PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offset protein_name organism prot_offset 2478554-2 1989 Human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) is a 50-residue mitogenic peptide with a compact structure restrained by three disulfide bonds. Disulfides 130-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 2530243-3 1989 An analogous pattern of specific EGF or TGF-alpha growth inhibitory activity was obtained using a synthetic peptide analog encompassing the third disulfide loop region of TGF-alpha, but containing additional modifications designed for increased membrane affinity [( Ac-D-hArg(Et)2(31),Gly32,33]HuTGF-alpha(31-43)NH2). Disulfides 146-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 2813340-4 1989 Active human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), a 50 amino acid long protein with three disulfide bonds, has been synthesized and purified in multiple tens of mg amounts in less than 7 days. Disulfides 99-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 2613750-5 1989 We also found that triiodothyronine at physiological concentrations exerts synergistic control on the action of TGF alpha alone, or in association with TGF beta 1, on EGF receptor mRNA expression. Triiodothyronine 19-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 2613750-6 1989 Similarly, retinoic acid treatment also enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner the TGF alpha-dependent response of EGF receptor mRNA and acted synergistically with TGF beta 1. Tretinoin 11-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 2813340-5 1989 The purified human TGF-alpha migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, ran as a single sharp major band at pI = 6.2 on isoelectric focusing gels, displayed an MW = 5546.2 (Th.5546.3) by mass spectrometry, contained three disulfide bonds and had EGF receptor binding, mitogenic and soft agar colony formation activities. Disulfides 233-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 2813340-6 1989 The locations of disulfide bonds were found to be analogous to those found in epidermal growth factor (EGF) and in human TGF-alpha expressed in bacteria. Disulfides 17-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-130 2813340-5 1989 The purified human TGF-alpha migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, ran as a single sharp major band at pI = 6.2 on isoelectric focusing gels, displayed an MW = 5546.2 (Th.5546.3) by mass spectrometry, contained three disulfide bonds and had EGF receptor binding, mitogenic and soft agar colony formation activities. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate 58-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 2813340-5 1989 The purified human TGF-alpha migrated as a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, ran as a single sharp major band at pI = 6.2 on isoelectric focusing gels, displayed an MW = 5546.2 (Th.5546.3) by mass spectrometry, contained three disulfide bonds and had EGF receptor binding, mitogenic and soft agar colony formation activities. polyacrylamide 62-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 2506441-6 1989 Amino acid composition analysis of proteolytic fragments from TGF-alpha and the Lys-42 mutant indicated that these proteins contained the same disulfide bonds. Disulfides 143-152 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 2788651-4 1989 In contrast, T3M4 cells readily degraded 125I-labeled transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and the released radiolabeled products did not rebind to the cells. Iodine-125 41-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 2506441-7 1989 These studies suggest that arginine 42 may be a contact point for TGF-alpha-EGF receptor interaction. Arginine 27-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 2665780-14 1989 Furthermore, ICI 164384 was more effective in inhibiting the action of IGF-I and TGF-alpha alone or in combination, although both antioestrogens produced a partial blockade of growth factor responses in the complete absence of oestradiol. ICI 164384 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-90 2755700-8 1989 Moreover, high levels of EGF-independent tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR were detected both in NIH-EGFR expressing TGF alpha and in high EGFR and TGF alpha coexpressing human tumor cell lines. Tyrosine 41-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 2755700-8 1989 Moreover, high levels of EGF-independent tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR were detected both in NIH-EGFR expressing TGF alpha and in high EGFR and TGF alpha coexpressing human tumor cell lines. Tyrosine 41-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-160 2658990-1 1989 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) induces dose- and time-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Epoprostenol 93-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 2658990-1 1989 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) induces dose- and time-dependent stimulation of prostacyclin (PGI2) production by cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Epoprostenol 107-111 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 2658990-4 1989 TGF alpha induced PGI2 production at 10-100 times lower concentrations than did epidermal growth factor (EGF), although in stimulating endothelial cell growth the two factors were equipotent. Epoprostenol 18-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2658990-5 1989 This is the first demonstration that TGF alpha enhances PGI2 production by human cells. Epoprostenol 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 2785399-9 1989 In addition the observation that tamoxifen causes a significant reduction in the content of TGF-alpha may be an additional beneficial action. Tamoxifen 33-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 2925687-1 1989 Exposure of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes to the protein kinase C (Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase)-activating phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate markedly enhanced accumulation of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. Phorbol Esters 136-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 298-307 2925687-1 1989 Exposure of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes to the protein kinase C (Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase)-activating phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 4-beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate markedly enhanced accumulation of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) mRNA and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. Phorbol Esters 136-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 331-340 2925687-4 1989 While TPA and epidermal growth factor treatment of keratinocyte cultures deprived of growth factors both induced TGF-alpha mRNA expression, maximum induction by TPA is 5-fold greater than epidermal growth factor. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 6-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 37-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 37-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 37-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 189-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 2521857-2 1989 We now show that the MDA468 breast cancer cells express the mRNA for the EGF-like molecule, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and demonstrate that TPA or EGF cause an accumulation of both EGF receptor and TGF-alpha mRNA. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 159-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-135 2521857-2 1989 We now show that the MDA468 breast cancer cells express the mRNA for the EGF-like molecule, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and demonstrate that TPA or EGF cause an accumulation of both EGF receptor and TGF-alpha mRNA. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 159-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-226 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 189-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 2925687-6 1989 Under these experimental conditions, TPA increased levels of secreted TGF-alpha protein by 20-fold at 24 h. Concentration dependence and kinetic studies of TGF-alpha expression showed that TPA (greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml) induced accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA with an optimum concentration of 10 ng/ml. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 189-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 2645281-11 1989 The alanine deletion is within the amino-terminal region of the TGF-alpha precursor that is thought to be removed by proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature growth factor. Alanine 4-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 2925687-7 1989 TGF-alpha mRNA expression increased within 1 h following TPA treatment (10 ng/ml) and peaked at 5 h. At 24 h, TPA-treated cultures still expressed elevated levels of TGF-alpha mRNA (1.7-fold). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 57-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2925687-7 1989 TGF-alpha mRNA expression increased within 1 h following TPA treatment (10 ng/ml) and peaked at 5 h. At 24 h, TPA-treated cultures still expressed elevated levels of TGF-alpha mRNA (1.7-fold). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 110-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2925687-7 1989 TGF-alpha mRNA expression increased within 1 h following TPA treatment (10 ng/ml) and peaked at 5 h. At 24 h, TPA-treated cultures still expressed elevated levels of TGF-alpha mRNA (1.7-fold). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 110-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-175 2925687-9 1989 Prolonged pretreatment (24 h) of keratinocyte cultures with TPA caused marked desensitization of TGF-alpha mRNA expression to repeated stimulation by phorbol ester. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 60-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 2925687-9 1989 Prolonged pretreatment (24 h) of keratinocyte cultures with TPA caused marked desensitization of TGF-alpha mRNA expression to repeated stimulation by phorbol ester. Phorbol Esters 150-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 2925687-10 1989 The synthetic diacylglycerol, 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol, enhanced levels of TGF-alpha transcription and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. Diglycerides 14-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 2925687-10 1989 The synthetic diacylglycerol, 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol, enhanced levels of TGF-alpha transcription and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. Diglycerides 14-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-126 2925687-10 1989 The synthetic diacylglycerol, 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol, enhanced levels of TGF-alpha transcription and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol 30-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 2925687-10 1989 The synthetic diacylglycerol, 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol, enhanced levels of TGF-alpha transcription and secretion of TGF-alpha protein. 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol 30-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-126 2925687-11 1989 The rate of TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation peaked and declined earlier for 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol compared to TPA. 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol 72-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 2925687-11 1989 The rate of TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation peaked and declined earlier for 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol compared to TPA. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 110-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 2925687-12 1989 1,2-sn-Dioctanoylglycerol (50 micrograms/ml) increased production and secretion of TGF-alpha protein, but less than TPA treatment. 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol 0-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 2925687-13 1989 An inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, also inhibited 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol-mediated accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 34-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 2925687-13 1989 An inhibitor of protein kinase C, 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, also inhibited 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol-mediated accumulation of TGF-alpha mRNA. 1,2-sn-dioctanoylglycerol 97-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 2925687-15 1989 Actinomycin D abrogated transcriptional activation of TGF-alpha mRNA by TPA. Dactinomycin 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 2925687-15 1989 Actinomycin D abrogated transcriptional activation of TGF-alpha mRNA by TPA. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 72-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 2925687-16 1989 These studies suggest that activation of protein kinase C by active phorbol esters or diacylglycerols is responsible, at least in part, for TGF-alpha gene expression. Phorbol Esters 68-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 2925687-16 1989 These studies suggest that activation of protein kinase C by active phorbol esters or diacylglycerols is responsible, at least in part, for TGF-alpha gene expression. Diglycerides 86-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 2465187-3 1989 Either 10(-9) M EGF or 100 ng/ml TPA stimulated the accumulation of both EGF receptor and TGF-alpha mRNA and staurosporine (50 nM) completely abolished these mRNA accumulations. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 33-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 2646637-3 1989 This report describes sequence-specific 1H-NMR resonance assignments for recombinant human TGF alpha (hTGF alpha). Hydrogen 40-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-112 2646637-4 1989 These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46. Glycine 177-180 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-121 2646637-4 1989 These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46. Tyrosine 281-284 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-121 2646637-4 1989 These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46. Valine 292-295 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-121 2646637-4 1989 These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46. Histidine 303-306 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-121 2646637-4 1989 These assignments provide the basis for interpreting NMR data which demonstrate that the solution structure of hTGF alpha includes an antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Gly-19 to Leu-24 and Lys-29 to Cys-34 and a second, smaller, antiparallel beta-sheet involving residues Tyr-38 and Val-39 and His-45 and Ala-46. Alanine 314-317 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-121 2646637-7 1989 Human TGF alpha and mouse EGF, however, differ with respect to their structural dynamics, since amide proton/deuteron exchange is much faster for hTGF alpha than for mouse EGF at pH 3.5. Amides 96-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 2646637-7 1989 Human TGF alpha and mouse EGF, however, differ with respect to their structural dynamics, since amide proton/deuteron exchange is much faster for hTGF alpha than for mouse EGF at pH 3.5. Amides 96-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-156 2646637-7 1989 Human TGF alpha and mouse EGF, however, differ with respect to their structural dynamics, since amide proton/deuteron exchange is much faster for hTGF alpha than for mouse EGF at pH 3.5. Deuterium 109-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 2646637-7 1989 Human TGF alpha and mouse EGF, however, differ with respect to their structural dynamics, since amide proton/deuteron exchange is much faster for hTGF alpha than for mouse EGF at pH 3.5. Deuterium 109-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-156 2785403-1 1989 The 1H NMR spectrum of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was analyzed almost completely by the sequential assignment method using two-dimensional NMR techniques. Hydrogen 4-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 2710138-1 1989 It has been suggested that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a mitogenic autocrine growth factor for human breast cancer cells, responsible for mediating the mitogenic effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in responsive cells. Estradiol 193-210 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 2710138-5 1989 However, both of the transfected clones that constitutively secrete elevated levels of TGF-alpha (A8 and H8) respond to E2 stimulation in vitro by increasing the rate of cellular proliferation and inducing PGR synthesis. pgr 206-209 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 2645058-1 1989 TGF-alpha and EGF are structurally related factors that bind to and induce tyrosine autophosphorylation of a common receptor. Tyrosine 75-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2645058-6 1989 These solubilized precursors induce tyrosine autophosphorylation of the EGF/TGF-alpha receptor in intact receptor-overexpressing cells, and anchorage-independent growth of NRK fibroblasts. Tyrosine 36-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 2783382-4 1989 As we have shown before, the progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate, increased the level of both EGF mRNA and TGF alpha mRNA in this cell line. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 40-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-119 2713333-1 1989 The 1H NMR spectrum of human transforming growth factor alpha (hTGF-alpha) has been completely assigned, and secondary structural elements have been identified as a preliminary step in determining the structure of this protein by distance geometry methods. Hydrogen 4-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-73 2465187-5 1989 The ability of staurosporine to block the mRNA responses of either EGF or TPA suggests that these two agents have common signaling pathways and it implies a role for protein kinase C in the control of EGF receptor and TGF-alpha expression. Staurosporine 15-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-227 2786419-5 1989 A neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody generated against the low molecular weight human TGF alpha peptide was able to inhibit colony formation in soft agar by TGF alpha-transfected NOG-8 clones that produced high levels by TGF alpha. Agar 153-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 2783610-3 1989 In the longitudinal muscle preparation, wherein the contractile actions of agonists were abolished by 1 microM indomethacin, the order of potency was: hEGF-URO = mEGF-URO greater than TGF-alpha greater than hEGF-URO1-47 greater than or equal to mEGF-URO1-47. Indomethacin 111-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 184-193 2783610-7 1989 However, in the indomethacin-treated circular muscle preparation, repeated exposure to TGF-alpha and hEGF-URO1-47 during an intermittent dosing schedule caused only a low degree of persistent desensitization. Indomethacin 16-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 2783610-8 1989 In the indomethacin-treated circular muscle preparation, the order of potency for the contractile effect was: TGF-alpha = hEGF-URO1-47 greater than or equal to hEGF-URO. Indomethacin 7-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-119 2786419-5 1989 A neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody generated against the low molecular weight human TGF alpha peptide was able to inhibit colony formation in soft agar by TGF alpha-transfected NOG-8 clones that produced high levels by TGF alpha. Agar 153-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-170 2786419-5 1989 A neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody generated against the low molecular weight human TGF alpha peptide was able to inhibit colony formation in soft agar by TGF alpha-transfected NOG-8 clones that produced high levels by TGF alpha. Agar 153-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-170 3293993-4 1988 The increased production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6k-PGF1 alpha), the hydrolytic product of PGI2, stimulated by recombinant hTGF alpha and hTNF as well as murine epidermal growth factor was inhibited by minoxidil. 6-keto-pgf1 28-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-131 2798227-2 1989 TGF alpha (5 ng/ml) stimulated LNCaP cell growth in monolayer to 60% of the level seen with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Dihydrotestosterone 92-111 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2798227-2 1989 TGF alpha (5 ng/ml) stimulated LNCaP cell growth in monolayer to 60% of the level seen with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Dihydrotestosterone 113-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 2798227-5 1989 In addition, intracellular signalling as indicated by phosphatidyl inositol turnover was also increased by TGF alpha and DHT. Phosphatidylinositols 54-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 2510238-5 1989 Glycolysis, estimated by glucose utilisation and measurements of the glycolytic regulatory metabolite fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was significantly stimulated by TGF beta, IL-1 alpha and IFN-gamma, but less so by TGF alpha. fructose 2,6-diphosphate 102-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-220 2510238-6 1989 Prostaglandin E production was significantly increased by IL-1 alpha to an extent much greater than that produced by TGF alpha or TGF beta, although the combined addition of IL-1 alpha with either TGF alpha or beta resulted in a synergistic increase in PGE production, a response partly diminished by the addition of IFN-gamma. Prostaglandins E 253-256 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 197-206 3221874-8 1988 MCF-7 cells were first treated with tamoxifen to inhibit growth and to reduce TGF alpha expression. Tamoxifen 36-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 3221874-10 1988 Exogenous TGF alpha also partially restored growth of tamoxifen-inhibited cells. Tamoxifen 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 3221874-11 1988 Although the simultaneous addition of 528ab or 225ab blocked TGF alpha-induced rescue of MCF-7 cells, it had no effect on rescue by estradiol. 528ab 38-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 3221874-11 1988 Although the simultaneous addition of 528ab or 225ab blocked TGF alpha-induced rescue of MCF-7 cells, it had no effect on rescue by estradiol. 225ab 47-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 3293993-4 1988 The increased production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6k-PGF1 alpha), the hydrolytic product of PGI2, stimulated by recombinant hTGF alpha and hTNF as well as murine epidermal growth factor was inhibited by minoxidil. Epoprostenol 89-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-131 3293993-4 1988 The increased production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6k-PGF1 alpha), the hydrolytic product of PGI2, stimulated by recombinant hTGF alpha and hTNF as well as murine epidermal growth factor was inhibited by minoxidil. Minoxidil 200-209 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-131 2846046-3 1988 The disulfide pairings were established by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry and were found to be similar to those of EGF and TGF alpha. Disulfides 4-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphorus-32 107-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphatidylinositols 119-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 146-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 180-183 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate 186-223 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate 225-229 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphatidic Acids 236-253 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3166464-1 1988 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulates (in a dose-dependent manner) the incorporation of [32P]Pi into phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP), phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and phosphatidic acid (PA) in the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A431). Phosphatidic Acids 255-257 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 2850475-4 1988 Synthetic peptides representing the N terminus, the C terminus, or the individual disulfide constrained rings of TGF-alpha did not exhibit receptor-binding or mitogenic activity. Disulfides 82-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 3163273-12 1988 Higher doses which inhibit [3H]thymidine incorporation resulted in lower levels of induced TGF alpha. Tritium 28-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-100 3047554-3 1988 We previously reported induction of TGF alpha levels in medium by 17 beta-estradiol. Estradiol 66-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-45 3002426-5 1985 As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the apparent molecular weight of these intracellular TGF-alpha"s was 18 000. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate 17-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 3497713-6 1987 Binding studies with 125I-labeled TGF-alpha indicated that maximal cell surface binding of TGF-alpha occurred at 15 min, whereas maximal internalization occurred at 45 min. Iodine-125 21-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 3497713-6 1987 Binding studies with 125I-labeled TGF-alpha indicated that maximal cell surface binding of TGF-alpha occurred at 15 min, whereas maximal internalization occurred at 45 min. Iodine-125 21-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-100 2433030-3 1987 For the first time, we have shown that the average TGF-alpha concentration for HCC patients was 21.5 +/- 20.3 micrograms per g creatinine, significantly higher than that of healthy subjects, 4.9 +/- 2.8 micrograms per g creatinine (P less than 0.001). Creatinine 127-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 2433030-3 1987 For the first time, we have shown that the average TGF-alpha concentration for HCC patients was 21.5 +/- 20.3 micrograms per g creatinine, significantly higher than that of healthy subjects, 4.9 +/- 2.8 micrograms per g creatinine (P less than 0.001). Creatinine 220-230 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 3531211-3 1986 The antibody was coupled to Sepharose and used as an independent method for purifying active TGF alpha. Sepharose 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 3531211-5 1986 The disulfide arrangement of the active TGF alpha was determined after digestion with thermolysin, and found to be analogous to the disulfide arrangement previously determined for EGF (Savage, C. R., Hash, J. H., and Cohen, S. (1973) J. Biol. Disulfides 4-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 3531211-5 1986 The disulfide arrangement of the active TGF alpha was determined after digestion with thermolysin, and found to be analogous to the disulfide arrangement previously determined for EGF (Savage, C. R., Hash, J. H., and Cohen, S. (1973) J. Biol. Disulfides 132-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 2418952-3 1986 In MCF-7, an estrogen-receptor positive cell line which requires estrogen for tumorigenesis in vivo, 17 beta-estradiol induced a 2-5-fold increase in a TGF-alpha-like activity (apparent molecular weight, 68,000 and 30,000 by column chromatography). Estradiol 101-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 3001528-2 1985 The conserved sequence includes a region of high homology (6 out of 10 amino acids) from residues 71 to 80, corresponding to the third disulphide loop of both EGF and TGF-alpha. disulphide 135-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-176 3877079-5 1985 The effects of both TGF-alpha and EGF in calvaria, but not those of parathyroid hormone, were inhibited by 5 X 10(-7) M indomethacin. Indomethacin 120-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-29 2840572-4 1988 We show that acute or chronic treatment of MCF-7 cells with TGF alpha results in elevated PtdIns turnover and that chronic treatment increases growth rate. Phosphatidylinositols 90-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 2840572-7 1988 These data are consistent with estradiol-induced autocrine growth factors, including TGF alpha, acting through the PtdIns turnover pathway as part of their mechanism of action. Estradiol 31-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 2840572-7 1988 These data are consistent with estradiol-induced autocrine growth factors, including TGF alpha, acting through the PtdIns turnover pathway as part of their mechanism of action. Phosphatidylinositols 115-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 3299049-3 1987 One of the BHK transfectants, termed 5:2, expressed the TGF alpha mRNA in a cadmium- and zinc-inducible manner. Cadmium 76-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 3002426-5 1985 As determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, the apparent molecular weight of these intracellular TGF-alpha"s was 18 000. polyacrylamide 40-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 5007049-4 1972 The specific activity-time curves of triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) were analyzed both in total VLDL and in two subfractions of VLDL. triglyceride fatty acids 37-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-67 6088071-2 1984 Using long synthetic deoxyoligonucleotides as hybridization probes we isolated an exon coding for a portion of TGF-alpha from a human genomic DNA library. deoxyoligonucleotides 21-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-120 5007049-8 1972 The specific activity-time curves of TGFA in the two subfractions of VLDL that were obtained with single injections of radio-palmitate showed a consistent difference in the rates at which TGFA became labeled in the two subfractions, being slower in the Sf 20-100 fraction. radio-palmitate 119-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-41 5007049-8 1972 The specific activity-time curves of TGFA in the two subfractions of VLDL that were obtained with single injections of radio-palmitate showed a consistent difference in the rates at which TGFA became labeled in the two subfractions, being slower in the Sf 20-100 fraction. radio-palmitate 119-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-192 5480854-1 1970 Transport of plasma-free fatty acids (FFA) and of fatty acids in triglycerides of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-TGFA) was studied in two normal subjects, five patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, and two patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Fatty Acids 50-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 5480854-1 1970 Transport of plasma-free fatty acids (FFA) and of fatty acids in triglycerides of plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL-TGFA) was studied in two normal subjects, five patients with type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, and two patients with type I hyperlipoproteinemia. Triglycerides 65-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 5480854-4 1970 Fractional transport of VLDL-TGFA was distinctly lower (no overlap) in the type IV patients than in the control subjects, both on a usual balanced diet (40% of calories from carbohydrate) and on a high-carbohydrate diet (80% of calories). Carbohydrates 174-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 5480854-4 1970 Fractional transport of VLDL-TGFA was distinctly lower (no overlap) in the type IV patients than in the control subjects, both on a usual balanced diet (40% of calories from carbohydrate) and on a high-carbohydrate diet (80% of calories). Carbohydrates 202-214 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 5480854-11 1970 The results are compatible with the interpretation that the carbohydrate-induced increase in VLDL-TGFA, both in controls and type IV patients, is at least in part due to an increased rate of production of VLDL-TGFA. Carbohydrates 60-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 5480854-11 1970 The results are compatible with the interpretation that the carbohydrate-induced increase in VLDL-TGFA, both in controls and type IV patients, is at least in part due to an increased rate of production of VLDL-TGFA. Carbohydrates 60-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 205-214 5480854-14 1970 An alternative interpretation, compatible with the data, would involve both a carbohydrate-induced increase in fractional rate of release of VLDL-TGFA from liver to plasma and a decrease in fractional removal of VLDL-TGFA from plasma without increase in net production rate. Carbohydrates 78-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 5480855-1 1970 Three different multicompartmental models of free fatty acid (FFA) and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride fatty acid (VLDL-TGFA) transport in man are formulated from plasma FFA and VLDL-TGFA tracee and tracer data collected over a 24 hr interval after the injection of palmitate-(14)C. All modeling and data fitting were performed on a digital computer using the SAAM program. triglyceride fatty acid 100-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-134 5480855-1 1970 Three different multicompartmental models of free fatty acid (FFA) and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride fatty acid (VLDL-TGFA) transport in man are formulated from plasma FFA and VLDL-TGFA tracee and tracer data collected over a 24 hr interval after the injection of palmitate-(14)C. All modeling and data fitting were performed on a digital computer using the SAAM program. triglyceride fatty acid 100-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 33867212-1 2021 One of the molecular pathways that can be modified in cells that are under the influence of fluoride exposure is the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway. Fluorides 92-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-157 6065179-0 1967 Relationship between FFA flux and TGFA influx in plasma before and during the infusion of insulin. Flufenamic Acid 21-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-38 33839256-7 2021 Under TGF-beta stimulation, the overexpression of miR-223-3p enhanced, whereas the inhibition of miR-223-3p inhibited the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways. mir-223-3p 50-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-14 33839256-7 2021 Under TGF-beta stimulation, the overexpression of miR-223-3p enhanced, whereas the inhibition of miR-223-3p inhibited the EMT and MAPK signaling pathways. mir-223-3p 97-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-14 33867212-5 2021 Our research showed that SMF modified the activity of the TGFbeta-related genes and that their levels are altered by fluoride. Fluorides 117-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-65 33789145-5 2021 In both mild and severe COVID-19 patients, Nanocurcumin could considerably upregulate the frequency of Treg cells, the expression levels of FoxP3, IL-10, IL-35, and TGF-beta, as well as the serum secretion levels of cytokines in the Nanocurcumin-treated group compared to the placebo group. nanocurcumin 43-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 33522686-0 2021 Verbascoside inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of prostate cancer cells through high-mobility group box 1/receptor for advanced glycation end-products/TGF-beta pathway. acteoside 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-172 33522686-13 2021 CONCLUSION: Verbascoside mitigated the cell proliferation and aggressiveness of prostate cancer via downregulation of TGF-beta-associated EMT progression through HMGB1/RAGE suppression. acteoside 12-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 34048666-2 2021 Physiological/pathological changes mediated by high glucose are the main factors causing injury of DN, including the enhancement of polyol pathway, the accumulation of advanced glycation products (AGEs), and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signals. Glucose 52-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 286-294 33512727-4 2021 Additionally, we also performed ELISA and Western blot analyses to show that tacrolimus treatment also reduces the levels of eosinophil-specific cytokines IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TGF-beta, eosinophil-specific chemokines Eotaxin-1, Eotaxin-2, and progenitors target RCAN1 mRNA levels. Tacrolimus 77-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 32676889-9 2021 Moreover, NaHS administration reduced the expression of microglial M1 phenotype markers (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and nitrite) and concomitantly increased the expression of M2 phenotype markers (IL-4 and TGF-beta) in the brain regions of LPS treated animals. sodium bisulfide 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 199-207 33230810-5 2021 Furthermore, we showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine accumulated in the tumor microenvironment, could be induced by lactate treatment in tumor cells, and in turn inhibit inflammasome activation induced by lactate and other canonical ligands in macrophages. Lactic Acid 146-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33230810-5 2021 Furthermore, we showed that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine accumulated in the tumor microenvironment, could be induced by lactate treatment in tumor cells, and in turn inhibit inflammasome activation induced by lactate and other canonical ligands in macrophages. Lactic Acid 235-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33230810-6 2021 In addition, TGF-beta might induce autophagy of macrophages in a SMAD-dependent manner, leading to ROS clearance and eventually inhibiting the activation of inflammasomes. Reactive Oxygen Species 99-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 34053234-5 2021 Importantly, ligustilide antagonized HCC cell co-culture-induced macrophage recruitment and M2 polarization by enhancing the percentage of CD14+CD206+ cells and macrophage M2 markers (CD163, Arg1, CD206, CCL22, IL-10, and TGF-beta). ligustilide 13-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 222-230 34058476-4 2021 Simultaneously, we demonstrated that, under ER stress conditions, Tregs presented enhanced functional activity upon TCR stimulation, as illustrated with forkhead box transcription factor (Foxp3) expression, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production and suppressive functional analysis. tregs 66-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 267-275 34029574-3 2021 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) can inhibit the growth of human melanocytes and reduce melanin synthesis in melanocytes. Melanins 98-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 34051616-6 2021 TGF-beta- and thrombin-induced fibrotic protein expression was reduced by ADAM17 small interfering (si)RNA, TAPI-0 (an ADAM17 inhibitor), and EGFR siRNA. TAPI-0 108-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34028068-0 2021 Demethyleneberberine promotes apoptosis and suppresses TGF-beta/Smads induced EMT in the colon cancer cells HCT-116. demethyleneberberine 0-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 34028068-5 2021 Taken together, these findings suggested that DM-BBR could promote apoptosis and suppress TGF-beta/Smads induced EMT in the colon cancer cells HCT-116. demethyleneberberine 46-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 34044804-10 2021 GSEA revealed that the Wnt/beta-catenin and KRAS signalling pathways were upregulated while the TGF-beta signalling pathway was downregulated. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 34041746-8 2021 Emodin also inhibits activation of several canonical (SMAD2/3) and noncanonical (Erk1/2) TGF-beta signaling pathways, while activating the p38 pathway. Emodin 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 34041746-9 2021 These results suggest that emodin may provide an effective therapeutic agent for fibrosis that functions via specific TGF-beta signaling pathways. Emodin 27-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 34032568-0 2021 Starvation-induced regulation of carbohydrate transport at the blood-brain barrier is TGF-beta-signaling dependent. Carbohydrates 33-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 33645365-10 2021 EXPERT OPINION: Since the approval of pirfenidone, targeting TGF-beta signaling has been anticipated as an effective therapy for fibrosis. pirfenidone 38-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33990575-7 2021 Thus, TGFbeta converts Nur77"s role from destabilizing ID1 protein and cancer inhibition to inducing ID1 mRNA expression and cancer promotion, which is highly relevant to colon cancer stemness, metastasis and oxaliplatin resistance. Oxaliplatin 209-220 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-13 34001990-0 2021 Cisplatin and phenanthriplatin modulate long-noncoding RNA expression in A549 and IMR90 cells revealing regulation of microRNAs, Wnt/beta-catenin and TGF-beta signaling. Cisplatin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-158 34001990-0 2021 Cisplatin and phenanthriplatin modulate long-noncoding RNA expression in A549 and IMR90 cells revealing regulation of microRNAs, Wnt/beta-catenin and TGF-beta signaling. phenanthriplatin 14-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-158 34001990-6 2021 The signaling pathways associated with these miRNAs suggests that phenanthriplatin may modulate Wnt/beta-catenin and TGF-beta signaling through the MAPK/ERK and PTEN/AKT pathways differently than cisplatin. phenanthriplatin 66-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 33876829-5 2021 In contrast to an Activin receptor-like kinase 5 (Alk5) inhibitor, C8 and GSK3008348 failed to inhibit TGF-beta1 induced SMAD3 and SMAD2 phosphorylation, but inhibited TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3, suggesting that alphaVbeta1 integrin is involved in non-canonical TGF-beta signaling pathways. GSK3008348 74-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 168-176 33751758-3 2021 Upon matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-responsive dissociation of the nanoframework in TME, the core structure loaded with TGFbeta signaling pathway inhibitor and oxygen-carrying hemoglobin aims to stroma remodeling and hypoxia relief, allowing the photosensitizer-encapsulated satellite particles to penetrate to deep-seated tumor for oxygen-fueled photodynamic therapy. Oxygen 163-169 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-130 34055617-0 2021 Calcium Channel Protein ORAI1 Mediates TGF-beta Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Calcium 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 34054526-9 2021 More importantly, we found that IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling in UUO-induced renal fibrosis and TGF-beta-induced HK-2 cell model was obviously upregulated, and osthole treatment also significantly inhibited the abnormal IL-11/ERK1/2 signaling activation. osthol 153-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 33992538-5 2021 The in vitro observations showed a strong inhibitory effect (p < 0.01) on pro-inflammatory cytokines more specifically on TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma whereas CS-TPP CQ nanoparticles significantly elevated the anti-inflammatory cytokines- IL-10 and TGF-beta. cs-tpp cq 154-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 244-252 33751758-3 2021 Upon matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-responsive dissociation of the nanoframework in TME, the core structure loaded with TGFbeta signaling pathway inhibitor and oxygen-carrying hemoglobin aims to stroma remodeling and hypoxia relief, allowing the photosensitizer-encapsulated satellite particles to penetrate to deep-seated tumor for oxygen-fueled photodynamic therapy. Oxygen 336-342 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-130 33978176-10 2021 In particular, elevated mitochondrial ROS in stromal fibroblasts potentiate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, which triggers smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression to stimulate myofibroblast differentiation. Reactive Oxygen Species 38-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 33984634-6 2021 Upon administration, TGF-beta pathway is inhibited by SB to drive effector T cells into a responsive state and reduce the infiltration of Treg cells, eventually greatly enhancing the weapon against cancer. Antimony 54-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 33955122-10 2021 RESULTS: Our results revealed that miR-373-3p acted as an EMT inhibitor in JEG-3 and JAR cells; this was due to its mediation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway, which was responsible for EMT. mir-373-3p 35-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-173 33577811-4 2021 PR-619 inhibited oviposition in parasite pairs in vitro, leading to mitochondrial changes, autophagic body formation, and changes in expression of SmSmad2 and SmUSP9x, which are genes linked to the TGF-beta pathway that are responsible for parasite oviposition and SmUCHL5 and SmRpn11 DUB maintenance. 2,6-diaminopyridine-3,5-bis(thiocyanate) 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 198-206 33946465-5 2021 AP collagen peptides or GR inhibitors also prevent the cortisol-dependent inhibition of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling. Hydrocortisone 55-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-125 33952463-0 2021 Modulation of Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition E-cadherin/TGF-beta/Snail/TWIST Pathways by a New Ciprofloxacin Chalcone in Breast Cancer Cells. Ciprofloxacin 112-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 33952463-0 2021 Modulation of Apoptosis and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition E-cadherin/TGF-beta/Snail/TWIST Pathways by a New Ciprofloxacin Chalcone in Breast Cancer Cells. Chalcone 126-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 33952468-0 2021 A TGFbeta Signaling Inhibitor, SB431542, Inhibits Reovirus-mediated Lysis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in a TGFbeta-independent Manner. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 31-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 2-9 33952468-0 2021 A TGFbeta Signaling Inhibitor, SB431542, Inhibits Reovirus-mediated Lysis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells in a TGFbeta-independent Manner. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 31-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-126 33952468-11 2021 CONCLUSION: These data indicate that SB431542 inhibited reovirus-mediated lysis of human HCC cells in a TGF-beta signaling-independent manner. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 37-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 33609609-1 2021 In many tumors, CD73 (NT5E), a rate-limiting enzyme in adenosine biosynthesis, is upregulated by TGF-beta and drives tumor progression. Adenosine 55-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 33682185-5 2021 Moreover, CXCL6 and TGF-beta secreted by HCC cells activated ERK1/2 signaling of CAFs to produce more CLCF1, thus forming a positive feedback loop to accelerate HCC progression. cafs 81-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 33682185-8 2021 CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a novel cytokine-mediated cellular crosstalk and clinical network involving the CLCF1-CXCL6/TGF-beta axis, which regulates the positive feedback loop among CAFs, tumor stemness, and TANs, HCC progression, and patient prognosis. cafs 188-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 33582304-3 2021 Despite the reported association of calcitriol deficiency and disruption of the TGF-beta pathway in prostate cancer and the well-known independent effects of calcitriol and TGF-betas on cancer cells, there is limited information regarding the cellular effects of calcitriol and TGF-beta in combination. Calcitriol 36-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 33579816-10 2021 Further, crenolanib abrogated PDGF- and TGFbeta-induced increase of OCT4-positive cells in PDOs. crenolanib 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-47 33411236-11 2021 Testosterone treatment increased ChAT immunoreactivity and the antiinflammatory mediator TGFbeta, while it lessened vacuolated motoneurons, GFAP+ astrogliosis, the density of IBA1+ microgliosis, proinflammatory mediators, and oxidative/nitrosative stress. Testosterone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 33739392-10 2021 GSEA results showed that the TCGA and GSE62229 samples were significantly enriched in several well-known cancer-related pathways, such as the TGF-beta, MAPK, and JAK2 signaling pathways.

 Conclusion COL5A2 was most closely related to advanced GC among COL5 family members. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 33929751-0 2021 Induction of stable human FOXP3+ Tregs by a parasite-derived TGF-beta mimic. tregs 33-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33516780-12 2021 Mechanistically, LINC0145 was shown to depend on LIN28A and LIN28B, facilitated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through activating the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway, which subsequently aggravated BLCa progression. linc0145 17-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-151 33480071-6 2021 Evaluation of the canonical TGFbeta pathway signaling demonstrated that sR3 was able to induce bone formation in HBO cells, mainly through activation of noncanonical targets of TGFbeta pathway signaling including AKT, ERK, and p38 MAP kinases. (2s,3r)-4-(2-Amino-2-Oxoethoxy)-3-(Dihydroxy-Lambda~4~-Sulfanyl)-3-Methyl-4-Oxo-2-{[(1e)-3-Oxoprop-1-En-1-Yl]amino}butanoic Acid 72-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-35 33480071-6 2021 Evaluation of the canonical TGFbeta pathway signaling demonstrated that sR3 was able to induce bone formation in HBO cells, mainly through activation of noncanonical targets of TGFbeta pathway signaling including AKT, ERK, and p38 MAP kinases. (2s,3r)-4-(2-Amino-2-Oxoethoxy)-3-(Dihydroxy-Lambda~4~-Sulfanyl)-3-Methyl-4-Oxo-2-{[(1e)-3-Oxoprop-1-En-1-Yl]amino}butanoic Acid 72-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33740613-6 2021 Stimulation with rutin also significantly reduced mRNA expression levels of TNFalpha and TGFbeta, whereas stimulation with beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol significantly reduced TNFalpha mRNA expression in HP-PRRSV-inoculated MDM. Rutin 17-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 33946465-7 2021 Taken together, GR signaling might be responsible for the cortisol-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta. Hydrocortisone 58-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 33925221-7 2021 TGF-beta induced Smad2 phosphorylation and its subsequent nuclear translocation, which E2 inhibited. Estradiol 87-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33911182-7 2021 As the results, nanaomycin K (50 microg/mL) significantly inhibited cell proliferation in KK47 (p < 0.01) and T24 (p < 0.01) in the presence of TGF-beta, which is an EMT-inducer. nanaomycin k 16-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33733738-10 2021 Mechanistically, proteomic analysis reveals the enrichment of TGF-beta, Smad2, and Smad4 proteins in ESC-sEVs, which could be delivered to activate the TGF-beta/Smad pathway in CD4+ T cells and therefore induce Treg expansion. treg 211-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34055221-3 2021 Recently, fresolimumab and disitertide, two peptidic TGF-beta blockers, demonstrated significant therapeutic effects toward human skin fibrosis. Disitertide 27-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 33733738-10 2021 Mechanistically, proteomic analysis reveals the enrichment of TGF-beta, Smad2, and Smad4 proteins in ESC-sEVs, which could be delivered to activate the TGF-beta/Smad pathway in CD4+ T cells and therefore induce Treg expansion. treg 211-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 33733738-11 2021 ESC-sEVs modulate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic stroke through the expansion of Tregs, a process that is partially dependent on the activation of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway by the transfer of TGF-beta, Smad2, and Smad4. tregs 97-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 33733738-11 2021 ESC-sEVs modulate neuroinflammation and protect against ischemic stroke through the expansion of Tregs, a process that is partially dependent on the activation of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway by the transfer of TGF-beta, Smad2, and Smad4. tregs 97-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-226 33573471-2 2021 In the present study, we examined the potential of transferring a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector carrying a sequence for the highly chondroregenerative transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) using poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) films functionalized via the grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) in chondrogenically competent bone marrow aspirates as future targets for therapy in cartilage lesions. polycaprolactone 247-250 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 33573471-2 2021 In the present study, we examined the potential of transferring a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector carrying a sequence for the highly chondroregenerative transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) using poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) films functionalized via the grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) in chondrogenically competent bone marrow aspirates as future targets for therapy in cartilage lesions. poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) 293-323 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 33573471-2 2021 In the present study, we examined the potential of transferring a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector carrying a sequence for the highly chondroregenerative transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) using poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) films functionalized via the grafting of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) (pNaSS) in chondrogenically competent bone marrow aspirates as future targets for therapy in cartilage lesions. pnass 325-330 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 33922395-7 2021 Moreover, ellagic acid (EA) inhibited the TGF-beta signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo by reducing Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 expression and thereby resensitized GCB sensitivity. Ellagic Acid 10-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 33922395-7 2021 Moreover, ellagic acid (EA) inhibited the TGF-beta signaling pathway both in vitro and in vivo by reducing Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4 expression and thereby resensitized GCB sensitivity. Ellagic Acid 24-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 33834754-3 2021 To activate NK cell-based immuno-chemotherapy and enhance the tumor retention, we proposed a pH-responsive self-aggregated nanoparticle for the codelivery of chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad3 signaling pathway inhibitor SIS3. Doxorubicin 175-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 33834754-3 2021 To activate NK cell-based immuno-chemotherapy and enhance the tumor retention, we proposed a pH-responsive self-aggregated nanoparticle for the codelivery of chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad3 signaling pathway inhibitor SIS3. Doxorubicin 188-191 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 33911182-8 2021 Nanaomycin K (50 microg/mL) also significantly inhibited cell migration in KK47 (p < 0.01) and T24 (p < 0.01), and induced apoptosis in both cell lines in the presence of TGF-beta (p < 0.01). nanaomycin k 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 33416889-5 2021 Paricalcitol treatment reduced renal collagen I and renal interstitial fibrosis by decreasing the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through renal changes in renin, ATR1 and ATR2 mRNAs levels and renal inflammation by decreasing renal inflammatory leukocytes (CD45), ADAM17 mRNA, TGF-beta mRNA and protein and maintaining E-cadherin mRNA levels. paricalcitol 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 300-308 33891717-16 2021 GSEA showed that these genes are mainly related to "inflammatory response", "complement", "interferon-alpha response", "IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling", "TGF-beta signaling", "IL2/STAT5 signaling" and "TNF-alpha signaling via NF-kappaB". gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 33922395-8 2021 In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT contributes to GCB resistance in bladder cancer by reducing GCB influx and also elucidate the novel mechanisms of EA-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT to overcome GCB resistance. gemcitabine 85-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 33922395-8 2021 In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT contributes to GCB resistance in bladder cancer by reducing GCB influx and also elucidate the novel mechanisms of EA-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT to overcome GCB resistance. Ellagic Acid 184-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 33922395-8 2021 In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT contributes to GCB resistance in bladder cancer by reducing GCB influx and also elucidate the novel mechanisms of EA-mediated inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad-induced EMT to overcome GCB resistance. Ellagic Acid 184-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 33880743-0 2021 Role of pirfenidone in TGF-beta pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: a theoretical perspective. pirfenidone 8-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-31 33677350-4 2021 In this study, the effectiveness of 13c in transforming growth factor (TGF-beta)-exposed U87MG cells was investigated using western blotting, immunofluorescence assays, cell migration assay, invasion assay, and RT-PCR analysis. Carbon-13 36-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 33880743-3 2021 TGF-beta, by internalization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), suppresses the anti-oxidant system, downregulates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and activates the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Sodium 47-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33880743-6 2021 DRUG SUGGESTION: Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic drug with an anti-oxidant activity that can prevent lung injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the maturation process of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and enhancing the protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). pirfenidone 17-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33937014-19 2021 The GSEA enrichment analysis showed that high SP1 expression positively correlates with TGF-beta signaling and inflammatory response, while negatively correlates with TNF-alpha signaling via NFKB. gsea 4-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 33857297-4 2021 Differential expression analysis revealed 512 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their pathway enrichment revealed 13 highly perturbed singalling pathways in lapatinib resistance, including PI3K-AKT, Chemokine, Hippo and TGF-$\beta $ singalling pathways. Lapatinib 165-174 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-238 33862115-0 2021 Corilagin alleviates hypertrophic scars via inhibiting the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad signal pathway. corilagin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-96 33786590-6 2021 RNA-seq analysis showed that roscovitine treatment repressed the transcription of a broad set of pro-inflammatory genes involved in many aspects of inflammation, including cytokine production and immune cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited the TGF-beta signaling pathway and the biological process of tissue remodeling. Roscovitine 29-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 255-263 33677350-6 2021 Furthermore, 13c markedly suppressed TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion in U87MG cells. Carbon-13 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 33865034-8 2021 The 8q is found to be strong antiangiogenic agent against IGF1, VEGF and TGFbeta; while 8 L has showed activity against TNFalpha, VEGF, and Leptin inhibition. 8q 4-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-80 33845140-10 2021 GSEA showed that it is mainly involved in the ECM-receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway, which promote the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-80 33976746-0 2021 Dextran Sulfate Effects EMT of Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Reducing HIF-1alpha/ TGF-beta. Dextran Sulfate 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 33508280-9 2021 In addition, COP treatment remarkably suppressed the levels of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), adhesion molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-17), while enhanced IL-10 and TGF-beta. coptisine 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-227 33836179-8 2021 Furthermore, combined recombinant EC-SOD and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment synergistically elevated collagen production via activation of TGF-beta in human dermal fibroblasts. Dihydrotestosterone 45-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33836179-8 2021 Furthermore, combined recombinant EC-SOD and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment synergistically elevated collagen production via activation of TGF-beta in human dermal fibroblasts. Dihydrotestosterone 66-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33378699-4 2021 High glucose stimulates several fibrogenic pathways, triggering reactive oxygen species generation, stimulating neurohumoral responses, activating growth factor cascades (such as TGF-beta/Smad3 and PDGFs), inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, generating advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and stimulating the AGE-RAGE axis, and upregulating fibrogenic matricellular proteins. Glucose 5-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-187 33141769-2 2021 In this study, we examined the antifibrotic effect of metformin as a suppressor of TGF-beta signaling pathways in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and keloid spheroids. Metformin 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 33141769-9 2021 These findings indicated that metformin inhibits the expression of ECM components in TGF-beta-stimulated HDFs and keloid spheroids. Metformin 30-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 33571402-7 2021 Arsenic trioxide was predicted to induce fibrosis by AP1-driven TGFbeta expression and MMP2-driven TGFbeta activation. Arsenic Trioxide 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32020849-0 2021 Cisplatin inhibits the proliferation of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells via the miR-376c/TGFA pathway. Cisplatin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-87 32020849-1 2021 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) gene is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of various tumors, but its role in cell sensitivity to cisplatin chemotherapy is unclear. Cisplatin 148-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-38 32020849-11 2021 TGFA mRNA and protein expression in Saos-2 cells significantly decreased with increasing cisplatin concentrations (2.5-10 mg/L). Cisplatin 89-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-4 32020849-12 2021 Transfection with TGFA ORF clone reversed the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on Saos-2 cell proliferation. Cisplatin 68-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-22 32020849-15 2021 Overall, cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of Saos-2 cells by upregulating miR-376c and downregulating TGFA expression. Cisplatin 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-111 33571402-7 2021 Arsenic trioxide was predicted to induce fibrosis by AP1-driven TGFbeta expression and MMP2-driven TGFbeta activation. Arsenic Trioxide 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-106 33578085-8 2021 The colloidal mercuric formulation upregulated the expression of TGF-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, due to the presence of arsenic and other organic compounds such as piperine. Arsenic 118-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 33578085-8 2021 The colloidal mercuric formulation upregulated the expression of TGF-beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, due to the presence of arsenic and other organic compounds such as piperine. piperine 162-170 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 32813021-17 2021 Furthermore, our findings suggest that a novel combination of temozolomide with a TGF-beta inhibitor may serve as an effective therapy for glioblastomas. Temozolomide 62-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 33674749-6 2021 We also showed in unique chemoresistant TNBC cells isolated from patient-derived TNBC brain metastasis that dual TGF-beta and AURKA pharmacologic targeting reversed cancer plasticity and enhanced the sensitivity of TNBC cells to DTX-based-chemotherapy. Docetaxel 229-232 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 33686239-3 2021 We hypothesized that resistance to ETC inhibitors from the biguanide class could be induced by inactivation of SMAD4, an important tumor suppressor involved in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling, and associated with altered mitochondrial activity. Biguanides 59-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-200 33686239-4 2021 Here we show that, paradoxically, both TGFbeta-treatment and the loss of SMAD4, a downstream member of TGFbeta signaling cascade, induce resistance to biguanides, decrease mitochondrial respiration, and fragment the mitochondrial network. Biguanides 151-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-46 33686239-4 2021 Here we show that, paradoxically, both TGFbeta-treatment and the loss of SMAD4, a downstream member of TGFbeta signaling cascade, induce resistance to biguanides, decrease mitochondrial respiration, and fragment the mitochondrial network. Biguanides 151-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-110 33686239-6 2021 Interestingly, mitochondria-targeted tamoxifen, a complex I inhibitor under clinical trial, overcomes resistance mediated by SMAD4-deficiency or TGFbeta signaling. Tamoxifen 37-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-152 33881940-10 2021 GSEA demonstrated that six KEGG pathways, including PPAR signaling, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, MAPK signaling, TGF-beta signaling, and Gap junction pathways were differentially enriched in the high expression APLN phenotype. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 33849824-7 2021 Amentoflavone down-regulated the mRNA expressions of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, up-regulated mRNA expressions of IL-8 and TGF-beta mRNA (P < 0.05), and increased the protein expressions of PPAR-alpha/gamma, Arg-1 and Fizz1. amentoflavone 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 33252490-2 2021 We hypothesized that the angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan would reduce inflammation by mitigating NFkappaB responses and promote T-cell recovery via inhibition of TGFbeta mediated fibrosis. Losartan 60-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-181 33724614-5 2021 We found a significant increase in the number of Treg cell, expression levels of FoxP3, miRNAs (miR-17 and miR-27), IL-10, and TGF-beta factors in patients after Oxygen-Ozone (O2-O3) therapy compared to before treatment. oxygen ozone 162-174 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 33724614-5 2021 We found a significant increase in the number of Treg cell, expression levels of FoxP3, miRNAs (miR-17 and miR-27), IL-10, and TGF-beta factors in patients after Oxygen-Ozone (O2-O3) therapy compared to before treatment. o2-o3 176-181 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 33749469-9 2021 Difference in the expression of the TNF-alpha and TGF-beta genes showed that the group that received a high dose of magnesium had a decrease in TNF-alpha and RNL, an improvement in well-being with a tendency to increase muscle strength and less tumor progression according to the days of treatment. Magnesium 116-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33801157-2 2021 TGF-beta elicits its biological effects through membrane bound serine/threonine kinase receptors which transmit their signals via downstream signalling molecules, SMADs, which regulate the transcription of target genes in collaboration with various co-activators and co-repressors. Serine 63-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33712026-13 2021 GSEA results showed that many cancer-related signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway were enriched in high-risk group. