugs, resulting in possible breakthrough seizure attacks.	Nicotine	57-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21911609-6	2011	Zoniporide, a more selective inhibitor of NHE1, reversibly inhibited alpha3beta4-, alpha7- and alpha4-containing (*) nAChRs in Xenopus oocytes and in brain slices, as well as in PS120 cells deficient in NHE1 and virally transduced with nAChRs, suggesting a generalized effect of zoniporide in most neuronal nAChR subtypes.	zoniporide	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
21763685-3	2011	ABT-594, for the first time, provided clinical validation to the nAChR agonist pharmacology as a novel mechanism for treatment of pain.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
21745762-3	2011	We report a patient with antibody-confirmed AAG and elevated levels of ACh binding antibodies that did not meet clinical or electrodiagnostic criteria for MG. We presume that his skeletal muscle nAChR seropositivity was a false positive, perhaps due to the cross reactivity of the patient"s ganglionic nAChR antibodies with skeletal nAChR subtypes.	aag	44-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
21684266-1	2011	Although a relative newcomer to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, substantial evidence suggests that alpha6 containing nAChRs play a key role in CNS function.	alpha6	120-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-68
21575610-3	2011	In this review, we discuss models for the activation and desensitization of nAChR, and the discovery of multiple types of ligands that influence those processes in both heteromeric nAChR, such as the high-affinity nicotine receptors of the brain, and homomeric alpha7-type receptors.	Nicotine	214-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
21763685-7	2011	NS9283 (also known as A-969933), the first oxadiazole analog, was found to selectively enhance the potency of a range of nAChR agonists at alpha4beta2, but not alpha3beta4, nAChRs.	3-(3-(pyridine-3-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzonitrile	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
21684266-1	2011	Although a relative newcomer to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, substantial evidence suggests that alpha6 containing nAChRs play a key role in CNS function.	alpha6	120-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
21684266-6	2011	Converging evidence suggest that the major alpha6 containing nAChRs subtypes in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine system are the alpha6beta2beta3 and alpha6alpha4beta2beta3 nAChR populations.	Dopamine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
23256274-5	2011	The activation of the nAChR causes a twisting motion of the receptor, which opens a gate allowing for the passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium cations through the cell membrane.	Sodium	117-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
21684266-7	2011	They appear to have a dominant role in regulating dopamine release, with consequent effects on nAChR-modulated dopaminergic functions such as reinforcement and motor behavior.	Dopamine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
21718690-3	2011	Schizophrenic patients have low levels of alpha7*nAChR, as measured by binding of the ligand [(125)I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (I-BTX).	iberiotoxin	122-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-54
23256274-5	2011	The activation of the nAChR causes a twisting motion of the receptor, which opens a gate allowing for the passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium cations through the cell membrane.	Potassium	125-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
23256274-5	2011	The activation of the nAChR causes a twisting motion of the receptor, which opens a gate allowing for the passage of sodium, potassium, and calcium cations through the cell membrane.	Calcium	140-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
21633116-8	2011	Nicotine-exposed offspring presented nAChR upregulation during exposure in all brain regions, reduced HC-3 binding during and 11 days postexposure, and increased HC-3 binding on PN90.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
21703337-2	2011	A direct pharmacologic intervention at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach and promising in vitro and in vivo results were obtained with the bispyridinium compound SAD-128.	bispyridinium	202-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-75
21703337-2	2011	A direct pharmacologic intervention at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach and promising in vitro and in vivo results were obtained with the bispyridinium compound SAD-128.	bispyridinium	202-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
21703337-4	2011	We investigated the interaction of six of these SAD-128 analogues with the orthosteric binding site of the human alpha7 nAChR and Torpedo californica nAChR with a high-throughput assay using radioactive ligands.	SAD-128	48-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
21703337-4	2011	We investigated the interaction of six of these SAD-128 analogues with the orthosteric binding site of the human alpha7 nAChR and Torpedo californica nAChR with a high-throughput assay using radioactive ligands.	SAD-128	48-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-84
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-84
21742012-1	2011	Given the cognitive-promoting properties of the nicotinic acetylcholinergic receptor (nAChR) agonist, nicotine, the increased prevalence of smoke-inhaled nicotine in schizophrenia has been interpreted as an attempt to self-correct cognitive deficits, which have been particularly pronounced in the attentional domain.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21742012-2	2011	As glutamatergic abnormalities have been implicated in these attentional deficiencies, this study attempted to shed light on the separate and interactive roles of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and nAChR systems in the modulation of attention by investigating, in healthy volunteers, the separate and combined effects of nicotine and the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on neural and behavioural responses in a sustained attention task.	Nicotine	332-340	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
21742012-2	2011	As glutamatergic abnormalities have been implicated in these attentional deficiencies, this study attempted to shed light on the separate and interactive roles of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and nAChR systems in the modulation of attention by investigating, in healthy volunteers, the separate and combined effects of nicotine and the NMDAR antagonist ketamine on neural and behavioural responses in a sustained attention task.	Ketamine	366-374	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
21683344-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Several studies report association of alpha-4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (encoded by CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-110
21536968-6	2011	Main Outcome Measure  Changes induced by SHS in 2-FA specific binding volume of distribution as a measure of alpha(4)beta(2)* nAChR occupancy.	4-fluoroamphetamine	48-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
21536968-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine from SHS exposure results in substantial brain alpha(4)beta(2)* nAChR occupancy in smokers and nonsmokers.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
20953833-1	2011	The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), a transcription factor involved in the nicotine- and 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
20953833-1	2011	The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the estrogen receptor (ER), a transcription factor involved in the nicotine- and 17beta-estradiol (E2)-mediated up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression.	Estradiol	140-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
20953833-6	2011	In vitro promoter-binding assays demonstrated that the ER is a major transcription factor that mediates nicotine- and E2-induced up-regulation of alpha9-nAChR gene expression in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
20953833-7	2011	In conclusion, our data indicate that the ER plays a central role in mediating alpha9-nAChR gene up-regulation in response to either nicotine or E2 stimulation.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
21586512-4	2011	In both cell types, silencing CHRNA5 or inhibiting receptors containing nAChR alpha5 with alpha-conotoxin MII exerted a nicotine-like effect, with increased motility and invasiveness in vitro and increasing calcium influx.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21445957-1	2011	CHRNA4, the gene that encodes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha(4) subunit, is a potential candidate gene for nicotine dependence (ND).	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-6
21498873-3	2011	As the physiological effects of nicotine are mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), we aimed at examining whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in nAChR subunit (CHRN) genes, other than CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4 gene cluster previously showing association in our sample, are associated with smoking quantity or serum cotinine levels.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21498873-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence that the gamma-delta nAChR subunit gene region is associated with cotinine levels but not with the number of CPD, illustrating the usefulness of biomarkers in genetic analyses.	Cotinine	118-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
21795541-2	2011	One of the major subtypes expressed in brain, the alpha4beta2-nAChR, endogenously modulates neuronal excitability and thereby, modifies certain normal as well as nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	162-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
21795541-10	2011	This is the first work to develop a dopaminergic specific deletion of a nAChR subunit and examine resulting changes in nicotine-related behaviors.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
20554619-0	2011	The alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and MMP-2/-9 pathway mediate the proangiogenic effect of nicotine in human retinal endothelial cells.	Nicotine	101-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-43
20554619-8	2011	RESULTS: Nicotine-induced angiogenesis required nAChR function and was associated with the upregulation of MMP-2 and -9 in HRMECs.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20554619-10	2011	Treatment of HRMECs with alpha7-nAChR antagonists ablated nicotine-induced angiogenesis.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
20554619-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The alpha7-nAChR is vital for the proangiogenic activity of nicotine.	Nicotine	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
21498509-2	2011	One such drug, [(3)H]TDBzl-etomidate (4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)H]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), acts as a positive allosteric potentiator of Torpedo nACh receptor (nAChR) and binds to a novel site in the transmembrane domain at the gamma-alpha subunit interface.	[(3)h]tdbzl-etomidate	15-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-204
21498509-2	2011	One such drug, [(3)H]TDBzl-etomidate (4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)H]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), acts as a positive allosteric potentiator of Torpedo nACh receptor (nAChR) and binds to a novel site in the transmembrane domain at the gamma-alpha subunit interface.	[(3)h]tdbzl-etomidate	15-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
21498509-2	2011	One such drug, [(3)H]TDBzl-etomidate (4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)H]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), acts as a positive allosteric potentiator of Torpedo nACh receptor (nAChR) and binds to a novel site in the transmembrane domain at the gamma-alpha subunit interface.	4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3h-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)h]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate	38-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-204
21498509-2	2011	One such drug, [(3)H]TDBzl-etomidate (4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)H]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate), acts as a positive allosteric potentiator of Torpedo nACh receptor (nAChR) and binds to a novel site in the transmembrane domain at the gamma-alpha subunit interface.	4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-3h-diazirin-3-yl]benzyl-[(3)h]1-(1-phenylethyl)-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylate	38-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
21498509-4	2011	TFD-etomidate inhibited acetylcholine-induced currents with an IC(50) = 4 muM, whereas it inhibited the binding of [(3)H]phencyclidine to the Torpedo nAChR ion channel in the resting and desensitized states with IC(50) values of 2.5 and 0.7 mm, respectively.	CHEMBL2392771	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21498509-4	2011	TFD-etomidate inhibited acetylcholine-induced currents with an IC(50) = 4 muM, whereas it inhibited the binding of [(3)H]phencyclidine to the Torpedo nAChR ion channel in the resting and desensitized states with IC(50) values of 2.5 and 0.7 mm, respectively.	Etomidate	4-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21498509-4	2011	TFD-etomidate inhibited acetylcholine-induced currents with an IC(50) = 4 muM, whereas it inhibited the binding of [(3)H]phencyclidine to the Torpedo nAChR ion channel in the resting and desensitized states with IC(50) values of 2.5 and 0.7 mm, respectively.	[(3)h]phencyclidine	115-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21498509-8	2011	These results also suggest that the gamma-alpha subunit interface is a binding site for Torpedo nAChR negative allosteric modulators (TFD-etomidate) and for positive modulators (TDBzl-etomidate).	CHEMBL2392771	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
21498509-8	2011	These results also suggest that the gamma-alpha subunit interface is a binding site for Torpedo nAChR negative allosteric modulators (TFD-etomidate) and for positive modulators (TDBzl-etomidate).	Etomidate	138-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
21498509-8	2011	These results also suggest that the gamma-alpha subunit interface is a binding site for Torpedo nAChR negative allosteric modulators (TFD-etomidate) and for positive modulators (TDBzl-etomidate).	4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate	178-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
21444681-3	2011	In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that homopentameric nAChR inhibitors, such as methyllycaconitine and alpha-Bgtx, can attenuate nicotine-induced proliferative, angiogenic, and metastatic effects in lung, colon, and bladder cancer cells.	methyllycaconitine	93-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
21444681-3	2011	In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that homopentameric nAChR inhibitors, such as methyllycaconitine and alpha-Bgtx, can attenuate nicotine-induced proliferative, angiogenic, and metastatic effects in lung, colon, and bladder cancer cells.	alpha-bgtx	116-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
21444681-3	2011	In vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that homopentameric nAChR inhibitors, such as methyllycaconitine and alpha-Bgtx, can attenuate nicotine-induced proliferative, angiogenic, and metastatic effects in lung, colon, and bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
21444681-6	2011	For cancer therapy, natural compounds such as garcinol and EGCG have been found to block nicotine- and estrogen-induced breast cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of the alpha9-nAChR signaling pathway.	garcinol	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
21444681-6	2011	For cancer therapy, natural compounds such as garcinol and EGCG have been found to block nicotine- and estrogen-induced breast cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of the alpha9-nAChR signaling pathway.	epigallocatechin gallate	59-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
21444681-6	2011	For cancer therapy, natural compounds such as garcinol and EGCG have been found to block nicotine- and estrogen-induced breast cancer cell proliferation through inhibition of the alpha9-nAChR signaling pathway.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
21330654-13	2011	NT, which did not result in either cell death or proliferation, induced beta1 nAchR, upregulated VEGF, and downregulated PEDF expression through nAChR in ARPE-19 cells.	Nicotine	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
21341671-1	2011	Neonicotinoid agonists selectively act on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
21368748-5	2011	Varenicline (VAR), a high-affinity partial agonist at alpha(4)beta(2) and a lower affinity full agonist at alpha(7) neuronal nAChR, injected in doses of 1-5 mg/kg/s.c.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
21368748-7	2011	This upregulation of GAD(67) was abolished by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	67-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
21486776-2	2011	In this work we studied, using the patch clamp technique, the functional modulation of recombinant human alpha3beta4 nAChR by the A2A adenosine receptor, co-expressed in HEK cells.	Adenosine	134-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	UNII-042A8N37WH	154-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-78
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	UNII-042A8N37WH	154-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Glutamic Acid	162-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-78
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Glutamic Acid	162-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Rotenone	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-78
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Rotenone	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	187-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-78
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	187-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	206-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-78
23251750-3	2011	In this review article we present evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by beta amyloid (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	206-212	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
23251750-6	2011	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was also observed, and the effect was blocked not only by alpha7 but also by alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonists.	Rotenone	3-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
23251750-6	2011	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was also observed, and the effect was blocked not only by alpha7 but also by alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonists.	Rotenone	3-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
23251750-6	2011	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was also observed, and the effect was blocked not only by alpha7 but also by alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonists.	Oxidopamine	17-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
23251750-6	2011	In rotenone- and 6-OHDA-induced PD models, nAChR-mediated neuroprotection was also observed, and the effect was blocked not only by alpha7 but also by alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonists.	Oxidopamine	17-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
23251750-7	2011	We also document that nAChR stimulation blocks glutamate neurotoxicity in spinal cord motor neurons.	Glutamic Acid	47-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
21397497-1	2011	A series of azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogs has been discovered as potent and selective alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	azaaromatic	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
21397497-1	2011	A series of azaaromatic quaternary ammonium analogs has been discovered as potent and selective alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists.	quaternary ammonium	24-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
21341671-1	2011	Neonicotinoid agonists selectively act on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
21436053-3	2011	Previous studies have identified a series of nAChR-positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that lack agonist activity but are able to potentiate responses to orthosteric agonists, such as acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	186-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
21436053-1	2011	Conventional nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, such as acetylcholine, act at an extracellular "orthosteric" binding site located at the interface between two adjacent subunits.	Acetylcholine	23-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
21436053-4	2011	It has been shown, for example, that TQS acts as a conventional alpha7 nAChR PAM.	N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide	37-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
21436053-6	2011	Whereas the alpha7 nAChR antagonist metyllycaconitine acts competitively with conventional nicotinic agonists, metyllycaconitine is a noncompetitive antagonist of 4BP-TQS.	metyllycaconitine	36-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
21168537-8	2011	Furthermore, using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists blocked the majority of the nicotine effects, indicating that these changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
21241679-7	2011	Moreover, several GABA and ACh-related genes were predicted to be alternatively spliced in TS compared to HC including GABA receptors GABRA4 and GABRG1, the nicotinic ACh receptor CHRNA4 and cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF).	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	18-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-186
21241679-7	2011	Moreover, several GABA and ACh-related genes were predicted to be alternatively spliced in TS compared to HC including GABA receptors GABRA4 and GABRG1, the nicotinic ACh receptor CHRNA4 and cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF).	Acetylcholine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-186
21059985-9	2011	Reduction in nAChR antibody titer resulted in a decrease in orthostatic hypotension, an increased concentration of upright plasma norepinephrine, improvement in some sweat function, and improvement in symptoms.	Norepinephrine	130-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
21319801-0	2011	Synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine analogues and their effects on monoamine uptake, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function, and behavioral effects of nicotine.	2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine	13-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-143
21319801-1	2011	Toward development of smoking cessation aids superior to bupropion (2), we describe synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine analogues 5a-5h and their effects on inhibition of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin uptake, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, acute actions of nicotine, and nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP).	2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine	97-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-277
21319801-1	2011	Toward development of smoking cessation aids superior to bupropion (2), we describe synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine analogues 5a-5h and their effects on inhibition of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin uptake, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, acute actions of nicotine, and nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP).	2-(substituted phenyl)-3,5,5-trimethylmorpholine	97-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	279-284
21319801-2	2011	Several analogues encompassing aryl substitutions, N-alkylation, and alkyl extensions of the morpholine ring 3-methyl group provided analogues more potent in vitro than (S,S)-hydroxybupropion (4a) as inhibitors of dopamine or norepinephrine uptake and antagonists of nAChR function.	morpholine	93-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	267-272
21252236-4	2011	At 5-30 muM, ws-LYNX1 competed with (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to the acetylcholine-binding proteins (AChBPs) and to Torpedo nAChR.	Tungsten	13-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
21252236-7	2011	A common feature for ws-LYNX1 and LYNX1 is a decrease of nAChR sensitivity to high concentrations of acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	101-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
21252231-2	2011	The predominant nAChR subtype in the mammalian brain with a high affinity for nicotine is composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits.	Nicotine	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
21252231-3	2011	This nAChR subtype is responsible for addiction to nicotine and is thought to be implicated in Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases and therefore presents an important target for drug design.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
21370452-0	2011	Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine- and estrogen-induced alpha9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells.	Polyphenols	4-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-125
21370452-0	2011	Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine- and estrogen-induced alpha9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells.	epigallocatechin gallate	15-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-125
21370452-0	2011	Tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits nicotine- and estrogen-induced alpha9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor upregulation in human breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-125
21370452-3	2011	Luciferase promoter activity experiment was performed to test the alpha9-nAChR promoter activity affected by Nic, E2 or EGCG.	Estradiol	114-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
21370452-3	2011	Luciferase promoter activity experiment was performed to test the alpha9-nAChR promoter activity affected by Nic, E2 or EGCG.	epigallocatechin gallate	120-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
21370452-4	2011	The results indicate that treatment with EGCG (1 muM) profoundly decreases Nic- and E2-induced MCF-7 proliferation by down regulating alpha9-nAChR expression.	epigallocatechin gallate	41-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
21370452-5	2011	The alpha9-nAChR promoter activity is significantly induced by 24-h treatment with Nic (10 muM) or E2 (10 nM) (>1.8 and ~2.3-fold, respectively) in MCF-7 cells.	Nicotine	83-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
21370452-6	2011	Pretreatment with EGCG eliminated the Nic- and E2-induced alpha9-nAChR promoter-dependent luciferase activity.	epigallocatechin gallate	18-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
21370452-7	2011	We further demonstrate that combined treatment with EGCG profoundly inhibits [3H]-Nic/ alpha9-nAChR binding activity in breast cancer cells.	epigallocatechin gallate	52-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
21370452-7	2011	We further demonstrate that combined treatment with EGCG profoundly inhibits [3H]-Nic/ alpha9-nAChR binding activity in breast cancer cells.	Tritium	78-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
21370452-8	2011	CONCLUSIONS: We found that the EGCG could be used as an agent for blocking smoking (Nic)- or hormone (E2)-induced breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting of alpha9-nAChR signaling pathway.	epigallocatechin gallate	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
21290632-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	Cysteine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate	116-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	MTSET	166-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	Acetylcholine	47-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	methyl methanethiosulfonate	243-271	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	methyl methanethiosulfonate	273-277	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21115477-1	2011	Covalent modification of alpha7 W55C nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) with the cysteine-modifying reagent [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate (MTSET(+)) produces receptors that are unresponsive to acetylcholine, whereas methyl methanethiolsulfonate (MMTS) produces enhanced acetylcholine-gated currents.	Acetylcholine	220-233	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Strychnine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-176
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Strychnine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Tubocurarine	15-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-176
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Tubocurarine	15-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Tubocurarine	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-176
21468359-2	2011	Strychnine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC) are neurotoxins that have been highly instrumental in decades of research on glycine receptors (GlyR) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), respectively.	Tubocurarine	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Strychnine	45-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Tubocurarine	61-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	achbp	66-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Alanine	95-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Strychnine	272-282	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-7	2011	Based on the ligand interactions observed in strychnine- and d-TC-AChBP complexes we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis in the binding pocket of the human alpha1 GlyR and alpha7 nAChR and showed the functional relevance of these residues in conferring high potency of strychnine and d-TC, respectively.	Tubocurarine	287-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
21468359-8	2011	Our results demonstrate that a limited number of ligand interactions in the binding pocket together with an energetic stabilization of the extracellular domain are key to the poor selective recognition of strychnine and d-TC by CLRs as diverse as the GlyR, nAChR, and 5-HT(3)R.	Strychnine	205-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-262
21468359-8	2011	Our results demonstrate that a limited number of ligand interactions in the binding pocket together with an energetic stabilization of the extracellular domain are key to the poor selective recognition of strychnine and d-TC by CLRs as diverse as the GlyR, nAChR, and 5-HT(3)R.	Tubocurarine	220-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-262
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Alcohols	198-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21048701-3	2011	Recent human genetic association studies have implicated the gene cluster CHRNA3-CHRNA5-CHRNB4 encoding the alpha3, alpha5, and beta4 subunits of the nAChR in susceptibility to develop nicotine and alcohol dependence; however, their role in ethanol-mediated behaviors is unknown due to the lack of suitable and selective research tools.	Ethanol	241-248	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	150-155
21290632-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21290632-12	2004	4-[(11)C]Methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-4-carboxylate ([(11)C]CHIBA-1001) has been developed as a PET agent for the non-invasive study of alpha7 nAChR in the brain (13).	4-[(11)c]methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-4-carboxylate	0-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
21290632-13	2004	In this chapter, another alpha7 nAChR agonist, 4-[5-(4-[(18)F]fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-1,4-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane ([(18)F]NS10743) (14), is being evaluated for use as a PET imaging agent.	4-[5-(4-[(18)f]fluoro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl]-1,4-diaza-bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane	47-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
20229177-7	2011	Furthermore, we found that Nic-induced human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell proliferation was inhibited by 1 muM of garcinol (Gar), isolated from the edible fruit Garcinia indica, through down-regulation of alpha9-nAChR and cyclin D3 expression.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	215-220
21290621-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21290621-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21290621-12	2004	4-[(11)C]Methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo(3.2.2)nonane-4-carboxylate ([(11)C]CHIBA-1001) has been developed as a PET agent for the noninvasive study of alpha7 nAChR in the brain (14).	4-[(11)c]methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo(3.2.2)nonane-4-carboxylate	0-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
21290621-13	2004	In this chapter, another alpha7 nAChR agonist, 2-(5-[(11)C]methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-xanthene-9-one ([(11)C]A-844606) (15), is being evaluated as a useful PET imaging agent.	2-(5-[(11)c]methyl-hexahydro-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrol-2-yl)-xanthene-9-one	47-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
21290619-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21290619-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
21290619-12	2004	4-[(11)C]Methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo(3.2.2)nonane-4-carboxylate ([(11)C]CHIBA-1001) has been developed as a PET agent for the noninvasive study of alpha7 nAChR in the brain (14).	4-[(11)c]methylphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo(3.2.2)nonane-4-carboxylate	0-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
21290619-13	2004	In this chapter, another alpha7 nAChR agonist, 2-[(11)C]methyl-5-[6-phenylpyridazine-3-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole ([(11)C]A-582941) (15), is being evaluated as a useful PET imaging agent.	2-[(11)c]methyl-5-[6-phenylpyridazine-3-yl]octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole	47-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
20229177-7	2011	Furthermore, we found that Nic-induced human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell proliferation was inhibited by 1 muM of garcinol (Gar), isolated from the edible fruit Garcinia indica, through down-regulation of alpha9-nAChR and cyclin D3 expression.	garcinol	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	215-220
22085699-6	2011	METHODS: Using human benign MCF10A and malignant MDA-MB-231 breast cells and specific inhibitors of possible downstream kinases, we identified nAChR effectors that were activated by treatment with nicotine.	Nicotine	197-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
22085699-9	2011	After the ligation of nAChR with nicotine, EGFR was shown to be activated and then internalized in both MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
20229177-8	2011	These results suggest that alpha9-nAChR-mediated cyclin D3 overexpression is important for nicotine-induced transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22085699-11	2011	We further demonstrated that through Src, the ligation of nicotine with nAChR stimulated the EGFR/ERK1/2 pathway for the activation of E2F1 and further cell progression.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
21691078-0	2011	Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression through a alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kB pathway in HBE16 airway epithelial cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
22085699-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals the existence of a potential, regulatory network governed by the interaction of nicotine and nAChR that integrates the conventional, mitogenic Src and EGFR signals for breast cancer development.	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
21691078-11	2011	CONCLUSION: Nicotine reduces TNF-alpha expression in HBE16 airway epithelial cells, mainly through an alpha7 nAChR/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
21097981-2	2011	METHODS: We evaluated heteromeric nAChR regulation via [3H]epibatidine binding following cessation of chronic nicotine or varenicline treatment.	Epibatidine	55-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
21110812-6	2011	A number of studies suggest that brain nAChR are critical targets for the development of pharmacotherapy for nicotine and other drug addictions.	Nicotine	109-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
21110812-7	2011	In this review, we will discuss the nAChR subtypes, their function in response to endogenous brain transmitters, and how their functions are regulated in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
21093112-4	2011	Modeling the inhibitor-nAChR complexes by molecular docking studies explained the structure-activity relationships observed in vitro, and revealed an intriguing molecular binding mode at the active site of nAChR, which raised the possibility that these analogues may arbitrate their insecticidal activity through a mechanism other than imidacloprid.	imidacloprid	336-348	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
21093112-4	2011	Modeling the inhibitor-nAChR complexes by molecular docking studies explained the structure-activity relationships observed in vitro, and revealed an intriguing molecular binding mode at the active site of nAChR, which raised the possibility that these analogues may arbitrate their insecticidal activity through a mechanism other than imidacloprid.	imidacloprid	336-348	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Glutamic Acid	157-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Glutamic Acid	157-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Rotenone	168-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Rotenone	168-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	182-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	182-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	201-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
21403387-2	2011	This review article presents evidence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated protection against neurotoxicity induced by amyloid-beta (Abeta), glutamate, rotenone, and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the signal transduction involved in this mechanism.	Oxidopamine	201-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
21187334-3	2011	This study visualizes and quantifies the subcellular mechanisms involved in nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation by using transfected fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged alpha4 nAChR subunits and an FP-tagged Sec24D endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site marker.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
21187334-8	2011	The alpha4beta2(enhanced-ER-export) nAChR resembles nicotine-exposed nAChRs with regard to stoichiometry, intracellular mobility, ERES enhancement, and PM localization.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
21187334-10	2011	The experimental data are simulated with a model incorporating two mechanisms: (1) nicotine acts as a stabilizing pharmacological chaperone for nascent alpha4beta2 nAChRs in the ER, eventually increasing PM receptors despite a bottleneck(s) in ER export; and (2) removal of the bottleneck (e.g., by expression of the beta2(enhanced-ER-export) subunit) is sufficient to increase PM nAChR numbers, even without nicotine.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
21097981-2	2011	METHODS: We evaluated heteromeric nAChR regulation via [3H]epibatidine binding following cessation of chronic nicotine or varenicline treatment.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
21097981-2	2011	METHODS: We evaluated heteromeric nAChR regulation via [3H]epibatidine binding following cessation of chronic nicotine or varenicline treatment.	Varenicline	122-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
22125646-8	2011	These results suggested that alpha9 nAChR plays important roles in regulation of bronchial cell growth by endogenous acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine, and susceptibility to NNK-induced carcinogenic transformation.	Acetylcholine	117-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
22125646-8	2011	These results suggested that alpha9 nAChR plays important roles in regulation of bronchial cell growth by endogenous acetylcholine and exogenous nicotine, and susceptibility to NNK-induced carcinogenic transformation.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
21199776-4	2011	The current review summarizes the important preclinical and clinical data, demonstrating the ability of nAChR ligands to modulate nicotine and alcohol-induced biobehavioral and neurochemical changes in laboratory animals and humans.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
22073194-1	2011	The NCS protein Visinin-like Protein 1 (VILIP-1) transduces calcium signals in the brain and serves as an effector of the non-retinal receptor guanylyl cyclases (GCs) GC-A and GC-B, and nicotinic acetyl choline receptors (nAchR).	Calcium	60-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-220
22073194-1	2011	The NCS protein Visinin-like Protein 1 (VILIP-1) transduces calcium signals in the brain and serves as an effector of the non-retinal receptor guanylyl cyclases (GCs) GC-A and GC-B, and nicotinic acetyl choline receptors (nAchR).	Calcium	60-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	222-227
21199776-4	2011	The current review summarizes the important preclinical and clinical data, demonstrating the ability of nAChR ligands to modulate nicotine and alcohol-induced biobehavioral and neurochemical changes in laboratory animals and humans.	Alcohols	143-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20875851-2	2010	Here we have investigated whether the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist PNU282987 can prevent cell death once the cells have already undergone an oxidative stress.	PNU-282987	94-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
21058296-4	2011	Critical protein-sugar interactions implicate residues Ser187 and Trp184 of nAChR and Thr6, Ser9, and Thr15 of alpha-Btx, as well as Thr6 and Pro7 of alpha-Cbtx.	Sugars	17-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
20946306-0	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline increases the ataxic and sedative-hypnotic effects of acute ethanol administration in C57BL/6J mice.	Varenicline	53-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
20946306-0	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline increases the ataxic and sedative-hypnotic effects of acute ethanol administration in C57BL/6J mice.	Ethanol	125-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
20946306-2	2010	Recently, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in both humans and animal models.	Varenicline	71-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-46
20946306-2	2010	Recently, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in both humans and animal models.	Varenicline	71-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20946306-2	2010	Recently, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in both humans and animal models.	Ethanol	110-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-46
20946306-2	2010	Recently, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline has been shown to decrease ethanol consumption in both humans and animal models.	Ethanol	110-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20696214-1	2010	Genome-wide association studies have underscored the importance of the clustered neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes with respect to nicotine dependence as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-122
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	alkylene	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-99
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	alkylene	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	bis-imi	22-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-99
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	bis-imi	22-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	chloropyridine	120-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-99
20973548-2	2010	The alkylene-tethered bis-IMI binds in a unique mode to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) wherein the chloropyridine moieties are embraced by two distinct and distant domains.	chloropyridine	120-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
20973548-6	2010	The nAChR structural model, simulating the binding site interactions of the furan-2,5-dimethylene-tethered bis-IMI, reveals that the furan ring is nestled in a hydrophobic pocket, consisting of three aromatic amino acids, and is stabilized via hydrogen bonding.	furan-2,5-dimethylene	76-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
20973548-6	2010	The nAChR structural model, simulating the binding site interactions of the furan-2,5-dimethylene-tethered bis-IMI, reveals that the furan ring is nestled in a hydrophobic pocket, consisting of three aromatic amino acids, and is stabilized via hydrogen bonding.	bis-imi	107-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
20973548-6	2010	The nAChR structural model, simulating the binding site interactions of the furan-2,5-dimethylene-tethered bis-IMI, reveals that the furan ring is nestled in a hydrophobic pocket, consisting of three aromatic amino acids, and is stabilized via hydrogen bonding.	furan	76-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
20973548-6	2010	The nAChR structural model, simulating the binding site interactions of the furan-2,5-dimethylene-tethered bis-IMI, reveals that the furan ring is nestled in a hydrophobic pocket, consisting of three aromatic amino acids, and is stabilized via hydrogen bonding.	Amino Acids, Aromatic	200-220	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
20973548-6	2010	The nAChR structural model, simulating the binding site interactions of the furan-2,5-dimethylene-tethered bis-IMI, reveals that the furan ring is nestled in a hydrophobic pocket, consisting of three aromatic amino acids, and is stabilized via hydrogen bonding.	Hydrogen	244-252	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
21267696-10	2010	Both nAChR inhibitors also abolished the upregulation of hBD-2 by nicotine.	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
20696214-1	2010	Genome-wide association studies have underscored the importance of the clustered neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes with respect to nicotine dependence as well as lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
20696214-2	2010	CHRNB4, which encodes the nAChR beta4 subunit, plays a major role in the molecular mechanisms that govern nicotine withdrawal.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
20849857-6	2010	Specifically, we used (125)I-labeled epibatidine binding to assay brain nicotinic receptor containing 4alpha and 2beta subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR), since this nicotinic receptor subtype has been shown previously to be sensitive to other estrogens.	epibatidine	37-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
20725741-0	2010	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes on chromosome 15q25.1 are associated with nicotine and opioid dependence severity.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-179
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno(1,2-b)pyrrole	200-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Alcohols	65-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-179
20725741-1	2010	A locus on chromosome 15q25.1 previously implicated in nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine dependence, smoking, and lung cancer encodes subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expressed in the mesolimbic system and thought to mediate substance dependence.	Alcohols	65-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno(1,2-b)pyrrole	116-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno(1,2-b)pyrrole	116-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno(1,2-b)pyrrole	200-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
20736995-1	2010	Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes have previously been associated with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-81
20736995-1	2010	Common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes have previously been associated with measures of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	pcp	257-260	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
20822184-0	2010	Chemistry and pharmacological characterization of novel nitrogen analogues of AMOP-H-OH (Sazetidine-A, 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) as alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial agonists.	Nitrogen	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-205
20633568-1	2010	In this study, we compared the in vitro and in vivo neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) properties of 1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno[1,2,-b]pyrrole (HDMP, 4) to that of negative allosteric modulator (NAM), PCP.	pcp	257-260	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
20633568-6	2010	All together, our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that HDMP is a novel NAM of neuronal nAChRs with potent inhibitory activity at alpha7 nAChR subtype at concentrations <= 1muM that are not effective for alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChRs.	1,2,3,3a,4,8b-hexahydro-2-benzyl-6-N,N-dimethylamino-1-methylindeno(1,2-b)pyrrole	57-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
20708605-8	2010	The secreted Abeta was decreased and alphaAPPs was significantly increased by non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine (10 muM) and specific alpha7 nAChR agonist GTS-21 (1 muM), and APP expression was not affected.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20708605-9	2010	Furthermore, specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) reversed the alterations induced by activation of alpha7 nAChR.	methyllycaconitine	46-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
20708605-9	2010	Furthermore, specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) reversed the alterations induced by activation of alpha7 nAChR.	methyllycaconitine	46-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
20822184-0	2010	Chemistry and pharmacological characterization of novel nitrogen analogues of AMOP-H-OH (Sazetidine-A, 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) as alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial agonists.	amop-h-oh	78-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-205
20708605-9	2010	Furthermore, specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) reversed the alterations induced by activation of alpha7 nAChR.	methyllycaconitine	66-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
20708605-9	2010	Furthermore, specific alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA) reversed the alterations induced by activation of alpha7 nAChR.	methyllycaconitine	66-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
20822184-0	2010	Chemistry and pharmacological characterization of novel nitrogen analogues of AMOP-H-OH (Sazetidine-A, 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) as alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial agonists.	sazetidine-A	89-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-205
20822184-0	2010	Chemistry and pharmacological characterization of novel nitrogen analogues of AMOP-H-OH (Sazetidine-A, 6-[5-(azetidin-2-ylmethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]hex-5-yn-1-ol) as alpha4beta2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective partial agonists.	SCHEMBL2843467	103-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-205
20822184-2	2010	Herein we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of members of a new series of 3-alkoxy-5-aminopyridine derivatives that display good selectivity for the alpha4beta2-nAChR subtype based on ligand binding and functional evaluations.	3-alkoxy-5-aminopyridine	92-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20822184-5	2010	Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses suggest that the introduction of additional substituents to the amino group present on the pyridine ring of the N-demethylated analogue of compound 17 can provide potent alpha4beta2-nAChR-selective ligands for possible use in treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders including depression.	pyridine	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	229-234
20828128-2	2010	To guide future fragment-screening using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technology as a label-free, direct binding, biophysical screening assay, a focused fragment library was generated based on deconstruction of a set of alpha7 nAChR selective quinuclidine containing ligands with nanomolar affinities.	Quinuclidines	256-268	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	240-245
20727979-5	2010	We found that the effects of nicotine on trace and contextual fear conditioning vary by brain region and nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
20930482-3	2010	In addition, we unexpectedly found that the galantamine-induced improvements in PPI deficits were prevented by the muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonists scopolamine and telenzepine (preferential for M(1) subtype), but not by the nAChR antagonists.	Galantamine	44-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
20930482-3	2010	In addition, we unexpectedly found that the galantamine-induced improvements in PPI deficits were prevented by the muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonists scopolamine and telenzepine (preferential for M(1) subtype), but not by the nAChR antagonists.	telenzepine	175-186	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
20704351-3	2010	Relative to etomidate, TFD-etomidate was a more potent inhibitor of the excitatory receptors, nAChR (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) ((alpha1)(2)beta1delta1gamma1) and 5-HT(3A)R (serotonin type 3A receptor), causing significant inhibition at anesthetic concentrations.	CHEMBL2392771	23-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
20661501-0	2010	The role of structured water in mediating general anesthetic action on alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Water	23-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
20661501-5	2010	At the majority of binding sites in alpha4beta2 nAChR, halothane replaced the slow-exchanging water molecules and caused a regional water population decrease.	Halothane	55-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20661501-5	2010	At the majority of binding sites in alpha4beta2 nAChR, halothane replaced the slow-exchanging water molecules and caused a regional water population decrease.	Water	94-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20661501-5	2010	At the majority of binding sites in alpha4beta2 nAChR, halothane replaced the slow-exchanging water molecules and caused a regional water population decrease.	Water	132-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
20733118-12	2010	CONCLUSION: The alpha9-nAChR is important for nicotine-induced transformation of normal human breast epithelial cells.	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
20704351-3	2010	Relative to etomidate, TFD-etomidate was a more potent inhibitor of the excitatory receptors, nAChR (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) ((alpha1)(2)beta1delta1gamma1) and 5-HT(3A)R (serotonin type 3A receptor), causing significant inhibition at anesthetic concentrations.	Etomidate	27-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
20704351-5	2010	[(3)H]TFD-etomidate photolabeled the alpha-subunit of the nAChR in a manner allosterically regulated by agonists and noncompetitive inhibitors.	Etomidate	10-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
20598018-2	2010	This frequency-dependent inhibition is because of nicotine desensitizing heteromeric beta2 subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
19803686-0	2010	The association between dopamine DRD2 polymorphisms and working memory capacity is modulated by a functional polymorphism on the nicotinic receptor gene CHRNA4.	Dopamine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-159
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20598018-4	2010	This inhibition was replicated by application of alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or alpha-bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	methyllcaconitine citrate	74-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Dopamine	127-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20598018-4	2010	This inhibition was replicated by application of alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or alpha-bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Nicotine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20598018-3	2010	Surprisingly, a high dose of nicotine (2 muM; capable of interacting with additional nAChR subtypes) produced an inhibition of dopamine evoked by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was not seen with the low dose of nicotine or the beta2 antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide	257-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
20598018-4	2010	This inhibition was replicated by application of alpha7 nAChR antagonists methyllcaconitine citrate or alpha-bungarotoxin in conjunction with the low dose of nicotine or dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide.	Dihydro-beta-erythroidine hydrobromide	170-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
20551292-4	2010	During calcium accumulation assays, these NAMs inhibited nAChR activation with IC(50) values ranging from 2.4 microM to more than 100 microM.	Calcium	7-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
20504915-2	2010	In this study, we describe the in vitro profile of a novel selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, 5-(6-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-3-yloxy]pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole (ABT-107).	5-(6-(1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)oct-3-yloxy)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole	91-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
20340174-1	2010	Ethanol associated behaviors have been linked to the beta(2)-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (beta(2)*-nAChR); however, there is conflicting evidence on ethanol-induced changes in nAChR expression during and after chronic ethanol consumption.	Ethanol	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-129
20504915-2	2010	In this study, we describe the in vitro profile of a novel selective alpha7 nAChR agonist, 5-(6-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2,2,2]oct-3-yloxy]pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole (ABT-107).	5-(6-(1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)oct-3-yloxy)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole	160-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
20504915-5	2010	ABT-107 potently evoked human and rat alpha7 nAChR current responses in oocytes (EC(50), 50-90 nM total charge, approximately 80% normalized to acetylcholine) that were enhanced by the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) 4-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-benzenesulfonamide (A-867744).	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
20504915-8	2010	In the presence of an alpha7 PAM [A-867744 or N-[(3R)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl]-4-chlorobenzamide hydrochloride (PNU-120596)], the addition of ABT-107 elicited MLA-sensitive alpha7 nAChR-mediated Ca(2+) signals in IMR-32 cells and rat cortical cultures and enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in differentiated PC-12 cells.	n-[(3r)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl	46-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
20504915-10	2010	In summary, ABT-107 is a selective high affinity alpha7 nAChR agonist suitable for characterizing the roles of this subtype in pharmacological studies.	5-(6-(1-azabicyclo(2,2,2)oct-3-yloxy)pyridazin-3-yl)-1H-indole	12-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
20614106-5	2010	Preclinical studies have suggested antidepressant-like effects of drugs targeting nAChRs, with the most consistent results observed with alpha4beta2 nAChR modulators such as varenicline and nonspecific nAChR antagonists such as mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	228-240	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
20340174-6	2010	Prolonged withdrawal from chronic ethanol consumption is associated with a decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	Ethanol	34-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
20340174-1	2010	Ethanol associated behaviors have been linked to the beta(2)-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (beta(2)*-nAChR); however, there is conflicting evidence on ethanol-induced changes in nAChR expression during and after chronic ethanol consumption.	Ethanol	174-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
20340174-5	2010	The percent decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability from baseline to 5-13 wks withdrawal in the parietal cortex was negatively correlated with total grams of ethanol consumed in lifetime and in the midbrain was negatively correlated with average daily ethanol consumption (g/kg).	Ethanol	158-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	Alcohols	61-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	Alcohols	61-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
20340174-5	2010	The percent decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability from baseline to 5-13 wks withdrawal in the parietal cortex was negatively correlated with total grams of ethanol consumed in lifetime and in the midbrain was negatively correlated with average daily ethanol consumption (g/kg).	Ethanol	252-259	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	Alcohols	124-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
20616056-5	2010	Here we use unnatural amino acid mutagenesis coupled with agonist analogs to examine whether such a hydrogen bond is functionally significant in the alpha4beta2 neuronal nAChR, the receptor most associated with nicotine addiction.	Hydrogen	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	Alcohols	124-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	beta(2)	16-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
20340174-7	2010	The decrease in beta(2)*-nAChR availability is influenced by alcohol consumption, suggesting the chronicity and severity of alcohol consumption may underlie persistent changes in beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	beta(2)	16-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
20660787-0	2010	Multiple binding sites for the general anesthetic isoflurane identified in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transmembrane domain.	Isoflurane	50-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-111
20660787-1	2010	An extensive search for isoflurane binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the proton gated ion channel from Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC) has been carried out based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in fully hydrated lipid membrane environments.	Isoflurane	24-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-88
20660787-1	2010	An extensive search for isoflurane binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the proton gated ion channel from Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC) has been carried out based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in fully hydrated lipid membrane environments.	Isoflurane	24-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
20660787-3	2010	Specifically, isoflurane binds persistently to three classes of sites in the nAChR transmembrane domain: (i) An isoflurane dimer occludes the pore, contacting residues identified by previous mutagenesis studies; analogous behavior is observed in GLIC.	Isoflurane	14-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
20660787-3	2010	Specifically, isoflurane binds persistently to three classes of sites in the nAChR transmembrane domain: (i) An isoflurane dimer occludes the pore, contacting residues identified by previous mutagenesis studies; analogous behavior is observed in GLIC.	Isoflurane	112-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
20660787-5	2010	(iii) Isoflurane binds to the subunit centers of both nAChR alpha chains and one of the GLIC chains, in a site that has had little experimental targeting.	Isoflurane	6-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
20660383-10	2010	At approximately 6 h after the start of the infusion, three 30-min SPECT scans and a 15-min transmission-emission scan were acquired to obtain baseline beta(2)*-nAChR availability.	beta(2)*	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
20426799-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: The C-terminal tail of P2X2 receptors mediates cross-inhibition between alpha3beta4 nAChR-P2X2 receptors.	Adenosine Monophosphate	13-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
20616056-5	2010	Here we use unnatural amino acid mutagenesis coupled with agonist analogs to examine whether such a hydrogen bond is functionally significant in the alpha4beta2 neuronal nAChR, the receptor most associated with nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	211-219	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	194-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
20515764-8	2010	Microscopy analysis of lymphocytes structure showed a direct relationship between their size, their a-7 nAChR expression, and calcium release upon nicotine stimulation.	Nicotine	147-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20400469-2	2010	Although few animal studies have assessed the role of the alpha5 nAChR in nicotine-mediated behaviors, recent evidence suggests an association between polymorphisms in the alpha5 nAChR gene and nicotine dependence phenotypes in humans.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20509659-5	2010	The results suggest that compounds acting via some combination of DA, NE, or 5HT inhibition and/or antagonism of alpha4beta2-nAChR can potentially be new pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	192-200	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
20515764-9	2010	Then, this relationship suggested that lymphocytes need a prime activation to express the a-7 nAChR, and therefore to release calcium in response to nicotine.	Calcium	126-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
20515764-9	2010	Then, this relationship suggested that lymphocytes need a prime activation to express the a-7 nAChR, and therefore to release calcium in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	149-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
20393456-4	2010	The PPI-enhancing effects of nicotine in rodents are strain dependent, suggesting a genetic contribution to PPI within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
20105082-3	2010	Dihydrobetaerythroidine (antagonist of heteromeric nAChR), and hexamethonium (antagonist of peripheral nAChR), fully antagonized the effect of MDMA.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	0-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
20105082-3	2010	Dihydrobetaerythroidine (antagonist of heteromeric nAChR), and hexamethonium (antagonist of peripheral nAChR), fully antagonized the effect of MDMA.	Hexamethonium	63-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
20105082-3	2010	Dihydrobetaerythroidine (antagonist of heteromeric nAChR), and hexamethonium (antagonist of peripheral nAChR), fully antagonized the effect of MDMA.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	143-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
20105082-3	2010	Dihydrobetaerythroidine (antagonist of heteromeric nAChR), and hexamethonium (antagonist of peripheral nAChR), fully antagonized the effect of MDMA.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	143-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
20114055-2	2010	Among known subtypes of receptors, alpha 4 beta 2* and alpha 6 beta 2*-nAChR have the highest affinity for nicotine (where * indicates possibility of other subunits).	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
20114055-5	2010	alpha 4 beta 2*-nAChR also modulate GABA release in these areas.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	36-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
20393456-4	2010	The PPI-enhancing effects of nicotine in rodents are strain dependent, suggesting a genetic contribution to PPI within the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
20100906-9	2010	The properties of cytisine-related compounds are similar for mouse, rat, and human nAChR, except that varenicline produced greater residual inhibition of mouse alpha4beta2 receptors than with human receptors.	cytisine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
20223446-0	2010	Nicotine restores endothelial dysfunction caused by excess sFlt1 and sEng in an in vitro model of preeclamptic vascular endothelium: a possible therapeutic role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-196
20223446-0	2010	Nicotine restores endothelial dysfunction caused by excess sFlt1 and sEng in an in vitro model of preeclamptic vascular endothelium: a possible therapeutic role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists for preeclampsia.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
20304984-2	2010	Changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit composition may alter electrophysiologic, pharmacologic, and metabolic characteristics of the receptor inducing hyperkalemia on exposure to succinylcholine.	Succinylcholine	200-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-43
20304984-2	2010	Changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit composition may alter electrophysiologic, pharmacologic, and metabolic characteristics of the receptor inducing hyperkalemia on exposure to succinylcholine.	Succinylcholine	200-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
20400893-2	2010	Although numerous studies have shown that high-affinity beta2-containing nAChRs are necessary for the nicotine-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning, it is unknown whether other high-affinity nAChR agonists are capable of enhancing this learning.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
20309583-6	2010	In vivo, an experimental periodontitis rat model was established, and the effects of nicotine/alpha-Btx administration on expression of alpha 7 nAChR and development of periodontitis were evaluated.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
20309583-8	2010	The expressions of alpha 7 nAChR and IL-1 beta were significantly increased by nicotine administration, whereas alpha-Btx treatment partially suppressed these effects.	Nicotine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
20153815-0	2010	Telithromycin blocks neuromuscular transmission and inhibits nAChR currents in vitro.	telithromycin	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
20331614-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The data provide a plausible explanation for the higher abstinence rate in smoking cessation trials following treatment with varenicline than with the two other alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonists.	Varenicline	155-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
20147893-6	2010	Electrochemical recordings of prefrontal cholinergic transients evoked by S 38232 and nicotine indicated that the alpha4beta2(*) nAChR agonist evoked cholinergic transients that were characterized by a faster rise time and more rapid decay than those evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
19479336-0	2010	Computational analysis of the binding ability of heterocyclic and conformationally constrained epibatidine analogs in the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	epibatidine	95-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
19479336-2	2010	In this study, we describe a computational approach aimed at estimating the binding ability of epibatidine analogs to interact with the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and get insights into the bioactive conformation.	epibatidine	95-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-177
19479336-2	2010	In this study, we describe a computational approach aimed at estimating the binding ability of epibatidine analogs to interact with the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and get insights into the bioactive conformation.	epibatidine	95-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
20147893-6	2010	Electrochemical recordings of prefrontal cholinergic transients evoked by S 38232 and nicotine indicated that the alpha4beta2(*) nAChR agonist evoked cholinergic transients that were characterized by a faster rise time and more rapid decay than those evoked by nicotine.	Nicotine	261-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
20106947-0	2010	Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells.	Nicotine	10-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
20116429-4	2010	These alkaloids and their enantiomers were more effective in depolarizing TE-671 cells which express the human fetal-muscle type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) relative to SH-SY5Y cells which predominately express autonomic nAChRs.	Alkaloids	6-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
20371741-1	2010	INTRODUCTION: Nicotine and tobacco smoking administration have demonstrated antinociceptive effects that are mediated by the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor containing the beta2* subunit (beta(2)*-nAChR).	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
20167427-4	2010	Nonselective nAChR agonists ABT-594 and varenicline were effective analgesics.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	28-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
19303028-9	2010	SIGNIFICANCE: The continuous efforts of radiomedicinal chemists led to the development of several interesting PET radioligands for imaging of nAChR including [(18)F]AZAN, a potentially superior alternative to 2-[(18)F]FA.	Azaguanine	165-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
20373480-1	2010	Varenicline, alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, is a new class of medications for treating nicotine dependence.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
20373480-1	2010	Varenicline, alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist, is a new class of medications for treating nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
20373480-2	2010	As an alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist, varenicline serves to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms, while high-affinity binding of the agonist mitigates the reinforcing effects of smoking.	Varenicline	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
20167427-4	2010	Nonselective nAChR agonists ABT-594 and varenicline were effective analgesics.	Varenicline	40-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
20303856-6	2010	Although dianionic PA does not play a role in nAChR function, we found that both the stabilization of monoanionic PA and the concentration of other cations at the bilayer surface can account for changes in bilayer physical properties that are observed upon incorporation of the nAChR into 3:2 PC/PA membranes.	Phosphatidylcholines	293-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	278-283