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 33723310-0 2021 The effects of resveratrol on the expression of VEGF, TGF-beta, and MMP-9 in endometrial stromal cells of women with endometriosis. Resveratrol 15-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 33723310-5 2021 Also, resveratrol treatment decreased the gene and protein expression of VEGF and MMP-9 in EuESCs, EESCs and CESCs (P < 0.05 to < 0.01 and P < 0.05 to < 0.01 respectively) and gene and protein expression of TGF-beta in EESCs and EuESCs (P < 0.05 to < 0.01). Resveratrol 6-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-217 33723310-7 2021 According to the findings, resveratrol may ameliorate endometriosis progression through reducing the expression of VEGF, TGF-beta, and MMP-9 in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Resveratrol 27-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 33723405-0 2021 MiR-151-3p transferred by cancer-associated fibroblast-derived extracellular vesicles promotes osteosarcoma progression through the CHL1/integrin 1beta/TGF-beta axis. mir-151-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 33723405-7 2021 CAF-EVs mediated the CHL1/integrin 1beta axis through miR-151-3p to regulate the TGF-beta pathway and then promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of OS cells. caf-evs 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-89 33723405-8 2021 Our in vivo results confirmed that EV secretion of miR-151-3p activated the TGF-beta pathway through the CHL1/integrin 1beta axis to promote the proliferation of OS cells and increase tumor volume and weight. mir-151-3p 51-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 33307448-7 2021 Notably, H2S exposure induces oxidative stress and activates the TGF-beta pathway, which are collectively regulated by the miR-15b-5p/TGFBR3 axis. Deuterium 9-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 33711324-11 2021 Simvastatin inhibited POVPC-induced EndMT by decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing TGF-beta/Smad signaling, and inactivating Snail-1 and Twist-1. Simvastatin 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 33464242-5 2021 Pirfenidone fully remodeled the DTME through inhibiting the expression of CAFs, hyaluronan and collagen I, thereby reducing IFP, eliminating the immunosuppressive microenvironment by decreasing the expression of TGF-beta, and increasing the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. pirfenidone 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33464242-5 2021 Pirfenidone fully remodeled the DTME through inhibiting the expression of CAFs, hyaluronan and collagen I, thereby reducing IFP, eliminating the immunosuppressive microenvironment by decreasing the expression of TGF-beta, and increasing the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. DITHIO-BIS-MALEIMIDOETHANE 32-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33675608-0 2021 Stachydrine inhibits TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the TGF-beta/Smad and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. stachydrine 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 33883985-5 2021 Tranilast alone or in combination with 5-FU inhibited tumor growth and was associated with a reduction of TGF-beta expression and CD31 positive endothelial cells. Fluorouracil 39-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 33514282-4 2021 Exposure of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP1 macrophages to the secretome of CSF conditioned ADSCs downregulated both pro-inflammatory (COX-2, TNFalpha) and anti-inflammatory (SOCS3, IL1RA, TGFbeta) genes in these cells. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 12-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-222 33514282-4 2021 Exposure of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP1 macrophages to the secretome of CSF conditioned ADSCs downregulated both pro-inflammatory (COX-2, TNFalpha) and anti-inflammatory (SOCS3, IL1RA, TGFbeta) genes in these cells. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 45-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-222 33688170-0 2021 Dihydroartemisinin Inhibits TGF-beta-Induced Fibrosis in Human Tenon Fibroblasts via Inducing Autophagy. artenimol 0-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 33676893-5 2021 Specifically, we discovered that NLK associates with Smad3 and phosphorylates the designated serine residues located in the linker region of Smad2 and Smad3, which inhibits phosphorylation at the C-terminus, thereby decreasing the duration of TGF-beta signaling. Serine 93-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 243-251 33688170-7 2021 Results: The results revealed that TGF-beta promoted the proliferation and fibrosis of HTFs; however, DHA significantly reversed the effects of TGF-beta by increasing cell autophagy. artenimol 102-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33688170-8 2021 In addition, DHA notably induced the apoptosis of TGF-beta-stimulated HTFs by increasing the ROS levels, while these increases were partially reversed by 3-methyladenine. artenimol 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33688170-8 2021 In addition, DHA notably induced the apoptosis of TGF-beta-stimulated HTFs by increasing the ROS levels, while these increases were partially reversed by 3-methyladenine. Reactive Oxygen Species 93-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33688170-8 2021 In addition, DHA notably induced the apoptosis of TGF-beta-stimulated HTFs by increasing the ROS levels, while these increases were partially reversed by 3-methyladenine. 3-methyladenine 154-169 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33688170-10 2021 Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that DHA inhibits the TGF-beta-induced fibrosis of HTFs by inducing autophagy. artenimol 48-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 33643762-0 2021 Cordifolioside: potent inhibitor against Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 and immunomodulatory through human TGF-beta and TNF-alpha. cordifolioside 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-103 33325804-6 2021 Moreover, TGF-beta1-induced activation of FYN involves initial activation of NOX4 and direct cysteine oxidation of FYN, and both FYN and mtROS contribute to TGF-beta-induced induction of NOX4. Cysteine 93-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-18 33785718-9 2021 Melanin did not affect TGF-beta expression while cisplatin caused 13-fold downregulation of TGF-beta. Cisplatin 49-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 33433355-0 2021 Halofuginone regulates keloid fibroblast fibrotic response to TGF-beta induction. halofuginone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 32767899-7 2021 VH298 and KC7F2 upregulated and downregulated the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta, respectively, suggesting that HIF-1alpha upregulates and downregulates the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta in HTFs under hypoxia, respectively. VH298 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 32767899-7 2021 VH298 and KC7F2 upregulated and downregulated the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta, respectively, suggesting that HIF-1alpha upregulates and downregulates the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta in HTFs under hypoxia, respectively. VH298 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 32767899-7 2021 VH298 and KC7F2 upregulated and downregulated the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta, respectively, suggesting that HIF-1alpha upregulates and downregulates the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta in HTFs under hypoxia, respectively. KC7f2 10-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 32767899-7 2021 VH298 and KC7F2 upregulated and downregulated the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta, respectively, suggesting that HIF-1alpha upregulates and downregulates the levels of VEGF and TGF-beta in HTFs under hypoxia, respectively. KC7f2 10-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 33429317-6 2021 In addition, these BaP-induced fibrotic changes are reduced by TGF-beta antagonist, suggesting an alternative pathway of BaP toxicity is different from other PAH/AHR signaling pathways. Benzo(a)pyrene 19-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-71 33429317-6 2021 In addition, these BaP-induced fibrotic changes are reduced by TGF-beta antagonist, suggesting an alternative pathway of BaP toxicity is different from other PAH/AHR signaling pathways. Benzo(a)pyrene 121-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-71 33300198-0 2021 TGF-beta acts as a dual regulator of COX-2/PGE2 tumor promotion depending of its cross-interaction with H-Ras and Wnt/ beta-catenin pathways in colorectal cancer cells. Dinoprostone 43-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33300198-11 2021 This shows TGF-beta dual regulation over COX-2/PGE2 tumor promotion depending on the H-Ras and Wnt/ beta-catenin pathways activation status in intestinal cancer cells. Dinoprostone 47-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 33781450-0 2021 Ligustroflavone ameliorates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis through down-regulating the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. ligustroflavone 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 33785718-10 2021 The combined use of cisplatin and melanin decreased TGF-beta expression by 6.5 times. Cisplatin 20-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 33785718-10 2021 The combined use of cisplatin and melanin decreased TGF-beta expression by 6.5 times. Melanins 34-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 33785718-14 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Melanin, cisplatin, and combination of both agents affect significantly TLR4, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, INF-gamma expression, cell cycle distribution and morphology in T24/83 cells suggesting their transition to less aggressive phenotype. Melanins 13-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 33785718-14 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Melanin, cisplatin, and combination of both agents affect significantly TLR4, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, INF-gamma expression, cell cycle distribution and morphology in T24/83 cells suggesting their transition to less aggressive phenotype. Cisplatin 22-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 33359532-0 2021 Melatonin Treatment Alters Biological and Immunomodulatory Properties of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via Augmented TGFbeta Secretion. Melatonin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-135 33392972-6 2021 Inhibitors of TGF-beta and ERK partially attenuated dasatinib-induced EndMT. Dasatinib 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 33418245-0 2021 Coenzyme Q10 attenuates inflammation and fibrosis implicated in radiation enteropathy through suppression of NF-kB/TGF-beta/MMP-9 pathways. coenzyme Q10 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 33359532-7 2021 Importantly, melatonin treatment (100 muM) significantly increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGFbeta (*P<.05, **P<.01) and provokes a more robust anti-proliferative effect on mitogen-stimulated T cells (*P<.05). Melatonin 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-122 33478870-2 2021 Although sharing a similar protein structure, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members exert divergent functions in regulating EVT invasion, which contributes to a relative balance of TGF-beta superfamily proteins in precisely modulating this process at the maternal-fetal interface during the first trimester of pregnancy. EVT 153-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 33064167-11 2021 Additionally, TGFbeta led to increased cell stiffness and adhesion, which were reversed by mesalazine treatment. Mesalamine 91-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33478870-5 2021 The application of 3D culture trophoblast organoids, single-cell sequencing, and microfluidic assays in EVT invasion studies will help better reveal the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-beta superfamily members regulate human EVT invasion, shedding light on the development of innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, treating, and preventing adverse human pregnancy outcomes related to EVT invasion dysfunction. EVT 104-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 33478870-5 2021 The application of 3D culture trophoblast organoids, single-cell sequencing, and microfluidic assays in EVT invasion studies will help better reveal the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-beta superfamily members regulate human EVT invasion, shedding light on the development of innovative strategies for predicting, diagnosing, treating, and preventing adverse human pregnancy outcomes related to EVT invasion dysfunction. EVT 232-235 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 33640015-9 2021 RESULTS: We found that expression of TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and Col22A1, a TGFbeta-responsive gene, is induced in response to E2 stimulation. Estradiol 123-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-44 33646466-9 2021 Inhibition of TGFbeta receptor-mediated signaling by SB431542 abrogated 7KC-induced loss of endothelial and increase in mesenchymal proteins in association with decreased transcription factor, SMAD3. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 53-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33640015-3 2021 Yet the regulation of TGFbeta in E2-induced dermal fibrosis remains ill-defined. Estradiol 33-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-29 33600572-0 2021 Expression of Concern: Cajanonic acid A regulates the ratio of Th17/Treg via inhibition of expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. cajanonic acid a 23-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 33670808-0 2021 Neoagarooligosaccharide Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. neoagarooligosaccharide 0-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 33620119-7 2021 Moreover, a reduction in the expression of PRRX1 and downregulation of important proteins of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway was observed after miR-485-5p overexpression. mir-485-5p 176-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-137 33670717-4 2021 Under CAF-inducing conditions, like hypoxia or cancer cell co-cultures, p62 ablation or autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) impaired CAF activation and reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) production, which impeded tumor growth. Hydroxychloroquine 134-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 208-215 33714286-0 2021 Astragaloside IV attenuates TGF-beta-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing NLRP3 expression in vitro. astragaloside 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 33691361-11 2021 GSEA showed that SETD2 was involved in G2M checkpoint, E2F targets, MYC signaling pathways, protein secretion, mitotic spindle, MTORC1 pathway, TGF-beta pathway, androgen response and uv response. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33670717-4 2021 Under CAF-inducing conditions, like hypoxia or cancer cell co-cultures, p62 ablation or autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) impaired CAF activation and reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) production, which impeded tumor growth. Hydroxychloroquine 114-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 208-215 33680983-0 2020 IL-10 and TGF-beta Induced Arginase Expression Contributes to Deficient Nitric Oxide Response in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis. Nitric Oxide 72-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-18 33670808-5 2021 NAOs ameliorated PAI-1, alpha-SMA, CTGF and fibronectin protein expression and decreased mRNA levels of fibrogenic genes in TGF-beta-treated LX-2 cells. naos 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 33670808-6 2021 Furthermore, downstream of TGF-beta, the Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by NAOs in LX-2 cells. naos 81-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 33593403-11 2021 In vitro experiments showed that YM101 effectively counteracted the biological effects of TGF-beta and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, including activating Smad signaling, inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immunosuppression. ym101 33-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 33593403-15 2021 CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that YM101 could simultaneously block TGF-beta and PD-L1 pathways and had a superior anti-tumor effect compared to the monotherapies. ym101 42-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 33359646-8 2021 In addition, DB administration improved histoarchitecture of obstructed kidney, inhibited TGF-beta and SNAI2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program. Dabigatran 13-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 33594316-10 2021 Therefore, BBR protects H/R-treated cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad4 signaling pathway. Berberine 11-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 33594316-10 2021 Therefore, BBR protects H/R-treated cardiomyocytes from apoptosis by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad4 signaling pathway. Arginine 13-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 33668422-4 2021 In vitro experiments using mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts confirmed that blockade of autophagy with Bafilomycin A1 inhibited fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. bafilomycin A1 105-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-217 33373654-0 2021 A Rho kinase inhibitor (Fasudil) suppresses TGF-beta mediated autophagy in urethra fibroblasts to attenuate traumatic urethral stricture (TUS) through re-activating Akt/mTOR pathway: An in vitro study. fasudil 24-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 33373654-1 2021 AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mediated super-activation of urethra fibroblasts contributes to the progression of traumatic urethral stricture (TUS), and the Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, Fasudil, might be a novel therapeutic agent for TUS, but the underlying mechanisms had not been studied. fasudil 210-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 33373654-6 2021 In addition, TGF-beta treatment decreased the expression levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and mTOR (p-mTOR) to inactivate the Akt/mTOR pathway in the PUFs, which could be re-activated by Fasudil. fasudil 191-198 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 33373654-7 2021 Then, the fibroblasts were treated with the Pan-Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068), and we surprisingly found that GDC-0068 abrogated the inhibiting effects of Fasudil on cell autophagy and proliferation in the PUFs treated with TGF-beta. ipatasertib 105-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-227 33373654-7 2021 Then, the fibroblasts were treated with the Pan-Akt inhibitor (GDC-0068), and we surprisingly found that GDC-0068 abrogated the inhibiting effects of Fasudil on cell autophagy and proliferation in the PUFs treated with TGF-beta. fasudil 150-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-227 33373654-8 2021 SIGNIFICANCE: Fasudil regulated Akt/mTOR pathway mediated autophagy to hamper TGF-beta-mediated super-activation in PUFs, which supported that Fasudil might be an ideal candidate therapeutic agent for TUS treatment for clinical utilization. fasudil 14-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 33539321-8 2021 Taken together, these results suggest that GV1001, which suppresses TGF-beta-mediated EMT by outcompeting testosterone for binding to AR, is a potential therapeutic drug for BPH accompanied by prostatic fibrosis. Testosterone 106-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 33634112-0 2021 Exosomal miR-128-3p Promotes Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting FOXO4 via TGF-beta/SMAD and JAK/STAT3 Signaling. mir-128-3p 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 33634112-7 2021 Mechanistically, miR-128-3p overexpression downregulated the expression of FOXO4 and induced the activation of TGF-beta/SMAD and JAK/STAT3 signaling in CRC cells and xenografted tumors, which led to EMT. mir-128-3p 17-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 33556618-0 2021 Antifibrotic effects of Hypocrellin A combined with LED red light irradiation on Keloid Fibroblasts by counteracting the TGF-beta/Smad/autophagy/apoptosis signalling pathway. hypocrellin A 24-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 33628309-9 2021 Additionally, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting for probing the expression of TGF-beta and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 showed that punicalin could relieve the OGD/R-induced TGF-beta/Smad pathway. punicalin 131-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 33628309-9 2021 Additionally, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting for probing the expression of TGF-beta and p-Smad2/p-Smad3 showed that punicalin could relieve the OGD/R-induced TGF-beta/Smad pathway. punicalin 131-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 33628309-10 2021 Furthermore, the TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor of LY2157299 was employed to confirm that the TGF-beta/Smad pathway is crucial to the effect of punicalin. LY-2157299 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 33628309-10 2021 Furthermore, the TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor of LY2157299 was employed to confirm that the TGF-beta/Smad pathway is crucial to the effect of punicalin. LY-2157299 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-103 33628309-12 2021 Conclusion: Punicalin, an active component from Punica granatum L., was identified as a protective agent to alleviate the OGD/R-induced cell injury, which could exert the protective effect via TGF-beta/Smad pathway-regulated oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in SH-SY5Y cells. punicalin 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-201 33567502-11 2021 Acrylamide induced histone H3K4 and H3K36 tri-methylation in an SDHA promoter and increased mitophagy-related PINK1 expression, which promoted a M2-like phenotypic switch with increase TGF-beta and CCL2 levels in THP-1 cells. Acrylamide 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-193 33614662-7 2021 Rapamycin mitigated these effects by activation of the classical TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and increasing the transcriptional activity of MAPK/AP-1. Sirolimus 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 33547050-1 2021 Treg-specific ablation of TGF-beta clarifies the complicated role of Treg-derived TGF-beta in immunosuppression in vivo. treg 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 33547050-1 2021 Treg-specific ablation of TGF-beta clarifies the complicated role of Treg-derived TGF-beta in immunosuppression in vivo. treg 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 33547050-1 2021 Treg-specific ablation of TGF-beta clarifies the complicated role of Treg-derived TGF-beta in immunosuppression in vivo. treg 69-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 33547050-1 2021 Treg-specific ablation of TGF-beta clarifies the complicated role of Treg-derived TGF-beta in immunosuppression in vivo. treg 69-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 32914382-6 2021 Additionally, tadalafil ebbed transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, its canonical (SMAD-3/alpha smooth muscle actin [alpha-SMA] and Snail), and non-canonical (p-Akt/p-Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) a) pathways. Tadalafil 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-67 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). Heparin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). Heparitin Sulfate 12-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). Heparitin Sulfate 29-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). Polysaccharides 53-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). follistatin 288 252-267 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33197333-1 2021 Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are highly sulfated polysaccharides covalently bound to cell surface proteins, which directly interact with many extracellular proteins, including the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) family ligand antagonist, follistatin 288 (FS288). fs288 269-274 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 33597925-3 2020 Both simvastatin and Y-27632 inhibited TGF-beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, which serves as a marker of fibrosis. Simvastatin 5-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 33597925-3 2020 Both simvastatin and Y-27632 inhibited TGF-beta-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, which serves as a marker of fibrosis. Y 27632 21-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 33597925-4 2020 The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on TGF-beta-induced RhoA, ROCK1, and alpha-SMA expression could be reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Simvastatin 25-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 33597925-4 2020 The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on TGF-beta-induced RhoA, ROCK1, and alpha-SMA expression could be reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate 116-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 33597925-4 2020 The inhibitory effect of simvastatin on TGF-beta-induced RhoA, ROCK1, and alpha-SMA expression could be reversed by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Cholesterol 185-196 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 33597925-6 2020 Furthermore, simvastatin and Y-27632 suppressed TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Simvastatin 13-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 33597925-6 2020 Furthermore, simvastatin and Y-27632 suppressed TGF-beta-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Y 27632 29-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 33597925-8 2020 These results suggested that simvastatin inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast differentiation via suppression of the RhoA/ROCK/ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Simvastatin 29-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33597970-7 2021 mRNA expression analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas database revealed that RPGRIP1L was highly expressed in several cancer types, especially in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and correlated with patient survival and sensitivity to paclitaxel, probably through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Paclitaxel 230-240 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 263-271 32914382-0 2021 MiR-200a inversely correlates with Hedgehog and TGF-beta canonical/non-canonical trajectories to orchestrate the anti-fibrotic effect of Tadalafil in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Tadalafil 137-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 32914382-10 2021 In conclusion, our study has highlighted the involvement of miR-200a in the anti-fibrotic effect of tadalafil with the inhibition of SHH hub and the pro-fibrotic pathways (TGF-beta/ SMAD-3/alpha-SMA, Snail and p-AKT/p-FOXO3a). Tadalafil 100-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-180 33268571-3 2021 Here, we combined galunisertib, an oral TGF-beta inhibitor, with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and assessed safety, efficacy and immunological correlatives. LY-2157299 18-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 33340783-4 2021 Here, we identified that pectolinarigenin (PEC), as a natural flavonoid and a reported STAT3 inhibitor, dose-dependently suppressed TGFbeta/SMADs activity in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter assay. pectolinarigenin 25-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-139 33340783-4 2021 Here, we identified that pectolinarigenin (PEC), as a natural flavonoid and a reported STAT3 inhibitor, dose-dependently suppressed TGFbeta/SMADs activity in HEK293 cells by luciferase reporter assay. pectolinarigenin 43-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-139 33318076-1 2021 The arginyl-glycinyl-aspartic acid (RGD) integrin alpha-v beta-6 (alphavbeta6) has been identified as playing a key role in the activation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) that is hypothesised to be pivotal in the development of fibrosis and other diseases. arginyl-glycinyl-aspartic acid 4-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 175-182 33318076-1 2021 The arginyl-glycinyl-aspartic acid (RGD) integrin alpha-v beta-6 (alphavbeta6) has been identified as playing a key role in the activation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) that is hypothesised to be pivotal in the development of fibrosis and other diseases. arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid 36-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 175-182 33318076-5 2021 Following washout, the alphavbeta6 cell surface re-population was faster for SC-68448 compared with compound 1 In addition, alphavbeta6-dependent release of active TGFbeta from NHBE cells was inhibited by compound 1 and SC-68448. SC 68448 77-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-171 33318076-5 2021 Following washout, the alphavbeta6 cell surface re-population was faster for SC-68448 compared with compound 1 In addition, alphavbeta6-dependent release of active TGFbeta from NHBE cells was inhibited by compound 1 and SC-68448. SC 68448 220-228 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-171 33318076-6 2021 After washout of SC-68448, release of active TGFbeta was restored, whereas after washout of compound 1 the inhibition of TGFbeta activation was maintained and only reversible in the presence of a lysosomal inhibitor (chloroquine). SC 68448 17-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-52 33318076-6 2021 After washout of SC-68448, release of active TGFbeta was restored, whereas after washout of compound 1 the inhibition of TGFbeta activation was maintained and only reversible in the presence of a lysosomal inhibitor (chloroquine). Chloroquine 217-228 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-128 33406939-0 2021 Mifepristone regulates Tregs function mediated by dendritic cells through suppressing the expression of TGF-beta. Mifepristone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 33406939-0 2021 Mifepristone regulates Tregs function mediated by dendritic cells through suppressing the expression of TGF-beta. tregs 23-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 33406939-9 2021 Furthermore, a significant reduce in IDO and TGF-beta expression was observed in DCs treated with mifepristone. Mifepristone 98-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 33406939-10 2021 By using the IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan, 1-MT) or TGF-b supplement, we confirmed that TGF-beta, but not IDO could rescue the downregulation of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs co-cultured with mifepristone treated DCs. 1-methyltryptophan 28-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 33406939-10 2021 By using the IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan, 1-MT) or TGF-b supplement, we confirmed that TGF-beta, but not IDO could rescue the downregulation of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs co-cultured with mifepristone treated DCs. tregs 170-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 33406939-10 2021 By using the IDO inhibitor (1-methyl tryptophan, 1-MT) or TGF-b supplement, we confirmed that TGF-beta, but not IDO could rescue the downregulation of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs co-cultured with mifepristone treated DCs. Mifepristone 193-205 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 33406939-11 2021 All of these results suggest that mifepristone may regulate DC function by decreasing TGF-beta expression, which further results in the downregulations of FOXP3 and IL-10 in Tregs. Mifepristone 34-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 33334656-10 2021 RESULTS: IL-17A blocked the suppressive function of Tregs, possibly by inhibiting the release of TGF-beta and promoting the production of IFN-gamma. tregs 52-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 33168642-6 2021 Regulation of OATP1A2 by the TGF-beta/ALK1 pathway was evaluated using bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9), a selective ALK1 agonist, and LDN193189, an ALK1 antagonist. LDN 193189 139-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 32583064-9 2021 Identifying and understanding the mechanisms by which glycosylation affects TGF-beta signaling and downstream biological responses will facilitate the identification of glycans as biomarkers and enable novel therapeutic approaches. Polysaccharides 169-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 33308900-7 2021 During this process, administration with astragaloside IV restrained the high expression of high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) and TLR4 in macrophages co-cultured with ovarian cancer cells, concomitant with decreases in release of M2 marker TGF-beta, MMP-9 and IL-10. astragaloside 41-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 239-247 32311700-6 2021 RESULTS: Baseline TGF-beta and second and third trimesters IFN-beta and IL-2 were associated with baseline 25(OH)D. 25(oh)d 107-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 33524223-9 2021 In addition, when SASP-CM from Dox treated cells were applied onto hIPSC derived hepatocytes, senescence was induced in hepatocytes along with an increased expression of TGF-beta, KLF4 and AXIN2. Doxorubicin 31-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 170-178 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 245-253 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 338-346 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 338-346 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 245-253 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 338-346 32311700-12 2021 IMPACT: In this vitamin D supplementation clinical trial, baseline (first trimester) but not increasing plasma 25(OH)D concentration impacted select plasma immune-mediator profiles in pregnant women.Baseline 25(OH)D was associated with baseline TGF-beta and with IFN-gamma and IL-2 at second and third trimesters.Baseline IFN-gamma, CRP, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, VEGF, IL-2, and IL-4 were associated with concentrations at second and third trimesters for respective immune-mediators; however, 25(OH)D concentration at second and third trimesters were not.Some racial differences existed in immune-mediator concentrations at baseline and at second and third trimesters.This study assesses the impact of vitamin D supplementation on multiple immune-mediators in pregnant women of different racial/ethnic groups using longitudinal data from a relatively large randomized controlled trial.This study found that race was associated with baseline TGF-beta, VEGF, and IL-10 and with IL-10 at second and third trimesters, a novel finding that sheds light where relationships were less well defined.The results of this study suggest that vitamin D supplementation before conception or early in pregnancy, rather than during pregnancy, may be necessary to significantly impact immune-mediator response.This study sets premise for future clinical trials to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation before conception or prior to pregnancy. 25(oh)d 208-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 338-346 33309619-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D can delay hepatic fibrosis by reducing activation of hepatic stellate cells and TGF-beta/Smad signaling through negative regulation of HRC. Vitamin D 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 33510050-5 2021 This reduced MUC5AC expression was restored by a TGFbeta receptor inhibitor (SB431542), but not by the inhibition of NF-kappaB (BAY11-7082 or Triptolide) or PI3K (LY294002) activities. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 77-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 33469053-6 2021 These findings suggest that E2 acts directly on CD8+T cell to suppress cytotoxic activity while P acts indirectly through induction of TGFbeta production. Progesterone 96-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-142 33552055-15 2020 On the contrary, the administration of downstream Trp metabolite 3-HAA, inhibits Th1/Th17 effector cells and promotes Treg response by up-regulating TGF-beta production by dendritic cells, thereby improving EAE. Tryptophan 50-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-157 33559428-8 2021 Silver needle plus loxoprofen sodium was more effective in reducing WOMAC score, TRACP-5b, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta level (P<0.01), and up-regulating BGP, BALP, and TGF-beta level (P<0.01) than loxoprofen. Loxoprofen sodium 19-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 160-168 33559428-8 2021 Silver needle plus loxoprofen sodium was more effective in reducing WOMAC score, TRACP-5b, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta level (P<0.01), and up-regulating BGP, BALP, and TGF-beta level (P<0.01) than loxoprofen. loxoprofen 19-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 160-168 33477984-6 2021 We blocked TGF-beta by neutralizing the antibody and the TGF-beta receptor type I kinase with the inhibitor SB431542. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 108-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 33477984-9 2021 We report here that casein and whey powder caused a robust increase of TGF-beta target genes interleukin11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and proteoglycan4 (PRG4) in gingival fibroblasts that was blocked by SB431542 and the neutralizing antibody. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 207-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 33469053-5 2021 When the actions of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and TGFbeta on EM CD8+T cells were evaluated, cytotoxic activity, perforin and granzymes were directly suppressed by E2 and TGFbeta but not P. Moreover, incubation of polarized EM epithelial cells with P, but not E2, increased TGFbeta secretion. Progesterone 36-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33469053-5 2021 When the actions of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and TGFbeta on EM CD8+T cells were evaluated, cytotoxic activity, perforin and granzymes were directly suppressed by E2 and TGFbeta but not P. Moreover, incubation of polarized EM epithelial cells with P, but not E2, increased TGFbeta secretion. Progesterone 36-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33511129-7 2020 Additional characterization revealed a potential involvement of dysregulated TGF-beta signaling as treatment with either losartan or TGF-beta inhibitors led to the attenuation of adverse effects induced by uremic toxins. Losartan 121-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-85 33469053-5 2021 When the actions of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and TGFbeta on EM CD8+T cells were evaluated, cytotoxic activity, perforin and granzymes were directly suppressed by E2 and TGFbeta but not P. Moreover, incubation of polarized EM epithelial cells with P, but not E2, increased TGFbeta secretion. Estradiol 170-172 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-64 33469053-5 2021 When the actions of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and TGFbeta on EM CD8+T cells were evaluated, cytotoxic activity, perforin and granzymes were directly suppressed by E2 and TGFbeta but not P. Moreover, incubation of polarized EM epithelial cells with P, but not E2, increased TGFbeta secretion. Estradiol 170-172 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33469053-5 2021 When the actions of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and TGFbeta on EM CD8+T cells were evaluated, cytotoxic activity, perforin and granzymes were directly suppressed by E2 and TGFbeta but not P. Moreover, incubation of polarized EM epithelial cells with P, but not E2, increased TGFbeta secretion. Estradiol 170-172 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33613746-10 2021 The CTSS inhibitor-Z-FL-COCHO (ZFL), could attenuate TGF-beta-induced invasive growth as proven by wound healing and transwell assays. zfl 31-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 33613746-15 2021 Conclusion: Z-FL-COCHO (ZFL), a CTSS inhibitor, could reverse TGF-beta-induced EMT and change of tight junction proteins via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. zfl 24-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 33451157-5 2021 The results of protein level showed that p38 MAPK, TGF-beta, and its related SMAD family were activated after H2O2 stimulation. Hydrogen Peroxide 110-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 33510805-0 2021 Ginsenoside Rb3 Alleviates the Toxic Effect of Cisplatin on the Kidney during Its Treatment to Oral Cancer via TGF-beta-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis. Cisplatin 47-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 33510805-1 2021 Objective: The research aimed to confirm the role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in cisplatin- (CPT-) evoked kidney toxicity and elucidate the mechanism that ginsenoside Rb3 (Rb3) could alleviate the kidney toxicity by CPT during its treatment to oral cancer via TGF-beta-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis. Cisplatin 103-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 33428605-7 2021 Transcriptome sequencing analysis of PDAC cells treated with TAM-CM revealed significant enrichment of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway genes. tam-cm 61-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-144 33430867-11 2021 GSEA results revealed that high METTL14 expression was enriched in ERBB pathway, MAPK pathway, mTOR pathway, TGF-beta pathway and Wnt pathway. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 33428605-8 2021 Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis showed that TAM-CM enhanced PDAC migration cells by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through the TGF-beta-Smad2/3/4-Snail signaling axis. tam 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 33428605-9 2021 The pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs or TAM-CM were abolished by TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibitors and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody. tams 31-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 33428605-9 2021 The pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs or TAM-CM were abolished by TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibitors and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody. tams 31-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-127 33428605-9 2021 The pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs or TAM-CM were abolished by TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibitors and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody. tam-cm 39-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 33428605-9 2021 The pro-tumorigenic effects of TAMs or TAM-CM were abolished by TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibitors and neutralizing TGF-beta antibody. tam-cm 39-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-127 33428605-10 2021 These results demonstrate that TAMs promote PDAC progression through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. tams 31-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 33435504-4 2021 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/P-Smad is a major pathway of fibrosis featured with epithelia mesenchymal transformations (EMT) and collagen depositions, accompanying with excessive oxygen-free radicals. Oxygen 188-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-37 33435504-13 2021 Thus, we demonstrate that obacunone is able to attenuate liver fibrosis via enhancing GPx-4 signal and inhibition of the TGF-beta/P-Smad pathway and EMT process. obacunone 26-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 33386784-9 2021 Significantly higher IL22 levels (p = 0.007) and increased ratio of IL22/TGFbeta (p = 0.04) were detected in those with BPA level above 75th percentile (>19.16 ng/ml) compared to the below group. bisphenol A 120-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-80 33418880-5 2021 TGFbeta acts by binding to specific cell surface TGFbeta type I and type II transmembrane receptors that are endowed with serine/threonine kinase activity. Serine 122-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 33418880-5 2021 TGFbeta acts by binding to specific cell surface TGFbeta type I and type II transmembrane receptors that are endowed with serine/threonine kinase activity. Serine 122-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 33406583-11 2021 The PLGA-DEX NPs (0.1 mg/kg) significantly reduced macroscopic and histopathological scores, decreased MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, immunostaining for NF-kappaB, COX-2, TGF-beta, and suppressed NF-kappaB p65 mRNA expression, but increased GILZ and MKP1 expression. Dextromethorphan 9-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 176-184 33428109-9 2021 The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin mitigated TGF-beta-induced expression of p21, p16, and DNA damage foci and improved replicative potential of preadipocytes, supporting the cell-specific response to this cytokine. Sirolimus 19-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 33227702-8 2021 In addition, TAM mitigated TGF-beta-induced fibrosis in human PCKS, irrespective of sex, yet interindividual differences in treatment response were observed. Tamoxifen 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 33099890-9 2021 Curcumin regulates several molecules in the intracellular signal transduction pathways involved in inflammation, including IBB, NF-kBERK1,2, AP-1, TGF-beta, TXNIP, STAT3, PPARgamma, JAK2-STAT3, NLRP3, p38MAPK, Nrf2, Notch-1, AMPK, TLR-4 and MyD-88. Curcumin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 33035717-2 2021 Herein, we proposed a kind of heparanase (HPSE)-driven sequential released nanoparticles, which modified with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) grafted heparin (NLC/H(D + F + S) NPs) co-loading with doxorubicin (DOX), ferrocene (Fc), and TGF-beta receptor inhibitor (SB431542). betadex 110-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 232-240 33035717-2 2021 Herein, we proposed a kind of heparanase (HPSE)-driven sequential released nanoparticles, which modified with beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) grafted heparin (NLC/H(D + F + S) NPs) co-loading with doxorubicin (DOX), ferrocene (Fc), and TGF-beta receptor inhibitor (SB431542). Heparin 146-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 232-240 33035717-5 2021 In extracellular site, SB431542 was sequentially released by HPSE-driven, which blocked tumor metastasis by modulating tumor microenvironment, decreasing TAFs activation, and reducing the secretion of TGF-beta. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 23-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-209 33130126-6 2021 Studies with LX-2 human hepatic stellate cells showed that SPA3014 exerted protective effects by inhibiting TGF-beta-mediated activation of MAPK-Smad2/3 and JAK2-STAT3 pathways and by upregulating PPARgamma expression. spa3014 59-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 33790109-0 2021 Bisacodyl Suppresses TGF-alpha-Induced MUC5AC Production in NCI-H292 Cells. Bisacodyl 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 33790109-4 2021 We found that the laxative bisacodyl suppressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha-induced MUC5AC production in a concentration-dependent manner. Bisacodyl 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-86 33790109-5 2021 Additionally, bisacodyl also suppressed TGF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression in the same concentration range. Bisacodyl 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 33017609-2 2021 In ovarian cancer cells, galloylated catechins were recently demonstrated to target the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-mediated control of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. galloylated catechins 25-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-125 33244122-9 2021 CONCLUSIONS: NCB-0846 pharmacologically blocks the TGFbeta/SMAD signalling and EMT induction of lung cancer cells by transcriptionally downregulating TGFBRI expression, representing a potentially promising approach for prevention of metastasis in lung cancer patients. NCB-0846 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-58 33262814-9 2021 However, shikonin significantly inhibited fibrosis, as indicated by a decrease in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen-I in the TGF-beta + shikonin group compared with the TGF-beta group. shikonin 9-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-156 33262814-9 2021 However, shikonin significantly inhibited fibrosis, as indicated by a decrease in the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen-I in the TGF-beta + shikonin group compared with the TGF-beta group. shikonin 159-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-156 33093219-7 2021 In vivo, dual blockade of activin A and TGFbeta was required to decrease intratumoral Tregs in the context of radiation. tregs 86-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-47 33183906-10 2021 We find that miR-324-3p promotes differentiation and migration of cultured keratinocytes likely through the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling. mir-324-3p 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-203 33017609-5 2021 In line with the LogP and LogS values of the tested molecules, we found that TGF-beta-induced Smad-3 phosphorylation and cell migration were optimally inhibited, provided that the lateral aliphatic chain of the galloyl moiety reached 8 to 10 carbons. Carbon 242-249 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-85 33017609-8 2021 In conclusion, our data suggest that the galloyl moiety of the diet-derived catechins provides specificity of action to galloylated catechins by positioning them within the kinase domain of the TGF-betaR1 in order to antagonize TGF-beta-mediated signaling that is required for ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Catechin 76-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 194-202 33017609-8 2021 In conclusion, our data suggest that the galloyl moiety of the diet-derived catechins provides specificity of action to galloylated catechins by positioning them within the kinase domain of the TGF-betaR1 in order to antagonize TGF-beta-mediated signaling that is required for ovarian cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Catechin 132-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 194-202 32126843-0 2021 Diet-Derived Gallated Catechins Prevent TGF-beta-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Migration and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Chemosensitive ES-2 Ovarian Cancer Cells. Catechin 22-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 33952842-10 2021 DOX increased Interleukin-6 (IL-6) via transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad pathway. Doxorubicin 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-76 32420759-11 2021 Combination of quercetin and curcumin was effective on genes that were particularly related to p53, NF-kappaB and TGF-alpha pathways. Quercetin 15-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 32420759-11 2021 Combination of quercetin and curcumin was effective on genes that were particularly related to p53, NF-kappaB and TGF-alpha pathways. Curcumin 29-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. Catechin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. Catechin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 347-355 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. galloyl 22-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. galloyl 22-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 347-355 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. cysteinylglycine 38-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. cysteinylglycine 38-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 347-355 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. gallocatechin gallate 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. gallocatechin gallate 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 347-355 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. epigallocatechin gallate 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. epigallocatechin gallate 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 347-355 32126843-5 2021 Catechins bearing the galloyl moiety (CG, ECG, GCG, and EGCG) exerted potent inhibition of TGF-beta-induced cell migration as well as EMT, and inhibited VM, in part through inhibition of Snail and matrix metalloproteinase-2 secretion.Conclusions: Our data suggest that diet-derived catechins exhibit chemopreventive properties that circumvent the TGF-beta-mediated signaling which contributes to the ovarian cancer metastatic phenotype. Catechin 282-291 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 33500735-10 2021 Mechanistically, TGFbeta and fibronectin-1 (FN1) constitute a positive reciprocal regulation loop that is critical for activating TGFbeta/SMAD3 signaling, which is repressed by cisplatin induced expression of ATF3. Cisplatin 177-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-24 32835827-5 2021 Two small molecule kinase inhibitors which block the serine-threonine kinase activity of TGFbetaRI on TGFbetaRII, a pan-TGFbeta neutralizing antibody, a TGFbeta trap, a TGFbeta antisense agent, an antibody which stabilizes the latent complex of TGFbeta and a fusion protein which neutralizes TGFbeta and binds PD-L1 are in clinical development. Serine 53-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 33341026-12 2021 RESULTS: Delta9-THCA inhibited the expression of Tenascin C (TNC) and Col3A1 induced by TGFbeta in LX-2 cells and the transcriptional activity of the Col1A2 promoter in fibroblasts. delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid 9-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-95 33341026-16 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Delta9-THCA prevents TGFbeta-induced fibrotic markers in vitro and liver inflammation and fibrogenesis in vivo, providing a rationale for additional studies on the medicinal use of this cannabinoid, as well as cannabis preparations containing it, for the treatment of liver fibrosis and the management of NAFLD. delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid 13-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-41 33969133-0 2021 Retinoic Acid Correlates with Reduced Serum IL-10 And TGF-beta in Allergic Rhinitis. Tretinoin 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 33969133-7 2021 Conclusion: Our data suggest that RA may influence AR risk via affecting the TGF-beta and IL-10 production. Tretinoin 34-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-85 33500735-10 2021 Mechanistically, TGFbeta and fibronectin-1 (FN1) constitute a positive reciprocal regulation loop that is critical for activating TGFbeta/SMAD3 signaling, which is repressed by cisplatin induced expression of ATF3. Cisplatin 177-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-137 33300840-2 2021 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a key regulator of Treg development and function. treg 60-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-37 33488687-0 2020 Bergenin Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis by Regulating Autophagy Mediated by the PPAR-gamma/TGF-beta Pathway. bergenin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 33425760-13 2020 GSEA showed that High HTRA3 expression may activate NF-kappaB pathway, YAP1/WWTR1/TAZ pathway, and TGFbeta pathway. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-106 33322158-9 2020 Mechanistic studies in cultured human HSC and cholangiocytes (LX2 and H69 cell lines, respectively) demonstrated that CM414 inhibited pro-fibrogenic and inflammatory responses, including those triggered by transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). CM-414 118-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 239-246 33129112-4 2021 We found that EGF and tumor growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) significantly decreased the antiproliferative activity of the RET inhibitor BLU-667 in CCDC6-RET cells and brigatinib, alectinib and crizotinib in EML4-ALK translocated cells. brigatinib 166-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 33129112-4 2021 We found that EGF and tumor growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) significantly decreased the antiproliferative activity of the RET inhibitor BLU-667 in CCDC6-RET cells and brigatinib, alectinib and crizotinib in EML4-ALK translocated cells. alectinib 178-187 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 33129112-4 2021 We found that EGF and tumor growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) significantly decreased the antiproliferative activity of the RET inhibitor BLU-667 in CCDC6-RET cells and brigatinib, alectinib and crizotinib in EML4-ALK translocated cells. Crizotinib 192-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 33392085-10 2020 GSEA showed that the high-risk score was enriched with PI3K-Akt, VEGFA-VEGFR2, TGF-beta, Notch, T-Cell pathways. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 33321940-0 2020 Alpha Ketoglutarate Exerts In Vitro Anti-Osteosarcoma Effects through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation, Induction of Apoptosis via the JNK and Caspase 9-Dependent Mechanism, and Suppression of TGF-beta and VEGF Production and Metastatic Potential of Cells. Ketoglutaric Acids 0-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-201 33424924-7 2020 Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the host genes of the DE circRNAs showed that the host genes were enriched in lipid metabolism related GO terms (e.g., fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and MLL3/4 complex), and signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-beta and lysine degradation signaling pathway). Fatty Acids 220-230 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 326-334 33424924-7 2020 Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the host genes of the DE circRNAs showed that the host genes were enriched in lipid metabolism related GO terms (e.g., fatty acid beta-oxidation using acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and MLL3/4 complex), and signaling pathways (e.g., TGF-beta and lysine degradation signaling pathway). Lysine 339-345 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 326-334 33363521-11 2020 Butyrate-reshaped colonic microbial community and metabolism in the gut-liver axis contributed to morphology integrity and immunity homeostasis by promoting anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-beta) cytokines and suppressing inflammatory mediator hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and its downstream response elements cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Butyrates 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-194 33364932-14 2020 Conclusion: TGF-beta signaling pathway inhibited by DCN in vascular endothelial cells is related to BAVM diffuseness. bavm 100-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 33488292-10 2020 These results suggest that persistent infection by HR-HPV and the concomitant production of TGF-beta promote the expression of CD39 and CD73 to favor CC progression through Ado generation. Adenosine 173-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 33276745-12 2020 CONCLUSIONS: The CSE/H2S system is of great importance for treating atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease, and it may protect the vascular from atherosclerosis through the TGF-beta/Smad pathway. Deuterium 21-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 190-198 33273573-6 2020 Expression levels of molecules involved in cellular signaling such as AMPK pathway, TGF-beta family pathway, and MAP kinase pathway were decreased by FeCl3 treatment in RPH. (1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)iron(III) 150-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 33344439-6 2020 ADMA-containing proteins were significantly enriched in multiple biological processes and signaling cascades associated with cancer development, such as spliceosome machinery, the Wnt/beta-catenin, Hedgehog, tumor growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. N,N-dimethylarginine 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 32737657-10 2020 In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) was significantly increased in the TeAb-CCP group. triethylammonium bicarbonate 145-149 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 32281291-9 2020 The analysis revealed that TGF-beta pathway was the main pathway affected between CB- and PB-MKs. pb-mks 90-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 32281291-11 2020 The correlation between RUNX1 and TGF-beta pathway was analyzed in the PMA-induced megakaryocytic differentiating K562 cells, which exhibit mature megakaryocytic features. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 71-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 33025641-3 2020 We hypothesized DC-produced TGF-beta may be responsible for Treg induction and immune tolerance. treg 60-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 33025641-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that DC-derived TGF-beta mediates Helicobacter-induced Treg response and attenuates the inflammatory Th1 response. treg 90-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 33181973-17 2020 In contrast, growth factors and associated receptors such as EGFR and TGF-beta were induced by BPS in the ER-negative breast cancer cells; both pollutants induced an increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein secretion. bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone 95-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33045562-6 2020 The presence of this flavonoid in monocyte cultures increased the expression of CD163 and IkappaBalpha and the release of IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in the culture supernatants, polarising these cells from the M1-like profile to the M2-like profile. Flavonoids 21-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 32737657-10 2020 In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) was significantly increased in the TeAb-CCP group. ccp 150-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 32870388-9 2020 CONCLUSION: Our data suggest an important role of HSC senescence caused by DCA for the malignant biological behaviors of HCC via induction of SASP factors, particularly IL8 and TGFbeta. Deoxycholic Acid 75-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-184 33062268-0 2020 Erratum: Oral intake of royal jelly improves anti-cancer effects and suppresses adverse events of molecular targeted therapy by regulating TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in renal cell carcinoma: A preliminary study based on a randomized double-blind clinical trial. royal jelly 24-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-161 32911016-3 2020 Infraphysiological doses of E2 elevated mRNAs in all genes except for INF-gamma, TRAIL, and TGF-beta. Estradiol 28-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 33159487-8 2020 Furthermore, TDZ treatment blocked invasion and EMT in non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B epithelial cells stimulated with TGF-beta/TNF-alpha.TDZ prevents EMT and may thus block metastasis of breast cancer cells. thidiazuron 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 33159487-8 2020 Furthermore, TDZ treatment blocked invasion and EMT in non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B epithelial cells stimulated with TGF-beta/TNF-alpha.TDZ prevents EMT and may thus block metastasis of breast cancer cells. thidiazuron 131-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 32911016-2 2020 This study was undertaken to verify whether E2 action in human osteoblasts involves changes in the transcriptional profile of the TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, NF-kappaB, TRAIL, TGF-beta, MMP2, MMP9, RECK, TIMP1, TIMP2, CDK2, CDK4, SRC, RUNX2, and SHH genes. Estradiol 44-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 170-178 33332205-12 2020 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Arecoline suppresses HaCaT cell viability by upregulating TPM1 through the TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway. Arecoline 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 33174044-0 2020 Narasin inhibits tumor metastasis and growth of ERalpha-positive breast cancer cells by inactivation of the TGF-beta/SMAD3 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathways. narasin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 33074595-0 2020 MiR-133a acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer progression by regulating the LASP1 and TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. mir-133a 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 33074595-12 2020 In addition, miR-133a mimic suppressed tumor growth by modulating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway in vivo. mir-133a 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33074595-13 2020 CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, miR-133a acted as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer progression by regulating the LASP1 and TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. mir-133a 28-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 33263631-1 2020 OBJECTIVES: The present study was designed to explore the roles of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and Tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in the diagnosis and treatment of neonate bilirubin encephalopathy (BE). Bilirubin 201-210 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-157 33263631-4 2020 Moreover, the correlation between the level of bilirubin and serum expression of IL-1beta or TGF-beta in BE patients was analyzed. Bilirubin 47-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 33263631-6 2020 RESULTS: IL-1beta and TGF-beta levels were higher in the serum of BE patients than those in non-BE patients, and the expression of either IL-1beta or TGF-beta showed a strong positive correlation with the serum expression of bilirubin in BE patients. Bilirubin 225-234 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-158 33260349-3 2020 RESULTS: Our results revealed that TGF-beta-induced CTGF expression was weakened by ADAM17 small interfering RNA (ADAM17 siRNA), TNF-alpha processing inhibitor-0 (TAPI-0, an ADAM17 inhibitor), U0126 (an ERK inhibitor), RSK1 siRNA, and C/EBPbeta siRNA. U 0126 193-198 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 33260349-4 2020 TGF-beta-induced ERK phosphorylation as well as ADAM17 phosphorylation was attenuated by U0126. U 0126 89-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33260349-5 2020 The TGF-beta-induced increase in RSK1 phosphorylation was inhibited by TAPI-0 and U0126. TAPI-0 71-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 32842903-5 2020 By virtue of ZnO, the composite scaffolds showed a strong anti-inflammatory response in A549 cells, as demonstrated by a significant decrease of interleukin (IL) IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 expression in 6 h. In all the scaffold types, but remarkedly in the aligned composite ones, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and the antimicrobial peptide human beta defensin 2 (HBD-2) were significantly increased. Zinc Oxide 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 312-320 33260349-5 2020 The TGF-beta-induced increase in RSK1 phosphorylation was inhibited by TAPI-0 and U0126. U 0126 82-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 33260349-6 2020 TGF-beta-induced C/EBPbeta phosphorylation was weakened by U0126, ADAM17 siRNA, and RSK1 siRNA. U 0126 59-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 33255450-12 2020 Furthermore, we observed that COX-2 inhibition with celecoxib induces AVICs trans-differentiation towards a myofibroblast phenotype, and increases the levels of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis, both processes able to promote the formation of calcific nodules. Celecoxib 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-169 33218077-9 2020 In line, Yap-specific inhibitor Verteporfin strongly abolished Yap-mediated genes expression, at baseline as well as after TGF-beta and leptin treatments in HSCs with I148M PNPLA3. Verteporfin 32-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 33168071-17 2020 Pre-treatment with IL-6 and TGF-beta inhibitors prevented et-1 upregulation induced by ATA-ICs by 85% and 77%, respectively. Amitrole 87-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 33078834-8 2020 These beneficial effects were recapitulated in cultured tubular epithelial cells in which vorapaxar ameliorated thrombin- and hypoxia-induced TGF-beta expression and ECM accumulation. vorapaxar 90-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 33172126-5 2020 The inhibitory effect of metformin was reversed when 10 microM MPA was combined, which was significantly inhibited again after treatment of MMP-2/9 inhibitor and/or TGF-beta inhibitor. Metformin 25-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 33172126-5 2020 The inhibitory effect of metformin was reversed when 10 microM MPA was combined, which was significantly inhibited again after treatment of MMP-2/9 inhibitor and/or TGF-beta inhibitor. Medroxyprogesterone 63-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 32868072-1 2020 Pleotropic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta drives the modification and elongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans 106-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-63 32868072-1 2020 Pleotropic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta drives the modification and elongation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains on proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans 125-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-63 33194434-16 2020 GSEA analysis showed that several gene sets associated with tumor development and metastasis, including TGF-beta signaling, PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling, and IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling, were significantly enriched in POLR3G high expression phenotype. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 32868072-7 2020 We demonstrate that TGF-beta mediated Smad2 linker region phosphorylation and GAG chain elongation was attenuated by artemisinin; however, we observed no effect on VSMC proliferation. artemisinin 117-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 33224274-18 2020 In addition, SMAD4 mutation and TGF-beta pathway were associated with worse PFS after regorafenib. regorafenib 86-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 33224274-20 2020 In addition, SMAD4 mutation and the TGF-beta pathway were associated with worse PFS after regorafenib. regorafenib 90-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-44 33292168-8 2020 RESULTS: Our results show that miR-296-5p inhibits the migratory and invasive capacities of NPC cells by targeting TGF-beta, which suppresses EMT. -296-5p 34-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 32668192-3 2020 TGF-beta upregulates the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine-glycine synthesis pathway in lung fibroblasts; however, the transcriptional and signaling regulators of this pathway remain incompletely understood. Serine 66-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32870821-5 2020 In contrast, the proposal for therapeutic use of anti-hypoxic oxygenation described here was motivated by the need to prevent the hypoxia/HIF-1alpha-driven accumulation of extracellular adenosine to (i) unleash anti-tumor immune cells from inhibition by intracellular cAMP and (ii) prevent immunosuppressive transcription of cAMP response element- and hypoxia response element-containing immunosuppressive gene products (e.g. TGF-beta. Adenosine 186-195 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 426-434 32865015-5 2020 To explore the role of sPRR in the fibrotic response of HK-2 cells, we blocked the production of sPRR with a the S1P inhibitor PF429242 and found that PF429242 remarkably suppressed TGF-beta-induced sPRR generation and FN expression in HK-2 cells. PF-429242 127-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-190 32865015-5 2020 To explore the role of sPRR in the fibrotic response of HK-2 cells, we blocked the production of sPRR with a the S1P inhibitor PF429242 and found that PF429242 remarkably suppressed TGF-beta-induced sPRR generation and FN expression in HK-2 cells. PF-429242 151-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-190 32668192-3 2020 TGF-beta upregulates the expression of the enzymes of the de novo serine-glycine synthesis pathway in lung fibroblasts; however, the transcriptional and signaling regulators of this pathway remain incompletely understood. Glycine 73-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32865015-6 2020 Administration of sPRR-His restored the PF429242-attenuated FN expression in HK-2 cells, indicating that sPRR could promote the TGF-beta-induced fibrotic response. sprr 18-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 32865015-6 2020 Administration of sPRR-His restored the PF429242-attenuated FN expression in HK-2 cells, indicating that sPRR could promote the TGF-beta-induced fibrotic response. PF-429242 40-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 32668192-4 2020 Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta promotes accumulation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is required for increased expression of the serine-glycine synthesis pathway enzymes in response to TGF-beta. Serine 152-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32668192-4 2020 Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta promotes accumulation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is required for increased expression of the serine-glycine synthesis pathway enzymes in response to TGF-beta. Serine 152-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 208-216 32668192-4 2020 Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta promotes accumulation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is required for increased expression of the serine-glycine synthesis pathway enzymes in response to TGF-beta. Glycine 159-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32668192-4 2020 Here, we demonstrate that TGF-beta promotes accumulation of ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), which is required for increased expression of the serine-glycine synthesis pathway enzymes in response to TGF-beta. Glycine 159-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 208-216 32931642-8 2020 Furthermore, GSVA identified the immune cell-related pathways; the primary immunodeficiency pathway, intestinal immune network for IgA, and TGF-beta pathways were identified as participants of the crosstalk in CD8+ T cells, Tregs, and M2 macrophages in the melanoma microenvironment. gsva 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 33334785-12 2020 According to GSEA, differentially enriched pathways in the Six2 high expression phenotype, included the TGF- beta and Wnt signaling pathway. gsea 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-113 32836056-6 2020 Of interest, PKC activators Prostratin and Ingenol-3, known for inducing actin reorganization and activation of serum response elements, were able to mimic the topography-induced TGF-beta response. ingenol 43-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-187 33231794-2 2020 Immunocytochemical analysis and confocal microscopy showed that KE peptide reduces the synthesis of factors of the inflammatory response IL-1, NF-kappaB, and TGF-beta and stimulates the synthesis of sirtuin-6. ke peptide 64-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 158-166 33144675-0 2020 Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted exosomal miR-423-5p promotes chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer by targeting GREM2 through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. mir-423-5p 47-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-149 32977155-3 2020 We previously reported and now confirmed that overexpression of FLIL33 induced phosphorylation of the key profibrotic signaling mediator of TGF-beta, Smad3, in primary human lung fibroblasts from healthy donors and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. flil33 64-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 32977155-4 2020 Presently, we demonstrate that FLIL33-induced Smad3 phosphorylation was not abrogated by anti-TGF-beta antibody but was abrogated by ALK5/TGFBR1-specific and Smad3-specific inhibition, indicating that FLIL33 effect was independent of TGF-beta but dependent on its receptor, TGFBR. flil33 31-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 32977155-8 2020 Furthermore, qRT-PCR tests demonstrated that despite inducing Smad3 phosphorylation, FLIL33 did not induce collagen gene transcription and even mildly attenuated TGF-beta-induced levels of collagen I and III mRNAs. flil33 85-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-170 32977155-9 2020 We conclude that FLIL33 induces Smad3 phosphorylation through a TGF-beta-independent but TGF-beta receptor- and AP2- dependent mechanism and has limited downstream transcriptomic consequences. flil33 17-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 33010222-0 2020 Gamabufotalin suppressed osteosarcoma stem cells through the TGF-beta/periostin/PI3K/AKT pathway. gamabufotalin 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33010222-14 2020 CONCLUSION: Collectively, our data demonstrated that GBT inhibited the viability and tumorigenesis capability of osteosarcoma cells by blocking the TGF-beta/periostin/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. gamabufotalin 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-156 32739672-8 2020 In the human study, the serum lactate and TGF-beta levels were higher in arsenic-exposed subjects than that in reference subjects (t= 4.50, 6.24, both p < 0.05), while FVC and FEV1 were both lower (t= 5.47, 7.59, both p < 0.05). Arsenic 73-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32739672-9 2020 Pearson correlation analyses showed a significant negative correlation between the serum TGF-beta and lactate levels and the lung function parameters (pcorrelation<0.05). Lactic Acid 102-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 32739672-10 2020 In mediation analyses, lactate and TGF-beta significantly mediated 24.3% and 9.0%, respectively, of the association between arsenic and FVC (pmediation<0.05), while lactate and TGF-beta significantly mediated 22.2% and 12.5%, respectively, of the association between arsenic and FEV1 (pmediation<0.05). Arsenic 124-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 33144675-5 2020 PC-associated fibroblast-derived exosomes carrying miR-423-5p increased the resistance of PC to taxane by inhibiting GREM2 through the TGF-beta pathway. taxane 96-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-143 33039241-6 2020 On the other hand, 4-TBP increased TGF-beta which also has the intrinsic capacity to downregulate MITF leading to decreased melanin synthesis and thereby initiation of vitiligo. Melanins 124-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 32969198-7 2020 Taken together, our results suggest that the lncRNA ARAP1-AS2 may promote high glucose-induced proximal tubular cell injury via persistent EGFR/TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway activation by interacting with ARAP1. Glucose 79-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 32938565-11 2020 Mechanistically, we defined that calcipotriol facilitated the crosstalk between the YAP/TAZ and TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathways, eliciting EMT in keratinocytes during the wound healing process. calcipotriene 33-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 32901839-7 2020 KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the lncRNAs were closely associated with fatty acid metabolism, apoptosis and the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Fatty Acids 77-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 32918977-0 2020 Endogenous tryptophan metabolite 5-Methoxytryptophan inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-beta/SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. 5-methoxytryptophan 33-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 32918977-0 2020 Endogenous tryptophan metabolite 5-Methoxytryptophan inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the TGF-beta/SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Tryptophan 11-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 33254526-2 2020 We hypothesize that in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), due to constant secretion and up-streaming of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- beta), oral fibroblast lose their adipogenic differentiation potential and Camp production, which leads to progressive fibrosis in OSF. Cyclic AMP 213-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-142 33194761-8 2020 Finally, mechanistically, DHA could inhibit the PD-L1 expression to avoid immune escaping by inhibiting TGF-beta, PI3K/Akt, and STAT3 signaling pathways. artenimol 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 32781391-5 2020 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate and validate the anti-fibrotic properties of Biochanin-A (isoflavone) against TGF-beta mediated fibrosis in in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo models and to determine the molecular mechanisms that mediate these anti-fibrotic effects. Isoflavones 108-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 33016967-4 2020 However, unlike eugenol, the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on the TGF-beta signaling pathway and metastasis was found to be dependent on SMAD4, which was validated in SMAD4-knocked down AGS cell and SMAD4-null SW620 cell line. Capsaicin 50-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 33114386-7 2020 When seeded on dECM-PH, instead, CPCs upregulated pro-remodeling cytokines (IGF-2, PDGF-AA, TGF-beta) and the oxidative stress molecule H2O2. cpcs 33-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 33016967-5 2020 Furthermore, the use of recombinant TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptor inhibitor LY2109761 confirmed that the anti-metastatic activity of eugenol is partially and that of capsaicin is principally mediated through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Eugenol 134-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-44 33016967-0 2020 Eugenol and capsaicin exhibit anti-metastatic activity via modulating TGF-beta signaling in gastric carcinoma. Eugenol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33016967-0 2020 Eugenol and capsaicin exhibit anti-metastatic activity via modulating TGF-beta signaling in gastric carcinoma. Capsaicin 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33016967-5 2020 Furthermore, the use of recombinant TGF-beta and TGF-beta receptor inhibitor LY2109761 confirmed that the anti-metastatic activity of eugenol is partially and that of capsaicin is principally mediated through the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Eugenol 134-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 32485257-4 2020 In total, 66 types of polysaccharides from 58 kinds of plant have shown hepatoprotective effect through the pathological process of inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating NF-kappaB, JAK/STAT, TGF-beta, PI3K/AKT, MAPK, caspase cascade, p53 and Nrf2-Keap1 pathways, lipid metabolism as well as cytochrome P450 enzymes. Polysaccharides 22-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33020308-5 2020 Here we found that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily member activin A is increased in the DH on abstinence day (AD) 30 but not AD1 following extended-access cocaine self-administration compared to saline controls. Cocaine 178-185 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 33193095-10 2020 E2 treatment also upregulated the expression levels of TGF-beta and PGC-1alpha mRNAs and downregulated PUMA and Bim mRNAs. Estradiol 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 33194040-7 2020 Na2SeO3 increased the levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), and stem cell factor (SCF) in AMSC culture supernatants. na2seo3 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 33057008-9 2020 The main growth factors (PDGF-AA, IGF-1, TGF-beta, EGF, and FGF) contributed to the effects of PL in varying degrees. pl 95-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 33050250-2 2020 Royal jelly (RJ) modulates inflammation by regulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and interleukin (IL)-6 produced by macrophages. royal jelly 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-140 33057073-13 2020 iALK5 could inhibit TGF-beta induced fibrosis while nintedanib could halt fibrosis induced by TGF-beta or PDGF. nintedanib 52-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 32976774-0 2020 Cholesterol Pathway Inhibition Induces TGF-beta Signaling to Promote Basal Differentiation in Pancreatic Cancer. Cholesterol 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 33050491-4 2020 Results show that treatment with high glucose and the saturated free fatty acid palmitate significantly downregulated G6PD; in contrast, mRNA levels of TGF-beta components, NOX and its activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were significantly upregulated in HAEC. Glucose 38-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 33050491-10 2020 L-Cysteine ethyl ester (cell-permeable) suppresses the mRNA levels of TGF-beta and its receptors, along with NOX2 and NOX4, and decreases NOX activity, ROS, and adhesion of monocytes to HAEC. ethyl cysteine 0-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33050250-2 2020 Royal jelly (RJ) modulates inflammation by regulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and interleukin (IL)-6 produced by macrophages. royal jelly 13-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-140 33717892-4 2021 Since TGFbeta is implicated in chondrogenic signalling, the aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of PEMF to induce chondrogenesis via endogenous TGFbeta production in chondroprogenitors vs differentiation using chondrogenic medium inclusive of TGFbeta. pemf 108-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-13 33717892-4 2021 Since TGFbeta is implicated in chondrogenic signalling, the aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of PEMF to induce chondrogenesis via endogenous TGFbeta production in chondroprogenitors vs differentiation using chondrogenic medium inclusive of TGFbeta. pemf 108-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-160 33717892-4 2021 Since TGFbeta is implicated in chondrogenic signalling, the aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of PEMF to induce chondrogenesis via endogenous TGFbeta production in chondroprogenitors vs differentiation using chondrogenic medium inclusive of TGFbeta. pemf 108-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-160 33083477-11 2020 GSEA showed that INHBB was closely correlated with 5 cancer-promoting signaling pathways including the Hedgehog signaling pathway, ECM receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and pathway in cancer. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-165 33116402-0 2020 Cordycepin Alleviates Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection (ACLT)-Induced Knee Osteoarthritis Through Regulating TGF-beta Activity and Autophagy [Retraction]. cordycepin 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 33025417-11 2022 Using kinase inhibitors, only U0126 treatment showed an inhibitory effect on IGF-1-reduced miR-4286 and IGF-1-induced TGFB1/TGFBR2 expressions, suggesting that MEK/ERK signaling is involved in the IGF-1/miR-4286/TGF-beta signaling axis. U 0126 30-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33027960-7 2020 In addition, CLG effectively attenuated the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling cascade in TGFbeta-stimulated cells. corilagin 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-89 33036204-6 2020 In particular, mechanisms of EC-TC interaction are described such as (a) communication using secreted growth factors (i.e., VEGF, TGF-beta), (b) intercellular communication through gap junctions (i.e., Cx43), and (c) indirect interaction via intermediate cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, neurons, and immune cells). ec-tc 29-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 33072905-0 2020 Anti-tumor effects of Artemisia nilagirica extract on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells: deciphering the biochemical and biomechanical properties via TGF-beta upregulation. artemisia nilagirica extract 22-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 32415222-7 2020 Furthermore, transcriptome analysis indicated that 2280 genes were downregulated in anlotinib-resistant cells with TFAP2A knocked down, among which the PDGFR, TGF-beta, and VEGFR signaling pathways were enriched. anlotinib 84-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 33060769-7 2020 Furthermore, treatment with pirfenidone, a TGF-beta inhibitor, increased E-cadherin expression and reduced cell invasiveness in Ishikawa cells with nuclear beta-catenin. pirfenidone 28-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-51 32710930-5 2020 Based on this rationale, several classes of TGFbeta inhibitors have been developed and tested in clinical trials, namely monoclonal, neutralizing and bifunctional antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, TGFbeta-related vaccines and receptor kinase inhibitors. Oligonucleotides 185-201 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-51 32720699-0 2020 Upregulation of miRNA-1228-3p alleviates TGF-beta-induced fibrosis in renal tubular epithelial cells. mirna-1228-3p 16-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 32745796-2 2020 In this study, we revealed that left-right determination factor 2 (LEFTY2), one of the proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) protein superfamily, was remarkedly decreased in human hepatic fibrosis tissues and in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Carbon Tetrachloride 245-265 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-154 32945396-7 2020 In conclusion, ACE2 is protective in DN, which may be due to the inhibition of Arkadia-mediated Smad7 degradation, whereby TGF-beta/Smad-mediated EMT is ameliorated in high-glucose-stimulated HRPTEpiCs. Glucose 173-180 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 32765876-0 2020 Oral intake of royal jelly improves anti-cancer effects and suppresses adverse events of molecular targeted therapy by regulating TNF-alpha and TGF-beta in renal cell carcinoma: A preliminary study based on a randomized double-blind clinical trial. royal jelly 15-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 32777238-4 2020 Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Pentoxifylline 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 32777238-4 2020 Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Pentoxifylline 16-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 32777238-13 2020 PTX was able to shield CIS-induced toxicity possibly through blocking TGF-beta pathway, while promoting autophagy in a TAK1 independent manner with the involvement of the examined microRNAs. Pentoxifylline 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 32993755-11 2020 To unravel the significance of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-mediated crosstalk in TDLU-like morphogenesis and differentiation, fibroblasts were incubated with the TGF-beta signaling inhibitor, SB431542, prior to heterotypic co-culture with luminal cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 207-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 33062456-0 2020 Hyaluronic acid ameliorates the proliferative ability of human amniotic epithelial cells through activation of TGF-beta/BMP signaling. Hyaluronic Acid 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 33062456-8 2020 Further study showed that SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGF-beta/BMP signaling, significantly suppressed the mRNA expression of TGFBR3, BMP4, BMP7, BMPR1B, SMAD3, SMAD4, and the pro-proliferative effect of HA on hAECs. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 26-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 32366176-11 2020 Supplementation with rIL-37 augmented levels of released IL-10 and TGF-beta in supernatants of T cells co-cultured with Tregs in the enrolled patients.Conclusions: Results suggest a role for IL-37 in mediating anti-inflammatory functions in the atherosclerotic process, potentially involving enhancement of Treg inhibitory function and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion with a particularly marked direct response in severe disease. ril-37 21-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 32366176-11 2020 Supplementation with rIL-37 augmented levels of released IL-10 and TGF-beta in supernatants of T cells co-cultured with Tregs in the enrolled patients.Conclusions: Results suggest a role for IL-37 in mediating anti-inflammatory functions in the atherosclerotic process, potentially involving enhancement of Treg inhibitory function and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion with a particularly marked direct response in severe disease. tregs 120-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 32993755-11 2020 To unravel the significance of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-mediated crosstalk in TDLU-like morphogenesis and differentiation, fibroblasts were incubated with the TGF-beta signaling inhibitor, SB431542, prior to heterotypic co-culture with luminal cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 207-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 177-185 33005803-8 2020 Treatment with the HSP70 inhibitors VER155008 and YM-08 and the downregulation of HSP70 protein were confirmed to significantly suppress the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration of HuH7 cells. VER 155008 36-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 32993110-0 2020 AR12286 Alleviates TGF-beta-Related Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation and Reduces Fibrosis after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery. AR-12286 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 33005803-8 2020 Treatment with the HSP70 inhibitors VER155008 and YM-08 and the downregulation of HSP70 protein were confirmed to significantly suppress the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration of HuH7 cells. ym-08 50-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 33117805-4 2020 In vitro, biological processes including TGFbeta, collagen-related functions, and inflammatory processes were significantly suppressed in ISO pretreated hAESCs. 3-methylquercetin 138-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-48 33047019-0 2020 Suppression of the TGF-beta pathway by a macrolide antibiotic decreases fibrotic responses by ocular fibroblasts in vitro. Macrolides 41-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 33117805-6 2020 ISO was found to reverse the enhanced TGFbeta and Collagen type I alpha 1 mRNA expression induced by AgII exposure, which causes cardiovascular remodeling in ventricular tissue. 3-methylquercetin 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-45 32938936-4 2020 Here, we report, GSK3008348 binds to alphavbeta6 with high affinity in human IPF lung and reduces downstream pro-fibrotic TGFbeta signaling to normal levels. GSK3008348 17-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-129 33005803-9 2020 Both VER155008 and YM-08 reduced the TGF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of AKT without affecting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK or Rho-kinase. VER 155008 5-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 33005803-9 2020 Both VER155008 and YM-08 reduced the TGF-alpha-induced phosphorylation of AKT without affecting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK or Rho-kinase. ym-08 19-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 32966314-4 2020 Accordingly, our group has previously shown that the combination of TGF-beta-releasing microparticles (MP), rapamycin-releasing MP, and IL-2-releasing MP (TRI MP) can effectively increase the ratio of Tregs to Teff in vivo and provide disease protection in several preclinical models. tregs 201-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 33042971-3 2020 So far two drugs, pirfenidone [acting via TGF-beta (transforming growth factor beta) inhibition] and nintedanib (a pan-tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor) have been approved for IPF patients. pirfenidone 18-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32899874-6 2020 The knockdown of TGF-beta enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Reactive Oxygen Species 55-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 32957477-1 2020 N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant peptide transmitter in the mammalian nervous system, activates mGluR3 at presynaptic sites, inhibiting the release of glutamate, and acts on mGluR3 on astrocytes, stimulating the release of neuroprotective growth factors (TGF-beta). isospaglumic acid 0-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 274-282 32957477-1 2020 N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant peptide transmitter in the mammalian nervous system, activates mGluR3 at presynaptic sites, inhibiting the release of glutamate, and acts on mGluR3 on astrocytes, stimulating the release of neuroprotective growth factors (TGF-beta). isospaglumic acid 27-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 274-282 32957477-1 2020 N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), the most abundant peptide transmitter in the mammalian nervous system, activates mGluR3 at presynaptic sites, inhibiting the release of glutamate, and acts on mGluR3 on astrocytes, stimulating the release of neuroprotective growth factors (TGF-beta). Glutamic Acid 16-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 274-282 32631954-7 2020 Furthermore, we found that TbetaRI-TbetaRII-Fc suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis more effectively than TbetaRII-Fc in a subcutaneous xenograft model of oral cancer cells with high TGF-beta expression. tbetarii-fc 35-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 187-195 33224628-0 2020 Pan-TGFbeta inhibition by SAR439459 relieves immunosuppression and improves antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade. sar439459 26-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-11 33224628-3 2020 Here we show that SAR439459, a pan-TGFbeta neutralizing antibody, inhibits all active isoforms of human and murine TGFbeta, blocks TGFbeta-mediated pSMAD signaling, and TGFbeta-mediated suppression of T cells and NK cells. sar439459 18-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-42 33224628-7 2020 Together, these data support the hypothesis that TGFbeta neutralization using SAR439459 synergizes with PD-1 blockade to promote antitumor immunity and formed the basis for the ongoing clinical investigation of SAR439459 in patients with cancer (NCT03192345). sar439459 78-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 33224628-7 2020 Together, these data support the hypothesis that TGFbeta neutralization using SAR439459 synergizes with PD-1 blockade to promote antitumor immunity and formed the basis for the ongoing clinical investigation of SAR439459 in patients with cancer (NCT03192345). sar439459 211-220 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 32899874-6 2020 The knockdown of TGF-beta enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Reactive Oxygen Species 80-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 32899874-6 2020 The knockdown of TGF-beta enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the cell proliferation rate, and reduced glutathione content in hyperglycemia. Glutathione 137-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 32526202-3 2020 Here we reveal that HDAC1-mediated global histone deacetylation and the gain of specific histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac)-marked enhancers are essential for the TGF-beta-induced EMT process. Lysine 100-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 32879137-6 2020 We demonstrate that TGF-beta-induced miRNA29b increases COX-2/PGE2 production via inhibition of DNA methyltransferase 3b-mediated hypermethylation of the Cox-2 promoter. Dinoprostone 62-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 32883340-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS: In conclusions, our results suggest that hFSSC secretome treatment could reduce CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via regulating the TGF-beta/Smad signal pathway. Carbon Tetrachloride 93-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 32941122-12 2020 Finally, inhibition of NM-II by blebbistatin also reduced NF and KF proliferation after TGF-beta stimulation. blebbistatin 32-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 32327724-2 2020 Nintedanib is a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting VEGF, PDGF, FGF, and TGF-beta receptors with proved efficacy in anti-angiogenesis and in treating various types of cancers. nintedanib 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 33062605-0 2020 The Effect of Alpha Mangostin on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells Surviving Sorafenib via TGF-beta/Smad Pathways. mangostin 14-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-145 33062605-1 2020 Purpose: This study was intended to find out the impact of alpha mangostin administration on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and TGF-beta/Smad pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cells surviving sorafenib. mangostin 59-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-157 33062605-12 2020 Conclusion: Alpha mangostin reduced cell viability of sorafenib-surviving HepG2 cells; however, it also enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers by activating TGF-beta/Smad pathways. mangostin 12-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 169-177 33065786-11 2020 Ozone autohemotherapy also improves the microcirculation after anastomosis of the severed finger by up-regulating the expression of VEGF, TGF-beta and PDGF in blood. Ozone 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-146 32750425-3 2020 Although one study has showed that the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) could sensitize transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, it is unclear whether VPA could reverse resistance to long-term clinical treatment with sorafenib. Valproic Acid 59-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 33145265-7 2020 Moreover, the reverse effect of Wogonin was demonstrated by inhibiting the activation of CXCL12-CXCR4/7 axis via restraining the TGF-beta/Smad4/Id3 pathway in vitro. wogonin 32-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32364651-7 2020 These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/betacatenin pathway, in the TGFbeta/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response. Bile Acids and Salts 271-281 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-109 32364651-7 2020 These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/betacatenin pathway, in the TGFbeta/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response. Carbohydrates 286-299 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-109 32804027-9 2020 Pretreatment with 25 microM LY294002, a PI3K-specific inhibitor, further enhanced the si-TGF-beta-induced suppression of osteosarcoma progression. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 28-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 32538493-6 2020 In addition, the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta further potentiated IL-4- and IL-13-induced GM-Beffs . gm-beffs 120-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-75 32535334-5 2020 These CD4+CD25- T cells were induced to differentiate into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs through incubating with CD3 and CD28 antibodies, TGF-beta, IL-2 and rapamycin in vitro. tregs 75-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 32768937-0 2020 Low dose HSP90 inhibition with AUY922 blunts rapid evolution of metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes induced by TGF-beta and paclitaxel in A549 cells. 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-(4-morpholin-4-ylmethylphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide 31-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 32768937-6 2020 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We explored the role of HSP90 in the evolution of metastatic and drug resistant features in NSCLC by treating A549 cells with AUY922, a clinically relevant HSP90 inhibitor, and inducing metastatic and drug resistant phenotypes via treatment with TGF-beta and paclitaxel, respectively. 5-(2,4-dihydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-4-(4-morpholin-4-ylmethylphenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxylic acid ethylamide 149-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 269-277 32750425-3 2020 Although one study has showed that the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) could sensitize transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, it is unclear whether VPA could reverse resistance to long-term clinical treatment with sorafenib. Valproic Acid 74-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 32750425-3 2020 Although one study has showed that the anti-epileptic drug valproic acid (VPA) could sensitize transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, it is unclear whether VPA could reverse resistance to long-term clinical treatment with sorafenib. Sorafenib 146-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 32854194-6 2020 Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated TGFbeta/SMAD signaling contributed to HA-induced fibrotic responses. Reactive Oxygen Species 39-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-60 32484796-7 2020 However, NaCl was coopted to promote murine and human Th17 cell pathogenicity, if T cell stimulation occurred in a proinflammatory and TGF-beta-low cytokine microenvironment. Sodium Chloride 9-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-143 32603782-0 2020 Vitamin D modulates E-cadherin turnover by regulating TGF-beta and Wnt signalings during EMT-mediated myofibroblast differentiation in A459 cells. Vitamin D 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 32599262-7 2020 In contrast, during 24 weeks of arsenic exposure, the cells had increased EGFR expression and activity, and increased mRNA and protein levels of TGFalpha. Arsenic 32-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-153 32599262-10 2020 We propose that lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to low level arsenic increases EGFR signaling via TGFalpha production to enhance ligand-independent cell migration. Arsenic 71-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 32229687-0 2020 Vemurafenib downmodulates aggressiveness mediators of colorectal cancer (CRC): LMWPTP, PTP1B and TGFbeta. Vemurafenib 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-104 32229687-7 2020 This study brought up novel aspects of Vemurafenib action in colorectal cancer, which can decrease the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (LMWPTP and PTP1B) and the TGFbeta pathway, making them important in the CRC aggressiveness. Vemurafenib 39-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-179 32806062-8 2020 With the ability to effectively inhibit activated platelets and TGF-beta secretion in tumors, Ptx@AlbSNO can enhance intratumoral immune cell infiltration to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Paclitaxel 94-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 32806062-8 2020 With the ability to effectively inhibit activated platelets and TGF-beta secretion in tumors, Ptx@AlbSNO can enhance intratumoral immune cell infiltration to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. albsno 98-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 32017070-9 2020 It is possible to find drugs like metformin that can prevent and treat pancreatic cancer by targeting the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Metformin 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 32422329-4 2020 The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) interacts with the potent Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFbeta) pro-fibrotic pathway to mediate fibrosis in many cell and tissue types. Aldosterone 22-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-114 32828967-4 2020 More recently, systemic activities of chlorophyll derivatives have been reported to include modulation of oxidative stress and regulation of xenobiotic metabolizing systems and gene expression of systems critical to prevention of initiation and/or progression of cancer including NFE2-related factor 2, nuclear factor kappa B, TGF-beta, and beta-catenin pathways. Chlorophyll 38-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 327-335 32526690-5 2020 In the current study, we showed that curcumin inhibited TGF-beta/Smad signaling transmission by activating autophagy, thereby inhibiting EMT. Curcumin 37-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 32736702-3 2020 In the present study, using cultured ARPE-19 cells, we determined that TGF-beta initiates a signaling pathway through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) that stimulates trans-differentiation and fibrosis of retinal pigment epithelium. Sirolimus 182-191 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 32736704-6 2020 The addition of monensin effectively suppressed the TGF-beta-induced-EMT conversion, and restored the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis by the EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Monensin 16-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 32854194-6 2020 Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated TGFbeta/SMAD signaling contributed to HA-induced fibrotic responses. Reactive Oxygen Species 14-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-60 32781631-6 2020 Consistent with the activation of TGF-beta signaling, expression changes were blocked in the presence of the TGF-beta receptor type I kinase inhibitor SB431542. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 151-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 32929392-8 2020 RESULTS: Here, we demonstrated that activated WNT signaling and downregulated TGF-beta pathways under the control of decreased mir-24 which are involved in myogenic differentiation are differentially expressed in WJ-MSC. mir-24 127-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 33463106-3 2020 The LX-2 cells were induced as amodel for in vitro study by TGF-beta (10 ng/mL). amodel 31-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 32413665-0 2020 Endosulfan triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition via PTP4A3-mediated TGF-beta signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Endosulfan 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 32413665-7 2020 Endosulfan promoted cell migration and invasion, which were rescued by specific inhibitors for PTP4A3, TGF-beta signaling and Notch signaling, respectively. Endosulfan 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 32413665-8 2020 These findings suggest that endosulfan promoted cell migration and invasion with the induction of EMT through PTP4A3-mediated TGF-beta signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Endosulfan 28-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32944398-2 2020 Hyperactive transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling could be a signature event in mesGBM, which leads to dysregulation of downstream targets and contribute to malignant transformation. mesgbm 95-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 32872742-10 2022 Among the BCAA components, leucine and valine significantly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of LX-2 cells. Leucine 27-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 32872742-10 2022 Among the BCAA components, leucine and valine significantly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of LX-2 cells. Valine 39-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 32872742-13 2022 Among BCAA components, leucine and valine mainly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of HSCs. Leucine 23-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32872742-13 2022 Among BCAA components, leucine and valine mainly abrogated TGF-beta-induced activation of HSCs. Valine 35-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32884288-11 2020 GSEA pathway enrichment results showed that COL1A1 was markedly enriched in the TGF-beta signaling pathway. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 32817914-6 2021 The results of immunofluorescence staining and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) suggest that Mg mainly regulates the motility and adhesion of HGFs through activating the MAPK signal pathway whereas Zn influences HGFs proliferation by triggering the TGF-beta signal pathway. Magnesium 127-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 283-291 32339852-8 2020 Our findings suggest for the first time that daily exposure of general population to acrylamide is associated with cardiac autonomic dysfunction, where a mechanism involving TGF-beta pathway may be involved. Acrylamide 85-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 32764573-6 2020 ZDON attenuated MMP-3 and MMP-13 expression in TGFbeta- and calcium ionophore-treated chondrocytes in a Runx2-independent manner. zdon 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-54 32905449-0 2020 Bis-indole derived nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) antagonists inhibit TGFbeta-induced invasion of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cells. bis-indole 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 32905449-4 2020 However, CDIM8 blocks basal and TGFbeta-induced invasion of RD and SMS-CTR ERMS cell lines but not Rh30 alveolar RMS (ARMS) cells. DIM-C-pPhOH 9-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 32905449-7 2020 The novel mechanism of CDIM8-mediated inhibition of basal and TGFbeta-induced ERMS cell invasion was due to activation of the Bcl-2-NR4A1 complex, mitochondrial disruption, induction of the tumor suppressor-like cytokine interleukin-24 (IL-24) which in turn downregulates beta-catenin expression. DIM-C-pPhOH 23-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-69 32756778-0 2020 Anti-fibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid on Tenon"s capsule fibroblasts stimulated with TGF-beta: therapeutic potential in ocular surgery. rosmarinic acid 25-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 32753486-3 2020 The authors show that gemcitabine treatment causes profound changes in the pancreatic cancer microenvironment, including elevated TGFbeta signaling and immune checkpoint expression, as well as increased antigen presentation in tumor cells. gemcitabine 22-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-137 32682346-10 2020 CONCLUSION: Our results suggest impaired Tregs suppressive function in GV patients due to decreased NFATC1, FOXP3, CD25, IL-10 & TGF-beta resulting into increased CD8+ and CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. tregs 41-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32638535-8 2020 TGF-beta inhibited the expression of PPAR-gamma, silence of MeCP2 by siRNA or using MeCP2 inhibitor (5-AZA) increased the expression of PPAR-gamma. Azacitidine 101-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32473169-0 2020 Dichloroacetate prevents TGFbeta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Dichloroacetic Acid 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-32 32531710-7 2020 C-BF and NFN treatment decreased (P < 0.05) IL-6, IL-8, IL-22, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) production in the jejunum and ileum compared with the control group. nfn 9-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 32533463-8 2020 In addition, miR-194-5p inhibited the release of COX2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-1beta and IL-6). mir-194-5p 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 32659645-0 2020 Inhibitory effect of oyster hydrolysate on wrinkle formation against UVB irradiation in human dermal fibroblast via MAPK/AP-1 and TGFbeta/Smad pathway. oyster hydrolysate 21-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-137 32352186-12 2020 Overall, our data suggest that Treg enrichment by MSCs results from Tcon conversion into Treg-like cells, rather than to expansion of natural Treg, possibly through mechanisms involving TGF-beta and/or PD-1/PDL-1 expression. treg 31-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-194 32740581-9 2020 TGF-beta levels were significantly decreased after two hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 2-atm group and decreased after three hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 3-atm group. Oxygen 66-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32740581-9 2020 TGF-beta levels were significantly decreased after two hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 2-atm group and decreased after three hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions in the 3-atm group. Oxygen 146-152 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32740581-12 2020 CONCLUSION: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with 3 atm increases viability and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells, alters marker expression and subpopulations, decreases TGF-beta secretion, and skews adipose-derived stem cells toward adipogenic differentiation. Oxygen 23-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 32361306-6 2020 After Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, some up-regulated proteins were significantly enriched in TGF-beta signaling pathway and 4 pathways related to steroid hormones. Steroids 175-182 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 32299913-3 2020 Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFbeta enhances the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Tyrosine 246-254 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 32299913-3 2020 Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFbeta enhances the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Tyrosine 264-267 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 32752069-0 2020 Resveratrol Modulates Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-beta) Signaling Pathway for Disease Therapy: A New Insight into Its Pharmacological Activities. Resveratrol 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 32818907-0 2020 Vitamin B1 Supports the Differentiation of T Cells through TGF-beta Superfamily Production in Thymic Stromal Cells. Thiamine 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32532820-7 2020 Of note, the application of LY2157299, a potent inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling, significantly attenuated MED16KD-induced RAI resistance both in vitro and in vivo. LY-2157299 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 32299913-3 2020 Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFbeta enhances the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Tyrosine 273-276 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 32299913-3 2020 Here, using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we found that TGFbeta enhances the assembly and disassembly rates of paxillin-containing adhesions in an SHCA-dependent manner through the phosphorylation of the specific SHCA tyrosine residues Tyr-239, Tyr-240, and Tyr-313. Tyrosine 273-276 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 32818907-4 2020 These events were mediated through the increased production of TGF-beta superfamily members due to the accumulation of branched-chain alpha-keto acids in thymic stromal cells. branched-chain alpha-keto acids 119-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-71 32706418-8 2021 A significantly increased expression of TGF-beta was observed in the patients who received DAAs or PEG IFN-alpha, which suggests that patients receiving anti-HCV therapies are prone to developing fibrosis. daas 91-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 32774143-0 2020 The Influence of Adalimumab and Cyclosporine A on the Expression Profile of the Genes Related to TGFbeta Signaling Pathways in Keratinocyte Cells Treated with Lipopolysaccharide A. Cyclosporine 32-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-104 32774143-0 2020 The Influence of Adalimumab and Cyclosporine A on the Expression Profile of the Genes Related to TGFbeta Signaling Pathways in Keratinocyte Cells Treated with Lipopolysaccharide A. lipopolysaccharide A 159-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-104 32774143-2 2020 Aim: This study aimed at investigating the effect of CsA and adalimumab on the profile of mRNAs and protein expression associated with transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) pathways in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) culture previously exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cyclosporine 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 168-175 32774143-11 2020 Conclusion: Analysis of the microarray expression profile of genes associated with TGFbeta signaling pathways has demonstrated the potential of cyclosporin A and adalimumab to induce changes in their transcriptional activity. Cyclosporine 144-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-90 32793594-12 2020 IPA of the molecular interaction of TQ in inflammation and age-related degenerative diseases identified canonical pathways directly related to synaptogenesis, neuroinflammation, TGF-beta, and interleukin signaling. thymoquinone 36-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-186 32640257-0 2020 Sensing of ATP via the Purinergic Receptor P2RX7 Promotes CD8+ Trm Cell Generation by Enhancing Their Sensitivity to the Cytokine TGF-beta. Adenosine Triphosphate 11-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 32698527-10 2020 In vitro exposure of patient"s fibroblasts to losartan led to the partial restoration of normal transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) marker protein levels. Losartan 46-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32343974-6 2020 We found that STE and AF at nontoxic concentrations exerted remarkable inhibitory effects on migration (wound healing assay) and invasion (Transwell assay) in tumor necrosis factor (TGF)-beta-treated cancer cells. ste 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-191 32679840-4 2020 While calcipotriol inhibited spontaneous and PDAC-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release by PBMC and reduced intracellular transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), it did not counteract the lymphocytes proliferation induced in allogenic co-culture by PDAC-conditioned PBMCs. calcipotriene 6-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 32679840-7 2020 These effects, together with the dampening of intracellular TGF-beta, might result in an overall anti-tumor effect, thus supporting the administration of vitamin D in PDAC patients. Vitamin D 154-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 32451085-0 2020 Hesperetin inhibit EMT in TGF-beta treated podocyte by regulation of mTOR pathway. hesperetin 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32451085-13 2020 Instead, hesperetin suppressed EMT-like changes by inhibiting the mTOR pathway-one of the alternative TGF-beta signaling pathways. hesperetin 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 32733385-4 2020 Several members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, such as TGF-betas, Nodal, and Activin have been reported to either promote or inhibit the invasive EVT pathway. EVT 178-181 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 32661265-6 2020 We also demonstrated in vitro using human mesothelial cells that hypochlorite-induced fibrosis was likely due to necrosis, but not programmed apoptosis; besides, overexpression of IL1beta, CX3CL1 and TGFbeta on the peritoneal mesothelium in current model was detected, similar to observations from peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis in human patients and earlier reported mouse model. Hypochlorous Acid 65-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 200-207 32519817-4 2020 We further demonstrated that the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, SIRT7, and the FOXO4 transcription factor acted as endogenous brakes for GLS1 expression, which are inhibited by TGF-beta. NAD 33-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 181-189 32632040-6 2020 miR-146b-5p inhibited SMARCA5 expression and inactivated a TGF-beta pathway, thereby decreasing GSC/MSC fusion cell proliferation, migration and invasion. mir-146b-5p 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32548975-0 2020 A Magnetic Iron Oxide/Polydopamine Coating Can Improve Osteogenesis of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Scaffolds with a Static Magnetic Field by Upregulating the TGFbeta-Smads Pathway. ferric oxide 11-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-164 32548975-0 2020 A Magnetic Iron Oxide/Polydopamine Coating Can Improve Osteogenesis of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Scaffolds with a Static Magnetic Field by Upregulating the TGFbeta-Smads Pathway. polydopamine 22-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-164 32548975-0 2020 A Magnetic Iron Oxide/Polydopamine Coating Can Improve Osteogenesis of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Scaffolds with a Static Magnetic Field by Upregulating the TGFbeta-Smads Pathway. Titanium 89-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-164 32376602-9 2020 Surprisingly, invasion in passaged SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids required exogenous TGFbeta, suggesting that invasion in SMAD4-mutant organoids is mediated through non-canonical TGFbeta signaling. pdac organoids 48-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-89 32376602-9 2020 Surprisingly, invasion in passaged SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids required exogenous TGFbeta, suggesting that invasion in SMAD4-mutant organoids is mediated through non-canonical TGFbeta signaling. pdac organoids 48-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 176-183 32376602-10 2020 The Rho-like GTPases RAC1 and CDC42 acted as potential mediators of TGFbeta-stimulated invasion in SMAD4-mutant PDAC organoids, as inhibition of these GTPases suppressed collective invasion in our model. pdac organoids 112-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 32519817-1 2020 In the current work we show that the profibrotic actions of TGF-beta are mediated, at least in part, through a metabolic maladaptation in glutamine metabolism and how the inhibition of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) reverses pulmonary fibrosis. Glutamine 138-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 32409577-0 2020 Dissociation of the AhR/ARNT complex by TGF-beta/Smad signaling represses CYP1A1 gene expression and inhibits benze[a]pyrene-mediated cytotoxicity. benze 110-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 32409577-0 2020 Dissociation of the AhR/ARNT complex by TGF-beta/Smad signaling represses CYP1A1 gene expression and inhibits benze[a]pyrene-mediated cytotoxicity. pyrene 118-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 32519817-6 2020 Our study points to an exciting and unexplored connection between epigenetic and transcriptional processes that regulate glutamine metabolism and fibrotic development in a TGF-beta-dependent manner. Glutamine 121-130 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-180 32377724-9 2020 Therefore, the results of the present study showed that H-RN treatment significantly suppressed the development of EMT induced by TGF-beta2, at least partially through the TGF-beta/Smad and Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in human LECs. h-rn 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 32437896-8 2020 AlCl3 increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA expression and Smad2/3 nuclear translocation. Aluminum Chloride 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 32437896-11 2020 Taken together, AlCl3 can promote the metastatic proclivity of colorectal cancer cells through MMP-7, -9, and TGF-beta/Smad2/3 pathway. Aluminum Chloride 16-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 32437896-0 2020 Aluminum exposure promotes the metastatic proclivity of human colorectal cancer cells through matrix metalloproteinases and the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Aluminum 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 32377724-5 2020 In the present study, the effects of H-RN on the development of EMT induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in human LECs, and the possible signaling pathways participating in this process were investigated. h-rn 37-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-116 32360483-3 2020 An increasing number of studies report that artemisinin can impact the fibrotic process through various ways, such as TGF-beta, MAPK, Wnt/beta-catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTRO, FRX and Notch signaling pathways, as well as regulation of BMP-7 and cell autophagy. artemisinin 44-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 32685011-0 2020 TGF-beta causes Docetaxel resistance in Prostate Cancer via the induction of Bcl-2 by acetylated KLF5 and Protein Stabilization. Docetaxel 16-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32597324-4 2021 We further simulated the molecular docking of Galunisertib, a small molecule inhibitor targeting TGFbeta signaling in cancer, which is currently undergoing FDA-approved clinical trials. LY-2157299 46-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-104 32597324-6 2021 Further, mature proteins possess flexibility around conserved cystine knots to functionally interact with receptors or regulatory molecules in similar but distinct ways to TGFbeta. Cystine 62-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-179 32578930-7 2020 Under our experimental conditions, all taxanes significantly reduced WISP1 and TGF-beta expressions, suggesting an anti-metastatic/antiangiogenic effect for these drugs. Taxoids 39-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 32576959-9 2020 Our study points towards TGF-beta as major target of PRF and suggest that TGF-beta activity released by PRF adsorbs to titanium surface and collagen membranes. Titanium 119-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 32359980-0 2020 Nintedanib inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 alveolar epithelial cells through regulation of the TGF-beta/Smad pathway. nintedanib 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 32359980-5 2020 However, the mechanism of EMT inhibition by nintedanib and its effect on TGF-beta and TNF-alpha signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells have not been fully elucidated. nintedanib 44-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 32359980-9 2020 Gene ontology analysis showed that nintedanib significantly attenuates the gene expression of EMT-related cellular pathways and the TGF-beta signaling pathway, but not in the TNF-alpha-mediated signaling pathway. nintedanib 35-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 32359980-12 2020 CONCLUSION: Nintedanib inhibits EMT by mediating EMT-related gene expression and the TGF-beta/Smad pathway in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. nintedanib 12-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 32705856-8 2020 We found that TGF-beta was secreted by T cells themselves upon activation, and Galunisertib could reduce TGF-beta signaling in CAR T cells. LY-2157299 79-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 105-113 32685011-3 2020 In this study, we investigated whether and how TGF-beta affects DTX resistance of prostate cancer. Docetaxel 64-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 32685011-8 2020 Results: We found that KLF5 is indispensable in TGF-beta-induced DTX resistance. Docetaxel 65-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 32685011-11 2020 Furthermore, DTX-induced Bcl-2 degradation depends on a proteasome pathway, and TGF-beta inhibits DTX-induced Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Docetaxel 98-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 32685011-12 2020 Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the TGF-beta-acetylated KLF5-Bcl-2 signaling axis mediates DTX resistance in prostate cancer and blockade of this pathway could provide clinical insights into chemoresistance of prostate cancer. Docetaxel 99-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 32179111-0 2020 Lung-targeted delivery of TGF-beta antisense oligonucleotides to treat pulmonary fibrosis. Oligonucleotides 45-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32169452-0 2020 Fucoidan increased the sensitivity to gefitinib in lung cancer cells correlates with reduction of TGFbeta-mediated Slug expression. Gefitinib 38-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-105 32169452-7 2020 Abolishment of TGFbeta signaling enhanced gefitinib-inhibited cell viability and reduced N-cadherin, Twist and Slug levels. Gefitinib 42-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-22 32169452-9 2020 Our study is the first to find that fucoidan alters the gefitinib-sensitive of TKI-resistant cells by reduction of TGFbeta receptor-mediated expressions of mesenchymal-like molecules and induction of Slug degradation. Gefitinib 56-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-122 32247228-2 2020 Following DMF therapy, LTalpha+, TNFalpha+ and IFNgamma+ B cells were reduced while TGFbeta and IL10 expression elevated. Dimethyl Fumarate 10-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 32312837-0 2020 Myeloid cell-derived TGF-beta signaling regulates ECM deposition in mammary carcinoma via adenosine-dependent mechanisms. Adenosine 90-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 32312837-2 2020 We previously demonstrated that TGFbeta signaling on myeloid cells regulates expression of CD73, a key enzyme for production of adenosine, a pro-tumorigenic metabolite implicated in regulation of tumor cell behaviors, immune response, and angiogenesis. Adenosine 128-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 32312837-9 2020 This discovered crosstalk between TGFbeta/CD73 on myeloid cells and TGFbeta signaling on fibroblasts can contribute to ECM remodeling and pro-tumorigenic actions of CAF. cafestol palmitate 165-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-41 32312837-9 2020 This discovered crosstalk between TGFbeta/CD73 on myeloid cells and TGFbeta signaling on fibroblasts can contribute to ECM remodeling and pro-tumorigenic actions of CAF. cafestol palmitate 165-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 32240679-5 2020 ATO can activate the TGFbeta/Smad signaling pathway, causing liver fibrosis. Arsenic Trioxide 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-28 32358062-8 2020 Taken together, these results highlight that TGF-beta influences the trajectory of early T-cell activation by altering PI3K activity and PtdIns levels. Phosphatidylinositols 137-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 32243976-3 2020 Photo-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel (GelMA) loaded with Puerarin (Pue) regulate inflammation by inhibiting the aggregation of neutrophils and eosinophils, simultaneously intervene the matrix regenerating/remodeling via TGF-beta/MMPs pathway to repair the fascia of pelvic floor in rabbit models (POP model). puerarin 55-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-226 32243976-3 2020 Photo-crosslinked gelatin hydrogel (GelMA) loaded with Puerarin (Pue) regulate inflammation by inhibiting the aggregation of neutrophils and eosinophils, simultaneously intervene the matrix regenerating/remodeling via TGF-beta/MMPs pathway to repair the fascia of pelvic floor in rabbit models (POP model). puerarin 55-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-226 32179111-4 2020 Antisense oligonucleotides targeting TGF-beta mRNA were polymerized by rolling circle amplification and complexed with DhBD23. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 32550106-11 2020 Taken together, our results demonstrated that metformin can attenuate TGF-beta1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least partly, through inhibition of TG2 and subsequent TGF-beta pathways. Metformin 46-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 32521759-4 2020 Flavonoids showed potent anti-cancer effects against various cancer models in vitro and in vivo, mediated via regulation of key signaling pathways involved in the migration and invasion of cancer cells and metastatic progression, including key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or regulatory molecules such as MMPs, uPA/uPAR, TGF-beta and other contributors of the complex process of metastatic spread. Flavonoids 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 340-348 32517259-11 2020 The silencing of TGFalpha by RNA interference correlated with a significant increase in apoptosis, whereas the overexpression of TGFalpha desensitized MPM cells to the apoptosis induced by VPA and doxorubicin. Valproic Acid 189-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32517259-11 2020 The silencing of TGFalpha by RNA interference correlated with a significant increase in apoptosis, whereas the overexpression of TGFalpha desensitized MPM cells to the apoptosis induced by VPA and doxorubicin. Doxorubicin 197-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32517259-14 2020 Conclusions: Our data show that TGFalpha but not its receptor EGFR is a key factor in resistance to MPM chemotherapy. mpm 100-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 32493428-5 2020 The NS-iPSCs exhibited impaired development of EBs in which BMP and TGF-beta signalings were activated. ethylbenzene 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 32550106-0 2020 Metformin attenuates TGF-beta1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 and subsequent TGF-beta pathways. Metformin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 32550106-1 2020 The purpose of this study was to confirm whether metformin can attenuate TGF-beta1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and subsequent TGF-beta pathways. Metformin 49-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 31822964-5 2020 The aim of this review is to summarize and interconnect recent findings that illustrate how changes in glycolysis, mitochondrial, lipid and choline metabolism coincide and functionally contribute to TGFbeta-induced EMT. Choline 140-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 199-206 32229367-5 2020 Conversely, high doses of DON increased the expressions of TGF-beta and IL-10 in piglets and PAMs, inhibited the chemotaxis and phagocytosis of PAMs and induced macrophages M2-type polarization (P < 0.05). deoxynivalenol 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 32646642-4 2020 Our results demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of the menin-MLL interaction (MI-2) and small molecule inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling (SB431542, LY2157299, or LY364947) synergistically increased ex vivo replication of human beta cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 146-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32646642-4 2020 Our results demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of the menin-MLL interaction (MI-2) and small molecule inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling (SB431542, LY2157299, or LY364947) synergistically increased ex vivo replication of human beta cells. Ly-364947 170-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32460455-5 2020 In this study, we present the first report on the impact of eupatilin treatment on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-induced endometrial fibrosis. eupatilin 60-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 32460455-7 2020 Results: Eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the fibrotic activity of TGF-beta-induced endometrial fibrosis in Ishikawa cells, which displayed more circular shapes and formed more colonies. eupatilin 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 32460455-10 2020 Conclusion: Our findings suggest that suppression of TGF-beta-induced signaling by eupatilin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometrial fibrosis. eupatilin 83-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 32248516-14 2020 The new sesquiterpene was evaluated for the luciferase assay on 14 main cancer-related signaling pathways and showed selective inhibition of STAT3/IL6, and Smad/ TGF-beta transcription factors. Sesquiterpenes 8-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-170 32933894-8 2020 In addition, estrogen-positive and progesterone-positive BC patients had higher levels of TGF-alpha (P < 0.05). Progesterone 35-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 32572892-0 2020 MiR-340-5p mitigates the proliferation and activation of fibroblast in lung fibrosis by targeting TGF-beta/p38/ATF1 signaling pathway. mir-340-5p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 32572892-10 2020 Moreover, we demonstrate that the overexpression of miR-340-5p reduces the expression of ATF1 to prevent fibroblast activation and proliferation by targeting ATF1 and restrain MAPK/p38 pathway following TGF-beta stimuli. mir-340-5p 52-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 32443431-7 2020 UMB exerts its anticancer actions by regulating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways; causing inhibition of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase; and attenuating migration and invasion by modulating the Wnt signaling, NF-kB, TGFbeta, and Fox3 signaling pathways. umbelliprenin 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-235 33187584-9 2020 Network pharmacology analysis suggested that EF water extract not only regulated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts but also caused a regulatory effect on osteoclasts via multiple signaling pathways, such as RANKL-RANK-induced signaling and TGF-beta signaling. Water 48-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 259-267 32529872-10 2020 CONCLUSION: BBD suppressed cell migration and invasion by inhibiting TGF-beta-induced EMT and inactivating TGF-beta/Smad signaling in GC cells. 