20004742-7	2010	Upregulation of IL-10 production by auto/paracrine ACh was mediated predominantly through alpha7 nAChR.	Acetylcholine	51-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	70-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	70-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	70-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	70-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	89-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	89-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	89-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	140-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	140-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	140-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20303856-1	2010	Interactions between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and phosphatidic acid (PA) are bidirectional in that membranes containing PA are effective at stabilizing an agonist-responsive nAChR, whereas incorporation of the nAChR into the same membranes leads to a substantial increase in lipid lateral packing density.	Phosphatidic Acids	140-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
20007924-1	2010	RATIONALE: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on chromosome 15q24/25 as a risk for nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
20007924-1	2010	RATIONALE: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) on chromosome 15q24/25 as a risk for nicotine dependence, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
19959340-0	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist varenicline and the treatment of drug dependence: a review.	Varenicline	53-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Alcohols	93-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Alcohols	93-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Cocaine	129-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19959340-3	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) plays an important role in nicotine dependence, alcohol consumption and cue-induced cocaine craving.	Cocaine	129-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
19959340-5	2010	Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist and an alpha7 nAChR full agonist registered for the treatment of nicotine dependence, significantly reduces nicotine craving and prevents relapse.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
19959340-5	2010	Varenicline, an alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist and an alpha7 nAChR full agonist registered for the treatment of nicotine dependence, significantly reduces nicotine craving and prevents relapse.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
19896527-10	2010	These findings provide evidence that early postnatal exposure to nicotine significantly affects nAChR subunit expressions in the developing brainstem.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
20146581-3	2010	Experimental evidence indicates that the alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha(7)nAChR) stimulates PDAC via stress neurotransmitter-mediated activation of beta-adrenergic signaling while the alpha(4)beta(2)nAChR inhibits PDAC via GABA-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activation.	pdac	110-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20146581-3	2010	Experimental evidence indicates that the alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha(7)nAChR) stimulates PDAC via stress neurotransmitter-mediated activation of beta-adrenergic signaling while the alpha(4)beta(2)nAChR inhibits PDAC via GABA-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activation.	pdac	110-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	217-222
20146581-3	2010	Experimental evidence indicates that the alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha(7)nAChR) stimulates PDAC via stress neurotransmitter-mediated activation of beta-adrenergic signaling while the alpha(4)beta(2)nAChR inhibits PDAC via GABA-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activation.	pdac	232-236	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20146581-3	2010	Experimental evidence indicates that the alpha(7)-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha(7)nAChR) stimulates PDAC via stress neurotransmitter-mediated activation of beta-adrenergic signaling while the alpha(4)beta(2)nAChR inhibits PDAC via GABA-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activation.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	241-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
19896527-2	2010	We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-99
19896527-2	2010	We tested the hypothesis that nicotine increases expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha7 and beta2 in a piglet model.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
19921817-5	2010	On the other hand, combined treatment with luteolin (Lut, 0.5 microM) and quercetin (Que, 0.5 microM) profoundly decreased MDA-MB-231 proliferation by down-regulating alpha9-nAChR expression.	Quercetin	74-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
20049590-4	2010	Based on predictions arising from the mechanism of receptor inhibition by MK-801 and cocaine, we developed two classes of RNA aptamers: class I members, which inhibit the nAChR, and class II members, which alleviate inhibition of the receptor by MK-801 and cocaine.	Dizocilpine Maleate	74-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	171-176
20049590-7	2010	We demonstrate that a truncated class I aptamer containing a sequence of seven nucleotides inhibits the nAChR and that a truncated class II aptamer containing a sequence of only four nucleotides can alleviate MK-801 inhibition.	Dizocilpine Maleate	209-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
20124469-2	2010	Nicotine addiction begins with the binding of nicotine to its cognate receptor, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	46-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
20124469-3	2010	Genome-wide association studies have implicated the nAChR gene cluster, CHRNA5/A3/B4, in nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19901032-3	2010	They are characterized by a conserved two-disulfide bond framework, which gives rise to two intervening loops of extensively mutated amino acids that determine their selectivity for different nAChR subtypes.	Disulfides	42-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
19901032-5	2010	A positional scan synthetic combinatorial library was constructed based on the three residues of the n-loop of alpha-conotoxin ImI to give a total of 10,648 possible combinations that were screened for functional activity in an alpha(7) nAChR Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay, allowing amino acids that confer antagonistic activity for this receptor to be identified.	Fluo 4	243-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	237-242
20014754-0	2010	Higher susceptibility to halothane modulation in open- than in closed-channel alpha4beta2 nAChR revealed by molecular dynamics simulations.	Halothane	25-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
20014754-12	2010	The study concludes that sensitivity and global dynamics responsiveness of alpha4beta2 nAChR to halothane are conformation dependent.	Halothane	96-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
19923442-1	2010	The use of PNU-120596 [1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-urea], a positive allosteric modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), may be beneficial for enhancing cholinergic therapies.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	11-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
19923442-1	2010	The use of PNU-120596 [1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)-urea], a positive allosteric modulator of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), may be beneficial for enhancing cholinergic therapies.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	23-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
19923442-3	2010	In the presence of PNU-120596, subthreshold (i.e., inactive) physiological concentrations of choline ( approximately 10 microM) elicited repetitive step-like whole-cell responses reminiscent of single ion channel openings that were reversibly blocked by 20 nM methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	19-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	299-304
19923442-3	2010	In the presence of PNU-120596, subthreshold (i.e., inactive) physiological concentrations of choline ( approximately 10 microM) elicited repetitive step-like whole-cell responses reminiscent of single ion channel openings that were reversibly blocked by 20 nM methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Choline	93-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	299-304
19923442-6	2010	In the presence of PNU-120596 in current clamp, transient step-like depolarizations ( approximately 5 mV) enhanced neuronal excitability and triggered voltage-gated conductances; a single opening of an alpha7-containing nAChR channel appeared to transiently depolarize the entire neuron and facilitate spontaneous firing.	1-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)urea	19-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	220-225
19961216-1	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a member of the important Cys loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily that modulates neuronal excitability.	Cysteine	74-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
19961216-1	2010	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a member of the important Cys loop ligand-gated ion channel superfamily that modulates neuronal excitability.	Cysteine	74-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
19961216-3	2010	We monitored structural changes occurring during fast and slow desensitization in the transmembrane domain of the Torpedo nAChR using time-resolved photolabeling with the hydrophobic probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-iodophenyl)diazirine (TID).	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine	189-234	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
19921817-5	2010	On the other hand, combined treatment with luteolin (Lut, 0.5 microM) and quercetin (Que, 0.5 microM) profoundly decreased MDA-MB-231 proliferation by down-regulating alpha9-nAChR expression.	Quercetin	85-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
19921817-8	2010	Such results show that Lut- or Que-induced antitransforming activities were not limited to specific inhibition of the alpha9-nAChR receptor.	Quercetin	31-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
20109141-8	2010	The non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine has been shown to improve CDS in several human clinical studies, and recent trials have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of more alpha4beta2 selective compounds.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
20150622-7	2010	The mAChR3 antagonist, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide (4-DAMP), or the nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine hydrochloride (Meca), inhibited SBC3 cell proliferation in the presence or the absence of exogenous Ach.	Mecamylamine	106-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
20109141-8	2010	The non-selective nAChR agonist nicotine has been shown to improve CDS in several human clinical studies, and recent trials have been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of more alpha4beta2 selective compounds.	cds	67-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
19693492-1	2009	RATIONALE: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is approved for smoking cessation.	Varenicline	11-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-66
19583978-8	2009	In addition, clothianidin-induced currents were completely blocked by methyllicaconitine suggesting that (1) clothianidin acted as a specific agonist of nAChR subtypes and (2) a small proportion of receptors blocked by MLA was insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin.	clothianidin	13-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19583978-8	2009	In addition, clothianidin-induced currents were completely blocked by methyllicaconitine suggesting that (1) clothianidin acted as a specific agonist of nAChR subtypes and (2) a small proportion of receptors blocked by MLA was insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin.	methyllicaconitine	70-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19583978-8	2009	In addition, clothianidin-induced currents were completely blocked by methyllicaconitine suggesting that (1) clothianidin acted as a specific agonist of nAChR subtypes and (2) a small proportion of receptors blocked by MLA was insensitive to alpha-bungarotoxin.	clothianidin	109-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19861413-1	2009	The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyR) is a ligand-gated chloride channel and a member of the superfamily of cysteine loop (Cys-loop) neurotransmitter receptors, which also comprises the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-229
19861413-1	2009	The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyR) is a ligand-gated chloride channel and a member of the superfamily of cysteine loop (Cys-loop) neurotransmitter receptors, which also comprises the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-229
19861413-1	2009	The strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor (GlyR) is a ligand-gated chloride channel and a member of the superfamily of cysteine loop (Cys-loop) neurotransmitter receptors, which also comprises the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	231-236
19698703-0	2009	Association of nAChR gene haplotypes with heavy alcohol use and body mass.	Alcohols	48-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	171-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	171-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	339-345
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	294-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	294-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	339-345
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	294-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-37
19698703-8	2009	Moreover, one haplotype of the CHRNA4 (GGTG) was associated with increased body weight as compared to non-carriers of this haplotype, especially in the heavy consumers of alcohol (p=0.004).The present findings are the first to disclose a haplotype association between the CHRNA6 gene and heavy alcohol use as well as an association of the CHRNA4 gene with increased body mass in heavy consumers of alcohol.	Alcohols	294-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	339-345
19846875-3	2009	In this study, we determined the immunological effects of alpha7 nAChR activation by nicotine.	Nicotine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
19644040-1	2009	The alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is involved in nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in the striatum.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
19644040-1	2009	The alpha6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is involved in nicotine-stimulated dopamine release in the striatum.	Dopamine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
19644040-2	2009	It is expressed in brain regions and coexpressed with nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine dependence behaviors; hence, this subunit may play a role in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
19644040-2	2009	It is expressed in brain regions and coexpressed with nAChR subtypes implicated in nicotine dependence behaviors; hence, this subunit may play a role in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	153-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19644040-9	2009	These results suggest a role for the alpha6 nAChR subunit in nicotine reward and affective nicotine withdrawal but not acute nicotine-induced or physical withdrawal behaviors.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19693492-1	2009	RATIONALE: Varenicline, a partial nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, is approved for smoking cessation.	Varenicline	11-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
19754159-0	2009	[(3)H]chlorpromazine photolabeling of the torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor identifies two state-dependent binding sites in the ion channel.	[(3)h]chlorpromazine	0-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-82
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-63
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	249-254
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-63
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
19754159-1	2009	Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) noncompetitive antagonist, binds with higher affinity in the ion channel in the desensitized state than in the closed channel state and with low affinity to additional sites in nAChR-rich membranes.	Chlorpromazine	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	249-254
19754159-2	2009	For nAChR equilibrated with agonist, we confirm previous reports that [(3)H]CPZ occupies a site near the cytoplasmic end of the M2 ion channel domain, photolabeling positions M2-2, M2-6, and/or M2-9 in each subunit.	[(3)h]cpz	70-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
19754159-7	2009	These results provide novel information about the modes of drug binding within the nAChR ion channel and indicate that within the nAChR transmembrane domain, the binding of cationic aromatic amine antagonists can be restricted to the ion channel domain, in contrast to the uncharged, allosteric potentiators and inhibitors that also bind within the delta subunit helix bundle and at subunit interfaces.	aromatic amine	182-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
19754159-7	2009	These results provide novel information about the modes of drug binding within the nAChR ion channel and indicate that within the nAChR transmembrane domain, the binding of cationic aromatic amine antagonists can be restricted to the ion channel domain, in contrast to the uncharged, allosteric potentiators and inhibitors that also bind within the delta subunit helix bundle and at subunit interfaces.	aromatic amine	182-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
19540212-1	2009	A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain and how nicotine alters their function.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-141
19628475-3	2009	Since neuronal acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are part of the glutamatergic pathway, we searched for sequence variants in CHRNA3, CHRNA4 and CHRNB4 genes, encoding neuronal nicotinic AChR subunits, in 245 SALS patients and in 450 controls.	Acetylcholine	15-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-138
19628475-10	2009	We suggest that these gain-of-function variants might contribute to disease liability in a subset of SALS because Ca(2+) signals mediate nAChR"s neuromodulatory effects, including regulation of glutamate release and control of cell survival.	Glutamic Acid	194-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
19501054-0	2009	Preclinical pharmacology of the alpha4beta2 nAChR partial agonist varenicline related to effects on reward, mood and cognition.	Varenicline	66-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
19501054-2	2009	Since alpha4beta2 and other nAChR subtypes play important roles in mediating central processes that control reward, mood, cognition and attention, there is interest in examining the effects of selective nAChR ligands such as varenicline in preclinical animal models that assess these behaviors.	Varenicline	225-236	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
19501054-1	2009	The pharmacological properties and pharmacokinetic profile of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonist varenicline provide an advantageous combination of free brain levels and functional potencies at the target receptor that for a large part explain its efficacy as a smoking cessation aid.	Varenicline	135-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
19540212-1	2009	A major hurdle in defining the molecular biology of nicotine addiction has been characterizing the different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in the brain and how nicotine alters their function.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
19564872-2	2009	Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes are among the most prominent candidate genes studied in the context of ND, because of their biological relevance as binding sites for nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-38
19576181-3	2009	We determined the anti-inflammatory potential of GTS-21, an alpha7nAChR-selective partial agonist, on primary human leukocytes and compared it with nicotine, the nAChR agonist widely used for research into the anti-inflammatory effects of alpha7nAChR stimulation.	3-(2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)anabaseine	49-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
19576182-0	2009	Insight in nAChR subtype selectivity from AChBP crystal structures.	achbp	42-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
19623583-5	2009	Using siRNA methodology, we found that the alpha(7) nAChR plays a dominant role in nicotine-induced cell signaling (assessed by intracellular calcium and NO imaging, and studies of protein expression and phosphorylation), as well as nicotine-activated EC functions (proliferation, survival, migration, and tube formation).	Nicotine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19623583-5	2009	Using siRNA methodology, we found that the alpha(7) nAChR plays a dominant role in nicotine-induced cell signaling (assessed by intracellular calcium and NO imaging, and studies of protein expression and phosphorylation), as well as nicotine-activated EC functions (proliferation, survival, migration, and tube formation).	Calcium	142-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19623583-7	2009	Our studies reveal a critical role for the alpha(7) nAChR in mediating the effects of nicotine on the endothelium.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19564872-2	2009	Brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes are among the most prominent candidate genes studied in the context of ND, because of their biological relevance as binding sites for nicotine.	Nicotine	196-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
19620239-1	2009	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, such as epibatidine and its molecular derivatives, are potential therapeutic agents for a variety of neurological disorders.	epibatidine	59-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
20161506-1	2009	Indolizidine (-)-235B" is a particularly interesting natural product, as it is the currently known, most potent and subtype-selective open-channel blocker of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Indolizidines	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
20161506-1	2009	Indolizidine (-)-235B" is a particularly interesting natural product, as it is the currently known, most potent and subtype-selective open-channel blocker of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	(-)-235b	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
19697903-3	2009	Using our published open-channel structure model of alpha4beta2 nAChR, we identified and evaluated six amphiphilic interaction sites for the volatile anesthetic halothane via flexible ligand docking and subsequent 20-ns molecular dynamics simulations.	Halothane	161-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
19620239-1	2009	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, such as epibatidine and its molecular derivatives, are potential therapeutic agents for a variety of neurological disorders.	epibatidine	59-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
19620239-6	2009	Consideration of the location of the photolabeled amino acids in homology models of the nAChRs based upon the acetylcholine-binding protein structure and the results of ligand docking simulations suggests that epibatidine binds in a single preferred orientation within the alpha-gamma transmitter binding site, whereas it binds in two distinct orientations in the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Acetylcholine	110-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
19620239-6	2009	Consideration of the location of the photolabeled amino acids in homology models of the nAChRs based upon the acetylcholine-binding protein structure and the results of ligand docking simulations suggests that epibatidine binds in a single preferred orientation within the alpha-gamma transmitter binding site, whereas it binds in two distinct orientations in the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	epibatidine	210-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
19654299-1	2009	We previously showed that nicotine stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signals.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-143
19482438-3	2009	Cotinine levels were higher in carriers of the CC genotype of CHRNA4 rs1044396 (371 ng/ml) than in those with the CT or TT genotypes (275 ng/ml, p=0.049), a difference of 0.53 standard deviation units.	Cotinine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-68
19523966-6	2009	However, DMSO (>1%) did inhibit alpha7 nAChR-mediated currents.	Dimethyl Sulfoxide	9-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
19654299-1	2009	We previously showed that nicotine stimulates non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell proliferation through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated signals.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
19654299-6	2009	Of note, nicotine induced complex formation between alpha7 nAChR and PPARbeta/delta protein and increased PPARbeta/delta gene promoter activity through inhibition of AP-2alpha as shown by reduced AP-2alpha binding using electrophoretic gel mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
19654299-8	2009	Collectively, our results show that nicotine increases PPARbeta/delta gene expression through alpha7 nAChR-mediated activation of PI3K/mTOR signals that inhibit AP-2alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity to the PPARbeta/delta gene promoter.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-191
19654299-3	2009	Here, we explore the potential link between nicotine and PPARbeta/delta and report that nicotine increases the expression of PPARbeta/delta protein; this effect was blocked by an alpha7 nAChR antagonist (alpha-bungarotoxin), by alpha7 nAChR short interfering RNA, and by inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K; wortmannin and LY294002) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR; rapamycin).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
19290018-6	2009	The consistent effect estimates across three independent cohorts elaborate on recently published functional studies of rs2236196 from the CHRNA4 3"-untranslated region and seem to converge with accumulating evidence to firmly implicate the variant G allele of this polymorphism in the intensification of nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	304-312	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-144
19569163-5	2009	More prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH and its analogues produces inhibition of subsequent responses to acute challenges with full nicotinic agonists, again selectively for alpha4beta2-nAChRs over other nAChR subtypes.	amop-h-oh	27-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
19569163-10	2009	The net action of prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH or its analogues, as for nicotine, seems to be a selective decrease in alpha4beta2-nAChR function.	amop-h-oh	40-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
19569163-10	2009	The net action of prolonged exposure to AMOP-H-OH or its analogues, as for nicotine, seems to be a selective decrease in alpha4beta2-nAChR function.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
19652217-4	2009	METHODS: A novel nAChR radioligand, 5-(6-fluorohexyn-1-yl)-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (ZW-104), was characterized in vitro using competition binding assays (nAChR subtypes heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells and in native alpha4beta2 nAChRs from rat brain).	(18)F-ZW-104	36-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
19652217-4	2009	METHODS: A novel nAChR radioligand, 5-(6-fluorohexyn-1-yl)-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (ZW-104), was characterized in vitro using competition binding assays (nAChR subtypes heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells and in native alpha4beta2 nAChRs from rat brain).	(18)F-ZW-104	36-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
19652217-4	2009	METHODS: A novel nAChR radioligand, 5-(6-fluorohexyn-1-yl)-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (ZW-104), was characterized in vitro using competition binding assays (nAChR subtypes heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells and in native alpha4beta2 nAChRs from rat brain).	zw-104	97-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
19652217-4	2009	METHODS: A novel nAChR radioligand, 5-(6-fluorohexyn-1-yl)-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (ZW-104), was characterized in vitro using competition binding assays (nAChR subtypes heterologously expressed in HEK 293 cells and in native alpha4beta2 nAChRs from rat brain).	zw-104	97-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
19498421-3	2009	RESULTS: Application of 0.1 micromol/L nicotine or 1 mmol/L acetylcholine (ACh) for 1 s or longer induced two phases, with time constants of approximately 70 and approximately 700 ms, for the onset of alpha4beta2-nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
19339660-0	2009	Differential regulation of receptor activation and agonist selectivity by highly conserved tryptophans in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding site.	Tryptophan	91-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-142
19321668-10	2009	The prospects of designing neonicotinoids that are safe not only for mammals but also for beneficial insects such as honey bees (Apis mellifera) are discussed in terms of interactions with non-alpha nAChR subunits.	Neonicotinoids	27-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
19548687-4	2009	The N-substituted cytisines were docked into the rat and human alpha(4)beta(2) nAChR models based on the extracellular domain of a molluscan acetylcholine binding protein.	n-substituted cytisines	4-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19548687-4	2009	The N-substituted cytisines were docked into the rat and human alpha(4)beta(2) nAChR models based on the extracellular domain of a molluscan acetylcholine binding protein.	Acetylcholine	141-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19552432-0	2009	Octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole: a diamine scaffold for construction of either alpha4beta2 or alpha7-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands.	octahydropyrrolo(3,4-c)pyrrole	0-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
19552432-0	2009	Octahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole: a diamine scaffold for construction of either alpha4beta2 or alpha7-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands.	Diamines	34-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
19481945-0	2009	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel carbon-11 labeled pyridyl ethers: candidate ligands for in vivo imaging of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha4beta2-nAChRs) in the brain with positron emission tomography.	Carbon-11	45-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-165
19481945-0	2009	Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel carbon-11 labeled pyridyl ethers: candidate ligands for in vivo imaging of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (alpha4beta2-nAChRs) in the brain with positron emission tomography.	pyridyl ethers	63-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-165
19481945-3	2009	In this study, we report the synthesis, nAChR binding affinity, and pharmacological properties of several novel 3-pyridyl ether compounds.	3-pyridyl ether compounds	112-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
19481945-5	2009	Three of these novel nAChR ligands were radiolabeled with the positron-emitting isotope (11)C and evaluated in animal studies as potential PET radiotracers for imaging of cerebral nAChRs with improved brain kinetics.	nachrs	180-186	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
19448647-2	2009	The nAChRs are known to be differentially permeable to calcium ions, with the alpha7 nAChR subtype having one of the highest permeabilities to calcium.	Calcium	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
19448647-2	2009	The nAChRs are known to be differentially permeable to calcium ions, with the alpha7 nAChR subtype having one of the highest permeabilities to calcium.	Calcium	143-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
19448647-5	2009	Downstream signaling events mediated by nAChR-mediated calcium responses can be grouped into instantaneous effects (such as neurotransmitter release, which can occur in milliseconds after nAChR activation), short-term effects (such as the recovery of nAChR desensitization through cellular signaling cascades), and long-term effects (such as neuroprotection via gene expression).	Calcium	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
19448647-5	2009	Downstream signaling events mediated by nAChR-mediated calcium responses can be grouped into instantaneous effects (such as neurotransmitter release, which can occur in milliseconds after nAChR activation), short-term effects (such as the recovery of nAChR desensitization through cellular signaling cascades), and long-term effects (such as neuroprotection via gene expression).	Calcium	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
19448647-5	2009	Downstream signaling events mediated by nAChR-mediated calcium responses can be grouped into instantaneous effects (such as neurotransmitter release, which can occur in milliseconds after nAChR activation), short-term effects (such as the recovery of nAChR desensitization through cellular signaling cascades), and long-term effects (such as neuroprotection via gene expression).	Calcium	55-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
19498421-3	2009	RESULTS: Application of 0.1 micromol/L nicotine or 1 mmol/L acetylcholine (ACh) for 1 s or longer induced two phases, with time constants of approximately 70 and approximately 700 ms, for the onset of alpha4beta2-nAChR desensitization.	Acetylcholine	60-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
19448647-6	2009	In addition, nAChR activity can be regulated by cytoplasmic calcium levels, suggesting a complex reciprocal relationship.	Calcium	60-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
19448647-7	2009	Further advances in imaging techniques, animal models, and more potent and subtype-selective ligands for neuronal nAChRs would help in understanding the neuronal nAChR-mediated calcium signaling, and lead to the development of improved therapeutic treatments.	Calcium	177-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
19498421-3	2009	RESULTS: Application of 0.1 micromol/L nicotine or 1 mmol/L acetylcholine (ACh) for 1 s or longer induced two phases, with time constants of approximately 70 and approximately 700 ms, for the onset of alpha4beta2-nAChR desensitization.	Acetylcholine	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
19342512-7	2009	In HEK-293 cells coexpressing alpha(3)beta(4) nAChR/P2X(2) receptors, coapplication of ATP and ACh caused a current that was 58 +/- 7% of the predicted current (P < 0.05).	Adenosine Triphosphate	87-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Hydrogen	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
19486673-1	2009	The ligand-gated ion channel from Erwinia chrysanthemi (ELIC) is a prokaryotic homolog of the eukaryotic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that responds to the binding of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and mediates fast signal transmission.	Acetylcholine	115-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Hydrogen	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Amides	178-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Amides	178-183	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Esters	187-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
19405066-1	2009	Probing the sheet: The network of hydrogen bonds formed in the outer beta sheet of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR; see figure) is fairly robust and tolerates single amide-to-ester mutations throughout.	Esters	187-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
19405066-2	2009	However, eliminating two proximal hydrogen bonds completely destroys receptor function; this adds further support to gating models that ascribe important roles to these beta strands of the nAChR extracellular domain.Long-range communication is essential for the function of members of the Cys-loop family of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels.	Hydrogen	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
19405066-2	2009	However, eliminating two proximal hydrogen bonds completely destroys receptor function; this adds further support to gating models that ascribe important roles to these beta strands of the nAChR extracellular domain.Long-range communication is essential for the function of members of the Cys-loop family of neurotransmitter-gated ion channels.	Cysteine	289-292	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
19405066-4	2009	To probe the role of the peptide backbone, we incorporated a series of alpha-hydroxy acid analogues into the beta-sheet-rich extracellular domain of the muscle subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the prototypical Cys-loop receptor.	alpha-hydroxy acid	71-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-207
19338581-1	2009	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Benzylidene-anabaseines (BAs) are partial agonists of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) but their mechanism(s) of action are unknown.	benzylidene-anabaseines	24-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
19419220-0	2009	Anionic lipid and cholesterol interactions with alpha4beta2 nAChR: insights from MD simulations.	Cholesterol	18-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
19419220-1	2009	Anionic lipids and cholesterols (CHOL) are critical to the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Cholesterol	19-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-104
19419220-1	2009	Anionic lipids and cholesterols (CHOL) are critical to the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Cholesterol	19-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
19419220-1	2009	Anionic lipids and cholesterols (CHOL) are critical to the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Cholesterol	33-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-104
19419220-1	2009	Anionic lipids and cholesterols (CHOL) are critical to the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Cholesterol	33-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
19419220-11	2009	A higher number of salt bridges and hydrogen bonds (H bonds) between POPA and the alpha4beta2 nAChR were found in the open system than in the closed system, suggesting a potential role of POPA in the equilibrium between different channel states.	Hydrogen	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
19270530-8	2009	On the other hand, nicotine (nAChR agonist) enhanced the autophagic process and also inhibited cell death following Abeta application.	Nicotine	19-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
19338581-6	2009	Both BAs enhanced [(3)H]TCP binding when the nAChR was initially in the resting but activatable state, suggesting that both compounds desensitized the Torpedo nAChR.	[(3)h]tcp	18-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
19338581-10	2009	The NCA-binding site for BAs overlaps both the phencyclidine- and dizocilpine-binding sites in the desensitized Torpedo nAChR ion channel.	Phencyclidine	47-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
19338581-10	2009	The NCA-binding site for BAs overlaps both the phencyclidine- and dizocilpine-binding sites in the desensitized Torpedo nAChR ion channel.	Dizocilpine Maleate	66-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
20071853-1	2009	Varenicline, a partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), is the most recently approved drug for smoking cessation.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
19237585-10	2009	Fluorescence-based investigations of nAChR subunit stoichiometry may provide efficient drug discovery methods for nicotine addiction or for other disorders that result from dysregulated nAChRs.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
19236104-8	2009	Agonists such as acetylcholine, nicotine, which are used in a diverse array of biological activities, such as enhancements of cognitive performances, were also docked with the theoretical model of human alpha(7)nAChR.	Acetylcholine	17-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	211-216
19236104-8	2009	Agonists such as acetylcholine, nicotine, which are used in a diverse array of biological activities, such as enhancements of cognitive performances, were also docked with the theoretical model of human alpha(7)nAChR.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	211-216
19186108-7	2009	These novel ligands could serve as potential pharmaceuticals in the AChBP/nAChR systems.	achbp	68-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
20071853-3	2009	As a nAChR partial agonist, Varenicline attenuates the craving and withdrawal symptoms that occur with abstinence from nicotine and also reduces the rewarding effects of nicotine obtained from smoking in patients who lapse.	Varenicline	28-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
19337288-2	2009	ACh interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, in particular with the alpha7 subunit (alpha7nAChR), which is expressed not only by neurons but also macrophages and other cells involved in the inflammatory response.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
19144785-6	2009	In both ventral and dorsal putamen, alpha3/alpha6beta2(*) nAChRs regulated > or =80% of non-burst- (single pulse) nAChR-modulated dopamine release, and alpha4beta2(*) nAChRs regulated the remainder.	Dopamine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19144785-8	2009	Next, we investigated the consequence of long-term nicotine exposure via the drinking water on nAChR-modulated responsiveness.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
19144785-8	2009	Next, we investigated the consequence of long-term nicotine exposure via the drinking water on nAChR-modulated responsiveness.	Water	86-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
19144785-11	2009	They also show that long-term nicotine treatment selectively modifies nAChR-modulated release in distinct striatal subregions.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
19337288-2	2009	ACh interacts with members of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) family, in particular with the alpha7 subunit (alpha7nAChR), which is expressed not only by neurons but also macrophages and other cells involved in the inflammatory response.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-66
19210780-6	2009	Some critical interactions in the binding site such as the salt bridge formed between K145/D200 in the neurotoxin-nAChR complex is further stabilized during the MD simulation, while it is obviously more labile in the apo form.	K145	86-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
19183258-2	2009	The results indicate that with 2-min pretreatment, U18666A inhibited different nAChR subtypes with a rank-order of potency (IC(50) of whole-cell peak current): alpha4beta2 (8.0 +/- 3.0 nM) > alpha3beta2 (1.7 +/- 0.4 microM) > alpha4beta4 (26 +/- 7.2 microM) > alpha7 (> 100 microM), suggesting this compound is more selective to alpha4beta2-nAChRs.	3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19183258-6	2009	U18666A-induced inhibition of nAChR function is concentration-, voltage-, and use-dependent, suggesting an open channel block.	3-beta-(2-(diethylamino)ethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
19111588-6	2009	In addition to nicotine, the agonists epibatidine and cytisine both significantly increased the release of sAPP in M10 cells expressing the alpha4/beta2 nAChR subtype, and this effect was blocked by co-treatment with mecamylamine but not by the alpha4/beta2 competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	epibatidine	38-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19111588-6	2009	In addition to nicotine, the agonists epibatidine and cytisine both significantly increased the release of sAPP in M10 cells expressing the alpha4/beta2 nAChR subtype, and this effect was blocked by co-treatment with mecamylamine but not by the alpha4/beta2 competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	cytisine	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19111588-6	2009	In addition to nicotine, the agonists epibatidine and cytisine both significantly increased the release of sAPP in M10 cells expressing the alpha4/beta2 nAChR subtype, and this effect was blocked by co-treatment with mecamylamine but not by the alpha4/beta2 competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Mecamylamine	217-229	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
19125616-6	2009	Dicarba-alpha-ImI maintained inhibitory activity of nAChR comparable to that of native alpha-ImI in two in vitro assays.	dicarba-alpha-imi	0-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19125616-6	2009	Dicarba-alpha-ImI maintained inhibitory activity of nAChR comparable to that of native alpha-ImI in two in vitro assays.	alpha-imi	8-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
19232492-1	2009	Several N-pyridin-3-yl spirobicyclic diamines, designed as conformationally restricted analogs of tebanicline (ABT-594), were synthesized as novel ligands for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	n-pyridin-3-yl spirobicyclic diamines	8-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
19048619-8	2009	Since tobacco smoking is established as a risk factor in cervical carcinogenesis, and since nicotine and its derivatives become concentrated in cervical mucus, nAChR-dependent signaling is apparently an important molecular cofactor of human papillomavirus-dependent cervical carcinogenesis.	Nicotine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
19098004-1	2009	alpha-Conotoxins are small disulfide-rich peptides from the venom of the Conus species that target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Disulfides	27-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
19098004-1	2009	alpha-Conotoxins are small disulfide-rich peptides from the venom of the Conus species that target the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Disulfides	27-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
19027295-2	2009	The carbamate functionality and a small hydrophobic substituent in the C-3 position were found to be vital for the binding affinity to the nAChRs, whereas the carbamate nitrogen substituents were important for nAChR subtype selectivity.	Carbamates	4-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
19063970-1	2009	The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	227-232
19063970-1	2009	The neuronal Ca2+-sensor protein VILIP-1, known to affect clathrin-dependent receptor trafficking, has been shown to interact with the cytoplasmic loop of the alpha4-subunit of the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which is the most abundant nAChR subtype with high-affinity for nicotine in the brain.	Nicotine	299-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	262-267
19063970-2	2009	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is crucial for nicotine addiction and the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition.	Nicotine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
19063970-2	2009	The alpha4beta2 nAChR is crucial for nicotine addiction and the beneficial effects of nicotine on cognition.	Nicotine	86-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
19182447-4	2009	Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of nicotine is antagonized by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
19182447-4	2009	Furthermore, the ameliorating effect of nicotine is antagonized by methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	methyllycaconitine	67-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
18818999-1	2009	Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is believed to play a critical role in its nicotine-induced desensitization and up-regulation.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-55
18818999-1	2009	Phosphorylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is believed to play a critical role in its nicotine-induced desensitization and up-regulation.	Nicotine	107-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
18818999-5	2009	Epibatidine binding revealed a three and sevenfold increase in surface expression for the alpha4S336A and alpha4S336D mutations, respectively, relative to wild-type, therefore, both mutations enhanced expression of the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	231-236
19082523-8	2009	Including biochemical indicators of serum nicotine can help differentiate smoking- versus disease-associated changes in nAChR expression.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
19081250-4	2009	Initial analysis of the new compounds at 100 microM concentration reveal that the two pyrrole anabaseines are good partial agonists of the alpha7 nAChR, having 40% of the efficacy of ACh, efficacy comparable to 4OH-GTS-21, and dramatically enhanced efficacy relative to the 2- and 4-pyridinyl compounds.	pyrrole anabaseines	86-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
19027295-2	2009	The carbamate functionality and a small hydrophobic substituent in the C-3 position were found to be vital for the binding affinity to the nAChRs, whereas the carbamate nitrogen substituents were important for nAChR subtype selectivity.	Nitrogen	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Tubocurarine	35-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-120
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Mecamylamine	13-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-90
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Mecamylamine	13-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-90
19499400-13	2009	In addition, mecamylamine, a non-selective antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAchR), abrogated the effects of nicotine on EPC.	Nicotine	125-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
19499400-15	2009	In addition, the effects of nicotine might be specifically mediated by nAchR activation.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
19184647-2	2009	nAChR subtypes that are expressed in dopamine neurons, as well as neurons that interact with dopamine neurons (glutamatergic, GABAergic), serve as the focus of this review.	Dopamine	37-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
25530665-4	2009	Epibatidine"s unique structure and potent activity made it an ideal lead structure for the development of nAChR ligands with reduced side effects and better nAChR subtype selectivity.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
25530665-4	2009	Epibatidine"s unique structure and potent activity made it an ideal lead structure for the development of nAChR ligands with reduced side effects and better nAChR subtype selectivity.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
25530665-2	2009	Future studies showed that epibatidine was an nAChR ligand with analgesic potency 200-400 times greater than that of morphine.	epibatidine	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
18844224-11	2009	The proinvasive effects of nicotine were mediated via a nAChR, Src and calcium-dependent signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Tubocurarine	35-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-120
19436947-9	2009	The inhibition of these effects by D: -tubocurarine suggests that nicotine acts via the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
18989912-3	2008	The high nAChR activity of carbamoylcholine analogue 5d was found to reside in its R-enantiomer, a characteristic most likely true for all other compounds in the series.	Carbachol	27-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
18848895-3	2009	Loss of the SK2 gene also results in loss of electrically driven olivocochlear effects in vivo, and down regulation of ryanodine receptors involved in calcium-induced calcium release, the main inducer of nAChR evoked SK2 activity.	Calcium	151-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
18848895-3	2009	Loss of the SK2 gene also results in loss of electrically driven olivocochlear effects in vivo, and down regulation of ryanodine receptors involved in calcium-induced calcium release, the main inducer of nAChR evoked SK2 activity.	Calcium	167-174	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
19140954-4	2009	It is originally indicated that the key mediator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, acetylcholine (ACh), inhibits cytokine release directly via the alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) expressed on macrophages.	Acetylcholine	95-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
19140954-4	2009	It is originally indicated that the key mediator of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, acetylcholine (ACh), inhibits cytokine release directly via the alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) expressed on macrophages.	Acetylcholine	110-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
19126755-3	2009	With the advancement of functional and genetic studies in the late 1980s, the existence of nAChRs in the mammalian brain was confirmed and the realization that the numerous nAChR subtypes contribute to the psychoactive properties of nicotine and other drugs of abuse and to the neuropathology of various diseases, including Alzheimer"s, Parkinson"s, and schizophrenia, has since emerged.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
18835908-0	2008	Behavioral differences between phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine in the presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Phosphatidic Acids	31-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-128
18835908-0	2008	Behavioral differences between phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine in the presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Phosphatidylcholines	53-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-128
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	57-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	57-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	76-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	76-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Cholesterol	91-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
18835908-1	2008	It has been found experimentally that negatively charged phosphatidic acid (PA) lipids and cholesterol molecules stabilize the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional resting state that can participate in an agonist-induced conformational change.	Cholesterol	91-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
18835908-5	2008	This suggests that the PA domain may help stabilize the nAChR resting state.	Phosphatidic Acids	23-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18723411-2	2008	The results indicate that chiral recognition on the alpha3beta4 nAChR is a process involving initial tethering of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan at hydrophobic pockets within the central lumen followed by hydrogen bonding interactions favoring dextromethorphan.	Dextromethorphan	114-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
18519132-1	2008	BACKGROUND: A nonsynonymous coding polymorphism, rs16969968, of the CHRNA5 gene that encodes the alpha-5 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been found to be associated with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	198-206	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
18534558-0	2008	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-35
19040571-13	2008	Proliferation effects of nicotine could be blocked by inhibition of alpha7-nAChR by the high affinity ligand alpha-cobratoxin.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
18841955-1	2008	Potential nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized in which a methylisoxazole substituent is attached to the 1-position ( 26) of the 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane ring system or separated by "spacer" atoms ( 21 and 23).	bucide	92-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
18841955-1	2008	Potential nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized in which a methylisoxazole substituent is attached to the 1-position ( 26) of the 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane ring system or separated by "spacer" atoms ( 21 and 23).	2-azabicyclo[2	163-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
18841955-1	2008	Potential nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands have been synthesized in which a methylisoxazole substituent is attached to the 1-position ( 26) of the 2-azabicyclo[2.1.1]hexane ring system or separated by "spacer" atoms ( 21 and 23).	Hexanes	181-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
18571741-9	2008	This review will examine the genetic factors that alter susceptibility to nicotine addiction, with an emphasis on the genes that encode nAChR proteins.	Nicotine	74-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
18851914-1	2008	A series of tetrakis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts was synthesized to identify compounds with higher affinity and selectivity as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes (nAChR) that mediate nicotine-evoked DA release.	tetrakis-azaaromatic	12-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
18851914-1	2008	A series of tetrakis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts was synthesized to identify compounds with higher affinity and selectivity as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes (nAChR) that mediate nicotine-evoked DA release.	quaternary ammonium salts	33-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
18851914-1	2008	A series of tetrakis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts was synthesized to identify compounds with higher affinity and selectivity as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes (nAChR) that mediate nicotine-evoked DA release.	Nicotine	210-218	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
18851914-1	2008	A series of tetrakis-azaaromatic quaternary ammonium salts was synthesized to identify compounds with higher affinity and selectivity as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic receptor subtypes (nAChR) that mediate nicotine-evoked DA release.	amsonic acid	226-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
19128201-4	2008	In this review, we will discuss the nAChR subtypes, their function in response to endogenous brain transmitters, and how their functions are regulated in the presence of nicotine.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
18991407-1	2008	The Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the only member of the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that is available in high abundance in a native membrane preparation.	Cysteine	79-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-44
18991407-1	2008	The Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the only member of the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) that is available in high abundance in a native membrane preparation.	Cysteine	79-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-171
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	13-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-171
18805435-0	2008	Nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone induce cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human gastric cancer cells: Involvement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptor signaling pathways.	4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	13-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
18805435-4	2008	We found that nicotine and NNK significantly enhanced cell proliferation in AGS cells that expressed both alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-145
18805435-4	2008	We found that nicotine and NNK significantly enhanced cell proliferation in AGS cells that expressed both alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) and beta-adrenergic receptors.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
19032090-1	2008	Agonists and antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are used to treat nicotine addiction, neuromuscular disorders, and neurological diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-64
19032090-1	2008	Agonists and antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are used to treat nicotine addiction, neuromuscular disorders, and neurological diseases.	Nicotine	91-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
19032090-3	2008	Previous studies have shown that cation-pi interactions at the transmitter binding sites of the nAChR are important for receptor activation by strong agonists such as acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	167-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
18723411-2	2008	The results indicate that chiral recognition on the alpha3beta4 nAChR is a process involving initial tethering of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan at hydrophobic pockets within the central lumen followed by hydrogen bonding interactions favoring dextromethorphan.	Dextromethorphan	135-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
18723411-2	2008	The results indicate that chiral recognition on the alpha3beta4 nAChR is a process involving initial tethering of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan at hydrophobic pockets within the central lumen followed by hydrogen bonding interactions favoring dextromethorphan.	Hydrogen	210-218	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
18723411-2	2008	The results indicate that chiral recognition on the alpha3beta4 nAChR is a process involving initial tethering of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan at hydrophobic pockets within the central lumen followed by hydrogen bonding interactions favoring dextromethorphan.	Dextromethorphan	249-265	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
18678621-1	2008	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a homopentameric, rapidly activating and desensitizing ligand-gated ion channel with relatively high degree of calcium permeability, is expressed in the mammalian central nervous system, including regions associated with cognitive processing.	Calcium	164-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
18826295-1	2008	Extensive molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations have been performed to understand how alpha7-specific agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), including AR-R17779 (1), GTS-21 (4), and 4-OH-GTS-21 (5), interact with the alpha7 receptor, leading to important new insights into the receptor-agonist binding.	4-oh	247-251	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-196
18826295-1	2008	Extensive molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations have been performed to understand how alpha7-specific agonists of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), including AR-R17779 (1), GTS-21 (4), and 4-OH-GTS-21 (5), interact with the alpha7 receptor, leading to important new insights into the receptor-agonist binding.	4-oh	247-251	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	198-203
18922921-7	2008	Importantly, on nicotine treatment, the mobility of MCF10A and MCF7 cells is enhanced, which can be blocked by the addition of nAChR or PKC inhibitor.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
18852456-7	2008	Pretreatment with mecamylamine (6 micromol/kg s.c.), an nAChR blocker that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, prevents the nicotine-induced decrease of FC DNMT1 expression.	Mecamylamine	18-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18852456-7	2008	Pretreatment with mecamylamine (6 micromol/kg s.c.), an nAChR blocker that penetrates the blood-brain barrier, prevents the nicotine-induced decrease of FC DNMT1 expression.	Nicotine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18805006-1	2008	The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a series of carbamate potentiators of alpha4beta2 nAChR is reported herein.	Carbamates	65-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
20040957-10	2008	Nicotine, through stimulating alpha4beta2 nAChR, releases dopamine in the reward pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
20040957-10	2008	Nicotine, through stimulating alpha4beta2 nAChR, releases dopamine in the reward pathway.	Dopamine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
20040957-11	2008	Partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nAChR elicits moderate and sustained release of dopamine, which is countered during the cessation attempts; it simultaneously blocks the effects of nicotine by binding with alpha4beta2 receptors during smoking.	Dopamine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
20040957-11	2008	Partial agonist of alpha4beta2 nAChR elicits moderate and sustained release of dopamine, which is countered during the cessation attempts; it simultaneously blocks the effects of nicotine by binding with alpha4beta2 receptors during smoking.	Nicotine	179-187	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
20040957-12	2008	Recently, varenicline, a partial agonist at alpha4beta2 nAChR, has been approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) for smoking cessation.	Varenicline	10-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18762859-2	2008	The majority of high affinity nicotine binding sites in the human brain have been implicated in heteropentameric alpha4 and beta2 subunits of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; therefore, these two neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors genes (CHRNA4 and CHRNB2) are considered to be attractive candidate genes for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-263
18607650-1	2008	In recent years, it has become clear that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a valid target in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer"s disease, anxiety, and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	201-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
18607650-1	2008	In recent years, it has become clear that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a valid target in the treatment of a variety of diseases, including Alzheimer"s disease, anxiety, and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	201-209	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
18607650-3	2008	Based on a high-resolution crystal structure of AChBP, homology models of the extracellular domain of the neuronal rat and human nAChR subtypes alpha4beta2 and alpha7 (the subtypes most abundant in brain) were built, and their stability assessed with molecular dynamics (MD).	achbp	48-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
18768796-0	2008	Embedded cholesterol in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Cholesterol	9-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-60
18606871-4	2008	Because nonhuman primates are evolutionarily closer to humans and may better model the effects of pesticide exposure in man, we examined the effects of paraquat on striatal nAChR function and expression in monkeys.	Paraquat	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
18606871-7	2008	Paraquat treatment decreased alpha4beta2(*) but not alpha3/alpha6beta2(*) nAChR expression.	Paraquat	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
18606871-8	2008	The differential effects of paraquat on nAChR expression and receptor-evoked [(3)H]DA release emphasize the importance of evaluating changes in functional measures.	Paraquat	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
18754612-8	2008	Docking simulations identified several hydrogen bonds lost upon truncation that provide an explanation for the reduced affinities observed at the alpha7 nAChR and AChBP.	Hydrogen	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
18754612-8	2008	Docking simulations identified several hydrogen bonds lost upon truncation that provide an explanation for the reduced affinities observed at the alpha7 nAChR and AChBP.	achbp	163-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
18768796-3	2008	Purified nAChR must be reconstituted in a mixture containing cholesterol to function.	Cholesterol	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
18768796-5	2008	However, the underlying cause of nAChR sensitivity to cholesterol remains controversial, in part because the vast majority of functional studies were conducted before a medium resolution structure was reported.	Cholesterol	54-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
18768796-6	2008	We show that the nAChR contains internal sites capable of containing cholesterol, whose occupation stabilizes the protein structure.	Cholesterol	69-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
23506178-7	2008	In addition, the neuronal nAChR partial agonist varenicline recently received regulatory approval for use in smoking cessation.	Varenicline	48-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-83
18718366-1	2008	Nicotine is a major component of tobacco smoke, and signals via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
18718366-8	2008	These results indicate that nicotine suppresses the cytodifferentiation and mineralization of HDPCs, possibly via nAChR.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
18620875-3	2008	This study aimed to; (1) quantify nAChR distribution in vivo with 2-[18F]fluoro-A-85380 (2-FA) in 15 early AD patients compared to 14 age-matched, healthy controls (HC) and (2) correlate nAChR distribution with cognitive performance in both groups.	2-fluoro-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	66-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
18620875-3	2008	This study aimed to; (1) quantify nAChR distribution in vivo with 2-[18F]fluoro-A-85380 (2-FA) in 15 early AD patients compared to 14 age-matched, healthy controls (HC) and (2) correlate nAChR distribution with cognitive performance in both groups.	2-fluoro-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	89-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
18602458-3	2008	ACh dose-dependently evoked an alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion current with an EC(50) of 137 microM.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
18602458-4	2008	When ACh is applied at a low concentration (10 microM), the nAChR-mediated ion current is inhibited by a low concentration (10 microM) of ethylbenzene and p-xylene, but not by the same concentration of the non-ototoxic solvents.	Acetylcholine	5-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
18602458-4	2008	When ACh is applied at a low concentration (10 microM), the nAChR-mediated ion current is inhibited by a low concentration (10 microM) of ethylbenzene and p-xylene, but not by the same concentration of the non-ototoxic solvents.	ethylbenzene	138-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
18602458-4	2008	When ACh is applied at a low concentration (10 microM), the nAChR-mediated ion current is inhibited by a low concentration (10 microM) of ethylbenzene and p-xylene, but not by the same concentration of the non-ototoxic solvents.	4-xylene	155-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
18602458-7	2008	These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.	ethylbenzene	81-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
18602458-7	2008	These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.	ethylbenzene	81-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	278-283
18602458-7	2008	These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.	4-xylene	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
18602458-7	2008	These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.	4-xylene	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	278-283
18602458-7	2008	These results demonstrate that low concentrations of the known ototoxic solvents ethylbenzene and p-xylene inhibit alpha9alpha10 nAChR-mediated ion currents, whereas the structurally related, non-ototoxic solvents m-xylene and o-xylene do not, indicating that the alpha9alpha10 nAChR is a potential target for solvent-induced ototoxicity.	2-xylene	227-235	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
18524766-2	2008	We report here that TDBzl-etomidate, a photoreactive etomidate analog, acts as a positive allosteric nAChR modulator rather than an inhibitor, and we identify its binding sites by photoaffinity labeling.	4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate	20-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
18524766-2	2008	We report here that TDBzl-etomidate, a photoreactive etomidate analog, acts as a positive allosteric nAChR modulator rather than an inhibitor, and we identify its binding sites by photoaffinity labeling.	Etomidate	26-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
18524766-4	2008	At higher concentrations, it inhibited the binding of the noncompetitive antagonists [(3)H]tetracaine and [(3)H]phencyclidine to Torpedo nAChR-rich membranes (IC(50) values of 0.	[(3)h]tetracaine	85-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
18524766-4	2008	At higher concentrations, it inhibited the binding of the noncompetitive antagonists [(3)H]tetracaine and [(3)H]phencyclidine to Torpedo nAChR-rich membranes (IC(50) values of 0.	[(3)h]phencyclidine	106-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
18524766-6	2008	nAChR-rich membranes were photolabeled with [(3)H]TDBzl-etomidate, and labeled amino acids were identified by Edman degradation.	[(3)h]tdbzl-etomidate	44-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
18524766-8	2008	In addition, there was labeling in gammaM3 (gammaMet-299), a residue that contributes to the same pocket in the nAChR structure as alphaM2-10.	gammamet-299	44-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
18524766-9	2008	The pharmacological specificity of labeling of residues, together with their locations in the nAChR structure, indicate that TDBzl-etomidate binds at two distinct sites: one within the lumen of the ion channel (labeling of M2-9 and -13), an inhibitory site, and another at the interface between the alpha and gamma subunits (labeling of alphaM2-10 and gammaMet-299) likely to be a site for positive allosteric modulation.	4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzyl 1-(1-phenylethyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylate	125-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
18448488-9	2008	We conclude that through nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors, nicotine activates ERK1/2 and Stat3 signaling pathways, leading to Cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
19094587-2	2008	METHODS: The siRNA coding oligonucleotide sequences targeting alpha 3 nAChR were designed and synthesized.	Oligonucleotides	26-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
19094587-7	2008	RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the expression levels of mRNA and protein in the stable SH-SY5Y clone cells transfected with the recombinant alpha 3 nAChR pSilencer 3.1-H1 neo vector were decreased with inhibitory efficiency of 98% and 66%, respectively, the MTT reduction decreased; the product of lipid peroxidation was increased and the activities of SOD and GSH-px were decreased.	monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate	264-267	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