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodioxole 12-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 32529872-10 2020 CONCLUSION: BBD suppressed cell migration and invasion by inhibiting TGF-beta-induced EMT and inactivating TGF-beta/Smad signaling in GC cells. 5-tert-butyl-1,3-benzodioxole 12-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 32388539-7 2020 Notably, both BTZ treatment and GALNT14 knockdown attenuated TGFbeta-mediated gene expression and suppressed TGFbeta-dependent metastatic genes. Bortezomib 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-68 32388539-7 2020 Notably, both BTZ treatment and GALNT14 knockdown attenuated TGFbeta-mediated gene expression and suppressed TGFbeta-dependent metastatic genes. Bortezomib 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-116 32434573-11 2020 Nevertheless, losartan-induced suppression of TGF-beta signaling appears to be a particularly promising strategy. Losartan 14-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 32259551-0 2020 Crocin attenuates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity via TLR4/NF-kappaBp50 signaling and BAMBI modulation of TGF-beta activity: Involvement of miRNA-9 and miRNA-29. crocin 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 32085981-7 2020 Several studies demonstrate that TGF-beta signalling protects neurons from glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, a recognized mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders such as ALS. Glutamic Acid 75-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 32054543-7 2020 Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P=0.000; FO, P=0.002; PS+FO, P=0.001), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly decreased in the FO group (P=0.036), PS+FO group (P=0.005) and PO group (P=0.032) at the end of the intervention. Phytosterols 146-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 32054543-7 2020 Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P=0.000; FO, P=0.002; PS+FO, P=0.001), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly decreased in the FO group (P=0.036), PS+FO group (P=0.005) and PO group (P=0.032) at the end of the intervention. Phytosterols 172-174 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 32054543-7 2020 Compared with baseline, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was significantly decreased in the three study groups at the end of the trial (PS, P=0.000; FO, P=0.002; PS+FO, P=0.001), and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was significantly decreased in the FO group (P=0.036), PS+FO group (P=0.005) and PO group (P=0.032) at the end of the intervention. Phytosterols 172-174 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 32054543-8 2020 Notably, TGF-beta was reduced significantly more in the PS+FO group than in the PO group (P=0.032). Phytosterols 56-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-17 32528524-11 2020 Our results showed that the p.Val538Ala variant significantly decreased TGF-beta-induced gene transcription and the phosphorylation of Smad2, which were consistent with other pathogenic variants of TGFBR2. val538ala 30-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-80 32528524-12 2020 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the p.Val538Ala pathogenic variant in TGFBR2 leads to aberrant TGF-beta signaling and LDS in this patient. val538ala 50-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 31932644-6 2020 We then showed that IMB-S7 treatment markedly suppressed the TGF-beta/Smad pathway in human hepatic stellate cell line LX2 and mouse primary HSCs, as well as in liver samples of BDL rats, thus inhibiting the transcription of most fibrogenesis-associated genes, including TGF-beta1, COL1A1, and ACTA2. imb-s7 20-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 32477135-10 2020 Using RNA interference, we demonstrated that CDBEE exerted anti-hepatoma activity partially through down-regulation of Smad3, one of major members in TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. cdbee 45-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-158 32477135-11 2020 Therefore, CDBEE may be a promising candidate drug for HCC treatment, especially for liver cancer with aberrant TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. cdbee 11-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 32454854-0 2020 Glycyrrhetinic Acid-Induced MiR-663a Alleviates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Attenuating the TGF-beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. Glycyrrhetinic Acid 0-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 32454854-11 2020 GA inhibits, at least in part, HSC proliferation and activation via targeting the miR-663a/TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Glycyrrhetinic Acid 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 32550992-5 2020 We previously reported that the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1, activates the latent TGF-beta complex and that antagonism of this pathway using tri/tetrapeptides in various animal models reduces fibrosis. tri/tetrapeptides 153-170 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 32550992-8 2020 We identified SRI-35241 (36) with a single chiral center, which blocks TGF-beta activation (pIC50 = 8.12 nM) and has a plasma half life of 1.8 h (iv). sri-35241 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 32670550-0 2020 beta-Escin alleviates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia-mediated apoptotic resistance and invasion via ROS-dependent HIF-1alpha/TGF-beta/MMPs in A549 cells. Escin 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32670550-0 2020 beta-Escin alleviates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia-mediated apoptotic resistance and invasion via ROS-dependent HIF-1alpha/TGF-beta/MMPs in A549 cells. cobaltous chloride 22-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32670550-0 2020 beta-Escin alleviates cobalt chloride-induced hypoxia-mediated apoptotic resistance and invasion via ROS-dependent HIF-1alpha/TGF-beta/MMPs in A549 cells. ros 101-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 32384749-9 2020 Taken together, the findings suggest the therapeutic potential of KH in preventing keloid scar by attenuating TGFbeta-induced EMT. kh 66-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-117 32371554-6 2020 Suppressing TGF-beta signaling, either pharmacologically through TGF-beta immunoneutralization or genetically through deletion of Smad4 or TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaRII), afforded substantial protection against PDAC-driven beta-cell depletion. pdac 217-221 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 32364525-6 2020 Moreover, TGF-beta signaling inhibitor SB431542 promotes the SPOP expression and abrogates PCa stemness. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 39-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-18 32070750-2 2020 N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant modifications on mRNA, it is unclear yet how m6A epitranscriptome response to stimulation of TGFbeta. Adenosine 10-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-154 32070750-2 2020 N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is one of the most abundant modifications on mRNA, it is unclear yet how m6A epitranscriptome response to stimulation of TGFbeta. N-methyladenosine 21-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-154 32113686-2 2020 We demonstrated that methotrexate (MTX) clearly induced EMT through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-related signaling pathway in human alveolar epithelial cell line, A549. Methotrexate 21-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 32113686-2 2020 We demonstrated that methotrexate (MTX) clearly induced EMT through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-related signaling pathway in human alveolar epithelial cell line, A549. Methotrexate 35-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 32375124-7 2020 Besides, osimertinib-resistant exosomes could regulate gene expressions induced by osimertinib, including miRNA-21, miRNA-125b, TGFbeta, ARF6 and c-Kit. osimertinib 9-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-135 32375124-7 2020 Besides, osimertinib-resistant exosomes could regulate gene expressions induced by osimertinib, including miRNA-21, miRNA-125b, TGFbeta, ARF6 and c-Kit. osimertinib 83-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-135 32714602-6 2020 Further fine tuning of TGFbeta pathway by inhibiting BMP signalling with LDN193189 achieves accelerated MSN fate specification. LDN 193189 73-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-30 31932644-7 2020 Furthermore, IMB-S7 treatment significantly suppressed the expression of integrin alphav at the mRNA and protein levels in TGF-beta-treated LX2 cells and liver samples of BDL rats. imb-s7 13-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 32179077-7 2020 Three kinase inhibitors were verified to reduce TGFbeta-induced alphaSMA expression and cellular contractility (rottlerin, PP2, tyrphostin 9). rottlerin 112-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-55 32127355-7 2020 The E3 ligase inhibitor RTA405 enhanced SMAD3-regulated gene expression and reduced growth of HCC cells in culture and xenografts of HCC tumors, suggesting that inhibition of PJA1 may be beneficial in treating HCC or preventing HCC development in at-risk patients.Significance: These findings provide a novel mechanism regulating the tumor suppressor function of TGFbeta in liver carcinogenesis. 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid ethyl amide 24-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 363-370 32006713-0 2020 Nilotinib treatment of patients affected by chronic graft-versus-host disease reduces collagen production and skin fibrosis by down-modulating the TGF-beta and p-SMAD pathway. nilotinib 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 32006713-9 2020 Of note, Nilotinib treatment was associated with normalization of TGF-beta levels both in culture supernatants and in plasma. nilotinib 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 32006713-11 2020 TGF-beta inhibition at intracellular and systemic level represents an essential anti-fibrotic mechanism of Nilotinib in clinical setting. nilotinib 107-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32049375-8 2020 RESULTS: The results showed a decreased TLR4 expression with upregulated IL6, FOXP3, IL10 and TGFbeta mRNA expression as assessed by q-PCR at the site of the MCI/MI skin reaction. mci 158-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-101 32482058-10 2020 CONCLUSION: The combination therapy with PDRN and pirfenidone exerted stronger therapeutic effect against lipopolysaccharide and TGF-beta-induced ARDS environment compared to the PDRN monotherapy or pirfenidone monotherapy. pirfenidone 50-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 32179077-8 2020 The effect of three Src inhibitors, bosutinib, dasatinib, and SU-6656, on myofibroblast differentiation was evaluated, with only dasatinib significantly inhibiting TGFbeta-induced ECM synthesis, alphaSMA expression, and cellular contractility at nanomolar dosages. Dasatinib 129-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-171 32233073-0 2020 TGF-beta/Smad and JAK/STAT pathways are involved in the anti-fibrotic effects of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate on hepatic fibrosis. propylene glycol alginate sodium sulphate 81-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32265437-0 2020 Autophagy inhibition potentiates the anti-EMT effects of alteronol through TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling in melanoma cells. alteronol 57-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 32162383-8 2020 Moreover, marked elevation of LOX, TGF-beta and alpha-SMA was observed in bleomycin-treated VM samples. Bleomycin 74-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 32043204-4 2020 Conversely, Nurr-1 expression was significantly reduced following the combined treatments with SB431542 (the TGFbeta inhibitor) plus BIO or with TGFbeta plus Dkk1 (the specific Wnt inhibitor). 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 95-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-116 32340348-10 2020 MSC-EVs altered the metabolism of Th1-differentiated T cells, suggesting the involvement of the TGF-beta pathway in this metabolic modulation. 2-(beta-D-glucosyl)benzothiazole 34-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 32382300-9 2020 In particular, the expression of TGF-beta, CCL-2, and CXCL1 was significantly suppressed by 1500 mg/kg macmoondong decoction treatment compared with Spiriva treatment. Tiotropium Bromide 149-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 32372949-6 2020 The elevated expression of pro-osteogenic and chondrogenic markers and activation of TGF-beta/BMP, Wnt/beta-catenin pathway confirms the positive effect of angelicin bone remodeling. angelicin 156-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 32277146-7 2020 Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these signatures were associated with pathways related to metabolism of cholesterol, vessel tone regulation, and remodeling, including TGF-beta and SMAD signaling. Cholesterol 117-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-188 32276474-0 2020 Piperine Inhibits TGF-beta Signaling Pathways and Disrupts EMT-Related Events in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. piperine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 32194176-7 2020 Knockdown of Smad7 with a specific antisense oligonucleotide restores TGF-beta signalling and dampen effector immune responses in pre-clinical studies and initial clinical trials in Crohn"s disease patients, even though a recent phase 3 trial was discontinued due to an apparent inefficacy. Oligonucleotides 45-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 32354138-0 2020 rAAV-Mediated Overexpression of SOX9 and TGF-beta via Carbon Dot-Guided Vector Delivery Enhances the Biological Activities in Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Carbon 54-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 32328606-4 2020 At the same time, lycopene treatment elevated the mRNA expression levels of tnfalpha, tgfbeta and hif1alpha in beta cells. Lycopene 18-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-93 32340145-12 2020 Human macrophages cultured with adenosine and/or TGF-beta induced MMT, a process which was reduced by MRS1754. N-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-(4-(2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-1H-purin-8-yl)-phenoxy)acetamide 102-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 32300237-4 2020 Here we have investigated the effect of the more stable phospho-modified Vitamin C (pVC) on TGF-beta-induced FOXP3 expression and the resulting regulatory activity of highly purified human Vgamma9 Vdelta2 T cells. Ascorbic Acid 73-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 32134147-0 2020 Proline biosynthesis is a vent for TGFbeta-induced mitochondrial redox stress. Proline 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-42 32134147-3 2020 Here, we show that TGFbeta promotes protein translation at least in part by increasing the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine carbons to support the bioenergetic demand of translation. Glucose 118-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-26 32134147-3 2020 Here, we show that TGFbeta promotes protein translation at least in part by increasing the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine carbons to support the bioenergetic demand of translation. Glutamine 130-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-26 32134147-3 2020 Here, we show that TGFbeta promotes protein translation at least in part by increasing the mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and glutamine carbons to support the bioenergetic demand of translation. Carbon 140-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-26 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Glucose 68-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Glutamine 80-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Carbon 90-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Trichloroacetic Acid 106-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Proline 153-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-4 2020 Surprisingly, we found that in addition to stimulating the entry of glucose and glutamine carbon into the TCA cycle, TGFbeta induced the biosynthesis of proline from glutamine in a Smad4-dependent fashion. Glutamine 166-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-124 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Proline 6-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Glutamine 118-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Reactive Oxygen Species 164-187 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Reactive Oxygen Species 189-192 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Trichloroacetic Acid 199-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-6 2020 Thus, proline biosynthesis acts as a redox vent, preventing the TGFbeta-induced increase in mitochondrial glucose and glutamine catabolism from generating damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) when TCA cycle activity exceeds the ability of oxidative phosphorylation to convert mitochondrial redox potential into ATP. Adenosine Triphosphate 313-316 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 32134147-7 2020 In turn, the enhanced synthesis of proline supports TGFbeta-induced production of matrix proteins. Proline 35-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-59 32265437-6 2020 Mechanistically, we find that alteronol significantly inhibits Akt/mTOR and TGFbeta/Smad3 pathways, and co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA further potentiate these effects. alteronol 30-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-83 32265437-6 2020 Mechanistically, we find that alteronol significantly inhibits Akt/mTOR and TGFbeta/Smad3 pathways, and co-treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA further potentiate these effects. 3-methyladenine 142-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-83 32265437-7 2020 Our results suggest that alteronol induces cyto-protective autophagy in melanoma cells through inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathway, thus attenuates apoptosis and promotes melanoma cell EMT through TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway. alteronol 25-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 192-200 32303620-9 2020 Blockade of TGF-beta-receptor signaling with the specific kinase inhibitor SD-208 was able to protect CD8+ and CD4+ ROR1-CAR T-cells from the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta, and sustained their antitumor function in vitro and in the microphysiologic 3D tumor model. SD-208 75-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 31987921-5 2020 Mitochondrial Lon induces ROS-dependent production of inflammatory cytokines, such as TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-13, and VEGF-A, which consequently activates EMT, angiogenesis, and M2 macrophage polarization. Reactive Oxygen Species 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 32032576-5 2020 In this study, we investigated whether quercetin affects the HGF- or TGF-alpha induced migration of HuH7 cells. Quercetin 39-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 32236143-11 2020 Interestingly, in both Ishikawa and HEC1a cells, a co-treatment with TGF-beta reduced SGLT1, GYS and phospho-GYS protein levels, and thus reduced glycogen levels and again HEC1a cells had no significant change. Glycogen 146-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 32235836-10 2020 Reducing intracellular copper accumulation by knocking down CTR1 ameliorated kidney fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction induced renal fibrosis model and renal fibroblast cells stimulated by TGF-beta. Copper 23-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 198-206 32337261-7 2020 On the other hand, curcumin downregulated the EMT of LECs through blocking the TGF-beta/Smad pathway and interfering Notch pathway which play important roles in PCO. Curcumin 19-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 32143140-7 2020 These findings suggest that TGFBR2 mediated BUB1 phosphorylation at S318 may serve as a switch for the dissociation of the SMAD2-TGFBR complex, and therefore represents a regulatory event for TGF-beta signaling. 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid 68-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 192-200 32032576-6 2020 Quercetin significantly suppressed both HGF- and TGF-alpha-induced migration of HuH7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-58 32214328-9 2020 CONCLUSION: SB525334 may inhibit the self-renewal, invasion and migration of ovarian CSCs by blocking the TGF-beta/Smad/EMT pathway. 6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline 12-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 32065217-1 2020 The transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-beta) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis through binding to the serine/threonine kinase transmembrane type I and type II receptors. cholecystokinin C-terminal flanking peptide 161-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32065217-1 2020 The transforming growth factor type-beta (TGF-beta) has been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis through binding to the serine/threonine kinase transmembrane type I and type II receptors. glycyl-threonine 168-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32273698-0 2020 Involvement of TGF-beta and ROS in G1 Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Under UVA Irradiation in a 3D Spheroid Model. titanium dioxide 67-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 32273698-7 2020 Conclusion: Nano-TiO2 under UVA irradiation induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and the formation of smaller spheroids, which were associated with TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway activation and ROS generation. titanium dioxide 17-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-161 32178467-0 2020 Antisense Oligonucleotide in LNA-Gapmer Design Targeting TGFBR2-A Key Single Gene Target for Safe and Effective Inhibition of TGFbeta Signaling. Oligonucleotides 10-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-133 32192321-0 2020 Adriamycin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer cells through TGF-beta/MAPK signaling pathway. Doxorubicin 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 32192225-6 2020 Moreover, the PF543 inhibition of SPHK1, or the verteporfin inhibition of YAP1, decreased the TGF-beta- or BLM-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and the expression of fibronectin (FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Verteporfin 48-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 32192225-6 2020 Moreover, the PF543 inhibition of SPHK1, or the verteporfin inhibition of YAP1, decreased the TGF-beta- or BLM-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) and the expression of fibronectin (FN) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). Reactive Oxygen Species 133-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 32256108-7 2020 Results: Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-beta (lncRNA-ATB) was shown to be significantly up-regulated in A549 cells resistant to cisplatin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) (A549/CDDP cells), compared with corresponding levels in parental A549 cells. Cisplatin 134-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32256108-7 2020 Results: Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-beta (lncRNA-ATB) was shown to be significantly up-regulated in A549 cells resistant to cisplatin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) (A549/CDDP cells), compared with corresponding levels in parental A549 cells. Cisplatin 144-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32256108-7 2020 Results: Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-beta (lncRNA-ATB) was shown to be significantly up-regulated in A549 cells resistant to cisplatin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) (A549/CDDP cells), compared with corresponding levels in parental A549 cells. Cisplatin 179-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32256108-7 2020 Results: Long non-coding RNA activated by TGF-beta (lncRNA-ATB) was shown to be significantly up-regulated in A549 cells resistant to cisplatin/cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-DDP) (A549/CDDP cells), compared with corresponding levels in parental A549 cells. Cisplatin 194-198 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 32032644-0 2020 Honokiol: A polyphenol neolignan ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-beta/Smad signaling, matrix proteins and IL-6/CD44/STAT3 axis both in vitro and in vivo. honokiol 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 32032644-0 2020 Honokiol: A polyphenol neolignan ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-beta/Smad signaling, matrix proteins and IL-6/CD44/STAT3 axis both in vitro and in vivo. Polyphenols 12-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 32032644-0 2020 Honokiol: A polyphenol neolignan ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGF-beta/Smad signaling, matrix proteins and IL-6/CD44/STAT3 axis both in vitro and in vivo. Lignans 23-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 31958737-4 2020 One compound, CJJ300, inhibited TGF-beta signaling by disrupting the formation of the TGF-beta-TbetaR-I-TbetaR-II signaling complex. cjj300 14-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 32020064-7 2020 Furthermore, several altered peaks on mass spectra were identified as phosphatidylcholine species in TGF-beta-stimulated HNSCC cells. Phosphatidylcholines 70-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-109 32069041-3 2020 In this sequential strategy, metformin (MET) was firstly administrated to disrupt the dense stroma, based on the fact that MET down-regulated the expression of fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta to suppress the activity of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) path-way of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Metformin 29-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-188 32069041-3 2020 In this sequential strategy, metformin (MET) was firstly administrated to disrupt the dense stroma, based on the fact that MET down-regulated the expression of fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta to suppress the activity of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) path-way of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Metformin 40-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-188 32069041-3 2020 In this sequential strategy, metformin (MET) was firstly administrated to disrupt the dense stroma, based on the fact that MET down-regulated the expression of fibrogenic cytokine TGF-beta to suppress the activity of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) path-way of PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. Metformin 123-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-188 32139727-4 2020 MSCs from clotted V-BMA showed the highest cell viability and growth factors expression (TGF-beta, VEGF-A, FGF2), the greatest colony forming unit (CFU) potency, cellular homogeneity, ability to differentiate towards the osteogenic (COL1AI, TNFRSF11B, BGLAP) and chondrogenic phenotype (SOX9) and the lowest ability to differentiate toward the adipogenic lineage (ADIPOQ) in comparison to all the other culture conditions. v-bma 18-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 31969231-8 2020 LEF could also promote apoptosis of M2 and reduce the release of M2-derived CCL22 as well as the expression of profibrotic cytokines including CCL22 and TGF-beta in M2. lef 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-161 31958737-4 2020 One compound, CJJ300, inhibited TGF-beta signaling by disrupting the formation of the TGF-beta-TbetaR-I-TbetaR-II signaling complex. cjj300 14-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 31958737-5 2020 Treatment of A549 cells with CJJ300 resulted in the inhibition of downstream signaling events such as the phosphorylation of key factors along the TGF-beta pathway and the induction of EMT markers. cjj300 29-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 31958737-8 2020 Therefore, CJJ300 can be an important lead compound with which to study TGF-beta signaling and to design more potent TGF-beta signaling antagonists. cjj300 11-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-80 31958737-8 2020 Therefore, CJJ300 can be an important lead compound with which to study TGF-beta signaling and to design more potent TGF-beta signaling antagonists. cjj300 11-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 32106002-0 2020 The dual roles of calycosin in growth inhibition and metastatic progression during pancreatic cancer development: A "TGF-beta paradox". 7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone 18-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 32189173-10 2020 However, SP600125 effectively reversed the above effect induced by TGF-beta1 treatment in corneal fibroblasts, including the TGF-beta-induced autophagy progression. pyrazolanthrone 9-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 31913757-0 2020 TGFbeta receptor endocytosis and Smad signaling require synaptojanin1, PI3K-C2alpha-, and INPP4B-mediated phosphoinositide conversions. Phosphatidylinositols 106-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 31913757-4 2020 TGFbeta induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFbeta receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. pi(4,5)p2 35-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 31913757-4 2020 TGFbeta induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFbeta receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. pi(4,5)p2 35-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-147 31913757-4 2020 TGFbeta induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFbeta receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. pi(4)p 91-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 31913757-4 2020 TGFbeta induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFbeta receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. phosphoinositide-3,4-bisphosphate 124-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 31913757-4 2020 TGFbeta induced rapid decreases in PI(4,5)P2 at the plasma membrane (PM) with increases in PI(4)P, followed by increases in PI(3,4)P2, in a TGFbeta receptor kinase ALK5-dependent manner. phosphoinositide-3,4-bisphosphate 124-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-147 31913757-6 2020 Knockdown of synaptojanin1 abolished TGFbeta-induced PI(4,5)P2 decreases and PI(4)P increases. pi(4,5)p2 53-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-44 31913757-7 2020 Interestingly, PI3K-C2alpha KD abolished not only TGFbeta-induced PI(3,4)P2 increases but also TGFbeta-induced synaptojanin1 recruitment to the PM, PI(4,5)P2 decreases, and PI(4)P increases. phosphoinositide-3,4-bisphosphate 66-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-57 31913757-7 2020 Interestingly, PI3K-C2alpha KD abolished not only TGFbeta-induced PI(3,4)P2 increases but also TGFbeta-induced synaptojanin1 recruitment to the PM, PI(4,5)P2 decreases, and PI(4)P increases. pi(4,5)p2 148-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-102 31913757-8 2020 Finally, the phosphoinositide conversions were necessary for TGFbeta-induced activation of Smad2 and Smad3. Phosphatidylinositols 13-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-68 31913757-9 2020 These observations demonstrate that the sequential phosphoinositide conversions mediated by Synj1, PI3K-C2alpha, and INPP4B are essential for TGFbeta receptor endocytosis and its signaling. Phosphatidylinositols 51-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-149 32521909-0 2020 Bleomycin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of brain glioma cells via TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Bleomycin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 32521909-1 2020 PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of bleomycin (BLM) on the proliferation and apoptosis of brain glioma cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smads signaling pathway. Bleomycin 41-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 155-163 32194897-0 2020 Fatty acid extracts facilitate cutaneous wound healing through activating AKT, ERK, and TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling and promoting angiogenesis. Fatty Acids 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 32074129-0 2020 Human and mouse activin genes: Divergent expression of activin A protein variants and identification of a novel heparan sulfate-binding domain in activin B. Activins are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of signaling proteins and were originally identified as components of follicular fluid. Heparitin Sulfate 112-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-226 32075634-6 2020 In vitro study, expression of fibrotic protein was examined and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-related signaling was evaluated in human pulmonary fibroblasts (HPFs) treated with curdione following TGF-beta1 stimulation. curdione 189-197 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-105 32158748-11 2020 M0 resting state macrophages common response to all silver-containing dressings used in this study was to increase the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-beta, which indicates an acquisition of M2-like macrophages characteristics. Silver 52-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-172 32098220-6 2020 CG suppressed both activation of RAS and up-regulation of TGFbeta signals in angiotensin II-stimulated HK-2 cells, a human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line. N1-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N8-hydroxy-2-((naphthalene-1-loxy)methyl)oct-2-enediamide 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-65 32194897-8 2020 Our findings suggest that FAs can promote cutaneous wound healing by inducing angiogenesis, partly by activating AKT, ERK, and TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling. Fatty Acids 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 32245324-8 2020 TGF-beta increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 (p=0.02 and p=0.001) and TNF-alpha (p =0.014 and p = 0.001) in a time-dependent manner, ROS production (p=0.03) and Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.015). Reactive Oxygen Species 135-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31887333-0 2020 TCDD inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of human fetal palatal mesenchymal cells through AhR and BMP-2/TGF-beta/Smad signaling. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 32201528-3 2020 This study aims to investigate the effect of anti-TGF-beta on the polarization of TANs from a pro-tumor phenotype towards an anti-tumor phenotype in CRC. tans 82-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 32201528-6 2020 Anti-TGF-beta treatment increased the cytotoxicity of TANs and decreased the metastatic chemoattractants secreted by TANs, and ultimately increased the apoptosis of CRC cells significantly while remarkably suppressing the migration of tumor cells. tans 54-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 5-13 32201528-6 2020 Anti-TGF-beta treatment increased the cytotoxicity of TANs and decreased the metastatic chemoattractants secreted by TANs, and ultimately increased the apoptosis of CRC cells significantly while remarkably suppressing the migration of tumor cells. tans 117-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 5-13 32024722-8 2020 The transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signalling pathway is upregulated in Sch-PAH and iPAH. sch-pah 79-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-41 32028632-8 2020 Moreover, blocking the TGF-beta pathway using the SMAD3 inhibitor, SIS3, enhanced cetuximab efficacy and prevented the progression of CetuximabProg-PDX. 6,7-dimethyl-2-(2E)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridin-3-yl-prop-2-enoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride 67-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-31 32245324-3 2020 In the present study, we investigate the effect of curcumin on modulating the pro-inflammatory action of TGF-beta in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its molecular mechanisms. Curcumin 51-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 105-113 32031573-12 2020 TGF-beta-induced PKA activation was blocked by H89 pretreatment. N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 30963410-7 2020 Overall, our findings documented that selenium supplementation for 8 weeks to infertile women candidate for IVF improved IL-1, TNF-alpha, and VEGF gene expression, though selenium had no effect on clinical symptoms and, IL-8 and TGF-beta gene expression. Selenium 38-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 229-237 31919041-0 2020 Salidroside enhances proliferation and maintains phenotype of articular chondrocytes for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) via TGF-beta/Smad3 Signal. rhodioloside 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-143 31919041-7 2020 The TGF-beta/smad3 signal which may involve in the protective effect of salidroside on chondrocytes was also detected by ELISA and qRT-PCR assays. rhodioloside 72-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 31919041-12 2020 Additional experiments demonstrated that salidroside promotes the proliferation and maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes by activate the TGF-beta/smad3 signal. rhodioloside 41-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 139-147 32250253-7 2020 However, later on, PL enhanced the number of CD25+ T cells releasing TGF-beta and expressing Foxp3 RNA, which was accompanied by a suppression in the level of type 1 cytokines. pl 19-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 32245324-9 2020 Pre-treatment with curcumin, DPI and NAC inhibited TGF-beta-induced IL-6 (p=0.04) and TNF-alpha (p=0.001) mRNA expression, Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.02) and ROS production (0.03). Curcumin 19-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 32245324-9 2020 Pre-treatment with curcumin, DPI and NAC inhibited TGF-beta-induced IL-6 (p=0.04) and TNF-alpha (p=0.001) mRNA expression, Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.02) and ROS production (0.03). 3-aminodiphenyleneiodium 29-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 32245324-9 2020 Pre-treatment with curcumin, DPI and NAC inhibited TGF-beta-induced IL-6 (p=0.04) and TNF-alpha (p=0.001) mRNA expression, Smad2L phosphorylation (p=0.02) and ROS production (0.03). Reactive Oxygen Species 159-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 32245324-10 2020 Pharmacological inhibition by Curcumin blocks TGF-beta-induced ROS production, Smad2L phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in human VSMCs. Curcumin 30-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 32245324-10 2020 Pharmacological inhibition by Curcumin blocks TGF-beta-induced ROS production, Smad2L phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in human VSMCs. Reactive Oxygen Species 63-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 32237529-1 2020 It is reported that dihydroartemisinin could reduce the expression of phosphorylated adhesion kinase and matrix metalloproteinase-2, inhibit the growth, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells, promote the formation of Treg cells through TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway, and play an immunosuppressive role; dihydroartemisinin could also inhibit the growth of lung cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) receptor KDR. artenimol 20-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 245-253 31610043-11 2020 RESULTS: We have found that the stimulation of arecoline on FBs increased interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-21 (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-21) while decreased transforming growth cytokine-beta (TGF-beta). Arecoline 47-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 198-206 31963327-0 2020 TGF-beta/Smad3 Signalling Modulates GABA Neurotransmission: Implications in Parkinson"s Disease. gamma-hydroxy-gamma-ethyl-gamma-phenylbutyramide 36-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31877027-0 2020 Graphene Oxide Promotes Cancer Metastasis through Associating with Plasma Membrane To Promote TGF-beta Signaling-Dependent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. graphene oxide 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 31830578-2 2020 In this study, we reported the preparation and evaluation of naringenin (Nar) -loaded albumin self-modified liposomes (NaAlLs), which delivered Nar, a specific Smad3 inhibitor that blocked the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway and played an anti-fibrosis role. naringenin 61-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-201 31830578-2 2020 In this study, we reported the preparation and evaluation of naringenin (Nar) -loaded albumin self-modified liposomes (NaAlLs), which delivered Nar, a specific Smad3 inhibitor that blocked the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway and played an anti-fibrosis role. naringenin 73-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-201 31830578-2 2020 In this study, we reported the preparation and evaluation of naringenin (Nar) -loaded albumin self-modified liposomes (NaAlLs), which delivered Nar, a specific Smad3 inhibitor that blocked the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway and played an anti-fibrosis role. naringenin 144-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-201 32158279-0 2020 TGF-beta-Induced TMEPAI Attenuates the Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel. Doxorubicin 90-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32158279-0 2020 TGF-beta-Induced TMEPAI Attenuates the Response of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel. Paclitaxel 106-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32158279-11 2020 Our findings suggest that TGF-beta-induced TMEPAI attenuates the response of TNBC to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but not to cisplatin and bicalutamide. Doxorubicin 85-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32158279-11 2020 Our findings suggest that TGF-beta-induced TMEPAI attenuates the response of TNBC to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but not to cisplatin and bicalutamide. Paclitaxel 101-111 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 32158279-12 2020 Conclusion: TGF-beta induced TMEPAI contributes to the reduced response of TNBC treatment to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but minimal on cisplatin and bicalutamide. Doxorubicin 93-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 32158279-12 2020 Conclusion: TGF-beta induced TMEPAI contributes to the reduced response of TNBC treatment to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but minimal on cisplatin and bicalutamide. Paclitaxel 109-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 32158279-12 2020 Conclusion: TGF-beta induced TMEPAI contributes to the reduced response of TNBC treatment to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but minimal on cisplatin and bicalutamide. Cisplatin 136-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 32158279-12 2020 Conclusion: TGF-beta induced TMEPAI contributes to the reduced response of TNBC treatment to doxorubicin and paclitaxel, but minimal on cisplatin and bicalutamide. bicalutamide 150-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 31963327-5 2020 Moreover, TGF-beta/Smad3 intracellular signalling was recently shown to modulate GABA neurotransmission in the context of parkinsonism and cognitive alterations. gamma-hydroxy-gamma-ethyl-gamma-phenylbutyramide 81-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-18 31963327-6 2020 This review provides a summary of GABA neurotransmission and TGF-beta signalling; their implications in PD; and the regulation of GABA neurotransmission by TGF-beta/Smad3. gamma-hydroxy-gamma-ethyl-gamma-phenylbutyramide 130-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-164 32006823-7 2020 One pathway closely associated with serotonin involves transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and the two pathways share a common ability to activate mitral valve valvular interstitial cells in both humans and dogs. Serotonin 36-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 31664285-0 2020 Polyethyleneimine coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles induce autophagy, NF-kappaB and TGF-beta signaling pathway activation in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species generation. Polyethyleneimine 0-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 31664285-0 2020 Polyethyleneimine coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles induce autophagy, NF-kappaB and TGF-beta signaling pathway activation in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species generation. ferryl iron 25-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 31664285-6 2020 More significantly, we have found that autophagy induction and NF-kappaB and TGF-beta activation can be efficiently suppressed through the inhibition of PEI-MNP dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) over-production. Reactive Oxygen Species 171-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-85 32741805-0 2020 TGF-beta downregulation overcomes gemcitabine resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma. gemcitabine 34-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 32741805-5 2020 Then, we found that TGF-beta downregulation effectively reduced NF-kappaB and AKT phosphorylation levels after the administration of gemcitabine and increased the OSCC sensitivity to gemcitabine, resulting in cell death and the blunting of OSCC resistance to gemcitabine. gemcitabine 133-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 32741805-5 2020 Then, we found that TGF-beta downregulation effectively reduced NF-kappaB and AKT phosphorylation levels after the administration of gemcitabine and increased the OSCC sensitivity to gemcitabine, resulting in cell death and the blunting of OSCC resistance to gemcitabine. gemcitabine 183-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 32741805-5 2020 Then, we found that TGF-beta downregulation effectively reduced NF-kappaB and AKT phosphorylation levels after the administration of gemcitabine and increased the OSCC sensitivity to gemcitabine, resulting in cell death and the blunting of OSCC resistance to gemcitabine. gemcitabine 183-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 32741805-7 2020 CONCLUSION: Cellular levels of TGF-beta constitute an important factor in gemcitabine resistance and TGF-beta silencing might represent a novel and potent strategy for overcoming OSCC resistance to gemcitabine. gemcitabine 74-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 32741805-7 2020 CONCLUSION: Cellular levels of TGF-beta constitute an important factor in gemcitabine resistance and TGF-beta silencing might represent a novel and potent strategy for overcoming OSCC resistance to gemcitabine. gemcitabine 198-209 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-109 31953203-0 2020 Nagilactone D ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo via modulating TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Nagilactone C 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 32612071-9 2020 SB431542, a TGF-beta inhibitor, significantly reversed these events. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 32329036-4 2020 Under evaluation in this study, was the role of TRP channels in the differentiation of human ventricular CFs induced by transforming the growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a pro-fibrotic cytokine. Tryptophan 48-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-165 32974616-9 2020 The results of GSEA showed that genes were mainly enriched in cell cycle, cell proliferation, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signalling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. gsea 15-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 32238143-7 2020 The immunmodulatory effects of the active metabolite of vitamin D (alpha-25 (OH)2D3) on the production of NO, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-beta and s-CTLA-4 was assessed by Griess method and ELISA, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Algerian MetS patients and HC. Vitamin D 56-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 32863303-5 2020 Moreover, the mRNA expression of anti-inflammation cytokine (TGF-beta), tight junction (Occludin, ZO-1) in the jejunum by different ZnO administration were significantly increased compared with the NC group, while mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-8), membrane channels that transport water (AQP3) and miR-122a were significantly decreased. Zinc Oxide 132-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 33072849-8 2020 Others include TGF-beta family member GDF15, mediating inflammation, and VKORC1, possibly explaining vitamin K deficiency in COVID-19. Vitamin K 101-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 33063836-6 2020 Daily administration of the inhibitor of the TGFbeta intracellular pathway, SB431542, during 7 days from the re-differentiation phase, resulted in a decreased level of pSmad3 accompanied by a transitory higher growth of the new tissue, larger cartilage nodules, and new muscle formation. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 76-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-52 32062117-1 2020 INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease that can provoke fibrosis through the elevated concentration of TGF-beta. Estrogens 34-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 32713855-0 2020 Cardiac differentiation of bone-marrow-resident c-kit+ stem cells by L-carnitine increases through secretion of VEGF, IL6, IGF-1, and TGF- beta as clinical agents in cardiac regeneration. Carnitine 69-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 31746388-3 2020 The present study explored the effects of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), a cholesterol-depleting agent of lipid rafts, on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mediating EMT in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin 42-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-178 31746388-7 2020 Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate, an inhibitor of ER stress, suppressed these effects of HP-beta-CD on EMT and TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway inhibition in breast cancer cells. 4-phenylbutyric acid 0-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 31746388-8 2020 Thus, HP-beta-CD can block the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway via diminishing the expression of TbetaRI which helps to activate ER stress and attenuate EMT in MDA-MB-231 cells, highlighting a potential target of lipid rafts for breast cancer treatment. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin 6-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 31436806-8 2019 In addition, specific EV-fractions shed by cisplatin-resistant cells were sufficient to transfer the resistant phenotype to sensitive cells through activation of TGFbeta-signaling pathway. Cisplatin 43-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-169 31921893-7 2019 The effect of ET1 on miR-29 and TGFbeta expression/secretion was antagonized by N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Indeglitazar 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 31921893-7 2019 The effect of ET1 on miR-29 and TGFbeta expression/secretion was antagonized by N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Acetylcysteine 80-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 31921893-7 2019 The effect of ET1 on miR-29 and TGFbeta expression/secretion was antagonized by N-acetyl-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Reactive Oxygen Species 101-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 32203941-5 2019 Exposure of MC to the studied dialysates caused intracellular oxidative stress and significantly increased expression of the genes regulating the synthesis of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methylcholanthrene 12-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 258-266 31575437-4 2019 Using particulate PMMA, a material that resembled wear debris in orthopedic implants, to stimulate whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we found that the expression of IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-17, and TGFbeta could all be upregulated in CD4 T cells in a manner that was dependent on the dose of particulate PMMA. Polymethyl Methacrylate 306-310 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 200-207 31032902-7 2019 Mechanistically, TGFbeta-induced Snail1 promotes the epigenetic mark of asymmetrically dimethylated arginine. Arginine 100-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-24 31623832-6 2019 RNA sequencing analysis results from C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate showed that palmitate could activate the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Palmitates 65-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 31623832-6 2019 RNA sequencing analysis results from C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate showed that palmitate could activate the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Palmitates 87-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 31819036-0 2019 Sanguinarine inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition via targeting HIF-1alpha/TGF-beta feed-forward loop in hepatocellular carcinoma. sanguinarine 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-89 31819036-6 2019 In hypoxic and TGF-beta cell models, sanguinarine inhibits HIF-1alpha signaling and the expression of EMT markers, translocation of Snail and activation of both Smad and PI3K-AKT pathways. sanguinarine 37-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 31819036-7 2019 Sanguinarine could also inhibit TGF-beta-induced cell migration in HCC cells. sanguinarine 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 31819036-9 2019 Our findings suggest that sanguinarine is a promising candidate targeting HIF-1alpha/TGF-beta signaling to improve the treatment for HCC patients. sanguinarine 26-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 31757777-0 2019 Ethanol promotes alcohol-related colorectal cancer metastasis via the TGF-beta/RUNX3/Snail axis by inducing TGF-beta1 upregulation and RUNX3 cytoplasmic mislocalization. Ethanol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 31757777-0 2019 Ethanol promotes alcohol-related colorectal cancer metastasis via the TGF-beta/RUNX3/Snail axis by inducing TGF-beta1 upregulation and RUNX3 cytoplasmic mislocalization. Alcohols 17-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 31757777-8 2019 Alcohol intake significantly promoted CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-beta/Smad/Snail axis, and ethanol induced the cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 and further promoted the aggressiveness of CRC by targeting Snail. Alcohols 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 31757777-8 2019 Alcohol intake significantly promoted CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-beta/Smad/Snail axis, and ethanol induced the cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 and further promoted the aggressiveness of CRC by targeting Snail. Ethanol 61-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 31757777-9 2019 Pirfenidone (PFD) significantly eliminated the effects of ethanol on CRC metastasis by specifically blocking TGF-beta signalling. pirfenidone 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 31757777-9 2019 Pirfenidone (PFD) significantly eliminated the effects of ethanol on CRC metastasis by specifically blocking TGF-beta signalling. pirfenidone 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 31757777-9 2019 Pirfenidone (PFD) significantly eliminated the effects of ethanol on CRC metastasis by specifically blocking TGF-beta signalling. Ethanol 58-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 31757777-10 2019 INTERPRETATION: Alcohol intake plays a vital role in CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-beta/RUNX3/Snail axis, and PFD might be a novel therapeutic management strategy for CRC. Alcohols 16-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 31757777-10 2019 INTERPRETATION: Alcohol intake plays a vital role in CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-beta/RUNX3/Snail axis, and PFD might be a novel therapeutic management strategy for CRC. Ethanol 76-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 31575437-4 2019 Using particulate PMMA, a material that resembled wear debris in orthopedic implants, to stimulate whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we found that the expression of IFNgamma, IL-4, IL-17, and TGFbeta could all be upregulated in CD4 T cells in a manner that was dependent on the dose of particulate PMMA. Polymethyl Methacrylate 18-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 200-207 31669139-7 2019 The small molecule receptor antagonists, ST1571 (imatinib) and LY2109761, were used to block the PDGFbeta/pErk and TGFbeta/pSmad2/3 signaling pathways, respectively. Imatinib Mesylate 49-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-122 31467426-8 2019 In human LX-2 cells alfacalcidol reduced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induced platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta protein expression and contractility while paricalcitol (PCT), in its equipotent dose to CAL, reduced TGF-beta induced alpha-SMA protein expression, and ACTA2 and TGF-beta mRNA expression. alfacalcidol 20-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 31467426-8 2019 In human LX-2 cells alfacalcidol reduced transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induced platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta protein expression and contractility while paricalcitol (PCT), in its equipotent dose to CAL, reduced TGF-beta induced alpha-SMA protein expression, and ACTA2 and TGF-beta mRNA expression. alfacalcidol 20-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 239-247 32203941-6 2019 Secretion of the studied molecules from MC treated with dialysates was increased: by 96% for IL-6 (P < 0.01), 34% for MCP-1(P < 0.01), 24% for TGF-beta (P < 0.01), 27% for VCAM-1 (P < 0.01), and by 15% for VEGF (P < 0.01). Methylcholanthrene 40-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-151 31419547-8 2019 Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) fusion with the third disulfide loop of TGF-alpha (TGF3L-TRAIL) fused with the NCTR25-tag retained the stability and superactivity of His-TGF3L-TRAIL. Disulfides 105-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 32109988-10 2019 Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that Ado remarkably inhibited the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CD31, while interference with RhoGDI2 restored the expression of the above-mentioned angiogenic factors. Adenosine 56-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-127 31018252-7 2019 Assessment of TGF-beta serum levels in EAC patients revealed that high levels after neoadjuvant treatment predicted the presence of fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes on the post-chemoradiation positron emission tomography-scan. Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 132-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 31519322-3 2019 This study was aim to explore the potential therapeutic properties of Ac2-26, a mimetic peptide of AnnexinA1 (AnxA1), on TGF-beta induced human corneal myofibroblast differentiation and mechanical injury-induced mouse corneal haze. annexin A1 peptide (2-26) 70-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 31686264-7 2019 Immune markers such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta show higher levels in ATPDs as compared to healthy controls. atpds 75-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 31690033-7 2019 Collectively, our findings propose novel mechanisms in which exogenous Treg-dependent upregulation of TGF-beta and mesenchymal markers is important for augmenting the migration capacity and invasiveness of melanoma, thereby contributing to the metastasis. treg 71-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 31695131-7 2019 At the same time, TGFbeta treatment led to Smad2/3-dependent dysregulation of autophagy in TM cells, characterized by increased LC3-II levels and autophagic vacuoles content. lc3-ii 128-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-25 31743935-6 2019 Both sakuraso-saponin (1.0 mug/mL) and MMC (200 mug/mL) treatment significantly reduced the expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta in HPFs (P < 0.05). sakurasosaponin 5-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 31485642-11 2019 Collagen hyperplasia and TGF-beta expression were decreased in both the miRNA-1 antagomir and bortezomib groups, although the effects of the miRNA-1 antagomir were more noticeable. Bortezomib 94-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-33 31743935-6 2019 Both sakuraso-saponin (1.0 mug/mL) and MMC (200 mug/mL) treatment significantly reduced the expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta in HPFs (P < 0.05). Mitomycin 39-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 31743935-7 2019 It is interesting that the expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta after treatment with sakuraso-saponin was significantly lower than that after treatment with MMC (P < 0.05). sakurasosaponin 85-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 31648327-6 2019 The pharmacologic restoration of SMAD1 expression by the demethylating agent decitabine (DAC) sensitizes cells to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and reverses the growth of initially SMAD1- cell lines in ectopic and orthotopic models. Decitabine 77-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 31702018-0 2019 Downregulation of LINC01638 lncRNA inhibits migration and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by reducing TGF-beta signaling. linc01638 18-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 32245290-1 2019 Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure injures different organs such as the lungs and leads to short and long term complications Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has the main role in altering fibroblast activities linked to airways remodeling. Mustard Gas 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 32245290-1 2019 Sulfur mustard (SM) exposure injures different organs such as the lungs and leads to short and long term complications Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) has the main role in altering fibroblast activities linked to airways remodeling. Mustard Gas 16-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 31648327-6 2019 The pharmacologic restoration of SMAD1 expression by the demethylating agent decitabine (DAC) sensitizes cells to TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and reverses the growth of initially SMAD1- cell lines in ectopic and orthotopic models. Decitabine 89-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 31527052-5 2019 Treatment of lung fibroblasts with pracinostat broadly attenuated TGFbeta-mediated epigenetic repression and promoted fibroblast quiescence. SB939 compound 35-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-73 31590361-7 2019 In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of renal endothelial toxicity of high glucose/glucose by-products, which encompass changes in synthesis of growth factors like TGF-beta and VEGF, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and reduction of NO bioavailability. Glucose 82-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 31401066-7 2019 Our results showed that Comb1, a cocktail of inhibitors for EGF and TGF-beta pathways and their intermediates, effectively reduced the DsRed2 population to 34%. comb1 24-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 31465732-10 2019 TGF-beta receptor inhibitor LY2109761 could suppress the CAFs-induced cellular proliferation and migration of PC-3 cells but not LNCaP cells. LY2109761 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31336100-4 2019 Additional exogenous TGFbeta (0.4 nM) exposure potentiated this effect and increased Furin expression in a TGFbeta type I receptor activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5) - dependent manner (prevented by 10 muM SB431542). 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 200-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-28 31590361-7 2019 In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of renal endothelial toxicity of high glucose/glucose by-products, which encompass changes in synthesis of growth factors like TGF-beta and VEGF, induction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and reduction of NO bioavailability. Glucose 90-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 31481735-4 2019 Eribulin, vinorelbine and in some cases, ixabepalone, but not paclitaxel, inhibited TGF-beta-mediated Snail expression by impairing the microtubule-dependent nuclear localisation of Smad2/3. ixabepalone 41-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 31581661-9 2019 TGF-beta signaling, including the androgen/TGF-beta inhibitor Prostate transmembrane protein androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1), was the only pathway impacted by curcumin treatment after 48 h. Our findings also established that MYC Proto-Oncogene, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Transcription Factor (MYC) signaling was down-regulated in curcumin-treated cell lines. Curcumin 155-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31581661-9 2019 TGF-beta signaling, including the androgen/TGF-beta inhibitor Prostate transmembrane protein androgen-induced 1 (PMEPA1), was the only pathway impacted by curcumin treatment after 48 h. Our findings also established that MYC Proto-Oncogene, basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) Transcription Factor (MYC) signaling was down-regulated in curcumin-treated cell lines. Curcumin 330-338 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31481735-5 2019 In contrast, eribulin and vinorelbine promoted a TGF-beta-independent increase in Slug in cells with low Smad4. Vinorelbine 26-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 31556245-13 2019 Finally, we found that minocycline attenuates WM injury by increasing the expression of TGF-beta and suppressing MAPK activation after ICH. Minocycline 23-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 31556245-14 2019 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that TGF-beta-mediated MAPK signaling contributes to WM injury after ICH, which can be altered by minocycline treatment. Minocycline 133-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 31262519-5 2019 TGF-betasRII, a blocker of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), can attenuate the effects of Treg elevation, suggesting that TGF-beta is the main cytokine, while Breg cells rather than interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulate the differentiation of Treg cells. treg 100-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31262519-5 2019 TGF-betasRII, a blocker of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), can attenuate the effects of Treg elevation, suggesting that TGF-beta is the main cytokine, while Breg cells rather than interleukin-10 (IL-10) regulate the differentiation of Treg cells. treg 100-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 30864227-12 2019 The combination of HMGB1 short interference (si) RNA and the autophagy activator rapamycin protected against podocyte apoptosis and EMT progression by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR and TGF-beta/smad signaling pathway, respectively. Sirolimus 81-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-187 31432132-0 2019 TGF-beta induces periodontal ligament stem cell senescence through increase of ROS production. Reactive Oxygen Species 79-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31185146-7 2019 RSV exerts its effects through influencing RAGE, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta activities. Resveratrol 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-183 31427443-12 2019 Serum 25(OH)D concentration was inversely associated with TGF-beta levels in COPD patients. 