19094587-7	2008	RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the expression levels of mRNA and protein in the stable SH-SY5Y clone cells transfected with the recombinant alpha 3 nAChR pSilencer 3.1-H1 neo vector were decreased with inhibitory efficiency of 98% and 66%, respectively, the MTT reduction decreased; the product of lipid peroxidation was increased and the activities of SOD and GSH-px were decreased.	gsh-px	367-373	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
19094587-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The expression inhibition of alpha 3 nAChR as a result of recombinant alpha 3 nAChR siRNA can induce oxidative stress and improve the toxicity of Abeta on SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that alpha 3 nAChR may play a significant neuroprotective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.	UNII-042A8N37WH	159-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
19094587-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The expression inhibition of alpha 3 nAChR as a result of recombinant alpha 3 nAChR siRNA can induce oxidative stress and improve the toxicity of Abeta on SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that alpha 3 nAChR may play a significant neuroprotective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.	UNII-042A8N37WH	159-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
19094587-9	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The expression inhibition of alpha 3 nAChR as a result of recombinant alpha 3 nAChR siRNA can induce oxidative stress and improve the toxicity of Abeta on SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that alpha 3 nAChR may play a significant neuroprotective role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease.	UNII-042A8N37WH	159-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
20641651-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20641651-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20641651-8	2004	A-85380 has also been labeled as 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (5-[(123)I]iodo-A-85380 (5-[(123)I]IA)), which has been developed as a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agent for the non-invasive study of nAChR in the brain.	iodo	43-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	243-248
20641651-8	2004	A-85380 has also been labeled as 5-[(123)I]iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (5-[(123)I]iodo-A-85380 (5-[(123)I]IA)), which has been developed as a single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) agent for the non-invasive study of nAChR in the brain.	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	48-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	243-248
20641651-10	2004	Norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB), an analog of epibatidine, is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (6).	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	0-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
20641651-10	2004	Norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB), an analog of epibatidine, is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (6).	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	34-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
20641651-10	2004	Norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB), an analog of epibatidine, is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (6).	epibatidine	21-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
18605717-0	2008	Discovery of (-)-7-methyl-2-exo-[3"-(6-[18F]fluoropyridin-2-yl)-5"-pyridinyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, a radiolabeled antagonist for cerebral nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha4beta2-nAChR) with optimal positron emission tomography imaging properties.	(-)-7-methyl-2-exo-[3"-(6-[18f]fluoropyridin-2-yl)-5"-pyridinyl]-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	13-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-83
18618000-2	2008	We tested the hypothesis that associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genetic variants and nicotine dependence assessed in adulthood will be stronger among smokers who began daily nicotine exposure during adolescence.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
18596163-1	2008	The alpha4beta2 subtype is the most abundant nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain and possesses the high-affinity binding site for nicotine.	Nicotine	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
18596163-2	2008	The alpha4 and beta2 nAChR subunits assemble into two alternate stoichiometries, (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) and (alpha4)(3)(beta2)(2), which differ in their functional properties and sensitivity to chronic exposure to nicotine.	Nicotine	213-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
18649634-6	2008	While, a voltage change evoked by binding of acetylcholine to nAChR leads to down-regulate fetal nAChR expression in extrasynaptic nuclei.	Acetylcholine	45-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
18343642-0	2008	Alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in mediating the ghrelin-induced locomotor stimulation and dopamine overflow in nucleus accumbens.	Ghrelin	94-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-63
18343642-0	2008	Alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are involved in mediating the ghrelin-induced locomotor stimulation and dopamine overflow in nucleus accumbens.	Dopamine	136-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-63
18343642-1	2008	Previously, we have reported that the orexigenic peptide ghrelin activates the cholinergic-dopaminergic reward link, involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Ghrelin	57-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-160
18343642-1	2008	Previously, we have reported that the orexigenic peptide ghrelin activates the cholinergic-dopaminergic reward link, involving nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Ghrelin	57-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
18343642-3	2008	The present experiments show that the locomotor stimulatory effects of ghrelin, either into laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) or ventral tegmental area (VTA), are mediated via ventral tegmental nAChR, but neither the alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) nor the alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine) subtypes appears to be involved.	Ghrelin	71-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
18343642-3	2008	The present experiments show that the locomotor stimulatory effects of ghrelin, either into laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) or ventral tegmental area (VTA), are mediated via ventral tegmental nAChR, but neither the alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) nor the alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine) subtypes appears to be involved.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	241-266	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
18343642-3	2008	The present experiments show that the locomotor stimulatory effects of ghrelin, either into laterodorsal tegmental area (LDTg) or ventral tegmental area (VTA), are mediated via ventral tegmental nAChR, but neither the alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) nor the alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine) subtypes appears to be involved.	methyllycaconitine	292-310	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
18369179-7	2008	Perfusion of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine in the anterior VTA completely blocked the elevation of accumbal dopamine levels observed after ethanol perfusion in nAc, whereas mecamylamine in the posterior VTA had no effect.	Mecamylamine	34-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
18369179-7	2008	Perfusion of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine in the anterior VTA completely blocked the elevation of accumbal dopamine levels observed after ethanol perfusion in nAc, whereas mecamylamine in the posterior VTA had no effect.	Dopamine	112-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
18369179-7	2008	Perfusion of the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine in the anterior VTA completely blocked the elevation of accumbal dopamine levels observed after ethanol perfusion in nAc, whereas mecamylamine in the posterior VTA had no effect.	Ethanol	143-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
18649634-6	2008	While, a voltage change evoked by binding of acetylcholine to nAChR leads to down-regulate fetal nAChR expression in extrasynaptic nuclei.	Acetylcholine	45-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
18325740-2	2008	We investigated the effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric nAChR modulator, galantamine, on cognitive performance and clinical symptoms when added to a stable antipsychotic medication regimen in nonsmoking outpatients with schizophrenia in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design.	Galantamine	98-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
18559515-6	2008	Partially explaining the cholinergic up-regulation seen in SCC, incubation of the H520 SCC cell line with nicotine increased levels of ACh secretion, increased expression of nAChR, and, as measured by electrophysiologic recording, increased activity of the expressed nAChR.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
18559515-6	2008	Partially explaining the cholinergic up-regulation seen in SCC, incubation of the H520 SCC cell line with nicotine increased levels of ACh secretion, increased expression of nAChR, and, as measured by electrophysiologic recording, increased activity of the expressed nAChR.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	267-272
20641602-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
18208544-4	2008	In contrast, isoforms containing an additional exon (exon 2), which is located within a proline-rich N-terminal region, have a greatly reduced ability to enhance nAChR maturation.	Proline	88-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
18282683-5	2008	In addition, inhibition of alpha 7 nAChR at protein level was observed in the cells exposed to high amounts of fluoride or ferrous iron.	Fluorides	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
18282683-5	2008	In addition, inhibition of alpha 7 nAChR at protein level was observed in the cells exposed to high amounts of fluoride or ferrous iron.	Iron	123-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
20641785-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20641785-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Alcohols	195-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Alcohols	195-202	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
19492010-3	2008	Recent work from human genetics studies has provided evidence that neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) genes may have a role in mediating early behaviors that are risk factors for alcohol and nicotine dependence, such as age of initiation and early subjective responses to the drugs.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
18262434-4	2008	In synthesis Ach via nAChR or mAChR appears to be involved in the regulation of vital cell functions: proliferation, differentiation, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell-cell contact, ciliary activity, migration, secretion and absorption of ions, water and mucus.	Acetylcholine	13-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
18262434-4	2008	In synthesis Ach via nAChR or mAChR appears to be involved in the regulation of vital cell functions: proliferation, differentiation, organization of the cytoskeleton, cell-cell contact, ciliary activity, migration, secretion and absorption of ions, water and mucus.	Water	250-255	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
18363376-0	2008	Synthesis of 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, a class of potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-ligands.	2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane	105-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-199
18363376-1	2008	In an attempt to generate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands selective for the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 subtype receptors we designed and synthesized constrained versions of anabasine, a naturally occurring nAChR ligand.	Anabasine	186-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-58
18363376-1	2008	In an attempt to generate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands selective for the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 subtype receptors we designed and synthesized constrained versions of anabasine, a naturally occurring nAChR ligand.	Anabasine	186-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
18363376-1	2008	In an attempt to generate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands selective for the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 subtype receptors we designed and synthesized constrained versions of anabasine, a naturally occurring nAChR ligand.	Anabasine	186-195	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	219-224
18385335-4	2008	The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine attenuated the cholinergic signals evoked by either compound.	Mecamylamine	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
18385335-5	2008	Cholinergic signals evoked by ABT-089 were more efficaciously attenuated by the relatively beta2*-selective nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	pozanicline	30-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
18385335-5	2008	Cholinergic signals evoked by ABT-089 were more efficaciously attenuated by the relatively beta2*-selective nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	125-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
18342165-3	2008	Varenicline is the first in a new class of agents for smoking cessation, the alpha(4)beta(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) partial agonists.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
18342165-5	2008	As a nAChR partial agonist, varenicline attenuates the craving and withdrawal symptoms that occur with abstinence from nicotine and also reduces the rewarding effects of nicotine obtained from smoking in patients who lapse.	Varenicline	28-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
20641602-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
18298895-9	2008	Hump currents blocked by the alpha4beta2-nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine were reduced when alpha4beta2-nAChR were desensitized, and were more pronounced in the absence of external Ca2+.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	58-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
18385094-5	2008	METHODS: The effect of the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine was tested on human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells in vitro and in a murine model of CNV.	Mecamylamine	57-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
18348519-8	2008	In particular, normal-mode analysis revealed that cobratoxin binding to this protein significantly dampened the axially symmetric motion of the AChBP that may be associated with channel gating in the full nAChR.	achbp	144-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
18298895-9	2008	Hump currents blocked by the alpha4beta2-nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine were reduced when alpha4beta2-nAChR were desensitized, and were more pronounced in the absence of external Ca2+.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	58-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
18037926-11	2008	A greater understanding of nAChR form and function is imperative to guide the design of ligands with subtype-selective efficacy for improved therapeutic interventions in nicotine addiction as well as Parkinson"s disease.	Nicotine	170-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
18037926-7	2008	We will also review how nicotine, acting via nAChR desensitization, promotes the sensitivity of dopamine synapses to activity.	Nicotine	24-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
17993502-1	2008	The molecular basis of anesthetic interaction with membrane proteins has been explored via determination of anesthetic effects on the structure and dynamics of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR.	dodecylphosphocholine	290-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	230-262
17993502-1	2008	The molecular basis of anesthetic interaction with membrane proteins has been explored via determination of anesthetic effects on the structure and dynamics of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR.	dodecylphosphocholine	290-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	264-269
17993502-1	2008	The molecular basis of anesthetic interaction with membrane proteins has been explored via determination of anesthetic effects on the structure and dynamics of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR.	dodecylphosphocholine	313-316	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	230-262
17993502-1	2008	The molecular basis of anesthetic interaction with membrane proteins has been explored via determination of anesthetic effects on the structure and dynamics of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit in dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR.	dodecylphosphocholine	313-316	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	264-269
18088060-4	2008	Thus, the authors developed [(18)F]norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine ([(18)F]NCFHEB) for nAChR imaging.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	35-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
18228017-7	2008	Because of the extraordinary long acquisition time with 2-[(18)F]F-A-85380, we developed the new alpha4beta2 nAChR-specific radioligands (+)- and (-)-[(18)F]norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) and evaluated them preclinically.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	157-189	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Tetracaine	56-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Tetracaine	56-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	299-304
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Phosphatidylcholines	194-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Phosphatidic Acids	254-271	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Phosphatidic Acids	342-359	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
18055762-2	2008	Infrared difference spectra show that concentrations of tetracaine consistent with binding to the ion channel (<50 microM) stabilize a resting-like state when the nAChR is reconstituted into phosphatidylcholine membranes containing the anionic lipid, phosphatidic acid, but have no effect on the nAChR reconstituted into membranes lacking phosphatidic acid, either in the presence or absence of cholesterol.	Cholesterol	398-409	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
18055762-6	2008	However, subtle membrane-dependent variations in the vibrations of tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and agonist analog binding studies indicate that the structures of the agonist-bound neurotransmitter sites of the nAChR in membranes lacking both phosphatidic acid and cholesterol differ from the structures of the agonist-desensitized neurotransmitter sites in the presence of both lipids.	Tyrosine	67-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-221
18055762-6	2008	However, subtle membrane-dependent variations in the vibrations of tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and agonist analog binding studies indicate that the structures of the agonist-bound neurotransmitter sites of the nAChR in membranes lacking both phosphatidic acid and cholesterol differ from the structures of the agonist-desensitized neurotransmitter sites in the presence of both lipids.	Tryptophan	80-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-221
18055762-6	2008	However, subtle membrane-dependent variations in the vibrations of tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and agonist analog binding studies indicate that the structures of the agonist-bound neurotransmitter sites of the nAChR in membranes lacking both phosphatidic acid and cholesterol differ from the structures of the agonist-desensitized neurotransmitter sites in the presence of both lipids.	Phosphatidic Acids	248-265	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-221
18055762-6	2008	However, subtle membrane-dependent variations in the vibrations of tyrosine and tryptophan residues, and agonist analog binding studies indicate that the structures of the agonist-bound neurotransmitter sites of the nAChR in membranes lacking both phosphatidic acid and cholesterol differ from the structures of the agonist-desensitized neurotransmitter sites in the presence of both lipids.	Cholesterol	270-281	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	216-221
18088060-13	2008	Continuous administration of the nAChR agonist A81418 inhibited the specific binding of (-)- and (+)-[(18)F]NCFHEB but not of 2-[(18)F]F-A85380.	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	47-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
18083118-0	2008	Epibatidine binds to four sites on the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-79
18248893-10	2008	These results suggested that nicotine could modulate the immune balance to Th1-dominant via nAChR in the intestine, to improve Th2-type enteritis.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Mecamylamine	114-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
18305393-4	2008	Nicotine inhibited ROS generation in fAbeta(1-42)-stimulated microglial cells, and this inhibition was blocked by mecamylamine, a non-selective nAChR antagonist, and a-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist.	Mecamylamine	114-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
18248893-0	2008	Chronic nicotine stimulation modulates the immune response of mucosal T cells to Th1-dominant pattern via nAChR by upregulation of Th1-specific transcriptional factor.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
18083118-3	2008	Here we demonstrate directly that each Torpedo nAChR carries at least four binding sites for the potent neuronal nAChR agonist, epibatidine, i.e., twice as many sites as for alpha-bungarotoxin.	epibatidine	128-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
18083118-3	2008	Here we demonstrate directly that each Torpedo nAChR carries at least four binding sites for the potent neuronal nAChR agonist, epibatidine, i.e., twice as many sites as for alpha-bungarotoxin.	epibatidine	128-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
17942622-7	2007	We also found that a mixture of nAChR subtypes underlies the synaptic modulation in SNc, further distinguishing this nucleus from the VTA, where alpha7 nAChRs enhance glutamate inputs and non-alpha7 receptors enhance GABA inputs.	Glutamic Acid	167-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
18005395-8	2008	nAChR expression increases when cells are chronically exposed to either selective antagonists or agonists such as nicotine, a protocol mimicking the condition of chronic heavy smokers.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
17977823-3	2008	We find that up-regulation of [(3)H]epibatidine binding and function in HEK293 cells stably expressing alpha4beta2-nAChR is significantly enhanced by co-application of the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha.	epibatidine	36-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
18296273-0	2008	Ultrastructural visualization of the transmembranous and cytomatrix-related part of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of frog motor endplate by means of an immunochemical avidity of IgG for d-tubocurarine.	Tubocurarine	189-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	123-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	123-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	123-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	139-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	139-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	Tubocurarine	139-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	quaternary ammonium	148-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	quaternary ammonium	148-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
18296273-1	2008	In the present study, a fine ultrastructural localization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was attempted, using d-tubocurarine (d-TC), a quaternary ammonium compound binding to nAChR.	quaternary ammonium	148-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
18296273-11	2008	These cytochemical results confirm that d-TC binds to ACh binding sites in the pore of nAChR, and raise the question of DAB staining of cytoskeletal proteins related to the nAChR complex.	Tubocurarine	40-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
18296273-11	2008	These cytochemical results confirm that d-TC binds to ACh binding sites in the pore of nAChR, and raise the question of DAB staining of cytoskeletal proteins related to the nAChR complex.	Acetylcholine	54-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
17986233-8	2008	These results suggest that [(18)F]NIDA522131 is a promising positron emission tomography radioligand for studying extrathalamic nAChR in humans.	nida522131	34-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-133
17959745-8	2008	The use of a alpha7/5-hydroxytryptamine type-3 chimera revealed that the N-terminal domain of alpha7 nAChR was sufficient to faithfully reproduce the pharmacology of [(3)H]A-585539 binding.	Serotonin	22-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
18225945-3	2008	To address the mechanical fundamentals of nAChR gating, both conventional molecular dynamics (CMD) and steered rotation molecular dynamics (SRMD) simulations have been conducted on the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of nAChR embedded in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer and water molecules.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	253-283	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
18225945-3	2008	To address the mechanical fundamentals of nAChR gating, both conventional molecular dynamics (CMD) and steered rotation molecular dynamics (SRMD) simulations have been conducted on the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of nAChR embedded in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer and water molecules.	1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine	285-289	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
18225945-3	2008	To address the mechanical fundamentals of nAChR gating, both conventional molecular dynamics (CMD) and steered rotation molecular dynamics (SRMD) simulations have been conducted on the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of nAChR embedded in a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer and water molecules.	Water	303-308	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	214-219
17600315-8	2007	We then focused on the mechanisms responsible for nicotine-induced fibronectin expression in NSCLC cells and found that nicotine stimulated the surface expression of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR), and that alpha-bungarotoxin, an inhibitor of alpha7 nAChR, abolished the nicotine-induced fibronectin response.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	274-279
17600315-10	2007	These observations suggest that nicotine stimulates NSCLC proliferation through induction of fibronectin, and that these events are mediated through nAChR-mediated signals that include ERK and PI3-K/mTOR pathways.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
18155907-4	2008	The agonist effect of the Cy3-3-acylcholine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was confirmed electrophysiologically.	Cy3-3-acylcholine	26-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
17662384-8	2008	The nAChR-induced elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) response in undifferentiated cells was due to Ca(2+) influx.	Calcium	45-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
17662384-9	2008	In differentiated P19 neurons the nAChR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response was reduced following pretreatment with ryanodine, while the mAChR-induced response was unaffected indicating the contribution of Ca(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive stores to nAChR- but not mAChR-mediated Ca(2+) responses.	Ryanodine	109-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
17662384-9	2008	In differentiated P19 neurons the nAChR-induced [Ca(2+)](i) response was reduced following pretreatment with ryanodine, while the mAChR-induced response was unaffected indicating the contribution of Ca(2+) release from ryanodine-sensitive stores to nAChR- but not mAChR-mediated Ca(2+) responses.	Ryanodine	219-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
18183531-3	2008	The examination of selective alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists suggests that both receptor subtypes mediate improvement in attention, learning and working memory.	Acetylcholine	62-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
19079602-4	2008	In the last decade, localization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a specific receptor of nicotine, has been widely detected in non-excitable cells.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
19079602-4	2008	In the last decade, localization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a specific receptor of nicotine, has been widely detected in non-excitable cells.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19079602-5	2008	Therefore, we hypothesized that nicotine affect growth plate chondrocytes directly and specifically through nAChR to delay skeletal growth.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
19079602-10	2008	Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, reversed the inhibition of matrix synthesis and functional calcium signal by nicotine in human growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.	methyllycaconitine	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19079602-10	2008	Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, reversed the inhibition of matrix synthesis and functional calcium signal by nicotine in human growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.	methyllycaconitine	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19079602-10	2008	Methyllycaconitine (MLA), a specific antagonist of alpha7 nAChR, reversed the inhibition of matrix synthesis and functional calcium signal by nicotine in human growth plate chondrocytes in vitro.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
19079602-12	2008	Maternal nicotine exposure resulted in delayed skeletal growth of alpha7 nAChR +/+ fetuses but not in alpha7 nAChR -/- fetuses, implying that skeletal growth retardation by nicotine is specifically mediated via fetal alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
19079602-12	2008	Maternal nicotine exposure resulted in delayed skeletal growth of alpha7 nAChR +/+ fetuses but not in alpha7 nAChR -/- fetuses, implying that skeletal growth retardation by nicotine is specifically mediated via fetal alpha7 nAChR.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
19079602-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that nicotine, from cigarette smoking, acts directly on growth plate chondrocytes to decrease matrix synthesis, suppress hypertrophic differentiation via alpha7 nAChR, leading to delayed skeletal growth.	Nicotine	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
18157476-4	2007	In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP-like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-58
18157476-4	2007	In the present study, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes and relevant neurotransmitter releases involved in LTP-like response induced by nicotine were investigated by extracellularly recording the PS in the pyramidal cell layer in the hippocampal CA1 region in vitro.	Nicotine	156-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
17942622-7	2007	We also found that a mixture of nAChR subtypes underlies the synaptic modulation in SNc, further distinguishing this nucleus from the VTA, where alpha7 nAChRs enhance glutamate inputs and non-alpha7 receptors enhance GABA inputs.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	217-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
17942622-9	2007	Thus the observed differences in nicotine-induced DA release from VTA and SNc are likely due to differences in nAChR expression on the afferent inputs as well as on the DA neurons themselves.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
17936462-5	2007	Exposure to nicotine upregulates nAChRs and nAChR currents and produces LTP of excitatory inputs to midbrain DA neurons.	Nicotine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
17973360-2	2007	Docking simulations indicated that ligand-nAChR complexes were formed by hydrophobic interactions with the cleft and hydrogen bond interactions.	Hydrogen	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
17936462-9	2007	A model is proposed in which nicotine exposure regimens that produce transient nAChR upregulation and LTP consequently produce long-lasting sensitization of midbrain DA neuron reactivity and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17936462-9	2007	A model is proposed in which nicotine exposure regimens that produce transient nAChR upregulation and LTP consequently produce long-lasting sensitization of midbrain DA neuron reactivity and nicotine-induced behaviors.	Nicotine	191-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17878927-6	2007	Placenta cells express the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), and using cholinergic antagonists, we demonstrated that the antiinflammatory effect of nicotine and other cholinergic agonists is, in part, mediated through the nAChR pathway.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17929796-0	2007	Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes as novel alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor selective agonists.	3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes	57-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-142
17929796-1	2007	A series of novel, potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands derived from 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane have been synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity and agonist activity at the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane	97-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-67
17929796-1	2007	A series of novel, potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands derived from 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane have been synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity and agonist activity at the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane	97-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
17929796-2	2007	Structure-activity relationship studies of these novel nAChR ligands focused on substitution effects on the pyridine ring, as well as stereo- and regiochemical influences of the 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane core.	pyridine	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
17929796-2	2007	Structure-activity relationship studies of these novel nAChR ligands focused on substitution effects on the pyridine ring, as well as stereo- and regiochemical influences of the 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane core.	3,6-Diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane	178-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
17929796-5	2007	Most of the 6-N-pyridinyl-substituted 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes are selective for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	6-n-pyridinyl-substituted 3,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes	12-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r	12-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r)	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r)	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r	12-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17929796-8	2007	(1R,5R)-39, (1R,5R)-41, and (1R,5R)-42 were found to be much more potent at the halpha3beta4 nAChR subtype, whereas (1R,5R)-38 and (1R,5R)-40 were very selective at the halpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	(1r,5r	12-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17662959-4	2007	Key events in the evolution of the nAChR field were the development of high throughput electrophysiological screening tools that provided the means to enable lead optimization efforts in medicinal chemistry and the discovery by John Daly at the NIH of the frog alkaloid, epibatidine, that provided the framework for the discovery of ABT-594, an alpha4beta2 agonist that is 200 times more potent than morphine as an analgesic.	epibatidine	271-282	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17543588-4	2007	These effects were blocked by specific antagonists of nAChR (mecamylamine), 5-HT(3) (Y-25130), and TRPV1 (capsazepine).	Mecamylamine	61-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
17689497-5	2007	When expressed on postsynaptic membranes, nAChR-initiated calcium signals and depolarization activate intracellular signaling mechanisms and gene transcription.	Calcium	58-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
17728248-3	2007	Interactions between nAChR subunits and ERp57 occur via transient intermolecular disulfide bonds and do not require subunit N-linked glycosylation.	Disulfides	81-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
17707779-2	2007	In the context of ligand gated ion channels such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), it implies that endogenous ligand acetylcholine binds at the orthosteric site, and that molecules that bind elsewhere on the nAChR subunit(s) acts via allosteric interactions.	Acetylcholine	62-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
17662959-4	2007	Key events in the evolution of the nAChR field were the development of high throughput electrophysiological screening tools that provided the means to enable lead optimization efforts in medicinal chemistry and the discovery by John Daly at the NIH of the frog alkaloid, epibatidine, that provided the framework for the discovery of ABT-594, an alpha4beta2 agonist that is 200 times more potent than morphine as an analgesic.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	333-336	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17662959-4	2007	Key events in the evolution of the nAChR field were the development of high throughput electrophysiological screening tools that provided the means to enable lead optimization efforts in medicinal chemistry and the discovery by John Daly at the NIH of the frog alkaloid, epibatidine, that provided the framework for the discovery of ABT-594, an alpha4beta2 agonist that is 200 times more potent than morphine as an analgesic.	Morphine	400-408	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17869436-0	2007	Potentiation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by aluminum in mammalian neurons.	Aluminum	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-52
17869436-6	2007	Al(3+) appeared to increase the affinity of nicotine to nAChR but not the efficacy.	ALUMINUM ION	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
17869436-9	2007	The present results indicated that Al(3+) enhanced the function of nAChR and this potentiation might underlie the neurological alteration induced by Al(3+).	ALUMINUM ION	35-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
17869436-9	2007	The present results indicated that Al(3+) enhanced the function of nAChR and this potentiation might underlie the neurological alteration induced by Al(3+).	ALUMINUM ION	149-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
17869436-6	2007	Al(3+) appeared to increase the affinity of nicotine to nAChR but not the efficacy.	Nicotine	44-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
17913920-0	2007	Hippocampal alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involvement in the enhancing effect of acute nicotine on contextual fear conditioning.	Nicotine	102-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-56
17628012-0	2007	The endocannabinoid anandamide inhibits the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Endocannabinoids	4-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-101
17628012-0	2007	The endocannabinoid anandamide inhibits the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	anandamide	20-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-101
17628012-1	2007	The effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) on the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.	anandamide	35-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
17628012-1	2007	The effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) on the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.	anandamide	47-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-141
17628012-1	2007	The effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) on the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.	anandamide	47-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
17628012-1	2007	The effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) on the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.	anandamide	72-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-141
17628012-1	2007	The effects of the endocannabinoid anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide, AEA) on the function of alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) stably expressed in SH-EP1 cells were investigated using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique.	anandamide	72-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
17628012-7	2007	Moreover, BSA alone increased peak ACh current amplitudes and diminished desensitization rates in naive cells, suggesting a tonic modulation of alpha4beta2 nAChR function by an endogenous AEA-like lipid.	anandamide	188-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
17628012-8	2007	Further analysis of AEA effects on alpha4beta2 nAChR-mediated currents, using a two-stage desensitization model, indicated that the first forward rate constant leading to desensitization, k(1), increased nearly 30-fold as a linear function of the AEA concentration.	anandamide	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
17628012-8	2007	Further analysis of AEA effects on alpha4beta2 nAChR-mediated currents, using a two-stage desensitization model, indicated that the first forward rate constant leading to desensitization, k(1), increased nearly 30-fold as a linear function of the AEA concentration.	anandamide	247-250	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
17898222-5	2007	In particular, a 24 h exposure to nicotine decreased proteasome-dependent degradation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, as indicated by the accumulation of ubiquitinated alpha7.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
17898222-8	2007	The nAChR antagonist mecamylamine was only partially able to block the effects of nicotine on the UPS, indicating that nAChR activation does not completely explain nicotine-induced inhibition of proteasomal catalytic activity.	Mecamylamine	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
17722904-2	2007	Several of the analogues are potent antagonists of the homomeric alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), displaying nanomolar binding affinities and inhibiting acetylcholine-evoked signaling through the receptor in a competitive manner.	Acetylcholine	82-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
17632185-10	2007	The study indicates that galantamine and risperidone may have synergistic effect on the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients by synergistically promoting the nAChR activation-dependent increase of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission.	Galantamine	25-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
17768273-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Results of analyses ranging from basic biological approaches to clinical outcome data provide consistent evidence that 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CHRNA4 are functional at a biological level and are associated with nicotine dependence phenotypes.	Nicotine	237-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-175
17632185-10	2007	The study indicates that galantamine and risperidone may have synergistic effect on the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients by synergistically promoting the nAChR activation-dependent increase of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission.	Risperidone	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
17616467-4	2007	These results suggest that while nAChR expression is similarly decreased in the striatum of motor-asymptomatic and motor-symptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys, there are differences in beta2* and beta4* nAChR expression in cortical regions in these two conditions.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	133-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-147
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Cocaine	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-147
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Cocaine	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Cocaine	169-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-147
17530475-2	2007	Nicotine and cocaine are commonly coabused drugs in humans and recent work in animals suggests that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) can increase cocaine self-administration.	Cocaine	169-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-108
17699659-6	2007	We found a positive correlation between the response to novelty and nAChR function in each assay conducted, including nAChR modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons, as well as somatic nAChR responses of VTA neurons.	Dopamine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
17699659-6	2007	We found a positive correlation between the response to novelty and nAChR function in each assay conducted, including nAChR modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons, as well as somatic nAChR responses of VTA neurons.	Dopamine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
17699659-6	2007	We found a positive correlation between the response to novelty and nAChR function in each assay conducted, including nAChR modulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons, as well as somatic nAChR responses of VTA neurons.	Dopamine	189-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-123
17699659-8	2007	Consistent with this observation, we found enhanced nAChR responses in vitro after a 48 h corticosterone treatment and in vivo after 48 h of repeated stress.	Corticosterone	90-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
17699659-10	2007	These findings suggest that differences in nAChR function within the mesoaccumbens dopamine system may contribute to individual differences in drug abuse vulnerability and that these are likely attributable to differences in stress hormone levels.	Dopamine	83-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
17383007-3	2007	Chronic nicotine exposure differentially affects the number, subunit composition, stoichiometry and functional state of some nAChR subtypes, leaving others substantially unaffected.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
17383007-4	2007	In this review, we will summarise recent data concerning the nAChR subtypes expressed in the CNS, and how they are regulated by means of chronic nicotine and/or nicotinic drugs.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
17654292-7	2007	Short-term and prolonged 3-day exposures of SH-SY5Y cells to either TPM or nicotine at nicotine concentrations ranging from 0.2 microM to 20 microM increased specific binding, suggesting upregulation of nAChR expression.	Topiramate	68-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
17654292-7	2007	Short-term and prolonged 3-day exposures of SH-SY5Y cells to either TPM or nicotine at nicotine concentrations ranging from 0.2 microM to 20 microM increased specific binding, suggesting upregulation of nAChR expression.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
17854561-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effects of Tianshen Yizhi Recipe (TSYZR), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on decreased expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the neurotoxicity as well as lipid peroxidation induced by beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Acetylcholine	168-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
17554626-5	2007	The target for nicotine is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-72
17554626-5	2007	The target for nicotine is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	15-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Hexamethonium	128-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-108
17784838-6	2007	Furthermore, the antiapoptotic effect of nicotine was blocked completely by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist hexamethonium.	Hexamethonium	128-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
17585748-2	2007	Several N-(3-pyridinyl) derivatives of bridged bicyclic diamines exhibit double-digit-picomolar binding affinities for the alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, placing them with epibatidine among the most potent nAChR ligands described to date.	n-(3-pyridinyl)	8-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
17614369-2	2007	In the present study, the homopentameric mollusk ACh binding protein (AChBP), used as a surrogate for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the nAChR, was specifically derivatized by the highly potent agonist azidoepibatidine (AzEPI) prepared as a photoaffinity probe and radioligand.	azidoepibatidine	214-230	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17614369-2	2007	In the present study, the homopentameric mollusk ACh binding protein (AChBP), used as a surrogate for the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the nAChR, was specifically derivatized by the highly potent agonist azidoepibatidine (AzEPI) prepared as a photoaffinity probe and radioligand.	azepi	232-237	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
17614369-7	2007	[3H]AzEPI binds to the alpha4beta2 nAChR at a single high-affinity site and photoaffinity-labels only the alpha4 subunit, presumably modifying Tyr225 spatially corresponding to Tyr195 of AChBP.	Tritium	1-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17614369-7	2007	[3H]AzEPI binds to the alpha4beta2 nAChR at a single high-affinity site and photoaffinity-labels only the alpha4 subunit, presumably modifying Tyr225 spatially corresponding to Tyr195 of AChBP.	azepi	4-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17614369-8	2007	Phe137 of the beta2 nAChR subunit, equivalent to Met116 of AChBP, conceivably lacks sufficient reactivity with the nitrene generated from the probe.	achbp	59-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
17614369-9	2007	The present photoaffinity labeling in a physiologically relevant condition combined with the crystal structure of AChBP allows development of precise structural models for the AzEPI interactions with AChBP and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	achbp	114-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	222-227
17614369-9	2007	The present photoaffinity labeling in a physiologically relevant condition combined with the crystal structure of AChBP allows development of precise structural models for the AzEPI interactions with AChBP and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	azepi	176-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	222-227
17614369-10	2007	These findings enabled us to use AChBP as a structural surrogate to define the nAChR agonist site.	achbp	33-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17585748-2	2007	Several N-(3-pyridinyl) derivatives of bridged bicyclic diamines exhibit double-digit-picomolar binding affinities for the alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, placing them with epibatidine among the most potent nAChR ligands described to date.	bicyclic diamines	47-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
17585748-2	2007	Several N-(3-pyridinyl) derivatives of bridged bicyclic diamines exhibit double-digit-picomolar binding affinities for the alpha 4 beta 2 subtype, placing them with epibatidine among the most potent nAChR ligands described to date.	epibatidine	165-176	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
17585748-3	2007	Structure-activity studies have revealed that substitutions, particularly hydrophilic groups in the pyridine 5-position, differentially modulate the agonist activity at ganglionic vs central nAChR subtypes, so that improved subtype selectivity can be demonstrated in vitro.	pyridine	100-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
17552523-5	2007	The very low water density in the middle of the nAChR pore indicated the existence of a hydrophobic constriction.	Water	13-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
17656829-6	2007	The use of nAChR agonists and antagonists in some of these studies lends support to the proposed allosteric potentiating ligand activity of galantamine at nAChRs.	Galantamine	140-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
18221220-7	2007	Initially identified nAChR allosteric modulators, including 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), galantamine, bovine serum albumin, and SLURP-1, are weak and nonselective.	5-hydroxyindole	77-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
17595341-1	2007	The acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) is homologous to the ligand-binding domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and other members of the Cys-loop family of neurotransmitter receptors.	Cysteine	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
17595341-1	2007	The acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP) is homologous to the ligand-binding domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and other members of the Cys-loop family of neurotransmitter receptors.	Cysteine	158-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
17481657-1	2007	Rapid neurotransmission is mediated through a superfamily of Cys-loop receptors that includes the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)), serotonin (5-HT(3)) and glycine receptors.	nicotinic acetylcholine	98-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
17481657-10	2007	X-ray structures of cocaine and galanthamine bound to AChBP (1.8 A and 2.9 A resolution, respectively) reveal interactions deep within the subunit interface and the absence of a contact surface with the tip of loop C. Hence, in addition to channel blocking, non-competitive interactions with heteromeric neuronal nAChR appear to occur at the non-alpha subunit interface, a site presumed to be similar to that of modulating benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors.	Cocaine	20-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	313-318
17481657-10	2007	X-ray structures of cocaine and galanthamine bound to AChBP (1.8 A and 2.9 A resolution, respectively) reveal interactions deep within the subunit interface and the absence of a contact surface with the tip of loop C. Hence, in addition to channel blocking, non-competitive interactions with heteromeric neuronal nAChR appear to occur at the non-alpha subunit interface, a site presumed to be similar to that of modulating benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors.	Galantamine	32-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	313-318
18221220-4	2007	An attractive alternative approach to modulating alpha7 nAChR function is to enhance the effects of the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) through positive allosteric modulation (PAM).	Acetylcholine	132-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
18221220-7	2007	Initially identified nAChR allosteric modulators, including 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), galantamine, bovine serum albumin, and SLURP-1, are weak and nonselective.	5-hydroxyindole	60-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
17686198-4	2007	Using choline as a nAChR partially subtype-specific agonist, we found that the majority of DS GCs demonstrated responses to choline while under synaptic blockade.	Choline	6-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
17686198-4	2007	Using choline as a nAChR partially subtype-specific agonist, we found that the majority of DS GCs demonstrated responses to choline while under synaptic blockade.	Choline	124-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
17434679-1	2007	Nicotine, the major psychoactive ingredient in tobacco interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is believed to have neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects on the developing brain.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
17434679-3	2007	Thus, developmental nicotine could have opposite effects in different brain regions, depending on nAChR subtype expression.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
17434679-4	2007	Here, we determined if chronic neonatal nicotine exposure (CNN), during a period of brain growth corresponding to the third human trimester, differentially regulates nAChR expression, cell death, and morphological properties in hippocampus and cerebellum, two structures maturing postnatally.	Nicotine	40-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
17434679-11	2007	Thus, the hippocampus seems to be more sensitive than the cerebellum to CNN which could result from different nAChR subtype expression and might explain long-lasting altered cognitive functions correlated with gestational nicotine exposure due to changes in hippocampal cell morphology.	Nicotine	222-230	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
18221220-7	2007	Initially identified nAChR allosteric modulators, including 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), galantamine, bovine serum albumin, and SLURP-1, are weak and nonselective.	Galantamine	84-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
17286989-8	2007	These results suggest that both SLURP-1 and SLURP-2 are expressed in various immune cells and organs, and that not only ACh but also SLURPs may be involved in regulating lymphocyte function via nAChR-mediated pathways.	Acetylcholine	120-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
17314009-0	2007	JN403, in vitro characterization of a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 selective agonist.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-76
17510389-1	2007	Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
17510389-4	2007	Five nonmalignant HBECs were exposed to nicotine in vitro to study the variation of nAChR subunit gene expression with nicotine exposure and removal.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
17510389-8	2007	nAChR alpha1, alpha5, and alpha7 showed significant reversible changes in expression levels in HBECs upon nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	106-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
17510389-10	2007	Finally, nicotine exposure in HBECs resulted in reversible differences in nAChR subunit gene expression.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
17289799-9	2007	This effect was reversed by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	49-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(s)-(1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid	129-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-97
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(s)-(1-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid	129-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
17391965-1	2007	(S)-Aporphine metho salts with the 1,2,9,10 oxygenation pattern displaced radioligands from recombinant human alpha7 and alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at low micromolar concentrations.	(s)-aporphine metho salts	0-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-175
17391965-1	2007	(S)-Aporphine metho salts with the 1,2,9,10 oxygenation pattern displaced radioligands from recombinant human alpha7 and alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) at low micromolar concentrations.	(s)-aporphine metho salts	0-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
17391965-3	2007	At homomeric alpha7 nAChR, xanthoplanine had the highest affinity (K(i)=10 microM) vs [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin while the other three compounds displaced the radioligand with K(i) values between 15 and 21 microM.	Xanthoplanine	27-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
17510389-1	2007	Nicotine and its derivatives, by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) on bronchial epithelial cells, can regulate cellular proliferation and apoptosis via activating the Akt pathway.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-77
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(s)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester	178-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-97
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(s)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester	178-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
17314009-4	2007	Functionally, JN403 is a partial and potent agonist at human nAChR alpha7.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	14-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
17314009-5	2007	The compound stimulates calcium influx in GH3 cells recombinantly expressing the human nAChR with an pEC(50) of 7.0 and an E(max) of 85% (compared to the full agonist epibatidine).	Calcium	24-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	122-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-97
17314009-5	2007	The compound stimulates calcium influx in GH3 cells recombinantly expressing the human nAChR with an pEC(50) of 7.0 and an E(max) of 85% (compared to the full agonist epibatidine).	epibatidine	167-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
17314009-7	2007	In both recombinant systems JN403 is a partial agonist and the agonistic effects are blocked after pre-administration of methyllycaconitine (MLA, 100nM), a nAChR alpha7 antagonist.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	28-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
17314009-1	2007	This report describes the in vitro features of a novel selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) alpha7 agonist, JN403, (S)-(1-Aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)-carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl ester.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	122-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
17314009-7	2007	In both recombinant systems JN403 is a partial agonist and the agonistic effects are blocked after pre-administration of methyllycaconitine (MLA, 100nM), a nAChR alpha7 antagonist.	methyllycaconitine	121-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
17314009-7	2007	In both recombinant systems JN403 is a partial agonist and the agonistic effects are blocked after pre-administration of methyllycaconitine (MLA, 100nM), a nAChR alpha7 antagonist.	methyllycaconitine	141-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
17300943-0	2007	Actions between neonicotinoids and key residues of insect nAChR based on an ab initio quantum chemistry study: hydrogen bonding and cooperative pi-pi interaction.	Neonicotinoids	16-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
17314009-10	2007	Thus, JN403 is a potent and selective nAChR alpha7 agonist and will be a useful tool for the characterization of nAChR alpha7 mediated effects both in vitro and in vivo.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	6-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
17314009-10	2007	Thus, JN403 is a potent and selective nAChR alpha7 agonist and will be a useful tool for the characterization of nAChR alpha7 mediated effects both in vitro and in vivo.	(S)-(1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-3-yl)carbamic acid (S)-1-(2-fluorophenyl) ethyl ester	6-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
17300943-0	2007	Actions between neonicotinoids and key residues of insect nAChR based on an ab initio quantum chemistry study: hydrogen bonding and cooperative pi-pi interaction.	Hydrogen	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
17300943-1	2007	Neonicotinoid insecticides show selective actions on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
17300943-1	2007	Neonicotinoid insecticides show selective actions on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
17300943-3	2007	To investigate the selective mechanism, a computational model was set up to simulate the interaction between residues (Trp and Arg) of insect nAChR and neonicotinoids by quantum chemistry method.	Tryptophan	119-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
17300943-3	2007	To investigate the selective mechanism, a computational model was set up to simulate the interaction between residues (Trp and Arg) of insect nAChR and neonicotinoids by quantum chemistry method.	Arginine	127-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
17465209-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Molecular events following nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by nicotine are poorly understood.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-71
17392029-10	2007	In summary, computer modeling visualized possible modes of binding for those weak toxins which interact with the nAChR, provided no solutions for those weak toxins whose targets are not the nAChRs, and demonstrated that the additional disulfide in loop I cannot be a sound criteria for joining all weak toxins into one group; the conclusion about the diversity of weak toxins made from computer modeling is in accord with the earlier phylogenetic analysis.	Disulfides	235-244	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
17465209-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Molecular events following nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation by nicotine are poorly understood.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
17142275-3	2007	In this study, we determined the structure and backbone dynamics of an extended segment encompassing the first TM domain (TM1e) of nAChR beta(2) subunit in dodecylphosphocholine micelles, using solution-state NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.	dodecylphosphocholine	156-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
17065235-1	2007	5-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (TMAQ) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with strong selectivity for beta4-containing receptors.	5-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1h-quinolin-2-one	0-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
17329297-3	2007	The present study assessed the safety, tolerability and effect on cognition of ispronicline, a highly selective partial agonist at the 4beta2 nAChR, in elderly subjects (n =76) with age associated memory impairment (AAMI).	ispronicline	79-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	332-337
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Nicotine	292-300	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-267
17353944-2	2007	Varenicline, recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products as an aid to smoking cessation treatment, has a novel mechanism of action, targeting the specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) associated with nicotine-induced behaviors (alpha4beta2 nAChR).	Nicotine	292-300	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	269-274
17065235-1	2007	5-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (TMAQ) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with strong selectivity for beta4-containing receptors.	5-(trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1h-quinolin-2-one	0-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
17065235-1	2007	5-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (TMAQ) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with strong selectivity for beta4-containing receptors.	tmaq	70-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-119
17065235-1	2007	5-(Trifluoromethyl)-6-(1-methyl-azepan-4-yl)methyl-1H-quinolin-2-one (TMAQ) is a novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with strong selectivity for beta4-containing receptors.	tmaq	70-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
17082486-4	2007	Unexpectedly, nAChR antagonism not only abolished nicotine-induced HMVEC migration but also abolished migration induced by bFGF and attenuated migration induced by VEGF.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-19
17082486-9	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine promotes angiogenesis via stimulation of nAChR-dependent endothelial cell migration.	Nicotine	13-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
17103466-6	2007	This analysis revealed the peculiar behaviour of the ammonium moiety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands towards the picrate anion.	Ammonium Compounds	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-104
17103466-6	2007	This analysis revealed the peculiar behaviour of the ammonium moiety of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands towards the picrate anion.	Ammonium Compounds	53-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
17103466-9	2007	The experimental and theoretical studies performed on the nicotine and ACh cations consistently show the significant HB ability of the acceptor site of nAChR agonists in their charged form.	Nicotine	58-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
17103466-9	2007	The experimental and theoretical studies performed on the nicotine and ACh cations consistently show the significant HB ability of the acceptor site of nAChR agonists in their charged form.	Acetylcholine	71-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
16906354-2	2007	In the present work we reviewed recent advances concerning neuroprotective/neurotrophic effects of acute or chronic nicotine exposure, and the signalling pathways mediating these effects, including mechanisms implicated in nicotine addiction and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	116-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	246-251
16906354-3	2007	Experimental and clinical data largely indicate long-lasting effects of nicotine and nicotinic agonists that imply a neuroprotective/neurotrophic role of nAChR activation, involving mainly alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-159
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Nicotine	14-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	epibatidine	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	epibatidine	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	epibatidine	27-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Dopamine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Dopamine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17141870-5	2007	Comparison of nicotine and epibatidine, two nAChR agonists whose relative affinities for various nAChR subtypes differ, revealed differences in the nAChR-mediated regulation of dopaminergic activation between these dopamine systems.	Dopamine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
17105227-3	2006	To facilitate the purification of the nAChR labeled subunits, we tagged the ligand with a desthiobiotin moiety.	desthiobiotin	90-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
20641870-8	2004	2-(+/-)-2-exo-(2"-Fluoro-3"-phenyl-pyridin-5"-yl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (FPhEP) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR antagonist with subnanomolar affinity (6, 7).	2-(+/-)-2-exo-(2"-fluoro-3"-phenyl-pyridin-5"-yl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	0-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
16934977-1	2006	Binding affinities for a range of epibatidine isomers and analogues at the alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR subtypes are reported; compounds having similar N-N distances to epibatidine show similar, high potencies.	epibatidine	34-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
17015027-0	2007	Nicotine activates cell-signaling pathways through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in non-small cell lung cancer cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
17015027-1	2007	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are expressed on non-neuronal cell types, including normal bronchial epithelial cells, and nicotine has been reported to cause Akt activation in cultured normal airway cells.	Nicotine	133-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
17015027-9	2007	Nicotine at a concentration of 10 microM caused phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (p44/42) that could be inhibited using nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
17015027-11	2007	Akt was also phosphorylated in NSCLC cells after exposure to nicotine; this effect was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and antagonists to the neuronal-type nAChR, but not to the muscle-type receptor.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
17015027-11	2007	Akt was also phosphorylated in NSCLC cells after exposure to nicotine; this effect was inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and antagonists to the neuronal-type nAChR, but not to the muscle-type receptor.	2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	3,8-DIAZABICYCLO[4.2.0]OCTANE	88-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-60
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	3,8-DIAZABICYCLO[4.2.0]OCTANE	88-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	Nicotine	220-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	halpha4beta2	247-259	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
17181167-1	2006	A series of potent neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands based on a 3,8-diazabicyclo[4.2.0]octane core have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity and agonist efficacy at the human high affinity nicotine recognition site (halpha4beta2) and in a rat model of persistent nociceptive pain (formalin model).	Formaldehyde	312-320	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
21783722-4	2006	MEK1/2 specific inhibitor UO126 completely blocked NNK-induced ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation, whereas nicotinic receptor nAchR antagonist mecamylamine partially and the selective alpha(7)-nAchR antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin essentially inhibited the NNK-induced ERK1/2 activation and cell proliferation.	Mecamylamine	149-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
17034254-0	2006	Blocking of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channel by chlorpromazine, a noncompetitive inhibitor: A molecular dynamics simulation study.	Chlorpromazine	64-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-48
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-85
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
16949557-2	2006	On a time course longer than that needed to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function, nicotine exposure induces functional inactivation of nAChR, upregulation of nAChR radioligand binding sites, and other alterations of cellular functions.	Nicotine	104-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
16949557-3	2006	To identify possible mechanisms underlying nicotine-induced changes in nAChR numbers and function, we defined changes in gene expression in neuron-like, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells following 24 h of continuous exposure to 1 mM nicotine.	Nicotine	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
16949557-7	2006	Inhibition or reversal of these effects by the general nAChR antagonist, d-tubocurarine, indicated that gene expression changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Tubocurarine	73-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
16949557-7	2006	Inhibition or reversal of these effects by the general nAChR antagonist, d-tubocurarine, indicated that gene expression changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Tubocurarine	73-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
16949557-9	2006	These results suggest that longer-term physiological and psychological effects of nicotine exposure and changes in nAChR expression may be due in part to effects on gene expression initiated by interactions with nAChR.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	212-217
17034254-1	2006	A large series of pharmacological agents, distinct from the typical competitive antagonists, block in a noncompetitive manner the permeability response of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	169-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
17034254-2	2006	Taking the neuroleptic chlorpromazine (CPZ) as an example of such agents, the blocking mechanism of noncompetitive inhibitors to the ion channel pore of the nAChR has been explored at the atomic level using both conventional and steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.	Chlorpromazine	23-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
17034254-2	2006	Taking the neuroleptic chlorpromazine (CPZ) as an example of such agents, the blocking mechanism of noncompetitive inhibitors to the ion channel pore of the nAChR has been explored at the atomic level using both conventional and steered molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.	Chlorpromazine	39-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
17034254-6	2006	The cationic ammonium head of CPZ forms strong hydrogen bonds with Glu262 (alpha), Asp268 (beta), Glu272 (beta), Ser276 (beta), Glu280 (delta), Gln271 (gamma), Glu275 (gamma), and Asn279 (gamma) nAChR residues.	Chlorpromazine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
16935422-1	2006	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely expressed throughout the nervous system, are involved in some fast excitatory neurotransmission, and play an important role in modulating the release of several neurotransmitters, including the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA.	Glutamic Acid	298-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
16935422-1	2006	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely expressed throughout the nervous system, are involved in some fast excitatory neurotransmission, and play an important role in modulating the release of several neurotransmitters, including the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA.	Glutamic Acid	298-307	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
16935422-1	2006	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely expressed throughout the nervous system, are involved in some fast excitatory neurotransmission, and play an important role in modulating the release of several neurotransmitters, including the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	312-316	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-33
16935422-1	2006	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are widely expressed throughout the nervous system, are involved in some fast excitatory neurotransmission, and play an important role in modulating the release of several neurotransmitters, including the major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	312-316	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
16935422-2	2006	We used a recently characterised alpha4beta2 nAChR subunit selective partial agonist, TC-2559, to study the effect of alpha4beta2 nAChR activation on synaptic plasticity in the medio-dorsal perforant pathway input to the dentate gyrus, in the intact nervous system in vivo.	TC 2559	86-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
16935422-3	2006	We show for the first time, that the selective activation of alpha4beta2 containing nAChR can reduce the level of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was reversed by the selective antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DbetaHE).	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	239-264	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
16935422-3	2006	We show for the first time, that the selective activation of alpha4beta2 containing nAChR can reduce the level of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by high frequency stimulation, an effect that was reversed by the selective antagonist, dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DbetaHE).	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	266-273	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
20641387-8	2004	2-Fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine (nifene) is a highly potent and selective nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (6).	2-fluoro-3-[2-((s)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine	0-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
16942759-4	2006	Here we determined if chronic nicotine treatment during a developmental period corresponding to the human third trimester regulates nAChR expression.	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
16942759-7	2006	Expression of heteromeric and homomeric nAChR receptor was evaluated by autoradiography using (125)I-epibatidine and (125)I-alphabungarotoxin, respectively.	i-epibatidine	99-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
20641387-8	2004	2-Fluoro-3-[2-((S)-3-pyrrolinyl)methoxy]pyridine (nifene) is a highly potent and selective nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (6).	nifene	50-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
16782754-5	2006	The aim of this study was to assess the role of these proteins in the signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a synthetic nAChR agonist, on monocytes and macrophages.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	133-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
16782754-5	2006	The aim of this study was to assess the role of these proteins in the signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effect of dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), a synthetic nAChR agonist, on monocytes and macrophages.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	161-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
16782754-8	2006	Treatment with DMPP for 24 and 48 h provoked a mild PLC phosphorylation, which was blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and reversed by PI3K inhibitors.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	15-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
16782754-8	2006	Treatment with DMPP for 24 and 48 h provoked a mild PLC phosphorylation, which was blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine and reversed by PI3K inhibitors.	Mecamylamine	115-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
16782754-11	2006	DMPP also inhibited the thapsigargin-provoked calcium release, indicating that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores might be depleted by treatment with the nAChR agonist.	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	0-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16782754-11	2006	DMPP also inhibited the thapsigargin-provoked calcium release, indicating that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores might be depleted by treatment with the nAChR agonist.	Thapsigargin	24-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16782754-11	2006	DMPP also inhibited the thapsigargin-provoked calcium release, indicating that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores might be depleted by treatment with the nAChR agonist.	Calcium	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16782754-11	2006	DMPP also inhibited the thapsigargin-provoked calcium release, indicating that the endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores might be depleted by treatment with the nAChR agonist.	Calcium	105-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16943556-4	2006	Stimulation of nAChR induced activation of PKC-epsilon, and inhibition of PKC-epsilon by expression of the dominant-negative mutant of PKC-epsilon (DN-PKC-epsilon) or short interfering (siRNA) against PKC-epsilon abolished ADP via decreasing the frequency and quantal size of fused vesicles without affecting basal exocytosis, suggesting that PKC-epsilon is specifically involved in ADP.	Adenosine Diphosphate	383-386	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
16835749-7	2006	Exposure of BEP2D cells to either NNK or NNN in both cases increased their proliferative potential which could be abolished in the presence of nAChR antagonists alpha-bungarotoxin, which worked most effectively against NNK, or mecamylamine, which was most efficient against NNN.	Mecamylamine	227-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
16837557-2	2006	The present studies were done to determine whether long-term nicotine treatment also protected against striatal nicotinic receptor (nAChR) losses after nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	61-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
16837557-7	2006	Chronic nicotine treatment led to a small decrease in alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
16837557-11	2006	In addition, the results showing an improvement in striatal alpha4beta2* and select alpha3/alpha6beta2* nAChR subtypes, combined with previous work, demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment restores and/or protects against the loss of multiple molecular markers after nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
16857741-6	2006	Sazetidine-A competes with very high binding affinity (Ki approximately 0.5 nM) and selectivity for the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (Ki ratio alpha3beta4/alpha4beta2 approximately 24,000).	sazetidine-A	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
16857741-8	2006	However, when it is pre-incubated for 10 min with the receptors, it potently blocks nicotine-stimulated alpha4beta2 nAChR function (IC50 approximately 30 nM).	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	116-121
16943556-2	2006	We showed previously that repetitive stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) induced activity-dependent potentiation (ADP) of large dense-core vesicle (LDCV) exocytosis in chromaffin cells.	Adenosine Diphosphate	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
16825297-1	2006	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) containing alpha4 subunits (alpha4*-nAChR) in combination with beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are among the most abundant, high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-53
16825297-1	2006	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) containing alpha4 subunits (alpha4*-nAChR) in combination with beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are among the most abundant, high-affinity nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
16825297-11	2006	Diversity in alpha4*-nAChR is of potential relevance to nervous system function, disease, and nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
16716265-5	2006	Crystal structures of AChBP, a homologue of the nAChR ligand binding domain, have now been solved in complex with alpha-cobratoxin, alpha-conotoxin PnIA and alpha-conotoxin ImI.	achbp	22-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
16716265-6	2006	The orientation of all three toxins in the ACh binding site confirms many of the predictions obtained from mutagenesis and docking simulations on homology models of mammalian nAChR.	Acetylcholine	43-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-180
16943556-2	2006	We showed previously that repetitive stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) induced activity-dependent potentiation (ADP) of large dense-core vesicle (LDCV) exocytosis in chromaffin cells.	Adenosine Diphosphate	134-137	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Cysteine	78-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
16943556-4	2006	Stimulation of nAChR induced activation of PKC-epsilon, and inhibition of PKC-epsilon by expression of the dominant-negative mutant of PKC-epsilon (DN-PKC-epsilon) or short interfering (siRNA) against PKC-epsilon abolished ADP via decreasing the frequency and quantal size of fused vesicles without affecting basal exocytosis, suggesting that PKC-epsilon is specifically involved in ADP.	Adenosine Diphosphate	223-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
16751247-1	2006	The electrostatic environments near the acetylcholine binding sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and acetylcholinesterase were measured by diffusion-enhanced fluorescence energy transfer (DEFET) to determine the influence of long-range electrostatic interactions on ligand binding kinetics and net binding energy.	Acetylcholine	40-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-107
16751247-1	2006	The electrostatic environments near the acetylcholine binding sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and acetylcholinesterase were measured by diffusion-enhanced fluorescence energy transfer (DEFET) to determine the influence of long-range electrostatic interactions on ligand binding kinetics and net binding energy.	Acetylcholine	40-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
16751247-2	2006	Changes in DEFET from variously charged Tb3+ -chelates revealed net potentials of -20 mV at the nAChR agonist sites and -14 mV at the entrance to the AChE active site, in physiological ionic strength conditions.	tb3+	40-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
16751247-3	2006	The potential at the alphadelta-binding site of the nAChR was determined independently in the presence of d-tubocurarine to be -14 mV; the calculated potential at the alphagamma-site was approximately threefold stronger than at the alphadelta-site.	Tubocurarine	106-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
16751249-1	2006	The electrostatic potentials within the pore of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) were determined using lanthanide-based diffusion-enhanced fluorescence energy transfer experiments.	Lanthanoid Series Elements	115-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
16751249-1	2006	The electrostatic potentials within the pore of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) were determined using lanthanide-based diffusion-enhanced fluorescence energy transfer experiments.	Lanthanoid Series Elements	115-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
16751249-2	2006	Freely diffusing Tb3+ -chelates of varying charge constituted a set of energy transfer donors to the acceptor, crystal violet, a noncompetitive antagonist of the nAChR.	tb3+	17-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
16751249-2	2006	Freely diffusing Tb3+ -chelates of varying charge constituted a set of energy transfer donors to the acceptor, crystal violet, a noncompetitive antagonist of the nAChR.	Gentian Violet	111-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
16751249-3	2006	Energy transfer from a neutral Tb3+ -chelate to nAChR-bound crystal violet was reduced 95% relative to the energy transfer to free crystal violet.	tb3+	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
16751249-3	2006	Energy transfer from a neutral Tb3+ -chelate to nAChR-bound crystal violet was reduced 95% relative to the energy transfer to free crystal violet.	Gentian Violet	60-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
16751249-3	2006	Energy transfer from a neutral Tb3+ -chelate to nAChR-bound crystal violet was reduced 95% relative to the energy transfer to free crystal violet.	Gentian Violet	131-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
16751249-4	2006	This result indicated that crystal violet was strongly shielded from solvent when bound to the nAChR.	Gentian Violet	27-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
17105949-8	2006	Interestingly, when the neurons were pre-exposed to alpha-bungarotoxin (antagonist of alpha7 nAChR), exposure to 10 microM of nicotine resulted in significant increases not only in alpha7 nAChR (25.5%) but also in alpha3 nAChR (32.2%).	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
17105949-9	2006	These results show that exposure to nicotine alters the nAChR levels differently in the neonatal sympathetic neurons in a subunit specific manner and suggest that the level of alpha7 as well as alpha3 nAChR is linked to the functional status of alpha7 nAChR in these neurons.	Nicotine	36-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	201-206
16848798-6	2006	In support of the hypothesis, microinjection into layer 4 of the nonspecific nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (10 microM) strongly reduced sound-evoked responses.	Mecamylamine	94-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
16720757-1	2006	alpha4 and beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits expressed heterologously assemble into receptors with high (HS) and low (LS) sensitivity to acetylcholine (ACh); their relative proportions depend on the alpha4to beta2 ratio.	Acetylcholine	27-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-56
20641288-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	0-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
20641288-6	2004	3-[2(S)-2-Azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (A-85380) is a highly potent and selective alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist with subnanomolar affinity (4, 5).	A 85380	38-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Cysteine	78-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Glycine	217-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Glycine	217-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	226-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	226-249	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Serotonin	254-263	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
16829701-1	2006	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is the prototypic member of the "Cys-loop" superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels which mediate synaptic neurotransmission, and whose other members include receptors for glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin.	Serotonin	254-263	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
16958984-1	2006	A-85380 [3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine] is a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that has been a useful tool in the investigation of the function of nAChRs in both preclinical and clinical studies.	3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine	9-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
16958984-1	2006	A-85380 [3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine] is a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist that has been a useful tool in the investigation of the function of nAChRs in both preclinical and clinical studies.	3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy) pyridine	9-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
16431111-0	2006	QSAR modeling of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts that act as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediating dopamine release.	mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts	17-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-126
16485261-4	2006	In this study, we have examined the effects of chronic nicotine treatment on alpha7 and beta2 nAChR subunits in vitro in cell lines and in vivo in mouse striatum.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
16575903-9	2006	These results indicated that SLURP-2 competes with acetylcholine predominantly at the alpha3 nAChR, and that receptor ligation with SLURP-2 delays keratinocyte differentiation and prevents apoptosis.	Acetylcholine	51-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
16505153-9	2006	Overall, these functional data agree with previous binding and behavioral findings and suggest collectively that 4-nitro-PFEB is the most effective and selective antagonist of alpha4beta2 versus alpha3beta4 and alpha7 nAChRs among the tested analogs, acting on alpha4beta2 nAChR through a competitive mechanism with a potency 17-fold higher than that of dihydro-beta-erythroidine.	4-nitro-pfeb	113-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	218-223
16431111-11	2006	The application of the ANN QSAR model has led to the successful discovery of six new compounds in this study with experimental IC50 values of less than 0.1 microM at nAChR subtypes responsible for mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release, demonstrating that the ANN QSAR model is a valuable aid to drug discovery.	Nicotine	207-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
16431111-0	2006	QSAR modeling of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts that act as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediating dopamine release.	Dopamine	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-126
16431111-11	2006	The application of the ANN QSAR model has led to the successful discovery of six new compounds in this study with experimental IC50 values of less than 0.1 microM at nAChR subtypes responsible for mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release, demonstrating that the ANN QSAR model is a valuable aid to drug discovery.	Dopamine	223-231	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
16431111-1	2006	Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained on a dataset of 42 molecules with quantitative IC50 values to model structure-activity relationships of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.	Dopamine	303-311	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-268
16431111-1	2006	Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained on a dataset of 42 molecules with quantitative IC50 values to model structure-activity relationships of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.	mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts	168-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-268
16431111-1	2006	Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained on a dataset of 42 molecules with quantitative IC50 values to model structure-activity relationships of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.	mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts	168-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	270-275
16431111-1	2006	Back-propagation artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained on a dataset of 42 molecules with quantitative IC50 values to model structure-activity relationships of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as antagonists at neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) mediating nicotine-evoked dopamine release.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-268
16641249-4	2006	Nigrostriatal damage increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated fractional dopamine release from residual terminals, primarily through changes in alpha3*/alpha6* nAChRs.	Dopamine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-63
16817863-1	2006	We examined the binding of the novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand [125I]iodomethyllycaconitine (iodoMLA) in the brains of M. cynomologous (macaque) monkeys.	[125i]iodomethyllycaconitine	85-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-69
16817863-1	2006	We examined the binding of the novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand [125I]iodomethyllycaconitine (iodoMLA) in the brains of M. cynomologous (macaque) monkeys.	[125i]iodomethyllycaconitine	85-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
16817863-1	2006	We examined the binding of the novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand [125I]iodomethyllycaconitine (iodoMLA) in the brains of M. cynomologous (macaque) monkeys.	iodomla	115-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-69
16817863-1	2006	We examined the binding of the novel nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand [125I]iodomethyllycaconitine (iodoMLA) in the brains of M. cynomologous (macaque) monkeys.	iodomla	115-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
16647046-3	2006	Recently, we found that Ipt blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated currents in a heterologously expressed SH-EP1 cell line and in native midbrain dopamine neurons.	N-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine	24-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-68
16641249-4	2006	Nigrostriatal damage increased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated fractional dopamine release from residual terminals, primarily through changes in alpha3*/alpha6* nAChRs.	Dopamine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
16647046-3	2006	Recently, we found that Ipt blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated currents in a heterologously expressed SH-EP1 cell line and in native midbrain dopamine neurons.	N-(1-methylethyl)-1,1,2-trimethylpropylamine	24-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
16571968-3	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of succinylcholine on human muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Succinylcholine	55-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-132
16647046-3	2006	Recently, we found that Ipt blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated currents in a heterologously expressed SH-EP1 cell line and in native midbrain dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
16571968-9	2006	CONCLUSION: Succinylcholine activates the muscle-type nAChR followed by desensitization.	Succinylcholine	12-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
16571968-3	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of succinylcholine on human muscle and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Succinylcholine	55-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
16496293-8	2006	Mechanisms contributing to deficient hypoxia response include the ability of nicotine to act as a cholinergic stimulant through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	128-160
16608406-3	2006	The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (neuronal nAChR) belongs to the superfamily of ionic channel activated by ligand.	Acetylcholine	23-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
16306081-6	2006	Electron microscope analysis revealed that nAChR stimulation resulted in LDCV translocation to the plasma membrane and increase of fused LDCVs in response to repetitive stimulation was observed by amperometry.	ldcv	73-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
16306081-8	2006	MAPK signaling was activated by nAChR-induced calcium influx, and ADP as well as vesicle translocation was suppressed by inhibition of MAPK signaling with MAPK kinase blockers, such as PD 098059 and U0126.	Calcium	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
16306081-8	2006	MAPK signaling was activated by nAChR-induced calcium influx, and ADP as well as vesicle translocation was suppressed by inhibition of MAPK signaling with MAPK kinase blockers, such as PD 098059 and U0126.	U 0126	199-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
16337724-5	2006	Toluene is an abused solvent affecting neuronal signal transduction by influencing the function of ligand gated ion channel receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), P2X purinoceptors, [gamma]-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, etc.	Toluene	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-178
16337724-5	2006	Toluene is an abused solvent affecting neuronal signal transduction by influencing the function of ligand gated ion channel receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), P2X purinoceptors, [gamma]-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors, etc.	Toluene	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	180-185
16496293-8	2006	Mechanisms contributing to deficient hypoxia response include the ability of nicotine to act as a cholinergic stimulant through nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binding.	Nicotine	77-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
17192629-1	2006	Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) are fast-gating receptors, represented by cationic nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) and serotonin (5HT3R) receptors, and by anionic GABA and glycine (GlyR) receptors.	Acetylcholine	106-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
16472136-2	2006	Over recent years, the application of newly developed molecular and cellular biological techniques has made it possible to correlate the subunit composition of nAChRs with specific nicotine-elicited behaviours, and refine some of the in vivo physiological functions of nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	181-189	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
16223869-3	2006	In the present study, we used patch-clamp whole-cell recording and pharmacological manipulations to evaluate effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt), which is a drug reported to act as an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel opener, on selected human nAChRs heterologously expressed in the native nAChR-null SH-EP1 human epithelial cell line.	Iptakalim (hydrochloride)	120-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-261
16223869-3	2006	In the present study, we used patch-clamp whole-cell recording and pharmacological manipulations to evaluate effects of iptakalim hydrochloride (Ipt), which is a drug reported to act as an ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel opener, on selected human nAChRs heterologously expressed in the native nAChR-null SH-EP1 human epithelial cell line.	isoprothiolane	145-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-261
16223869-7	2006	Other studies discount effects of Ipt on nAChR internalization or involvement of K(ATP) channels in Ipt-induced inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function.	isoprothiolane	34-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
16223869-7	2006	Other studies discount effects of Ipt on nAChR internalization or involvement of K(ATP) channels in Ipt-induced inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function.	isoprothiolane	100-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
16430227-5	2006	The unprecedented binding selectivity for the fetal muscle nAChR, coupled with the kinetic diversity, should make alphaA(S)-conotoxins useful ligands for a diverse set of studies.	alphaa(s)-conotoxins	114-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
16594641-2	2006	Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-93
16594641-2	2006	Nicotine is a lipophilic molecule whose effects on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been primarily focused on its physiologic impact within the confines of the brain and peripheral nervous system.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
17192656-0	2006	Structural and functional changes induced in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by membrane phospholipids.	Phospholipids	94-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-81
16273122-2	2005	The present study investigated the effect of the novel cytisine dimer 1,2-bisN-cytisinylethane (CC4) on nAChR natively expressed by SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in culture.	cytisine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
17192677-2	2006	Recently, we have shown that 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl) pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51), a quaternary ammonium cholinesterase inhibitor (QChEI), selectively inhibits nicotinic currents (IACh) by blocking the nAChR channel (Olivera et al., 2005).	1,5-bis(4-allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl) pentan-3-one dibromide	29-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	224-229
17192677-2	2006	Recently, we have shown that 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethyl ammonium phenyl) pentan-3-one dibromide (BW284c51), a quaternary ammonium cholinesterase inhibitor (QChEI), selectively inhibits nicotinic currents (IACh) by blocking the nAChR channel (Olivera et al., 2005).	Benzenaminium, 4,4'-(3-oxo-1,5-pentanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-), Dibromide	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	224-229
16273122-2	2005	The present study investigated the effect of the novel cytisine dimer 1,2-bisN-cytisinylethane (CC4) on nAChR natively expressed by SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in culture.	1,2-bisn-cytisinylethane	70-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
16273122-2	2005	The present study investigated the effect of the novel cytisine dimer 1,2-bisN-cytisinylethane (CC4) on nAChR natively expressed by SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in culture.	CC4	96-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
16332175-0	2005	Polymorphisms of the CHRNA4 gene encoding the alpha4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as related to the oxidative DNA damage and the level of apoptotic proteins in lymphocytes of the patients with Alzheimer"s disease.	Acetylcholine	74-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-27
16332175-1	2005	The study aimed at the analysis of polymorphisms in the gene coding for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit (CHRNA4) and the evaluation of the extent of the oxidative damage to DNA (8-oxo2dG), as well as the level of proteins participating in DNA repair (p53, PARP) and DNA degradation (Bax:Bcl-2, 85-kDa fragment) in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients suffering from Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and in the healthy individuals of the control group.	Acetylcholine	86-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-131
16354194-3	2005	SLURP-1 ligated the conventional ligand-binding site of KC nAChR, showing a higher affinity to the [(3)H]nicotine-, compared with the [(3)H]epibatidine-sensitive nAChR.	Nicotine	105-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
16332175-4	2005	In the AD patients with the CHRNA4 polymorphisms the highest level of 8-oxo2dG and of proteins involved in DNA repair were documented in patients with polymorphisms in exon 5, in contrast to the patients with polymorphisms in intron 5.	8-oxo2dg	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-34
16354194-7	2005	In the presence of the agonist carbachol, the effects of SLURP-1 on gene expression were augmented, which is in keeping with the notion that SLURP-1 acts as an allosteric agonist at the KC nAChR.	Carbachol	31-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Choline	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Choline	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	152-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	152-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	172-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
16421212-4	2005	Choline (2.5, 5 and 10 mM), a highly specific but low potency agonist of the alpha7 nAChR initiated AR, with its effect blocked by the nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	172-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
16421212-6	2005	The nAChR antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BTX) and MLA, reduced the ACh-initiated Ca2+ rise by 75 and 78%, respectively, demonstrating the majority of the rise is mediated through nAChRs containing alpha7 or alpha9 subunits.	methyllycaconitine	58-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
16251431-5	2005	Tyrosine kinase inhibition by genistein decreased alpha7 nAChR phosphorylation but strongly increased acetylcholine-evoked currents, whereas tyrosine phosphatase inhibition by pervanadate produced opposite effects.	Genistein	30-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
16226123-3	2005	It binds to the acetylcholine binding site of the alpha-subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-101
16226123-3	2005	It binds to the acetylcholine binding site of the alpha-subunits of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
16226123-9	2005	ACh is suggested to be an important placental signalling molecule that, through stimulation of nAChR, controls the uptake of nutrients, blood flow and fluid volume in placental vessels, and the vascularisation during placental development.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
16226123-10	2005	Chronic stimulation of nAChR by nicotine might result in unbalanced receptor activation or functional desensitisation followed by the known pathological effects of smoking.	Nicotine	32-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
16194573-1	2005	The molecular determinants of the ionic selectivity and single-channel conductance of the Cys-loop family of transmitter-gated ion channels are beginning to be understood with increasing precision, in part, as a result of the recent availability of refined ultrastructural information for the archetype of the family, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	90-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	322-354
16194573-1	2005	The molecular determinants of the ionic selectivity and single-channel conductance of the Cys-loop family of transmitter-gated ion channels are beginning to be understood with increasing precision, in part, as a result of the recent availability of refined ultrastructural information for the archetype of the family, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Cysteine	90-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	356-361
16353944-0	2005	Molecular modeling of mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts as ligands at the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype using nonlinear techniques.	mono- and bis-quaternary ammonium salts	22-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
16218635-1	2005	A variety of molecular modeling, molecular docking, and first-principles electronic structure calculations were performed to study how the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binds with different species of two typical agonists, (S)-(-)-nicotine and (R)-(-)-deschloroepibatidine, each of which is distinguished by different free bases and protonation states.	Nicotine	246-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
16218635-1	2005	A variety of molecular modeling, molecular docking, and first-principles electronic structure calculations were performed to study how the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) binds with different species of two typical agonists, (S)-(-)-nicotine and (R)-(-)-deschloroepibatidine, each of which is distinguished by different free bases and protonation states.	(r)-(-)-deschloroepibatidine	267-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
16181622-7	2005	The nAChR subtypes that mediate the locomotor effects and hypothermic effects of nicotine appear to be less sensitive to TMPH than those which mediate analgetic effects and discriminative stimuli.	Nicotine	81-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
16181622-7	2005	The nAChR subtypes that mediate the locomotor effects and hypothermic effects of nicotine appear to be less sensitive to TMPH than those which mediate analgetic effects and discriminative stimuli.	2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl heptanoate	121-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
16116270-4	2005	A rich diversity of neonicotinoid-nAChR interactions has been demonstrated using voltage-clamp electrophysiology.	Neonicotinoids	20-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
16174432-6	2005	A total of 54 compounds, showing more than 60% competitive inhibition on [(3)H]cytisine binding to alpha4beta2 nAChR, were identified initially following an HTS campaign.	[(3)h]cytisine	73-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
15970304-3	2005	Solitary wasp venoms caused significant voltage-dependent antagonism of nAChR responses to 10 microM ACh and NMDAR responses to 100 microM NMDA (+10 microM glycine) when co-applied at 1 microg/ml with the agonists.	Glycine	156-163	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
15970304-6	2005	Of four social wasp venoms, one acted on nAChR by potentiating responses to 10 ACh, while another generated an ACh-like response when applied alone.	Acetylcholine	79-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
15894420-3	2005	When receptor bound, on the other hand, significant differences in the conformational dynamics of the reporter groups were observed with the C-terminal Lys(69) derivative displaying by far the greatest mobility strongly suggesting that the C-terminal domain of the bound neurotoxin is highly mobile and does not participate in the toxin-nAChR binding surface.	Lysine	152-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	337-342
16039849-0	2005	Epibatidine analogues as selective ligands for the alpha(x)beta2-containing subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-121
16115980-0	2005	Antiemetics of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3A antagonist class inhibit muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	5-hydroxytryptamine 3a	19-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-107
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Ondansetron	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Ondansetron	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Ondansetron	12-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	dolasetron	25-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Granisetron	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Granisetron	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
16115980-8	2005	Conversely, ondansetron, dolasetron, and granisetron also reversibly inhibited nAChR currents in a dose-dependent manner with IC(50)s of 14.2, 7.8, and 4.4 microM for the adult nAChR and 16.0, 18.6, and 13.9 microM for the embryonic nAChR.	Granisetron	41-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
16115980-9	2005	Again, hydrodolasetron showed significantly (10 times) more inhibitory potency on the adult nAChR than the parent compound dolasetron.	hydrodolasetron	7-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
16115980-9	2005	Again, hydrodolasetron showed significantly (10 times) more inhibitory potency on the adult nAChR than the parent compound dolasetron.	dolasetron	12-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
15947037-9	2005	Surprisingly, alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), abolished these MDMA effects.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	121-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-95
15947037-9	2005	Surprisingly, alpha-bungarotoxin, a specific antagonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), abolished these MDMA effects.	N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine	121-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
15933214-4	2005	Initial characterization of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes revealed that release was calcium-dependent and inhibited by selective nAChR antagonists.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
15933214-4	2005	Initial characterization of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes revealed that release was calcium-dependent and inhibited by selective nAChR antagonists.	3H-dopamine	44-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
15933214-4	2005	Initial characterization of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release from monkey striatal synaptosomes revealed that release was calcium-dependent and inhibited by selective nAChR antagonists.	Calcium	125-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
15933214-8	2005	In contrast, alpha3*/alpha6* nAChR-evoked [3H]dopamine release was reduced in caudate but not putamen, demonstrating a dissociation between nAChR sites and function.	3h]dopamine	43-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
15933214-12	2005	These results show a selective preservation of alpha3*/alpha6* nAChR-mediated function in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems after nigrostriatal damage.	Dopamine	123-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	N-n-octylnicotinium	0-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	N-n-octylnicotinium	28-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	n-n-decylnicotinium iodide	38-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	ndni	66-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Nicotine	135-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Dopamine	160-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Dopamine	170-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Tritium	199-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
16146341-1	2005	N-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI) and N-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI) are selective nicotinic receptor (nAChR) antagonists mediating nicotine-evoked striatal dopamine (DA) release, and inhibiting [3H]nicotine binding, respectively.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
15937519-1	2005	In this study, we have examined cellular responses of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after chronic treatment with galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease that has a dual mechanism of action: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Galantamine	111-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-301
15937519-1	2005	In this study, we have examined cellular responses of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after chronic treatment with galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease that has a dual mechanism of action: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Galantamine	111-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	303-308
15937519-8	2005	These observations support the hypothesis that chronic galantamine exerts its effects through interaction with nAChR in this cell line.	Galantamine	55-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
15937519-11	2005	Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl.	Galantamine	14-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
15937519-11	2005	Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
15937519-11	2005	Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl.	Potassium Chloride	122-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
16116270-5	2005	Computational modeling of nAChR-imidacloprid interaction has assisted in the interpretation of these results.	imidacloprid	32-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
15887955-4	2005	Varenicline displays high alpha4beta2 nAChR affinity and the desired in vivo dopaminergic profile.	Varenicline	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
15772292-10	2005	nAChR beta4 subunit levels are significantly decreased after treatment with puromycin.	Puromycin	76-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
15834443-6	2005	Galantamine, at a concentration of 0.1 microM, increased the amplitude of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ion currents in the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but caused inhibition at higher concentrations.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
15834443-6	2005	Galantamine, at a concentration of 0.1 microM, increased the amplitude of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ion currents in the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but caused inhibition at higher concentrations.	Acetylcholine	74-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
15834443-6	2005	Galantamine, at a concentration of 0.1 microM, increased the amplitude of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ion currents in the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but caused inhibition at higher concentrations.	Acetylcholine	89-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
15834443-9	2005	The same enhancing effect was obtained in oocytes transplanted with Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) isolated from the electric organ, but in this case the optimal concentration of galantamine was 1 microM.	Galantamine	196-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-108
15790597-0	2005	Ethnic- and gender-specific association of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) with nicotine dependence.	Nicotine	114-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-107
15741168-1	2005	The primary target for nicotine in the brain is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-93
15741168-1	2005	The primary target for nicotine in the brain is the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
15741168-3	2005	In order to investigate the mechanism of nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation, we have developed a cell culture system to assess membrane trafficking and nicotine-induced up-regulation of surface-expressed alpha(4)beta(2) nAChRs.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	58-63
15790597-8	2005	In summary, our findings provide convincing evidence for the involvement of the nAChR alpha4 subunit, but not of the nAChR beta2 subunit, in nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	141-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
15858066-10	2005	Together, these results suggest that PNU-120596 represents a new class of molecule that enhances alpha7 nAChR function and thus has the potential to treat psychiatric and neurological disorders.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	37-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15781147-1	2005	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective partial agonist tropisetron is a conjugate of an indole and a tropane group.	indole	111-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
15781147-1	2005	The alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-selective partial agonist tropisetron is a conjugate of an indole and a tropane group.	Tropanes	124-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
15808471-1	2005	A series of 2-(arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines was developed as alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists based on a putative pharmacophore model.	2-(arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines	12-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
15808471-3	2005	One member of the series, (+)-N-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamide (+)-8l), has potent agonistic activity for the alpha7 nAChR (EC(50)=33nM, I(max)=1.0), at concentrations below those that result in desensitization.	(+)-n-(1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-3-yl)benzo[b]furan-2-carboxamide (+)-8l	26-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
15820238-2	2005	To investigate differences in sensitivity to smoking cues between schizophrenia and control subjects, we compared smoking cue reactivity (CR) in schizophrenia versus control smokers with and without pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MEC).	Mecamylamine	273-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-253
15809354-2	2005	Based on recent studies showing that acetylcholine and other cholinergic mediators suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) expressed by macrophages and our observations that human microvascular endothelial cells express the alpha7 nAChR, we examined the effect of cholinergic stimulation on endothelial cell activation in vitro and in vivo.	Acetylcholine	37-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
15809354-2	2005	Based on recent studies showing that acetylcholine and other cholinergic mediators suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines via the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7 nAChR) expressed by macrophages and our observations that human microvascular endothelial cells express the alpha7 nAChR, we examined the effect of cholinergic stimulation on endothelial cell activation in vitro and in vivo.	Acetylcholine	37-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	307-312
15809354-5	2005	Mecamylamine, an nAChR antagonist, reversed the inhibition of endothelial cell activation by both cholinergic agonists, confirming the antiinflammatory role of the nAChR cholinergic pathway.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
15809354-5	2005	Mecamylamine, an nAChR antagonist, reversed the inhibition of endothelial cell activation by both cholinergic agonists, confirming the antiinflammatory role of the nAChR cholinergic pathway.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
15820238-2	2005	To investigate differences in sensitivity to smoking cues between schizophrenia and control subjects, we compared smoking cue reactivity (CR) in schizophrenia versus control smokers with and without pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (MEC).	Mecamylamine	273-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	255-260
15820238-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that blockade of CR by MEC may be more robust in schizophrenia versus control smokers, possibly due to reduced nAChR levels in the brains of patients with schizophrenia.	Chromium	51-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
15626708-2	2005	Gel shift assays and carbohydrate-specific staining show that the deglycosylation enzyme, Endo F1, removes at least 50% of membrane-reconstituted nAChR glycosylation.	Carbohydrates	21-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	Acetylcholine	25-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	6-chloropyridazine	221-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane	263-292	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	294-324	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	Piperazine	334-344	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15848206-1	2005	The crystal structure of Acetylcholine Binding Protein (AChBP), homolog of the ligand binding domain of nAChR, has been used as model for computational investigations on the ligand-receptor interactions of derivatives of 6-chloropyridazine substituted at C3 with 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and with piperazine and homopiperazine, substituted or not at N4.	1,4-diazepane	349-363	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-113
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Mecamylamine	51-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-113
15813854-4	2005	Nicotine-induced adhesion of HSPC was inhibited by mecamylamine, a non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) antagonist.	Mecamylamine	51-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
15813854-6	2005	Nicotine induced fast cytoskeletal reorganization and formation of filopodia in endothelial cells through interaction with the non-neuronal nAchR expressed by these cells.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
15770102-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The finding that most people with alcoholism are also heavy smokers prompted several research groups to evaluate the effects of ethanol on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function.	Ethanol	140-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
15770102-2	2005	Data collected in vitro indicate that physiologically relevant concentrations of ethanol inhibit the functional activation of homomeric alpha7 nAChRs, which are one of the most abundant nAChR subtypes expressed in the mammalian brain.	Ethanol	81-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
15807510-1	2005	3-Pyridyl ethers are excellent nAChRs ligands, which show high subtype selectivity and binding affinity to alpha4beta2 nAChR.	3-pyridyl ethers	0-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-36
15588326-0	2004	Nicotine signals through muscle-type and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in both human bronchial epithelial cells and airway fibroblasts.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-83
15356217-3	2005	Cells expressing subunits needed to form alpha6beta4beta3alpha5 nAChR exhibited saturable [(3)H]epibatidine binding (K(d) = 95.9 +/- 8.3 pM and B(max) = 84.5 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg of protein).	epibatidine	96-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
15356217-5	2005	6-Hydroxydopamine lesioning studies indicated that beta3 and alpha5 subunits are likely partners of the alpha6 subunits in nAChR expressed in dopaminergic cell bodies.	Oxidopamine	0-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
15617729-5	2005	MG 624, a novel selective nAChR antagonist, inhibited cortical [3H]DA by 53%, but had no effect on striatal release.	triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium	0-6	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
15679359-5	2005	The noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) of the nAChR (R)- and (S)-mecamylamine, phencylcidine, dextromethoprphan, and levomethorphan were also chromatographed on the columns using nonlinear chromatography techniques.	Ranolazine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
15574706-7	2005	The model offers new insight into the water transport across the (alpha4)2(beta2)3 nAChR channel, and may lead to a better understanding of the structures, dynamics, and functions of this family of ion channels.	Water	38-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
15725747-7	2005	Our data provide evidence that by targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) nicotine interferes with the fetal development of the hematopoietic system.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-80
15725747-7	2005	Our data provide evidence that by targeting the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) nicotine interferes with the fetal development of the hematopoietic system.	Nicotine	89-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
15639548-3	2005	Recent data suggest a role for cholinergic stimulation, especially the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), in beta-amyloid-mediated neurotoxicity.	Acetylcholine	88-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
15639548-4	2005	As galantamine is a modest acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in addition to being an allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, it is interesting to study the clinical effects of this compound in the light of its neurochemical properties to discern potential neuroprotective effects.	Galantamine	3-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-139
15618790-9	2005	Isoflurane blocked the nAChR in both resting and activated states.	Isoflurane	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
15618790-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane potently blocked the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Isoflurane	13-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
15618790-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane potently blocked the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Sevoflurane	25-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
15618790-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane potently blocked the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Halothane	42-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
15983732-0	2005	Inhibition by 2,4-toluene diisocyanate of the calcium signaling of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate	14-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
15983732-0	2005	Inhibition by 2,4-toluene diisocyanate of the calcium signaling of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Calcium	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-109
15983732-3	2005	TDI-induced asthma is related to its disturbance of acetylcholine in most affected workers but the actions of TDI on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are unclear.	Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate	110-113	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
15983732-4	2005	In order to understand the role of TDI acting on nAChR, we used human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to investigate the effects of TDI on cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) changes under the stimulation of nAChR.	Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate	35-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
15983732-7	2005	Our study of TDI acting on human nAChR suggests a possibility that the human nerve system plays some role in the toxicity of TDI in the pulmonary system.	Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate	13-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
15794887-6	2005	Prior treatment with antioxidant resulted in preventing the decrease of nAChR protein in cells exposed to the high doses of fluoride.	Fluorides	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	72-77
15588326-12	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that muscle-type and neuronal-type nAChRs are functional in airway fibroblasts and HBE cells, that prior tobacco exposure does not appear to be an important variable in nAChR expression, and that distinct signaling pathways are observed in response to nicotine.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15519158-4	2004	This was used to identify the important atoms/fragments related to dispersive/van der Waals interactions of neonicotinoids with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	108-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
15519158-4	2004	This was used to identify the important atoms/fragments related to dispersive/van der Waals interactions of neonicotinoids with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Neonicotinoids	108-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
15519763-5	2004	Miyazawa, Fujiyoshi, and Unwin published a 4A resolution structure of the nAChR, and proposed that a single residue--valine 44 in Loop 2 of the extracellular domain--functions as a critical determinant of a "pin-into-socket" mechanism for receptor activation in nAChR.	Valine	117-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
15798902-0	2004	Selection of 2"-fluoro-modified RNA aptamers for alleviation of cocaine and MK-801 inhibition of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Dizocilpine Maleate	76-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-133
15798902-2	2004	Many therapeutic agents and abused drugs inhibit the nAChR, including the anti-convulsant MK-801 and the abused drug cocaine.	Dizocilpine Maleate	90-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
15798902-2	2004	Many therapeutic agents and abused drugs inhibit the nAChR, including the anti-convulsant MK-801 and the abused drug cocaine.	Cocaine	117-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
15798902-9	2004	The second class binds with equal or higher affinity to the cocaine-binding site on the open-channel form and, as predicted by the mechanism, does not inhibit the receptor, and does alleviate cocaine and MK-801 inhibition of the nAChR.	Cocaine	60-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	229-234
15798902-9	2004	The second class binds with equal or higher affinity to the cocaine-binding site on the open-channel form and, as predicted by the mechanism, does not inhibit the receptor, and does alleviate cocaine and MK-801 inhibition of the nAChR.	Cocaine	192-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	229-234
15798902-9	2004	The second class binds with equal or higher affinity to the cocaine-binding site on the open-channel form and, as predicted by the mechanism, does not inhibit the receptor, and does alleviate cocaine and MK-801 inhibition of the nAChR.	Dizocilpine Maleate	204-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	229-234
15519763-2	2004	This gene superfamily includes the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR), GABA(A), 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3, and glycine receptors.	Acetylcholine	45-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
15519763-5	2004	Miyazawa, Fujiyoshi, and Unwin published a 4A resolution structure of the nAChR, and proposed that a single residue--valine 44 in Loop 2 of the extracellular domain--functions as a critical determinant of a "pin-into-socket" mechanism for receptor activation in nAChR.	Valine	117-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	262-267
15519763-7	2004	We mutated residues corresponding to nAChR valine 44 in the GABA(A) (alpha(1) histidine 56 and beta(2) valine 53) and glycine (alpha(1) threonine 54) receptors.	Valine	43-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
15519763-7	2004	We mutated residues corresponding to nAChR valine 44 in the GABA(A) (alpha(1) histidine 56 and beta(2) valine 53) and glycine (alpha(1) threonine 54) receptors.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	60-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
15519763-7	2004	We mutated residues corresponding to nAChR valine 44 in the GABA(A) (alpha(1) histidine 56 and beta(2) valine 53) and glycine (alpha(1) threonine 54) receptors.	Histidine	78-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
15519763-7	2004	We mutated residues corresponding to nAChR valine 44 in the GABA(A) (alpha(1) histidine 56 and beta(2) valine 53) and glycine (alpha(1) threonine 54) receptors.	Valine	103-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
15519763-7	2004	We mutated residues corresponding to nAChR valine 44 in the GABA(A) (alpha(1) histidine 56 and beta(2) valine 53) and glycine (alpha(1) threonine 54) receptors.	Threonine	136-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
15902904-1	2004	Findings obtained from several studies indicate that ethanol enhances the activity of alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and support the possibility that a polymorphism of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) modulates enhancement of nicotinic receptor function by ethanol.	Ethanol	53-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	249-255
15902904-1	2004	Findings obtained from several studies indicate that ethanol enhances the activity of alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and support the possibility that a polymorphism of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha4 subunit gene (CHRNA4) modulates enhancement of nicotinic receptor function by ethanol.	Ethanol	313-320	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	249-255
15336274-1	2004	Phenylcarbamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays for different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Phenylcarbamates	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
15474055-1	2004	The subtype-specificity of newly synthesised epibatidine-related compounds, norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) and derivatives, to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been investigated.	epibatidine	45-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-180
15474055-1	2004	The subtype-specificity of newly synthesised epibatidine-related compounds, norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) and derivatives, to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been investigated.	epibatidine	45-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
15474055-1	2004	The subtype-specificity of newly synthesised epibatidine-related compounds, norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) and derivatives, to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been investigated.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	76-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-180
15474055-1	2004	The subtype-specificity of newly synthesised epibatidine-related compounds, norchloro-fluoro-homoepibatidine (NCFHEB) and derivatives, to neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been investigated.	fluoronorchloroepibatidine	76-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
15474055-3	2004	The binding affinity of (+)-NCFHEB (K(i): 0.064 nM) and (-)-NCFHEB (K(i): 0.112 nM) to human alpha4beta2 nAChR is in the same order of magnitude as that of epibatidine (K(i): 0.014 nM).	epibatidine	156-167	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
15336274-1	2004	Phenylcarbamate derivatives were synthesized and evaluated in radioligand binding assays for different nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Phenylcarbamates	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
15336274-2	2004	Carbamate derivatives bearing a pyrrolidine or piperidine moiety 8-20 exhibited much lower affinity for alpha7* nAChR than the analogues in the quinuclidine series 21-25, although the same structural elements are present.	Carbamates	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-117
15336274-2	2004	Carbamate derivatives bearing a pyrrolidine or piperidine moiety 8-20 exhibited much lower affinity for alpha7* nAChR than the analogues in the quinuclidine series 21-25, although the same structural elements are present.	pyrrolidine	32-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-117
15336274-2	2004	Carbamate derivatives bearing a pyrrolidine or piperidine moiety 8-20 exhibited much lower affinity for alpha7* nAChR than the analogues in the quinuclidine series 21-25, although the same structural elements are present.	piperidine	47-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-117
15336274-2	2004	Carbamate derivatives bearing a pyrrolidine or piperidine moiety 8-20 exhibited much lower affinity for alpha7* nAChR than the analogues in the quinuclidine series 21-25, although the same structural elements are present.	Quinuclidines	144-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-117
15336274-3	2004	Furthermore, in contrast to the quinuclidine analogues 21-25, all (S)-pyrrolidine derivatives 8-12 and the piperidine analogues 15 and 16 exhibited higher affinities for alpha4beta2* nAChR.	pyrrolidine	66-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
15336274-3	2004	Furthermore, in contrast to the quinuclidine analogues 21-25, all (S)-pyrrolidine derivatives 8-12 and the piperidine analogues 15 and 16 exhibited higher affinities for alpha4beta2* nAChR.	piperidine	107-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
15234980-10	2004	Sensitivity to Abeta(1-42) antagonism at 1 nm was evident for halpha4beta2-nAChRs, but not for heterologously expressed human alpha7-nAChRs, although both nAChR subtypes were functionally inhibited by 100 nm Abeta(1-42), with the magnitude of functional block being higher for 100 nm Abeta(1-42) acting on halpha7-nAChRs.	UNII-042A8N37WH	15-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
15347712-4	2004	123I-5IA shows higher affinity toward the nAChR alpha4beta2 subtype, enhanced receptor subtype selectivity, good safety, and low nonspecific binding.	123i-5ia	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
15223309-3	2004	Resting membrane potentials of muscle fibres exposed to the toxin were similar to control values, and the binding of FITC-labelled alpha-bungarotoxin to nAChR at the neuromuscular junction was unchanged.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	117-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-158
15212808-3	2004	In this study, we investigated the effects of eight phthalates on the calcium signaling of human nAChR by using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Calcium	70-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
15212808-4	2004	All eight phthalates, with different potency, have inhibitory roles on the calcium signaling coupled with human nAChR, but not muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs).	Calcium	75-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
15212808-7	2004	At as low as 0.1 microM, DPP, DBP, BBP, DCHP and DHP significantly inhibited the calcium signaling of human nAChR.	di-n-pentyl phthalate	25-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
15212808-7	2004	At as low as 0.1 microM, DPP, DBP, BBP, DCHP and DHP significantly inhibited the calcium signaling of human nAChR.	Dibutyl Phthalate	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
15212808-7	2004	At as low as 0.1 microM, DPP, DBP, BBP, DCHP and DHP significantly inhibited the calcium signaling of human nAChR.	butylbenzyl phthalate	35-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
15212808-7	2004	At as low as 0.1 microM, DPP, DBP, BBP, DCHP and DHP significantly inhibited the calcium signaling of human nAChR.	di-n-hexyl phthalate	49-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
15212808-7	2004	At as low as 0.1 microM, DPP, DBP, BBP, DCHP and DHP significantly inhibited the calcium signaling of human nAChR.	Calcium	81-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
15212808-9	2004	We suggest that some phthalates effectively inhibit the calcium signaling of human nAChR, and these nongenomic effects are cause for concern.	Calcium	56-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
15322260-6	2004	The effects of bupropion and enantiomers of hydroxybupropion on human nAChR subtypes indicate that the (2S,3S) isomer is more potent than the (2S,3R) isomer or racemic bupropion as an antagonist of alpha(4)beta(2) (functional IC(50) = 3.3 microM).	Bupropion	15-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15322260-6	2004	The effects of bupropion and enantiomers of hydroxybupropion on human nAChR subtypes indicate that the (2S,3S) isomer is more potent than the (2S,3R) isomer or racemic bupropion as an antagonist of alpha(4)beta(2) (functional IC(50) = 3.3 microM).	hydroxybupropion	44-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15322260-6	2004	The effects of bupropion and enantiomers of hydroxybupropion on human nAChR subtypes indicate that the (2S,3S) isomer is more potent than the (2S,3R) isomer or racemic bupropion as an antagonist of alpha(4)beta(2) (functional IC(50) = 3.3 microM).	Saccharin	103-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15322260-6	2004	The effects of bupropion and enantiomers of hydroxybupropion on human nAChR subtypes indicate that the (2S,3S) isomer is more potent than the (2S,3R) isomer or racemic bupropion as an antagonist of alpha(4)beta(2) (functional IC(50) = 3.3 microM).	Bupropion	51-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
15203153-3	2004	We have prepared and evaluated a number of simpler analogues of the norditerpeniod alkaloid methyllycaconitine (MLA) in an effort to understand molecular determinants of nAChR*small molecule interactions.	methyllycaconitine	92-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
15050621-1	2004	Epibatidine is a potent but nonselective nAChR agonist.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
15154117-5	2004	Univariate (single-marker) family-based association tests (FBATs) demonstrated that variant alleles at two SNPs, rs1044396 and rs1044397, in exon 5 of the CHRNA4 gene were significantly associated with a protective effect against nicotine addiction as either a dichotomized trait or a quantitative phenotype (i.e., age-adjusted FTND and RTQ scores), which was consistent with the results of the global haplotype FBAT.	Nicotine	230-238	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-161
15154117-6	2004	Furthermore, the haplotype-specific FBAT showed a common (22.5%) CHRNA4 haplotype, GCTATA, which was significantly associated with both a protective effect against nicotine addiction as a dichotomized trait (Z=-3.04, P<.005) and significant decreases of age-adjusted FTND (Z=-3.31, P<.005) or RTQ scores (Z=-2.73, P=.006).	Nicotine	164-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-71
15154117-7	2004	Our findings provide strong evidence suggesting a common CHRNA4 haplotype might be protective against vulnerability to nicotine addiction in men.	Nicotine	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-63
15240454-6	2004	We have also obtained explanations for the complex mechanisms underlying inhibition of nAChR by philanthotoxins (PhTXs).	philanthotoxins	96-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
15240454-6	2004	We have also obtained explanations for the complex mechanisms underlying inhibition of nAChR by philanthotoxins (PhTXs).	phtxs	113-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
15240454-7	2004	PhTX-343, containing a spermine moiety with a charge of +3, binds deep in the pore near the Serine ring where classical open channel blockers of nAChR bind.	phtx	0-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
15240454-7	2004	PhTX-343, containing a spermine moiety with a charge of +3, binds deep in the pore near the Serine ring where classical open channel blockers of nAChR bind.	Spermine	23-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