25(oh)d 6-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 31427443-13 2019 In vitro experiments showed that active vitamin D3 inhibits TGF-beta-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation in MRC-5 cells. Cholecalciferol 40-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 31427443-14 2019 Furthermore, vitamin D concentration was inversely correlated with TGF-beta/Smad signaling and EMT in COPD patients, suggesting EMT as a vital mediator of COPD development in patients with low vitamin D concentrations. Vitamin D 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 31513610-6 2019 DOX also increased MMP1, IL-6, TGF-beta and collagen expression in human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs). Doxorubicin 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 30861304-2 2019 Previously, we have shown that silica nanoparticles sized 50 nm (Si50) induce release of CXCL8 and IL-6 from BEAS-2B cells, via mechanisms involving NFkappaB, p38 MAP kinase and TGF-alpha-activated EGF receptor. Silicon Dioxide 31-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-187 30861304-6 2019 The release of TGF-alpha induced by Si50 (200 microg/mL) was significantly reduced by NAC, but not by DPI nor siRNA against NADPH oxidase DUOX-1 (siDUOX-1). Acetylcysteine 86-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 31662989-7 2019 Results: ALK5 (SB505124) and TAK1 (5Z-oxozeaenol) inhibitors completely suppressed TGFbeta-induced VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein production. 2-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine hydrochloride 15-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-90 31662989-7 2019 Results: ALK5 (SB505124) and TAK1 (5Z-oxozeaenol) inhibitors completely suppressed TGFbeta-induced VEGF mRNA expression and VEGF protein production. 5z-oxozeaenol 35-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-90 31662989-9 2019 The p38 inhibitor (SB203580) partially inhibited TGFbeta-mediated VEGF mRNA and VEGF protein production. SB 203580 19-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 31054202-8 2019 More importantly, a similar anti-fibrotic effect of butaprost was observed in human precision-cut kidney slices exposed to TGF-beta. butaprost 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 31054202-9 2019 The mechanism of action of butaprost appeared to be a direct effect on TGF-beta/Smad signalling, which was independent of the cAMP/PKA pathway. butaprost 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 31228713-14 2019 B cells from Fingolimod-treated patients induced a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines in T cells, while increased transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)+ B and T cells, and downregulated IL2-secretion from proliferative T cells. Fingolimod Hydrochloride 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-159 31221438-5 2019 RESULTS: Dexamethasone induced a semi-mature phenotype on TRIMEL/DC with low maturation surface marker expressions, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine induction (IL-1beta and IL-12) and increased release of regulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-beta). Dexamethasone 9-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 240-248 31131472-2 2019 Our research was taken to identify the effects of lentiviral-mediated Smad4 gene silencing on chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cells to adriamycin (ADM) via transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway. Doxorubicin 138-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 192-199 31131472-2 2019 Our research was taken to identify the effects of lentiviral-mediated Smad4 gene silencing on chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cells to adriamycin (ADM) via transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway. Doxorubicin 150-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 192-199 31278993-0 2019 Trichostatin a inhibits phenotypic transition and induces apoptosis of the TAF-treated normal colonic epithelial cells through regulation of TGF-beta pathway. trichostatin A 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-149 31125781-5 2019 The expression of TGF-alpha and Ki-67 were detected by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded patient tissue specimens. Paraffin 87-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 31336560-8 2019 TGF-beta receptor kinase I inhibitor (LY364947) can revert the TGF-beta effect in these cells. Ly-364947 38-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31028577-0 2019 Curcumin Modulates Paraquat-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by Regulating Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) in A549 Cells. Curcumin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 31028577-0 2019 Curcumin Modulates Paraquat-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by Regulating Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) in A549 Cells. Paraquat 19-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 31028577-6 2019 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) that seems to be involved in PQ-induced EMT was enhanced after PQ intoxication, but curcumin pretreatment has effectively inhibited its expression. Paraquat 72-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 31028577-6 2019 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) that seems to be involved in PQ-induced EMT was enhanced after PQ intoxication, but curcumin pretreatment has effectively inhibited its expression. Paraquat 106-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 31028577-8 2019 These results demonstrate that curcumin can regulate PQ-induced EMT by regulating the expression of TGF-beta. Curcumin 31-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 31028577-8 2019 These results demonstrate that curcumin can regulate PQ-induced EMT by regulating the expression of TGF-beta. Paraquat 53-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 31094056-7 2019 Furthermore, we observed that TECs treated with TGF-beta were more competent in promoting in vivo tumor growth than TECs treated with TGF-beta and FGF2. tecs 30-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 31094056-7 2019 Furthermore, we observed that TECs treated with TGF-beta were more competent in promoting in vivo tumor growth than TECs treated with TGF-beta and FGF2. tecs 116-120 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-142 31404091-2 2019 Losartan, a blood pressure (BP) lowering angiotensin II (AngII) receptor type 1 (ATR1) blocker (ARB) with unique anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) properties, can protect muscles in various types of MD such as Duchenne MD, suggesting a potential benefit for LGMD2B patients. Losartan 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-159 31153006-10 2019 Taken together, these findings highlight the role of PML NBs in the enhancement by IFN of TGF-beta-induced apoptosis and caspase 8 activation. Bromosuccinimide 57-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 30806958-8 2019 The results showed that Silymarin promoted Treg proliferation at 100 muM concentration after 72 h. Additionally, IL-10, TGF-beta levels, and FOXP3, JAK3, and STAT5 gene expression enhanced by Silymarin dose and time dependently. Silymarin 24-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 30806958-8 2019 The results showed that Silymarin promoted Treg proliferation at 100 muM concentration after 72 h. Additionally, IL-10, TGF-beta levels, and FOXP3, JAK3, and STAT5 gene expression enhanced by Silymarin dose and time dependently. Silymarin 192-201 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 30464333-11 2019 MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BALF and CTGF, TGF-beta, and TSLP in lungs significantly decreased in OVA + anti-TSLP and PBS groups compared with OVA group. ova 89-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 30464333-11 2019 MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BALF and CTGF, TGF-beta, and TSLP in lungs significantly decreased in OVA + anti-TSLP and PBS groups compared with OVA group. pbs 109-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 31204302-2 2019 Here we abrogated transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) by deleting Tgfbr2 in mesenchymal cells using a doxycycline-repressible Sp7 (osterix)-Cre transgene. Doxycycline 164-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 31354524-9 2019 In addition, melatonin counteracted the stimulatory effect of radiation on FGFR3, TGFalpha, JAG1, IGF-1, and KDR mRNA expression and reduced ANPEP expression. Melatonin 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 30936016-0 2019 15-Deoxy-Delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2 acts cooperatively with prednisolone to reduce TGF-beta-induced pro-fibrotic pathways in human osteoarthritis fibroblasts. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 0-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 33405728-7 2019 Immunohistochemistry of CD206 and TGF-beta expression indicated less M2 macrophage infiltration and a minor inflammation reaction with PEG-gelatin assistance. Polyethylene Glycols 135-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 30936016-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Prednisolone, along with 15d-PGJ2, modulates pro-fibrotic pathways activated by TGF-beta in synovial fibroblasts at least partially through the inhibition of ALK5/Smad2 signaling and subsequent beta-catenin accumulation. Prednisolone 13-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 31333651-7 2019 TGF-beta, but not IL-10, replicated the Tbet suppressive effects of LCM in both liver resident and peripheral blood NK cells. Lincomycin 68-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 31019160-10 2019 Asarinin treatment suppressed the expression of T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines and increased the levels of Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-10), transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and Foxp3 in the synovium and hindpaw, however T-bet mRNA levels in synovium decreased. sesamin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-182 30936016-0 2019 15-Deoxy-Delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2 acts cooperatively with prednisolone to reduce TGF-beta-induced pro-fibrotic pathways in human osteoarthritis fibroblasts. Prednisolone 63-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 30936016-8 2019 RESULTS: Prednisolone showed a predominant anti-fibrotic impact on fibroblast-like synoviocytes as it attenuated the spontaneous and TGF-beta-induced gene expression of pro-fibrotic markers. Prednisolone 9-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-141 30936016-9 2019 Prednisolone also reduced alpha-sma protein and type III collagen levels, as well as cell proliferation and migration after TGF-beta stimulation. Prednisolone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 31258902-0 2019 Olive oil polyphenols suppress the TGF-alpha-induced migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Polyphenols 10-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 31258902-8 2019 TGF-alpha-induced HuH7 cell migration was decreased by SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, and Y27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor. Y 27632 91-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 31258902-8 2019 TGF-alpha-induced HuH7 cell migration was decreased by SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, and Y27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor. SB 203580 55-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 31258902-11 2019 The results of the present study suggest that olive oil polyphenols suppressed the TGF-alpha-induced migration of HCC cells. Polyphenols 56-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 30536730-0 2019 Astragaloside IV inhibits cell proliferation in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma through the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. astragaloside 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 31020340-6 2019 Mechanistically, mevalonate enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad3, but not Smad2, and by promoting Foxp3 expression. Mevalonic Acid 17-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-74 31042488-7 2019 Focus is given to prominent transcriptional pathways such as mechanical stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and gene expression that positively regulates protective PI3K/Akt signaling. Reactive Oxygen Species 82-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 221-228 31242641-0 2019 BMP2 and TGF-beta Cooperate Differently during Synovial-Derived Stem-Cell Chondrogenesis in a Dexamethasone-Dependent Manner. Dexamethasone 94-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-17 31042488-7 2019 Focus is given to prominent transcriptional pathways such as mechanical stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and gene expression that positively regulates protective PI3K/Akt signaling. Reactive Oxygen Species 107-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 221-228 31172618-4 2019 Additionally, theacrine attenuates TGF-beta-induced EMT, cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells. 1,3,7,9-tetramethyluric acid 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 30714146-5 2019 Moreover, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches to manipulate both local and systemic levels of thyroid hormones, we showed that T3 was required to promote proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells, without affecting the extent of tissue damage or inflammatory infiltration.Finally, upon genetic and pharmacological inactivation of selected signalling pathways, we demonstrated that T3 exerted its mitogenic effect on acinar cells via a tightly controlled action on different molecular effectors, including histone deacetylase, AKT, and TGFbeta signalling.In conclusion, our data suggest that local availability of T3 in the pancreas is required to promote acinar cell proliferation and provide the rationale to exploit thyroid hormone signalling to enhance pancreatic regeneration. Triiodothyronine 139-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 546-553 30418489-5 2019 We show that treatment of cells with exogenous TGFbeta leads to enhanced repair of DNA damage formed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ultraviolet-C radiation; similarly, cells with constitutively activated endogenous TGFbeta signaling show comparable responses. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 104-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-54 30951957-12 2019 The changes in 8-OHdG, Foxp3 and TGF-beta were significantly associated with the increase of 1-OHP. Oxaliplatin 93-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 30444523-4 2019 The results revealed a novel molecular mechanism of melatonin promotion of self-renewal of NSCs in which a chain reaction in the ERK and TGF-beta/Smad pathways promotes self-renewal and transcription of nestin. Melatonin 52-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-145 31189969-0 2019 Overexpression of miRNA-25-3p inhibits Notch1 signaling and TGF-beta-induced collagen expression in hepatic stellate cells. -25-3p 23-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 31189969-5 2019 Transient overexpression of miR-25 inhibited TGF-beta and its type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) mRNA expression, TGF-beta-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and subsequent collagen1alpha1 induction in LX-2 cells. mir-25 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 31189969-5 2019 Transient overexpression of miR-25 inhibited TGF-beta and its type 1 receptor (TGFBR1) mRNA expression, TGF-beta-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and subsequent collagen1alpha1 induction in LX-2 cells. mir-25 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 31189969-9 2019 We propose that miR-25 acts as a negative feedback anti-fibrotic control during HSC activation by reducing the reactivity of HSCs to TGF-beta-induced collagen expression and modulating the cross-talk between Notch, Wnt and TGF-beta signaling. mir-25 16-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-141 31189969-9 2019 We propose that miR-25 acts as a negative feedback anti-fibrotic control during HSC activation by reducing the reactivity of HSCs to TGF-beta-induced collagen expression and modulating the cross-talk between Notch, Wnt and TGF-beta signaling. mir-25 16-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 223-231 31281522-9 2019 Combined treatment with CO and NO donors diminished adhesion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibited aggregation as well as TGF-beta release from breast cancer patients" platelets ex vivo. Carbon Monoxide 24-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 31138318-4 2019 Western blot assays were used to detect the association between erlotinib resistance and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 64-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-129 31138318-8 2019 TGFbeta-induced EMT-associated kinase switch is demonstrated to promote erlotinib-resistance of CD166+ OSCs. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 72-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 31138318-10 2019 Overexpression of miR-499a in CD166+ OSCs inhibits TGFbeta-induced erlotinib-resistance in vitro and in vivo. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 67-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-58 30771899-10 2019 Conversely, LY2109761 or Smad2 siRNA treatment reduced YAP1 protein levels, indicating a close interplay between YAP1 and TGF-beta signaling. LY2109761 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 30320898-11 2019 Furthermore, recombinant TGF-beta1 induced autophagy and inhibition of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway with sb431542 suppressed autophagy. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 112-120 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-33 31040372-0 2019 Reduced Basal Nitric Oxide Production Induces Precancerous Mammary Lesions via ERBB2 and TGFbeta. Nitric Oxide 14-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 30713268-1 2019 Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation by autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha through 5-HT2B receptor/phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca2+ and a signaling pathway involving epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-alpha receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Serotonin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-156 30713268-1 2019 Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) can induce hepatocyte DNA synthesis and proliferation by autocrine secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha through 5-HT2B receptor/phospholipase C (PLC)/Ca2+ and a signaling pathway involving epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-alpha receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Serotonin 11-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-156 30631154-3 2019 Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-beta, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. Glucose 22-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 30631154-3 2019 Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-beta, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. gaea 109-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 30631154-3 2019 Mechanistically, high glucose, TGF-beta, CTGF, SHH, and IL-6 induce the expression of a long non-coding RNA, GAEA (Glucose Aroused for EMT Activation), which associates with an RNA-binding E3 ligase, MEX3C, and enhances its enzymatic activity, leading to the K27-linked polyubiquitination of PTEN. Glucose 115-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 30741461-12 2019 Finally, miR-130a-3p inhibits TGF-beta-induced EC-1 cell migration, invasion, and EMT progression in a SMAD4-dependent way. mir-130a-3p 9-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 30916164-0 2019 Triiodothyronine (T3) upregulates the expression of proto-oncogene TGFA independent of MAPK/ERK pathway activation in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF7. Triiodothyronine 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-71 30916164-0 2019 Triiodothyronine (T3) upregulates the expression of proto-oncogene TGFA independent of MAPK/ERK pathway activation in the human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MCF7. Triiodothyronine 18-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-71 30916164-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To verify the physiological action of triiodothyronine T3 on the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) mRNA in MCF7 cells by inhibition of RNA Polymerase II and the MAPK/ERK pathway. Triiodothyronine 49-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-128 31182919-14 2019 What"s more, M2-polarized TAMs secreted TGF-beta to facilitate the EMT, growth, proliferation and invasion of CRC cells by in vivo and in vitro experiments. tams 26-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 31182919-15 2019 Conclusions: Our studies preliminarily elucidated the prognostic value of CD163+/CD68+ ratio in different tumor locations and the biological functions of M2-polarized TAMs in CRC progression via TGF-beta. tams 167-171 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 195-203 30544046-2 2019 Here, we showed that a 14-day culture of MSC-laden hyaluronic acid hydrogel in the presence of TGFbeta, followed by 7 days culture in TGFbeta-free medium, with the supplement of Wnt/beta-catenin inhibitor XAV939 from day 10-21, resulted in significantly reduced hypertrophy phenotype. Hyaluronic Acid 51-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-102 30759396-0 2019 Negligible Effect of Sodium Chloride on the Development and Function of TGF-beta-Induced CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells. Sodium Chloride 21-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-80 30906781-0 2019 Blockage of TGF-alpha Induced by Spherical Silica Nanoparticles Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Proliferation of Human Lung Epithelial Cells. Silicon Dioxide 43-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 30906781-6 2019 Combined with Benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, and 10-epoxide (BPDE), SiNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and inhibit apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and induce the release of TGF-alpha from THP-1 cells. 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 65-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 233-242 30906781-6 2019 Combined with Benzo[a]pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, and 10-epoxide (BPDE), SiNPs could significantly promote the proliferation and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and inhibit apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells and induce the release of TGF-alpha from THP-1 cells. sinps 72-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 233-242 30741930-7 2019 More importantly, we revealed that luteolin, quercetin, and myricetin selectively downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in TGF-beta/Smads signaling via binding to activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) and impairing its catalytic activity. Quercetin 45-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 30741930-7 2019 More importantly, we revealed that luteolin, quercetin, and myricetin selectively downregulated the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 in TGF-beta/Smads signaling via binding to activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5) and impairing its catalytic activity. myricetin 60-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 32254797-6 2019 The 10-day BCAMM (10-BCAMM) scaffold showed the best overall results, successfully inducing MSC chondrogenesis without any additional fetal bovine serum or induction components (TGF-beta or dexamethasone). bcamm 11-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-186 30549198-0 2019 MicroRNA-101 protects bladder of BOO from hypoxia-induced fibrosis by attenuating TGF-beta-smad2/3 signaling. microrna-101 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 30622239-0 2019 The cirrhotic liver is depleted of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key modulator of NF-kappaB and TGFbeta pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Docosahexaenoic Acids 35-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-103 30740113-10 2018 In addition, schistosomal lipids and their active components PGD2 and LPC, triggered 15-LO dependent production of EXC4 and secretion of TGFbeta. 15-lo 85-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-144 30622239-0 2019 The cirrhotic liver is depleted of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a key modulator of NF-kappaB and TGFbeta pathways in hepatic stellate cells. Docosahexaenoic Acids 57-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-103 30622239-12 2019 DHA displays anti-fibrogenic activities on HSCs targeting NF-kappaB and TGFbeta pathways and inducing ADPR expression and quiescence in these cells. Docosahexaenoic Acids 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-79 30393127-5 2019 While curcumin inhibited TGFbeta-receptor-mediated Smad2/3 phosphorylation in all BCa cells studied (human MDA-SA, MDA-1833, MDA-2287 and murine 4T1 cells), curcumin-glucuronide did not. Curcumin 6-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-32 31670920-12 2019 With TGFA pretreatment, ER+ breast cancer cells were resistant to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). afimoxifene 66-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 5-9 31670920-12 2019 With TGFA pretreatment, ER+ breast cancer cells were resistant to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT). 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 86-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 5-9 31670920-13 2019 Conversely, downregulation of ER-alpha by TGFA was reversed by gefitinib with recovered sensitivity to 4-OHT. Gefitinib 63-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-46 31670920-13 2019 Conversely, downregulation of ER-alpha by TGFA was reversed by gefitinib with recovered sensitivity to 4-OHT. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 103-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-46 30071759-5 2019 Targeting growth factor signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are possible in simple recombinant cell models and the approval of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib (Ofev) is testament to the approach. nintedanib 266-276 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-91 31474711-11 2019 These results demonstrate that the PPE activates PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signals via TGF-beta receptors, which stimulate the synthesis of type I collagen in NHDFs. nhdfs 155-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 29958595-11 2018 The target gene transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) of miR-199a-5p involved in CL/P is screened and verified. Phosphorus 86-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-54 30540564-2 2018 We investigated the influence of circEIF6 (Hsa_circ_0060060) on the cisplatin-sensitivity in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and ATC cells, and explored its regulation to downstream molecules miR-144-3p and Transforming Growth Factor alpha (TGF-alpha). circeif6 33-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 243-252 30540564-10 2018 Besides, circEIF6 promoted autophagy by regulating miR-144-3p/TGF-alpha axis, enhancing the cisplatin-resistance in PTC and ATC cells. circeif6 9-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 30540564-11 2018 CircEIF6 promoted tumor growth by regulating miR-144-3p/TGF-alpha and circEIF6 knock-down enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. circeif6 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 30540564-11 2018 CircEIF6 promoted tumor growth by regulating miR-144-3p/TGF-alpha and circEIF6 knock-down enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. Cisplatin 99-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 30059675-2 2018 The third disulfide loop of TGF-alpha (TGF3L peptide) with a very low affinity for EGFR has been reported to enhance the activity of fused antigens or cytokines. Disulfides 10-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 30137596-8 2018 Pretreatment of arsenite-exposed cells with exogenous EGF, TGFalpha, NRG1, and HSP90 could promote, whereas exogenous IL-6 and NDRG1 could suppress, the phosphorylation of HER2. arsenite 16-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 30482886-0 2018 TGF-beta induces corneal endothelial senescence via increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in chronic corneal allograft failure. reactive 78-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 30482886-0 2018 TGF-beta induces corneal endothelial senescence via increase of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in chronic corneal allograft failure. oxygen species 87-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 30482886-6 2018 Furthermore, TGF-beta treatment leads to high positive ratio of SA-beta-gal, indicating B4G12 cells undergo cellular senescence. 2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine 64-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 30482886-7 2018 Mechanistically, we demonstrated that TGF-beta could induce mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production and mtROS scavenger could rescue CE cell senescence upon TGF-beta treatment. ros 74-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-46 30074269-6 2018 Then we applied a TGF-beta receptor antagonist (SB431542; 10 muM) to the osteogenic media cultured USSCs for single periods of 3.5 days within the 21-day differentiation period starting at day 0, 3.5, 7, 10.5, 14, and 17.5. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 48-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 30074269-7 2018 The expression analysis results of the of the osteogenic marker runt-related transcription factor 2 as well as the production of bone matrix showed that SB431542 induced the osteogenic differentiation of USSCs more significantly during the early stage of differentiation, suggesting that the TGF-beta pathway temporally regulates the osteogenic differentiation of USSCs. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 153-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 292-300 30304690-5 2018 We highlight this with 3 demonstrated applications: (1) repositioned category of psychiatric drugs to inhibit the TGF-beta pathway; (2) antihypertensive calcium channel blockers predicted to activate AMPK and inhibit AKT pathways, and validated by clinical electronic medical records; and (3) 7 drugs predicted and validated to selectively target the AKT-FOXO and AMPK pathways and thus regulate worm lifespan. Calcium 153-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 29926178-0 2018 Dasatinib Suppresses TGFbeta-Mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis. Dasatinib 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-28 29846215-8 2018 Furthermore, calcimycin modulated expression of TGF-beta/Smad target genes Smad7 and phosphorylation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad2/3. Calcimycin 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 30031388-11 2018 The IPA of "diseases and functions" regulators (85) were involved with cAMP, STAT2, 26S proteasome, CSF1, IFNgamma, LDL, TGFA, and microRNA-155-5p, miR-223, miR-21-5p. Cyclic AMP 71-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-125 29577601-4 2018 Therefore, the influence of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) ions on the expression levels of the three TGF-beta isoforms in human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and SaOs-2 was analyzed and the impact on mineralization was studied. Cobalt(2+) 28-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 29577601-4 2018 Therefore, the influence of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) ions on the expression levels of the three TGF-beta isoforms in human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and SaOs-2 was analyzed and the impact on mineralization was studied. tris(1,10-phenanthroline)chromium(III) chloride 44-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 29577601-6 2018 A dose dependent reduction of all TGF-beta isoforms by Co2+ ions was observed, the strongest effect was found on TGF-beta2. Carbon Dioxide 55-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 29878755-9 2018 Applying this workflow, we successfully mapped the complex disulfide bonds of tertiapin and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and EGF. Disulfides 59-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 175-183 29980690-1 2018 Signaling by members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, such as TGF-beta3 and BMP7, and oxygen tension play a pivotal role in chondrocyte biology. Oxygen 116-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 29549162-6 2018 These TGFbeta-like effects were due to the stimulation of TGFbeta1 expression and secretion, and could all be abrogated by TGFbeta inhibitors including a novel TGFbeta trap protein called RER both in vitro and in vivo Importantly, combination treatment with RER and cisplatin showed a higher tumor inhibitory activity than either agent alone in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Chemotherapeutics can stimulate TGFbeta1 production and consequently enhance TGFbeta signaling, EMT, and CSC features resulting in reduced chemo-sensitivity. Cisplatin 266-275 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-65 29514844-5 2018 The activation of HIF2alpha then led to the enhanced activation of VEGF, cyclin D1, and TGFalpha/EGFR pathway to mediate HCC development and reduce the sensitivity of sorafenib. Sorafenib 167-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 29514844-6 2018 More importantly, COX-2-specific inhibitors synergistically enhanced the antitumor activity of sorafenib treatment.Conclusions: Our data obtained demonstrate that the COX/PGE2 axis acts as a regulator of HIF2alpha expression and activity to promote HCC development and reduce sorafenib sensitivity by constitutively activating the TGFalpha/EGFR pathway. Sorafenib 95-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 331-339 29514844-6 2018 More importantly, COX-2-specific inhibitors synergistically enhanced the antitumor activity of sorafenib treatment.Conclusions: Our data obtained demonstrate that the COX/PGE2 axis acts as a regulator of HIF2alpha expression and activity to promote HCC development and reduce sorafenib sensitivity by constitutively activating the TGFalpha/EGFR pathway. Dinoprostone 171-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 331-339 29928390-7 2018 In addition, expression of TGFA was able to alter miR-130-regulated osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. mir-130 50-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-31 29928390-9 2018 At the gene level, miR-130 directly targets and inhibits TGFA expression, in addition to phosphorylated protein kinase B and epidermal growth factor receptor expression levels. mir-130 19-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-61 30034618-12 2018 MK2206 decreased TGFalpha promoter activity, while overexpression of Akt increased it. MK 2206 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 30034618-13 2018 MK2206 also reduced TGFalpha release from TNBC cells. MK 2206 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 29549162-6 2018 These TGFbeta-like effects were due to the stimulation of TGFbeta1 expression and secretion, and could all be abrogated by TGFbeta inhibitors including a novel TGFbeta trap protein called RER both in vitro and in vivo Importantly, combination treatment with RER and cisplatin showed a higher tumor inhibitory activity than either agent alone in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Chemotherapeutics can stimulate TGFbeta1 production and consequently enhance TGFbeta signaling, EMT, and CSC features resulting in reduced chemo-sensitivity. Cisplatin 266-275 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-13 29866156-4 2018 RESULTS: In vitro treatment with galunisertib reversed TGFbeta and regulatory T cell mediated suppression of human T cell proliferation. LY-2157299 33-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-62 29549162-6 2018 These TGFbeta-like effects were due to the stimulation of TGFbeta1 expression and secretion, and could all be abrogated by TGFbeta inhibitors including a novel TGFbeta trap protein called RER both in vitro and in vivo Importantly, combination treatment with RER and cisplatin showed a higher tumor inhibitory activity than either agent alone in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Chemotherapeutics can stimulate TGFbeta1 production and consequently enhance TGFbeta signaling, EMT, and CSC features resulting in reduced chemo-sensitivity. Cisplatin 266-275 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-65 29549162-6 2018 These TGFbeta-like effects were due to the stimulation of TGFbeta1 expression and secretion, and could all be abrogated by TGFbeta inhibitors including a novel TGFbeta trap protein called RER both in vitro and in vivo Importantly, combination treatment with RER and cisplatin showed a higher tumor inhibitory activity than either agent alone in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer.Conclusions: Chemotherapeutics can stimulate TGFbeta1 production and consequently enhance TGFbeta signaling, EMT, and CSC features resulting in reduced chemo-sensitivity. Cisplatin 266-275 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-65 29769726-8 2018 Finally, metabolites of dietary tryptophan produced by the commensal flora control microglial activation and TGFalpha and VEGF-B production, modulating the transcriptional program of astrocytes and CNS inflammation through a mechanism mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Tryptophan 32-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 29334172-1 2018 We have previously reported that silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) of nominal size 50 nm (Si50) induce the pro-inflammatory cytokines CXCL8 and IL-6 in BEAS-2B cells, via mechanisms involving MAPK p38, TACE-mediated TGF-alpha release and the NF-kappaB pathway. Silicon Dioxide 33-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-220 29467862-0 2018 Lentivirus-mediated silencing of HOTAIR lncRNA restores gefitinib sensitivity by activating Bax/Caspase-3 and suppressing TGF-alpha/EGFR signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Gefitinib 56-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 28703301-7 2018 In the absence of iRhom1, BPA- or NP-stimulated release of HB-EGF or TGF-alpha was comparable to wild-type control mEFs, conversely the BPA-induced release of HB-EGF was abolished in iRhom2-/- mEFs. bisphenol A 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 29038767-0 2017 Evaluation of plasma cytokines in patients with cocaine use disorders in abstinence identifies transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) as a potential biomarker of consumption and dual diagnosis. Cocaine 48-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 29258450-10 2017 Patients who survived more than 2 years after sorafenib treatment exhibited higher serum levels of IL-10, IL-12, TNF-a, IL-8, SDF-1, EGF, PDGF-BB, SCF, and TGF-alpha. Sorafenib 46-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 29048630-6 2017 Expression levels of TGF-alpha and TGFbeta1 genes were upregulated in MCF-10F and downregulated in Tumor2 cell lines treated with curcumin. Curcumin 130-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 28901264-14 2018 TQ mediated its anti-proliferative effect and apoptosis induction by an up-regulation of TGFbeta1, p53 and p21 and a down-regulation of TGF-alpha and Bcl-2alpha. N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-4-toluenesulfonamide 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 29038767-14 2017 Finally, there was a significant primary effect of dual diagnosis on the plasma concentrations of TGFalpha (p < 0.05) in the cocaine group, and these levels were lower in patients with dual diagnoses. Cocaine 128-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 28674187-6 2017 However, deduction of EGF-activated pathways from TGFalpha-activated pathways in the same cells allowed us to identify the proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) as the unique downstream effector of TGF-alpha but not EGF signaling via threonine 308-phosphorylated Akt. Threonine 242-251 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-215 31994100-0 2017 Novel ALK5 inhibitor TP0427736 reduces TGF-beta induced growth inhibition in human outer root sheath cells and elongates anagen phase in mouse hair follicles. Testosterone Propionate 21-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 31994100-2 2017 TGF-beta production from dermal papillae is enhanced by androgens, and growth inhibition of hair-follicle cells is induced by TGF-beta, and the hair cycle progresses from the anagen phase to the catagen phase. Androgens 56-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. Dopamine 68-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 255-263 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. Dopamine 68-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 255-263 28363982-4 2017 Increasing TGF-beta signaling in the substantia nigra through adeno-associated virus expressing a constitutively active type I receptor significantly reduces 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and motor deficits. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 158-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 401-445 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. Dopamine 68-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 401-445 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 255-263 28363982-5 2017 These results suggest that TGF-beta signaling is critical for adult DA neuron survival and that modulating this signaling pathway has therapeutic potential in Parkinson disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that reducing Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling promotes Parkinson disease-related pathologies and motor deficits, and increasing TGF-beta signaling reduces neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a parkinsonism-inducing agent. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine 401-445 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 255-263 27451958-11 2016 O3-induced partial depolymerization of hyaluronic acid and the release of peroxiredoxin-1 activate macrophage TLR4 while oxidative epithelial cell release of EGFR ligands such as TGFa or EGFR transactivation by activated Src may also be involved. Ozone 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-183 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid 45-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid 45-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-228 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid 74-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid 74-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-228 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Quinazolines 91-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 26797516-6 2017 Pharmacological inhibition of NF-kappaB with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 50 muM) or quinazoline (QNZ; 10 muM) also abolished TGF-alpha promoter activity, and NF-kappaB directly bound to its consensus site in the TGF-alpha promoter as evidenced by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Quinazolines 91-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-228 26797516-7 2017 Dexamethasone (DX) increased TGF-alpha promoter activity by activation of NF-kappaB. Dexamethasone 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-38 26797516-10 2017 Treatment for 3 h with 250 muM of manganese (Mn), an environmental neurotoxin, decreased astrocytic TGF-alpha expression by activation of YY1. Manganese 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 29558759-7 2017 RESULTS: Treatment with antipsychotic drugs plus vitamin B12 led to a decreased expression of IL-8 and TNF-alpha and an increased expression of TGF-beta. Vitamin B 12 49-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 27117977-1 2016 In cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligands transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epiregulin (EREG). Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 98-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-218 27458156-6 2016 There was also a direct interaction between MIR376A and the TGFA 3"-UTR. mir376a 44-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-64 27117977-1 2016 In cultures of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligands transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epiregulin (EREG). Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 61-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-218 27117977-4 2016 TCDD caused time-dependent deceases in [(125)I]-EGF binding to levels 78% of basal cell values at 72 h. Amphiregulin (AREG) levels increased with time in culture in basal and TCDD-treated cells, while TGF-alpha and epiregulin (EREG) secretion were stimulated by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-210 27117977-4 2016 TCDD caused time-dependent deceases in [(125)I]-EGF binding to levels 78% of basal cell values at 72 h. Amphiregulin (AREG) levels increased with time in culture in basal and TCDD-treated cells, while TGF-alpha and epiregulin (EREG) secretion were stimulated by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 175-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-210 27117977-4 2016 TCDD caused time-dependent deceases in [(125)I]-EGF binding to levels 78% of basal cell values at 72 h. Amphiregulin (AREG) levels increased with time in culture in basal and TCDD-treated cells, while TGF-alpha and epiregulin (EREG) secretion were stimulated by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 175-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-210 27117977-12 2016 Overall, these data indicate that TCDD-induced EGFR down-regulation in NHEKs is caused by AREG, TGF-alpha, and EREG, while TGF-alpha enhances receptor recycling to maintain a pool of EGFR at the cell surface. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 34-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 27117977-12 2016 Overall, these data indicate that TCDD-induced EGFR down-regulation in NHEKs is caused by AREG, TGF-alpha, and EREG, while TGF-alpha enhances receptor recycling to maintain a pool of EGFR at the cell surface. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 34-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 27094789-0 2016 Triiodothyronine (T3) induces HIF1A and TGFA expression in MCF7 cells by activating PI3K. Triiodothyronine 18-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-44 27094789-3 2016 The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hormone triiodothyronine on the expression of the genes HIF1A and TGFA in the breast cancer cell line MCF7. Triiodothyronine 65-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-127 27094789-7 2016 We found that HIF1A and TGFA expression increased in the presence of triiodothyronine at all times studied. Triiodothyronine 69-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-28 27094789-0 2016 Triiodothyronine (T3) induces HIF1A and TGFA expression in MCF7 cells by activating PI3K. Triiodothyronine 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-44 27094789-9 2016 We found that activation of PI3K was necessary for triiodothyronine to modulate HIF1A and TGFA expression. Triiodothyronine 51-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-94 27046040-7 2016 Dibutyryl cAMP, which enhanced the phosphorylation of wild-type-HSP20, significantly reduced the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration of wild-type HSP20 overexpressed cells. Cyclic AMP 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 27046040-7 2016 Dibutyryl cAMP, which enhanced the phosphorylation of wild-type-HSP20, significantly reduced the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration of wild-type HSP20 overexpressed cells. dibutyryl 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 27046040-8 2016 The TGF-alpha-induced cell migration was inhibited by SP600125, a c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) inhibitor. pyrazolanthrone 54-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 26605011-3 2015 In this study, the association of two important TGFA gene polymorphisms, BamHI (rs11466297) and RsaI (rs3732248), with CL/P was evaluated in an Iranian population. Phosphorus 122-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-52 26682573-0 2016 Activation of EGFR Bypass Signaling by TGFalpha Overexpression Induces Acquired Resistance to Alectinib in ALK-Translocated Lung Cancer Cells. alectinib 94-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 26682573-8 2016 Expression of TGFalpha, one of the EGFR ligands, was significantly increased and knockdown of TGFalpha restored the sensitivity to alectinib in H3122-AR cells. alectinib 131-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 26566903-6 2016 Specific inhibition of the S6K with the small molecule inhibitor LY-2584702 decreased TGF-alpha and platelet-derived growth factor-beta-induced proliferation of lung fibroblasts in vitro. LY2584702 65-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 26605011-8 2015 CONCLUSION: Our study showed that there was an association between the TGFA BamHI variation and nonsyndromic CL/P in Iranian population. Phosphorus 112-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-75 26046304-8 2015 We have identified candidate gene expression (TGFa, PECAM1, and NRG1) in tumor for the prediction of sorafenib response and PFS by RNA sequencing. Sorafenib 101-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-50 25595138-7 2015 Atorvastatin significantly reduced sputum concentrations of CCL7, IL-12p70, sCD40L, FGF-2, CCL4, TGF-alpha and MMP-8 compared with placebo and, when combined with inhaled beclometasone, reduced sputum concentrations of MMP-8, IL-1beta, IL-10, MMP-9, sCD40L, FGF-2, IL-7, G-CSF and CCL7 compared to ICS alone. Atorvastatin 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 25845399-6 2015 In addition, the accumulation of TGF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production induced by LPS in the culture supernatant was found to be decreased dose-dependently with sesamin pretreatment in PC3 cells using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. sesamin 169-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 24805869-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To identify the contribution of TGFA gene variants to the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NS-CL+-P). ns-cl+-p 124-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-47 24805869-12 2015 CONCLUSION: The association of the TGFA gene with NS-CL+-P in Korean populations was not clearly found. ns-cl+-p 50-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-39 25731856-7 2015 The TGF-alpha-induced migration was reduced by SB203580 (a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor), SP600125 (a SAPK/JNK inhibitor) and Y27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor). SB 203580 47-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 25731856-7 2015 The TGF-alpha-induced migration was reduced by SB203580 (a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor), SP600125 (a SAPK/JNK inhibitor) and Y27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor). pyrazolanthrone 86-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 25731856-7 2015 The TGF-alpha-induced migration was reduced by SB203580 (a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor), SP600125 (a SAPK/JNK inhibitor) and Y27632 (a Rho-kinase inhibitor). Y 27632 122-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 24166893-6 2015 These preliminary results, although not statistically significant, suggest that supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 may increase TGFbeta1 expression and shift TGFalpha expression downward from the differentiation to the proliferation zone in the crypts in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients, and support further investigation in a larger clinical trial. Calcium 93-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 24166893-6 2015 These preliminary results, although not statistically significant, suggest that supplemental calcium and vitamin D3 may increase TGFbeta1 expression and shift TGFalpha expression downward from the differentiation to the proliferation zone in the crypts in the normal-appearing colorectal mucosa of sporadic colorectal adenoma patients, and support further investigation in a larger clinical trial. Cholecalciferol 105-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 25294851-1 2015 BACKGROUND: In secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), enhanced parathyroid levels of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) increase EGF receptor (EGFR) activation causing parathyroid hyperplasia, high parathyroid hormone (PTH) and also reductions in vitamin D receptor (VDR) that limit vitamin D suppression of SHPT. Vitamin D 255-264 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 25659387-5 2015 METHOD: TGFa-induced human HSCs were exposed to simvastatin. Simvastatin 48-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-12 25294851-7 2015 Furthermore, combined erlotinib + calcitriol treatment suppressed TGFalpha/EGFR-cell growth and PTG enlargement more potently than erlotinib in part through calcitriol induction of C/EBPbeta to inhibit ADAM17-promoter activity, mRNA and protein. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 22-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 25294851-7 2015 Furthermore, combined erlotinib + calcitriol treatment suppressed TGFalpha/EGFR-cell growth and PTG enlargement more potently than erlotinib in part through calcitriol induction of C/EBPbeta to inhibit ADAM17-promoter activity, mRNA and protein. Calcitriol 34-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 25294851-9 2015 CONCLUSION: In SHPT, correction of vitamin D and calcitriol deficiency induces parathyroid C/EBPbeta to efficaciously attenuate the severe ADAM17/TGFalpha synergy, which drives PTG enlargement and high PTH. Vitamin D 35-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-154 25294851-9 2015 CONCLUSION: In SHPT, correction of vitamin D and calcitriol deficiency induces parathyroid C/EBPbeta to efficaciously attenuate the severe ADAM17/TGFalpha synergy, which drives PTG enlargement and high PTH. Calcitriol 49-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-154 25659387-11 2015 RESULT: Simvastatin was found to reduced cell migration and proliferation and inhibit expression of alpha smooth muscle actin in TGFa-induced HSCs. Simvastatin 8-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-133 25659387-12 2015 Furthermore, simvastatin promoted already increased mRNA and protein levels of KLF2 in TGFa-induced HSCs. Simvastatin 13-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-91 25659387-13 2015 In accordance with KLF2 overexpression, simvastatin increased production of endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS) and downregulated expression of some proangiogenic proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1a and nuclear factor-kappa B in TGFa-induced HSCs. Simvastatin 40-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 281-285 25659387-14 2015 At the same time, secretion of interferon-gamma increased in TGFa induced HSCs, which was decreased by simultaneous addition of simvastatin. Simvastatin 128-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-65 25659387-15 2015 CONCLUSION: Simvastatin suppressed the proangiogenic environment of HSCs activated by TGFa, and KLF2 pathway is involved in the course. Simvastatin 12-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-90 26064952-6 2015 We have found that, in cultured tubular epithelial cells, aldosterone induced EGFR transactivation via TGF-alpha/ADAM17. Aldosterone 58-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-112 26064952-7 2015 Blockade of the TGF-alpha/ADAM17/EGFR pathway inhibited aldosterone-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation. Aldosterone 56-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 16-25 26064952-8 2015 Moreover, among the potential downstream mechanisms, we found that TGF-alpha/ADAM17/EGFR inhibition blocked ERK and STAT-1 activation in response to aldosterone. Aldosterone 149-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 26064952-10 2015 Preincubation with the VDRA paricalcitol inhibited aldosterone-induced EGFR transactivation, TGF-alpha/ADAM-17 gene upregulation, and downstream mechanisms, including proinflammatory factors overexpression. paricalcitol 28-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 26064952-11 2015 In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of paricalcitol in tubular cells could depend on the inhibition of TGF-alpha/ADAM17/EGFR pathway in response to aldosterone, showing an important mechanism of VDRAs action. paricalcitol 70-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 26064952-11 2015 In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of paricalcitol in tubular cells could depend on the inhibition of TGF-alpha/ADAM17/EGFR pathway in response to aldosterone, showing an important mechanism of VDRAs action. Aldosterone 179-190 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 25257954-3 2014 We found the concentrations of IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TGF-alpha presented in urine were significantly elevated in the high urinary arsenic workers compared with the low urinary arsenic workers. Arsenic 129-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 25269647-7 2014 In addition, the induction of CD44 expression by EGFR ligands, EGF or TGF-alpha, was markedly decreased by ZER treatment. zerumbone 107-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 25257954-8 2014 These data indicated that arsenic increased the secretion of inflammatory factors and IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TGF-alpha expression may be a useful biomarker of the effect of arsenic exposure. Arsenic 26-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 25257954-8 2014 These data indicated that arsenic increased the secretion of inflammatory factors and IL-8, TNF-alpha, and TGF-alpha expression may be a useful biomarker of the effect of arsenic exposure. Arsenic 171-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 24901072-9 2014 TAPI-1 inhibited LL-37-induced TGF-alpha production, EGFR activation and subsequent MUC5AC mucin production, whereas TGF-alpha-neutralizing antibody, but not AR- or HB-EGF-neutralizing antibody, inhibited LL-37-induced EGFR activation and subsequent MUC5AC mucin production in NCI-H292 cells. N-((2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanylalanine, 2-aminoethylamide 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 25083591-9 2014 A statistically significant correlation was found between serum concentrations of TGF-alpha and RIs of 99mTc-DTPA. UNII-38IHL67R32 103-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 25083591-10 2014 This correlation was inverse, i.e. when serum concentrations of TGF-alpha increased, the RI of 99mTc-DTPA decreased (Spearman rho =-0361, p=0.033). UNII-38IHL67R32 95-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 24484548-8 2014 DHT increased ERK1/2 activation by EGF, TGF-alpha, and Nrg in fibroblasts and Type II cells. Dihydrotestosterone 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 24844442-0 2014 Silica nanoparticles induce cytokine responses in lung epithelial cells through activation of a p38/TACE/TGF-alpha/EGFR-pathway and NF-kappaBeta signalling. Silicon Dioxide 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 105-114 24844442-7 2014 Overall, our results indicate that Si50-induced IL-6 and CXCL8 responses in BEAS-2B cells were regulated through combined activation of several pathways, including NF-kappaBeta and p38/TACE/TGF-alpha/EGFR signalling. si50 35-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 190-199 25015300-2 2014 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) is a well characterized mammalian growth factor which might contribute to the development of CL/P. Phosphorus 136-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-38 25015300-11 2014 Stratified analyses suggested that the TGFA Taq I polymorphism was significantly associated with CL/P in Caucasians (C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.34-2.86; C2C2 + C1C2 vs C1C1: OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.18-2.38; C2 vs V1: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.14 -2.02). Phosphorus 100-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-43 24486412-6 2014 Blocking the TGF-alpha/EGFR pathway by gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, reduced the activation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3, AKT and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and synergized with sorafenib to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hypoxic HCC cells. Sorafenib 235-244 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-22 24486412-9 2014 The results indicate that targeting HIF-2alpha-mediated activation of the TGF-alpha/EGFR pathway warrants further investigation as a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib for treating HCC. Sorafenib 179-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-83 24486412-0 2014 Upregulation of HIF-2alpha induced by sorafenib contributes to the resistance by activating the TGF-alpha/EGFR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sorafenib 38-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 24534906-6 2014 Infecting the cells with Ad-PKG II and stimulating the kinase with 8-pCPT-cGMP efficiently inhibited the phosphorylation of the EGFR and MAPK/ERK induced by EGF, TGF-alpha, BTC and EPR. 8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-GMP 67-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-171 24486412-5 2014 The present study has demonstrated that upregulation of HIF-2alpha induced by sorafenib contributes to the resistance of hypoxic HCC cells by activating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Sorafenib 78-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-195 24486412-6 2014 Blocking the TGF-alpha/EGFR pathway by gefitinib, a specific EGFR inhibitor, reduced the activation of STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) 3, AKT and ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), and synergized with sorafenib to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of hypoxic HCC cells. Gefitinib 39-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-22 24520077-0 2014 Novel mechanistic insights into ectodomain shedding of EGFR Ligands Amphiregulin and TGF-alpha: impact on gastrointestinal cancers driven by secondary bile acids. Bile Acids and Salts 151-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 23661505-6 2013 The specific EGF receptor inhibitor, AG1478, completely inhibited TGF-alpha-induced meiotic resumption, but did not completely prevent the stimulatory effect of FSH. RTKI cpd 37-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 24701358-7 2014 TGFA was upregulated and downregulated after estrogen and triiodothyronine treatment, respectively. Triiodothyronine 58-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-4 24587767-3 2014 We have previously shown its capacity to stimulate the development of positive estrogen receptor breast carcinoma, induce the expression of genes (PR, TGF-alpha) normally stimulated by estradiol (E2), and suppress genes (TGF-beta) normally inhibited by E2. Estradiol 185-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-160 24375326-5 2014 The optimal cutoff values, determined with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, were 29 mug/g creatinine for TGFalpha and 100 ng/ml for AFP, respectively. Creatinine 109-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 24472543-7 2014 Moreover, we observed that L-cysteine stimulated the release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and that TGF-alpha increased the LDLR mRNA levels. Cysteine 27-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 24472543-8 2014 This study provides a report of the L-cysteine mediated up-regulation of the LDLR expression via TGF-alpha signalling pathway. Cysteine 36-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 24114668-11 2013 Serum TGFa and AREG levels have prognostic significance in erlotinib-treated patients with colorectal cancer, and further studies are warranted. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 59-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-10 22923609-7 2012 The physiological effects of meprinalpha-mediated shedding of EGF and TGFalpha were investigated with human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). meprinalpha 29-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 23588995-3 2013 In this study, we investigated the role of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the radiosensitizing effects of selumetinib, a selective inhibitor of MEK1/2. AZD 6244 123-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-86 23588995-5 2013 The effects of selumetinib on the TGF-alpha/EGFR signaling cascade in response to radiation were examined by western blot analysis, clonogenic assay and by determing the yield of mitotic catastrophe. AZD 6244 15-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 23588995-6 2013 The treatment of cells with selumetinib reduced the basal and IR-induced secretion of TGF-alpha in both Ras wild-type and Ras mutant cell lines in vitro and in vivo. AZD 6244 28-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 23588995-7 2013 The reduction of TGF-alpha secretion was accompanied with a reduction in phosphorylated tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) in the cells treated with selumetinib with or without IR. AZD 6244 167-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 23588995-9 2013 Supplementation with exogenous TGF-alpha partially rescued the selumetinib-treated cells from IR-induced cell death, restored EGFR and Chk2 phosphorylation and increased survivin expression. AZD 6244 63-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 23588995-10 2013 These data suggest that the inhibition of MEK1/2 with selumetinib may provide a mechanism to sensitize tumor cells to IR in a fashion that prevents the activation of the TGF-alpha autocrine loop following IR. AZD 6244 54-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 170-179 23608755-7 2013 TGF-alpha-induced MMP-1 expression was completely blocked by gefitinib in PSCs. Gefitinib 61-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 23456073-13 2013 CONCLUSION: TGF-alpha can increase NED in DU145 cells and enforce the chemoresistance to cisplatin. Cisplatin 89-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 23382875-10 2013 MM-PBSA calculations were able to successfully rank all seven of the EGFR ligands based on the two affinity classes: EGF>HB-EGF>TGF-alpha>BTC>EPR>EPG>AR. poly(tetramethylene succinate-co-tetramethylene adipate) 3-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 22863020-8 2012 The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) was dramatically upregulated under hypoxia, and the knockdown of TGFalpha or hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1alpha) reversed the resistance to gefitinib in hypoxic PC9 and HCC2935 cells. Gefitinib 210-219 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 22863020-8 2012 The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) was dramatically upregulated under hypoxia, and the knockdown of TGFalpha or hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF1alpha) reversed the resistance to gefitinib in hypoxic PC9 and HCC2935 cells. Gefitinib 210-219 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 22863020-11 2012 Our results indicate that hypoxia causes gefitinib resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC through the activation of wild-type EGFR mediated by the upregulation of TGFalpha. Gefitinib 41-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-164 22582975-6 2012 We observed significant negative correlations between OS and the expression of TGF-alpha (P = 0.017), COX-2 (P < 0.001), CXCR4 (P = 0.010), MMP-7 (P = 0.020) and MMP-9 (P = 0.015). Osmium 54-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 22824974-4 2012 METHODS: We determined if GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), budesonide (BUD), and fluticasone (FP) could suppress MUC5AC production induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and double-strand RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). Dexamethasone 38-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 22824974-4 2012 METHODS: We determined if GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), budesonide (BUD), and fluticasone (FP) could suppress MUC5AC production induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and double-strand RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). Dexamethasone 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 22824974-4 2012 METHODS: We determined if GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), budesonide (BUD), and fluticasone (FP) could suppress MUC5AC production induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and double-strand RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). Budesonide 59-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 22824974-4 2012 METHODS: We determined if GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), budesonide (BUD), and fluticasone (FP) could suppress MUC5AC production induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and double-strand RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). Budesonide 71-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 22824974-4 2012 METHODS: We determined if GCs such as dexamethasone (DEX), budesonide (BUD), and fluticasone (FP) could suppress MUC5AC production induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and double-strand RNA, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C). Fluticasone 81-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 22824974-7 2012 RESULTS: DEX significantly suppressed the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and MUC5AC protein induced by TGF-alpha. Dexamethasone 9-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 22824974-8 2012 The activation of the MUC5AC promoter by TGF-alpha was significantly inhibited by DEX. Dexamethasone 82-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 22824974-10 2012 DEX, BUD, and FP suppressed MUC5AC protein expression induced by a combination of TGF-alpha and polyI:C in a dose-dependent manner. Dexamethasone 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 21557328-3 2011 TGFalpha-dependent ERK oscillations mediated through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are inhibited by low dose X-irradiation (10 cGy) and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.32-3.26 microM H(2)O(2)) used as a model reactive oxygen species (ROS). Hydrogen Peroxide 172-189 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 22343749-7 2012 Recombinant phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A(1) (PS-PLA(1)) that deacylates fatty acid at the sn-1 position of PS and produces 2-acyl-LysoPS, but not catalytically inactive mutant PS-PLA(1), stimulated the release of AP-TGFalpha from GPR34-expressing cells. Fatty Acids 87-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 231-239 22343749-7 2012 Recombinant phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A(1) (PS-PLA(1)) that deacylates fatty acid at the sn-1 position of PS and produces 2-acyl-LysoPS, but not catalytically inactive mutant PS-PLA(1), stimulated the release of AP-TGFalpha from GPR34-expressing cells. Phosphorus 60-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 231-239 21984036-10 2012 Our results show that PMA can induce MUC5AC expression by activation of the Duox1-ROS-TACE-TGF-alpha-EGFR signaling pathway. ros 82-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-100 21925169-5 2011 In NCI-H292 cells, TGF-alpha induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-dependent prostaglandin (PG)E2 production and release. Dinoprostone 70-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 21520065-5 2011 TGF-alpha induced a significant increase in the levels of secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in both MSCs and hFOB. hfob 123-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 21557328-3 2011 TGFalpha-dependent ERK oscillations mediated through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are inhibited by low dose X-irradiation (10 cGy) and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.32-3.26 microM H(2)O(2)) used as a model reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive Oxygen Species 259-262 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 21557328-7 2011 TPA as a cotreatment did not inhibit TGFalpha-stimulated ERK oscillations but qualitatively altered TGFalpha-dependent ERK oscillation characteristics (amplitude, time-period). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 21557328-8 2011 Collectively, these observations demonstrate that TGFalpha-induced ERK oscillations are inhibited by ionizing radiation/ROS and perturbed by epigenetic carcinogen in human keratinocytes. Reactive Oxygen Species 120-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 22655272-8 2012 These decreases reached formal statistical significance for fractalkine, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) with increasing TCDD levels. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 173-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 21868713-8 2012 The HN2-induced activation of (44/42)MAPK and the up-regulation of IL-6 secretion in NHBECs were also largely reversed by a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-blocking antibody and by the metalloprotease inhibitor GM 6001, suggesting that the HN2-related effects on EGFR signaling were TGF-alpha-dependent. N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide 224-231 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 158-167 22942700-2 2012 The machinery of TGF-beta signaling, including the serine kinase type transmembrane receptors, is present in the central nervous system. Serine 51-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 21557328-3 2011 TGFalpha-dependent ERK oscillations mediated through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are inhibited by low dose X-irradiation (10 cGy) and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.32-3.26 microM H(2)O(2)) used as a model reactive oxygen species (ROS). Water 208-213 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 21557328-3 2011 TGFalpha-dependent ERK oscillations mediated through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are inhibited by low dose X-irradiation (10 cGy) and low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0.32-3.26 microM H(2)O(2)) used as a model reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive Oxygen Species 234-257 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 21079146-5 2010 RESULTS: High TGF-alpha and amphiregulin were associated with poorer performance status (P=.06 and P<.0001, respectively) and no prior platinum therapy (P=.06 and P=.02, respectively). Platinum 138-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 21440529-9 2011 The specific MEK inhibitor, U0126, significantly blocks EGF and TGF-alpha-mediated ERK1/2 activation and subsequent MMP1 induction in SK-BR3 cells. U 0126 28-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 21382168-6 2011 TGF-alpha increased MMP-1 mRNA expressions that were completely blocked by gefitinib in LX-2 cells. Gefitinib 75-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 21887406-11 2011 A comparison of the effects of the investigated tyrphostins indicates that TGFalpha, IGFII and VEGF stimulate cell growth by affecting the same signaling pathway. Tyrphostins 48-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 20936340-0 2011 High serum TGF-alpha predicts poor response to lapatinib and capecitabine in HER2-positive breast cancer. Lapatinib 47-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-20 20936340-0 2011 High serum TGF-alpha predicts poor response to lapatinib and capecitabine in HER2-positive breast cancer. Capecitabine 61-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-20 20936340-5 2011 The effect of TGF-alpha on in vitro sensitivity of SK-BR-3 cells to lapatinib was investigated. Lapatinib 68-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 20936340-10 2011 We confirmed that TGF-alpha diminished the sensitivity of SK-BR3-cells to lapatinib in vitro. Lapatinib 74-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 20936340-11 2011 The in vitro antiproliferative effect of cetuximab in combination with lapatinib was higher than that of lapatinib alone in SK-BR3-cells exposed to TGF-alpha. Lapatinib 71-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 20936340-12 2011 These data suggest that TGF-alpha plays a role in resistance to lapatinib and capecitabine therapy among HER2-positive breast cancer. Lapatinib 64-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 20936340-12 2011 These data suggest that TGF-alpha plays a role in resistance to lapatinib and capecitabine therapy among HER2-positive breast cancer. Capecitabine 78-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 22104252-5 2011 RESULTS: TGF-alpha immunoreactivity was found markedly increased in the submucosal tissue in the ECRS patient compared with that of a normal patient and with noneosinophilic CRS. Chromium 98-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 21079146-10 2010 CONCLUSION: High baseline amphiregulin is a poor prognostic factor, whereas high baseline TGF-alpha predicts for lack of benefit from erlotinib in advanced NSCLC. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 134-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 20628023-1 2010 Cellular effects of FFA might differ from those of lipoprotein triglyceride (TG)-derived fatty acids (TGFA). Triglycerides 77-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-106 20698845-9 2010 In addition, TGF-beta enhanced MMP-2 production and activity, which could be abrogated by pretreatment with an AKT inhibitor (LY294002) but not with rapamycin. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 126-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 20049563-2 2010 Analysis of phosphotyrosine proteins from transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a) triggered phosphotyrosine proteome permitted the identification of novel downstream substrates of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Phosphotyrosine 12-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-81 20049563-3 2010 Using functional proteomics technology based on 2-DE, 2-D western blotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of 16 proteins between control and TGF-a-treated CNE2 human NPC cells. Tyrosine 132-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 199-204 20049563-4 2010 Among these proteins, tyrosine phosphorylated levels of ten proteins were increased, and those of six proteins were decreased in TGF-a-treated CNE2 cells compared with control. Tyrosine 22-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-134 20882990-6 2010 We further showed that the secretory changes of APP and cystatin C in CNE-2 after TGF-alpha stimulation could be abrogated by pretreatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 and PI3 kinase inhibitor Wortmannin, validating that APP and cystatin C are EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC cells. 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline 173-181 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 20882990-6 2010 We further showed that the secretory changes of APP and cystatin C in CNE-2 after TGF-alpha stimulation could be abrogated by pretreatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 and PI3 kinase inhibitor Wortmannin, validating that APP and cystatin C are EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC cells. Wortmannin 207-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 21102259-6 2010 RESULTS: The effect of EGFR-TKIs treatment on DSS showed a significant difference by TGFa and ARG (interaction p = 0.046 and p = 0.004, respectively). dss 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-89 21102259-7 2010 Low concentrations of TGFa and high concentrations of ARG were associated with a better DSS in EGFR-TKIs patients compared with control patients. dss 88-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-26 20709030-10 2010 Our in vitro results suggested that Abeta42 oligomer-induced miR-106b leads to impairment in TGF-beta signaling through TbetaR II, concomitant with retinoic acid-induced neurodegeneration in SH-SY5Y cells. Tretinoin 148-161 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 20628023-1 2010 Cellular effects of FFA might differ from those of lipoprotein triglyceride (TG)-derived fatty acids (TGFA). Fatty Acids 89-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-106 20726112-9 2010 Progesterone and estradiol accumulation was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in presence of FGF and IGF-I than TGF-alpha + TGF-beta1. Estradiol 17-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 20724237-7 2010 In this investigation, we demonstrate that NE-induced mucin production requires reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which activates TACE, resulting in TGF-alpha shedding, and EGFR phosphorylation in NCI-H292 epithelial cells. Reactive Oxygen Species 80-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 20724237-7 2010 In this investigation, we demonstrate that NE-induced mucin production requires reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which activates TACE, resulting in TGF-alpha shedding, and EGFR phosphorylation in NCI-H292 epithelial cells. Reactive Oxygen Species 105-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 20410122-8 2010 The present study thus indicates that disruption of TGF-beta due to the transcriptional dysregulation of TbetaRII is associated with polyglutamine-induced motor neuron damage in SBMA. polyglutamine 133-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 20693797-7 2010 Twenty-four-hour stimulation of tissue cultures with transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), a specific EGFR ligand, resulted in a reduction of cisplatin-induced DNA damage by 35% in cases, whereas in controls TGF-alpha had no effect. Cisplatin 150-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 20079377-2 2010 Having shown earlier, that activation of the afferent sensory nervous system by capsaicin induced epithelial cell proliferation and TGFalpha expression in vivo the aim of this study was to demonstrate, that neurotransmitters of the afferent sensory nervous system induce TGFalpha expression via mast cells and fibroblasts. Capsaicin 80-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 20079377-2 2010 Having shown earlier, that activation of the afferent sensory nervous system by capsaicin induced epithelial cell proliferation and TGFalpha expression in vivo the aim of this study was to demonstrate, that neurotransmitters of the afferent sensory nervous system induce TGFalpha expression via mast cells and fibroblasts. Capsaicin 80-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 271-279 20079377-3 2010 RESULTS: A significant increase in TGFalpha-mRNA and protein expression was detected in epithelial cells exposed to supernatants of CGRP-stimulated mast cells and SP-stimulated fibroblasts. TFF2 protein, human 163-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 20079377-8 2010 Release of CGRP and SP from neuroeffector junctions is an important signal for the TGFalpha expression after mucosal injury. TFF2 protein, human 20-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 20042669-5 2010 The increase in levels of phosphorylated Akt, detected after 1 day of doxycycline-induced TGFalpha expression, was blocked by treatment with the PI3K inhibitor, PX-866. Doxycycline 70-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 20042669-5 2010 The increase in levels of phosphorylated Akt, detected after 1 day of doxycycline-induced TGFalpha expression, was blocked by treatment with the PI3K inhibitor, PX-866. PX-866 161-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-98 20693797-8 2010 This reflects a statistically significant increase in cellular chemoresistance to cisplatin following TGF-alpha stimulation and helps to further understand effects of EGFR antisense therapy in combination with chemotherapy. Cisplatin 82-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 20453436-5 2010 In addition, GL significantly attenuated MUC5AC protein and mRNA expression by tumor growth factor (TGF)-alpha in cultured NCI-H292 cells. Glycyrrhizic Acid 13-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-110 20453436-6 2010 GL also attenuated TGF-alpha-stimulated MUC5AC promoter activity in a luciferase reporter gene assay, but did not affect the stability of MUC5AC mRNA. Glycyrrhizic Acid 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 19749156-2 2009 We demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) and TGF alpha transactivate the GPR30 promoter and accordingly up-regulate GPR30 mRNA and protein levels only in endometrial and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen 179-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 22125506-4 2010 TGIF encodes a transcriptional repressor of retinoid responses involved in TGF-beta signaling regulation, including Nodal signaling. Retinoids 44-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 19749156-3 2009 These effects exerted by EGF and TGF alpha were dependent on EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and activation and involved phosphorylation of the Tyr(1045) and Tyr(1173) EGFR sites. Tyrosine 143-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 19749156-3 2009 These effects exerted by EGF and TGF alpha were dependent on EGF receptor (EGFR) expression and activation and involved phosphorylation of the Tyr(1045) and Tyr(1173) EGFR sites. Tyrosine 157-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 18793775-6 2009 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Confirmation by the RT-PCR product for TGF-alpha and TGF-beta gene expression in GC and theca cells from human follicles at various developmental stages and (3)H-thymidine uptake in vitro to assess growth effects on GCs. Thymidine 187-196 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 19444471-9 2009 Thus, TGFA appears to influence risk of CL/P through unconventional means with an apparent parent-of-origin effect (excess maternal transmission) and possible interaction with maternal exposures. Phosphorus 43-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-10 19387015-5 2009 HTRA1 is a serine protease that represses signaling by TGF-beta family members. Serine 11-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 19639172-4 2009 Tyrosine phosphorylation of the arm12 was detected after stimulation with TGFalpha in TMK-1. Tyrosine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 19639172-6 2009 Immunocytochemical staining of TMK-1 cells using the 4G7 antibody revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation of the arm12 was localized at cell-cell contact sites of cancer cells transiently and only after TGFalpha treatment. Tyrosine 80-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 202-210 19429776-6 2009 Surprisingly, the ICAM-1(8-22) peptide increased EGFR phosphotyrosine and phospho-ERK1/2 in cells treated with TGF-alpha. Phosphotyrosine 54-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-120 19321179-12 2009 Ethanol treatment for 24 h also raised TGF-alpha levels in HepG2 cells (118%-198%) and SKHep cells (112%-177%). Ethanol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 19321179-13 2009 Exogenous administration of recombinant TGF-alpha mimicked the ethanol-induced growth in HepG2 and SKHep cells; TGF-alpha neutralization antibody effectively abrogated this effect. Ethanol 63-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 19321179-14 2009 The TGF-a neutralization antibody also prevented ERK activation by ethanol in HepG2 cells. Ethanol 67-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-9 19321179-16 2009 Ethanol up-regulates TGF-alpha levels in HCC cells and enhances growth through cell cycles changes, which appear to be mediated through TGF-alpha-MEK-ERK signaling. Ethanol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 19321179-16 2009 Ethanol up-regulates TGF-alpha levels in HCC cells and enhances growth through cell cycles changes, which appear to be mediated through TGF-alpha-MEK-ERK signaling. Ethanol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 19533802-8 2009 Vav1 is tyrosine-phosphorylated in lung cancer cells following activation by the growth factors EGF and TGFalpha, suggesting its participation in signalling events in these cells. Tyrosine 8-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-112 19659649-2 2009 This study investigated the efficacy of erlotinib in a Chinese population with advanced NSCLC and compared the predictive value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha for the efficacy of erlotinib. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 242-251 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-221 19659649-14 2009 Baseline serum TGF-alpha levels may be a predictor for the efficacy of erlotinib treatment. Erlotinib Hydrochloride 71-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 19539778-7 2009 Stimulation of cultures during 24 h with TGF-alpha decreased benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE)-induced DNA damage by 36% in the tumour group (p < 0.001) and by 7% in controls (n = 30). pyrene diolepoxide 69-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 19539778-7 2009 Stimulation of cultures during 24 h with TGF-alpha decreased benzo(a)pyrene diolepoxide (BPDE)-induced DNA damage by 36% in the tumour group (p < 0.001) and by 7% in controls (n = 30). 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 89-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 19539778-9 2009 The exact mechanism by which TGF-alpha stimulation reduces BPDE-induced DNA fragmentation remains unclear. 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide 59-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-38 19426694-4 2009 At 24h, the antitumor properties of alendronate were counterbalanced by a survival process, which consisted of an enhancement of VEGF expression (mRNA and protein secretion) and TGF alpha secretion. Alendronate 36-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-187 19731553-0 2009 TGF-beta in dopamine neuron development, maintenance and neuroprotection. Dopamine 12-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 18956197-3 2008 METHODS: Nonpretreated Caco-2 cells and those pretreated with MTX were incubated with increasing concentrations of TGF-alpha. Methotrexate 62-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 19246968-1 2008 OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and tamoxifen (TAM) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha gene expression in primary breast cancer cell cultures and interactions between the different treatments. Triiodothyronine 56-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-145 19246968-1 2008 OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and tamoxifen (TAM) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha gene expression in primary breast cancer cell cultures and interactions between the different treatments. Tamoxifen 88-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-145 19246968-1 2008 OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of triiodothyronine (T3), 17beta-estradiol (E2), and tamoxifen (TAM) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha gene expression in primary breast cancer cell cultures and interactions between the different treatments. Tamoxifen 99-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-145 19246968-9 2008 When only TAM was added to the culture medium, TGF-alpha mRNA expression increased 5.3-fold, significantly higher than with all other treatment modalities. Tamoxifen 10-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 18956197-12 2008 MTX-TGF-alpha rats also had a significantly lower intestinal injury score in ileum when compared to MTX animals. Methotrexate 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 18956197-12 2008 MTX-TGF-alpha rats also had a significantly lower intestinal injury score in ileum when compared to MTX animals. Methotrexate 100-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 18956197-13 2008 The increase in levels of cell proliferation in MTX-TGF-alpha rats corresponded with the increase in ERK protein levels in intestinal mucosa. Methotrexate 48-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 18956197-15 2008 These findings correlated with the observation that TGF-alpha also caused a significant stimulation of cell proliferation in a Caco-2 cell culture model treated with MTX. Methotrexate 166-169 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 18811692-1 2008 Circulating amphiregulin and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) have been found to be correlated with an unfavorable response to gefitinib based on the identification of patients with a higher probability of resistance to the drug. Gefitinib 139-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 18803016-2 2008 Non-pretreated and pretreated with MTX Caco-2 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of TGF-alpha. Methotrexate 35-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 18216322-7 2008 Similarly, in nodular hyperplasia, which is the most severe form of SH and the most resistant to calcitriol therapy, higher TGF-alpha activation of the EGFR was associated with an 80% reduction in VDR mRNA levels. Calcitriol 97-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-133 18927293-11 2008 Combination treatment with scFv(14E1)-ETA or TGF-alpha-ETA and cisplatin exerted significantly improved anticancer effects compared with either single treatment in parental neuroblastoma cells, cisplatin-resistant sublines, and primary cultures. Cisplatin 63-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-54 18253818-0 2008 Silibinin impairs constitutively active TGFalpha-EGFR autocrine loop in advanced human prostate carcinoma cells. Silybin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 18253818-6 2008 RESULTS: Treatment of cells (LNCaP and DU145) with silibinin resulted in a decrease in TGFalpha protein at both secreted and cellular levels together with a decrease in its mRNA level. Silybin 51-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-95 18253818-10 2008 These results suggest that silibinin impairs TGFalpha-EGFR-Erk1/2 signaling in both androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (DU145) advanced human prostate carcinoma cells. Silybin 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 18253818-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first time, identifies the inhibitory effect of silibinin on constitutively active TGFalpha-EGFR autocrine loop in advanced human PCA cells, which plausible contributes to the strong efficacy of silibinin in PCA prevention and intervention, as reported in recent studies. Silybin 81-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 18253818-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first time, identifies the inhibitory effect of silibinin on constitutively active TGFalpha-EGFR autocrine loop in advanced human PCA cells, which plausible contributes to the strong efficacy of silibinin in PCA prevention and intervention, as reported in recent studies. Silybin 228-237 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 18636433-3 2008 Here, we show that transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulated glioma cell line U251 growth and can partly compensate for the inhibitory effect of Notch-signaling inhibitor DAPT. dapt 185-189 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-62 18636433-4 2008 The effect of TGF-alpha on ERK1/2 phosphorylation was prompt and transient and could be inhibited by mitogen-activated/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) specific inhibitor PD98059. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 196-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 18375743-9 2008 We conclude that multiple TLR ligands induce airway epithelial cell production of IL-8 and VEGF via a Duox1--> ROS--> TACE--> TGF-alpha--> EGFR phosphorylation pathway. Reactive Oxygen Species 114-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-144 19085374-7 2008 Besifloxacin significantly inhibited IL-1beta-induced cytokine release in a dose-dependent manner, with a comparable (IL-8) or better (G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1beta, TGF-alpha, and TNF-alpha) efficacy compared to moxifloxacin. besifloxacin 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-183 18927293-11 2008 Combination treatment with scFv(14E1)-ETA or TGF-alpha-ETA and cisplatin exerted significantly improved anticancer effects compared with either single treatment in parental neuroblastoma cells, cisplatin-resistant sublines, and primary cultures. Cisplatin 194-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-54 18927293-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: EGFR-targeted cytotoxic reagents such as scFv(14E1)-ETA and TGF-alpha-ETA represent promising candidates for further development as antineuroblastoma agents, especially in combination with cisplatin. Cisplatin 202-211 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 18329192-0 2008 Expression of AhR, CYP1A1, GSTA1, c-fos and TGF-alpha in skin lesions from dioxin-exposed humans with chloracne. Dioxins 75-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-53 18329192-3 2008 It is possible that dioxins contribute to the pathogenesis through activation of aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated transcription and downstream genes such as CYP1A1, GSTA1 and TGF-alpha. Dioxins 20-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 183-192 17708540-7 2008 Treatment of confluent HGE-17 cells or primary cultures of gastric epithelial cells with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, but not the MEK1 inhibitor, PD98059, significantly inhibits basal and TGFalpha-induced migration following wounding. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 133-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-221 18347417-0 2008 The effectiveness of retinoic acid treatment in bladder cancer: impact on recurrence, survival and TGFalpha and VEGF as end-point biomarkers. Tretinoin 21-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 18347417-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: The combination and schedule used for Keto-atRA therapy effectively reduced recurrence rate and increased survival time of SBC patients probably through reduction of VEGF and TGFalpha as major mitogenic/angiogenic factors; possibly by eliminating malignant cells that produce them. keto-atra 51-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 17851915-8 2007 In the immunohistochemical analysis of EGFR and TGF-alpha and Ki67 index, a significant increase was observed in Ca ex-PA, especially with adenocarcinoma, compared with PA and sialadenitis. ex-pa 116-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 17972023-1 2008 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (MR1) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (MR2), are efficacious against the UACC 897 breast, PC-3 and LNCaP prostate, and T98G glioblastoma tumor lines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 17972023-1 2008 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (MR1) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (MR2), are efficacious against the UACC 897 breast, PC-3 and LNCaP prostate, and T98G glioblastoma tumor lines in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 18512322-0 2008 [Effect of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the expression of AhR and TGF-alpha]. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 11-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 18512322-1 2008 OBJECTIVE: To study HaCaT-keratinocyte cell lines, a chosen model of human epidermis in an attempt to analyze the mRNA expression of AhR and TGF-alpha induced by TCDD METHODS: Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR-technique was used for assaying the relative levels of AhR and TGF-alpha mRNA of HaCaT-cells during the proliferation period when the cells were cultured for 24 hours. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 162-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 18512322-7 2008 CONCLUSIONS: TCDD down-regulate the expression of AhR and up-regulate the expression of TGF-alpha. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 17680562-6 2007 Upregulation of genes involved in polyamine synthesis, methionine salvage and downregulation of polyamine negative regulator OAZ1, was highest in c-Myc/Tgf-alpha HCCs and HCCP. Polyamines 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 17680562-6 2007 Upregulation of genes involved in polyamine synthesis, methionine salvage and downregulation of polyamine negative regulator OAZ1, was highest in c-Myc/Tgf-alpha HCCs and HCCP. Methionine 55-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 17680562-6 2007 Upregulation of genes involved in polyamine synthesis, methionine salvage and downregulation of polyamine negative regulator OAZ1, was highest in c-Myc/Tgf-alpha HCCs and HCCP. Polyamines 96-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 20641853-0 2004 Cy5.5 conjugated anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane protein that promotes cell proliferation by the specific binding of the autocrine epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). cyanine dye 5 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 296-304 17913856-8 2007 However, after transfection of PC14-PE6 cells with TGF-alpha, lung tumors derived from the transfected cells expressed and activated EGFR in both tumor and tumor-associated endothelial cells and tumors responded to treatment with AEE788. AEE 788 230-236 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 17785207-3 2007 We show that concomitant expression of TGFalpha and Kras(G12D) accelerates the progression of mPanIN lesions to metastatic pancreatic cancer and leads to the development of cystic papillary lesions resembling human intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). mpanin 94-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-47 20641450-0 2004 Cetuximab-Oregon Green 488 The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane protein that promotes cell proliferation by the specific binding of the autocrine epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha). Oregon Green 488 carboxylic acid 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 248-256 17115938-5 2007 In contrast, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induced the conversion to reactive astrocytes with diminished sensitivity to NaHS. sodium bisulfide 231-235 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 17267001-0 2007 Chronic arsenic exposure increases TGFalpha concentration in bladder urothelial cells of Mexican populations environmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic. Arsenic 8-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 17267001-0 2007 Chronic arsenic exposure increases TGFalpha concentration in bladder urothelial cells of Mexican populations environmentally exposed to inorganic arsenic. Arsenic 146-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 17267001-7 2007 Results show a statistically significant positive correlation between TGF-alpha concentration in BUC and each of the six arsenic species present in urine. Arsenic 121-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 17267001-8 2007 The multivariate linear regression analyses show that the increment of TGF-alpha levels in BUC was importantly associated with the presence of arsenic species after adjusting by age, and presence of urinary infection. Arsenic 143-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 17267001-9 2007 People from areas with high arsenic exposure had a significantly higher TGF-alpha concentration in BUC than people from areas of low arsenic exposure (128.8 vs. 64.4 pg/mg protein; p<0.05). Arsenic 28-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 17392498-7 2007 Exposure to 25-50 mM ethanol significantly increased transforming growth factor alpha (TGFA) and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HBEGF), but not EGF or amphiregulin (AREG). Ethanol 21-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-91 17143494-8 2007 Furthermore, sivelestat significantly inhibited NE-induced release of TGF-alpha, PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB and VEGF in the medium in TE-13 esophageal carcinoma cells. sivelestat 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 17202813-5 2007 The HGF- or TGFalpha-induced increase in DNA synthesis and in albumin or fibrinogen concentrations was suppressed by the addition of rapamycin, as well as wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor. Sirolimus 133-142 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 17202813-5 2007 The HGF- or TGFalpha-induced increase in DNA synthesis and in albumin or fibrinogen concentrations was suppressed by the addition of rapamycin, as well as wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase inhibitor. Wortmannin 155-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 17917084-1 2007 In previous studies we demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha [MR1]), its binding site the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR [MR2]), and the anti-apoptosis protein bcl-2 (MR4) are efficacious against prostate tumors. Oligonucleotides 51-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 17848743-1 2007 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (MR1) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (MR2), are efficacious against PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumors. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 17848743-1 2007 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (MR1) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (MR2), are efficacious against PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumors. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 17142770-12 2006 Thus, LPS accelerates wound repair in airway epithelial cells via a novel TLR-4-->protein kinase C alphabeta-->dual oxidase 1-->reactive oxygen species-->TACE-->TGF-alpha-->EGFR phosphorylation pathway. Reactive Oxygen Species 137-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 176-185 16918998-10 2006 Interestingly, sivelestat significantly reduced NE-induced EGFR phosphorylation and ERK1/2 activation and completely blocked the release of TGF-alpha from the TMK-1 cell surface. sivelestat 15-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 17178880-5 2006 PGE2 and BK triggered EGFR signaling by increasing selective autocrine release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). Dinoprostone 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 17056473-7 2006 There was a significant linear trend between cumulative arsenic exposure and the prevalence of plasma TGF-alpha over-expression after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.019). Arsenic 56-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 16918998-13 2006 These results indicate that sivelestat suppresses the growth of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the release of TGF-alpha stimulated by NE, which often occurs after surgical stresses. sivelestat 28-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 17136230-1 2006 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha; MR(1)) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; MR(2)), have proven efficacious against PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumors when evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 16964406-11 2006 Recombinant TGF-alpha induced the production of VEGF in cultured LPMCs (P<0.05). lpmcs 65-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 17136230-1 2006 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha; MR(1)) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; MR(2)), have proven efficacious against PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumors when evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo models. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 16862430-7 2006 SP and PI increased intra-cellular u-PA of keratinocytes and stimulated the secretion of u-PA and TGF-alpha. TFF2 protein, human 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 16585207-6 2006 Exposure to gefitinib or a small interfering RNA construct specific for TGF-alpha reversed the constitutive EGFR phosphorylation and downstream target [extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AKT] phosphorylation in the gefitinib-sensitive cells but had no effects on ERK or AKT phosphorylation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Gefitinib 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 16685431-3 2006 AREG and TGFA are biomarkers for Gefitinib non-responders. Gefitinib 33-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-13 16810310-6 2006 More importantly, the suppression of signals downstream from TGFalpha binding to EGFR with EGFR-TKI treatment also revealed that TGFalpha self-upregulation in the parathyroid glands is the main determinant of the severity of the hyperplastic growth, and that enhanced TGFalpha activation of EGFR mediates the reduction in parathyroid vitamin D receptor levels thereby causing resistance to both the antiproliferative and parathyroid hormone-suppressive properties of calcitriol therapy. Calcitriol 467-477 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 16810310-6 2006 More importantly, the suppression of signals downstream from TGFalpha binding to EGFR with EGFR-TKI treatment also revealed that TGFalpha self-upregulation in the parathyroid glands is the main determinant of the severity of the hyperplastic growth, and that enhanced TGFalpha activation of EGFR mediates the reduction in parathyroid vitamin D receptor levels thereby causing resistance to both the antiproliferative and parathyroid hormone-suppressive properties of calcitriol therapy. Calcitriol 467-477 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 16810310-6 2006 More importantly, the suppression of signals downstream from TGFalpha binding to EGFR with EGFR-TKI treatment also revealed that TGFalpha self-upregulation in the parathyroid glands is the main determinant of the severity of the hyperplastic growth, and that enhanced TGFalpha activation of EGFR mediates the reduction in parathyroid vitamin D receptor levels thereby causing resistance to both the antiproliferative and parathyroid hormone-suppressive properties of calcitriol therapy. Calcitriol 467-477 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 16820093-5 2006 Oral administration of PKI166 produced significant therapy only in TGF-alpha+ tumors, which correlated with apoptosis of tumor-associated endothelial cells. PKI 166 23-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 16585207-4 2006 Sensitivity to gefitinib correlated directly with ligand [transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)] expression (r(2) = 0.71, P = 0.004) but not with surface EGFR expression. Gefitinib 15-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 16585207-6 2006 Exposure to gefitinib or a small interfering RNA construct specific for TGF-alpha reversed the constitutive EGFR phosphorylation and downstream target [extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AKT] phosphorylation in the gefitinib-sensitive cells but had no effects on ERK or AKT phosphorylation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Gefitinib 226-235 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 16585207-6 2006 Exposure to gefitinib or a small interfering RNA construct specific for TGF-alpha reversed the constitutive EGFR phosphorylation and downstream target [extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), AKT] phosphorylation in the gefitinib-sensitive cells but had no effects on ERK or AKT phosphorylation in gefitinib-resistant cells. Gefitinib 226-235 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 16568376-2 2006 We examined whether abrogation of the TGF-alpha/EGFR signaling pathway with a selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, could inhibit the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Gefitinib 120-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 16443372-8 2006 An ErbB1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PD153035, inhibited the TGFalpha effect. 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline 36-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 16568376-8 2006 When the cells were co-treated with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, enhanced proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT were canceled, and the cell-cycle promotion by TGF-alpha was inhibited by co-treatment with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, independently of expression levels of EGFR. Gefitinib 36-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 16568376-10 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The present data demonstrated that gefitinib exerted an antiproliferative action on HCC cells under a limited condition when signaling pathways downstream of EGFR were activated by TGF-alpha. Gefitinib 48-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 194-203 16568376-8 2006 When the cells were co-treated with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, enhanced proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT were canceled, and the cell-cycle promotion by TGF-alpha was inhibited by co-treatment with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, independently of expression levels of EGFR. Gefitinib 36-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 16568376-8 2006 When the cells were co-treated with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, enhanced proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT were canceled, and the cell-cycle promotion by TGF-alpha was inhibited by co-treatment with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, independently of expression levels of EGFR. Gefitinib 209-218 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 16568376-8 2006 When the cells were co-treated with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, enhanced proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT were canceled, and the cell-cycle promotion by TGF-alpha was inhibited by co-treatment with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, independently of expression levels of EGFR. Gefitinib 209-218 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 16568376-8 2006 When the cells were co-treated with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, enhanced proliferation and activation of ERK1/2 and AKT were canceled, and the cell-cycle promotion by TGF-alpha was inhibited by co-treatment with gefitinib and TGF-alpha, independently of expression levels of EGFR. Gefitinib 209-218 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 16055478-6 2005 E-cadherin blockade also increased EGFR-dependent cell proliferation and TGF-alpha-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in dense cultures of NCI-H292 cells, suggesting that E-cadherin promotes EGFR-dependent mucin production and inhibits EGFR-dependent cell proliferation via modulation of EGFR phosphotyrosine levels. Phosphotyrosine 296-311 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 16213648-10 2006 In addition, we found that, in this cell line, such anti-apoptotic action of TCDD resembles that of exogenously added EGF or TGF alpha. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 77-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 16399672-2 2006 Activation of these receptors by transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) results in production of prostaglandin E2, which then stimulates luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) neurons to secrete LHRH, the neuropeptide controlling sexual development. Dinoprostone 102-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 16870352-2 2006 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy against both the PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumor models. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 16870352-2 2006 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy against both the PC-3 and LNCaP prostate tumor models. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 16055478-6 2005 E-cadherin blockade also increased EGFR-dependent cell proliferation and TGF-alpha-induced EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation in dense cultures of NCI-H292 cells, suggesting that E-cadherin promotes EGFR-dependent mucin production and inhibits EGFR-dependent cell proliferation via modulation of EGFR phosphotyrosine levels. Tyrosine 96-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 16425993-3 2005 Sorafenib has the added advantage of inhibiting multiple different Raf isoforms, which enables it to target TGF-alpha/EGFR signaling and may also enhance its inhibition of VEGFR and PDGFR-beta. Sorafenib 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-117 16139244-3 2005 Treatment with TGFalpha or BTC increases levels of TGFbeta1 mRNA in undifferentiated granulosa cells, while the selective inhibitor of mitogen activated protein kinase signaling, U0126, reverses these effects. U 0126 179-184 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 16494031-4 2005 RESULT: Compared with the control group, the levels of EGF, TGF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased by treatment with Aloe coarse polysaccharide (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and in a dose dependent manner, and the levels of TGF-beta1 and TNF were also increased but no statistical significance. Polysaccharides 154-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 16494031-5 2005 CONCLUSION: Aloe coarse polysaccharide may promote keratinocytes to secrete EGF, TGF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8. Polysaccharides 24-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-90 16230376-6 2005 Gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha was positive showed a poorer tumor-specific survival (P = 0.037 and 0.002, respectively, by univariate analysis) compared with those whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha concentrations were negative. Gefitinib 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 16230376-1 2005 Serum levels of amphiregulin and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), which were identified previously to be expressed at high levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with poor response to gefitinib, were examined by ELISA using blood samples taken from 50 patients with advanced NSCLCs. Gefitinib 203-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 16120441-2 2005 Here, we show that TGFalpha, a known activator of Ras signaling, can drive cell proliferation and at the same time induce the expression of the Notch target Hes-1 in the neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE(2)c. The up-regulation of Hes-1 occurred both at the transcriptional and protein levels and by use of EGFR and MEK inhibitors we could show that the Hes-1 response was dependent on activation of the MAP kinase ERK. sk-n-be 194-201 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 16230376-6 2005 Gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha was positive showed a poorer tumor-specific survival (P = 0.037 and 0.002, respectively, by univariate analysis) compared with those whose serum amphiregulin or TGF-alpha concentrations were negative. Gefitinib 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 232-241 16230376-7 2005 Multivariate analysis showed an independent association between positivity for TGF-alpha and shorter survival times among NSCLC patients treated with gefitinib (P = 0.034). Gefitinib 150-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 16230376-9 2005 Our data suggest that the status of amphiregulin and TGF-alpha in serum can be an important predictor of the resistance to gefitinib among patients with advanced NSCLC. Gefitinib 123-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-62 15994962-3 2005 In this study, the EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) AG1478 inhibited cell growth of an aggressive human colon carcinoma cell line, FET6alphaS26X, which harbors constitutively activated EGFR after stable transfection with TGF-alpha cDNA. RTKI cpd 66-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 235-244 16148149-5 2005 TNF-alpha-converting enzyme (TACE) cleaves pro-TGF-alpha into soluble TGF-alpha and can be activated by ROS. Reactive Oxygen Species 104-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 16148149-6 2005 We hypothesize that HNE activates TACE via ROS generation, resulting in cleavage of pro-TGF-alpha, EGFR activation, and MUC5AC mucin expression in airway epithelial cells. Reactive Oxygen Species 43-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 16046297-8 2005 Carnosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-beta in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Glucose 175-182 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 15925013-6 2005 The major sources of TG in the liver: uptake of fatty acids (FA) released by lipolysis of adipose tissue TG, uptake of TGFA in VLDL and chylomicrons remnants, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis (the synthesis of FA from glucose) are all abnormally increased in insulin resistance. Triglycerides 21-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-123 15840779-2 2005 In this study, we have determined the effects of calcium and thrombin on the release of EGF, TGF-alpha, IGF-1, Ang-2 and IL-1beta from PRPs, and assessed the mitogenic potential of PRP supernatants on osteoblast and endothelial cell division. Calcium 49-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 15304500-6 2004 Selective MEK inhibitors attenuated TGFalpha-mediated basal activation of p70S6K (S6K) specifically at Thr-389, indicating that this S6K site is downstream of ERK/MAPK signaling. Threonine 103-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-44 15877961-6 2005 CONCLUSION: Aloe polysaccharide could promote keratinocytes to secrete TGF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF, and inhibit the release of NO. aloe polysaccharide 12-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 15755997-11 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Significant correlations were found between serum levels of TGF-alpha and IL-6, circadian patterns in wrist activity and serum cortisol and tumor-related symptoms in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Hydrocortisone 140-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 15943034-3 2005 Production of IL-15 and/or TGF-alpha was also associated with amphoterin mRNA expression in colon cancer tissues with TAM depletion in both Dukes" B and C tumors (P = 0.0167 and P = 0.0062, respectively). tam 118-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 15640347-6 2005 These stimuli induced TACE activation, TGF-alpha release, and mucin expression, effects that were inhibited by ROS scavengers, implicating ROS in TACE activation. Reactive Oxygen Species 111-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 15640347-6 2005 These stimuli induced TACE activation, TGF-alpha release, and mucin expression, effects that were inhibited by ROS scavengers, implicating ROS in TACE activation. Reactive Oxygen Species 139-142 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 15807218-1 2005 PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the in vivo effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the localization of immunoreactive transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and their common receptor (EGF-R) in the human endometrium. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 59-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 15807218-1 2005 PURPOSE: The present study evaluated the in vivo effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the localization of immunoreactive transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and their common receptor (EGF-R) in the human endometrium. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 88-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 15319441-8 2004 SP stimulated TGFalpha release into the extracellular space that was measurable within 2 min, and this release was inhibited by metalloproteinase inhibitors and the TACE inhibitor TAPI-1. N-((2-(hydroxyaminocarbonyl)methyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanylalanine, 2-aminoethylamide 180-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 15720796-5 2004 Using [3H]thymidine incorporation, DNA synthesis assay, we found that all three drugs inhibited transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-induced cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Tritium 7-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-139 15720796-5 2004 Using [3H]thymidine incorporation, DNA synthesis assay, we found that all three drugs inhibited transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-induced cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Thymidine 10-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-139 15377841-5 2004 The ligands for the EGFR/erbB1 receptor, EGF (epidermal growth factor) and TGF alpha (transforming growth factor- alpha ) demonstrate an increased ability to activate Akt in TAM-R compared with parental MCF-7 cells and it is proposed that the preferred autocrine or paracrine activation of Akt occurs via the erbB heterodimer EGFR/erbB2 in TAM-R cells. tam-r 174-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-119 15280379-9 2004 Knockdown of Eve-1 by small interfering RNA in HT1080 cells reduced the shedding of proHB-EGF induced by angiotensin II and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, as well as the shedding of pro-transforming growth factor-alpha, promphiregulin, and proepiregulin by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, suggesting that Eve-1 plays a role in positively regulating the activity of ADAMs in the signaling of EGFR-ligand shedding. prohb 84-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 189-225 15316561-4 2004 Inhibition of Stat3 by 15d-PGJ(2) was abolished by exogenous stimulation with transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), but not interleukin 6 (IL-6), supporting a selective effect of 15d-PGJ(2) on IL-6-mediated signalling. 15d-pgj 23-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 15355899-8 2004 Blockade of the EGFR with the tyrphostin AG1478 eliminates the up-regulation XRCC1 and ERCC1 by TGF alpha or irradiation. Tyrphostins 30-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 15342401-9 2004 In addition to TGF-alpha release, GRP induced amphiregulin, but not EGF, secretion into HNSCC cell culture medium, an effect that was blocked by the MMP inhibitor marimastat. marimastat 163-173 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 15355899-8 2004 Blockade of the EGFR with the tyrphostin AG1478 eliminates the up-regulation XRCC1 and ERCC1 by TGF alpha or irradiation. RTKI cpd 41-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 15222785-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA) was the first gene suggested to be associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip, cleft palate, or both (CL/ P). Phosphorus 153-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-49 15121636-6 2004 Cigarette smoke increases TGF-alpha shedding, EGFR phosphorylation, and mucin production, which are prevented by metalloprotease inhibitors (GM-6001 and TNF-alpha protease inhibitor-1) and by specific knockdown of TACE with TACE siRNA, implicating TACE in smoking-induced responses. N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide 141-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 15121636-7 2004 Furthermore, pretreatment with antioxidants prevents smoking-induced TGF-alpha shedding and mucin production, suggesting that reactive oxygen species is involved in TACE activation. Reactive Oxygen Species 126-149 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 15276867-8 2004 Interestingly, in three of the four cell lines used, DCQ increased the TGF-beta1 transcript levels and decreased TGF-alpha mRNA, but did not induce changes in TGF-beta2 expression. 2-benzoyl-3-phenyl-6,7-dichloroquinoxaline-1,4-dioxide 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 15222785-8 2004 RESULTS: The TGFA genotype distribution was very similar in patients with CL/P ascertained in the three different regions of Brazil. Phosphorus 77-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-17 15200483-2 2004 This cytokine, such as transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), induces deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans and collagen fibres in the ECM. Glycosaminoglycans 91-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 15200483-2 2004 This cytokine, such as transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), induces deposition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), proteoglycans and collagen fibres in the ECM. Glycosaminoglycans 111-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 15693634-9 2004 In our study, RA treatment with brain-derived growth factor and TGFalpha in neuron differentiation medium induced not only neuronal differentiation but also pluripotential differentiation. Tretinoin 14-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 15087408-7 2004 MCDF also activated an estrogen response element (ERE)-luciferase reporter and increased mRNA levels of the estrogen-responsive gene transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha. 6-methyl-1,3,8-trichlorodibenzofuran 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-171 15225829-0 2004 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D downregulation of TGFalpha/EGFR expression and growth signaling: a mechanism for the antiproliferative actions of the sterol in parathyroid hyperplasia of renal failure. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 0-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 15225829-5 2004 At early stages of renal failure, vitamin D therapy efficiently counteracts uremia- and high phosphorus-induced hyperplasia by inhibiting the increases in parathyroid-TGFalpha/EGFR co-expression. Vitamin D 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 15225829-5 2004 At early stages of renal failure, vitamin D therapy efficiently counteracts uremia- and high phosphorus-induced hyperplasia by inhibiting the increases in parathyroid-TGFalpha/EGFR co-expression. Phosphorus 93-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 15225829-6 2004 In established hyperparathyroidism, characterized by highly enhanced-TGFalpha/EGFR co-expression, vitamin D therapy arrests growth by suppressing EGFR-growth signals from the plasma membrane and nuclear EGFR actions as a transactivator of the cyclin D1 gene, an important contributor to parathyroid hyperplasia in humans. Vitamin D 98-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 15120416-7 2004 In TGFalpha expression assays, resveratrol acted as a full agonist in cells expressing wtERalpha. Resveratrol 31-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 3-11 15025953-1 2004 BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have indicated that increased expression of TGFalpha and cyclin E are correlated with the oncogenesis and progress of cancer; however, their expression patterns in gastric precancerous lesions have been not clear yet. Adenosine Monophosphate 12-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 15387370-7 2004 Inhibition of EGFR signalling with gefitinib reduced both basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated invasion and motility and reduced cell-matrix adhesion. Gefitinib 35-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 14730505-3 2004 Calcitriol inhibits PTH gene transcription and ameliorates parathyroid hyperplasia by suppressing the expression of and growth signals from the autocrine transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-growth loop, a main determinant of parathyroid cell proliferation. Calcitriol 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 14714133-8 2004 In situ hybridization was performed using EGF and TGF-alpha specific digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probes. Digoxigenin 69-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 14627647-4 2003 Here we show that cultured tanycytes express erbB-1 and erbB-2, two of the four members of the erbB receptor family, and respond to TGFalpha with receptor phosphorylation, release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and a PGE2-dependent increase in the release of TGFbeta1, a growth factor previously implicated in the glial control of LHRH secretion. Dinoprostone 201-205 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 14639706-5 2003 Here we assess possible interaction between the child"s TGFA TaqI A2A2 genotype and maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, use of multivitamins and folic acid. Alcohols 112-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-60 14639706-5 2003 Here we assess possible interaction between the child"s TGFA TaqI A2A2 genotype and maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, use of multivitamins and folic acid. Folic Acid 158-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-60 14639706-10 2003 The risk associated with two copies of the A2 allele at TGFA TaqI was strong among children whose mothers did not use folic acid (relative risk=4.5, 95% confidence interval=1.3-15.7), and was only marginal among children whose mothers reported using folic acid (RR=1.4, 95% CI=0.2-12.7). Folic Acid 118-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-60 14639706-10 2003 The risk associated with two copies of the A2 allele at TGFA TaqI was strong among children whose mothers did not use folic acid (relative risk=4.5, 95% confidence interval=1.3-15.7), and was only marginal among children whose mothers reported using folic acid (RR=1.4, 95% CI=0.2-12.7). Folic Acid 250-260 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-60 14627647-4 2003 Here we show that cultured tanycytes express erbB-1 and erbB-2, two of the four members of the erbB receptor family, and respond to TGFalpha with receptor phosphorylation, release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and a PGE2-dependent increase in the release of TGFbeta1, a growth factor previously implicated in the glial control of LHRH secretion. Dinoprostone 183-199 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 14627647-4 2003 Here we show that cultured tanycytes express erbB-1 and erbB-2, two of the four members of the erbB receptor family, and respond to TGFalpha with receptor phosphorylation, release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and a PGE2-dependent increase in the release of TGFbeta1, a growth factor previously implicated in the glial control of LHRH secretion. Dinoprostone 214-218 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 14627647-5 2003 Blockade of either erbB-1 receptor signal transduction or prostaglandin synthesis prevented the stimulatory effect of TGFalpha on both PGE2 and TGFbeta1 release. Prostaglandins 58-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 14627647-5 2003 Blockade of either erbB-1 receptor signal transduction or prostaglandin synthesis prevented the stimulatory effect of TGFalpha on both PGE2 and TGFbeta1 release. Dinoprostone 135-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 14627647-10 2003 These in vitro results identify tanycytes as targets of TGFalpha action and demonstrate that activation of erbB-1-mediated signaling in these cells results in plastic changes that, involving PGE2 and TGFbeta1 as downstream effectors, mimic the morphological plasticity displayed by tanycytes during the hours encompassing the preovulatory surge of LHRH. Dinoprostone 191-195 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 14519647-7 2003 Retinoids have been shown to decrease the gene transcription rates of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and EGFR in HNSCC. Retinoids 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-108 12972643-5 2003 PMA, PA sup, and LPS increased MUC5AC gene expression and mucin protein production, effects that were prevented by pretreatment with AG1478, a selective inhibitor of EGFR phosphorylation and by preincubation with an EGFR-neutralizing Ab or with a TGF-alpha-neutralizing Ab, implicating ligand (TGF-alpha)-dependent EGFR phosphorylation in mucin production. RTKI cpd 133-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 247-256 12972643-5 2003 PMA, PA sup, and LPS increased MUC5AC gene expression and mucin protein production, effects that were prevented by pretreatment with AG1478, a selective inhibitor of EGFR phosphorylation and by preincubation with an EGFR-neutralizing Ab or with a TGF-alpha-neutralizing Ab, implicating ligand (TGF-alpha)-dependent EGFR phosphorylation in mucin production. RTKI cpd 133-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 294-303 14642080-8 2003 Curcumin inhibits the expression of ER downstream genes including pS2 and TGF-alpha (transforming growth factor-alpha) in ER-positive MCF-7 cells, and this inhibition is also dependent on the presence of estrogen. Curcumin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-83 14519647-10 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that there is a correlation between the efficacy of receptor-selective retinoids and modulation of TGF-alpha/EGFR signaling in HNSCC. Retinoids 106-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 14517342-3 2003 Inhibition of MAPK activity with MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059 blocks early stages of cell migration (up to 4 h); however, cells revert back to enhanced cell migration after 4 h. While inhibition of PKC-delta activity with rottlerin or dominant-negative PKC-delta expression blocks sustained cell migration after 4 h and up to 12 h, the combination of MAPK and PKC inhibitors completely blocked transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)-induced cell migration in EGFR-overexpressing breast cancer cells. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 67-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 441-450 12888923-0 2003 Inhibition of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 expression by quercetin prevents transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced human PC-3 prostate cancer cell proliferation. Quercetin 46-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-108 12888923-8 2003 Co-treating PC-3 cells with quercetin significantly attenuated EGF- and TGF-alpha-induced growth and phosphorylation of ErbB-2, ErbB-3, c-Raf, MAPK kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), MAPK, Elk-1 and Akt-1. Quercetin 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 12957496-6 2003 The effects of EGF, TGFalpha, FGF-2, and PDGF on glial glutamate transport were only partly redundant and involved distinctly different signaling pathways. Glutamic Acid 55-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 12907656-10 2003 Pretreatment of growth-arrested HCT116 cells with AG1478, a selective inhibitor of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity, blocked the reinitiation of DNA synthesis, demonstrating that growth factor independence was due to the increased TGF-alpha expression and EGFR activation of these cells in growth arrest relative to growth factor-dependent HCT116b cells. RTKI cpd 50-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-237 12709435-2 2003 Using the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE that is induced to proliferate by TGF-alpha, we demonstrated that the expression of a single transcription factor, the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha), can reroute the TGF-alpha mitogenic signaling toward a path leading to differentiation. sk-n-be 40-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 12709435-2 2003 Using the human neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-BE that is induced to proliferate by TGF-alpha, we demonstrated that the expression of a single transcription factor, the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha), can reroute the TGF-alpha mitogenic signaling toward a path leading to differentiation. sk-n-be 40-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 219-228 12709435-4 2003 In neuroblastoma cells, 17 beta-estradiol treatment induced a transient increase in the transcription of estrogen-responsive element-containing promoters including those regulating TGF-alpha and prothymosin alpha synthesis. Estradiol 24-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 181-190 12960509-7 2003 RESULTS: The collagen-stimulating activity in conditioned media from ethanol-exposed HepG2 cells to stimulate type I procollagen peptide synthesis of IMR-90 cells was specifically inhibited by addition of anti-TGF-alpha antibodies. Ethanol 69-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-219 12960509-8 2003 Western blot analysis showed increased TGF-alpha protein expression in ethanol-treated HepG2 cells. Ethanol 71-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 12960509-9 2003 TGF-alpha in conditioned medium from ethanol-exposed HepG2 cells stimulated type-I collagen messenger RNA expression in rat hepatic stellate cells. Ethanol 37-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 12960509-10 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TGF-alpha derived from ethanol-exposed hepatocytes may contribute to the development of hepatic fibrosis in alcoholic liver diseases. Ethanol 63-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 12606307-7 2003 In conclusion, bile acids activate EGFR via a TGF-alpha-dependent mechanism, and this EGFR activation promotes cellular growth. Bile Acids and Salts 15-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-55 12930308-5 2003 Western blot analysis demonstrated that nickel ions induced up-modulation of the expression of the keratinocyte growth factor receptors (KGFR) without affecting the keratinocyte differentiation, whereas the protein levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and of its ligand transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) appeared unmodified by the treatment. Nickel 40-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 321-330 12606307-0 2003 Bile acids activate EGF receptor via a TGF-alpha-dependent mechanism in human cholangiocyte cell lines. Bile Acids and Salts 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 12202486-9 2002 A metalloproteinase inhibitor, WAY171318, reduced CCh-induced phosphorylation of ERK and completely blocked EGFr phosphorylation and TGF-alpha release. way171318 31-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-142 12606307-5 2003 Although cells constitutively expressed several EGFR ligands, only transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) antisera effectively blocked bile acid-induced EGFR phosphorylation. Bile Acids and Salts 141-150 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 12606307-6 2003 Consistent with the concept that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is requisite for TGF-alpha membrane release and ligand function, bile acid transactivation of EGFR and cell growth was blocked by an MMP inhibitor. Bile Acids and Salts 138-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 14768176-1 2003 Increased glucose metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway has been shown to mediate many of adverse effects i.e. desensitisation of glucose transport in tissues, an inhibition of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscles, an impairment of insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells, arteriosclerosis and nephropathy by stimulation of growth factor TGF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 promoters expression. Glucose 10-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 376-385 14768176-1 2003 Increased glucose metabolism through the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway has been shown to mediate many of adverse effects i.e. desensitisation of glucose transport in tissues, an inhibition of glycolysis and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscles, an impairment of insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells, arteriosclerosis and nephropathy by stimulation of growth factor TGF-alpha and TGF-beta 1 promoters expression. Hexosamines 41-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 376-385 12700602-1 2003 Activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK-1), the gene mutated in HHT type 2 (HHT2), is a serine/threonine kinase receptor type I of the TGF-beta superfamily, specifically expressed on endothelial cells. Serine 84-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-139 12725245-4 2003 Thermolytic digestion demonstrated three disulfide bond pairings of the EGF-like domain in HB-EGF is consistent with that of human-EGF and human-TGF-alpha. Disulfides 41-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-154 12668121-2 2003 These effects appear to be due to the ability of TCDD to increase the expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha), a known EGFR ligand. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 49-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 12665682-1 2003 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against mRNA-encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate cancer tumor models. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 12665682-1 2003 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against mRNA-encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy against prostate cancer tumor models. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 14622907-8 2003 Voltage-clamp recordings from the bipolar neurons indicated that chronic treatment with TGFalpha markedly decreased the current densities of slow delayed rectifier (IK) and transient voltage-gated potassium currents, whereas the treatment had no effect on voltage-gated sodium current and fast delayed rectifier potassium current densities. Potassium 197-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 14622907-8 2003 Voltage-clamp recordings from the bipolar neurons indicated that chronic treatment with TGFalpha markedly decreased the current densities of slow delayed rectifier (IK) and transient voltage-gated potassium currents, whereas the treatment had no effect on voltage-gated sodium current and fast delayed rectifier potassium current densities. Sodium 270-276 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 14622907-10 2003 Thus, chronic treatment with TGFalpha down-regulated slow delayed rectifier and transient voltage-gated potassium currents, and in parallel, suppressed repetitive generation of action potentials in the cortical GABAergic neurons. Potassium 104-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 12616956-0 2002 Backbone modification alters the efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides directed against mRNA encoding either TGF-alpha or EGFR in the treatment of prostate cancer cell lines. Oligonucleotides 55-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-119 12616956-1 2002 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against mRNA-encoding, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), have been shown to significantly inhibit in vitro and in vivo growth of prostate tumor models. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 12202486-8 2002 CCh caused the basolateral release of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) into T(84) cell bathing media. Carbachol 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 12652527-5 2003 Among CPO cases, there was a 3-fold risk with two copies of the TGFA TaqI A2 allele, and no increase with one copy. cpo 6-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-68 12668121-7 2003 Finally, the TCDD-dependent increase in TGFalpha mRNA was also suppressed by MNF. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 12668121-8 2003 MNF"s effects on TCDD action in the MCF-10A cell line occurred at concentrations ranging from 1 nM for Akt phosphorylation and TGFalpha expression to 100 nM for inhibition of apoptosis. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 17-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 12490542-2 2003 In the present study, we used in vitro models of apoptotic or necrotic paradigms demonstrating that TGF-alpha rescues neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic death, with the obligatory presence of astrocytes. N-Methylaspartate 131-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 12490542-2 2003 In the present study, we used in vitro models of apoptotic or necrotic paradigms demonstrating that TGF-alpha rescues neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxic death, with the obligatory presence of astrocytes. N-Methylaspartate 153-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 12490542-3 2003 Because neuronal tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release was shown to potentiate NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, we observed that TGF-alpha treatment reduced NMDA-induced increase of t-PA activity in mixed cultures of neurons and astrocytes. N-Methylaspartate 90-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 12490542-3 2003 Because neuronal tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release was shown to potentiate NMDA-induced excitotoxicity, we observed that TGF-alpha treatment reduced NMDA-induced increase of t-PA activity in mixed cultures of neurons and astrocytes. N-Methylaspartate 164-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 12490542-5 2003 Finally, we showed that TGF-alpha, by an ERK-dependent mechanism, stimulates the astrocytic expression of PAI-1, a t-PA inhibitor, which mediates the neuroprotective activity of TGF-alpha against NMDA-mediated excitotoxic neuronal death. N-Methylaspartate 196-200 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 12490542-5 2003 Finally, we showed that TGF-alpha, by an ERK-dependent mechanism, stimulates the astrocytic expression of PAI-1, a t-PA inhibitor, which mediates the neuroprotective activity of TGF-alpha against NMDA-mediated excitotoxic neuronal death. N-Methylaspartate 196-200 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-187 12490542-6 2003 Taken together, we indicate that TGF-alpha rescues neurons from NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in mixed cultures through inhibition of t-PA activity, involving PAI-1 overexpression by an ERK-dependent pathway in astrocytes. N-Methylaspartate 64-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 12202486-10 2002 We conclude that CCh-stimulated EGFr transactivation and subsequent ERK activation, a pathway that limits CCh-induced chloride secretion, is mediated by metalloproteinase-dependent extracellular release of TGF-alpha and intracellular Src activation. Carbachol 17-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-215 12168960-7 2002 In patients randomized to 13-CRA who had > or = 50% clearance of DOL during treatment, significant modulation of TGF-alpha mRNA overexpression was seen after 6 months of treatment (p = 0.016). dalfopristin 68-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 12403120-1 2002 Basic scientific research has demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) are induced by acute tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. tympanic 232-240 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 200-209 12045464-9 2002 TAM caused decreased TGF-alpha and increased TGF-beta levels in MCF-7, but not in SCCHN supernatants. Tamoxifen 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 12106978-7 2002 Digitonin treatment of preloaded cells revealed that the intracellular dissociation of hTGF alpha was more rapid than that of hEGF. Digitonin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-97 12099697-5 2002 Transient transfection of astrocytes with APP gene promoter (-2832 bp) chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter constructs led to increased reporter activity upon TGF-beta stimulation. Chloramphenicol 71-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 12045464-11 2002 In the present in vitro system, the observed antitumor activity of high-dose TAM in SCCHN cannot be explained by estrogen antagonism, alterations of TGF-alpha/beta levels or decreased PKC activity. Tamoxifen 77-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 11914075-8 2002 Analysis of the B-loop revealed that Leu26 in EGF facilitates interaction with ErbB-2/ErbB-3 heterodimers, while the equivalent Glu residue in TGF-alpha impairs binding. Glutamic Acid 128-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-152 12029622-4 2002 (1) The number of pro-TGF-alpha+ nuclei was low in resting liver and increased dramatically after partial hepatectomy and after application of hepatotoxic chemicals or the primary mitogen cyproterone acetate (CPA); in any case, S phase occurred almost exclusively in pro-TGF-alpha+ nuclei. Cyproterone Acetate 188-207 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 12029622-4 2002 (1) The number of pro-TGF-alpha+ nuclei was low in resting liver and increased dramatically after partial hepatectomy and after application of hepatotoxic chemicals or the primary mitogen cyproterone acetate (CPA); in any case, S phase occurred almost exclusively in pro-TGF-alpha+ nuclei. Cyproterone Acetate 209-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 12029622-7 2002 (3) The frequency of hepatocytes coexpressing pro-TGF-alpha and DNA synthesis was increased by the hepatomitogens CPA or prostaglandin E(2) and was decreased by the growth inhibitor TGF-beta1. Cyproterone Acetate 114-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 12029622-7 2002 (3) The frequency of hepatocytes coexpressing pro-TGF-alpha and DNA synthesis was increased by the hepatomitogens CPA or prostaglandin E(2) and was decreased by the growth inhibitor TGF-beta1. Prostaglandins E 121-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 12192610-1 2002 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) comprises a structurally related family of proteins containing heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) that regulates the development of dopaminergic neurons as well as monoamine metabolism. monoamine 255-264 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-187 11867270-9 2002 Growth factors (IGF-I, EGF and TGF-alpha) also slightly stimulated luciferase and synergistically acted with 10 pM E2, or 1 microM E2-BSA conjugates, in agreement with the concept of a cross-talk between steroids and peptides acting on the cell membrane. Steroids 204-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 11942969-8 2002 CONCLUSIONS: There were only minor changes in the expression of TGFalpha, HER1 and HER2 after finasteride treatment. Finasteride 94-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 11875501-7 2002 Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) or c-Src blocked PGE2-mediated EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling indicating that PGE2-induced EGFR transactivation involves signaling transduced via TGF-alpha, an EGFR ligand, likely released by c-Src-activated MMP(s). Dinoprostone 110-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 11875501-7 2002 Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) or c-Src blocked PGE2-mediated EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling indicating that PGE2-induced EGFR transactivation involves signaling transduced via TGF-alpha, an EGFR ligand, likely released by c-Src-activated MMP(s). Dinoprostone 110-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 254-263 11875501-7 2002 Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) or c-Src blocked PGE2-mediated EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling indicating that PGE2-induced EGFR transactivation involves signaling transduced via TGF-alpha, an EGFR ligand, likely released by c-Src-activated MMP(s). Dinoprostone 186-190 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 11875501-7 2002 Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) or c-Src blocked PGE2-mediated EGFR transactivation and downstream signaling indicating that PGE2-induced EGFR transactivation involves signaling transduced via TGF-alpha, an EGFR ligand, likely released by c-Src-activated MMP(s). Dinoprostone 186-190 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 254-263 12207956-3 2002 In the present study, we sought to determine whether cAMP interferes with the mitogenic potential of FGF-2 and TGFalpha on astroglia by affecting the expression of respective growth factor receptors. Cyclic AMP 53-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 12207956-4 2002 Treatment of highly enriched cultures of cortical astrocytes with dibutyryl cAMP accelerated the TGFalpha-induced internalization and subsequent functional inactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor by transiently inhibiting EGF receptor mRNA synthesis. Bucladesine 66-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 12207956-7 2002 We propose that cAMP controls the mitogenic effects of TGFalpha and FGF-2 on astroglial cells by distinctly different mechanisms. Cyclic AMP 16-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 12207956-8 2002 Whereas cAMP seems to interfere with the mitogenic effects of TGFalpha on astroglial cells by affecting both the expression level and signaling of the EGF receptor, the modulatory effects of cAMP on FGF-2-induced astroglial proliferation seem to solely result from an inhibition of FGF receptor-activated signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP 8-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 11753991-4 2001 METHODS: The immunohistochemical expression of TGF-alpha, EGF-R, and c-erb B-2 was studied in paraffin material of 62 clinical Wilms tumors. Paraffin 94-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 11813992-8 2001 Resveratrol at 10(-5) M inhibited the expression of the autocrine growth stimulators transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), PC cell-derived growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor I receptor mRNA. Resveratrol 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 11718562-0 2001 Cross-reactive binding of cyclic peptides to an anti-TGFalpha antibody Fab fragment: an X-ray structural and thermodynamic analysis. Peptides, Cyclic 26-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 11822784-2 2001 METHODS: V-Ki-ras gene was introduced into RSF using a retrovirus and the proliferative response of these cells to TNF-alpha or TGF-alpha was estimated by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine. 3h-thymidine 179-191 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 11589729-8 2001 Addition of TGFalpha to early cultures induced a rapid increase in phosphotyrosine signal of the 170 kDa protein. Phosphotyrosine 67-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 11698343-3 2001 A combination of northern blot and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that DIM induced the level of TGF-alpha transcripts by approximately 4-fold within 24 h of indole treatment. indole 161-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 11826358-8 2001 We found TGF-alpha to be abundant and discretely localized in the muscularis propria in control animals but to be diminished in dexamethasone-treated animals. Dexamethasone 128-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 11559523-6 2001 A flat estrogen such as estradiol or diethylstilbestrol can induce TGF-alpha through a correctly positioned activating function 2 (AF2) and bind SRC-1. Estradiol 24-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 11559523-6 2001 A flat estrogen such as estradiol or diethylstilbestrol can induce TGF-alpha through a correctly positioned activating function 2 (AF2) and bind SRC-1. Diethylstilbestrol 37-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 11479234-2 2001 Nonselective retinoids have been shown to abrogate transcriptional activation of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which characterize SCCHN. Retinoids 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 11466216-7 2001 TGF alpha increased both F5,6 and F1 granulosa cell [(3)H]thymidine incorporation but not 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) metabolism. Thymidine 58-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11466216-7 2001 TGF alpha increased both F5,6 and F1 granulosa cell [(3)H]thymidine incorporation but not 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)3,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) metabolism. monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate 152-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11466216-8 2001 Although TNF alpha had no effect on [(3)H]thymidine incorporation irrespective of the presence of the growth factor, MTT metabolism was higher in F5,6 granulosa cells cultured for 24 h with both TNF alpha and TGF alpha than with either cytokine alone. monooxyethylene trimethylolpropane tristearate 117-120 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-218 11479234-10 2001 These results suggest that an RXR-selective retinoic acid decreases SCCHN proliferation in part by interfering with TGF-alpha/EGFR autocrine signaling. Tretinoin 44-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 11425333-9 2001 These findings indicate that prostaglandin synthesis is a necessary, but not sufficient, event in the suppression of granulosa cell apoptosis by TGF-alpha. Prostaglandins 29-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-154 11530283-1 2001 The selective estrogen receptor modulator, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) is a full agonist at the transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha gene in ER negative breast cancer cells stably transfected with ER alpha cDNA (Levenson et al., Br. hydroxytamoxifen 43-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-133 11530283-1 2001 The selective estrogen receptor modulator, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) is a full agonist at the transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha gene in ER negative breast cancer cells stably transfected with ER alpha cDNA (Levenson et al., Br. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 63-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-133 11530283-8 2001 An examination of the time course for either 10 nM E(2) or 1 microM 4-OHT for MDA-MB-231 cells stably transfected with cDNA for ER alpha showed increases in TGF alpha mRNA within 2 or 3 h respectively. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 68-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 11530283-9 2001 Cells pretreated with cycloheximide (1 microg/ml) showed induced TGF alpha mRNA in response to E(2) or 4-OHT but TGF alpha mRNA induction was blocked by actinomycin D (1 microg/ml). Cycloheximide 22-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-74 11530283-9 2001 Cells pretreated with cycloheximide (1 microg/ml) showed induced TGF alpha mRNA in response to E(2) or 4-OHT but TGF alpha mRNA induction was blocked by actinomycin D (1 microg/ml). Cycloheximide 22-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 11530283-9 2001 Cells pretreated with cycloheximide (1 microg/ml) showed induced TGF alpha mRNA in response to E(2) or 4-OHT but TGF alpha mRNA induction was blocked by actinomycin D (1 microg/ml). Dactinomycin 153-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 11530283-10 2001 We conclude that both E(2) and 4-OHT induce TGF alpha by direct interaction of ER alpha with DNA and that ER beta is not involved in the estrogen-like response to 4-OHT in the MDA-MB-231 cells. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-53 11425333-2 2001 The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible involvement of prostaglandins in the anti-apoptotic action of TGF-alpha. Prostaglandins 80-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-136 11425333-4 2001 TGF-alpha (20 ng ml(-1)) stimulated maximum synthesis of prostaglandins (PGE and PGF) in granulosa cells and completely inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Prostaglandins 57-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11425333-4 2001 TGF-alpha (20 ng ml(-1)) stimulated maximum synthesis of prostaglandins (PGE and PGF) in granulosa cells and completely inhibited serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Prostaglandins E 73-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11425333-10 2001 Whether arachidonic acid or leukotrienes are important in the anti-apoptotic action of TGF-alpha in hen granulosa cells remains to be determined. Arachidonic Acid 8-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 11425333-10 2001 Whether arachidonic acid or leukotrienes are important in the anti-apoptotic action of TGF-alpha in hen granulosa cells remains to be determined. Leukotrienes 28-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 11319165-5 2001 Treatment of granulosa cells from the three largest preovulatory follicles with insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and, to a lesser extent, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha induces rapid phosphorylation of Akt, and such phosphorylation is effectively blocked by the PI 3-kinase-inhibitor LY294006. ly294006 294-302 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-178 11350754-4 2001 TGF-alpha (0.17 nM) irreversibly inhibited ClC-2 current in nystatin-perforated whole cell patch-clamp experiments, whereas a superimposed reversible activation of the current was observed at 8.3 nM TGF-alpha. Nystatin 60-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 11150857-4 2001 The results obtained in this study, beside demonstrating the usefulness of the nonradioactive technique for the detection of TGF alpha mRNA in paraffin sections, allowed TGF alpha-producing cells to be seen in developing kidneys. Paraffin 143-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 11309286-3 2001 Indeed, in the present studies, the EGFR inhibitor AG1478 was able to prevent TCDD-, EGF-, and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)-dependent cell recovery and inhibition of apoptosis. RTKI cpd 51-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 11309286-5 2001 In addition, TCDD was able to mimic the EGF and TGF-alpha signaling as demonstrated by increasing Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 phosphorylation. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 11309286-6 2001 These effects were dependent on EGFR activity because AG1478, but not AG825, was able to prevent EGF-, TGF-alpha, or TCDD-mediated Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2 phosphorylation. RTKI cpd 54-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-112 11309286-7 2001 The ability of TCDD to stimulate the EGFR pathway and inhibit apoptosis may be due to the ability of TCDD to increase expression of TGF-alpha, a ligand for EGFR. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 15-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 11309286-7 2001 The ability of TCDD to stimulate the EGFR pathway and inhibit apoptosis may be due to the ability of TCDD to increase expression of TGF-alpha, a ligand for EGFR. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 101-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 21-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-45 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 21-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 21-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 127-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-45 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 127-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 11309286-8 2001 Treatment with 10 nM TCDD increased TGF-alpha mRNA at 2 h and TGF-alpha protein at 6 h. These data suggest a mechanism whereby TCDD is able to inhibit apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by stimulating TGF-alpha production, resulting in an autocrine effect. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 127-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 11325832-1 2001 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an agonist at a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) target gene in situ in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells stably transfected with wild-type human ERalpha. hydroxytamoxifen 0-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 11325832-1 2001 4-Hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is an agonist at a transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) target gene in situ in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells stably transfected with wild-type human ERalpha. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 20-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 11255078-4 2001 ABX-EGF binds EGFr with high affinity (5x10(-11) M), blocks the binding of both EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) to various EGFr-expressing human carcinoma cell lines, and inhibits EGF-dependent tumor cell activation, including EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation, increased extracellular acidification rate, and cell proliferation. Tyrosine 253-261 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 11178955-5 2001 In contrast, BIBX1382BS was more potent at inhibiting signaling induced by TGF-alpha than that induced by neuregulin1-beta1 or anti-ErbB2 agonist antibodies. BIBX 1382BS 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-84 11267936-5 2001 Upon differentiation-induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in TTC549, showing an expression of TGF-alpha but not EGF initially, de novo expression of EGF mRNA appeared abruptly on day 2 of TPA treatment. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 36-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 11267936-5 2001 Upon differentiation-induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in TTC549, showing an expression of TGF-alpha but not EGF initially, de novo expression of EGF mRNA appeared abruptly on day 2 of TPA treatment. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 74-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 11267936-5 2001 Upon differentiation-induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), in TTC549, showing an expression of TGF-alpha but not EGF initially, de novo expression of EGF mRNA appeared abruptly on day 2 of TPA treatment. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 210-213 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 11171960-8 2001 A TGF-alpha-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blocked TGF-alpha production in VHL(-/-) RCC cells, which led to the dependence of those cells on exogenous growth factors to sustain growth in culture. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 31-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 2-11 11171960-8 2001 A TGF-alpha-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide blocked TGF-alpha production in VHL(-/-) RCC cells, which led to the dependence of those cells on exogenous growth factors to sustain growth in culture. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 31-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 11013356-11 2000 Incubation of GSH-depleted cells with TGF-alpha did not stimulate cell growth. Glutathione 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 11171064-5 2001 By exchanging small peptide sequences of gp130 for cleavage-site peptides of TNF-alpha, TGF-alpha and IL-6R we showed that these short sequences conferred susceptibility to spontaneous and phorbol-ester-induced shedding of gp130. Phorbol Esters 189-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 11159857-10 2001 GW7604 inhibited both estradiol (10(-9) M) and 4-OHT (10(-8), 10(-7) M) induction of TGFalpha in a concentration related manner (10(-9)-10(-6) M). GW 7604 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 11159857-10 2001 GW7604 inhibited both estradiol (10(-9) M) and 4-OHT (10(-8), 10(-7) M) induction of TGFalpha in a concentration related manner (10(-9)-10(-6) M). Estradiol 22-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 11159857-10 2001 GW7604 inhibited both estradiol (10(-9) M) and 4-OHT (10(-8), 10(-7) M) induction of TGFalpha in a concentration related manner (10(-9)-10(-6) M). 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 47-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 11159857-11 2001 GW7604 and raloxifene stimulated TGFalpha with the D351Y ER. GW 7604 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 11159857-11 2001 GW7604 and raloxifene stimulated TGFalpha with the D351Y ER. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 11-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 11159857-12 2001 In contrast, ICI 182,780 (10(-6) M) did not initiate TGFalpha and blocked the induction of TGFalpha with GW7604, raloxifene, and 4-OHT in D351Y-transfected cells. GW 7604 105-111 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 11159857-12 2001 In contrast, ICI 182,780 (10(-6) M) did not initiate TGFalpha and blocked the induction of TGFalpha with GW7604, raloxifene, and 4-OHT in D351Y-transfected cells. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 113-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 11121069-5 2000 In behavioral experiments, there was a significant reduction of apomorphine-induced rotations in animals receiving the TGFalpha infusions. Apomorphine 64-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-127 11127817-2 2000 We have synthesized novel, antisense mixed backbone oligonucleotides (AS MBOs) directed against TGFalpha, AR and CR. Oligonucleotides 52-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 11092985-6 2000 5-FU sensitivity of tumor cells increased in the presence of EGF or TGF-alpha. Fluorouracil 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 11092985-8 2000 The tumor environmental factors, EGF and TGF-alpha, may act as intrinsic regulators of DPD and PyNPase activities that affect the 5-FU sensitivity of individual tumors. Fluorouracil 130-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 11778757-1 2001 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) complementary to mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and its target, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are efficacious against human prostate and breast cancers carried in athymic nude mice. Oligonucleotides 10-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 11778757-1 2001 Antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) complementary to mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and its target, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), are efficacious against human prostate and breast cancers carried in athymic nude mice. Oligonucleotides 28-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-110 10833433-4 2000 Transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are examples of the genes up-regulated posttranscriptionally by TCDD by mRNA stabilization. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 150-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-38 10997685-8 2000 In similar experiments, involvement of the hexosamine pathway in hyperglycemia-induced production of cytokines (TGF-alpha and basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF]) was demonstrated in vascular smooth muscle cells. Hexosamines 43-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 10942601-5 2000 Western blot analysis revealed expression of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGFR) in all carcinoma cell lines; in tumor cells with elevated levels of TGF-alpha mRNA there was a constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFRs. Tyrosine 198-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 158-167 10952922-7 2000 The TGFalpha and EGFR transcripts were detected in both fresh and cultured OSE and stromal cells by a sensitive quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) assay. serine O-sulfate 75-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 10952922-10 2000 Both the ICC and QRT-PCR indicate that normal OSE express high levels of TGFalpha in vivo and in vitro. serine O-sulfate 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 10973923-4 2000 We find that the mitogenic growth factors PDGF-BB, FGF-2, and TGF-alpha (an EGF receptor ligand) are able to rapidly (within 5 min) induce the generation of intracellular O(2)(.-) without detectable NADH oxidase activity or extracellular H(2)O(2) release. o(2) 171-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 10973923-4 2000 We find that the mitogenic growth factors PDGF-BB, FGF-2, and TGF-alpha (an EGF receptor ligand) are able to rapidly (within 5 min) induce the generation of intracellular O(2)(.-) without detectable NADH oxidase activity or extracellular H(2)O(2) release. Hydrogen Peroxide 238-246 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 10973254-7 2000 Members of the TGF-beta superfamily transduce signals by binding to heteromeric complexes of type I and II receptors, which activates serine/threonine kinases, leading to transcriptional regulation by phosphorylated Smads. Serine 134-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 10722725-6 2000 The increase of c-Met phosphorylation by TGFalpha in A431 cells was inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against TGFalpha and/or EGFR and by the EGFR-specific inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478. Tyrphostins 169-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 10873074-2 2000 We have previously demonstrated that RA down-modulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by decreasing the transcription rate of these two genes. Radium 37-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-93 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. Quercetin 31-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. kaempferol 42-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. Genistein 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. Resveratrol 65-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. resorcinol 81-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10783318-7 2000 Chemopreventive agents such as quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, resveratrol and resorcinol, all having a common resorcin moiety, were found to effectively suppress the COX-2 promoter activity with and without TGFalpha-stimulation in DLD-1 cells. resorcinol 81-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 210-218 10775732-10 2000 Benign endometrium from tamoxifen-treated patients also expressed transforming growth factor-alpha, tumor necrosis factor receptor-II, lactoferrin, and adrenomedullin at levels comparable with those found in proliferative endometrial specimens. Tamoxifen 24-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-133 10773880-8 2000 In addition, the tethered TGFalpha was resistant to the ability of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) to reduce EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, also contributing to higher activation of EGFR. Tyrosine 75-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 10828826-1 2000 17beta-Estradiol (E2) induces transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) gene expression in MCF-7 cells and previous studies have identified a 53 bp (-252 to -200) sequence containing two imperfect estrogen responsive elements (EREs) that contribute to E2 responsiveness. Estradiol 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 10828826-1 2000 17beta-Estradiol (E2) induces transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) gene expression in MCF-7 cells and previous studies have identified a 53 bp (-252 to -200) sequence containing two imperfect estrogen responsive elements (EREs) that contribute to E2 responsiveness. Estradiol 18-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 10640773-6 2000 In contrast, the EGFR ligand, TGF-alpha, increased EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, activation of p44/42mapk, and subsequent MUC5AC synthesis, but these effects were not inhibited by antioxidants. Tyrosine 56-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 10811499-3 2000 The antiproliferative effects of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-Oligos) directed against either AR, CR or TGFalpha was evaluated by using a clonogenic assay. phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides 43-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 10681561-12 2000 The mRNA expression profile resulting from induction of differentiation with high calcium and fetal calf serum revealed the differential expression of epiregulin, HB-EGF, amphiregulin, and TGF-alpha in keratinocytes. Calcium 82-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 189-198 10653982-3 2000 We show that increased activity of several metalloproteases on the HeLa cell surface occurs after stresses due to UVC, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and cisplatinum, which induce the release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) and other bioactive molecules. Dactinomycin 119-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-236 10653982-3 2000 We show that increased activity of several metalloproteases on the HeLa cell surface occurs after stresses due to UVC, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and cisplatinum, which induce the release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) and other bioactive molecules. Cycloheximide 134-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-236 10653982-3 2000 We show that increased activity of several metalloproteases on the HeLa cell surface occurs after stresses due to UVC, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, and cisplatinum, which induce the release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) and other bioactive molecules. Cisplatin 153-164 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-236 10600765-6 1999 Pretreatment of HCT-116 and Caco-2 cell lines with supplemental folic acid (1.25 microg/ml) completely abrogated transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-induced proliferation in both cell lines. Folic Acid 64-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-156 10600765-8 1999 The folic acid-induced inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity in colon cancer cell lines was also associated with a concomitant reduction in the relative concentration of the 14-kDa membrane-bound precursor form of TGF-alpha. Folic Acid 4-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 220-229 10565827-1 1999 Exposure of intestinal mucosa to ethanol (EtOH) disrupts barrier function and growth factors [epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)] are protective, but the mechanisms remain obscure. Ethanol 33-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-171 10565827-8 1999 In monolayers exposed to EtOH, pretreatment with EGF or TGF-alpha prevented the oxidation and nitration of tubulin, increases in the levels of the unstable S1 tubulin, disruption of microtubules, and barrier dysfunction. Ethanol 25-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 10565827-9 1999 A microtubule stabilizer (paclitaxel,Taxol) mimicked, in part, the effects of EGF and TGF-alpha, whereas a microtubule disruptive drug (colchicine) prevented the protective effects of these growth factors. Paclitaxel 26-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 10565827-9 1999 A microtubule stabilizer (paclitaxel,Taxol) mimicked, in part, the effects of EGF and TGF-alpha, whereas a microtubule disruptive drug (colchicine) prevented the protective effects of these growth factors. Paclitaxel 37-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 10565827-11 1999 Protection by EGF and TGF-alpha involves the prevention of these EtOH-induced alterations in microtubules. Ethanol 65-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 10657522-6 1999 However, because H-89, a PKA inhibitor, did not inhibit the proliferative potential of VIP, its mitogenicity is not medicated through VIP(1)R. One nM VIP produced the TGF-alpha protein which is a strong mitogen of keratinocytes and increased in the psoriatic lesion 2.25 times more compared with the control. N-(2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide 17-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-176 10548517-3 1999 EGF stimulation increased transcription of TGF-alpha, AR, and HB-EGF by 3- to 4-fold within 1 to 2 h. However, AR and HB-EGF mRNA levels peaked at 2 h and then rapidly declined, whereas TGF-alpha transcripts remained elevated for at least 6 h. Actinomycin D decay experiments yielded the rank order of transcript stability TGF-alpha > AR > HB-EGF. Dactinomycin 244-257 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-52 10508495-6 1999 Inhibition of ErbB-2 kinase activity by tyrphostin AG825 prevented the constitutive activation of STAT 3 in the TGF-alpha-producing, ErbB-1 expressing cell line. Tyrphostins 40-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 10508495-6 1999 Inhibition of ErbB-2 kinase activity by tyrphostin AG825 prevented the constitutive activation of STAT 3 in the TGF-alpha-producing, ErbB-1 expressing cell line. tyrphostin AG825 51-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 10527633-7 1999 TGF-alpha was the most efficient ligand in promoting incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the DNA. Tritiated thymidine 70-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 10449674-0 1999 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) expression in dysplastic oral leukoplakia: modulation by 13-cis retinoic acid. Isotretinoin 102-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 10506169-6 1999 Deletion and mutation analysis indicates the importance of the proximal cAMP-response element/ATF site in the transcriptional control of this gene by TGFalpha. Cyclic AMP 72-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 150-158 10516147-6 1999 PAF-R expression by human colon epithelial cells was upregulated by stimulation with retinoic acid but not by stimulation with PAF, proinflammatory agonists (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, interferon-gamma), or transforming growth factor-alpha. Platelet Activating Factor 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 202-256 10523832-6 1999 Their protein products were cleaved as efficiently as wt TGF-alpha in response to the calcium ionophore A23187. Calcium 86-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 10523832-6 1999 Their protein products were cleaved as efficiently as wt TGF-alpha in response to the calcium ionophore A23187. Calcimycin 104-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 10459631-9 1999 Serum TGF-alpha levels exhibited a significant positive correlation with total bilirubin, ICGR15 and Pugh score (p<0.01, p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), and increased in parallel with severity of disease according to Child classification. Bilirubin 79-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 10668644-1 1999 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) contributes to the progression of mammary carcinogenesis in part through synergistic augmentation of estradiol (E2) action. Estradiol 146-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 10199815-0 1999 TGF-alpha reduces bradykinin-stimulated ion transport and prostaglandin release in human colonic epithelial cells. Prostaglandins 58-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 10404636-2 1999 Upon activation by at least five genetically distinct ligands (including EGF, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF)), the intrinsic kinase is activated and EGFR tyrosyl-phosphorylates itself and numerous intermediary effector molecules, including closely-related c-erbB receptor family members. cyclo(tyrosyl-tyrosyl) 201-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 10388532-6 1999 Basal migration and the motogenic effects of short chain fatty acids and hepatocyte growth factor were mediated through enhanced binding of TGF-alpha to EGF-R, while trefoil peptide-mediated motogenesis required EGF-R activation independently of TGF-alpha binding. Fatty Acids, Volatile 45-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 10388532-6 1999 Basal migration and the motogenic effects of short chain fatty acids and hepatocyte growth factor were mediated through enhanced binding of TGF-alpha to EGF-R, while trefoil peptide-mediated motogenesis required EGF-R activation independently of TGF-alpha binding. Fatty Acids, Volatile 45-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 246-255 10348828-1 1999 BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to identify signaling pathways that mediate cell proliferation in response to a Ras-activating growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, in two pancreatic cancer cell lines with constitutively active Ki-Ras, MiaPaCa-2, and Panc-1. Adenosine Monophosphate 12-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 187-197 10199815-1 1999 The effect of chronic exposure to transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) on bradykinin-stimulated acute prostanoid production and ion secretion in monolayers of HCA-7 colony 29 colonic epithelial cells has been studied. Prostaglandins 110-120 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 10199815-6 1999 When monolayers were primed by a 24-h exposure to TGF-alpha, basal PGE2 release rose to 6.31 +/- 0.38 pg. Dinoprostone 67-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 10199815-9 1999 However, the stimulation of acute prostaglandin release, intracellular cAMP, and increased SCC by bradykinin was significantly reduced by preincubation with TGF-alpha. Prostaglandins 34-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 10199815-9 1999 However, the stimulation of acute prostaglandin release, intracellular cAMP, and increased SCC by bradykinin was significantly reduced by preincubation with TGF-alpha. Cyclic AMP 71-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 10199815-10 1999 Priming with PGE2 (10(-8)-10(-6) M) over 24 h mimicked the effect of TGF-alpha on bradykinin-induced changes in cAMP and SCC. Dinoprostone 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 10199815-10 1999 Priming with PGE2 (10(-8)-10(-6) M) over 24 h mimicked the effect of TGF-alpha on bradykinin-induced changes in cAMP and SCC. Cyclic AMP 112-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 10199815-11 1999 These data suggest that enhanced chronic release of prostaglandins in response to stimulation with TGF-alpha may downregulate acute responses to bradykinin. Prostaglandins 52-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-108 10024677-4 1999 Addition of exogenous TGF-alpha, EGF, AR, or HB-EGF with heparin accelerated cell proliferation. Heparin 57-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 10092305-8 1999 The role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the regulation of HGL expression was highlighted by the use of MAP kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor PD98059, which blunted both the activation of p42/p44(mapk) and the down-regulation of HGL mRNA induced by EGF and/or TGF-alpha. 2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 155-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 273-282 10098742-0 1999 Inhibition of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha)-mediated growth effects in ovarian cancer cell lines by a tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZM 252868. ZM 252868 143-152 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 10098742-3 1999 TGF-alpha inhibition of PE01CDDP growth was reversed by concentrations > or =0.1 microM ZM 252868. pe01cddp 24-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 10098742-4 1999 TGF-alpha-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of both the EGF receptor and c-erbB2 receptor in all four cell lines. Tyrosine 21-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 10098742-5 1999 The inhibitor ZM 252868, at concentrations > or =0.3 microM, completely inhibited TGF-alpha-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and reduced phosphorylation of the c-erbB2 protein. ZM 252868 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 10098742-5 1999 The inhibitor ZM 252868, at concentrations > or =0.3 microM, completely inhibited TGF-alpha-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and reduced phosphorylation of the c-erbB2 protein. Tyrosine 106-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 10207634-3 1999 This study was designed to determine whether treatment with 81 mg of aspirin per day for 3 months would alter two putative surrogate end point biomarkers of chemoprevention of colorectal cancer [i.e., mucosal prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) expression] in normal-appearing rectal mucosa from individuals with a history of adenomatous polyps. Aspirin 69-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 281-290 10207634-6 1999 The extent of TGF-alpha staining in rectal crypts was also reduced significantly (P = 0.039) by daily aspirin. Aspirin 102-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 10207634-8 1999 Thus, 81 mg of aspirin daily significantly reduced rectal mucosal PGE2 formation and TGF-alpha expression in patients with a history of adenomatous polyps. Aspirin 15-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 10082132-7 1999 These findings indicate that constitutive secretion of pH-labile TGFalpha may perpetuate EGFR signalling by permitting early oligomer dissociation and dephosphorylation within acidic endosomes, thereby extinguishing a phosphotyrosine-based downregulation signal and creating an irreversible autocrine growth loop. Phosphotyrosine 218-233 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-73 10096554-2 1999 The E7.6.3 MAb exhibits high affinity (KD = 5 x 10(-11) M) to the receptor, blocks completely the binding of both EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-a) to various EGFr-expressing human carcinoma cell lines, and abolishes EGF-dependent cell activation, including EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation, increased extracellular acidification rate, and cell proliferation. Tyrosine 278-286 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-161 10024677-2 1999 TGF-alpha secretion into culture supernatants became measurable when TPA 0.5 microM was added. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 69-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 12569632-3 1999 G418 resistant colonies were isolated and identified as PC-7/AS-TGF alpha/AS-EGFR. antibiotic G 418 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 9935161-3 1999 Anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-oligos) directed against either CR or TGF-alpha inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines. phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides 11-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 9935161-3 1999 Anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-oligos) directed against either CR or TGF-alpha inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines. Arsenic 51-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 9935161-3 1999 Anti-sense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides (AS S-oligos) directed against either CR or TGF-alpha inhibit the proliferation of both cell lines. s-oligos 54-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 10370022-9 1999 In-situ hybridization was performed using a digoxigenin-labelled, TGF-alpha-specific oligonucleotide probe. Oligonucleotides 85-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 10667230-8 1999 Suramin inhibited the anchorage-independent growth induced by IGF-1 or TGF alpha only at an IC50 of 100 micrograms/ml. Suramin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 10081495-5 1998 EGF and TGF-alpha up-regulated thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) expression of tumor cells and consequently enhanced the antiproliferative action of 5"-dFUrd, which is converted to 5-fluorouracil by dThdPase. doxifluridine 150-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 10081495-5 1998 EGF and TGF-alpha up-regulated thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase) expression of tumor cells and consequently enhanced the antiproliferative action of 5"-dFUrd, which is converted to 5-fluorouracil by dThdPase. Fluorouracil 182-196 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 10081495-8 1998 These results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha simultaneously up-regulate the potential of ovarian adenocarcinoma cells to invade extracellular matrices and their dThdPase expression, both of which are associated with the specific action of 5"-dFUrd selectively to kill tumor cells with high invasive and metastatic potential. doxifluridine 239-247 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 9765263-7 1998 NMR solution structural calculations on this molecule demonstrate correct formation of the three disulfide bonds of TGF-alpha 8-50 and have established the presence of native secondary structure in the B and C loops of the protein. Disulfides 97-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 9813060-3 1998 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was ectopically expressed by stable transfection of a TGF-alpha cDNA under repressible tetracycline control. Tetracycline 132-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 9813060-9 1998 The administration of tetracycline reversed the effects of TGF-alpha expression in these cells both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that the alterations of the biological properties were due to the expression of TGF-alpha. Tetracycline 22-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9813060-9 1998 The administration of tetracycline reversed the effects of TGF-alpha expression in these cells both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that the alterations of the biological properties were due to the expression of TGF-alpha. Tetracycline 22-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-222 9767281-5 1998 Only dimethylfumarate (DMF) diminished IL-6 and TGF-alpha secretion in the psoriatic cocultures. Dimethyl Fumarate 5-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 9767281-5 1998 Only dimethylfumarate (DMF) diminished IL-6 and TGF-alpha secretion in the psoriatic cocultures. Dimethyl Fumarate 23-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 9767281-7 1998 DMF suppresses EGF-induced TGF-alpha mRNA induction in psoriatic keratinocytes. Dimethyl Fumarate 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 9688665-6 1998 In contrast, all polyamines increased both basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated DNA synthesis as well as ODC activity in tumor ECL cells. Polyamines 17-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-62 9683588-5 1998 Previously reported LD for TGFA with both CL/P and CPO could not be confirmed, except in CL/P patients with a positive family history. Phosphorus 0-1 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-31 9683588-5 1998 Previously reported LD for TGFA with both CL/P and CPO could not be confirmed, except in CL/P patients with a positive family history. cpo 51-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-31 9716460-2 1998 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) and EGF both induced tyrosine phosphorylation, induction of p21/CIP1, and thereby inhibition of DNA synthesis. Tyrosine 65-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 9716460-6 1998 When surface-bound TGFalpha was removed by acid stripping and endosomal pH was neutralized with bafilomycin A1, TGFalpha stimulated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, induced p21/CIP1, and inhibited DNA synthesis. bafilomycin 96-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 9716460-6 1998 When surface-bound TGFalpha was removed by acid stripping and endosomal pH was neutralized with bafilomycin A1, TGFalpha stimulated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, induced p21/CIP1, and inhibited DNA synthesis. bafilomycin 96-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 9716460-6 1998 When surface-bound TGFalpha was removed by acid stripping and endosomal pH was neutralized with bafilomycin A1, TGFalpha stimulated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, induced p21/CIP1, and inhibited DNA synthesis. Tyrosine 137-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 9716460-6 1998 When surface-bound TGFalpha was removed by acid stripping and endosomal pH was neutralized with bafilomycin A1, TGFalpha stimulated EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation, induced p21/CIP1, and inhibited DNA synthesis. Tyrosine 137-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 9688665-7 1998 DFMO completely inhibited the proliferative response of TGF-alpha (IC50, 3 pM). Eflornithine 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-65 9699644-3 1998 Exposure to PEdelta53L/TGF-alpha/KDEL decreases the apoptotic threshold through protein synthesis inhibition and simultaneous production of ceramide in tumor cells that lack functional p53 protein. Ceramides 140-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 9664130-5 1998 We found that both the anti-EGFR mAbs and the TK inhibitor produce similar biological changes namely, they inhibit the EGF and TGFa-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor and the growth in culture of HN5 cells. Tyrosine 140-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-131 10920998-0 1998 [Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of TGF alpha inhibits its gene expression and proliferation of a human glioma cell line]. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 11-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 9581827-7 1998 In this report, we compared and contrasted the pharmacology of raloxifene to block or induce E2-stimulated increase in TGF-alpha mRNA in stable transfectants of ER-negative human breast cancer cells with the cDNAs from wild-type, mutant-amino acid (AA) 400 ER and mutant-AA 351 ER. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 63-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 9667651-2 1998 The purpose of the present report was to examine regulation of TGF-alpha gene expression by oestradiol (E2) and antioestrogens in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells transfected with either the wild-type or mutant oestrogen receptor (ER). Estradiol 92-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 9667651-4 1998 We now report that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) shows oestrogen-like effects on the induction of TGF-alpha gene expression in our transfectants. hydroxytamoxifen 19-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 9667651-4 1998 We now report that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) shows oestrogen-like effects on the induction of TGF-alpha gene expression in our transfectants. 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 39-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 9722176-7 1998 Activation of EGF receptors by TGFalpha, and/or the erbB2/erbB4 receptor complex by NRG, leads to glial release of prostaglandin (PG) E2, which then acts directly on LHRH neurons to stimulate LHRH release. Dinoprostone 115-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 9673393-6 1998 Vitamin D3 analogs (10 nM) significantly counteracted the growth stimulation induced by TGF-a and IGF-I as well as the paracrine stimulation observed in co-cultures. Cholecalciferol 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-93 10920998-1 1998 OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide(ON) of TGF alpha on its gene expression in TJ 905 cell line. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 44-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 9466051-6 1998 In fact, antisense (AS) retroviral expression vectors or AS oligonucleotides directed against TGF-alpha, AR, or CR are able to inhibit growth and transformation of several human colon carcinoma cell lines. Oligonucleotides 60-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 9602986-5 1998 At the ulcer site, however, there was a significant increase in TGF-alpha levels in the whole group (from 16.4 to 33 pg/mg protein (medians); P < 0.005), and an increasing trend was seen in both treatment groups but was statistically significantly only in the group treated with sucralfate (P < 0.03). Sucralfate 282-292 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 9538942-2 1998 TCDD has also been shown to modulate cytokine gene expression in human keratinocytes, including IL-1 beta, TGF-alpha and TFG-beta 2. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 9443397-9 1998 However, actinomycin D experiments revealed a long TGF-alpha mRNA half-life in 786-0 cells that was significantly decreased by wild-type VHL but not by deltaVHL. Dactinomycin 9-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 10374398-2 1998 METHODS: A recombinant retroviral vector expressing antisense TGF alpha was constructed, and transfected the ecotropic packaging cell line psi-2 with lipofectin. 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 150-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 10374398-7 1998 The high levels of growth inhibition and reduction of 3H-TdR incorporation in PC-7/AS-TGF alpha were evident. Tritium 54-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 9513046-0 1998 Downmodulation of TGF-alpha protein expression with antisense oligonucleotides inhibits proliferation of head and neck squamous carcinoma but not normal mucosal epithelial cells. Oligonucleotides 62-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 9513046-5 1998 Treatment of 6 SCCHN cell lines with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the translation start site of human TGF-alpha mRNA decreased TGF-alpha protein production by up to 93% and reduced cell proliferation by a mean of 76.2% compared to a 9.7% reduction with sense oligonucleotide (range P = 0.036-0.0001). Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 47-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 9513046-5 1998 Treatment of 6 SCCHN cell lines with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the translation start site of human TGF-alpha mRNA decreased TGF-alpha protein production by up to 93% and reduced cell proliferation by a mean of 76.2% compared to a 9.7% reduction with sense oligonucleotide (range P = 0.036-0.0001). Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 47-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 9513046-5 1998 Treatment of 6 SCCHN cell lines with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting the translation start site of human TGF-alpha mRNA decreased TGF-alpha protein production by up to 93% and reduced cell proliferation by a mean of 76.2% compared to a 9.7% reduction with sense oligonucleotide (range P = 0.036-0.0001). Oligonucleotides 272-287 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 9513046-6 1998 TGF-alpha antisense oligonucleotide exposure also decreased TGF-alpha protein levels in normal oropharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells, however their growth rate was not affected. Oligonucleotides 20-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9513046-6 1998 TGF-alpha antisense oligonucleotide exposure also decreased TGF-alpha protein levels in normal oropharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells, however their growth rate was not affected. Oligonucleotides 20-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 9566718-1 1998 We have shown that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) has estrogen-like effects on induction of TGFalpha mRNA in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, transfected with either wildtype (S30 cells) or a codon 351asp-->tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). hydroxytamoxifen 19-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 9566718-1 1998 We have shown that 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) has estrogen-like effects on induction of TGFalpha mRNA in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, transfected with either wildtype (S30 cells) or a codon 351asp-->tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). 