15240454-7	2004	PhTX-343, containing a spermine moiety with a charge of +3, binds deep in the pore near the Serine ring where classical open channel blockers of nAChR bind.	Serine	92-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
15359928-1	2004	Recently, 5-[123I]iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([123I]5IA) was developed as a ligand for imaging the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in human brain using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).	5-[123i]iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	10-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-144
15359928-1	2004	Recently, 5-[123I]iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([123I]5IA) was developed as a ligand for imaging the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in human brain using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).	5-[123i]iodo-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	10-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
15359928-1	2004	Recently, 5-[123I]iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([123I]5IA) was developed as a ligand for imaging the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in human brain using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).	[123i]5ia	59-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-144
15359928-1	2004	Recently, 5-[123I]iodo-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine ([123I]5IA) was developed as a ligand for imaging the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in human brain using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).	[123i]5ia	59-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
15248455-1	2004	A series of hitherto unknown enantiopure (-)-ferruginine analogues of type 8 and 9 was prepared and tested for the affinity toward the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes (alpha4)2(beta2)3, alpha7*, alpha3beta4*, and (alpha1)2beta1gamma delta.	ferruginine	41-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
14764638-4	2004	Using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, we have demonstrated in lung bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) expression of choline acetyltransferase, the vesicular ACh transporter, the choline high-affinity transporter, alpha7, alpha4, and beta2 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subunits, and the nAChR accessory protein lynx1.	Choline	116-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	263-268
14764638-4	2004	Using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, we have demonstrated in lung bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) expression of choline acetyltransferase, the vesicular ACh transporter, the choline high-affinity transporter, alpha7, alpha4, and beta2 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subunits, and the nAChR accessory protein lynx1.	Choline	116-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	288-293
14761946-0	2004	Identification of binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for [3H]azietomidate, a photoactivatable general anesthetic.	CHEMBL23812	76-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-71
14761946-1	2004	To identify binding domains in a ligand-gated ion channel for etomidate, an intravenous general anesthetic, we photolabeled nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-rich membranes from Torpedo electric organ with a photoactivatable analog, [(3)H]azietomidate.	Etomidate	62-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-156
14761946-4	2004	UV irradiation resulted in preferential [(3)H]azietomidate photoincorporation into the nAChR alpha and delta subunits.	azietomidate	46-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
14761946-6	2004	Within the nAChR ion channel in the desensitized state, there was labeling of alphaGlu-262 and deltaGln-276 at the extracellular end and deltaSer-258 and deltaSer-262 toward the cytoplasmic end.	alphaglu	78-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
14761946-6	2004	Within the nAChR ion channel in the desensitized state, there was labeling of alphaGlu-262 and deltaGln-276 at the extracellular end and deltaSer-258 and deltaSer-262 toward the cytoplasmic end.	deltagln	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
14761946-6	2004	Within the nAChR ion channel in the desensitized state, there was labeling of alphaGlu-262 and deltaGln-276 at the extracellular end and deltaSer-258 and deltaSer-262 toward the cytoplasmic end.	deltaser	137-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
14761946-6	2004	Within the nAChR ion channel in the desensitized state, there was labeling of alphaGlu-262 and deltaGln-276 at the extracellular end and deltaSer-258 and deltaSer-262 toward the cytoplasmic end.	deltaser	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
14761946-9	2004	The state dependence and subunit selectivity of [(3)H]azietomidate photolabeling are discussed in terms of the structures of the nAChR transmembrane and extracellular domains.	[(3)h]azietomidate	48-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
15227641-6	2004	These docking experiments show that ImI and PnIB bind to the ACh binding pocket via a small cavity located above the beta9/beta10 hairpin of the (+)alpha7 nAChR subunit.	pnib	44-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
15227641-6	2004	These docking experiments show that ImI and PnIB bind to the ACh binding pocket via a small cavity located above the beta9/beta10 hairpin of the (+)alpha7 nAChR subunit.	Acetylcholine	61-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
15228589-4	2004	First, it modulates acutely the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on Xenopus oocytes transfected with human alpha7, but not alpha4/beta2, nAChR.	Acetylcholine	57-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-139
15228589-8	2004	Thirdly, in organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus, long-term exposure to peptide attenuates neurite outgrowth: this chronic, functional effect is selectively blocked by the alpha7 nAChR antagonists, alpha-BgTx and methyllycaconitine, but not by the alpha4/beta2-preferring blocker dihydro-beta-ethroidine.	methyllycaconitine	216-234	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
15099589-2	2004	Using a modified patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange we investigated the functional interaction of gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftriaxone with nAChR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells as a potential molecular target.	Gentamicins	147-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-226
15099589-2	2004	Using a modified patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange we investigated the functional interaction of gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftriaxone with nAChR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells as a potential molecular target.	Penicillin G	159-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-226
15099589-2	2004	Using a modified patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange we investigated the functional interaction of gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftriaxone with nAChR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells as a potential molecular target.	Tetracycline	173-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-226
15099589-2	2004	Using a modified patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange we investigated the functional interaction of gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftriaxone with nAChR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells as a potential molecular target.	Erythromycin	187-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-226
15099589-2	2004	Using a modified patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange we investigated the functional interaction of gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin and ceftriaxone with nAChR transiently transfected into HEK293 cells as a potential molecular target.	Ceftriaxone	204-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	221-226
15099589-3	2004	Gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin induced a combination of open channel and competitive block of nAChR channel currents whereas ceftriaxone had no effect.	Gentamicins	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
15099589-3	2004	Gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin induced a combination of open channel and competitive block of nAChR channel currents whereas ceftriaxone had no effect.	Penicillin G	12-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
15099589-3	2004	Gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin induced a combination of open channel and competitive block of nAChR channel currents whereas ceftriaxone had no effect.	Tetracycline	26-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
15099589-3	2004	Gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and erythromycin induced a combination of open channel and competitive block of nAChR channel currents whereas ceftriaxone had no effect.	Erythromycin	43-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
15070329-1	2004	A concise synthesis of the potent nAChR agonist (+)-anatoxin-a (1) has been completed in a series of only nine chemical operations and 27% overall yield from commercially available D-methyl pyroglutamate (4).	anatoxin a	48-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
14752108-0	2004	Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine have distinct structural and functional interactions with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Phosphatidic Acids	0-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
14752108-0	2004	Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine have distinct structural and functional interactions with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Phosphatidylserines	22-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidylcholines	20-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-168
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidylcholines	20-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidylcholines	41-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-168
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidylcholines	41-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	67-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-168
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	67-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	86-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-168
14752108-1	2004	Bilayers containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and the anionic lipid phosphatidic acid (PA) are particularly effective at stabilizing the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in a functional conformation that undergoes agonist-induced conformational change.	Phosphatidic Acids	86-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
14752108-2	2004	The physical properties of PC membranes containing PA are also substantially altered upon incorporation of the nAChR.	Phosphatidylcholines	27-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
14752108-2	2004	The physical properties of PC membranes containing PA are also substantially altered upon incorporation of the nAChR.	Phosphatidic Acids	51-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
14752108-6	2004	These results show that a net negative charge alone is not sufficient to account for the unique interactions that occur between the nAChR and PC/PA membranes.	Phosphatidylcholines	142-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
14752108-8	2004	The results show that the nAChR has complex and unique interactions with both PA and PS.	Phosphatidic Acids	78-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14752108-8	2004	The results show that the nAChR has complex and unique interactions with both PA and PS.	Phosphatidylserines	85-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14752108-9	2004	The interactions between the nAChR and PS may be bridged by divalent cations, such as calcium.	Phosphatidylserines	39-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
14752108-9	2004	The interactions between the nAChR and PS may be bridged by divalent cations, such as calcium.	Calcium	86-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
15070329-1	2004	A concise synthesis of the potent nAChR agonist (+)-anatoxin-a (1) has been completed in a series of only nine chemical operations and 27% overall yield from commercially available D-methyl pyroglutamate (4).	d-methyl pyroglutamate	181-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
15102504-6	2004	Gold conjugation does not significantly decrease binding affinity, and gold alphaBgt specifically labels alpha7* nAChR in both unfixed and aldehyde-fixed tissue at the light and electron microscope levels, labelling being abolished in the presence of excess competing toxin.	Aldehydes	139-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-118
14717603-0	2004	Mechanism-based approach to the successful prevention of cocaine inhibition of the neuronal (alpha 3 beta 4) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Cocaine	57-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-141
14717603-2	2004	A minimum mechanism of inhibition of the muscle-type nAChR (1) by the noncompetitive inhibitors cocaine and MK-801 [(+)-dizocilpine, an anticonvulsant] indicated they bind to a regulatory site, with higher affinity for the closed-channel form than for the open-channel form, thus shifting the equilibrium toward the closed-channel form and inhibiting receptor function.	Cocaine	96-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
14717603-2	2004	A minimum mechanism of inhibition of the muscle-type nAChR (1) by the noncompetitive inhibitors cocaine and MK-801 [(+)-dizocilpine, an anticonvulsant] indicated they bind to a regulatory site, with higher affinity for the closed-channel form than for the open-channel form, thus shifting the equilibrium toward the closed-channel form and inhibiting receptor function.	Dizocilpine Maleate	108-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
14717603-2	2004	A minimum mechanism of inhibition of the muscle-type nAChR (1) by the noncompetitive inhibitors cocaine and MK-801 [(+)-dizocilpine, an anticonvulsant] indicated they bind to a regulatory site, with higher affinity for the closed-channel form than for the open-channel form, thus shifting the equilibrium toward the closed-channel form and inhibiting receptor function.	Dizocilpine Maleate	116-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
14717603-5	2004	The mechanism of inhibition of the neuronal nAChR by cocaine and MK-801 using rapid chemical kinetic techniques was investigated.	Cocaine	53-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
14717603-5	2004	The mechanism of inhibition of the neuronal nAChR by cocaine and MK-801 using rapid chemical kinetic techniques was investigated.	Dizocilpine Maleate	65-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
13680077-3	2004	OBJECTIVE: In these experiments, we investigated whether acute nicotine would influence responding with conditioned reinforcement and the degree to which pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine would modify any nicotine-induced behavioral effects.	Mecamylamine	228-240	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	176-208
14715938-5	2004	As evident in the presence of atropine, the non-muscarinic component was mimicked by epibatidine, a nonselective nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist and was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	epibatidine	85-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-135
14715938-5	2004	As evident in the presence of atropine, the non-muscarinic component was mimicked by epibatidine, a nonselective nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist and was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	epibatidine	85-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
14715938-5	2004	As evident in the presence of atropine, the non-muscarinic component was mimicked by epibatidine, a nonselective nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist and was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	epibatidine	85-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
14715938-5	2004	As evident in the presence of atropine, the non-muscarinic component was mimicked by epibatidine, a nonselective nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist and was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	171-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
14715938-5	2004	As evident in the presence of atropine, the non-muscarinic component was mimicked by epibatidine, a nonselective nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) agonist and was blocked by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nonselective nAChR antagonist.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	171-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	50-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	63-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	epibatidine	93-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
14983978-4	2004	This review describes the nAChR agonists A-85380, tebanicline, ABT-366833, ABT-202, ABT-894, epibatidine analogs and SIB-1663, of which ABT-366833, ABT-202 and ABT-894 are currently undergoing development as pain therapeutics.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	75-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
15019421-4	2004	Accumulating evidence from electrophysiological, pharmacological and neurochemical studies suggest that ethanol may interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Ethanol	104-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-166
15019421-4	2004	Accumulating evidence from electrophysiological, pharmacological and neurochemical studies suggest that ethanol may interact with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Ethanol	104-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
15019421-7	2004	Studies aimed at defining the nAChR subpopulation(s) involved in mediating ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine overflow as well as ethanol-intake have revealed that alpha(3)beta(2) or alpha(6) (using alpha-Conotoxin MII) but not alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) or alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine), could represent targets for developing new drugs in the treatment of alcoholism.	Ethanol	75-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
15019421-7	2004	Studies aimed at defining the nAChR subpopulation(s) involved in mediating ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine overflow as well as ethanol-intake have revealed that alpha(3)beta(2) or alpha(6) (using alpha-Conotoxin MII) but not alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) or alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine), could represent targets for developing new drugs in the treatment of alcoholism.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	276-301	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
15019421-7	2004	Studies aimed at defining the nAChR subpopulation(s) involved in mediating ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation and accumbal dopamine overflow as well as ethanol-intake have revealed that alpha(3)beta(2) or alpha(6) (using alpha-Conotoxin MII) but not alpha(4)beta(2) (using dihydro-beta-erythroidine) or alpha(7) (using methyllycaconitine), could represent targets for developing new drugs in the treatment of alcoholism.	methyllycaconitine	322-340	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
14754452-9	2004	Undesirable side effects of nicotine are well known, but as we will discuss in detail, these effects are not produced by all neuronal nAChR agonists and the existence of neuronal nAChR subtypes may provide a basis for separating therapeutic effects from toxicities.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	179-184
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	Nicotine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	epibatidine	47-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
14965298-1	2004	The extraordinary pharmacology of nicotine and epibatidine have indicated the potential for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands to serve as a new therapeutic class for a host of CNS disorders.	epibatidine	47-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
14965300-2	2004	Recently, we constructed three-dimensional models of the N-terminal part of nAChR and docked in the putative ligand-binding pocket, different agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine and epibatidine) and antagonist (snake alpha-bungarotoxin).	Acetylcholine	152-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
14965300-2	2004	Recently, we constructed three-dimensional models of the N-terminal part of nAChR and docked in the putative ligand-binding pocket, different agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine and epibatidine) and antagonist (snake alpha-bungarotoxin).	Nicotine	167-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
14965300-2	2004	Recently, we constructed three-dimensional models of the N-terminal part of nAChR and docked in the putative ligand-binding pocket, different agonists (acetylcholine, nicotine and epibatidine) and antagonist (snake alpha-bungarotoxin).	epibatidine	180-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
13680077-3	2004	OBJECTIVE: In these experiments, we investigated whether acute nicotine would influence responding with conditioned reinforcement and the degree to which pretreatment with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine would modify any nicotine-induced behavioral effects.	Mecamylamine	228-240	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	210-215
14636070-5	2003	Interestingly, we found that both the overall and the water-accessible nAChR secondary structures were nearly identical to those of 5-HT(3)R, in agreement with predicted structures of this class of receptors.	Water	54-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
14596621-1	2003	Structure and backbone dynamics of a selectively [(15)N]Leu-labeled 28-residue segment of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit were studied by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR in dodecylphosphocholine micelles.	15)n	51-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
14645658-3	2003	Heterologously expressed alpha4beta2-nAChR engage in high-affinity, specific binding of 3H-labeled epibatidine (H-EBDN; macroscopic KD = 10 pM; kon = 0.74/min/nM, koff = 0.013/min).	Tritium	88-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
14645658-3	2003	Heterologously expressed alpha4beta2-nAChR engage in high-affinity, specific binding of 3H-labeled epibatidine (H-EBDN; macroscopic KD = 10 pM; kon = 0.74/min/nM, koff = 0.013/min).	epibatidine	99-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
14645658-3	2003	Heterologously expressed alpha4beta2-nAChR engage in high-affinity, specific binding of 3H-labeled epibatidine (H-EBDN; macroscopic KD = 10 pM; kon = 0.74/min/nM, koff = 0.013/min).	h-ebdn	112-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
14621991-0	2003	Identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor amino acids photolabeled by the volatile anesthetic halothane.	Halothane	103-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-50
14621991-1	2003	To identify inhalational anesthetic binding domains in a ligand-gated ion channel, we photolabeled nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-rich membranes from Torpedo electric organ with [(14)C]halothane and determined by Edman degradation some of the photolabeled amino acids in nAChR subunit fragments isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography.	Halothane	195-204	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-131
14621991-2	2003	Irradiation at 254 nm for 60 s in the presence of 1 mM [(14)C]halothane resulted in incorporation of approximately 0.5 mol of (14)C/mol of subunit, with photolabeling distributed within the nAChR extracellular and transmembrane domains, primarily at tyrosines.	[(14)c]halothane	55-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	190-195
14621991-8	2003	Within the structure of the nAChR transmembrane domain, deltaTyr-228 projects into an extracellular, water accessible pocket formed by amino acids from the deltaM1-deltaM3 alpha-helices.	Water	101-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
14621991-9	2003	Halothane photolabeling of deltaTyr-228 provides initial evidence that halothane and isoflurane bind within this pocket with occupancy or access increased in the nAChR desensitized state compared to the closed channel state.	Halothane	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
14621991-9	2003	Halothane photolabeling of deltaTyr-228 provides initial evidence that halothane and isoflurane bind within this pocket with occupancy or access increased in the nAChR desensitized state compared to the closed channel state.	deltatyr	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
14621991-9	2003	Halothane photolabeling of deltaTyr-228 provides initial evidence that halothane and isoflurane bind within this pocket with occupancy or access increased in the nAChR desensitized state compared to the closed channel state.	Halothane	71-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
14621991-9	2003	Halothane photolabeling of deltaTyr-228 provides initial evidence that halothane and isoflurane bind within this pocket with occupancy or access increased in the nAChR desensitized state compared to the closed channel state.	Isoflurane	85-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
14523584-1	2003	The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a new single-photon emission tomography ligand, [123I]5-iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (5-I-A-85380), to measure regional nAChR binding in human brain.	5-iodo-3-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	103-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
14523584-1	2003	The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of a new single-photon emission tomography ligand, [123I]5-iodo-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine (5-I-A-85380), to measure regional nAChR binding in human brain.	5-i-a	154-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-193
14645658-1	2003	Naturally expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits (alpha4beta2-nAChR) are the predominant form of high affinity nicotine binding site in the brain implicated in nicotine reward, mediation of nicotinic cholinergic transmission, modulation of signaling through other chemical messages, and a number of neuropsychiatric disorders.	Nicotine	154-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
14630163-0	2003	Enantioselective interactions of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan with the alpha 3 beta 4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: comparison of chromatographic and functional data.	Dextromethorphan	33-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-125
14630163-0	2003	Enantioselective interactions of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan with the alpha 3 beta 4-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: comparison of chromatographic and functional data.	Dextromethorphan	54-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-125
14596621-1	2003	Structure and backbone dynamics of a selectively [(15)N]Leu-labeled 28-residue segment of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit were studied by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR in dodecylphosphocholine micelles.	15)n	51-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
14596621-1	2003	Structure and backbone dynamics of a selectively [(15)N]Leu-labeled 28-residue segment of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit were studied by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR in dodecylphosphocholine micelles.	Leucine	56-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
14596621-1	2003	Structure and backbone dynamics of a selectively [(15)N]Leu-labeled 28-residue segment of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit were studied by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR in dodecylphosphocholine micelles.	Leucine	56-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
14596621-1	2003	Structure and backbone dynamics of a selectively [(15)N]Leu-labeled 28-residue segment of the extended second transmembrane domain (TM2e) of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) beta(2) subunit were studied by (1)H and (15)N solution-state NMR in dodecylphosphocholine micelles.	dodecylphosphocholine	270-291	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
14500743-3	2003	In this study, 12 homologous analogs of DMCC and its corresponding tertiary amine, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, were synthesized and their binding affinities to native mAChR and nAChR sites estimated.	dimethylcarbamylcholine	40-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
14573772-0	2003	The allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by galantamine is transduced into cellular responses in neurons: Ca2+ signals and neurotransmitter release.	Galantamine	68-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-64
14573772-4	2003	The aim of this study was to establish whether the allosteric potentiation of nAChR currents is transduced in downstream cellular responses to nAChR activation, namely increases in intracellular Ca2+ and [3H]noradrenaline release.	Tritium	205-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
14573772-4	2003	The aim of this study was to establish whether the allosteric potentiation of nAChR currents is transduced in downstream cellular responses to nAChR activation, namely increases in intracellular Ca2+ and [3H]noradrenaline release.	Tritium	205-207	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
14573772-4	2003	The aim of this study was to establish whether the allosteric potentiation of nAChR currents is transduced in downstream cellular responses to nAChR activation, namely increases in intracellular Ca2+ and [3H]noradrenaline release.	Norepinephrine	208-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
14573772-4	2003	The aim of this study was to establish whether the allosteric potentiation of nAChR currents is transduced in downstream cellular responses to nAChR activation, namely increases in intracellular Ca2+ and [3H]noradrenaline release.	Norepinephrine	208-221	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
14573772-9	2003	nAChR-mediated [3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices was also potentiated by galantamine, with an additional component attributable to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent increase in acetylcholine.	Tritium	16-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
14573772-9	2003	nAChR-mediated [3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices was also potentiated by galantamine, with an additional component attributable to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent increase in acetylcholine.	Norepinephrine	19-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
14573772-9	2003	nAChR-mediated [3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices was also potentiated by galantamine, with an additional component attributable to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent increase in acetylcholine.	Galantamine	89-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
14573772-9	2003	nAChR-mediated [3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices was also potentiated by galantamine, with an additional component attributable to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent increase in acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	147-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
14500752-0	2003	Contrasting actions of philanthotoxin-343 and philanthotoxin-(12) on human muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Philanthotoxin	46-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-115
14500752-1	2003	Whole-cell recordings and outside-out patch recordings from TE671 cells were made to investigate antagonism of human muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) by the philanthotoxins, PhTX-343 and PhTX-(12).	philanthotoxins	173-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-157
14500743-3	2003	In this study, 12 homologous analogs of DMCC and its corresponding tertiary amine, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl-N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, were synthesized and their binding affinities to native mAChR and nAChR sites estimated.	n,n-dimethylcarbamoyl-n,n-dimethylaminoethanol	83-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
14500752-1	2003	Whole-cell recordings and outside-out patch recordings from TE671 cells were made to investigate antagonism of human muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) by the philanthotoxins, PhTX-343 and PhTX-(12).	philanthotoxins	173-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
14500752-8	2003	The different voltage-dependencies of the two modes of action of these philanthotoxins suggest two binding sites, one deep in the nAChR pore, the other near the extracellular entrance to the pore.	philanthotoxins	71-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
12920198-1	2003	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation is well known to stimulate dopamine release in the striatum.	Dopamine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
14579511-6	2003	Sterols and steroids, in particular, are among the ligands that act on this functionally relevant moiety of the nAChR.	Sterols	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
14579511-6	2003	Sterols and steroids, in particular, are among the ligands that act on this functionally relevant moiety of the nAChR.	Steroids	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-117
12920198-1	2003	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activation is well known to stimulate dopamine release in the striatum.	Dopamine	79-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
12920198-4	2003	Because the dopamine precursor l-DOPA is the most commonly used therapeutic agent for Parkinson"s disease, we investigated the effects of l-DOPA treatment on striatal nAChR expression in unlesioned and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned monkeys.	Levodopa	138-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
12920198-9	2003	In summary, these data show that l-DOPA treatment decreases nAChR expression, in contrast with the well established up-regulation of these sites by chronic nicotine exposure.	Levodopa	33-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-65
12755612-0	2003	Reversing the action of noncompetitive inhibitors (MK-801 and cocaine) on a protein (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)-mediated reaction.	Dizocilpine Maleate	51-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-117
12721323-0	2003	The subtype-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist SIB-1553A improves both attention and memory components of a spatial working memory task in chronic low dose 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated monkeys.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	172-216	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-54
12649296-1	2003	Galantamine (Reminyl), an approved treatment for Alzheimer"s disease (AD), is a potent allosteric potentiating ligand (APL) of human alpha 3 beta 4, alpha 4 beta 2, and alpha 6 beta 4 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), and of the chicken/mouse chimeric alpha 7/5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor, as was shown by whole-cell patch-clamp studies of human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably expressing a single nAChR subtype.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
12649296-2	2003	Galantamine potentiates agonist responses of the four nAChR subtypes studied in the same window of concentrations (i.e., 0.1-1 microM), which correlates with the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of the drug at the recommended daily dosage of 16 to 24 mg. At concentrations >10 microM, galantamine acts as an nAChR inhibitor.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
12649296-2	2003	Galantamine potentiates agonist responses of the four nAChR subtypes studied in the same window of concentrations (i.e., 0.1-1 microM), which correlates with the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of the drug at the recommended daily dosage of 16 to 24 mg. At concentrations >10 microM, galantamine acts as an nAChR inhibitor.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	312-317
12649296-3	2003	The other presently approved AD drugs, donepezil and rivastigmine, are devoid of the nicotinic APL action; at micromolar concentrations they also block nAChR activity.	Donepezil	39-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
12649296-3	2003	The other presently approved AD drugs, donepezil and rivastigmine, are devoid of the nicotinic APL action; at micromolar concentrations they also block nAChR activity.	Rivastigmine	53-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
12755612-0	2003	Reversing the action of noncompetitive inhibitors (MK-801 and cocaine) on a protein (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)-mediated reaction.	Cocaine	62-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-117
12779043-4	2003	Despite obvious structural similarities with the potent alkaloids pinnamine (5) and (-)-ferruginine (4) the pyranotropanes 6a and 6c exhibited distinctly lower nAChR affinities.	ferruginine	84-99	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
12747776-8	2003	Hence, physicochemical determinants of binding, such as steric and electrostatic and, for the first time, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond donor, and hydrogen bond acceptor properties, were mapped back onto the molecular structures of a set of nAChR modulators.	Hydrogen	119-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	238-243
12588870-2	2003	Up-regulation, an increase in numbers of radioligand-binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), occurs on exposure to nicotine at high concentrations.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
12588870-6	2003	Further, the general nAChR antagonist, d-tubocurarine, blocked all but two of the observed changes in gene expression, indicating that these changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Tubocurarine	39-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
12588870-6	2003	Further, the general nAChR antagonist, d-tubocurarine, blocked all but two of the observed changes in gene expression, indicating that these changes are dependent on nAChR activation.	Tubocurarine	39-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
12694384-2	2003	In this study, we determined effects of lowered temperature or of exposure to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) on cell surface expression of homomeric alpha7-nAChR in transfected SH-EP1 human epithelial cells.	Cycloheximide	110-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
12694384-2	2003	In this study, we determined effects of lowered temperature or of exposure to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) on cell surface expression of homomeric alpha7-nAChR in transfected SH-EP1 human epithelial cells.	Cycloheximide	125-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
12779043-4	2003	Despite obvious structural similarities with the potent alkaloids pinnamine (5) and (-)-ferruginine (4) the pyranotropanes 6a and 6c exhibited distinctly lower nAChR affinities.	pyranotropanes	108-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
12549904-0	2003	Mutational analysis of roles for extracellular cysteine residues in the assembly and function of human alpha 7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Cysteine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-144
12606407-2	2003	Recently, we reported the results of antagonist studies suggesting that a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) containing an alpha7 subunit (alpha7nAChR) plays a role in the human sperm AR initiated by recombinant human ZP3 or by acetylcholine (ACh).	Acetylcholine	84-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
12606407-2	2003	Recently, we reported the results of antagonist studies suggesting that a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) containing an alpha7 subunit (alpha7nAChR) plays a role in the human sperm AR initiated by recombinant human ZP3 or by acetylcholine (ACh).	Acetylcholine	109-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-106
12628470-3	2003	Epithelial cell adhesion is under control of the local cytotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) working through the muscarinic and nicotinic receptor, mAChR and nAChR, classes expressed by epithelial cells.	Acetylcholine	71-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
12628470-3	2003	Epithelial cell adhesion is under control of the local cytotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) working through the muscarinic and nicotinic receptor, mAChR and nAChR, classes expressed by epithelial cells.	Acetylcholine	86-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
12628473-4	2003	In addition, we examined the long-term effect of nicotine on the expression of selected nAChR subunits using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis.	Nicotine	49-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
12628473-6	2003	This effect was concentration-dependently inhibited by the alpha7 nAChR subunit antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (0.01-10 microM) and methyllycaconitine (0.01-10 mM), suggesting that the alpha7 nAChR subunit mediates Ca(2+) signaling in T-lymphocytes.	methyllycaconitine	133-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
12628473-6	2003	This effect was concentration-dependently inhibited by the alpha7 nAChR subunit antagonists, alpha-bungarotoxin (0.01-10 microM) and methyllycaconitine (0.01-10 mM), suggesting that the alpha7 nAChR subunit mediates Ca(2+) signaling in T-lymphocytes.	methyllycaconitine	133-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
12628473-7	2003	Nicotine (0.01-10 microM) also concentration-dependently down-regulated expression of mRNAs for all the nAChR subunits tested: expression of the alpha6 and alpha7 subunits was down-regulated within 1 week, while expression of the alpha3 and alpha5 subunits declined gradually throughout the 8-week experimental period.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
12628473-8	2003	These findings indicate that nicotine--and therefore likely smoking--affects immune function by suppressing expression of the neuronal nAChR subtype involved in Ca(2+) signaling in lymphocytes.	Nicotine	29-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
12620422-3	2003	The possibility that subtype-selective ligands be used in the treatment of CNS disorders promoted the synthesis of a large number of structural analogues of nicotine and epibatidine, two very potent nAChR agonists.	Nicotine	157-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
12620422-3	2003	The possibility that subtype-selective ligands be used in the treatment of CNS disorders promoted the synthesis of a large number of structural analogues of nicotine and epibatidine, two very potent nAChR agonists.	epibatidine	170-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-204
12620422-4	2003	Pursuing our long standing research on the structural modification of quinolizidine alkaloids, we devoted our attention to cytisine, another very potent ligand for many nAChR subtypes.	cytisine	123-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
12620422-5	2003	Thus a systematic structural modification of cytisine was undertaken in order to obtain compounds of potential therapeutic interest at peripheral as well as central level, with a particular concern for achieving nAChR subtype selective ligands.	cytisine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	212-217
12604094-3	2003	Intrahippocampal administration of a high dose of nicotine (1 micro g, 4.3 mM) had an anxiogenic effect in the social interaction test that was reversed by co-administration of a behaviourally inactive dose (1.9 ng, 4.3 micro M) of methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is an antagonist at alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR subunits.	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	302-307
12549904-3	2003	All ionotropic glycine receptor, GABA(A) receptor, 5-HT(3) receptor, and nAChR subunits contain a pair of highly conserved cysteine residues (C150 and C164 for alpha7 subunits) in their N-terminal extracellular domain.	Cysteine	123-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-78
12549904-5	2003	However, nAChR alpha7 (and alpha8) subunits also contain a third cysteine residue, C138, N-terminal to the conserved cysteine pair.	Cysteine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
12549904-5	2003	However, nAChR alpha7 (and alpha8) subunits also contain a third cysteine residue, C138, N-terminal to the conserved cysteine pair.	Cysteine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
12525154-0	2003	Identification of amino acids in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist binding site and ion channel photolabeled by 4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine, a novel photoaffinity antagonist.	4-((3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzoylcholine	123-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-69
12525154-1	2003	[(3)H]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine (TDBzcholine) was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe to map the orientation of an aromatic choline ester within the agonist binding sites of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	[(3)h]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3h-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine	0-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-257
12525154-1	2003	[(3)H]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine (TDBzcholine) was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe to map the orientation of an aromatic choline ester within the agonist binding sites of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	[(3)h]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3h-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine	0-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	259-264
12525154-1	2003	[(3)H]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine (TDBzcholine) was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe to map the orientation of an aromatic choline ester within the agonist binding sites of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	4-((3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzoylcholine	62-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-257
12525154-1	2003	[(3)H]4-[(3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl]benzoylcholine (TDBzcholine) was synthesized and used as a photoaffinity probe to map the orientation of an aromatic choline ester within the agonist binding sites of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	4-((3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzoylcholine	62-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	259-264
12525154-2	2003	TDBzcholine acts as a nAChR competitive antagonist that binds at equilibrium with equal affinity to both agonist sites (K(D) approximately 10 microM).	4-((3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzoylcholine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
12525154-7	2003	The photolabeling of these amino acids suggests that when the antagonist TDBzcholine occupies the agonist binding sites, the Cys-192-193 disulfide and Pro-194 from the alpha subunit Segment C are oriented toward the agonist site and are in proximity to gammaLeu-109/deltaLeu-111 in Segment E, a conclusion consistent with the structure of the binding site in the molluscan acetylcholine binding protein, a soluble protein that is homologous to the nAChR extracellular domain.	4-((3-trifluoromethyl)-3H-diazirin-3-yl)benzoylcholine	73-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	448-453
12525154-7	2003	The photolabeling of these amino acids suggests that when the antagonist TDBzcholine occupies the agonist binding sites, the Cys-192-193 disulfide and Pro-194 from the alpha subunit Segment C are oriented toward the agonist site and are in proximity to gammaLeu-109/deltaLeu-111 in Segment E, a conclusion consistent with the structure of the binding site in the molluscan acetylcholine binding protein, a soluble protein that is homologous to the nAChR extracellular domain.	Cysteine	125-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	448-453
12525154-7	2003	The photolabeling of these amino acids suggests that when the antagonist TDBzcholine occupies the agonist binding sites, the Cys-192-193 disulfide and Pro-194 from the alpha subunit Segment C are oriented toward the agonist site and are in proximity to gammaLeu-109/deltaLeu-111 in Segment E, a conclusion consistent with the structure of the binding site in the molluscan acetylcholine binding protein, a soluble protein that is homologous to the nAChR extracellular domain.	Disulfides	137-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	448-453
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	imidacloprid	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
12503081-2	2003	We first tested whether phorbol esters, which activate PKCs, regulate agrin-induced nAChR clustering in C(2)C(12) cells.	Phorbol Esters	24-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
12503081-3	2003	We found that extended phorbol ester treatment (6 hr) increased nAChR clustering by two-fold.	Phorbol Esters	23-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
12503081-9	2003	Phorbol ester treatment reduced preexisting nAChR cluster numbers in nPKC theta-GFP compared to GFP-overexpressing myotubes, suggesting that stimulating nPKC theta activity disrupts nAChR clusters in the presence of maximal clustering concentrations of agrin.	Phorbol Esters	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
12503081-9	2003	Phorbol ester treatment reduced preexisting nAChR cluster numbers in nPKC theta-GFP compared to GFP-overexpressing myotubes, suggesting that stimulating nPKC theta activity disrupts nAChR clusters in the presence of maximal clustering concentrations of agrin.	Phorbol Esters	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
12537063-8	2003	Moreover, our identification of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the nasal mucosa extends the findings of other functional studies of nAChRs in nasal epithelial cells and implies that nicotine from tobacco products such as cigarette smoke and nicotine nasal spray may have direct cellular effects on nasal mucosa cells through activation of homogeneous or heterogeneous nAChRs.	Nicotine	174-182	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
12537063-8	2003	Moreover, our identification of nAChR subunit mRNAs in the nasal mucosa extends the findings of other functional studies of nAChRs in nasal epithelial cells and implies that nicotine from tobacco products such as cigarette smoke and nicotine nasal spray may have direct cellular effects on nasal mucosa cells through activation of homogeneous or heterogeneous nAChRs.	Nicotine	233-241	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	imidacloprid	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	nitenpyram	38-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	nitenpyram	38-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	acetamiprid	50-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	acetamiprid	50-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	thiacloprid	63-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	thiacloprid	63-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Thiamethoxam	76-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-163
12208819-2	2003	Imidacloprid (the principal example), nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and others act as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Thiamethoxam	76-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	165-170
12208819-5	2003	Whereas ionized nicotine binds at an anionic subsite in the mammalian nAChR, the negatively tipped ("magic" nitro or cyano) neonicotinoids interact with a proposed unique subsite consisting of cationic amino acid residue(s) in the insect nAChR.	Nicotine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
12490593-2	2003	Magnitudes of acute, nAChR-mediated, specific 86Rb+ efflux responses to 1 mM carbamylcholine were reduced after pretreatment with specific nAChR ligands in effects that depended on pretreatment drug dose, duration of drug pretreatment, and duration of drug-free recovery.	Rubidium-86	46-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
14675945-2	2003	Fundamental differences between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects and mammals confer remarkable selectivity of the neonicotinoids at insect nAChR over mammalian nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	139-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
14675945-2	2003	Fundamental differences between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of insects and mammals confer remarkable selectivity of the neonicotinoids at insect nAChR over mammalian nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	139-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
14675945-3	2003	To identify pharmacophoric requirements of azidopyridinyl neonicotinoids for their efficacy and selectivity towards the insect nAChR over the mammalian one, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed using electrotopological state atom (ETSA) indices.	azidopyridinyl neonicotinoids	43-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
12490593-2	2003	Magnitudes of acute, nAChR-mediated, specific 86Rb+ efflux responses to 1 mM carbamylcholine were reduced after pretreatment with specific nAChR ligands in effects that depended on pretreatment drug dose, duration of drug pretreatment, and duration of drug-free recovery.	Rubidium-86	46-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12490593-2	2003	Magnitudes of acute, nAChR-mediated, specific 86Rb+ efflux responses to 1 mM carbamylcholine were reduced after pretreatment with specific nAChR ligands in effects that depended on pretreatment drug dose, duration of drug pretreatment, and duration of drug-free recovery.	Carbachol	77-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
12490593-2	2003	Magnitudes of acute, nAChR-mediated, specific 86Rb+ efflux responses to 1 mM carbamylcholine were reduced after pretreatment with specific nAChR ligands in effects that depended on pretreatment drug dose, duration of drug pretreatment, and duration of drug-free recovery.	Carbachol	77-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12490593-3	2003	Fifty percent inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function following 5 min of recovery occurred after 1 min of pretreatment with 1 mM nicotine but also after 1-h pretreatment at 10 nM nicotine.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
12490593-3	2003	Fifty percent inhibition of alpha4beta2-nAChR function following 5 min of recovery occurred after 1 min of pretreatment with 1 mM nicotine but also after 1-h pretreatment at 10 nM nicotine.	Nicotine	180-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
12490593-6	2003	alpha4beta4-nAChR was similarly sensitive to persistent inactivation by prolonged nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	82-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
14870853-2	2003	Palladium supported on charcoal (Pd/C) has been used to produce libraries of pyrazole compounds for screening in COX II studies via Suzuki cross coupling reactions, while the same catalyst has been used also to produce styryl-based nAChR compounds using analogous chemistry.	Palladium	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	232-237
12559123-1	2003	Voltage-dependent, non-competitive inhibition by philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) analogues, with reduced charge or length, of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of TE671 cells and ionotropic glutamate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR)) expressed in Xenopus oocytes from rat brain RNA was investigated.	Philanthotoxin	49-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-157
12559123-1	2003	Voltage-dependent, non-competitive inhibition by philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) analogues, with reduced charge or length, of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of TE671 cells and ionotropic glutamate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR)) expressed in Xenopus oocytes from rat brain RNA was investigated.	Philanthotoxin	49-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
12559123-1	2003	Voltage-dependent, non-competitive inhibition by philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) analogues, with reduced charge or length, of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of TE671 cells and ionotropic glutamate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR)) expressed in Xenopus oocytes from rat brain RNA was investigated.	phtx	69-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	124-157
12559123-1	2003	Voltage-dependent, non-competitive inhibition by philanthotoxin-343 (PhTX-343) analogues, with reduced charge or length, of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of TE671 cells and ionotropic glutamate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR)) expressed in Xenopus oocytes from rat brain RNA was investigated.	phtx	69-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
12559123-7	2003	These studies show that PhTX-(12) is a selective nAChR inhibitor and PhTX-83 is a selective AMPAR antagonist.	phtx-(	24-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
12424289-5	2002	This study presents evidence for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of GABAergic, but not of purinergic, transmission despite the co-transmission of ATP and GABA at LH synapses in vitro.	Adenosine Triphosphate	176-179	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-65
12436427-8	2002	We will also present hypotheses that might address the mechanisms underlying the ability of nAChR function to protect against neurodegeneration or improve cognition, two potentially distinct actions of nicotine.	Nicotine	202-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
12436413-5	2002	This type of mechanism can be extended to explain how the continuous occupation of desensitized receptors during chronic nicotine exposure contributes to drug addiction, and highlights the potential significance of prolonged nAChR desensitization that would also occur as a result of extended acetylcholine lifetime during treatment of Alzheimer"s disease with cholinesterase inhibitors.	Nicotine	121-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
12436413-5	2002	This type of mechanism can be extended to explain how the continuous occupation of desensitized receptors during chronic nicotine exposure contributes to drug addiction, and highlights the potential significance of prolonged nAChR desensitization that would also occur as a result of extended acetylcholine lifetime during treatment of Alzheimer"s disease with cholinesterase inhibitors.	Acetylcholine	293-306	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
12451118-6	2002	It is also apparent that nicotine-induced nAChR upregulation is very strongly dependent on subunit composition and subunit domains.	Nicotine	25-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
12244045-2	2002	In this study we provide evidence that nicotine stimulation of alpha7 nAChR transduces signals to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt via Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in a cascade, which results in neuroprotection.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
12244045-5	2002	We also found that pretreatment of cells with angiotensin II blocks the nicotine-induced activation of JAK2 via the AT(2) receptor and completely prevents alpha7 nAChR-mediated neuroprotective effects further suggesting a pivotal role for JAK2.	Nicotine	72-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
12417371-5	2002	Galantamine is both a moderate, reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and an allosteric modulator of nAChR.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
12235129-2	2002	To ascertain whether the AChBP exhibits the recognition properties and functional states of the nAChR, we have expressed the protein in milligram quantities from a synthetic cDNA transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells.	achbp	25-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
12424289-5	2002	This study presents evidence for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of GABAergic, but not of purinergic, transmission despite the co-transmission of ATP and GABA at LH synapses in vitro.	Adenosine Triphosphate	176-179	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
12424289-5	2002	This study presents evidence for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of GABAergic, but not of purinergic, transmission despite the co-transmission of ATP and GABA at LH synapses in vitro.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	98-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-65
12424289-5	2002	This study presents evidence for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated enhancement of GABAergic, but not of purinergic, transmission despite the co-transmission of ATP and GABA at LH synapses in vitro.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	98-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
12424289-6	2002	Facilitation of GABAergic transmission by nicotine is inhibited by antagonists of (alphabeta)*-containing nAChRs, but is unaffected by an alpha7-selective antagonist, consistent with a nAChR-mediated enhancement of GABA release mediated by non-alpha7-containing nAChRs.	Nicotine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
12424289-6	2002	Facilitation of GABAergic transmission by nicotine is inhibited by antagonists of (alphabeta)*-containing nAChRs, but is unaffected by an alpha7-selective antagonist, consistent with a nAChR-mediated enhancement of GABA release mediated by non-alpha7-containing nAChRs.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	16-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
12361403-9	2002	2,3-Disubstituted epibatidine analogues possessing a 2"-amino group combined with a 3"-bromo or 3"-iodo group showed in vitro and in vivo nAChR properties similar to nicotine.	2,3-disubstituted epibatidine	0-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
12392404-0	2002	A perturbed pK(a) at the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: implications for nicotine binding.	Nicotine	96-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
12392404-1	2002	A series of tethered quaternary ammonium derivatives of Tyr have been incorporated into the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) using the in vivo nonsense suppression method, producing constitutively active (self-gating) receptors.	quaternary ammonium	21-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-144
12392404-1	2002	A series of tethered quaternary ammonium derivatives of Tyr have been incorporated into the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) using the in vivo nonsense suppression method, producing constitutively active (self-gating) receptors.	quaternary ammonium	21-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
12392404-1	2002	A series of tethered quaternary ammonium derivatives of Tyr have been incorporated into the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) using the in vivo nonsense suppression method, producing constitutively active (self-gating) receptors.	Tyrosine	56-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	112-144
12392404-1	2002	A series of tethered quaternary ammonium derivatives of Tyr have been incorporated into the binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) using the in vivo nonsense suppression method, producing constitutively active (self-gating) receptors.	Tyrosine	56-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
12392404-4	2002	Tertiary and secondary tethered amines, TyrO3T and TyrO3S, have been successfully incorporated at alpha149 in the nAChR.	Amines	32-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
12392404-4	2002	Tertiary and secondary tethered amines, TyrO3T and TyrO3S, have been successfully incorporated at alpha149 in the nAChR.	tyro3t	40-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
12392404-7	2002	This local pKa perturbation has substantial implications for pharmacological research on the nAChR: of the tertiary agonists considered, noracetylcholine experiences this pKa perturbation, while nicotine does not.	noracetylcholine	137-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
12392404-7	2002	This local pKa perturbation has substantial implications for pharmacological research on the nAChR: of the tertiary agonists considered, noracetylcholine experiences this pKa perturbation, while nicotine does not.	Nicotine	195-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
12190802-6	2002	The nAChR from these tissue specimens were solubilized and incubated with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin.	125i-alpha-bungarotoxin	74-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
12189247-3	2002	In an in vitro angiogenesis model, increasing concentrations of the nonselective nAChR antagonist mecamylamine completely and reversibly inhibited endothelial network formation.	Mecamylamine	98-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	Isoflurane	12-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	Isoflurane	12-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	alkanols	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	alkanols	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	cyclopropane	193-205	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	butane	210-216	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12145051-3	2002	To further define the nature of these interactions, we quantified the potencies with which a heterologous group of general anesthetics reduces the nAChR"s apparent Kd for acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	171-184	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
12145051-6	2002	These results suggest that anesthetics reduce the apparent agonist Kd of the nAChR by binding to a site that has a dipolarity and ability to accept hydrogen bonds that are similar to those of water, but a hydrogen bond-donating capacity that is less.	Hydrogen	148-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
12145051-6	2002	These results suggest that anesthetics reduce the apparent agonist Kd of the nAChR by binding to a site that has a dipolarity and ability to accept hydrogen bonds that are similar to those of water, but a hydrogen bond-donating capacity that is less.	Water	192-197	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
12145051-6	2002	These results suggest that anesthetics reduce the apparent agonist Kd of the nAChR by binding to a site that has a dipolarity and ability to accept hydrogen bonds that are similar to those of water, but a hydrogen bond-donating capacity that is less.	Hydrogen	205-213	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
12145051-7	2002	IMPLICATIONS: Anesthetics representing a wide range of chemical classes reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with aqueous potencies that are governed by their molecular volumes and hydrogen bond basicities.	Hydrogen	242-250	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-169
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-81
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
12446934-5	2002	Studies that show nicotine-induced increases in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and protection against age-related nAChR decline contrast, perhaps in a functionally relevant way, to losses of nAChR in AD.	Nicotine	18-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	125-130
12446934-8	2002	More work is needed to ascertain whether acute or repetitive activation of nAChR with acute or intermittent exposure to nicotine or the persistent inactivation of nAChR with chronic nicotine exposure is a therapeutic objective and/or explains any pro-cognitive effects of those drugs.	Nicotine	120-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
12446934-8	2002	More work is needed to ascertain whether acute or repetitive activation of nAChR with acute or intermittent exposure to nicotine or the persistent inactivation of nAChR with chronic nicotine exposure is a therapeutic objective and/or explains any pro-cognitive effects of those drugs.	Nicotine	182-190	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
12193385-8	2002	The inhibition of the ACh-initiated and rhZP3-initiated AR by these nAChR antagonists strongly suggests the involvement of an alpha7 subunit-containing nAChR in the AR initiated by both ligands.	Acetylcholine	22-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
12193385-8	2002	The inhibition of the ACh-initiated and rhZP3-initiated AR by these nAChR antagonists strongly suggests the involvement of an alpha7 subunit-containing nAChR in the AR initiated by both ligands.	Acetylcholine	22-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
12193385-10	2002	In vitro results show for the first time that ACh can initiate the human sperm AR and strongly suggest that a human sperm alpha7 subunit-containing nAChR plays a role in the rhZP3-initiated AR.	Acetylcholine	46-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	148-153
12198092-6	2002	Concentration dependence of closed-times is not predicted by sequential models of channel block, suggesting that tacrine blocks the nAChR by an unusual mechanism.	Tacrine	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
12769608-4	2002	Non-specific nAChR agonists like nicotine and epibatidine, have been shown to have interesting pharmacology but their clinical value is limited by their undesirable side effects.	Nicotine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
12769608-4	2002	Non-specific nAChR agonists like nicotine and epibatidine, have been shown to have interesting pharmacology but their clinical value is limited by their undesirable side effects.	epibatidine	46-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	13-18
12769612-3	2002	In the present review we discuss the evidence that nicotine and subtype selective nAChR ligands can provide neuroprotection in in vitro cell culture systems and in in vivo studies in animal models of such disorders.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
12769612-9	2002	A variety of cellular mechanisms ranging from the production of growth factors through to inactivation of toxins and antioxidant actions of nicotine have been proposed to underlie the nAChR-mediated neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo.	Nicotine	140-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	184-189
12130694-7	2002	The impairment of channel opening increases when the number of phenylalanine residues at 8" increases from two (wild-type nAChR) to five.	Phenylalanine	63-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
12114323-6	2002	Furthermore, the relaxation was blocked by methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin (preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists) and mecamylamine but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	methyllycaconitine	43-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
12109907-0	2002	Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of novel analogues of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (+/-)-UB-165.	(2-chloro-5-pyridyl)-9-azabicyclo(4.2.1)non-2-ene	114-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	73-105
12109907-4	2002	Deschloro UB-165 (4) displayed a 2-3-fold decrease in affinity at alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR subtypes, as compared with (+/-)-UB-165, while at the alpha7 subtype a 31-fold increase in affinity was observed.	deschloro ub	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
12109907-5	2002	At each of the nAChR subtypes, high affinity binding was dependent on the presence of a 3-substituted pyridine, and the other isomers, 5 and 6, resulted in marked decreases in binding affinities.	3-substituted pyridine	88-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
12109907-7	2002	Modest reductions in binding affinity were observed for all of the diazine ligands at all nAChR subtypes, with the exception of 7, which retained potency comparable to that of 4 in binding to alpha7 nAChR.	sulfadiazine	67-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
12151749-4	2002	The paradoxical effects of nicotine on emotionality are likely due to the broad expression of nAChRs throughout the brain, the large number of nAChR subtypes that have been identified and the ability of nicotine treatment to both activate and desensitize nAChRs.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
12021403-2	2002	Nicotine has full efficacy on the alpha4beta2 nAChR and partial efficacy on the alpha3beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
12061885-2	2002	We propose that neonicotinoids with a protonated N-unsubstituted imine or equivalent substituent recognize the anionic subsite of the mammalian alpha4beta2 nAChR whereas the negatively charged (delta(-)) tip of the neonicotinoid insecticides interacts with a putative cationic subsite of the insect nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	16-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
12061885-2	2002	We propose that neonicotinoids with a protonated N-unsubstituted imine or equivalent substituent recognize the anionic subsite of the mammalian alpha4beta2 nAChR whereas the negatively charged (delta(-)) tip of the neonicotinoid insecticides interacts with a putative cationic subsite of the insect nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	16-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	299-304
12061885-2	2002	We propose that neonicotinoids with a protonated N-unsubstituted imine or equivalent substituent recognize the anionic subsite of the mammalian alpha4beta2 nAChR whereas the negatively charged (delta(-)) tip of the neonicotinoid insecticides interacts with a putative cationic subsite of the insect nAChR.	n-unsubstituted imine	49-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
12061885-2	2002	We propose that neonicotinoids with a protonated N-unsubstituted imine or equivalent substituent recognize the anionic subsite of the mammalian alpha4beta2 nAChR whereas the negatively charged (delta(-)) tip of the neonicotinoid insecticides interacts with a putative cationic subsite of the insect nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
12061885-2	2002	We propose that neonicotinoids with a protonated N-unsubstituted imine or equivalent substituent recognize the anionic subsite of the mammalian alpha4beta2 nAChR whereas the negatively charged (delta(-)) tip of the neonicotinoid insecticides interacts with a putative cationic subsite of the insect nAChR.	Neonicotinoids	16-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	299-304
12088062-0	2002	Cytisine derivatives as high affinity nAChR ligands: synthesis and comparative molecular field analysis.	cytisine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
12021403-2	2002	Nicotine has full efficacy on the alpha4beta2 nAChR and partial efficacy on the alpha3beta2 nAChR.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
12021403-8	2002	When the residue located at position 258 in the M2 region of the alpha subunit was valine (as in the alpha3 subunit), the resulting nAChR exhibited partial efficacy for nicotine that was voltage-dependent.	Valine	83-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
12021403-8	2002	When the residue located at position 258 in the M2 region of the alpha subunit was valine (as in the alpha3 subunit), the resulting nAChR exhibited partial efficacy for nicotine that was voltage-dependent.	Nicotine	169-177	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	98-106	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
12021403-9	2002	Therefore, we believe that these M2 amino acids contribute to the formation of a binding site for nicotine in the alpha3beta2 nAChR channel, which results in a low-affinity channel block, causing the lower efficacy of nicotine on this nAChR.	Nicotine	218-226	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	235-240
12065669-8	2002	Thus, nAChR subtypes are differentially coupled to specific sources of Ca2+: activation of nAChR induces a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels which is highly dependent on the activation of VOCC, and also involves Ca2+ release from ryanodine and IP3-dependent intracellular stores.	Ryanodine	245-254	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
11877392-2	2002	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene expression is regulated by both muscle activity and increased intracellular calcium.	Calcium	122-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-32
11877392-2	2002	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene expression is regulated by both muscle activity and increased intracellular calcium.	Calcium	122-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
12065669-4	2002	Nicotine (30 microm) generated a rapid elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that was partially and additively inhibited (40%) by alpha7 and alpha3beta2* nAChR subtype selective antagonists; alpha3beta4* nAChR probably account for the remaining response (60%).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
12065669-8	2002	Thus, nAChR subtypes are differentially coupled to specific sources of Ca2+: activation of nAChR induces a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels which is highly dependent on the activation of VOCC, and also involves Ca2+ release from ryanodine and IP3-dependent intracellular stores.	Ryanodine	245-254	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
12065669-4	2002	Nicotine (30 microm) generated a rapid elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ that was partially and additively inhibited (40%) by alpha7 and alpha3beta2* nAChR subtype selective antagonists; alpha3beta4* nAChR probably account for the remaining response (60%).	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	196-201
12065669-6	2002	The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels provoked by nicotine was sustained for at least 10 min and required the persistent activation of nAChR throughout the response.	Nicotine	55-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
12065669-8	2002	Thus, nAChR subtypes are differentially coupled to specific sources of Ca2+: activation of nAChR induces a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels which is highly dependent on the activation of VOCC, and also involves Ca2+ release from ryanodine and IP3-dependent intracellular stores.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	259-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
12065669-8	2002	Thus, nAChR subtypes are differentially coupled to specific sources of Ca2+: activation of nAChR induces a sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ levels which is highly dependent on the activation of VOCC, and also involves Ca2+ release from ryanodine and IP3-dependent intracellular stores.	Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate	259-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	91-96
11906697-3	2002	Nicotine enhances GABAergic transmission transiently, which is followed by a persistent depression of these inhibitory inputs due to nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
11840479-4	2002	The purpose of this study was to use double-labeling in situ hybridization to identify nAChR subunit mRNAs expressed within dopamine neurons of the SN/VTA, by using a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe for tyrosine hydroxylase as the dopamine cell marker and (35)S-labeled riboprobes for nAChR subunits.	Dopamine	124-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
11840479-4	2002	The purpose of this study was to use double-labeling in situ hybridization to identify nAChR subunit mRNAs expressed within dopamine neurons of the SN/VTA, by using a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe for tyrosine hydroxylase as the dopamine cell marker and (35)S-labeled riboprobes for nAChR subunits.	Digoxigenin	167-178	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
11840479-4	2002	The purpose of this study was to use double-labeling in situ hybridization to identify nAChR subunit mRNAs expressed within dopamine neurons of the SN/VTA, by using a digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe for tyrosine hydroxylase as the dopamine cell marker and (35)S-labeled riboprobes for nAChR subunits.	Dopamine	229-237	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
11840479-5	2002	The results reveal a heterogeneous population of nAChR subunit mRNAs within midbrain dopamine neurons.	Dopamine	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
11840479-6	2002	Within the SN, almost all dopamine neurons express alpha2, alpha4, alpha5, alpha6, beta2, and beta3 nAChR mRNAs, with more than half also expressing alpha3 and alpha7 mRNAs.	Dopamine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
11961141-5	2002	Exogenous application of ACh indicated that high and low levels of nAChR activation in the Schaffer collaterals inhibit and facilitate, respectively, glutamate release onto CA1 neurons.	Acetylcholine	25-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
11961141-5	2002	Exogenous application of ACh indicated that high and low levels of nAChR activation in the Schaffer collaterals inhibit and facilitate, respectively, glutamate release onto CA1 neurons.	Glutamic Acid	150-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
11961141-6	2002	The finding then that the nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine facilitated glutamatergic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 neurons indicated that in a single hippocampal slice, the inhibitory action of strongly, tonically activated nAChRs in some glutamatergic fibers prevails over the facilitatory action of weakly, tonically activated nAChRs in other glutamatergic fibers synapsing onto a given neuron.	methyllycaconitine	44-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
11961141-6	2002	The finding then that the nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine facilitated glutamatergic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 neurons indicated that in a single hippocampal slice, the inhibitory action of strongly, tonically activated nAChRs in some glutamatergic fibers prevails over the facilitatory action of weakly, tonically activated nAChRs in other glutamatergic fibers synapsing onto a given neuron.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	67-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
11961141-6	2002	The finding then that the nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine facilitated glutamatergic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 neurons indicated that in a single hippocampal slice, the inhibitory action of strongly, tonically activated nAChRs in some glutamatergic fibers prevails over the facilitatory action of weakly, tonically activated nAChRs in other glutamatergic fibers synapsing onto a given neuron.	nachrs	278-284	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
11961141-6	2002	The finding then that the nAChR antagonists methyllycaconitine and dihydro-beta-erythroidine facilitated glutamatergic transmission between Schaffer collaterals and CA1 neurons indicated that in a single hippocampal slice, the inhibitory action of strongly, tonically activated nAChRs in some glutamatergic fibers prevails over the facilitatory action of weakly, tonically activated nAChRs in other glutamatergic fibers synapsing onto a given neuron.	nachrs	383-389	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
11953457-2	2002	Here, we study the effects of nAChR agonists on [3 H]-d-aspartate ([3 H]-d-ASP) release from synaptosomes superfused in conditions known to prevent indirect effects.	[3 h]-d-aspartate	48-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
11952537-13	2002	The altered nAChR staining pattern in PPP skin may indicate a possible role for nicotine in the pathogenesis of PPP.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
11861446-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are usually detected by radioimmunoprecipitation assays using extracted acetylcholine receptors labeled irreversibly with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx).	Acetylcholine	45-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
11861446-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are usually detected by radioimmunoprecipitation assays using extracted acetylcholine receptors labeled irreversibly with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx).	125i-alpha-bungarotoxin	233-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-67
11861446-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are usually detected by radioimmunoprecipitation assays using extracted acetylcholine receptors labeled irreversibly with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx).	125i-alpha-bungarotoxin	233-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
11861446-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are usually detected by radioimmunoprecipitation assays using extracted acetylcholine receptors labeled irreversibly with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx).	alpha-butx	258-268	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-67
11861446-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Autoantibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients are usually detected by radioimmunoprecipitation assays using extracted acetylcholine receptors labeled irreversibly with 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx).	alpha-butx	258-268	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
11953457-2	2002	Here, we study the effects of nAChR agonists on [3 H]-d-aspartate ([3 H]-d-ASP) release from synaptosomes superfused in conditions known to prevent indirect effects.	[3 h]-d-asp	67-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
11928712-9	2002	Thus, it appears likely that pre-synaptic nAChR on monoaminergic fibers are composed of alpha3 or alpha4 subunits in combination with the beta2 subunit, and these subunit compositions mediate dopaminergic and noradrenergic release, and glutamate is mainly controlled by the alpha7 subunit.	Glutamic Acid	236-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
12829413-1	2002	While nicotine, through stimulation of a specific sub-population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) appears to protect cells in culture against a variety of insults, studies in vivo show controversial results.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-101
12829413-1	2002	While nicotine, through stimulation of a specific sub-population of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) appears to protect cells in culture against a variety of insults, studies in vivo show controversial results.	Nicotine	6-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
11752225-10	2002	These results show that nAChRs expressed in the primate striatum have similar affinities for nicotine, cytisine, and A85380, that alpha-conotoxin MII discriminates between nAChR populations in the caudate and putamen, and that alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nAChRs are selectively decreased after MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage.	Nicotine	93-101	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
11860617-3	2002	RESULTS: Based on the recent crystal structure of a soluble acetylcholine binding protein from snails, we have built atomic models of acetylcholine and nicotine bound to the pocket of four different human nAChR subtypes.	Acetylcholine	60-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
11860617-3	2002	RESULTS: Based on the recent crystal structure of a soluble acetylcholine binding protein from snails, we have built atomic models of acetylcholine and nicotine bound to the pocket of four different human nAChR subtypes.	Acetylcholine	134-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
11860617-3	2002	RESULTS: Based on the recent crystal structure of a soluble acetylcholine binding protein from snails, we have built atomic models of acetylcholine and nicotine bound to the pocket of four different human nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	205-210
11756485-3	2002	With ionotropic glutamate and GABA(A) transmission blocked, this stimulation evoked fast, atropine-insensitive EPSPs that were sensitive to nAChR antagonists.	Glutamic Acid	16-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
11756485-3	2002	With ionotropic glutamate and GABA(A) transmission blocked, this stimulation evoked fast, atropine-insensitive EPSPs that were sensitive to nAChR antagonists.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	30-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
11756485-3	2002	With ionotropic glutamate and GABA(A) transmission blocked, this stimulation evoked fast, atropine-insensitive EPSPs that were sensitive to nAChR antagonists.	Atropine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
11756485-8	2002	ACh, nicotine, and choline (a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist) were effective in evoking action potentials and repetitive firing with synaptic transmission blocked by low Ca2+, high Mg2+ medium.	Acetylcholine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
11756485-8	2002	ACh, nicotine, and choline (a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist) were effective in evoking action potentials and repetitive firing with synaptic transmission blocked by low Ca2+, high Mg2+ medium.	Nicotine	5-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
11756485-8	2002	ACh, nicotine, and choline (a selective alpha7 nAChR agonist) were effective in evoking action potentials and repetitive firing with synaptic transmission blocked by low Ca2+, high Mg2+ medium.	Choline	19-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
11756485-11	2002	This is the first demonstration that synaptically released ACh results in fast, alpha7 nAChR-mediated EPSPs in hypothalamic neurons.	Acetylcholine	59-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
12140772-4	2002	In support of this hypothesis, preliminary evidence is presented suggesting that the potent, centrally acting nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, which is devoid of monoamine reuptake inhibition, may reduce symptoms of depression and mood instability in patients with comorbid depression and bipolar disorder.	Mecamylamine	128-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
11752225-10	2002	These results show that nAChRs expressed in the primate striatum have similar affinities for nicotine, cytisine, and A85380, that alpha-conotoxin MII discriminates between nAChR populations in the caudate and putamen, and that alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nAChRs are selectively decreased after MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage.	cytisine	103-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
11752225-10	2002	These results show that nAChRs expressed in the primate striatum have similar affinities for nicotine, cytisine, and A85380, that alpha-conotoxin MII discriminates between nAChR populations in the caudate and putamen, and that alpha-conotoxin MII-sensitive nAChRs are selectively decreased after MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage.	1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine	296-300	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
11741432-3	2001	The cysteinyl-cysteine ring is located in a region implicated in ligand binding, and conformational changes involving this ring may be important for modulation of nAChR function.	cysteinylcysteine	4-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
11741432-12	2001	These conformational preferences are also observed in tetrapeptide and undecapeptide fragments of the human alpha7 subtype of the nAChR that contains the ox-[Cys-Cys] unit.	cysteinylcysteine	158-165	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
11597489-2	2001	An efficient radiochemical synthesis of 5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-[(11)C]methyl-2-(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine (1c), a potential tracer for the study of nAChR by positron emission tomography, has been developed.	5-(2-(4-pyridinyl)vinyl)-6-chloro-3-(1-[(11)c]methyl-2-(s)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine	40-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
11714893-5	2001	Of the LAs tested, those with structures containing two separated aromatic rings (e.g., proadifen and adiphenine) had the greatest inhibition potency (IC(50) values between 0.34 and 6.3 microM) but lowest selectivity (approximately 4-fold) across the four nAChR subtypes examined.	Proadifen	88-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-261
11714893-5	2001	Of the LAs tested, those with structures containing two separated aromatic rings (e.g., proadifen and adiphenine) had the greatest inhibition potency (IC(50) values between 0.34 and 6.3 microM) but lowest selectivity (approximately 4-fold) across the four nAChR subtypes examined.	adiphenine	102-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	256-261
11714893-6	2001	From the fused, two-ring (isoquinoline backbone) class of LAs, dimethisoquin had comparatively moderate inhibition potency (IC(50) values between 2.4 and 61 microM) and approximately 30-fold selectivity across nAChR subtypes.	dimethisoquin	63-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	210-215
11714893-7	2001	Lidocaine, a commonly used LA from the single ring category of LAs, blocked nAChR function with IC(50) values of between 52 and 250 microM and had only approximately 5-fold selectivity across nAChR subtypes.	Lidocaine	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
11714893-7	2001	Lidocaine, a commonly used LA from the single ring category of LAs, blocked nAChR function with IC(50) values of between 52 and 250 microM and had only approximately 5-fold selectivity across nAChR subtypes.	Lidocaine	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	192-197
11557356-1	2001	In this structure-affinity relationship (SAFIR) study, the bioisosteric potential of diazines in the field of ferruginine-type nAChR ligands was investigated.	diazines	85-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
11698101-4	2001	Electrostatic interactions of the nitroimine group and bridgehead nitrogen in imidacloprid with particular nAChR amino acid residues are likely to have key roles in determining the selective toxicity of imidacloprid.	nitroimine	34-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
11698101-4	2001	Electrostatic interactions of the nitroimine group and bridgehead nitrogen in imidacloprid with particular nAChR amino acid residues are likely to have key roles in determining the selective toxicity of imidacloprid.	Nitrogen	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
11698101-4	2001	Electrostatic interactions of the nitroimine group and bridgehead nitrogen in imidacloprid with particular nAChR amino acid residues are likely to have key roles in determining the selective toxicity of imidacloprid.	imidacloprid	78-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
11557356-1	2001	In this structure-affinity relationship (SAFIR) study, the bioisosteric potential of diazines in the field of ferruginine-type nAChR ligands was investigated.	ferruginine	110-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
11557356-4	2001	The bioisosteric replacement of the acetyl moiety as structural part of the lead compound 3 with the pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine nucleus resulted in ligands with high to moderate affinity for the central alpha4beta2 and remarkably low affinity for the alpha7* nAChR subtypes.	Cysteine	36-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
11557356-4	2001	The bioisosteric replacement of the acetyl moiety as structural part of the lead compound 3 with the pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine nucleus resulted in ligands with high to moderate affinity for the central alpha4beta2 and remarkably low affinity for the alpha7* nAChR subtypes.	pyridazine	101-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
11557356-4	2001	The bioisosteric replacement of the acetyl moiety as structural part of the lead compound 3 with the pyridazine, pyrimidine and pyrazine nucleus resulted in ligands with high to moderate affinity for the central alpha4beta2 and remarkably low affinity for the alpha7* nAChR subtypes.	Pyrazines	128-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	268-273
11669505-13	2001	Galantamine has positive effects on nAChR expression, which are likely to contribute to its sustained efficacy in the treatment of AD patients.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
11690625-2	2001	Because this gene (CHRNA4) codes for a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit, functional studies could be designed to evaluate the alterations caused by this mutation.	Acetylcholine	58-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-25
11561100-3	2001	(+/-)-methadone inhibited nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from the cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, indicating that it is a potent nAChR antagonist.	Methadone	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
11561100-3	2001	(+/-)-methadone inhibited nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from the cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, indicating that it is a potent nAChR antagonist.	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
11561100-3	2001	(+/-)-methadone inhibited nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from the cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, indicating that it is a potent nAChR antagonist.	Rubidium-86	46-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
11606328-10	2001	Ketamine is a noncompetitive inhibitor at both the alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Ketamine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
11606328-11	2001	In contrast, BCl causes a parallel shift in the ACh dose-response curve at the alpha7 nAChR suggesting competitive inhibition.	Acetylcholine	48-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
11606328-12	2001	Ketamine causes both voltage-dependent and use-dependent inhibition, only in the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Ketamine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
11772288-2	2001	During the 1990s, the discovery of the antinociceptive properties of the potent nAChR agonist epibatidine in rodents sparked interest in the analgesic potential of this class of compounds.	epibatidine	94-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
11846996-0	2001	Effect of dimethoate on the function and expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in primary skeletal muscle cell culture.	Dimethoate	10-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
11846996-1	2001	To investigate the molecular mechanism of intermediate myasthenia syndrome (IMS), we analyzed the toxic effects of the representative organophosphate dimethoate on the function and expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in primary skeletal muscle cell culture.	organophosphate dimethoate	134-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	199-231
11846996-1	2001	To investigate the molecular mechanism of intermediate myasthenia syndrome (IMS), we analyzed the toxic effects of the representative organophosphate dimethoate on the function and expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in primary skeletal muscle cell culture.	organophosphate dimethoate	134-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	233-238
11846996-2	2001	The results showed that the expression of nAChR on the muscle cell membrane was significantly increased after cells were exposed to dimethoate (130 microM).	Dimethoate	132-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
11846996-3	2001	AChR function measured by carbachol-induced (22)Na+ influx demonstrated that dimethoate may inhibit the nAChR function either by binding to a noncompetitive site and changing the conformational state of nAChR or by blocking the nAChR channel directly.	Carbachol	26-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
11846996-3	2001	AChR function measured by carbachol-induced (22)Na+ influx demonstrated that dimethoate may inhibit the nAChR function either by binding to a noncompetitive site and changing the conformational state of nAChR or by blocking the nAChR channel directly.	Dimethoate	77-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
11846996-3	2001	AChR function measured by carbachol-induced (22)Na+ influx demonstrated that dimethoate may inhibit the nAChR function either by binding to a noncompetitive site and changing the conformational state of nAChR or by blocking the nAChR channel directly.	Dimethoate	77-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
11846996-3	2001	AChR function measured by carbachol-induced (22)Na+ influx demonstrated that dimethoate may inhibit the nAChR function either by binding to a noncompetitive site and changing the conformational state of nAChR or by blocking the nAChR channel directly.	Dimethoate	77-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	203-208
11846996-4	2001	This study also demonstrated that dimethoate could rapidly induce the expression of c-fos, with a maximal effect at about 40 min, and c-fos might act as a transcriptional factor in regulating the expression of nAChR in the primary skeletal muscle cell culture following organophosphate exposure.	Organophosphates	270-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	210-215
11695184-6	2001	The insect nAChR is the primary target site for the neonicotinoid insecticides, thereby providing an incentive to explore its functional architecture with neonicotinoid radioligands, photoaffinity probes and affinity chromatography matrices.	Neonicotinoids	52-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
11695184-6	2001	The insect nAChR is the primary target site for the neonicotinoid insecticides, thereby providing an incentive to explore its functional architecture with neonicotinoid radioligands, photoaffinity probes and affinity chromatography matrices.	Neonicotinoids	155-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
11587984-2	2001	The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in fetal lung suggests that the direct interaction between nicotine and nAChR in fetal lung may underlie the postnatal pulmonary abnormalities seen in such infants.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-62
11587984-2	2001	The recent identification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in fetal lung suggests that the direct interaction between nicotine and nAChR in fetal lung may underlie the postnatal pulmonary abnormalities seen in such infants.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
11587984-11	2001	This suggests that the interaction of nicotine with nAChR in developing lung is responsible for the altered pulmonary mechanics observed in human infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.	Nicotine	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
11535018-4	2001	In addition, FITC-alpha-BT-neuromuscular junction complexes could also bind to the mesangial cells, and preincubation with unlabeled nAChR inhibited the binding.	fitc-alpha-bt	13-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
11506765-1	2001	Molecular identification of the genes and resulting protein sequences for a large number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has stimulated numerous studies highlighting their role in several human behaviors including neurological disorders and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-124
11466420-7	2001	These findings may indicate that most or all of (125)I-alpha-CtxMII-labeled nAChR subtypes in the basal ganglia are present on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, in contrast to (125)I-epibatidine sites.	ctxmii	61-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
11455009-1	2001	Quinacrine has been shown to act as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Quinacrine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-102
11455009-1	2001	Quinacrine has been shown to act as a noncompetitive inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Quinacrine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
11455009-9	2001	Results from both single-channel and macroscopic current recordings indicate that quinacrine increases the rate of nAChR desensitization and stabilizes the desensitized state.	Quinacrine	82-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
11506765-1	2001	Molecular identification of the genes and resulting protein sequences for a large number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits has stimulated numerous studies highlighting their role in several human behaviors including neurological disorders and nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	262-270	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
11408533-4	2001	The nAChR subtype mediating nicotine-induced dilation in isolated porcine basilar arterial rings denuded of endothelium was therefore examined pharmacologically and immunohistochemically.	Nicotine	28-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-9
11350961-1	2001	Nerve-induced muscle activity suppresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene expression by increasing intracellular calcium levels.	Calcium	126-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-73
11350961-1	2001	Nerve-induced muscle activity suppresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene expression by increasing intracellular calcium levels.	Calcium	126-133	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
11350961-3	2001	How muscle depolarization or increased calcium mediates changes in nAChR promoter activity is not well understood.	Calcium	39-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
11408533-5	2001	Results from using an in vitro tissue bath technique indicated that relaxation induced by nicotine (100 microM) was blocked by preferential alpha7-nAChR antagonists (methyllycaconitine and alpha-bungarotoxin) and nonspecific nAChR antagonist (mecamylamine) in a concentration-dependent manner, but was not affected by dihydro-beta-erythroidine (a preferential alpha4-nAChR antagonist).	Nicotine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-230
11353813-1	2001	3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[(125)I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([(125)I]TID) and [(3)H]tetracaine, an aromatic amine, are noncompetitive antagonists (NCAs) of the Torpedo species nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), which have been shown by photoaffinity labeling to bind to a common site in the ion channel in the closed state.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[(125)i]iodophenyl)diazirine	0-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
11408602-2	2001	Whereas cocaine itself is a general nAChR noncompetitive antagonist, we report here the characterization of cocaine methiodide, a novel selective agonist for the alpha 7 subtype of nAChR.	cocaine methiodide	108-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
11408602-3	2001	Data from (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding assays indicate that cocaine methiodide binds to alpha 7 nAChR with a K(i) value of approximately 200 nM while electrophysiology studies indicate that the addition of a methyl group at the amine moiety of cocaine changes the drug"s activity profile from inhibitor to agonist.	cocaine methiodide	65-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
11408602-3	2001	Data from (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding assays indicate that cocaine methiodide binds to alpha 7 nAChR with a K(i) value of approximately 200 nM while electrophysiology studies indicate that the addition of a methyl group at the amine moiety of cocaine changes the drug"s activity profile from inhibitor to agonist.	Cocaine	65-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
11408602-4	2001	Cocaine methiodide activates alpha 7 nAChR with an EC(50) value of approximately 50 microM and shows comparable efficacy to ACh in oocyte experiments.	cocaine methiodide	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
11357122-2	2001	This superfamily of allosteric transmembrane proteins includes the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR), serotonin 5-HT3, gamma-aminobutyric-acid (GABAA and GABAC) and glycine receptors.	nicotinic acetylcholine	67-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
11303054-3	2001	The selectivity of mecamylamine for neuronal nAChR was manifested primarily in terms of slow recovery rates from mecamylamine-induced inhibition.	Mecamylamine	19-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
11303054-3	2001	The selectivity of mecamylamine for neuronal nAChR was manifested primarily in terms of slow recovery rates from mecamylamine-induced inhibition.	Mecamylamine	113-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
11303054-6	2001	Mecamylamine inhibition of neuronal nAChR was noncompetitive and voltage dependent.	Mecamylamine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
11245666-1	2001	Widely expressed in the brain, the alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is proposed to play a major role in the mechanisms that lead to and maintain nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	165-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Acetylcholine	14-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Carbachol	69-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Nicotine	84-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
11305656-3	2001	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChr) agonists acetylcholine, carbachol, and (-)-nicotine were fractionated and detected by patch-clamped pheochromcytoma detector cells.	Nicotine	84-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
11087759-5	2001	Within the coiled-coil domain neutralization of the charged side chains was tolerated, while alanine substitutions of large hydrophobic residues resulted in the loss of nAChR clustering.	Alanine	93-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	169-174
11181898-2	2001	In the present studies, the effects of alcohols were characterized on defined combinations of human neuronal nAChR subunits heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Alcohols	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
11181898-6	2001	For the alpha(2)beta(4) receptor subunit combination, butanol clearly potentiated while pentanol inhibited ACh-induced current, whereas for alpha(4)beta(4) nAChR, propanol potentiated, butanol had no discernable effect, and pentanol inhibited receptor function.	1-Propanol	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	156-161
11181898-8	2001	The experimental results support the hypothesis that for both alpha(2)beta(4) and alpha(4)beta(4) receptor subtypes, molecular volume appears to be the most important determinant of both the potency as well as the direction of modulation of nAChR function by n-alcohols and related compounds.	n-alcohols	259-269	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
11141083-1	2001	The lipophilic photoactivatable probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-iodophenyl) diazirine (TID) is a noncompetitive, resting-state inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that requires tens of milliseconds of preincubation to inhibit agonist-induced cation efflux.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine	38-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-175
11141083-1	2001	The lipophilic photoactivatable probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-iodophenyl) diazirine (TID) is a noncompetitive, resting-state inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that requires tens of milliseconds of preincubation to inhibit agonist-induced cation efflux.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine	38-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
11141083-1	2001	The lipophilic photoactivatable probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-iodophenyl) diazirine (TID) is a noncompetitive, resting-state inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that requires tens of milliseconds of preincubation to inhibit agonist-induced cation efflux.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine	86-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-175
11141083-1	2001	The lipophilic photoactivatable probe 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-iodophenyl) diazirine (TID) is a noncompetitive, resting-state inhibitor of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that requires tens of milliseconds of preincubation to inhibit agonist-induced cation efflux.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(3-iodophenyl)diazirine	86-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
11101308-4	2000	Using both single-channel and rapid patch perfusion electrophysiology, we measured how these mutations affect nAChR sensitivity to ethanol and hexanol.	Ethanol	131-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
11135003-3	2001	Pretreatment of cultures with the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHBE) attenuated nicotine-induced changes in DNA abundance and synthesis.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	51-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
11135003-3	2001	Pretreatment of cultures with the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHBE) attenuated nicotine-induced changes in DNA abundance and synthesis.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	78-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
11135003-3	2001	Pretreatment of cultures with the nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHBE) attenuated nicotine-induced changes in DNA abundance and synthesis.	Nicotine	95-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
11135003-10	2001	The pharmacology of [3H]-epibatidine displacement from EGL neurons also suggested an interaction with the alpha3-nAChR subunits.	Tritium	21-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
11135003-10	2001	The pharmacology of [3H]-epibatidine displacement from EGL neurons also suggested an interaction with the alpha3-nAChR subunits.	epibatidine	25-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
11725817-4	2001	NAChR binding was assayed using 3H-epibatidine [3H-EPI].	3h-epibatidine	32-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
11725817-4	2001	NAChR binding was assayed using 3H-epibatidine [3H-EPI].	3h-epi	48-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
11101308-4	2000	Using both single-channel and rapid patch perfusion electrophysiology, we measured how these mutations affect nAChR sensitivity to ethanol and hexanol.	Hexanols	143-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	110-115
11101308-6	2000	These results support the existence of a large inhibitory patch in the nAChR pore lining where interactions with alcohols are primarily due to hydrophobic forces.	Alcohols	113-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
11101308-9	2000	The location and extent of this site can explain why small alcohols occupy the nAChR pore at the same time as larger alcohols or charged blockers, while two large alcohols bind in a mutually exclusive manner.	Alcohols	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
11101308-9	2000	The location and extent of this site can explain why small alcohols occupy the nAChR pore at the same time as larger alcohols or charged blockers, while two large alcohols bind in a mutually exclusive manner.	Alcohols	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
11101308-9	2000	The location and extent of this site can explain why small alcohols occupy the nAChR pore at the same time as larger alcohols or charged blockers, while two large alcohols bind in a mutually exclusive manner.	Alcohols	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
10900197-1	2000	Recent work has shown that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can be fixed in distinct conformations by chemical cross-linking with glutardialdehyde, which abolishes allosteric transitions in the protein.	Glutaral	142-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-63
11062464-8	2000	8), whose gene product, the beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit, co-assembles with the alpha 4 nAChR subunit to form the active receptor.	Acetylcholine	45-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
11082844-0	2000	An alternative improved synthesis of (-)-norferruginine, a potent nAChR agonist.	ferruginine	37-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
11087577-5	2000	The thus obtained philanthotoxins were tested electrophysiologically for their antagonist properties on human muscle-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) expressed in TE671 cells and on rat brain non-NMDA glutamate receptors (non-NMDAR) expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	philanthotoxins	18-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
11087577-10	2000	Since the acyl group alterations in PhTX-343 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 have a similar effect on potency, which is distinctly different from that observed for PhTX-12, the two former compounds may bind to nAChR in a similar fashion but differently from that of PhTX-12.	phtx	36-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
11087577-10	2000	Since the acyl group alterations in PhTX-343 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 have a similar effect on potency, which is distinctly different from that observed for PhTX-12, the two former compounds may bind to nAChR in a similar fashion but differently from that of PhTX-12.	4,9-dioxa-phtx-12	49-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
11087577-10	2000	Since the acyl group alterations in PhTX-343 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 have a similar effect on potency, which is distinctly different from that observed for PhTX-12, the two former compounds may bind to nAChR in a similar fashion but differently from that of PhTX-12.	phTX 12	59-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
11087577-10	2000	Since the acyl group alterations in PhTX-343 and 4,9-dioxa-PhTX-12 have a similar effect on potency, which is distinctly different from that observed for PhTX-12, the two former compounds may bind to nAChR in a similar fashion but differently from that of PhTX-12.	phTX 12	154-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	200-205
11044745-7	2000	The calmodulin antagonist fluphenazine prevented inhibition of the NMDA-receptor current by nAChR activity, suggesting that a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent process mediated the effect of nicotine.	Fluphenazine	26-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
11044745-7	2000	The calmodulin antagonist fluphenazine prevented inhibition of the NMDA-receptor current by nAChR activity, suggesting that a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent process mediated the effect of nicotine.	Nicotine	185-193	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
11044750-5	2000	Nicotine protection was prevented by 1 microM MLA, confirming that it was mediated by nAChR, and by 1 microM alpha-bungarotoxin, demonstrating that the alpha7 nAChR subtype was responsible.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
11044750-5	2000	Nicotine protection was prevented by 1 microM MLA, confirming that it was mediated by nAChR, and by 1 microM alpha-bungarotoxin, demonstrating that the alpha7 nAChR subtype was responsible.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
11044753-8	2000	These results suggest that the loss of nicotine binding in the putamen in Parkinson"s disease may involve an nAChR subunit (e.g., alpha5 and/or alpha6) other than those investigated.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
10900197-1	2000	Recent work has shown that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can be fixed in distinct conformations by chemical cross-linking with glutardialdehyde, which abolishes allosteric transitions in the protein.	Glutaral	142-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
10900197-3	2000	The same ligands were tested for their ability to convert the nAChR from a conformation with low affinity to a conformation with high affinity for acetylcholine.	Acetylcholine	147-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
10900197-7	2000	With a similar approach we could show that the non-competitive inhibitor ethidium is displaced in a non-allosteric manner by other well characterized channel blockers from the cross-linked nAChR.	Ethidium	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
10859324-1	2000	Most general anesthetics including long chain aliphatic alcohols act as noncompetitive antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Alcohols	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-138
10880991-13	2000	These results indicate that [(3)H]cytisine and [(125)I]alpha-bungarotoxin identify distinct nAChR subtypes in the tectum that likely contain non-alpha7 and alpha7 subunits, respectively.	cytisine	34-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
10859324-1	2000	Most general anesthetics including long chain aliphatic alcohols act as noncompetitive antagonists of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Alcohols	56-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	Alcohols	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	Alcohols	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	Alcohols	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	alcohol 3-[(3)h]azioctanol	117-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	76-81
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	alcohol 3-[(3)h]azioctanol	117-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
10859324-2	2000	To locate the sites of interaction of a long chain alcohol with the Torpedo nAChR, we have used the photoactivatible alcohol 3-[(3)H]azioctanol, which inhibits the nAChR and photoincorporates into nAChR subunits.	alcohol 3-[(3)h]azioctanol	117-143	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
10859324-3	2000	At 1 and 275 microm, 3-[(3)H]azioctanol photoincorporated into nAChR subunits with increased incorporation in the alpha-subunit in the desensitized state.	3-[(3)h]azioctanol	21-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
10971047-9	2000	This allosteric interaction amplifies the actions of ACh at post- and presynaptic nAChR.	Acetylcholine	53-56	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-87
10971047-10	2000	In particular, presynaptic nAChR are capable of modulating the release of ACh and other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin and GABA, which may contribute to symptoms of the illness.	Glutamic Acid	115-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
10971047-10	2000	In particular, presynaptic nAChR are capable of modulating the release of ACh and other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin and GABA, which may contribute to symptoms of the illness.	Serotonin	126-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
10971047-10	2000	In particular, presynaptic nAChR are capable of modulating the release of ACh and other neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, serotonin and GABA, which may contribute to symptoms of the illness.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	140-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
10971047-16	2000	Galantamine"s modulatory effects on nAChR may influence transcriptional regulation, resulting in an increased synthesis of nAChR.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
10971047-16	2000	Galantamine"s modulatory effects on nAChR may influence transcriptional regulation, resulting in an increased synthesis of nAChR.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
11089431-1	2000	Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antigen-specific autoimmune disease in which antibodies directed against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the postsynaptic muscle membrane (nAChR) impair neuromuscular transmission.	Acetylcholine	112-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	173-178
10942040-3	2000	Evidence is provided that functional alpha7- and alpha4beta2-like nAChRs are present on somatodendritic and/or preterminal/terminal regions of interneurons in the CA1 field of the rat hippocampus and in the human cerebral cortex and that activation of the different nAChR subtypes present in the preterminal/terminal areas of the interneurons triggers the tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of GABA.	Tetrodotoxin	356-368	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
10942040-3	2000	Evidence is provided that functional alpha7- and alpha4beta2-like nAChRs are present on somatodendritic and/or preterminal/terminal regions of interneurons in the CA1 field of the rat hippocampus and in the human cerebral cortex and that activation of the different nAChR subtypes present in the preterminal/terminal areas of the interneurons triggers the tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of GABA.	gamma-Aminobutyric Acid	390-394	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
10942046-4	2000	Due to the resulting increase in synaptic acetylcholine levels, both in concentration and time, additional nAChR molecules, e.g. those more distant from the ACh release sites, could be activated.	Acetylcholine	42-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
10942029-4	2000	Taken together experimental and clinical data largely indicate a neuroprotective/trophic role of nAChR activation involving mainly alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR antagonists, and by potent nAChR agonists recently found displaying efficacy and/or larger selective affinities than (-)-nicotine for neuronal nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	322-334	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
10860932-3	2000	Here, another commonly abused drug, cocaine, is shown to selectively inhibit particular nAChR subtypes with a potency in the low micromolar range by interacting with separate sites associated with the alpha4 and beta4 nAChR subunits.	Cocaine	36-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
10860932-3	2000	Here, another commonly abused drug, cocaine, is shown to selectively inhibit particular nAChR subtypes with a potency in the low micromolar range by interacting with separate sites associated with the alpha4 and beta4 nAChR subunits.	Cocaine	36-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	218-223
10938474-0	2000	Synthesis and evaluation of 6-[(18)F]fluoro-3-(2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine as a PET tracer for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	6-[(18)f]fluoro-3-(2(s)-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine	28-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-132
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
10867984-2	2000	OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to examine the effects of the nAchR antagonist mecamylamine on inspection time.	Mecamylamine	83-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	Nicotine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	epibatidine	124-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	epibatidine	124-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	185-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
10773216-5	2000	This inhibition was sensitive to, and reversed by, not only nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists (nicotine and epibatidine), but also the alpha7 nAChR-selective antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA).	methyllycaconitine	205-208	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	94-99
10735809-0	2000	Pentobarbital has curare-like effects on adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel currents.	Pentobarbital	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
10735809-2	2000	We investigated block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel currents by PB using the patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange.	Pentobarbital	86-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-57
10735809-2	2000	We investigated block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel currents by PB using the patch-clamp technique in combination with an ultrafast system for solution exchange.	Pentobarbital	86-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
10735809-6	2000	Preincubation of nAChR channels with PB led to a decrease of the peak current amplitude without alteration of activation and desensitization kinetics caused by competitive block of nAChR channels.	Pentobarbital	37-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
10735809-6	2000	Preincubation of nAChR channels with PB led to a decrease of the peak current amplitude without alteration of activation and desensitization kinetics caused by competitive block of nAChR channels.	Pentobarbital	37-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	181-186
10735809-7	2000	In conclusion, similar to the effect of d-Tubocurarine, block of nAChR channel currents by PB can be explained by a combination of open-channel and competitive block.	Pentobarbital	91-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
10735809-9	2000	PB elicited open-channel block and competitive block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel currents, whereas the latter seems to be effective in clinically relevant concentrations.	Pentobarbital	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-88
10812948-0	2000	Recombinant human receptors and functional assays in the discovery of altinicline (SIB-1508Y), a novel acetylcholine-gated ion channel (nAChR) agonist.	altinicline maleate	70-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
10812948-0	2000	Recombinant human receptors and functional assays in the discovery of altinicline (SIB-1508Y), a novel acetylcholine-gated ion channel (nAChR) agonist.	Acetylcholine	103-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
10812948-2	2000	The discovery that neuronal nAChRs are further subdivided into multiple subtypes suggests that drugs which act selectively at specific nAChR subtypes might effectively treat Parkinson"s disease (PD), Alzheimer"s disease (AD), schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, anxiety or pain without the accompanying adverse side effects associated with non-selective agents such as nicotine (1) and epibatidine.	Nicotine	366-374	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
10812948-2	2000	The discovery that neuronal nAChRs are further subdivided into multiple subtypes suggests that drugs which act selectively at specific nAChR subtypes might effectively treat Parkinson"s disease (PD), Alzheimer"s disease (AD), schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, anxiety or pain without the accompanying adverse side effects associated with non-selective agents such as nicotine (1) and epibatidine.	epibatidine	383-394	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	83-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-161
10653787-5	2000	After correcting for nonspecific partitioning into the lipid, the equilibrium dissociation constant, K(d), of isoflurane binding to nAChR at 15 degrees C was found to be 0.36 +/- 0.03 mM.	Isoflurane	110-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	Cholesterol	15-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-161
10668717-8	2000	For the block of nAChR channel currents with a-bungarotoxin, a similar mechanism of block was found.	a-bungarotoxin	45-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	17-22
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	83-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	Cholesterol	28-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-161
10625607-2	2000	The difference between spectra recorded in the presence and absence of agonist from the nAChR reconstituted into 3:1:1 egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/DOPA/Chol membranes exhibits positive and negative bands that serve as markers of the structural changes associated with the resting to desensitized conformational change.	Phosphatidylcholines	123-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	56-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-161
10625607-1	2000	The effects of cholesterol (Chol) and an anionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidic acid (DOPA) on the conformational equilibria of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) have been investigated using Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	56-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	163-168
10625607-2	2000	The difference between spectra recorded in the presence and absence of agonist from the nAChR reconstituted into 3:1:1 egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/DOPA/Chol membranes exhibits positive and negative bands that serve as markers of the structural changes associated with the resting to desensitized conformational change.	epc	144-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
10625607-2	2000	The difference between spectra recorded in the presence and absence of agonist from the nAChR reconstituted into 3:1:1 egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/DOPA/Chol membranes exhibits positive and negative bands that serve as markers of the structural changes associated with the resting to desensitized conformational change.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	149-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
10625607-2	2000	The difference between spectra recorded in the presence and absence of agonist from the nAChR reconstituted into 3:1:1 egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/DOPA/Chol membranes exhibits positive and negative bands that serve as markers of the structural changes associated with the resting to desensitized conformational change.	Cholesterol	154-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	Cholesterol	27-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	Cholesterol	27-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	35-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	155-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	155-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	155-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	dioleoylphosphatidic acid	155-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	191-196
10625607-5	2000	At higher levels of either Chol or DOPA, the nAChR is stabilized in a conformation that is capable of undergoing agonist-induced desensitization, although DOPA appears to be required for the nAChR to adopt a conformation fully equivalent to that found in native and 3:1:1 EPC/DOPA/Chol membranes.	Cholesterol	281-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
10601857-0	2000	Structure-activity relationship and site of binding of polyamine derivatives at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Polyamines	55-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-116
11261802-1	2000	The neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are involved in functional processes in brain including cognitive function and memory.	Acetylcholine	23-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
11261802-4	2000	(S) [11C]Nicotine, has so far been the only nAChR ligand used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies for visualizing nAChRs in human brain.	Nicotine	9-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	44-49
11261802-9	2000	Due to a probably high alpha4beta2 nAChR selectivity combined with low toxicity, the A-85380 analogs presently seem to be the most promising nAChR ligand imaging of subtypes of nAChRs in human brain.	A 85380	85-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
11261802-9	2000	Due to a probably high alpha4beta2 nAChR selectivity combined with low toxicity, the A-85380 analogs presently seem to be the most promising nAChR ligand imaging of subtypes of nAChRs in human brain.	A 85380	85-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
11261808-0	2000	Galantamine is an allosterically potentiating ligand of the human alpha4/beta2 nAChR.	Galantamine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
11261808-2	2000	Originally established as a reversible inhibitor of the acetylcholine-degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), galantamine also acts as an allosterically potentiating ligand (APL) on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Galantamine	116-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	188-221
11261808-2	2000	Originally established as a reversible inhibitor of the acetylcholine-degrading enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), galantamine also acts as an allosterically potentiating ligand (APL) on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Galantamine	116-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	223-228
11261808-4	2000	This nAChR-sensitizing action is not a common property of all, or most, AChE inhibitors, as is shown by the absence of this effect for other therapeutically applied AChE inhibitors including tacrine, metrifonate, rivastigmine and donepezil.	Rivastigmine	213-225	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
11261808-4	2000	This nAChR-sensitizing action is not a common property of all, or most, AChE inhibitors, as is shown by the absence of this effect for other therapeutically applied AChE inhibitors including tacrine, metrifonate, rivastigmine and donepezil.	Donepezil	230-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	philanthotoxins	28-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	philanthotoxins	28-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	phtxs	45-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	phtxs	45-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	polyamine amides	61-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
10601857-1	2000	Several wasp venoms contain philanthotoxins (PhTXs), natural polyamine amides, which act as noncompetitive inhibitors (NCIs) on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	polyamine amides	61-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
10601857-9	2000	To elucidate the site of PhTX binding, a photolabile, radioactive PhTX derivative was photocross-linked to the nAChR in its closed channel conformation resulting in labeling yields for the two alpha and the beta, gamma and delta subunits of 10.4, 11.1, 4.0 and 7.4%, respectively.	phtx	25-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
10601857-9	2000	To elucidate the site of PhTX binding, a photolabile, radioactive PhTX derivative was photocross-linked to the nAChR in its closed channel conformation resulting in labeling yields for the two alpha and the beta, gamma and delta subunits of 10.4, 11.1, 4.0 and 7.4%, respectively.	phtx	66-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
11205143-3	2000	This neuroprotective/trophic role of nAChR activation has been mainly mediated by alpha7 and alpha4beta2 nAChR subtypes, as evidenced using selective nAChR antagonists, and by potent nAChR agonists recently found displaying efficacy and/or larger selective affinities than (-)-nicotine for neuronal nAChR subtypes.	Nicotine	277-285	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
10563623-10	1999	C755T replaced serine 252 (Ser252) in the second membrane-spanning domain (M2) of CHRNA4 with a leucine.	Leucine	96-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-88
10627582-3	2000	The whole-cell mode of the patch-clamp technique was used to record responses triggered by U-tube application of the nonselective agonist ACh and of the alpha7-nAChR-selective agonist choline to interneurons visualized by means of infrared-assisted videomicroscopy in slices of the human cerebral cortex.	Choline	184-191	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
10755645-3	2000	Evidence of binding to nAChRs and high specificity of the binding in vivo was demonstrated by inhibition with nAChR selective ligands as well as with unlabeled 6-FA.	6-fa	160-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
10602707-0	1999	Analogues of neuroactive polyamine wasp toxins that lack inner basic sites exhibit enhanced antagonism toward a muscle-type mammalian nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Polyamines	25-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	134-166
10563623-10	1999	C755T replaced serine 252 (Ser252) in the second membrane-spanning domain (M2) of CHRNA4 with a leucine.	Serine	15-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	82-88
10572015-5	1999	On the basis of these results, we also describe a simple protocol for identifying disulfide loops in soluble and membrane proteins, exemplified by the alpha subunit of the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Disulfides	82-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	213-218
10487182-6	1999	RESULTS: ACh-evoked currents at the human alpha4beta2 nAChR were readily and reversibly inhibited by approximately 100 microM CBZ.	Acetylcholine	9-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
10509744-3	1999	Nicotine, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, has long been known to have antinociceptive effects in both experimental animals and humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
10509744-3	1999	Nicotine, a neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, has long been known to have antinociceptive effects in both experimental animals and humans.	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
10509744-6	1999	Epibatidine, a potent nAChR agonist, was found to have full efficacy relative to opioids in preclinical pain models.	epibatidine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
10509744-8	1999	Moreover, exploration of the molecular biology of nAChRs revealed evidence of receptor diversity, suggesting that nAChR subtype-selective agents less toxic than nicotine might be discovered; and early medicinal chemistry efforts already have resulted in compounds with improved safety profiles.	Nicotine	161-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
10509744-9	1999	For example, ABT-594 is a nAChR agonist with the antinociceptive efficacy of epibatidine, but with an improved safety profile.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	13-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10509744-9	1999	For example, ABT-594 is a nAChR agonist with the antinociceptive efficacy of epibatidine, but with an improved safety profile.	epibatidine	77-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10487182-6	1999	RESULTS: ACh-evoked currents at the human alpha4beta2 nAChR were readily and reversibly inhibited by approximately 100 microM CBZ.	Carbamazepine	126-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
10487182-11	1999	The increased sensitivity of these mutant receptors supports the hypothesis that the antiepileptic activity of CBZ can, at least to some extent, be attributed to the nAChR inhibition.	Carbamazepine	111-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
10428390-2	1999	Despite the extensive modifications, the binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is in the low micromolar range according to an inhibition assay using 3H-thienylcyclohexyl-piperidine (TCP).	tenocyclidine	163-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
10441742-1	1999	As a first step in determining whether there are polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes that are associated with nicotine addiction, we isolated genomic clones of the beta2-nAChR genes from human and mouse BAC libraries.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-102
10441742-1	1999	As a first step in determining whether there are polymorphisms in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) genes that are associated with nicotine addiction, we isolated genomic clones of the beta2-nAChR genes from human and mouse BAC libraries.	Nicotine	142-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
10450598-0	1999	SER252PHE and 776INS3 mutations in the CHRNA4 gene are rare in the Italian ADNFLE population.	ser252phe	0-9	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-45
10366615-1	1999	It is hypothesized that desensitization of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) induced by chronic exposure to nicotine initiates upregulation of nAChR number.	Nicotine	126-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
10419547-0	1999	Photoaffinity labeling the torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with [(3)H]tetracaine, a nondesensitizing noncompetitive antagonist.	[(3)h]tetracaine	73-89	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-67
10419547-1	1999	Tetracaine (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Tetracaine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	246-278
10419547-1	1999	Tetracaine (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Tetracaine	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	280-285
10419547-1	1999	Tetracaine (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	n,n-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate	12-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	246-278
10419547-1	1999	Tetracaine (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	aromatic amine	189-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	246-278
10419547-1	1999	Tetracaine (N,N-dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N,N-dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	aromatic amine	189-203	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	280-285
10419547-2	1999	[(3)H]Tetracaine binds at equilibrium to a single site with a K(eq) value of 0.5 microM in the absence of agonist or presence of alpha-bungarotoxin and with a K(eq) value of 30 microM in the presence of agonist (i.e., for nAChR in the desensitized state).	[(3)h]tetracaine	0-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	222-227
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	n,n-deae	73-81	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	n,n-diethylaminopropyl esters	86-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester	219-245	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	2-diethylaminoethanol	249-273	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	4-amino benzoate ester	291-313	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-3	1999	Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N,N-DEAE and N,N-diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N, N-diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine).	Procaine	315-323	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
10419547-4	1999	Irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine resulted in covalent incorporation with similar efficiency into nAChR alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits.	[(3)h]tetracaine	64-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
10419547-4	1999	Irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine resulted in covalent incorporation with similar efficiency into nAChR alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits.	[(3)h]tetracaine	64-80	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
10419547-5	1999	The pharmacological specificity of nAChR subunit photolabeling as well as its dependence on [(3)H]tetracaine concentration establish that the observed photolabeling is at the high-affinity [(3)H]tetracaine-binding site.	[(3)h]tetracaine	92-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
10419547-5	1999	The pharmacological specificity of nAChR subunit photolabeling as well as its dependence on [(3)H]tetracaine concentration establish that the observed photolabeling is at the high-affinity [(3)H]tetracaine-binding site.	Tetracaine	98-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
10419547-7	1999	With all four subunits contributing to [(3)H]tetracaine site, the site in the closed channel state of the nAChR is most likely within the central ion channel domain.	[(3)h]tetracaine	39-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	106-111
10419548-0	1999	Identification of amino acids of the torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributing to the binding site for the noncompetitive antagonist [(3)H]tetracaine.	[(3)h]tetracaine	145-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-77
10419548-1	1999	[(3)H]Tetracaine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds with high affinity in the absence of cholinergic agonist (K(eq) = 0.5 microM) and weakly (K(eq) = 30 microM) in the presence of agonist (i.e., to nAChR in the desensitized state).	[(3)h]tetracaine	0-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-95
10419548-1	1999	[(3)H]Tetracaine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds with high affinity in the absence of cholinergic agonist (K(eq) = 0.5 microM) and weakly (K(eq) = 30 microM) in the presence of agonist (i.e., to nAChR in the desensitized state).	[(3)h]tetracaine	0-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
10419548-1	1999	[(3)H]Tetracaine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds with high affinity in the absence of cholinergic agonist (K(eq) = 0.5 microM) and weakly (K(eq) = 30 microM) in the presence of agonist (i.e., to nAChR in the desensitized state).	[(3)h]tetracaine	0-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	261-266
10419548-2	1999	In the absence of agonist, irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine results in specific photoincorporation of [(3)H]tetracaine into each nAChR subunit.	[(3)h]tetracaine	91-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
10419548-2	1999	In the absence of agonist, irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine results in specific photoincorporation of [(3)H]tetracaine into each nAChR subunit.	[(3)h]tetracaine	91-107	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
10419548-2	1999	In the absence of agonist, irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine results in specific photoincorporation of [(3)H]tetracaine into each nAChR subunit.	[(3)h]tetracaine	150-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
10419548-2	1999	In the absence of agonist, irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [(3)H]tetracaine results in specific photoincorporation of [(3)H]tetracaine into each nAChR subunit.	[(3)h]tetracaine	150-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	177-182
10419548-3	1999	In this report, we identify the amino acids of each nAChR subunit specifically photolabeled by [(3)H]tetracaine that contribute to the high-affinity binding site.	[(3)h]tetracaine	95-111	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
10419548-4	1999	Subunits isolated from nAChR-rich membranes photolabeled with [(3)H]tetracaine were subjected to enzymatic digestion, and peptides containing (3)H were purified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by reversed phase HPLC.	[(3)h]tetracaine	62-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
10377231-0	1999	Synthesis and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in vivo binding properties of 2-fluoro-3-[2(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine: a new positron emission tomography ligand for nicotinic receptors.	2-fluoro-3-[2(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	77-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	14-46
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	3-pyridyl ethers	37-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-218
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	3-pyridyl ethers	37-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	220-225
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	azetidine	59-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-218
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	azetidine	59-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	220-225
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	3-[(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	89-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	186-218
10377231-1	1999	The lead compound of a new series of 3-pyridyl ethers, the azetidine derivative A-85380 (3-[(S)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine), is a potent and selective ligand for the human alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype.	3-[(s)-2-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine	89-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	220-225
10428390-2	1999	Despite the extensive modifications, the binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is in the low micromolar range according to an inhibition assay using 3H-thienylcyclohexyl-piperidine (TCP).	tenocyclidine	163-194	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
10428390-2	1999	Despite the extensive modifications, the binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is in the low micromolar range according to an inhibition assay using 3H-thienylcyclohexyl-piperidine (TCP).	tenocyclidine	196-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-84
10428390-2	1999	Despite the extensive modifications, the binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is in the low micromolar range according to an inhibition assay using 3H-thienylcyclohexyl-piperidine (TCP).	tenocyclidine	196-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
10213799-6	1999	Discussed are recent advances in the areas of: 1) g-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor/benzodiazepine (GABAA/BZ) inverse agonists; 2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists; 3) serotonin subtype 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists; and 4) potassium (K+) M-channel inhibitors.	Serotonin	190-199	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
10359088-0	1999	Neuronal nAChR stereoselectivity to non-natural epibatidine derivatives.	epibatidine	48-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
10213799-6	1999	Discussed are recent advances in the areas of: 1) g-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor/benzodiazepine (GABAA/BZ) inverse agonists; 2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists; 3) serotonin subtype 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonists; and 4) potassium (K+) M-channel inhibitors.	Potassium	248-257	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-175
10215652-2	1999	The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of acute ethanol treatment on different combinations of human nAChR (hnAChR) subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes.	Ethanol	69-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
10037483-3	1999	This study also confirms previous findings of nAChR functional block by fluoxetine (Prozac).	Fluoxetine	72-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
10216184-1	1999	Tetracycline-regulated expression of recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of human alpha7 subunits is achieved in native nAChR-null SH-EP1 human epithelial cells.	Tetracycline	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-82
10216184-1	1999	Tetracycline-regulated expression of recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of human alpha7 subunits is achieved in native nAChR-null SH-EP1 human epithelial cells.	Tetracycline	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
10216184-1	1999	Tetracycline-regulated expression of recombinant nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) composed of human alpha7 subunits is achieved in native nAChR-null SH-EP1 human epithelial cells.	Tetracycline	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	20-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
10216184-5	1999	Chronic exposure to nicotine induces up-regulation of human recombinant alpha7-nAChR (80% up-regulation at 10 microM nicotine) just as it does native alpha7-nAChR in other human cell lines.	Nicotine	117-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
10191324-7	1999	It is this alpha3-containing nAChR subtype that probably accounts for most of the excess activity elicited by nicotine application.	Nicotine	110-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
10037483-3	1999	This study also confirms previous findings of nAChR functional block by fluoxetine (Prozac).	Fluoxetine	84-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
10072197-5	1999	Pretreatment with several nAChR ligands (nicotine, cytisine, epibatidine, unlabeled fluoro-A-85380) substantially reduced uptake of the radioligand in the three cerebral areas.	Nicotine	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10208315-2	1999	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits are expressed in trigeminal primary afferents and could constitute the receptors involved in nicotine perception.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-41
10208315-2	1999	Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) subunits are expressed in trigeminal primary afferents and could constitute the receptors involved in nicotine perception.	Nicotine	152-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	43-48
9927628-2	1999	Several LAs induce subtle changes in the vibrational spectrum of the nAChR over a range of concentrations consistent with their reported nAChR-binding affinities.	Lanthanum	8-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
9927628-2	1999	Several LAs induce subtle changes in the vibrational spectrum of the nAChR over a range of concentrations consistent with their reported nAChR-binding affinities.	Lanthanum	8-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
9927628-6	1999	Our results suggest that LAs stabilize multiple conformations of the nAChR by binding to at least two conformationally sensitive LA-binding sites.	Lanthanum	25-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
10051526-0	1999	Regulation of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor desensitization by calcium and protein kinase C. Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) desensitization is hypothesized to be a trigger for long-term changes in receptor number and function observed after chronic administration of nicotine at levels similar to those found in persons who use tobacco.	Nicotine	287-295	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
10072197-5	1999	Pretreatment with several nAChR ligands (nicotine, cytisine, epibatidine, unlabeled fluoro-A-85380) substantially reduced uptake of the radioligand in the three cerebral areas.	cytisine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10072197-5	1999	Pretreatment with several nAChR ligands (nicotine, cytisine, epibatidine, unlabeled fluoro-A-85380) substantially reduced uptake of the radioligand in the three cerebral areas.	epibatidine	61-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10072197-5	1999	Pretreatment with several nAChR ligands (nicotine, cytisine, epibatidine, unlabeled fluoro-A-85380) substantially reduced uptake of the radioligand in the three cerebral areas.	fluoro-a	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	26-31
10096514-1	1999	We have previously shown that [18F]norchlorofluoroepibatidine ([18F]NFEP) would be an ideal radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); however, its high toxicity is a limiting factor for human studies.	[18f]norchlorofluoroepibatidine	30-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	154-187
9862757-2	1999	The present study establishes the acute functional effects of bupropion, phencyclidine, and ibogaine on two human nAChR subtypes.	Bupropion	62-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
9862757-2	1999	The present study establishes the acute functional effects of bupropion, phencyclidine, and ibogaine on two human nAChR subtypes.	Phencyclidine	73-86	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
9862757-2	1999	The present study establishes the acute functional effects of bupropion, phencyclidine, and ibogaine on two human nAChR subtypes.	Ibogaine	92-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	114-119
10096514-1	1999	We have previously shown that [18F]norchlorofluoroepibatidine ([18F]NFEP) would be an ideal radiotracer for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR); however, its high toxicity is a limiting factor for human studies.	[18f]norchlorofluoroepibatidine	30-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
9732388-0	1998	Potentiation and inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by spermine in the TE671 human muscle cell line.	Spermine	68-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	31-64
10022256-2	1998	The use of the alpha7-nAChR-selective agonist choline and of nAChR-subtype-selective antagonists led to the conclusion that these responses can be mediated by alpha7 or alpha4beta2 nAChRs.	Choline	46-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	22-27
9863767-8	1998	Human nAChR in SH-SY5Y cells appeared more sensitive to block by physostigmine, PSP and paraoxon, while these AChE inhibitors similarly inhibited nicotinic currents in insect cells and in mouse neuroblastoma cells.	Physostigmine	65-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
9863767-8	1998	Human nAChR in SH-SY5Y cells appeared more sensitive to block by physostigmine, PSP and paraoxon, while these AChE inhibitors similarly inhibited nicotinic currents in insect cells and in mouse neuroblastoma cells.	phenylsaligenin cyclic phosphate	80-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
9863767-8	1998	Human nAChR in SH-SY5Y cells appeared more sensitive to block by physostigmine, PSP and paraoxon, while these AChE inhibitors similarly inhibited nicotinic currents in insect cells and in mouse neuroblastoma cells.	Paraoxon	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
10049129-4	1998	(2) The present experiments investigate the effects of L-NMMA, L-Name, and L-arginine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (nAChR) using patch clamp techniques and a piezo-driven application system.	omega-N-Methylarginine	55-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
10049129-4	1998	(2) The present experiments investigate the effects of L-NMMA, L-Name, and L-arginine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (nAChR) using patch clamp techniques and a piezo-driven application system.	NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester	63-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
10049129-4	1998	(2) The present experiments investigate the effects of L-NMMA, L-Name, and L-arginine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (nAChR) using patch clamp techniques and a piezo-driven application system.	Arginine	75-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	140-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-79
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	140-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	157-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-79
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	157-161	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	252-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-79
10049140-1	1998	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded in the absence and presence of the agonist carbamylcholine (Carb) reveals a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of Carb-induced structural change.	Carbachol	252-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
10049140-4	1998	Spectral variations are also observed that are indicative of both the displacement of the anesthetics from the nAChR upon the addition of Carb and physical interactions that occur between the anesthetics and binding site residues.	Carbachol	138-142	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
9784183-2	1998	A nAChR subtype composed of alpha3 and beta4 subunits (alpha3/beta4 subtype), prepared from a stably transfected KXalpha3beta4R2 cell line, has been immobilized in the phospholipid monolayer of an immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) liquid chromatography (LC) stationary phase.	Phospholipids	168-180	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	2-7
9778355-0	1998	Secondary structure of the exchange-resistant core from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor probed directly by infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen/deuterium exchange.	Hydrogen	138-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
9778355-0	1998	Secondary structure of the exchange-resistant core from the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor probed directly by infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen/deuterium exchange.	Deuterium	147-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	60-92
9778355-1	1998	The spectral changes that occur in infrared spectra recorded as a function of time after exposure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) to 2H2O buffer were examined in order to investigate the secondary structure of the transmembrane domain.	2h2o	149-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
9778355-1	1998	The spectral changes that occur in infrared spectra recorded as a function of time after exposure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) to 2H2O buffer were examined in order to investigate the secondary structure of the transmembrane domain.	2h2o	149-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
9778355-4	1998	Further exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O under conditions of both increasing pH and membrane "fluidity" led to additional exchange of peptide hydrogens for deuterium.	2h2o	33-37	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
9778355-4	1998	Further exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O under conditions of both increasing pH and membrane "fluidity" led to additional exchange of peptide hydrogens for deuterium.	Hydrogen	139-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
9778355-4	1998	Further exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O under conditions of both increasing pH and membrane "fluidity" led to additional exchange of peptide hydrogens for deuterium.	Deuterium	153-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	24-29
9778355-5	1998	The greatest degree of peptide 1H/2H exchange (95%) under nondenaturing conditions was found for the nAChR reconstituted into the highly fluid egg phosphatidylcholine membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids at pH 9.0.	Hydrogen	31-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
9778355-5	1998	The greatest degree of peptide 1H/2H exchange (95%) under nondenaturing conditions was found for the nAChR reconstituted into the highly fluid egg phosphatidylcholine membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids at pH 9.0.	Deuterium	34-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
9778355-5	1998	The greatest degree of peptide 1H/2H exchange (95%) under nondenaturing conditions was found for the nAChR reconstituted into the highly fluid egg phosphatidylcholine membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids at pH 9.0.	Phosphatidylcholines	147-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
9778355-5	1998	The greatest degree of peptide 1H/2H exchange (95%) under nondenaturing conditions was found for the nAChR reconstituted into the highly fluid egg phosphatidylcholine membranes lacking cholesterol and anionic lipids at pH 9.0.	Cholesterol	185-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
9765366-1	1998	ACh receptors sensitive to nicotine (nAChR) are present in human skin keratinocytes and in bronchial epithelial cells.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
9804040-2	1998	Evidence of binding to nAChRs and high specificity of the binding in vivo was demonstrated by inhibition with nAChR selective ligands as well as with unlabeled 2-fluoro-A-85380.	2-fluoro-a	160-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
9736631-6	1998	The synaptic enhancement lasting minutes suggests that nAChR activity can initiate calcium-dependent mechanisms that are known to induce glutamatergic synaptic plasticity.	Calcium	83-90	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
9726923-1	1998	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a cation-selective ion channel that opens in response to acetylcholine binding.	Acetylcholine	14-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
9726923-6	1998	In particular, for the nAChR the ring of glutamate side chains at the extracellular mouth of the pore is predicted to be largely protonated at neutral pH, whereas those glutamate side chains in the intracellular and intermediate rings (at the opposite mouth of the pore) are predicted to be fully ionized.	Glutamic Acid	41-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
9572289-6	1998	The nicotine-induced up-regulation of nAChR binding sites in SH-SY5Y cells was shifted to the right by two orders of magnitude as compared with that in M10 cells.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
9694939-4	1998	nAChRs also are targets of nicotine, which acts acutely like acetylcholine to stimulate nAChR function.	Nicotine	27-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
9694939-4	1998	nAChRs also are targets of nicotine, which acts acutely like acetylcholine to stimulate nAChR function.	Acetylcholine	61-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
9694939-6	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment induces increases in numbers of human muscle-type nAChRs containing alpha-1, beta-1, gamma and delta subunits, a human ganglionic nAChR subtype containing alpha-3 and beta-4 subunits and a human ganglionic nAChR containing alpha-7 subunits in intracellular and (except for alpha-7 nAChRs) in cell surface pools.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
9694939-6	1998	Chronic nicotine treatment induces increases in numbers of human muscle-type nAChRs containing alpha-1, beta-1, gamma and delta subunits, a human ganglionic nAChR subtype containing alpha-3 and beta-4 subunits and a human ganglionic nAChR containing alpha-7 subunits in intracellular and (except for alpha-7 nAChRs) in cell surface pools.	Nicotine	8-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	157-162
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	45-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
9694939-7	1998	However, the half-maximal potency with which nicotine has these effects differs across these nAChR subtypes, as do rates and magnitudes of the "nicotine-induced nAChR up-regulation."	Nicotine	144-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	161-166
9694939-9	1998	Nicotine exposure more potently, more rapidly, and with nAChR-subtype specificity, induces two phases of losses in functional responsiveness of muscle-type nAChRs and alpha-3 beta-4 nAChRs, including a "persistent inactivation" that is distinct from classicly defined "desensitization."	Nicotine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
9694939-10	1998	Based on these results, we hypothesize that chronic nicotine treatment induces persistent functional inactivation and numerical up-regulation of all nAChR subtypes via distinct post-transcriptional mechanisms and with potencies, at rates and with magnitudes that are nAChR-subtype specific.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
9694939-10	1998	Based on these results, we hypothesize that chronic nicotine treatment induces persistent functional inactivation and numerical up-regulation of all nAChR subtypes via distinct post-transcriptional mechanisms and with potencies, at rates and with magnitudes that are nAChR-subtype specific.	Nicotine	52-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	267-272
9649579-2	1998	Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder mediated by antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) resulting in a functional nAChR loss.	Acetylcholine	95-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	119-124
9649579-2	1998	Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a neuromuscular disorder mediated by antibodies directed against the acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) resulting in a functional nAChR loss.	Acetylcholine	95-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
10076528-10	1998	Our findings suggest that NNK may contribute to the genesis of SCLC in smokers via chronic stimulation of the alpha BTX-sensitive nAChR-subtype expressed in these cells.	BATRACHOTOXIN	116-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
9580626-2	1998	The discovery of (+/-)-epibatidine, a naturally occurring neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist with antinociceptive activity 200-fold more potent than that of morphine, has renewed interest in the potential role of nAChRs in pain processing.	epibatidine	17-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
9703439-1	1998	The effects of carbamate anticholinesterases, pyridostigmine and physostigmine, on the function of the nicotinic receptor (nAChR) in TE671 cells was studied, precluding their inhibition of acetylcholine hydrolysis by carbachol usage.	Carbamates	15-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
9571060-10	1998	These structural data are used to interpret the varying nAChR binding of the non-native forms.A model for the binding of native GI(2-7;3-13) to the mammalian nAChR is proposed, with an alpha-subunit binding face made up of Cys2, Asn4, Pro5, Ala6 and Cys7 and a selectivity face, comprised of Arg9 and His10.	CYS7	250-254	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
9572289-7	1998	The epibatidine-induced up-regulation of nAChR binding sites in SH-SY5Y cells was one-fourth that in M10 cells.	epibatidine	4-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
9580626-3	1998	However, (+/-)-epibatidine has significant side-effect liabilities associated with potent activity at the ganglionic and neuromuscular junction nAChR subtypes which limit its potential as a clinical entity.	epibatidine	9-26	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	144-149
9580626-4	1998	ABT-594 [(R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine] is a novel, potent cholinergic nAChR ligand with analgesic properties (see accompanying paper by Bannon et al., 1998b) that shows preferential selectivity for neuronal nAChRs and a consequently improved in vivo side-effect profile compared with (+/-)-epibatidine.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
9584223-2	1998	Here, we studied up-regulation of the nAChR composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits in the M10 cell line by using [3H]epibatidine to measure nAChR in cells in situ and in membrane preparations.	Tritium	113-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
9580626-4	1998	ABT-594 [(R)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine] is a novel, potent cholinergic nAChR ligand with analgesic properties (see accompanying paper by Bannon et al., 1998b) that shows preferential selectivity for neuronal nAChRs and a consequently improved in vivo side-effect profile compared with (+/-)-epibatidine.	(r)-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	9-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
9580626-8	1998	The S-enantiomer of ABT-594, A-98593 has activity at the neuronal alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR identical with ABT-594 (Ki = 34-39 pM), which demonstrates a lack of stereospecific binding similar to that reported previously for (+/-)-epibatidine.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
9584223-2	1998	Here, we studied up-regulation of the nAChR composed of alpha4 and beta2 subunits in the M10 cell line by using [3H]epibatidine to measure nAChR in cells in situ and in membrane preparations.	epibatidine	116-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
9489734-0	1998	Chronic ethanol treatment decreases [3H]epibatidine and [3H]nicotine binding and differentially regulates mRNA levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits expressed in M10 and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Ethanol	8-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-153
9508836-13	1998	Our findings indicate that the adult-type muscle nAChR (alphabetaepsilondelta) is more permeable to Ca2+ than the fetal-type (alphabetagammadelta), while ganglionic-like alpha3beta4 nAChR is more permeable to Ca2+ than the examined alpha4-containing nAChRs.	nachrs	250-256	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	49-54
9676742-2	1998	MPA showed an affinity (Ki = 1.21 nM) which was higher than anatoxin-a > (-)-nicotine > (+)-[R]nornicotine > (-)-[S]nornicotine > and (+)-nicotine, but lower than cytisine (Ki = 0.46 nM) in competing for (-)-[3H]nicotine binding in M10 cells, which stably express the recombinant alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	304-309
9489734-5	1998	Chronic treatment for 4 days with 100 mM ethanol significantly decreased the mRNA level for the alpha3 nAChR subunit (-39%), while the mRNA levels for the alpha7 (+30%) and alpha4 (+22%) subunits were significantly increased.	Ethanol	41-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
9489734-7	1998	Changes in the levels of nAChR protein and mRNA may have adaptive significance and be involved in the development of dependence, tolerance, and addiction to chronic ethanol and nicotine exposure.	Ethanol	165-172	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
9495846-1	1998	The present report describes in vitro studies demonstrating that the heterocyclic substituted pyridine compound (+/-)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (RJR-2429) is extremely potent in activating human muscle nicotine ACh receptor (nAChR) (EC50 = 59 +/- 17 nM; Emax = 110 +/- 09% vs. nicotine).	pyridine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	218-239
9489734-7	1998	Changes in the levels of nAChR protein and mRNA may have adaptive significance and be involved in the development of dependence, tolerance, and addiction to chronic ethanol and nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	177-185	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
9495846-1	1998	The present report describes in vitro studies demonstrating that the heterocyclic substituted pyridine compound (+/-)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (RJR-2429) is extremely potent in activating human muscle nicotine ACh receptor (nAChR) (EC50 = 59 +/- 17 nM; Emax = 110 +/- 09% vs. nicotine).	pyridine	94-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
9512361-0	1998	Identification of tryptophan 55 as the primary site of [3H]nicotine photoincorporation in the gamma-subunit of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Tryptophan	18-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
9495846-1	1998	The present report describes in vitro studies demonstrating that the heterocyclic substituted pyridine compound (+/-)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (RJR-2429) is extremely potent in activating human muscle nicotine ACh receptor (nAChR) (EC50 = 59 +/- 17 nM; Emax = 110 +/- 09% vs. nicotine).	2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octane	112-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	218-239
9495846-1	1998	The present report describes in vitro studies demonstrating that the heterocyclic substituted pyridine compound (+/-)-2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (RJR-2429) is extremely potent in activating human muscle nicotine ACh receptor (nAChR) (EC50 = 59 +/- 17 nM; Emax = 110 +/- 09% vs. nicotine).	2-(3-pyridinyl)-1-azabicyclo(2.2.2)octane	112-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
9537682-2	1998	The present study examined the effects of (-)-nicotine and the novel central nicotinic receptor (nAChR) agonists ABT-418 [(S)-3-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole] and ABT-089 [2-methyl-3-(2-(S)-pyrrolindinylmethoxy)pyridine dihydrochloride] on the delayed recall accuracy of adult monkeys exposed to distracting stimuli.	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	113-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
9495824-1	1998	To extend our knowledge of the pharmacological profile of human alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors, we investigated the action of hexamethonium on the major brain human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Hexamethonium	136-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-207
9495824-1	1998	To extend our knowledge of the pharmacological profile of human alpha4beta2 neuronal nicotinic receptors, we investigated the action of hexamethonium on the major brain human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Hexamethonium	136-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	209-214
9512361-0	1998	Identification of tryptophan 55 as the primary site of [3H]nicotine photoincorporation in the gamma-subunit of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Tritium	56-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
9512361-0	1998	Identification of tryptophan 55 as the primary site of [3H]nicotine photoincorporation in the gamma-subunit of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	59-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-155
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Tritium	1-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Tritium	1-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
9512361-1	1998	[3H]nicotine has been used as a photoaffinity agonist to identify amino acids within the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gamma-subunit that contributes to the structure of the agonist binding site.	Nicotine	4-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
9512361-2	1998	UV irradiation (254 nm) of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]nicotine results in covalent incorporation into alpha- and gamma-subunits that is inhibitable by agonists and competitive antagonists, but not by non-competitive antagonists (Middleton, R.E.	Tritium	67-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
9417028-2	1998	A potent (inhibition constant = 37 picomolar) neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand called ABT-594 was developed that has antinociceptive properties equal in efficacy to those of morphine across a series of diverse animal models of acute thermal, persistent chemical, and neuropathic pain states.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	110-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
9512361-2	1998	UV irradiation (254 nm) of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]nicotine results in covalent incorporation into alpha- and gamma-subunits that is inhibitable by agonists and competitive antagonists, but not by non-competitive antagonists (Middleton, R.E.	Nicotine	70-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
9621392-9	1998	The differential sensitivity of these receptors to the nicotinic agonists, cytisine and nicotine, reflects the heterogeneity of the NAchR subtypes involved.	cytisine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
9621392-9	1998	The differential sensitivity of these receptors to the nicotinic agonists, cytisine and nicotine, reflects the heterogeneity of the NAchR subtypes involved.	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
9417028-2	1998	A potent (inhibition constant = 37 picomolar) neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand called ABT-594 was developed that has antinociceptive properties equal in efficacy to those of morphine across a series of diverse animal models of acute thermal, persistent chemical, and neuropathic pain states.	5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine	110-117	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
9486473-6	1998	These data indicate that mecamylamine reduced irritation elicited by nicotine but not capsaicin, and provide further evidence that nicotine oral irritation is mediated via a neuronal nAchR while capsaicin activates trigeminal fibers via a separate molecular receptor.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
9417028-3	1998	These effects were blocked by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine.	Mecamylamine	51-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
9336329-4	1997	In radioligand binding studies, ABT-089 was shown to display selectivity toward the high-affinity (-)-cytisine binding site present on the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (Ki = 16 nM) relative to the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding site present on the alpha7 (Ki > or = 10,000 nM) and alpha1beta1deltagamma (Ki > 1000 nM) nAChR subtypes.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	32-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
9585143-3	1998	Examples of NAChR agonists studied are nicotine, SIB-1508Y, SIB-1553A and epibatidine.	Nicotine	39-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
9585143-3	1998	Examples of NAChR agonists studied are nicotine, SIB-1508Y, SIB-1553A and epibatidine.	epibatidine	74-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	12-17
9585143-9	1998	The discovery of subtype-selective NAChR agonists such as SIB-1508Y and SIB-1553A provides a new class of neuropsychopharmacological agents with better therapeutic ratios than nonspecific agents such as nicotine.	Nicotine	203-211	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
9374343-4	1997	In this study, the distribution and kinetics of [(+/-)-exo-2-(2-[18F] fluoro-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (18F-FPH), a high-affinity nAChR agonist, was evaluated in a baboon using PET.	[(+/-)-exo-2-(2-[18f] fluoro-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane	48-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
9374343-4	1997	In this study, the distribution and kinetics of [(+/-)-exo-2-(2-[18F] fluoro-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane (18F-FPH), a high-affinity nAChR agonist, was evaluated in a baboon using PET.	18f-fph	116-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	142-147
9407073-0	1997	Identification of amino acids contributing to high and low affinity d-tubocurarine sites in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Tubocurarine	68-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-136
9407073-1	1997	d-Tubocurarine (dTC) is a potent competitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds non-equivalently to the two agonist sites (Kd values of 30 nM and 8 microM).	Tubocurarine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-103
9407073-1	1997	d-Tubocurarine (dTC) is a potent competitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds non-equivalently to the two agonist sites (Kd values of 30 nM and 8 microM).	Tubocurarine	0-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9407073-1	1997	d-Tubocurarine (dTC) is a potent competitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds non-equivalently to the two agonist sites (Kd values of 30 nM and 8 microM).	Tubocurarine	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-103
9407073-1	1997	d-Tubocurarine (dTC) is a potent competitive antagonist of the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that binds non-equivalently to the two agonist sites (Kd values of 30 nM and 8 microM).	Tubocurarine	16-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9407073-2	1997	When nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]dTC are irradiated with 254 nm UV light, [3H]dTC is covalently incorporated into the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-subunits in a concentration-dependent and agonist-inhibitable manner, consistent with the localization of the high and low affinity dTC binding sites at the alpha-gamma- and alpha-delta-subunit interfaces, respectively (Pedersen, S. E. and Cohen, J.	Tritium	45-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
9407073-2	1997	When nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]dTC are irradiated with 254 nm UV light, [3H]dTC is covalently incorporated into the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-subunits in a concentration-dependent and agonist-inhibitable manner, consistent with the localization of the high and low affinity dTC binding sites at the alpha-gamma- and alpha-delta-subunit interfaces, respectively (Pedersen, S. E. and Cohen, J.	Tubocurarine	48-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
9407073-2	1997	When nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]dTC are irradiated with 254 nm UV light, [3H]dTC is covalently incorporated into the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-subunits in a concentration-dependent and agonist-inhibitable manner, consistent with the localization of the high and low affinity dTC binding sites at the alpha-gamma- and alpha-delta-subunit interfaces, respectively (Pedersen, S. E. and Cohen, J.	Tritium	90-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
9407073-2	1997	When nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]dTC are irradiated with 254 nm UV light, [3H]dTC is covalently incorporated into the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-subunits in a concentration-dependent and agonist-inhibitable manner, consistent with the localization of the high and low affinity dTC binding sites at the alpha-gamma- and alpha-delta-subunit interfaces, respectively (Pedersen, S. E. and Cohen, J.	Tubocurarine	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
9407073-2	1997	When nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]dTC are irradiated with 254 nm UV light, [3H]dTC is covalently incorporated into the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-subunits in a concentration-dependent and agonist-inhibitable manner, consistent with the localization of the high and low affinity dTC binding sites at the alpha-gamma- and alpha-delta-subunit interfaces, respectively (Pedersen, S. E. and Cohen, J.	Tubocurarine	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	5-10
9407073-11	1997	Subunits isolated from nAChR-rich membranes photolabeled with [3H]dTC were subjected to enzymatic digestion, and peptides containing 3H were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and/or reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.	[3h]dtc	62-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
9407073-11	1997	Subunits isolated from nAChR-rich membranes photolabeled with [3H]dTC were subjected to enzymatic digestion, and peptides containing 3H were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and/or reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography.	Tritium	63-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
9407073-18	1997	This pattern of conservation may indicate a functional significance for tryptophan at that location in all nAChR agonist sites.	Tryptophan	72-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
9353587-5	1997	Functional studies demonstrated that vincristine, tubulozole, podophyllotoxin, and demecolcine inhibited nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release noncompetitively and in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3 (1-10), 5 (2-10), 8 (4-15), and 19 (9-39) microM, respectively.	Vincristine	37-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9353587-5	1997	Functional studies demonstrated that vincristine, tubulozole, podophyllotoxin, and demecolcine inhibited nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release noncompetitively and in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3 (1-10), 5 (2-10), 8 (4-15), and 19 (9-39) microM, respectively.	tubulazole	50-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9353587-5	1997	Functional studies demonstrated that vincristine, tubulozole, podophyllotoxin, and demecolcine inhibited nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release noncompetitively and in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3 (1-10), 5 (2-10), 8 (4-15), and 19 (9-39) microM, respectively.	Podophyllotoxin	62-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9353587-5	1997	Functional studies demonstrated that vincristine, tubulozole, podophyllotoxin, and demecolcine inhibited nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release noncompetitively and in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3 (1-10), 5 (2-10), 8 (4-15), and 19 (9-39) microM, respectively.	Demecolcine	83-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9353587-5	1997	Functional studies demonstrated that vincristine, tubulozole, podophyllotoxin, and demecolcine inhibited nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release noncompetitively and in a concentration-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 3 (1-10), 5 (2-10), 8 (4-15), and 19 (9-39) microM, respectively.	Catecholamines	122-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
9336329-4	1997	In radioligand binding studies, ABT-089 was shown to display selectivity toward the high-affinity (-)-cytisine binding site present on the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (Ki = 16 nM) relative to the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding site present on the alpha7 (Ki > or = 10,000 nM) and alpha1beta1deltagamma (Ki > 1000 nM) nAChR subtypes.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	32-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	323-328
9336329-4	1997	In radioligand binding studies, ABT-089 was shown to display selectivity toward the high-affinity (-)-cytisine binding site present on the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (Ki = 16 nM) relative to the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding site present on the alpha7 (Ki > or = 10,000 nM) and alpha1beta1deltagamma (Ki > 1000 nM) nAChR subtypes.	cytisine	98-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
9336329-4	1997	In radioligand binding studies, ABT-089 was shown to display selectivity toward the high-affinity (-)-cytisine binding site present on the alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype (Ki = 16 nM) relative to the [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin binding site present on the alpha7 (Ki > or = 10,000 nM) and alpha1beta1deltagamma (Ki > 1000 nM) nAChR subtypes.	cytisine	98-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	323-328
9336329-5	1997	In cation flux and channel current studies, ABT-089 displayed a more complex profile than (-)-nicotine having agonist, partial agonist and inhibitory activities depending on the nAChR subtype with which it interacts.	pozanicline	44-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
9336329-5	1997	In cation flux and channel current studies, ABT-089 displayed a more complex profile than (-)-nicotine having agonist, partial agonist and inhibitory activities depending on the nAChR subtype with which it interacts.	Nicotine	90-102	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
9336329-9	1997	The differential full agonist/partial agonist profile of ABT-089, as compared with (-)-nicotine and ABT-418, illustrates the complexity of nAChR activation and the potential to target responses at subclasses of the neuronal and peripheral receptors.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	57-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
20654340-6	1997	The nature of the effect of the heavy metal Pb(2+) depends on the combination of mammalian neuronal a and beta nAChR subunits.	metal pb	38-46	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	111-116
9344890-8	1997	The data suggest that in addition to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, these OPs bind to a site on the nAChR that is different from the sites that bind ACh or TCP and that this binding induces nAChR desensitization.	Acetylcholine	106-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
9344890-8	1997	The data suggest that in addition to inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, these OPs bind to a site on the nAChR that is different from the sites that bind ACh or TCP and that this binding induces nAChR desensitization.	N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)succinimide	161-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
20654340-7	1997	Ion currents mediated by alpha4beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR are inhibited and those mediated by alpha3beta2 nAChR are potentiated by Pb(2+).	Lead	132-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
9284304-0	1997	Molecular dynamics study of water and Na+ ions in models of the pore region of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Water	28-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
9387186-7	1997	The function of the nAChR channels expressed by BEC was demonstrated by biphasic increase in the concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca++]i) in response to activation of the channel by Nic and fluctuations of [Ca++]i due to channel blockade by mecamylamine (Mec).	Calcium	129-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
9282914-2	1997	The cellular events underlying the antinociceptive effects of (+/-)-epibatidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand that is 200-fold more potent than morphine, is unknown.	epibatidine	62-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	83-115
9282914-2	1997	The cellular events underlying the antinociceptive effects of (+/-)-epibatidine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligand that is 200-fold more potent than morphine, is unknown.	epibatidine	62-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	117-122
9282914-5	1997	The noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine potently antagonized (-)-nicotine-evoked ion flux, whereas the competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a weak antagonist, giving support to an alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype.	Mecamylamine	36-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
9282914-5	1997	The noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine potently antagonized (-)-nicotine-evoked ion flux, whereas the competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a weak antagonist, giving support to an alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	70-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	19-24
9282914-5	1997	The noncompetitive nAChR antagonist mecamylamine potently antagonized (-)-nicotine-evoked ion flux, whereas the competitive antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine was a weak antagonist, giving support to an alpha3beta4 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	70-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	217-222
9282914-7	1997	Furthermore, prolonged exposure to (+/-)-epibatidine desensitized the functional response of the nAChR in this cell line (IC50 = 12 +/- 9 nM).	epibatidine	35-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-102
9281615-2	1997	In this study, the regulation of recombinant human alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype by (-)-nicotine and other cholinergic channel modulators was studied using human embryonic kidney 293 cells stably expressing this subunit combination.	Nicotine	80-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
9281615-10	1997	Both 6-beta-[beta"(piperidino)propionyl]forskolin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate increased [3H]cytisine binding sites and nAChR function and enhanced the effects of chronic (-)-nicotine treatment in a synergistic manner.	6-beta-[beta"(piperidino)propionyl]forskolin	5-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
9281615-10	1997	Both 6-beta-[beta"(piperidino)propionyl]forskolin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate increased [3H]cytisine binding sites and nAChR function and enhanced the effects of chronic (-)-nicotine treatment in a synergistic manner.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	54-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
9387186-7	1997	The function of the nAChR channels expressed by BEC was demonstrated by biphasic increase in the concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca++]i) in response to activation of the channel by Nic and fluctuations of [Ca++]i due to channel blockade by mecamylamine (Mec).	Mecamylamine	250-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
9387186-7	1997	The function of the nAChR channels expressed by BEC was demonstrated by biphasic increase in the concentrations of intracellular calcium ([Ca++]i) in response to activation of the channel by Nic and fluctuations of [Ca++]i due to channel blockade by mecamylamine (Mec).	Mecamylamine	264-267	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
9387186-10	1997	An over exposure of BEC to Nic, however, produced an antagonist-like effect, suggesting that the pathobiological effects of Nic toxicity might result from both activation of nAChR channels and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-179
9387186-10	1997	An over exposure of BEC to Nic, however, produced an antagonist-like effect, suggesting that the pathobiological effects of Nic toxicity might result from both activation of nAChR channels and nAChR desensitization.	Nicotine	27-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	193-198
9387186-12	1997	We believe that outside the neural system Nic interferes with functioning of non-neuronal cholinergic networks by displacing from nAChR its natural ligand acetylcholine which acts as a local hormone or cytokine in a variety of non-neuronal locations.	Acetylcholine	155-168	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
9189657-12	1997	The expression of multiple nAChR subtypes may allow for precise control of neurotransmission mediated by acetylcholine in diverse populations of neurons.	Acetylcholine	105-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-32
9221782-1	1997	We show that three of the eleven genes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that mediate resistance to the nematocide levamisole and to other cholinergic agonists encode nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits.	Levamisole	120-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	206-211
9221782-4	1997	Expression in Xenopus oocytes of combinations of these subunits that include the unc-38 alpha subunit results in levamisole-induced currents that are suppressed by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, neosurugatoxin, and d-tubocurarine but not alpha-bungarotoxin.	Levamisole	113-123	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
9221782-4	1997	Expression in Xenopus oocytes of combinations of these subunits that include the unc-38 alpha subunit results in levamisole-induced currents that are suppressed by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, neosurugatoxin, and d-tubocurarine but not alpha-bungarotoxin.	Mecamylamine	186-198	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
9221782-4	1997	Expression in Xenopus oocytes of combinations of these subunits that include the unc-38 alpha subunit results in levamisole-induced currents that are suppressed by the nAChR antagonists mecamylamine, neosurugatoxin, and d-tubocurarine but not alpha-bungarotoxin.	Tubocurarine	220-234	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	168-173
9223339-3	1997	Here we show that 3,3"-dimethyl suberimidate (DMS) is an agonistic bifunctional cross-linking reagent, which irreversibly "freezes" the nAChR in a high agonist affinity/closed-channel state.	3,3"-dimethyl suberimidate	18-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
9223339-3	1997	Here we show that 3,3"-dimethyl suberimidate (DMS) is an agonistic bifunctional cross-linking reagent, which irreversibly "freezes" the nAChR in a high agonist affinity/closed-channel state.	dms	46-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	136-141
9132013-1	1997	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded using the attenuated total reflectance technique in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine exhibits a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of the structural changes that occur in the nAChR upon agonist binding and subsequent desensitization.	Carbachol	177-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
9132013-1	1997	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded using the attenuated total reflectance technique in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine exhibits a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of the structural changes that occur in the nAChR upon agonist binding and subsequent desensitization.	Carbachol	177-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	324-329
9132013-1	1997	The difference between infrared spectra of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) recorded using the attenuated total reflectance technique in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine exhibits a complex pattern of positive and negative bands that provides a spectral map of the structural changes that occur in the nAChR upon agonist binding and subsequent desensitization.	Carbachol	177-192	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-79
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	31-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-250
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	108-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	108-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-250
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	Amides	130-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	Amides	130-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-250
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	108-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
9132013-5	1997	Difference spectra recorded in 2H2O buffer within either minutes or hours of prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O exhibit the same amide I difference band shifts that are observed in difference spectra recorded after 3 days prior exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	108-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	245-250
9104590-2	1997	For all nAChRs examined (chick and rat alpha 3 beta 4, chick alpha 3 beta 2, alpha 4 beta 2, alpha 7 and alpha 8), expression levels were high enough to allow measurements of acetylcholine-evoked whole-cell currents and nicotine-elicited Ca2+ transients as well as the functional characterization of nAChR channels.	Acetylcholine	175-188	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
9104590-2	1997	For all nAChRs examined (chick and rat alpha 3 beta 4, chick alpha 3 beta 2, alpha 4 beta 2, alpha 7 and alpha 8), expression levels were high enough to allow measurements of acetylcholine-evoked whole-cell currents and nicotine-elicited Ca2+ transients as well as the functional characterization of nAChR channels.	Nicotine	220-228	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	8-13
9104590-3	1997	Unitary acetylcholine-evoked events of alpha 8 nAChR had a slope conductance of 23 pS, whereas two conductance classes (19-23 and 32-45 pS) were identified for all other nAChR channels.	Acetylcholine	8-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
8987816-4	1996	The rank order of potency of four nAChR ligands to activate human alpha4beta2 receptors is (-)-nicotine > ACh > (-)-cytisine > ABT-418.	Nicotine	91-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
9022806-0	1997	Structure-activity studies on 2-methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy) pyridine (ABT-089): an orally bioavailable 3-pyridyl ether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand with cognition-enhancing properties.	pozanicline	30-76	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
9022806-0	1997	Structure-activity studies on 2-methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy) pyridine (ABT-089): an orally bioavailable 3-pyridyl ether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand with cognition-enhancing properties.	pozanicline	78-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
9022806-0	1997	Structure-activity studies on 2-methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy) pyridine (ABT-089): an orally bioavailable 3-pyridyl ether nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand with cognition-enhancing properties.	3-Pyridyl ether	111-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-159
9022806-1	1997	2-Methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, ABT-089 (S-4), a member of the 3-pyridyl ether class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands, shows positive effects in rodent and primate models of cognitive enhancement and a rodent model of anxiolytic activity and possesses a reduced propensity to activate peripheral ganglionic type receptors.	pozanicline	0-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
9022806-1	1997	2-Methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, ABT-089 (S-4), a member of the 3-pyridyl ether class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands, shows positive effects in rodent and primate models of cognitive enhancement and a rodent model of anxiolytic activity and possesses a reduced propensity to activate peripheral ganglionic type receptors.	pozanicline	0-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
9022806-1	1997	2-Methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, ABT-089 (S-4), a member of the 3-pyridyl ether class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands, shows positive effects in rodent and primate models of cognitive enhancement and a rodent model of anxiolytic activity and possesses a reduced propensity to activate peripheral ganglionic type receptors.	3-Pyridyl ether	78-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-135
9022806-1	1997	2-Methyl-3-(2(S)-pyrrolidinylmethoxy)pyridine, ABT-089 (S-4), a member of the 3-pyridyl ether class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands, shows positive effects in rodent and primate models of cognitive enhancement and a rodent model of anxiolytic activity and possesses a reduced propensity to activate peripheral ganglionic type receptors.	3-Pyridyl ether	78-93	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	137-142
8987816-4	1996	The rank order of potency of four nAChR ligands to activate human alpha4beta2 receptors is (-)-nicotine > ACh > (-)-cytisine > ABT-418.	cytisine	118-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
8987816-4	1996	The rank order of potency of four nAChR ligands to activate human alpha4beta2 receptors is (-)-nicotine > ACh > (-)-cytisine > ABT-418.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	136-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
8987816-6	1996	Coapplication of 1 microM ACh with known nAChR inhibitors such as dihydro-beta-erythroidine and methyllycaconitine reversibly reduces the current evoked by the agonist with respective IC50 values of 80 nM and 1.5 microM.	Acetylcholine	26-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
8987816-6	1996	Coapplication of 1 microM ACh with known nAChR inhibitors such as dihydro-beta-erythroidine and methyllycaconitine reversibly reduces the current evoked by the agonist with respective IC50 values of 80 nM and 1.5 microM.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	66-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
8987816-6	1996	Coapplication of 1 microM ACh with known nAChR inhibitors such as dihydro-beta-erythroidine and methyllycaconitine reversibly reduces the current evoked by the agonist with respective IC50 values of 80 nM and 1.5 microM.	methyllycaconitine	96-114	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
9007339-0	1996	Dinucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the human neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit gene (CHRNA4).	Dinucleoside Phosphates	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-129
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-111
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-262
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-111
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	113-118
8941400-1	1996	Methyllycaconitine (MLA, 1) is a novel, potent probe for mammalian and insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and displays remarkable selectivity toward neuronal [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BgTX) binding sites that correspond to alpha 7-type nAChR in mammalian brain.	methyllycaconitine	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	257-262
8941400-5	1996	This study therefore extends the range of norditerpenoids, other than MLA, which can be used to probe this important class of nAChR.	Diterpenes	42-57	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	126-131
8941400-6	1996	All 12 alkaloids were assessed for activity at [3H]nicotine binding sites which are considered to represent alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
8831330-1	1996	Single channel recordings have shown that ketamine (Ket) decreases the open time of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (nAChR).	Ketamine	42-50	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
8831330-1	1996	Single channel recordings have shown that ketamine (Ket) decreases the open time of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel (nAChR).	Ketamine	52-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
8923487-3	1996	Acute exposure to SP inhibits carbamylcholine- or nicotine-stimulated function measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays of human ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (IC50 approximately 2.3 microM) or of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) nAChR expressed in TE671/RD clonal cells (IC50 approximately 21 microM).	Carbachol	30-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
8923487-3	1996	Acute exposure to SP inhibits carbamylcholine- or nicotine-stimulated function measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays of human ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (IC50 approximately 2.3 microM) or of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) nAChR expressed in TE671/RD clonal cells (IC50 approximately 21 microM).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-156
8923487-3	1996	Acute exposure to SP inhibits carbamylcholine- or nicotine-stimulated function measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays of human ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR expressed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells (IC50 approximately 2.3 microM) or of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) nAChR expressed in TE671/RD clonal cells (IC50 approximately 21 microM).	Nicotine	50-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
8738758-3	1996	In this study we use Northern blot analysis, double-label immunocytochemistry, and single cell RNA analysis using polymerase chain reaction to show that RA-treated P19 cells with neuronal-like morphology also express neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha 3, alpha 4, and beta 2.	Tretinoin	153-155	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	260-265
8752117-2	1996	The present study tests whether nAChR are potential targets for steroids.	Steroids	64-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
8752117-3	1996	Acute or short-term (5 min) preexposure to steroids such as progesterone (which acts most potently), estradiol, corticosterone, or dexamethasone inhibits function of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) or ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays in TE671/RD clonal or SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Steroids	43-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-249
8752117-3	1996	Acute or short-term (5 min) preexposure to steroids such as progesterone (which acts most potently), estradiol, corticosterone, or dexamethasone inhibits function of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) or ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays in TE671/RD clonal or SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Progesterone	60-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-249
8752117-3	1996	Acute or short-term (5 min) preexposure to steroids such as progesterone (which acts most potently), estradiol, corticosterone, or dexamethasone inhibits function of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) or ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays in TE671/RD clonal or SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Estradiol	101-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-249
8752117-3	1996	Acute or short-term (5 min) preexposure to steroids such as progesterone (which acts most potently), estradiol, corticosterone, or dexamethasone inhibits function of human muscle-type (alpha 1 beta 1 gamma delta) or ganglionic (alpha 3 beta 4) nAChR measured using 86Rb+ efflux assays in TE671/RD clonal or SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Dexamethasone	131-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	244-249
8752117-4	1996	Absolute (high nanomolar to intermediate micromolar range) and rank-order potencies for steroid-mediated functional inhibition are similar across nAChR subtypes but differ for some steroid derivatives.	Steroids	88-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	146-151
8752117-6	1996	Steroid-mediated blockade of nAChR function is insurmountable by increasing agonist concentrations, and cell-impermeant progesterone:bovine serum albumin conjugates have full potency as inhibitors of ganglionic or muscle-type nAChR function.	Steroids	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
8752117-6	1996	Steroid-mediated blockade of nAChR function is insurmountable by increasing agonist concentrations, and cell-impermeant progesterone:bovine serum albumin conjugates have full potency as inhibitors of ganglionic or muscle-type nAChR function.	Steroids	0-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	226-231
8752117-6	1996	Steroid-mediated blockade of nAChR function is insurmountable by increasing agonist concentrations, and cell-impermeant progesterone:bovine serum albumin conjugates have full potency as inhibitors of ganglionic or muscle-type nAChR function.	Progesterone	120-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	226-231
8752117-7	1996	Chronic (48 h) exposure to progesterone or estradiol, but not the other steroids, also produces blockade of nAChR function, without significant effects on numbers of nAChR radioligand-binding sites.	Progesterone	27-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
8752117-7	1996	Chronic (48 h) exposure to progesterone or estradiol, but not the other steroids, also produces blockade of nAChR function, without significant effects on numbers of nAChR radioligand-binding sites.	Estradiol	43-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	108-113
8752117-8	1996	Collectively, these results suggest that steroids act noncompetitively at extracellular sites to inhibit nAChR function with unique potencies for different steroid-nAChR subtype combinations.	Steroids	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
8752117-8	1996	Collectively, these results suggest that steroids act noncompetitively at extracellular sites to inhibit nAChR function with unique potencies for different steroid-nAChR subtype combinations.	Steroids	41-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
8752117-8	1996	Collectively, these results suggest that steroids act noncompetitively at extracellular sites to inhibit nAChR function with unique potencies for different steroid-nAChR subtype combinations.	Steroids	41-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
8752117-8	1996	Collectively, these results suggest that steroids act noncompetitively at extracellular sites to inhibit nAChR function with unique potencies for different steroid-nAChR subtype combinations.	Steroids	41-48	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
8752117-9	1996	Thus, nAChR could be among the targets mediating physiologically relevant effects of steroid action in the nervous system.	Steroids	85-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
8738758-4	1996	Greater than 80% of RA-treated P19 cells with a neuronal-like phenotype express nAChR alpha 4 subunit transcripts and both alpha 4 and beta 2 protein.	Tretinoin	20-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	80-85
8738758-7	1996	The appearance of nAChR subunits also coincides with RA-induced expression of high affinity [3H]-nicotine binding receptors.	Tretinoin	53-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
8738758-7	1996	The appearance of nAChR subunits also coincides with RA-induced expression of high affinity [3H]-nicotine binding receptors.	Tritium	93-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	18-23
8887981-9	1996	Thus, A-85380 displays a profile of robust activation of a number of nAChR subtypes with substantially less affinity for [125I] alpha-BgT sites than [3H](-)-cytisine sites, suggesting that it may serve as a more selective pharmacologic probe for the alpha 4 beta 2 subtype relative to the alpha 7 and alpha 1 beta 1 delta g nAChRs than (+/-)-epibatidine.	Tritium	150-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
8789148-1	1996	We report here the preparative scale isolation of the four subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) applying short inverse pore gradient SDS gels on an elution-PAGE apparatus.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	153-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-107
8610122-1	1996	To determine inhalational anesthetic binding domains on a ligand-gated ion channel, I used halothane direct photoaffinity labeling of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in native Torpedo membranes.	Halothane	91-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-170
8610122-1	1996	To determine inhalational anesthetic binding domains on a ligand-gated ion channel, I used halothane direct photoaffinity labeling of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in native Torpedo membranes.	Halothane	91-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
8610122-2	1996	[14C]Halothane photoaffinity labeling of both the native Torpedo membranes and the isolated nAChR was saturable, with Kd values within the clinically relevant range.	Carbon-14	1-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
8610122-2	1996	[14C]Halothane photoaffinity labeling of both the native Torpedo membranes and the isolated nAChR was saturable, with Kd values within the clinically relevant range.	Halothane	5-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	92-97
8610122-5	1996	Within the alpha-subunit, greater than 90% of label was found in the endoprotease Glu-C digestion fragments which contain the four transmembrane regions, and the pattern was different from that reported for photoactivatable phospholipid binding to the nAChR.	Phospholipids	224-236	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	252-257
8610122-6	1996	Unlabeled halothane reduced labeling more than did isoflurane, suggesting differences in the binding domains for inhalational anesthetics in the nAChR.	Halothane	10-19	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
8610122-6	1996	Unlabeled halothane reduced labeling more than did isoflurane, suggesting differences in the binding domains for inhalational anesthetics in the nAChR.	Isoflurane	51-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
8610122-7	1996	These data suggest multiple similar binding domains for halothane in the transmembrane region of the nAChR.	Halothane	56-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	101-106
8789148-1	1996	We report here the preparative scale isolation of the four subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) applying short inverse pore gradient SDS gels on an elution-PAGE apparatus.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	153-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-85
8558445-12	1996	These results demonstrate that stable expression of the human alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subunit combination can give rise to functional ion channels that bind [3H](-)-cytisine with high affinity, exhibit homologous regulation and evoke agonist-induced cation flux with pharmacological properties consistent with native neuronal alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	Tritium	155-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	87-92
8558445-12	1996	These results demonstrate that stable expression of the human alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subunit combination can give rise to functional ion channels that bind [3H](-)-cytisine with high affinity, exhibit homologous regulation and evoke agonist-induced cation flux with pharmacological properties consistent with native neuronal alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	Tritium	155-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	338-343
8558445-1	1996	(-)-Nicotine, the prototypical agonist for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has been shown to bind with high affinity to the rodent and avian alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subtype.	Nicotine	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	175-180
8558445-12	1996	These results demonstrate that stable expression of the human alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subunit combination can give rise to functional ion channels that bind [3H](-)-cytisine with high affinity, exhibit homologous regulation and evoke agonist-induced cation flux with pharmacological properties consistent with native neuronal alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	cytisine	158-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
7578128-1	1995	FTIR spectra have been recorded both as a function of time and after prolonged exposure to 2H2O buffer in order to study the structural changes that lead to both the ligand- and lipid-dependent channel-inactive states of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	2h2o	91-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	225-257
8558445-12	1996	These results demonstrate that stable expression of the human alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR subunit combination can give rise to functional ion channels that bind [3H](-)-cytisine with high affinity, exhibit homologous regulation and evoke agonist-induced cation flux with pharmacological properties consistent with native neuronal alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR.	cytisine	158-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	338-343
8788942-15	1995	The rate of myoblast fusion was increased by carbachol, an effect antagonized by alpha-bungarotoxin, curare and decamethonium, but not by atropine, indicating that nAChR were involved.	Carbachol	45-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	164-169
8747166-1	1995	Subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) were characterized in human temporal cortex and in a alpha 4 beta 2 nAChR-transfected M10 cell line using the nicotinic agonists epibatidine, ABT 418 and (-)nicotine in competition studies with [3H]nicotine and [3H]cytisine.	Acetylcholine	22-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	47-52
7493938-0	1995	Fourier transform infrared and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reveal an exchange-resistant core of alpha-helical peptide hydrogens in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Hydrogen	31-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-167
7493938-0	1995	Fourier transform infrared and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reveal an exchange-resistant core of alpha-helical peptide hydrogens in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Deuterium	40-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-167
7493938-0	1995	Fourier transform infrared and hydrogen/deuterium exchange reveal an exchange-resistant core of alpha-helical peptide hydrogens in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Hydrogen	118-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-167
7493938-1	1995	The structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied using a novel combination of hydrogen/deuterium exchange and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	Hydrogen	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
7493938-1	1995	The structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied using a novel combination of hydrogen/deuterium exchange and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	Hydrogen	108-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
7493938-1	1995	The structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied using a novel combination of hydrogen/deuterium exchange and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	Deuterium	117-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-53
7493938-1	1995	The structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) has been studied using a novel combination of hydrogen/deuterium exchange and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.	Deuterium	117-126	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
7493938-2	1995	Fourier transform infrared spectra show marked changes in both the amide I and amide II bands upon exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	Amides	67-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
7493938-2	1995	Fourier transform infrared spectra show marked changes in both the amide I and amide II bands upon exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	Amides	79-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
7493938-2	1995	Fourier transform infrared spectra show marked changes in both the amide I and amide II bands upon exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O.	2h2o	124-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	115-120
7493938-4	1995	The 30% of peptide hydrogens that exchange within seconds is highly exposed to solvent and likely involved in random and turn conformations, whereas the 25% of exchange-resistant peptide hydrogens is relatively inaccessible to solvent and likely located in the transmembrane domains of the nAChR.	Hydrogen	187-196	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	290-295
7493938-5	1995	Marked changes occur in the amide I contour within seconds of exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O as a result of relatively large downshifts in the frequencies of amide I component bands assigned to turns and random structures.	Amides	28-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
7493938-5	1995	Marked changes occur in the amide I contour within seconds of exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O as a result of relatively large downshifts in the frequencies of amide I component bands assigned to turns and random structures.	2h2o	87-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
7493938-5	1995	Marked changes occur in the amide I contour within seconds of exposure of the nAChR to 2H2O as a result of relatively large downshifts in the frequencies of amide I component bands assigned to turns and random structures.	Amides	157-162	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
7493938-7	1995	It is demonstrated that the time courses and relative magnitudes of the amide I component band shifts can be used both as an aid in the assignment of component bands to specific secondary structures and as a probe of the exchange rates of different types of secondary structures in the nAChR.	Amides	72-77	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	286-291
8531111-0	1995	The "calcium antagonist" TMB-8 [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester] is a potent, non-competitive, functional antagonist at diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.	Calcium	5-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-185
8531111-0	1995	The "calcium antagonist" TMB-8 [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester] is a potent, non-competitive, functional antagonist at diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes.	tmb-8 [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester	25-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	153-185
8531111-2	1995	However, this study shows that TMB-8 acts as a noncompetitive, functional antagonist at diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes with potencies that exceed those for other reported effects of TMB-8, including inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	31-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-128
8531111-2	1995	However, this study shows that TMB-8 acts as a noncompetitive, functional antagonist at diverse nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes with potencies that exceed those for other reported effects of TMB-8, including inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	31-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	130-135
8531111-3	1995	TMB-8 is a potent inhibitor (IC50 approximately 400 nM) of agonist-stimulated ion flux mediated by functional human muscle nAChR or ganglionic alpha 3 beta 4-nAChR subtypes expressed by TE671/RD or SH-SY5Y cells.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
8531111-3	1995	TMB-8 is a potent inhibitor (IC50 approximately 400 nM) of agonist-stimulated ion flux mediated by functional human muscle nAChR or ganglionic alpha 3 beta 4-nAChR subtypes expressed by TE671/RD or SH-SY5Y cells.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	158-163
8531111-5	1995	TMB-8 is much less potent (IC50 approximately 30-200 microM) as an inhibitor of high-affinity 3H-labeled acetylcholine or 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding to human muscle nAChR, ganglionic alpha 3 beta 4-nAChR, or ganglionic alpha 7-nAChR subtypes.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-183
8531111-5	1995	TMB-8 is much less potent (IC50 approximately 30-200 microM) as an inhibitor of high-affinity 3H-labeled acetylcholine or 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding to human muscle nAChR, ganglionic alpha 3 beta 4-nAChR, or ganglionic alpha 7-nAChR subtypes.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	211-216
8531111-5	1995	TMB-8 is much less potent (IC50 approximately 30-200 microM) as an inhibitor of high-affinity 3H-labeled acetylcholine or 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding to human muscle nAChR, ganglionic alpha 3 beta 4-nAChR, or ganglionic alpha 7-nAChR subtypes.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	211-216
8531111-6	1995	Moreover, functional inhibition by TMB-8 of muscle-type nAChR is due to a reduction in agonist efficacy, but not potency, and is proportionately stronger with increasing agonist concentration, thereby suggesting that TMB-8 acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	35-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
8531111-6	1995	Moreover, functional inhibition by TMB-8 of muscle-type nAChR is due to a reduction in agonist efficacy, but not potency, and is proportionately stronger with increasing agonist concentration, thereby suggesting that TMB-8 acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	217-222	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-61
8531111-8	1995	Studies with TMB-8 or BAPTA [1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N",N"-tetraacetic acid] analogues indicate that the amino group of TMB-8 is essential and that Ca2+ chelation is not required for inhibition of nAChR function.	8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate	130-135	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	207-212
7578128-0	1995	Structure of both the ligand- and lipid-dependent channel-inactive states of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor probed by FTIR spectroscopy and hydrogen exchange.	Hydrogen	146-154	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-113
7578128-6	1995	However, in the absence of both cholesterol and anionic lipids, there is a slightly enhanced rate of exchange of alpha-helical peptide hydrogens for deuterium that occurs as a result of either an increase in nAChR dynamics or an increase in the accessibility of transmembrane peptide hydrogens to 2H2O.	Hydrogen	135-144	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
7578128-6	1995	However, in the absence of both cholesterol and anionic lipids, there is a slightly enhanced rate of exchange of alpha-helical peptide hydrogens for deuterium that occurs as a result of either an increase in nAChR dynamics or an increase in the accessibility of transmembrane peptide hydrogens to 2H2O.	Deuterium	149-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Aspartyl-Glutamine	133-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-2	1995	A 17-residue sequence that includes a cystine disulfide and an N-linked glycosylation site is conserved in the extracellular domain of each of the nAChR subunits, and is involved in intersubunit interactions that are critical for assembly of intact, pentameric complexes.	cystine disulfide	38-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
9383482-2	1995	A 17-residue sequence that includes a cystine disulfide and an N-linked glycosylation site is conserved in the extracellular domain of each of the nAChR subunits, and is involved in intersubunit interactions that are critical for assembly of intact, pentameric complexes.	Nitrogen	63-64	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	147-152
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Glutamine	137-140	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	ac-tyr-cys	86-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Glutamic Acid	97-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Asparagine	145-148	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Isoleucine	101-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Cysteine	93-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Isoleucine	105-108	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Threonine	153-156	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Valine	109-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Amido radical	157-160	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Threonine	113-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Histidine	117-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Tritium	41-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-202
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Phenylalanine	121-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Proline	125-128	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
9383482-3	1995	A polypeptide representing the relevant sequence from the alpha-subunit of the nAChR (Ac-Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val-Thr-His-Phe-Pro-Phe-Asp-Gln-Gln Asn-Cys-Thr-NH2) is small enough to allow detailed structural analysis, which may provide insight into the role of glycosylation in the maturation process that leads to ion-channel assembly.	Phenylalanine	129-132	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Tritium	41-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	45-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-202
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	45-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-202
7473192-1	1995	There is a consensus that high-affinity [3H]-L-nicotine binding sites in the mammalian brain, which are thought to represent a predominant form of central nervous system nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) composed of alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits, are increased in number after chronic nicotine exposure.	Nicotine	47-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	204-209
7637783-1	1995	In nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), as well as glycine, GABAA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), serotonin (5-HT3), and GluCl glutamate receptors, a leucine residue at the approximate midpoint of the M2 transmembrane domain (the 9" position) is conserved across most known subunits.	Leucine	151-158	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	3-36
7756343-1	1995	Previous studies have shown that the pattern and degree of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) photoincorporation into the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can be used as a sensitive measure of nAChR conformation.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodophenyl)diazirine	59-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	151-183
7566493-1	1995	Responses of the human alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in Xenopus laevis oocytes were quantified using two-electrode voltage clamp in the presence of barium (10 mM) to block secondary activation of Ca(2+)-dependent chloride currents.	Barium	167-173	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	65-70
7566493-6	1995	Reversible blockade by methyllycaconitine (10 nM) corroborated the responses as due to activation of alpha 7 nAChR.	methyllycaconitine	23-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
8567173-6	1995	Moreover, modification of the Glu-21 carboxyl group of cobrotoxin further reduced the nAChR binding activity, while the antigenicity remained unchange.	Glutamic Acid	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
8567173-7	1995	Thus, our results conclude that the Glu-21 residue and the common interaction of the terminal Leu-1 alpha-amino group and the Asp-58 carboxyl group are related to the nAChR-binding activity of cobrotoxin, and the free carboxyl groups in cobrotoxin are conformation-essential.	Glutamic Acid	36-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
8567173-7	1995	Thus, our results conclude that the Glu-21 residue and the common interaction of the terminal Leu-1 alpha-amino group and the Asp-58 carboxyl group are related to the nAChR-binding activity of cobrotoxin, and the free carboxyl groups in cobrotoxin are conformation-essential.	Aspartic Acid	126-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	167-172
7490259-0	1995	Determination of soluble nAChR-binding activity of alpha-neurotoxins by an innovative precipitation with DEAE-Sephacel.	deae-sephacel	105-118	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	25-30
7756343-1	1995	Previous studies have shown that the pattern and degree of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) photoincorporation into the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can be used as a sensitive measure of nAChR conformation.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodophenyl)diazirine	59-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
7756343-1	1995	Previous studies have shown that the pattern and degree of 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([125I]TID) photoincorporation into the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) can be used as a sensitive measure of nAChR conformation.	3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125i]iodophenyl)diazirine	59-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	230-235
7756343-4	1995	Unlike all other compounds previously tested, alpha-bungarotoxin and alpha-cobrotoxin reproducibly increased the level of [125I]TID incorporation into all four subunits of nAChR reconstituted into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidic acid and cholesterol.	alpha-cobrotoxin	69-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
7756343-4	1995	Unlike all other compounds previously tested, alpha-bungarotoxin and alpha-cobrotoxin reproducibly increased the level of [125I]TID incorporation into all four subunits of nAChR reconstituted into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, dioleoylphosphatidic acid and cholesterol.	1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine	197-224	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
7541791-4	1995	These findings suggest that Lys-27, Lys-47, and Arg-28 residues may be related to the direct binding to nAChR, and that there is no involvement of Lys-27 in the antigenic determinants of cobrotoxin.	Lysine	28-31	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
7541791-4	1995	These findings suggest that Lys-27, Lys-47, and Arg-28 residues may be related to the direct binding to nAChR, and that there is no involvement of Lys-27 in the antigenic determinants of cobrotoxin.	Arginine	48-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	104-109
7541791-5	1995	Extending the modification to Arg-30, Arg-33, and Arg-36 caused progressive conformational changes of cobrotoxin and resulted in decreased binding activity to antibody and nAChR.	Arginine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
7541791-5	1995	Extending the modification to Arg-30, Arg-33, and Arg-36 caused progressive conformational changes of cobrotoxin and resulted in decreased binding activity to antibody and nAChR.	Arginine	38-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
7541791-5	1995	Extending the modification to Arg-30, Arg-33, and Arg-36 caused progressive conformational changes of cobrotoxin and resulted in decreased binding activity to antibody and nAChR.	Arginine	38-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	172-177
7961707-4	1994	We have shown previously that ionophore-induced calcium influx across the plasma membrane preferentially decreases expression from the adult-type specific nAChR epsilon-subunit gene (Walke, W., Staple, J., Adams, L., Gnegy, M., Chahine, K., and Goldman, D. (1994) J. Biol.	Calcium	48-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	155-160
9383400-6	1995	RESULTS: A radiolabeled PhTX analog, containing a photolabile group substituted on one of its aromatic rings, photocrosslinked to all five subunits (alpha, alpha 1, beta, gamma, delta) of purified nAChR in the absence of the 43 kDa protein.	phtx	24-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
7480004-3	1995	(+/-)-Epibatidine, GTS-21 and ABT-418 differentially interact with nAChR subtypes to elicit a diversity of behavioral effects including analgesia, neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.	epibatidine	0-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
7480004-3	1995	(+/-)-Epibatidine, GTS-21 and ABT-418 differentially interact with nAChR subtypes to elicit a diversity of behavioral effects including analgesia, neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
7696505-6	1995	Changing the [Ca2+]0 from 1 to 10 mM, the VRs of the nAChR and NMDA currents were shifted by +5.6 +/- 0.4 and +8.3 +/- 0.4 mV, respectively, and the nAChR current decay was accelerated.	N-Methylaspartate	63-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
7696505-6	1995	Changing the [Ca2+]0 from 1 to 10 mM, the VRs of the nAChR and NMDA currents were shifted by +5.6 +/- 0.4 and +8.3 +/- 0.4 mV, respectively, and the nAChR current decay was accelerated.	N-Methylaspartate	63-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
7957916-3	1994	Electrophysiological studies reveal that these alpha 7-nAChR function as alpha-bungarotoxin (Bgt)-sensitive, quickly activating/inactivating ion channels with a unique pharmacological profile and an unusually high permeability to calcium ions.	Calcium	230-237	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
9216991-3	1994	Here we report a single point mutation converting a serine codon to a stop codon in the exon 5 of CHRNA4, in one BFNC family.	Serine	52-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-104
7984036-5	1994	Using autopsy samples of the human precentral cortex (Area 4) as a paradigm we have applied digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes to localize transcripts for the alpha 3- and alpha 4-1-subunits of the nAChR.	Digoxigenin	92-103	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	195-200
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	0-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
7963258-13	1994	We suggest that inhibition of ACh-current by long-chain MACs is accounted for by (i) a long-lasting, apparently irreversible, binding of the drug near the channel of nAChR via its long aliphatic chain and (ii) a slow reversible block of the nAChR channel with the MAC"s ammonium head.	Acetylcholine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
7963258-13	1994	We suggest that inhibition of ACh-current by long-chain MACs is accounted for by (i) a long-lasting, apparently irreversible, binding of the drug near the channel of nAChR via its long aliphatic chain and (ii) a slow reversible block of the nAChR channel with the MAC"s ammonium head.	Acetylcholine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	241-246
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	0-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole	51-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Isoxazoles	40-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Isoxazoles	40-49	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	160-192
7913497-2	1994	(S)-3-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)isoxazole (ABT 418), an isoxazole analog of (-)-nicotine, is a potent agonist at the alpha-4/beta-2 subtype of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) that exists in mammalian brain (Arneric et al., 1994).	Nicotine	88-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7913497-3	1994	Compared to (-)-nicotine, ABT 418 has reduced potency to interact with the subunit isoforms of nAChR found in sympathetic ganglia, and it does not compete for alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in brain or at the neuromuscular junction.	2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid	26-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
7516704-1	1994	The secondary structure and effects of two ligands, carbamylcholine and tetracaine, on the secondary structure of affinity-purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).	Carbachol	52-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
8011898-3	1994	Therefore, given the dimensions of the extracellular domain of the receptor, the ACh binding sites are located significantly below (approximately 25 A) the extracellular apex of the nAChR.	Acetylcholine	81-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
7516704-1	1994	The secondary structure and effects of two ligands, carbamylcholine and tetracaine, on the secondary structure of affinity-purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).	Carbachol	52-67	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
7516704-1	1994	The secondary structure and effects of two ligands, carbamylcholine and tetracaine, on the secondary structure of affinity-purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).	Tetracaine	72-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-164
7516704-1	1994	The secondary structure and effects of two ligands, carbamylcholine and tetracaine, on the secondary structure of affinity-purified nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) from Torpedo has been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).	Tetracaine	72-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	166-171
7516704-2	1994	FTIR spectra of the nAChR were acquired in both 1H2O and 2H2O buffer and exhibit spectral features indicative of a substantial alpha-helical content with lesser amounts of beta-sheet and random coil structures.	1h2o	48-52	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
7516704-2	1994	FTIR spectra of the nAChR were acquired in both 1H2O and 2H2O buffer and exhibit spectral features indicative of a substantial alpha-helical content with lesser amounts of beta-sheet and random coil structures.	2h2o	57-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	20-25
8038129-2	1994	The beta 4 nAChR subunit was detected in both transverse and horizontal sections of the retina using a subunit-specific antiserum and the avidin-biotin complex technique.	avidin-biotin	138-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
8038129-9	1994	In situ hybridization with a 35S-labeled cRNA probe revealed the expression of mRNA coding for the nAChR beta 4 subunit in the ganglion cell layer and the inner third of the inner nuclear layer.	Sulfur-35	29-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	99-104
7950973-3	1994	We have studied the distribution of nAchR in human brain, particularly in the hippocampus and thalamus, by binding of 3H-nicotine and 3H-cytisine and by in situ hybridization with human alpha 3 and beta 2 nAchR subunits of mRNA.	3h-nicotine	118-129	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
7950973-3	1994	We have studied the distribution of nAchR in human brain, particularly in the hippocampus and thalamus, by binding of 3H-nicotine and 3H-cytisine and by in situ hybridization with human alpha 3 and beta 2 nAchR subunits of mRNA.	3h-cytisine	134-145	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	36-41
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	248-281
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nicotine	30-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nitrosamines	68-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	248-281
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Nitrosamines	68-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	81-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	248-281
7715858-3	1994	We have previously shown that nicotine and the structurally related nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), stimulate the proliferation of neuroendocrine cell lines derived from lung carcinoid tumors via interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone	81-127	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	283-288
8360687-2	1993	Here we show that cytochalasin treatment, which causes disruption of actin networks, induces marked changes in the numbers and distribution of nAChR, but not mAChR.	Cytochalasins	18-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	143-148
8241115-4	1993	Previous studies involving covalent modification of the native nAChR from Torpedo membranes with a variety of affinity reagents indicate that several residues contained within the dodecapeptide sequence (namely, Tyr-190, Cys-192, and Cys-193) apparently contribute directly to the formation of the cholinergic ligand binding site.	Tyrosine	212-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
8241115-4	1993	Previous studies involving covalent modification of the native nAChR from Torpedo membranes with a variety of affinity reagents indicate that several residues contained within the dodecapeptide sequence (namely, Tyr-190, Cys-192, and Cys-193) apparently contribute directly to the formation of the cholinergic ligand binding site.	Cysteine	234-237	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
8360687-4	1993	Treatment of TE671/RD cells with different cytochalasin analogues (rank order efficacy at 5 micrograms/ml is H > J = B = C = D > A = E) produces a two- to fourfold increase in numbers of membrane-bound nAChR (Bmax in units of specific 125I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin binding per milligram of membrane protein).	Cytochalasins	43-55	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
8360687-5	1993	nAChR up-regulation is evident after 1-2 days of cytochalasin B exposure, is maximal after 3-6 days of drug treatment, and is dominated by an approximately 10-fold increase (per cell) in an intracellular nAChR pool.	Cytochalasin B	49-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
8360687-6	1993	Cytochalasin-induced nAChR up-regulation is similar in magnitude to, but not additive with, up-regulation of nAChR following chronic exposure to nicotine or phorbol ester.	Cytochalasins	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
8360687-6	1993	Cytochalasin-induced nAChR up-regulation is similar in magnitude to, but not additive with, up-regulation of nAChR following chronic exposure to nicotine or phorbol ester.	Cytochalasins	0-12	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	109-114
8360687-6	1993	Cytochalasin-induced nAChR up-regulation is similar in magnitude to, but not additive with, up-regulation of nAChR following chronic exposure to nicotine or phorbol ester.	Nicotine	145-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
8360687-6	1993	Cytochalasin-induced nAChR up-regulation is similar in magnitude to, but not additive with, up-regulation of nAChR following chronic exposure to nicotine or phorbol ester.	Phorbol Esters	157-170	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
8360687-10	1993	These studies suggest that presumed modulation by cytochalasin treatment of cytoskeletal microfilament integrity can differentially influence expression and function of mAChR (a prototype of the metabotropic receptor superfamily) and nAChR (a prototype of the ligand-gated ion-channel superfamily).	Cytochalasins	50-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	234-239
8516349-1	1993	Vinblastine has been demonstrated to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in adrenal chromaffin cells and superior cervical ganglia and to alter agonist binding affinity to nAChR of the electric organ of Torpedo californica.	Vinblastine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	194-199
7693004-5	1993	This is consistent with studies of the blocking properties of alcohols at the nAChR channel.	Alcohols	62-70	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
8516349-1	1993	Vinblastine has been demonstrated to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in adrenal chromaffin cells and superior cervical ganglia and to alter agonist binding affinity to nAChR of the electric organ of Torpedo californica.	chromaffin	106-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
8516349-1	1993	Vinblastine has been demonstrated to inhibit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) activity in adrenal chromaffin cells and superior cervical ganglia and to alter agonist binding affinity to nAChR of the electric organ of Torpedo californica.	Vinblastine	0-11	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
8516349-2	1993	In cultured chromaffin cells, vinblastine (IC50, 8.9 microM) is significantly more potent than hexamethonium (IC50, 16 microM) and decamethonium (IC50, 18 microM) and significantly less potent than d-tubocurarine (IC50, 2 microM), pentolinium (IC50, 0.6 microM), and mecamylamine (IC50, 0.1 microM) in inhibiting nAChR-stimulated catecholamine release.	Vinblastine	30-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	313-318
8516349-3	1993	These results demonstrate that vinblastine has moderately potent anti-nAChR activity on adrenal nAChR.	Vinblastine	31-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	70-75
8516349-3	1993	These results demonstrate that vinblastine has moderately potent anti-nAChR activity on adrenal nAChR.	Vinblastine	31-42	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	96-101
8516349-8	1993	The results suggest that vinblastine"s antinicotinic actions are selective for neuronal-type nAChR and do not extend to nAChR of mammalian skeletal muscle.	Vinblastine	25-36	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
8474012-7	1993	These results are consistent with expression by IMR-32 cells of functional ganglia-type nAChR that correlate with high affinity [3H]ACh binding sites as well as expression of a distinct class of neuronal/nicotinic alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites that have a ganglia-type pharmacology.	Tritium	129-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
20732210-2	1993	Neuronal nAChR are highly sensitive to inorganic lead (Pb(2+)).	Lead	55-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	9-14
20732210-5	1993	Surprisingly, between 10 mum and 100 mum Pb(2+) the blocking effect on the nAChR is reversed, and the kinetics of the ACh-induced inward current are delayed.	Lead	41-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	75-80
20732210-6	1993	Nitromethylene heterocyclic (NMH) compound constitute a new class of selective insecticides, that presumably affect insect nAChR.	nitromethylene heterocyclic	0-27	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
20732210-6	1993	Nitromethylene heterocyclic (NMH) compound constitute a new class of selective insecticides, that presumably affect insect nAChR.	Methylnitrosourea	29-32	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	123-128
20732210-7	1993	The effect of the NMH compound 1-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidine (PMNI) on the different subtypes of nAChR has been analysed.	Methylnitrosourea	18-21	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
20732210-7	1993	The effect of the NMH compound 1-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidine (PMNI) on the different subtypes of nAChR has been analysed.	1-(5-pyridylmethyl)-2-(nitromethylene)imidazolidine	31-85	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
20732210-7	1993	The effect of the NMH compound 1-(pyridin-3-yl-methyl)-2-nitromethylene-imidazolidine (PMNI) on the different subtypes of nAChR has been analysed.	Benanomicinone AGL	87-91	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
8474012-6	1993	Functional nAChR ion channels of the ganglia-type are expressed by IMR-32 cells, as assessed by the abilities of nicotinic agonists to stimulate 86Rb+ efflux, the relatively higher sensitivity of those responses to blockade by mecamylamine than by d-tubocurarine, and the inability of alpha-bungarotoxin to antagonize nAChR function.	Rubidium-86	145-150	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
8474012-6	1993	Functional nAChR ion channels of the ganglia-type are expressed by IMR-32 cells, as assessed by the abilities of nicotinic agonists to stimulate 86Rb+ efflux, the relatively higher sensitivity of those responses to blockade by mecamylamine than by d-tubocurarine, and the inability of alpha-bungarotoxin to antagonize nAChR function.	Mecamylamine	227-239	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
8474012-6	1993	Functional nAChR ion channels of the ganglia-type are expressed by IMR-32 cells, as assessed by the abilities of nicotinic agonists to stimulate 86Rb+ efflux, the relatively higher sensitivity of those responses to blockade by mecamylamine than by d-tubocurarine, and the inability of alpha-bungarotoxin to antagonize nAChR function.	Tubocurarine	248-262	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
1397309-4	1992	The cyclic nucleotide-gated channels may be activated by a similar mechanism, but the opening of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channels is likely to be initiated by the formation of tyrosine radicals.	tyrosine radical	193-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
8510190-9	1993	The duration of nAChR desensitization may also be useful in explaining individual variability to nicotine"s behavioral effects and may be related to the induction of acute and/or chronic tolerance in both animals and man.	Nicotine	97-105	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
1397309-4	1992	The cyclic nucleotide-gated channels may be activated by a similar mechanism, but the opening of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channels is likely to be initiated by the formation of tyrosine radicals.	tyrosine radical	193-210	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
1384491-2	1992	Although the binding activity of cobrotoxin to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was decreased after modification of Trp-29, the antigenicity remained essentially unchanged as measured by a competitive RIA.	Tryptophan	128-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	51-83
1505686-2	1992	The binding and interaction of carbamoylcholine with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated using photolytically released carbamoylcholine ("caged" carbamoylcholine).	Carbachol	31-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-89
1505686-2	1992	The binding and interaction of carbamoylcholine with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated using photolytically released carbamoylcholine ("caged" carbamoylcholine).	Carbachol	137-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-89
1505686-2	1992	The binding and interaction of carbamoylcholine with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor was investigated using photolytically released carbamoylcholine ("caged" carbamoylcholine).	Carbachol	137-153	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-89
1465217-2	1992	Acetylcholine, nicotine and the neuronal nAChR agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), but not muscarine, all evoked inward currents in the cells (voltage-clamped at -60 mV).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	55-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
1465217-2	1992	Acetylcholine, nicotine and the neuronal nAChR agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), but not muscarine, all evoked inward currents in the cells (voltage-clamped at -60 mV).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	90-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	41-46
1465217-3	1992	DMPP"s actions were concentration- and voltage-dependent, and were antagonised by the neuronal nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1-3 microM).	Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide	0-4	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
1465217-3	1992	DMPP"s actions were concentration- and voltage-dependent, and were antagonised by the neuronal nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1-3 microM).	Mecamylamine	112-124	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-100
1465217-7	1992	These findings clearly identify nAChRs in SH-SY5Y cells, and provide two possible mechanisms by which receptor activation may lead to noradrenaline release, namely by triggering Ca2+ influx through the nAChR itself or by opening voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.	Norepinephrine	134-147	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
1384491-2	1992	Although the binding activity of cobrotoxin to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) was decreased after modification of Trp-29, the antigenicity remained essentially unchanged as measured by a competitive RIA.	Tryptophan	128-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
1384491-3	1992	Tyr-35-nitrated cobrotoxin still retained relatively high antigenicity and potent binding activity to nAChR.	Tyrosine	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	102-107
1592722-8	1992	The plasma dTC concentration required for steady-state twitch inhibition was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the experimental group (0.83 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml) as were the extrajunctional nAChR (19.76 +/- 1.77 vs. 13.37 +/- 1.82 fmol/mg protein).	Tubocurarine	11-14	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	219-224
1517779-1	1992	Anatoxin-a (AnTX) is a highly potent agonist acting at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and represents a valuable tool in the study of this receptor.	anatoxin a	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-91
1517779-1	1992	Anatoxin-a (AnTX) is a highly potent agonist acting at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and represents a valuable tool in the study of this receptor.	anatoxin a	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
1517779-1	1992	Anatoxin-a (AnTX) is a highly potent agonist acting at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and represents a valuable tool in the study of this receptor.	anatoxin a	12-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-91
1517779-1	1992	Anatoxin-a (AnTX) is a highly potent agonist acting at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and represents a valuable tool in the study of this receptor.	anatoxin a	12-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	93-98
1581507-7	1992	Fourier transform infrared difference spectra calculated from spectra recorded in the presence and absence of carbamylcholine show small, reproducible bands which reflect changes in nAChR structure upon desensitization.	Carbachol	110-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
1592722-10	1992	This study confirms that chronic doses of dTC cause tolerance to its effects and proliferation of nAChR even in the absence of immobilization.	Tubocurarine	42-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
2002334-2	1991	Chronic (3-72-h) agonist (nicotine or carbamylcholine) treatment of cells led to a complete (TE671) or nearly complete (PC12) loss of functional nAChR responses, which is referred to as "functional inactivation."	Nicotine	26-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
1740234-1	1992	Acetylcholine signals through two types of unrelated membrane receptors referred to as nicotinic (nAChR) and muscarinic (mAChR) acetylcholine receptors.	Acetylcholine	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	98-103
1385107-2	1992	A "4-8-12" sequence motif, comprising serine (S) or threonine (T) residues at positions 4, 8 and 12 of M2, is conserved between different members, anion and cation selective, of the nAChR superfamily.	Serine	38-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
1385107-2	1992	A "4-8-12" sequence motif, comprising serine (S) or threonine (T) residues at positions 4, 8 and 12 of M2, is conserved between different members, anion and cation selective, of the nAChR superfamily.	Threonine	52-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	182-187
1651933-1	1991	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is phosphorylated to a high stoichiometry on tyrosine residues both in vitro and in vivo.	Tyrosine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	4-36
1651933-1	1991	The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is phosphorylated to a high stoichiometry on tyrosine residues both in vitro and in vivo.	Tyrosine	90-98	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
1651933-3	1991	We report here the purification and characterization of a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylated nAChR from Torpedo electroplax, a tissue highly enriched in the nAChR.	Tyrosine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
1651933-3	1991	We report here the purification and characterization of a protein tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates tyrosine-phosphorylated nAChR from Torpedo electroplax, a tissue highly enriched in the nAChR.	Tyrosine	66-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	197-202
1651933-4	1991	The 32P-labeled tyrosine phosphorylated nAChR was used as a substrate to monitor the enzyme activity during purification.	Phosphorus-32	4-7	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
1651933-4	1991	The 32P-labeled tyrosine phosphorylated nAChR was used as a substrate to monitor the enzyme activity during purification.	Tyrosine	16-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
1651933-8	1991	It had a neutral pH optimum and a specific activity of 18 mumol/mg of protein/min, with a Km of 4.7 microM for tyrosine-phosphorylated nAChR.	Tyrosine	111-119	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	135-140
1651933-9	1991	The phosphatase was specific for tyrosine phosphorylated nAChR; it showed no activity towards the nAChR phosphorylated on serine residues by cAMP-dependent protein kinase.	Tyrosine	33-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	57-62
2002334-2	1991	Chronic (3-72-h) agonist (nicotine or carbamylcholine) treatment of cells led to a complete (TE671) or nearly complete (PC12) loss of functional nAChR responses, which is referred to as "functional inactivation."	Carbachol	38-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
2002334-3	1991	Some inactivation of nAChR function was also observed for the nicotinic ligands d-tubocurarine (d-TC), mecamylamine, and decamethonium.	Tubocurarine	80-94	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
2002334-3	1991	Some inactivation of nAChR function was also observed for the nicotinic ligands d-tubocurarine (d-TC), mecamylamine, and decamethonium.	Tubocurarine	96-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
2002334-3	1991	Some inactivation of nAChR function was also observed for the nicotinic ligands d-tubocurarine (d-TC), mecamylamine, and decamethonium.	Mecamylamine	103-115	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
2002334-3	1991	Some inactivation of nAChR function was also observed for the nicotinic ligands d-tubocurarine (d-TC), mecamylamine, and decamethonium.	decamethonium	121-134	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	21-26
2002334-8	1991	Recovery of TE671 cell nAChR function following treatment with carbamylcholine, nicotine, or d-TC occurred with half-times of 1-3 days whether cells were maintained in situ or harvested and replated after removal of ligand.	Carbachol	63-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
2002334-8	1991	Recovery of TE671 cell nAChR function following treatment with carbamylcholine, nicotine, or d-TC occurred with half-times of 1-3 days whether cells were maintained in situ or harvested and replated after removal of ligand.	Nicotine	80-88	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
2002334-8	1991	Recovery of TE671 cell nAChR function following treatment with carbamylcholine, nicotine, or d-TC occurred with half-times of 1-3 days whether cells were maintained in situ or harvested and replated after removal of ligand.	Tubocurarine	93-97	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
1910671-1	1991	The pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) optical biosensor was investigated using three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged neurotoxic peptides that vary in the reversibility of their receptor inhibition: alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), alpha-Naja toxin (alpha-NT), and alpha-conotoxin (GI) (alpha-CNTX).	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	125-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
1715611-4	1991	Although there is a slight inhibition of the closed nAChR, the main action of MK-801 is to enter and block the open channel.	Dizocilpine Maleate	78-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	52-57
2049167-5	1991	Stored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or in a dry nitrogen atmosphere, the nAChR optical sensor showed no loss of activity over the first 3 days, then showed a slow but gradual loss in activity (45% over the next 30 days).	Phosphate-Buffered Saline	10-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
19912783-0	1991	Differential regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression by human TE671/RD cells following second messenger modulation and sodium butyrate treatments.	Butyric Acid	137-152	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-59
19912783-1	1991	Effects of second messenger system modulation and sodium butyrate (NaBu) treatment on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression by cells of the TE671/RD human clone were established.	Butyric Acid	50-65	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-118
19912783-1	1991	Effects of second messenger system modulation and sodium butyrate (NaBu) treatment on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression by cells of the TE671/RD human clone were established.	sethoxydim	67-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	86-118
19912783-2	1991	Treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate (dbcAMP) or other substances that increase cellular cAMP content induces a 70% loss of nAChR per unit of membrane protein as assessed by binding studies using (125)I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (I-Bgt).	Bucladesine	15-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
19912783-2	1991	Treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate (dbcAMP) or other substances that increase cellular cAMP content induces a 70% loss of nAChR per unit of membrane protein as assessed by binding studies using (125)I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (I-Bgt).	Bucladesine	63-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
19912783-2	1991	Treatment with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3":5"-monophosphate (dbcAMP) or other substances that increase cellular cAMP content induces a 70% loss of nAChR per unit of membrane protein as assessed by binding studies using (125)I-labeled alpha-bungarotoxin (I-Bgt).	Cyclic AMP	65-69	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	149-154
19912783-5	1991	Treatment with both PMA and dbcAMP induces a threefold increase in nAChR expression, whereas treatment with NaBu alone or with PMA induces an 80% decrease in I-Bgt binding site expression.	Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate	20-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
19912783-5	1991	Treatment with both PMA and dbcAMP induces a threefold increase in nAChR expression, whereas treatment with NaBu alone or with PMA induces an 80% decrease in I-Bgt binding site expression.	Bucladesine	28-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
19912783-7	1991	These data indicate involvement of both cAMP and C-kinase pathways in the regulation of nAChR expression in ways that are not simply additive, possibly due to cross-talk between second messenger pathways.	Cyclic AMP	40-44	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	88-93
1910671-1	1991	The pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) optical biosensor was investigated using three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged neurotoxic peptides that vary in the reversibility of their receptor inhibition: alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), alpha-Naja toxin (alpha-NT), and alpha-conotoxin (GI) (alpha-CNTX).	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	125-151	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-69
2049167-5	1991	Stored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or in a dry nitrogen atmosphere, the nAChR optical sensor showed no loss of activity over the first 3 days, then showed a slow but gradual loss in activity (45% over the next 30 days).	Nitrogen	54-62	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-84
1910671-1	1991	The pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) optical biosensor was investigated using three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged neurotoxic peptides that vary in the reversibility of their receptor inhibition: alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), alpha-Naja toxin (alpha-NT), and alpha-conotoxin (GI) (alpha-CNTX).	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	153-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-69
1910671-1	1991	The pharmacological specificity of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) optical biosensor was investigated using three fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged neurotoxic peptides that vary in the reversibility of their receptor inhibition: alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BGT), alpha-Naja toxin (alpha-NT), and alpha-conotoxin (GI) (alpha-CNTX).	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	153-157	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
1910671-2	1991	Kinetic analysis of the time course of binding of FITC-neurotoxins to the nAChR-coated fiber gave association rate constants (k+1) of 8.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT, 6.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-NT and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-CNTX.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	50-54	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
1910671-2	1991	Kinetic analysis of the time course of binding of FITC-neurotoxins to the nAChR-coated fiber gave association rate constants (k+1) of 8.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT, 6.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-NT and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-CNTX.	Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate	160-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
1910671-2	1991	Kinetic analysis of the time course of binding of FITC-neurotoxins to the nAChR-coated fiber gave association rate constants (k+1) of 8.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT, 6.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-NT and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-CNTX.	fitc-alpha-nt	202-215	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
1910671-2	1991	Kinetic analysis of the time course of binding of FITC-neurotoxins to the nAChR-coated fiber gave association rate constants (k+1) of 8.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-BGT, 6.0 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-NT and 1.4 x 10(6) M-1 min-1 for FITC-alpha-CNTX.	fitc-alpha-cntx	246-261	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
1910671-8	1991	The optical signal generated by FITC-alpha-NT binding to the nAChR-coated fiber was effectively quenched by agonists and antagonists of the nAChR but not by most of the tested agonists and antagonists of muscarinic cholinergic, adrenergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic receptors.	fitc-alpha-nt	32-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
1910671-8	1991	The optical signal generated by FITC-alpha-NT binding to the nAChR-coated fiber was effectively quenched by agonists and antagonists of the nAChR but not by most of the tested agonists and antagonists of muscarinic cholinergic, adrenergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic or GABAergic receptors.	fitc-alpha-nt	32-45	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
2099742-1	1990	Models for the acetylcholine (ACh)-binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are proposed.	Acetylcholine	15-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
1979446-0	1990	The role of tyrosine at the ligand-binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Tyrosine	12-20	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
1979446-5	1990	We have used intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopic analyses together with binding studies of selectively modified peptide fragments of the nAChR to suggest that one or two invariant tyrosine residues at positions 190 and 198 on the alpha-subunit provide the critical negative subsite required for ligand binding.	Tyrosine	181-189	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
2209600-8	1990	We have also shown that when the chick nAChR alpha-subunit is expressed in the absence of other receptor subunits, unexpectedly high concentrations of nicotine (10 mM) were required to displace bound alpha-bungarotoxin.	Nicotine	151-159	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	39-44
2099742-1	1990	Models for the acetylcholine (ACh)-binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are proposed.	Acetylcholine	15-28	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
2099742-1	1990	Models for the acetylcholine (ACh)-binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are proposed.	Acetylcholine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	55-87
2099742-1	1990	Models for the acetylcholine (ACh)-binding site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) are proposed.	Acetylcholine	30-33	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
33778899-10	2021	To provide a third line of evidence for neonicotinoid signaling via nAChR, we studied cross-desensitization: pretreatment of LUHMES and SH-SY5Y cells with active neonicotinoids (at 1-10 microM) blunted the signaling response of nicotine.	Neonicotinoids	40-53	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
34756924-2	2022	MG624 is a 4-oxystilbene derivative that is active on alpha7- and alpha9-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	triethyl-(beta-4-stilbenoxyethyl)ammonium	0-5	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
33809417-1	2021	Garcinol, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, has recently been established as an anti-inflammation agent.	garcinol	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
33809417-1	2021	Garcinol, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, has recently been established as an anti-inflammation agent.	Acetylcholine	22-35	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	46-51
28600847-2	2018	Here, we have examined the role of the fifth subunit in the ACh responses of the (alpha4beta2)2 beta2 nAChR type.	Acetylcholine	60-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	102-107
34916082-2	2022	The alpha7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) subtype is highly expressed throughout the hippocampus, has the highest calcium permeability compared with other subtypes of nAChRs, and is of high therapeutic interest due to its association with a variety of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.	Calcium	114-121	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
34756924-2	2022	MG624 is a 4-oxystilbene derivative that is active on alpha7- and alpha9-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	4-oxystilbene	11-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
34756924-2	2022	MG624 is a 4-oxystilbene derivative that is active on alpha7- and alpha9-containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes.	Acetylcholine	103-116	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	127-132
34946630-2	2021	Due to its well-known toxicity for humans, there is considerable interest in the development of synthetic analogues; in particular, conformationally restricted analogues of nicotine have emerged as promising drug molecules for selective nAChR-targeting ligands.	Nicotine	173-181	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	237-242
34969831-6	2022	To explore if the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used.	Gentian Violet	122-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
34969831-6	2022	To explore if the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used.	Gentian Violet	122-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
34969831-6	2022	To explore if the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used.	Gentian Violet	138-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
34969831-6	2022	To explore if the different analogs could affect the nAChR conformational state, the nAChR conformational-sensitive probe crystal violet (CrV) was used.	Gentian Violet	138-141	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
34939632-0	2022	Gas phase protonated nicotine is a mixture of pyridine- and pyrrolidine-protonated conformers: implications for its native structure in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
34939632-0	2022	Gas phase protonated nicotine is a mixture of pyridine- and pyrrolidine-protonated conformers: implications for its native structure in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.	pyrrolidine	60-71	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-172
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	21-29	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	pyrrolidine	30-41	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	174-206
34939632-8	2022	One of the gas phase nicotine pyrrolidine protomers has the closest conformational resemblance among all low-lying energy isomers with the X-ray structure of nicotine in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Nicotine	158-166	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	208-213
34577114-4	2021	In this work, we have surveyed a disparate group of sulfonium compounds for their functional activity with alpha7 as well as other nAChR subtypes.	Sulfonium	52-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
34628512-9	2021	IMI and IMI-olefin were confirmed as nAChR agonists, although with 2-3 orders of magnitude lower potency.	imidacloprid	0-3	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
34628512-9	2021	IMI and IMI-olefin were confirmed as nAChR agonists, although with 2-3 orders of magnitude lower potency.	imi-olefin	8-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	37-42
34618202-3	2021	OBJECTIVE: The present study tested whether the prototypical nAChR agonist nicotine enhances the ability of humans and rodents to maintain a broad attentional window.	Nicotine	75-83	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	61-66
34523332-2	2021	The alpha3beta2 nAChR subtype participates in pain, addiction to nicotine, and other neurophysiological and pathological activities.	Nicotine	65-73	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	16-21
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Cocaine	71-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Cocaine	71-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Cocaine	71-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	264-269
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Dizocilpine Maleate	317-323	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Dizocilpine Maleate	317-323	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	189-194
34546414-5	2022	By transient kinetic measurements, these DNA aptamers, which displaced cocaine from its binding site on the muscle-type nAChR, were classified into two groups based on their effects on the nAChR: Class I aptamers inhibit agonist-induced current in the muscle-type nAChR and Class II molecules alleviate inhibition by MK-801 ((+)-dizocilpine) without affecting the receptor function.	Dizocilpine Maleate	329-340	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
34546414-6	2022	The most potent Class I DNA aptamer, which inhibits the muscle-type nAChR, has an apparent dissociation constant (KIapt) of 5 muM, while the most efficient Class II DNA aptamer, which alleviates MK-801-induced inhibition, has an apparent dissociation constant (KApt) of 1.8 muM.	Dizocilpine Maleate	195-201	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	68-73
34292752-1	2021	The first synthesis of aristoquinoline (1), a naturally occurring nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, was accomplished using two different approaches.	aristoquinoline	23-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	66-98
34292752-1	2021	The first synthesis of aristoquinoline (1), a naturally occurring nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, was accomplished using two different approaches.	aristoquinoline	23-38	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	100-105
34446200-1	2021	The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor (Isoclast active), are a relatively new class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Group 4C) insecticides that provide control of a wide range of sap-feeding insect pests.	sulfoximines	4-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
34446200-1	2021	The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor (Isoclast active), are a relatively new class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Group 4C) insecticides that provide control of a wide range of sap-feeding insect pests.	sulfoximines	4-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
34446200-1	2021	The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor (Isoclast active), are a relatively new class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Group 4C) insecticides that provide control of a wide range of sap-feeding insect pests.	sulfoxaflor	36-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	97-129
34446200-1	2021	The sulfoximines, as exemplified by sulfoxaflor (Isoclast active), are a relatively new class of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulator (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) Group 4C) insecticides that provide control of a wide range of sap-feeding insect pests.	sulfoxaflor	36-47	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	131-136
34577114-6	2021	The smallest sulfonium compound, trimethylsulfonium, was a partial agonist for alpha7 and other neuronal nAChR.	Sulfonium	13-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
34577114-6	2021	The smallest sulfonium compound, trimethylsulfonium, was a partial agonist for alpha7 and other neuronal nAChR.	trimethylsulfonium	33-51	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-110
34471351-4	2021	Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) is a derivative peptide that can specifically bind to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) widely overexpressed on BBB and glioma cells for the invasion of rabies virus into the brain.	Acetylcholine	96-109	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
34938964-9	2021	Revealing the differential affinities of lynx proteins for nAChR subtypes will help elucidate how lynx regulates nAChR-dependent functions in the brain, including nicotine addiction and other critical pathways.	Nicotine	163-171	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	59-64
34216863-6	2021	), which is used to treat tobacco addiction and attenuates nicotine withdrawal in both humans and rodents, blocked elevations in ICSS thresholds induced by a single injection of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) followed   2 h later by the non-selective, non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.).	Mecamylamine	316-328	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	264-296
34216863-6	2021	), which is used to treat tobacco addiction and attenuates nicotine withdrawal in both humans and rodents, blocked elevations in ICSS thresholds induced by a single injection of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) followed   2 h later by the non-selective, non-competitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist mecamylamine (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.).	Mecamylamine	316-328	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	298-303
34216863-7	2021	In Experiment 3a, s.c. administration of the competitive, relatively selective alpha4ss2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHssE) (5.6 mg/kg, but not 3.0 mg/kg) following each of 5 daily injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) elevated ICSS thresholds.	Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine	106-131	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
34216863-7	2021	In Experiment 3a, s.c. administration of the competitive, relatively selective alpha4ss2 nAChR antagonist dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHssE) (5.6 mg/kg, but not 3.0 mg/kg) following each of 5 daily injections of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) elevated ICSS thresholds.	dhsse	133-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	89-94
34360698-2	2021	New drugs that bind only those receptors, such as alpha6beta2* nAChR, implicated in nicotine addiction would avoid the off-target binding.	Nicotine	84-92	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	63-68
34437426-7	2021	The experiments with the wild-type alpha7 nAChR supported an allosteric mode of action, which was confirmed by the significantly increased MrIC + PNU-120596 responses of three alpha7 nAChR AA site mutants that were designed in silico to improve MrIC binding.	N-neopentyl-N-nitrosourea	146-149	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	42-47
34445117-10	2021	Neonicotinoid-induced changes in nAChR function could be responsible for most of the effects observed in the different studies.	Neonicotinoids	0-13	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	33-38
34197807-2	2021	We tested their ability either to directly form plasma membrane ion channels or to change functions of two mammalian plasma membrane ion channels, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the alpha3beta4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	214-227	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	238-243
34253876-14	2022	Interestingly, two putative alpha4beta2-nAChR isoforms, namely sazetidine A-activated, high-sensitive one (alpha42beta23-nAChR) and cytisine-activated, low-sensitive one (alpha43beta22-nAChR) were pharmacologically separated, and the low-sensitive one was more susceptible to l-THP inhibition than the high-sensitive one.	sazetidine-A	63-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Hexamethonium	79-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-38
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Hexamethonium	79-100	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	6-38
34273166-11	2021	Using nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) blockers alpha-bungarotoxin and hexamethonium bromide we found that the effects of nicotine on intracellular Ca2+ and oxidative stress were mediated by alpha7 and alpha3 nAChR.	Nicotine	130-138	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
34253876-15	2022	In conclusion, we demonstrate that l-THP blocks neuronal alpha4beta2-nAChR function, which may underlie its inhibition on nicotine addiction.	l-thp	35-40	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
34253876-15	2022	In conclusion, we demonstrate that l-THP blocks neuronal alpha4beta2-nAChR function, which may underlie its inhibition on nicotine addiction.	Nicotine	122-130	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-74
34253876-14	2022	Interestingly, two putative alpha4beta2-nAChR isoforms, namely sazetidine A-activated, high-sensitive one (alpha42beta23-nAChR) and cytisine-activated, low-sensitive one (alpha43beta22-nAChR) were pharmacologically separated, and the low-sensitive one was more susceptible to l-THP inhibition than the high-sensitive one.	sazetidine-A	63-75	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	121-126
34253876-14	2022	Interestingly, two putative alpha4beta2-nAChR isoforms, namely sazetidine A-activated, high-sensitive one (alpha42beta23-nAChR) and cytisine-activated, low-sensitive one (alpha43beta22-nAChR) were pharmacologically separated, and the low-sensitive one was more susceptible to l-THP inhibition than the high-sensitive one.	l-thp	276-281	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	40-45
34301823-9	2021	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The alpha7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is acknowledged as a potentially important therapeutic target with functional properties associated with both ionotropic and metabotropic signaling.	Acetylcholine	50-63	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
34061521-0	2021	Erythrina Alkaloid Analogues as nAChR Antagonists-A Flexible Platform for Leads in Drug Discovery.	erythrina alkaloid	0-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	32-37
34202022-6	2021	We then use AChBP as a template for alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR homology models bound to the alpha-CTX LvIA and re-predict the potencies of eleven point mutations at both subtypes, with an overall RMSE of 0.85 +- 0.08 kcal/mol and an R2 of 0.49.	achbp	12-17	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	64-69
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Dopamine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
34241006-12	2021	When combined, these insights may reconcile several apparently contradictory experiments on the role of anionic phospholipids in modulating nAChR.	Phospholipids	112-125	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	140-145
35534578-7	2022	Special attention is devoted to the anionic phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), which stabilizes the functional resting form of the nAChR.	phospholipid phosphatidic acid	44-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
35534578-7	2022	Special attention is devoted to the anionic phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), which stabilizes the functional resting form of the nAChR.	Phosphatidic Acids	76-78	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	133-138
35534578-9	2022	PA and cholesterol appear to compete for the same binding sites on the nAChR protein.	Phosphatidic Acids	0-2	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
35534578-9	2022	PA and cholesterol appear to compete for the same binding sites on the nAChR protein.	Cholesterol	7-18	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	71-76
35346843-2	2022	As previously reported for the benzodioxane based analogues, hydroxylation at proper position of benzene ring results in high alpha4beta2 nAChR affinity and alpha4beta2 vs. alpha3beta4 nAChR selectivity.	benzodioxane	31-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
35346843-2	2022	As previously reported for the benzodioxane based analogues, hydroxylation at proper position of benzene ring results in high alpha4beta2 nAChR affinity and alpha4beta2 vs. alpha3beta4 nAChR selectivity.	benzodioxane	31-43	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
35346843-2	2022	As previously reported for the benzodioxane based analogues, hydroxylation at proper position of benzene ring results in high alpha4beta2 nAChR affinity and alpha4beta2 vs. alpha3beta4 nAChR selectivity.	Benzene	97-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	138-143
35346843-2	2022	As previously reported for the benzodioxane based analogues, hydroxylation at proper position of benzene ring results in high alpha4beta2 nAChR affinity and alpha4beta2 vs. alpha3beta4 nAChR selectivity.	Benzene	97-104	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
35565402-0	2022	Reducing Chemotherapy-Induced DNA Damage via nAChR-Mediated Redox Reprograming-A New Mechanism for SCLC Chemoresistance Boosted by Nicotine.	Nicotine	131-139	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	45-50
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Dopamine	60-68	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	95-127
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	129-134
35044626-1	2022	We have previously shown that the heteromer composed by the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (D3R-nAChR heteromer) is expressed in dopaminergic neurons, activated by nicotine and represents the molecular unit that, in these neurons, contributes to the modulation of critical events such as structural plasticity and neuroprotection.	Nicotine	209-217	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	141-146
35222535-1	2022	Objective: To investigate the effects of genetic polymorphisms of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits alpha3, alpha4 and alpha5, which are encoded by CHRNA3, CHRNA4 CHRNA5 genes, respectively, on nicotine addiction and outcomes of pharmacological treatments for smoking cessation.	Acetylcholine	82-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	170-176
35392565-9	2022	Cotinine was the least potent nAChR compound, only being able to activate alpha4beta2 and alpha6/3beta2beta3 subtypes at high doses and no detectable activities against alpha3beta4 and alpha7 subtypes at the concentrations tested.	Cotinine	0-8	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	30-35
35225139-3	2022	There is the possibility of targeting the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the prevention of noise-induced, hidden hearing loss and presbycusis.	Acetylcholine	66-79	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
35225139-6	2022	AREAS COVERED: The work examines the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), its role in noise-induced, hidden hearing loss and presbycusis and the possibility of targeting.	Acetylcholine	61-74	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
35431807-3	2022	Here, we compare two silent nAChR agonists, phosphocholine, which is known to interact with nAChR subunits alpha7, alpha9, and alpha10, and pCF3-N,N-diethyl-N"-phenyl-piperazine (pCF3-diEPP), a previously identified alpha7 nAChR silent agonist, regarding their anti-inflammatory properties and their effects on ionotropic nAChR functions.	Phosphorylcholine	44-58	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	28-33
35351814-3	2022	Our objective was to develop a method for the selective detection of the potentially pathogenic alpha3-nAChR antibodies, seemingly present only in patients with AAG.	aag	161-164	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	103-108
35351814-13	2022	This study provides Class II evidence that alpha3-nAChR CBA is a specific assay for AAG.	aag	84-87	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	50-55
35351814-14	2022	CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that an alpha3-nAChR cell-based assay is a more specific assay for AAG than the standard RIPA.	aag	133-136	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	81-86
35234149-4	2022	The ligands interact with the same residues as the archetypal nAChR agonist nicotine yet display greater affinity, thereby rationalizing their in vivo activity as potent antagonists of nicotine-induced antinociception.	Nicotine	76-84	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	62-67
35177988-2	2022	Previous studies have shown a link between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and alcohol addiction.	Acetylcholine	53-66	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
35177988-2	2022	Previous studies have shown a link between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and alcohol addiction.	Alcohols	89-96	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	78-83
35177988-4	2022	Methods: Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0.2% alcohol for 14 days followed by 7 days of repeated withdrawal and then retro-orbitally injected with alpha-conotoxin TxIB (a selective alpha6beta2* nAChR antagonist).	2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate	171-175	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	202-207
35111269-0	2022	The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways.	Nicotine	51-59	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164
35054856-6	2022	The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a sequence similar to neurotoxins, capable of binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR).	Acetylcholine	97-110	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	122-127
35111269-0	2022	The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways.	dehydrocrenatidine	21-39	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	159-164