4,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androstene-3-one 39-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 9475289-9 1998 With other treatments, MGAT and DGAT activities increased <2.5-fold from 6 to 72 h. This study shows that intestinal MGAT and DGAT activities decrease after ischemic damage, yet recover rapidly in bowel exposed to Gln and/or TGF-alpha. Glutamine 217-220 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 228-237 14518286-6 1998 Our data clearly demonstrate that hepatocellular growth factors such as EGF and TGF alpha can increase the GSH contents and the NOx production. Glutathione 107-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 9457467-7 1998 In H441 cells, addition of TGF-alpha resulted in phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and increased cell number and tritiated thymidine incorporation. Tritiated thymidine 115-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 14518286-6 1998 Our data clearly demonstrate that hepatocellular growth factors such as EGF and TGF alpha can increase the GSH contents and the NOx production. nicotine 1-N-oxide 128-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 9415810-2 1997 The role of c-myc in TGF alpha-stimulated growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 cells was examined by the use of the synthetic antisense-myc phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (OPT). myc phosphorothioate 121-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 9407973-1 1997 In the present investigation, we have transfected a human malignant glioma cell line, U-1242 MG, and derived clones that produce transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in an inducible manner using the tetracycline suppressible vector system. Tetracycline 207-219 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-172 9407973-3 1997 The functional activity of the induced protein was proven by the finding of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation on induction of TGF-alpha. Tyrosine 116-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 9416416-4 1997 TGF-alpha autocrine stimulation of DNA synthesis in SCC cell lines was assessed by incubation with TGF-alpha neutralizing antibodies and tyrphostin AG 1478, a selective and potent inhibitor of EGF-R kinase. RTKI cpd 137-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 21160545-4 1997 We observed that the principal benzene metabolites, represented by hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, phenol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and catechol, significantly alters the production of transforming growth factor of (TGF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. Benzene 31-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-221 21160545-4 1997 We observed that the principal benzene metabolites, represented by hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, phenol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and catechol, significantly alters the production of transforming growth factor of (TGF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. hydroquinone 67-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-221 21160545-4 1997 We observed that the principal benzene metabolites, represented by hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, phenol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and catechol, significantly alters the production of transforming growth factor of (TGF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. quinone 81-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-221 21160545-4 1997 We observed that the principal benzene metabolites, represented by hydroquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, phenol, 1,2,4-benzenetriol, and catechol, significantly alters the production of transforming growth factor of (TGF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-8 in human epidermal keratinocyte cultures. hydroxyhydroquinone 107-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-221 9314599-1 1997 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme involved in the release of arachidonic acid and subsequent production of prostaglandins (PGs), which play important roles in regulating ovarian function, including mitogenic signalling by transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha. Arachidonic Acid 67-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 256-266 9314599-1 1997 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme involved in the release of arachidonic acid and subsequent production of prostaglandins (PGs), which play important roles in regulating ovarian function, including mitogenic signalling by transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha. Prostaglandins 113-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 256-266 9314599-1 1997 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme involved in the release of arachidonic acid and subsequent production of prostaglandins (PGs), which play important roles in regulating ovarian function, including mitogenic signalling by transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha. Prostaglandins 129-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 256-266 9314599-10 1997 We propose that the activation by TGF alpha and suppression by TGF beta of cPLA2 may be important regulatory mechanisms in the control of granulosa cell PG production and thereby the mitogenic response of the cells to the growth factors during ovarian follicular development. Prostaglandins 153-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 9399568-1 1997 TGF-alpha, a 50 amino acid growth factor containing 3 disulfide bonds, was fused to the N-terminal domain of the pIII protein of fusN, a derivative of phagemid fd-tet, to form a TGF-alpha phage. Disulfides 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9399568-1 1997 TGF-alpha, a 50 amino acid growth factor containing 3 disulfide bonds, was fused to the N-terminal domain of the pIII protein of fusN, a derivative of phagemid fd-tet, to form a TGF-alpha phage. fusn 129-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9399568-1 1997 TGF-alpha, a 50 amino acid growth factor containing 3 disulfide bonds, was fused to the N-terminal domain of the pIII protein of fusN, a derivative of phagemid fd-tet, to form a TGF-alpha phage. fusn 129-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-187 9399568-1 1997 TGF-alpha, a 50 amino acid growth factor containing 3 disulfide bonds, was fused to the N-terminal domain of the pIII protein of fusN, a derivative of phagemid fd-tet, to form a TGF-alpha phage. tetramethylenedisulfotetramine 163-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9393980-2 1997 Here we use both an ErbB2 phosphoantibody (aPY1222) and an activation-specific EGFR antibody to show that low concentrations of EGF induce more efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 in A431 cells than does equimolar TGFalpha, while EGFR is more potently activated by TGFalpha. Tyrosine 154-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 222-230 9393980-2 1997 Here we use both an ErbB2 phosphoantibody (aPY1222) and an activation-specific EGFR antibody to show that low concentrations of EGF induce more efficient tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 in A431 cells than does equimolar TGFalpha, while EGFR is more potently activated by TGFalpha. Tyrosine 154-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 273-281 9393980-5 1997 These findings indicate that EGF and TGFalpha differ in their abilities to induce tyrosine phosphorylation and heterodimerization of ErbB2, and raise the possibility that ErbB2 exerts its oncogenic effect in part by impairing TGFalpha-dependent EGFR downregulation. Tyrosine 82-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 9285829-2 1997 Previous studies indicated that phorbol ester-induced cleavage of pro TGF alpha in CHO cells is dependent on the presence of a valine residue located at the carboxyl terminus of the precursor"s cytoplasmic domain. Phorbol Esters 32-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 9468034-5 1997 62, 194, 1996) our experience in treating nude mice bearing human PC-3 prostate tumors with phosphorothioated antisense oligos directed against mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). phosphorothioated 92-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 192-201 9264277-6 1997 There was a significant decrease in the fraction of the rectal crypt cells that stained for TGF-alpha in six of seven of the patients given the cellulose supplements but in only one of six of the patients not given cellulose. Cellulose 144-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 9264277-7 1997 Thus, whether evaluated as a group or in individual patients, there was a significant decrease in TGF-alpha in rectal crypts due to cellulose intervention, which correlated with the expected ability of supplemental dietary cellulose to decrease the risk for colon cancer. Cellulose 132-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 9264277-7 1997 Thus, whether evaluated as a group or in individual patients, there was a significant decrease in TGF-alpha in rectal crypts due to cellulose intervention, which correlated with the expected ability of supplemental dietary cellulose to decrease the risk for colon cancer. Cellulose 223-232 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-107 9378537-0 1997 Stimulatory effects of EGF and TGF-alpha on invasive activity and 5"-deoxy-5-fluorouridine sensitivity in uterine cervical-carcinoma SKG-IIIb cells. doxifluridine 66-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 9378537-6 1997 These results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha, tumor environmental factors, simultaneously up-regulate the potential of uterine cervical-carcinoma cells to invade extracellular matrices and their PyNPase activity, which are subsequently associated with the specific action of 5"-dFUrd selectively killing tumor cells of gynecological origin with high invasive and metastatic potential. doxifluridine 275-283 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 9322223-7 1997 The actions of TGF alpha and NDF on hypothalamic astrocytes involve the interactive activation of their cognate receptors and the synergistic effect of both ligands in stimulating the glial release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 201-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 9322223-7 1997 The actions of TGF alpha and NDF on hypothalamic astrocytes involve the interactive activation of their cognate receptors and the synergistic effect of both ligands in stimulating the glial release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 219-223 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 9487010-3 1997 Specifically, TGF alpha induces glia to produce bioactive substances, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 78-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 9487010-3 1997 Specifically, TGF alpha induces glia to produce bioactive substances, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Dinoprostone 96-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 9285829-2 1997 Previous studies indicated that phorbol ester-induced cleavage of pro TGF alpha in CHO cells is dependent on the presence of a valine residue located at the carboxyl terminus of the precursor"s cytoplasmic domain. Valine 127-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 9263032-1 1997 To determine if transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) pretreatment protects hair cells from aminoglycoside induced injury by modifying their intracellular calcium concentration, we assayed hair cell calcium levels in organ of Corti explants both before and after aminoglycoside (i.e. neomycin, 10(-3) M) exposure either with or without growth factor pretreatment. Calcium 162-169 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 9263032-2 1997 After TGF alpha (500 ng/ml) treatment, the intracellular calcium level of hair cells showed a five-fold increase as compared to the levels observed in the hair cells of control cultures. Calcium 57-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 9263032-5 1997 This study correlates a rise in hair cell calcium levels with the otoprotection of hair cells by TGF alpha in organ of Corti explants. Calcium 42-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 9219559-8 1997 Consistent with that observed in human keratinocyte cultures, increases in GM-CSF and TGF-alpha mRNA transcripts were found within the epidermis of arsenic-treated mice when compared to controls within 6 weeks of treatment. Arsenic 148-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 9130070-3 1997 METHODS: The gene encoding TGF-alpha was analyzed by Northern blot hybridization in nonpregnant human endometria and decidua from 6 to 8 weeks of gestation as well as in cultured stromal cells with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 209-236 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 9163677-5 1997 In contrast, TCDD caused a rapid and sustained induction of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) gene expression and secreted protein (nearly 2-fold); moreover, the growth-inhibitory effects of TCDD could be blocked by antibodies to the EGF receptor. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 9163677-5 1997 In contrast, TCDD caused a rapid and sustained induction of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) gene expression and secreted protein (nearly 2-fold); moreover, the growth-inhibitory effects of TCDD could be blocked by antibodies to the EGF receptor. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 202-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-103 9163677-7 1997 The results of this study indicate that the mechanism of growth inhibition of MDA-MB-468 cells by TCDD is due to induction of TGF alpha, which is a potent antimitogen in this cell breast cancer line. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 98-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-135 9151138-5 1997 Since EGF and TGF-alpha exert their physiological actions by activating the intrinsic tyrosine kinase (Tyr-k) activity of their common receptor, the EGF-R, studies have been performed to assess the role of EGF-R Tyr-k in regulating mucosal reparative processes during aging. Tyrosine 103-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 9160733-9 1997 They support the concept that PA of the urokinase type plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodeling during TGF alpha-induced granulosa cell proliferation and ovarian follicular growth. Protactinium 30-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-130 9130070-6 1997 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the gene expression of TGF-alpha in uterine stromal cells is enhanced by stimulation from sex steroids and that TGF-alpha, like EGF, functions as one of the regulatory factors for decidualization in the human uterus. Steroids 134-142 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 9118703-7 1997 These concentrations of TGF-alpha in pulmonary edema fluid have potent in vivo and in vitro effects on alveolar epithelial sodium transport and alveolar epithelial cell motility. Sodium 123-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 9060603-5 1997 Ten TGF-alpha-positive tumors were positive for serotonin, seven for somatostatin, three for calcitonin, and one tumor each for gastrin, glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and growth hormone-releasing factor, respectively. Serotonin 48-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 9062364-8 1997 Heparin at the concentration that neutralized the function of amphiregulin, or antibodies against TGFalpha or HB-EGF also reduced the release of PGE2 from IFN-gamma-stimulated NHBECs. Dinoprostone 145-149 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 9232607-2 1997 For treating these recurrent androgen-independent tumors, following hormone treatment failure, a new tier of therapy based upon growth factor deprivation has been suggested, implemented by antisense oligonucleotides (oligos) directed against mRNA encoding a critical growth regulatory autocrine loop (comprised of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and its binding site, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Oligonucleotides 199-215 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 348-357 9219916-6 1997 In this report we describe the regulation of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA by estradiol and the antiestrogens keoxifene and ICI 182,780 in our stable transfectants of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which express either the wild-type (S30 cells) or codon 351 asp --> tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). Raloxifene Hydrochloride 130-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 9219916-6 1997 In this report we describe the regulation of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA by estradiol and the antiestrogens keoxifene and ICI 182,780 in our stable transfectants of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which express either the wild-type (S30 cells) or codon 351 asp --> tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). Aspartic Acid 291-294 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 9219916-6 1997 In this report we describe the regulation of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA by estradiol and the antiestrogens keoxifene and ICI 182,780 in our stable transfectants of ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which express either the wild-type (S30 cells) or codon 351 asp --> tyr mutant ER (BC-2 cells). Tyrosine 302-305 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 9112255-0 1997 Inhibitory action of reveromycin A on TGF-alpha-dependent growth of ovarian carcinoma BG-1 in vitro and in vivo. reveromycin A 21-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-47 8986534-10 1997 Increased TGF-alpha expression may also be related to ovarian tumor resistance to cisplatin chemotherapy. Cisplatin 82-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 9014347-0 1997 Cochliobolic acid, a novel metabolite produced by Cochliobolus lunatus, inhibits binding of TGF-alpha to the EGF receptor in a SPA assay. cochliobolic acid 0-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 9070230-0 1997 Characterization of a 15-lipoxygenase in human breast carcinoma BT-20 cells: stimulation of 13-HODE formation by TGF alpha/EGF. 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 92-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 9070230-3 1997 EGF and TGF alpha stimulated DNA synthesis in these cells which was attenuated by the addition of a lipoxygenase inhibitor, NDGA. Masoprocol 124-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 9070230-6 1997 The formation of 13-HODE was inhibited by the addition of NDGA and was dependent on EGF or TGF alpha. 13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid 17-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-100 9070230-7 1997 These results suggest the metabolism of linoleic acid by a n-6 or 15-lipoxygenase regulated by EGF/TGF alpha, RT-PCR was used to isolate a clone, and sequenced the cDNA for this enzyme and it was found to be identical to the human 15-lipoxygenase previously characterized from human pulmonary tissue. Linoleic Acid 40-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-108 9052515-13 1997 Aspirin significantly increased TGF-alpha levels in the gastric body and duodenum after one week. Aspirin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 9052515-14 1997 The rise in antral TGF-alpha appeared delayed and blunted by the aspirin treatment compared to control. Aspirin 65-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 9052515-22 1997 Further studies of mucosal levels of TGF-alpha in response to aspirin-induced injury in humans appear warranted. Aspirin 62-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 8980292-2 1997 Our results indicate that stimulation of HaCaT cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) within 16 h just prior to reaching confluence amplified the production of calcitriol when calcidiol (3H-25OHD3) was used as a substrate. Calcitriol 210-220 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 8980292-2 1997 Our results indicate that stimulation of HaCaT cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) within 16 h just prior to reaching confluence amplified the production of calcitriol when calcidiol (3H-25OHD3) was used as a substrate. Calcifediol 226-235 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 8980292-2 1997 Our results indicate that stimulation of HaCaT cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) within 16 h just prior to reaching confluence amplified the production of calcitriol when calcidiol (3H-25OHD3) was used as a substrate. Tritium 237-239 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 8980292-3 1997 EGF- and TGF-alpha-induced (0.1-10 nM) 1-hydroxylation of 3H-25OHD3 was concentration-dependent but showed different kinetics. Tritium 58-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 8980296-6 1997 TGF-alpha stimulation of S6 kinase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by rapamycin (IC50 < 0.2 nM) and the specific EGF receptor antagonist PD153035 (IC50 = 20 nM). Sirolimus 97-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8980296-6 1997 TGF-alpha stimulation of S6 kinase activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by rapamycin (IC50 < 0.2 nM) and the specific EGF receptor antagonist PD153035 (IC50 = 20 nM). 4-((3-bromophenyl)amino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline 167-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9112255-2 1997 In BG-1 cells, RM-A inhibited the cell proliferation induced by TGF-alpha at the concentration range 30-300 nM, but did not inhibit the proliferation induced by 17 beta-estradiol (E2).RM-A is a possible new antitumor drug with a novel mechanism of action and may also be a useful tool for the analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated cell proliferation in tumor cells. reveromycin A 15-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 8957727-4 1996 The basal rate of luminal TGF alpha release in controls was steady throughout the entire four perfusion periods with saline. Sodium Chloride 117-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 8980184-6 1996 In these clones, there was a marked attenuation in EGF- and TGF-alpha-mediated EGF-R tyrosine phosphorylation and c-fos induction. Tyrosine 85-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 8957727-9 1996 The decline in esophageal TGF alpha release during HCl and HCl/pepsin exposure may facilitate the development of mucosal damage. Hydrochloric Acid 51-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 8898635-10 1996 CONCLUSIONS: During low acid-induced hypergastrinemia, the expression of TGF-alpha and EGF receptor may constitute an autocrine regulatory mechanism in ECL cell tumor transformation. low acid 20-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 8939983-9 1996 The half-life of TGF-alpha mRNA is 40-60 min in antisense cells and more than 8 h in parental KB cells, as determined by actinomycin D decay curves. Dactinomycin 121-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 9014756-7 1996 Treatment with cycloheximide for longer periods produced increased transcripts of MMP1, TGF alpha and EGF-receptor, suggesting the activation of processes for tissue breakdown and subsequent repair may occur on prolonged inhibition of protein synthesis. Cycloheximide 15-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-114 8940028-1 1996 Anti-Mullerian hormone, a member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, produces early regression of Mullerian ducts in the male fetus through binding to a serine/threonine kinase receptor, homologous to type II receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family. Serine 169-175 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 275-283 8910478-1 1996 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is synthesized as a transmembrane protein with a highly conserved, short cytoplasmic domain that is rich in cysteines. Cysteine 153-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 8910478-6 1996 Replacement of these 2 cysteines by serines similarly reduced the association of p86 with transmembrane TGF-alpha. Cysteine 23-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-113 8910478-6 1996 Replacement of these 2 cysteines by serines similarly reduced the association of p86 with transmembrane TGF-alpha. Serine 36-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 104-113 8910478-8 1996 We therefore conclude that these cysteines play a critical role in the interaction of TGF-alpha with associated proteins and in the function of this protein complex. Cysteine 33-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 8910478-9 1996 The palmitoylation of these cysteines suggests a possibly dynamic role of fatty acid modification in the integrity and function of the transmembrane TGF-alpha complex. Cysteine 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 8910478-9 1996 The palmitoylation of these cysteines suggests a possibly dynamic role of fatty acid modification in the integrity and function of the transmembrane TGF-alpha complex. Fatty Acids 74-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 8977675-0 1996 Ethanol enhances the IFN-gamma, TGF-alpha and IL-6 secretion in psoriatic co-cultures. Ethanol 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 8977675-6 1996 TGF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels were elevated in the ethanol-treated psoriatic co-cultures, to 150% and 175% respectively, but neither in co-cultures with keratinocytes derived from healthy control individuals nor in monocultures. Ethanol 52-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8780543-8 1996 TGF-alpha increased the CA 125 and TPA secretion from SHIN-3 cell. Tissue Polypeptide Antigen 35-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9010319-4 1996 10(-6) M tamoxifen (TAM) reverted growth stimulation, suppressed progesterone receptor and TGFalpha mRNA induction and restored TGFbeta mRNA to control levels in T3-treated MCF-7 cells. Tamoxifen 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 9010319-4 1996 10(-6) M tamoxifen (TAM) reverted growth stimulation, suppressed progesterone receptor and TGFalpha mRNA induction and restored TGFbeta mRNA to control levels in T3-treated MCF-7 cells. Tamoxifen 20-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 8917704-5 1996 While a number of cytokine regulatory networks exist in the skin, studies utilizing neutralizing antibodies against the growth factors of interest indicate that inhibition of the arsenic-induced increase in TGF alpha results in a corresponding decrease in the gene expression and secretion of GM-CSF. Arsenic 179-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 207-216 8884530-4 1996 FK506 and CsA inhibit keratinocyte proliferation induced by EGF, TGF-alpha or IL-6. Tacrolimus 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-74 8884530-4 1996 FK506 and CsA inhibit keratinocyte proliferation induced by EGF, TGF-alpha or IL-6. Cyclosporine 10-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-74 8884530-6 1996 These findings might indicate that the effects of FK506 and CsA on proliferation of cultured normal human keratinocytes are probably related to direct effects on growth regulation of keratinocytes via EGF, TGF-alpha or IL-6 stimulation. Tacrolimus 50-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-215 8884530-6 1996 These findings might indicate that the effects of FK506 and CsA on proliferation of cultured normal human keratinocytes are probably related to direct effects on growth regulation of keratinocytes via EGF, TGF-alpha or IL-6 stimulation. Cyclosporine 60-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-215 8678876-2 1996 METHODS: The expression of TGF-alpha is examined in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 24) and non-neoplastic polyps (n = 7) using streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemistry and a monoclonal antibody to the TGF-alpha protein. Biotin 154-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 8692496-9 1996 Because of the regulatory action of growth factors in eicosanoid biosynthesis in uterine and fetoplacental tissues, EGF/TGF-alpha may indirectly influence the process of parturition by regulating eicosanoid production in the myometrium. Eicosanoids 54-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 8692496-9 1996 Because of the regulatory action of growth factors in eicosanoid biosynthesis in uterine and fetoplacental tissues, EGF/TGF-alpha may indirectly influence the process of parturition by regulating eicosanoid production in the myometrium. Eicosanoids 196-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 8768877-11 1996 These results combined with our previous demonstration of messenger ribonucleic acid for these growth factors suggest roles for TGF alpha, EGF, and EGF-R in human fetal ovarian development. messenger 58-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 8663078-3 1996 We found that blockage of GFAT activity or expression significantly blunted the glucose-induced increase of TGFalpha expression. Glucose 80-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 8663070-2 1996 To probe for ligand-specific interactions, we have synthesized analogues of TGFalpha with modifications to the residue lying between the fourth and fifth cysteines (the "hinge"). Cysteine 154-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 8663078-7 1996 These results indicate that the metabolism of glucose to glucosamine is necessary for the transcriptional stimulation of TGFalpha expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by glucose. Glucose 46-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 8663078-1 1996 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) gene transcription can be increased when arterial smooth muscle cells are exposed to supraphysiological concentrations of glucose, and this effect of glucose can be mimicked by glucosamine. Glucose 166-173 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 8663078-1 1996 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) gene transcription can be increased when arterial smooth muscle cells are exposed to supraphysiological concentrations of glucose, and this effect of glucose can be mimicked by glucosamine. Glucose 194-201 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 8663078-7 1996 These results indicate that the metabolism of glucose to glucosamine is necessary for the transcriptional stimulation of TGFalpha expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by glucose. Glucosamine 57-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 8663078-1 1996 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) gene transcription can be increased when arterial smooth muscle cells are exposed to supraphysiological concentrations of glucose, and this effect of glucose can be mimicked by glucosamine. Glucosamine 221-232 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 8663078-7 1996 These results indicate that the metabolism of glucose to glucosamine is necessary for the transcriptional stimulation of TGFalpha expression in vascular smooth muscle cells by glucose. Glucose 176-183 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 8909788-2 1996 To address these questions, we developed and applied a method for measuring lipogenesis using the uptake of deuterium from heavy water into triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) in humans. Deuterium 108-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-170 8818185-8 1996 In EGF- and TGF alpha-treated follicles, [3H]thymidine continued to be incorporated into DNA of the ORS and bulb after fibre growth ceased. Tritium 42-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-21 8909788-2 1996 To address these questions, we developed and applied a method for measuring lipogenesis using the uptake of deuterium from heavy water into triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) in humans. Water 129-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-170 8909788-2 1996 To address these questions, we developed and applied a method for measuring lipogenesis using the uptake of deuterium from heavy water into triglyceride fatty acids (TGFA) in humans. triglyceride fatty acids 140-164 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-170 8909788-3 1996 Our model examined the plateau of deuterium enrichment in plasma very light density lipoprotein (VLDL) TGFA relative to the maximum as indicative of the fraction of VLDL-TGFA synthesized. Deuterium 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-107 8641206-4 1996 The object of the present studies was to investigate the regulation of hen granulosa cell PG production by TGF alpha and TGF beta and the role of COX II in this process. Prostaglandins 90-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 8641206-7 1996 Granulosa cell PGF and PGE secretion was increased by TGF alpha but suppressed by TGF beta in vitro. Prostaglandins F 15-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 8641206-7 1996 Granulosa cell PGF and PGE secretion was increased by TGF alpha but suppressed by TGF beta in vitro. Prostaglandins E 23-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 8641206-12 1996 In conclusion, the mitogenic response of granulosa cells to TGF alpha is mediated by changes in PG secretion, which are regulated at the level of COX II. Prostaglandins 96-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 8771423-8 1996 However, increased TGF-alpha expression after ASA was noted, particularly in hyperplastic surface epithelium. Aspirin 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 8771423-11 1996 Healthy subjects on prolonged ASA treatment gradually develop parameters of chronic reactive gastritis accompanied by increased TGF-alpha expression in gastric surface epithelial cells, especially in hyperplastic areas. Aspirin 30-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 8625491-9 1996 TGF-alpha mRNA levels increased, whereas EGF mRNA levels decreased significantly in total pancreatic homogenates of BOP-treated hamsters in comparison with untreated controls. nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine 116-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8967788-7 1996 We also found slightly elevated TGF alpha levels in lithium-treated psoriatic cocultures but not in control cultures. Lithium 52-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 8967788-8 1996 We therefore demonstrated that lithium influences the cell communication of psoriatic keratinocytes with HUT 78 lymphocytes by triggering the secretion of TGF alpha, Il-2 and, massively, IFN gamma. Lithium 31-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 155-164 8752656-11 1996 NF-IL-6 binding to a 32P-labeled NF-IL-6 binding sequence was enhanced 20 min after TGF-alpha stimulation and returned to basal levels within 90 min, whereas NFkappaB binding activity was enhanced after 20 min and returned to normal 60 min after stimulation. Phosphorus-32 21-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-93 8928907-5 1996 Treatment with mEGF and hTGF-alpha stimulated GVBD from a basal level of 8.5 to approximately 30% with an estimated half-maximal effective dose for EGF of 5.80 +/- 0.82 + 10(-10) and for hTGF-alpha, 1.9 +/- 1.0 x 10(-10) M. Furthermore, treatment with mEGF marginally increased 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP)-induced GVBD without significantly influencing the gonadotropin-induced response. 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one 278-321 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-34 8928907-5 1996 Treatment with mEGF and hTGF-alpha stimulated GVBD from a basal level of 8.5 to approximately 30% with an estimated half-maximal effective dose for EGF of 5.80 +/- 0.82 + 10(-10) and for hTGF-alpha, 1.9 +/- 1.0 x 10(-10) M. Furthermore, treatment with mEGF marginally increased 17 alpha, 20 beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP)-induced GVBD without significantly influencing the gonadotropin-induced response. dhp 323-326 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-34 8928907-6 1996 Treatment with either mEGF or hTGF-alpha significantly reduced human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production in a concentration-related manner. Testosterone 103-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-40 8612548-7 1996 Recombinant human FSH (100 mIU) and transforming growth factor-alpha (3.3 nM) partially suppressed apoptosis in prehierarchal follicle granulosa cells after 6 h of incubation (by 46-57%; P < 0.05 vs. control), as did the cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM; by 59%; P < 0.05). Cyclic AMP 224-228 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-68 8612548-7 1996 Recombinant human FSH (100 mIU) and transforming growth factor-alpha (3.3 nM) partially suppressed apoptosis in prehierarchal follicle granulosa cells after 6 h of incubation (by 46-57%; P < 0.05 vs. control), as did the cAMP analog, 8-Br-cAMP (1 mM; by 59%; P < 0.05). 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate 237-246 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-68 8635123-9 1996 In LC patients, serum TGF alpha levels were significantly correlated with serum albumin and total bilirubin levels (r = -0.44 and 0.32, respectively). Bilirubin 98-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 8774642-6 1996 RESULTS: Malignant endometrial cells increased thymidine incorporation when incubated with EGF (20.75%), TGF-alpha (19.8%), or IGF-1 (32.8%) compared to untreated control cells. Thymidine 47-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 105-114 8638660-0 1996 Role of glucosamine synthesis in the stimulation of TGF-alpha gene transcription by glucose and EGF. Glucosamine 8-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 8638660-0 1996 Role of glucosamine synthesis in the stimulation of TGF-alpha gene transcription by glucose and EGF. Glucose 84-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 8638660-5 1996 MDA-MB-468 cells also exhibited a TGF-alpha transcriptional response to low concentrations of glucose. Glucose 94-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 8638660-6 1996 The TGF-alpha response to glucose but not EGF could be inhibited by a blocker of GFAT activity. Glucose 26-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 8638660-9 1996 These results support the notion that glucose stimulation of TGF-alpha expression requires GFAT, but EGF stimulation does not. Glucose 38-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 8617875-0 1996 Inhibition of TGF-alpha gene expression by vitamin A in airway epithelium. Vitamin A 43-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 8617875-2 1996 By inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) gene product, vitamin A is able to suppress the proliferation of tracheobronchial epithelial cells in culture. Vitamin A 95-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 8617875-3 1996 Similar repressions in TGF-alpha mRNA levels by retinol were observed in airway explant cultures and in a cell line immortalized from normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Vitamin A 48-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 8617875-4 1996 Both the nuclear run-on transcriptional assay and the transfection study with the chimeric construct of the TGF-alpha promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene partly suggest a transcriptional downregulation mechanism of TGF-alpha gene expression by the retinol treatment; however, this inhibition at the transcriptional level cannot account for the total inhibition at the mRNA level. Vitamin A 273-280 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-117 8617875-4 1996 Both the nuclear run-on transcriptional assay and the transfection study with the chimeric construct of the TGF-alpha promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene partly suggest a transcriptional downregulation mechanism of TGF-alpha gene expression by the retinol treatment; however, this inhibition at the transcriptional level cannot account for the total inhibition at the mRNA level. Vitamin A 273-280 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 240-249 8617875-5 1996 These results suggest that a downregulation of the expression of the TGF-alpha gene at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by vitamin A may precede the essential event associated with the homeostasis of normal conducting airway epithelium. Vitamin A 142-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 8678447-5 1996 The relationship between low acid, hypergastrinaemia, ECL cell hyperplasia, and neoplasia may be of relevance since ECL cells secrete histamine and TGF alpha which are both recognised mitogens. low acid 25-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 8734473-4 1996 This compound inhibited TGF alpha-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 being 30 microM. Tritium 46-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 8734473-4 1996 This compound inhibited TGF alpha-stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 being 30 microM. Thymidine 49-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 8633106-9 1996 These results suggest that with the presence of elevated levels of EGF, TGFalpha, and the oncoprotein receptor c-erbB-2 in the membrane of parotid tumors, cell proliferation and activation of the phosphotyrosine signal transduction pathway may involve autocrine stimulation through the expression of high levels of growth factor and receptor in the same tissue. Phosphotyrosine 196-211 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-80 8589725-1 1996 The TGF-beta superfamily comprises a number of functionally diverse growth factors/signalling molecules (1) which elicit their response upon binding to serine-threonine kinase receptors (2). Serine 152-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 8929865-3 1996 By using in situ hybridization with 35S-labeled cDNA probes in frozen sections from eight lungs from fetuses ranging from 12 to 33 wk of gestation, TGF-alpha and EGF mRNA transcripts appeared to be confined to the mesenchymal cells and mainly found in the dense connective tissue along the pleura, bronchi, and large vessels, but undetected in bronchial epithelial cells. Sulfur-35 36-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-157 8929865-4 1996 The streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase method, applied to paraffin-embedded specimens from 39 fetuses ranging from 10 to 41 wk, showed that TGF-alpha, EGF, and EGF receptor exhibited a similar cellular distribution during the whole period of gestation. Paraffin 60-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-151 8619789-2 1996 Either exogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) or epidermal growth factor(EGF) prevented the cells from apoptosis in the presence of 4,5-didehydro GGA, but hepatocyte growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-II, insulin or triiodothyronine was essentially inactive. Triiodothyronine 239-255 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 8621731-4 1996 Membrane-bound pro-TGF-alpha interacted with the EGF receptor, and complexes of receptor and pro-TGF-alpha contained tyrosine-phosphorylated receptor. Tyrosine 117-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 8680479-7 1996 Data presented here also demonstrate that TGF-alpha is expressed in adipose tissue and that its expression is specifically stimulated by PGF2 alpha, thus suggesting the existence of an amplification mechanism between two differentiation inhibitors within the adipose tissue. Dinoprost 137-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-51 8598657-8 1996 We therefore proposed that increased levels of gastrin induced by low acid states might stimulate TGFalpha secretion and that this agent might be capable of regulating ECL cell DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. low acid 66-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 8591849-5 1996 Maximal serum TGF alpha levels achieved in each case after admission until recovery from disease or death were correlated positively with maximal serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels in patients with AH, but negatively with maximal total bilirubin levels in patients with FH. Bilirubin 189-198 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 8591849-5 1996 Maximal serum TGF alpha levels achieved in each case after admission until recovery from disease or death were correlated positively with maximal serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin levels in patients with AH, but negatively with maximal total bilirubin levels in patients with FH. Bilirubin 261-270 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-23 8598657-18 1996 Gastrin stimulated (10 nM) histamine secretion in isolated naive ECL cells was inhibited by TGFalpha (IC50 5 x 10 (-9) M). Histamine 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 8574972-0 1996 Retinoic acid normalizes the increased gene transcription rate of TGF-alpha and EGFR in head and neck cancer cell lines. Tretinoin 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 9244187-0 1996 Relationship between TGF alpha-induced DNA synthesis and prostaglandin synthesis in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Prostaglandins 57-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 8574972-4 1996 In this report, we examined the hypothesis that the action of RA on the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract is mediated via downregulation of steady-state TGF-alpha and/or EGFR mRNA levels. Tretinoin 62-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 8574972-6 1996 Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that the RA-mediated reduction of TGF-alpha and EGFR steady-state mRNA levels was a result of decreased gene transcription. Tretinoin 43-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 8574972-7 1996 These results suggest that the clinical effects of RA in SCCHN patients may be due to a downmodulation of TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA production. Tretinoin 51-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-115 9244187-1 1996 The relationship between transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha)-induced cell proliferation and prostaglandin synthesis was investigated using growth-arrested human keratinocytes of the HaCaT line. Prostaglandins 101-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Indomethacin 4-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Indomethacin 4-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-226 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide 22-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide 22-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-226 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Arachidonic Acid 106-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Prostaglandins 135-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Dinoprostone 150-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-4 1996 The indomethacin- and NS-398-sensitive mitogenic effect of TGF alpha correlated with an early increase of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin (PGE2, PGF2alpha) synthesis, whereas the PGHS inhibitor-insensitive TGF alpha effect did not. Dinoprost 156-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 9244187-5 1996 TGF alpha-induced prostaglandin synthesis was due to a growth factor-induced PGHS-2 activity as indicated by its suppression by NS-398. Prostaglandins 18-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9244187-5 1996 TGF alpha-induced prostaglandin synthesis was due to a growth factor-induced PGHS-2 activity as indicated by its suppression by NS-398. N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide 128-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 9244187-6 1996 However, attempts to overcome the PGHS inhibitor-dependent suppression of TGF alpha-induced DNA synthesis by adding prostaglandins (E1, E2, F2alpha, G2) to the cultures proved to be unsuccessful. Prostaglandins 116-130 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-83 9244187-7 1996 Thus, TGF alpha-induced synthesis of prostaglandins seems not to be involved in the mediation of the mitogenic effect of the growth factor on human keratinocytes in culture. Prostaglandins 37-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 8603030-6 1996 In addition, in the hormone-dependent LNCaP cells, the treatment with LHRH agonists antagonizes the proliferation promoting effect of testosterone, which in turn appears to be mediated by the activation of the locally expressed EGF/TGF alpha system. Testosterone 134-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 232-241 8789735-9 1996 On the other hand, both reductive and oxidative pathways were only partially influenced by either growth factor in DU145 and PC3 cells, although TGF alpha significantly raised 5 alpha-androstanedione formation and reduced androsterone production in DU145 cells. alpha-androstanedione 178-199 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-154 8789735-9 1996 On the other hand, both reductive and oxidative pathways were only partially influenced by either growth factor in DU145 and PC3 cells, although TGF alpha significantly raised 5 alpha-androstanedione formation and reduced androsterone production in DU145 cells. Androsterone 222-234 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-154 7498653-6 1995 RESULTS: Incubation with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibited TGF-alpha secretion compared with controls. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 35-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 8560658-2 1996 METHODS: Immunohistochemistry of renal cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissue was performed on formalin-fixed tissue using a specific monoclonal antibody to TGF-alpha. Formaldehyde 98-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 160-169 7498653-8 1995 The TGF-alpha antisense oligodeoxynucleotides markedly inhibited proliferation, an effect that was abolished by adding TGF-alpha to the medium. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 24-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 7498653-8 1995 The TGF-alpha antisense oligodeoxynucleotides markedly inhibited proliferation, an effect that was abolished by adding TGF-alpha to the medium. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 24-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 8669822-9 1995 In MCF-7 cells, medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate were also able to effectively counteract the cell growth induced by TGF-alpha. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 16-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 8669822-9 1995 In MCF-7 cells, medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate were also able to effectively counteract the cell growth induced by TGF-alpha. Megestrol Acetate 48-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 7593635-5 1995 In addition, stellate cell activation by collagen type I matrix and TGF alpha was blocked by antioxidants, such as d-alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene. alpha-Tocopherol 115-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-77 8624430-0 1995 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor localization in cultured human granulosa lutein cells and the stimulation of progesterone production by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha). Progesterone 116-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-194 8624430-1 1995 PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of EGF receptor (EGF-R) in human granulosa cells undergoing luteinization and progesterone production by these cells in response to EGF an TGF-alpha alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone (LH). Progesterone 147-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 208-217 8624430-10 1995 CONCLUSION: These data suggest an EGF receptor-mediated physiological role for EGF and TGF-alpha in human luteal function involving an autocrine and/or a paracrine stimulation of progesterone production. Progesterone 179-191 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 7593635-5 1995 In addition, stellate cell activation by collagen type I matrix and TGF alpha was blocked by antioxidants, such as d-alpha-tocopherol and butylated hydroxytoluene. Butylated Hydroxytoluene 138-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-77 7593635-7 1995 c-myb antisense oligonucleotide blocked the activation and proliferation of stellate cells induced by TGF alpha. Oligonucleotides 16-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 8785878-21 1995 If a genetic defect decreases the affinity of a suppressive receptor/ligand complex for the regulatory element of IL-6 or TGF-alpha, for example, then these cells could be relatively resistant to homeostatic regulation by indigenous corticosteroids, vitamin D, and retinoids. Vitamin D 250-259 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 7548140-8 1995 We conclude that upregulation of arginine transport is part of a pleiotropic response to EGF/TGF alpha, and that this involves PKC and de novo synthesis of polypeptides associated with system y+ transport activity. Arginine 33-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 8785878-21 1995 If a genetic defect decreases the affinity of a suppressive receptor/ligand complex for the regulatory element of IL-6 or TGF-alpha, for example, then these cells could be relatively resistant to homeostatic regulation by indigenous corticosteroids, vitamin D, and retinoids. Retinoids 265-274 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-131 21552904-4 1995 It (a) blocks the binding of EGF, TGF alpha and HB-EGF to the EGFR, (b) prevents the EGF, TGF alpha and HB-EGF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR, and (c) inhibits the growth in vitro of the head and neck tumour (HN5) cell line overexpressing the EGF receptor. Tyrosine 119-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 7628355-3 1995 We show that PGF2 alpha stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Dinoprost 13-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-44 7673134-2 1995 Two proline mimetics, the enantiomers of 2-aza-bicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-3-carboxylic acid, have been incorporated in place of Pro30 into synthetic peptides based on the B-loop beta-sheet sequence of human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) (residues Cys21-Cys32). Proline 4-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 236-245 7637956-7 1995 Tumors with simultaneous expression of EGF, TGF-alpha, EGFR and p185c-erbB-2 had an association with a high BrdU labeling index. Bromodeoxyuridine 108-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-53 7635577-1 1995 The secretion of TGF-alpha was enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), indicating the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the formation of mature TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 43-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 7635577-1 1995 The secretion of TGF-alpha was enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), indicating the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the formation of mature TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 76-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 7635577-1 1995 The secretion of TGF-alpha was enhanced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), indicating the possible role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the formation of mature TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 76-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 7635577-7 1995 Calphostin C, an inhibitor of PKC, reduced the enzyme activity and significantly inhibited the PMA-induced secretion of TGF-alpha by both cell lines. calphostin complex 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 7635577-7 1995 Calphostin C, an inhibitor of PKC, reduced the enzyme activity and significantly inhibited the PMA-induced secretion of TGF-alpha by both cell lines. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 95-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 7635577-8 1995 Two agonists of PKC that act on specific PKC isozymes, thymeleatoxin and 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate 20-acetate (dPPA), stimulated the release of TGF-alpha into the medium to the same extent as PMA. 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate 73-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-160 7635577-8 1995 Two agonists of PKC that act on specific PKC isozymes, thymeleatoxin and 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate 20-acetate (dPPA), stimulated the release of TGF-alpha into the medium to the same extent as PMA. 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate 118-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-160 7635577-9 1995 Since dPPA has been reported to stimulate PKC-beta 1 specifically, our results suggest a potential role for PKC-beta in the processing of pro-TGF-alpha by these 2 human colon carcinoma cell lines. 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate-20-acetate 6-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-151 7628355-4 1995 PGF2 alpha also stimulated TGF alpha production in the culture medium of adipocyte precursors in primary culture. Dinoprost 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 7628355-5 1995 PGF2 alpha stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Dinoprost 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 7628355-6 1995 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 alpha, which also inhibited adipose differentiation, stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression similarly to PGF2 alpha, whereas other PGs had no effect on TGF alpha mRNA expression. ,11 beta-pgf2 7-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 7628355-6 1995 9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2 alpha, which also inhibited adipose differentiation, stimulated TGF alpha mRNA expression similarly to PGF2 alpha, whereas other PGs had no effect on TGF alpha mRNA expression. Dinoprost 16-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 7628355-7 1995 The time-course experiment indicates that the stimulation of TGF alpha mRNA expression by PGF2 alpha is observed within 6 h of exposure to PGF2 alpha and is inhibited by treatment of the cells with actinomycin D. Dinoprost 90-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 7628355-7 1995 The time-course experiment indicates that the stimulation of TGF alpha mRNA expression by PGF2 alpha is observed within 6 h of exposure to PGF2 alpha and is inhibited by treatment of the cells with actinomycin D. Dinoprost 139-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 7628355-7 1995 The time-course experiment indicates that the stimulation of TGF alpha mRNA expression by PGF2 alpha is observed within 6 h of exposure to PGF2 alpha and is inhibited by treatment of the cells with actinomycin D. Dactinomycin 198-211 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-70 7628355-8 1995 The effect of PGF2 alpha on TGF alpha expression did not require activation of protein kinase C and was fully reversible. Dinoprost 14-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 7635429-8 1995 Administration of EGF and TGF alpha, but not of IGF-II, induced a dose-dependent, amiloride-inhibitable increase in baseline pHi, together with an increase in Na+/H+ exchange activity, shifting to the right the JH/pHi curve. Amiloride 82-91 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 7635429-11 1995 Administration of TGF alpha stimulates DNA synthesis, an effect that is blocked by amiloride, an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchanger. Amiloride 83-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 7628355-9 1995 As both TGF alpha and PGF2 alpha are inhibitors of adipose differentiation, it is suggested that stimulation of TGF alpha expression by PGF2 alpha could represent an amplification mechanism to modulate adipocyte precursor differentiation and adipocyte function within the adipose tissue. Dinoprost 22-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 7635429-9 1995 Finally, 3H-thymidine incorporation in Hep G2 cells, in the presence of FCS or TGF alpha, was strongly inhibited by amiloride. Tritium 9-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 7628355-9 1995 As both TGF alpha and PGF2 alpha are inhibitors of adipose differentiation, it is suggested that stimulation of TGF alpha expression by PGF2 alpha could represent an amplification mechanism to modulate adipocyte precursor differentiation and adipocyte function within the adipose tissue. Dinoprost 136-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 7635429-9 1995 Finally, 3H-thymidine incorporation in Hep G2 cells, in the presence of FCS or TGF alpha, was strongly inhibited by amiloride. Thymidine 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 7635429-9 1995 Finally, 3H-thymidine incorporation in Hep G2 cells, in the presence of FCS or TGF alpha, was strongly inhibited by amiloride. Amiloride 116-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 7628355-9 1995 As both TGF alpha and PGF2 alpha are inhibitors of adipose differentiation, it is suggested that stimulation of TGF alpha expression by PGF2 alpha could represent an amplification mechanism to modulate adipocyte precursor differentiation and adipocyte function within the adipose tissue. Dinoprost 136-140 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 7641023-16 1995 Furthermore, EGF and TGF alpha preferentially stimulate L-arginine uptake via the Na(+)-dependent transporter, ostensibly to accommodate for the mitogenic stimulus. Arginine 56-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 7578983-0 1995 Transcriptional upregulation of TGF-alpha by phenylacetate and phenylbutyrate is associated with differentiation of human melanoma cells. phenylacetic acid 45-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 7578983-0 1995 Transcriptional upregulation of TGF-alpha by phenylacetate and phenylbutyrate is associated with differentiation of human melanoma cells. Phenylbutyrates 63-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 7578983-3 1995 Treatment of human melanoma 1011 cultures with either PA or PB caused over 40-fold increase in TGF-alpha biosynthesis and secretion into the media. Phenylbutyrates 60-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 7578983-8 1995 Like PA and PB, other differentiation inducers such as all-trans-retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine, all induced TGF-alpha expression in the melanoma cells. Phenylbutyrates 12-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 7578983-8 1995 Like PA and PB, other differentiation inducers such as all-trans-retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine, all induced TGF-alpha expression in the melanoma cells. Tretinoin 55-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 7578983-8 1995 Like PA and PB, other differentiation inducers such as all-trans-retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine, all induced TGF-alpha expression in the melanoma cells. Dimethyl Sulfoxide 80-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 7578983-8 1995 Like PA and PB, other differentiation inducers such as all-trans-retinoic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 5-aza-2"-deoxycytidine, all induced TGF-alpha expression in the melanoma cells. Decitabine 104-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 7578983-9 1995 The close association between enhanced TGF-alpha production and melanoma cell differentiation suggests that this growth factor, often linked to mitogenesis, may play a novel role in tumour differentiation by PA and PB. Phenylbutyrates 215-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 7597708-11 1995 These results, together with our earlier results showing an induction of TGF-alpha by TCDD as a result of a stabilization of the TGF-alpha mRNA, demonstrate the importance of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the regulation of gene expression by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 86-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 7597708-11 1995 These results, together with our earlier results showing an induction of TGF-alpha by TCDD as a result of a stabilization of the TGF-alpha mRNA, demonstrate the importance of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the regulation of gene expression by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 86-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 7597708-11 1995 These results, together with our earlier results showing an induction of TGF-alpha by TCDD as a result of a stabilization of the TGF-alpha mRNA, demonstrate the importance of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the regulation of gene expression by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 268-272 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 7597708-11 1995 These results, together with our earlier results showing an induction of TGF-alpha by TCDD as a result of a stabilization of the TGF-alpha mRNA, demonstrate the importance of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events in the regulation of gene expression by TCDD. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 268-272 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 7628553-6 1995 In addition, TGF alpha activated the EGF receptor in each line by increasing its tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine 81-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-22 7720660-6 1995 Estrogen enhanced the [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the cell in dose- and time-dependent manners in culture: estrogen treatment for more than 12 h significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the cell at 10(-8) M. The estrogen-induced cell growth was observed in association with the increase in EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF receptor messenger RNA levels by estrogen. Tritium 193-195 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 335-344 7671414-1 1995 Twenty cases of solar keratosis and 15 cases of Bowen"s disease were investigated for the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibody TGF-alpha AB-2 in formalin-fixed wax-embedded tissue. Formaldehyde 235-243 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-147 7671414-1 1995 Twenty cases of solar keratosis and 15 cases of Bowen"s disease were investigated for the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibody TGF-alpha AB-2 in formalin-fixed wax-embedded tissue. Waxes 250-253 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-147 7720660-6 1995 Estrogen enhanced the [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the cell in dose- and time-dependent manners in culture: estrogen treatment for more than 12 h significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the cell at 10(-8) M. The estrogen-induced cell growth was observed in association with the increase in EGF, TGF alpha, and EGF receptor messenger RNA levels by estrogen. Thymidine 197-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 335-344 7747282-3 1995 Overexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is associated with carcinomas of the head and neck and respiratory tract in human patients and formaldehyde-induced rat nasal squamous cell carcinomas. Formaldehyde 158-170 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 7536865-4 1995 In HL-60 cells, lacking constitutive TGF-alpha mRNA, vitamin D3 caused expression of the TGF-alpha gene and protein as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA). Cholecalciferol 53-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 7536865-5 1995 In U-937 cells, showing constitutive TGF-alpha expression, RA but not vitamin D3 or PMA, caused marked increase in TGF-alpha mRNA (approximately 5-fold) and protein (approximately 3-fold) levels. Tretinoin 59-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 7536865-5 1995 In U-937 cells, showing constitutive TGF-alpha expression, RA but not vitamin D3 or PMA, caused marked increase in TGF-alpha mRNA (approximately 5-fold) and protein (approximately 3-fold) levels. Tretinoin 59-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 7883816-11 1995 The cord EGF/TGF alpha receptors are functional in terms of binding of EGF, activation of receptor autophosphorylation, and increasing the formation of vasoconstrictive eicosanoid. Eicosanoids 169-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-22 7896785-1 1995 The glucocorticoid and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) regulation of growth and cell-cell contact was investigated in the Con8 mammary epithelial tumor cell line derived from a 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. anthracene 214-224 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 7860139-7 1995 The amount of secreted TGF-alpha could be suppressed by octreotide treatment in individual tumours. Octreotide 56-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 7664978-3 1995 We incubated adrenal cells with 50 pM 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1 for 15 min to 3 h at 4 degree C and found that the binding of 125I-labeled TGF-beta 1 increased with time and could be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by non-labeled TGF-beta 1 (0.05-10 nM), but not with other relevant cytokines: IL6, TNF alpha,IGF-I, IGF-II, TGF-alpha, and EGF. Iodine-125 38-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 327-336 7858746-8 1995 Moreover, iodide uptake stimulated by either forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP also was inhibited by TGF-alpha. Iodides 10-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 7873520-1 1995 Human type-alpha transforming growth factor (hTGF alpha) is a small mitogenic protein containing 50 amino acids and three disulfide bonds. Disulfides 122-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-55 7873520-5 1995 In order to characterize conformational dynamics of hTGF alpha on both the fast (i.e., sub-nanosecond) and intermediate nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange (i.e., microsecond) time scales, we measured nitrogen-15 relaxation parameters at pH 7.1 +/- 0.1 and a temperature of 30 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Measurements of nitrogen-15 longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE effects, were then interpreted using an extended Lipari-Szabo analysis [Lipari, G., & Szabo, A. Nitrogen 120-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-62 7873520-5 1995 In order to characterize conformational dynamics of hTGF alpha on both the fast (i.e., sub-nanosecond) and intermediate nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange (i.e., microsecond) time scales, we measured nitrogen-15 relaxation parameters at pH 7.1 +/- 0.1 and a temperature of 30 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Measurements of nitrogen-15 longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE effects, were then interpreted using an extended Lipari-Szabo analysis [Lipari, G., & Szabo, A. Nitrogen 195-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-62 7873520-5 1995 In order to characterize conformational dynamics of hTGF alpha on both the fast (i.e., sub-nanosecond) and intermediate nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange (i.e., microsecond) time scales, we measured nitrogen-15 relaxation parameters at pH 7.1 +/- 0.1 and a temperature of 30 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Measurements of nitrogen-15 longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE effects, were then interpreted using an extended Lipari-Szabo analysis [Lipari, G., & Szabo, A. Nitrogen 195-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-62 7873520-5 1995 In order to characterize conformational dynamics of hTGF alpha on both the fast (i.e., sub-nanosecond) and intermediate nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange (i.e., microsecond) time scales, we measured nitrogen-15 relaxation parameters at pH 7.1 +/- 0.1 and a temperature of 30 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Measurements of nitrogen-15 longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE effects, were then interpreted using an extended Lipari-Szabo analysis [Lipari, G., & Szabo, A. Hydrogen 378-380 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-62 7873520-5 1995 In order to characterize conformational dynamics of hTGF alpha on both the fast (i.e., sub-nanosecond) and intermediate nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange (i.e., microsecond) time scales, we measured nitrogen-15 relaxation parameters at pH 7.1 +/- 0.1 and a temperature of 30 +/- 0.5 degrees C. Measurements of nitrogen-15 longitudinal (R1) and transverse (R2) relaxation rates, and 1H-15N heteronuclear NOE effects, were then interpreted using an extended Lipari-Szabo analysis [Lipari, G., & Szabo, A. 15n 381-384 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-62 7873520-16 1995 Indeed, some 40% of the backbone amide groups of hTGF alpha, including many at the interface between the two subdomains, exhibit significant nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange line broadening indicative of interconversions between multiple protein conformations on the microsecond time scale. Amides 33-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-59 7873520-16 1995 Indeed, some 40% of the backbone amide groups of hTGF alpha, including many at the interface between the two subdomains, exhibit significant nitrogen-15 chemical-exchange line broadening indicative of interconversions between multiple protein conformations on the microsecond time scale. Nitrogen 141-149 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-59 7873520-17 1995 The distribution of these sites on the three-dimensional protein structure suggests that these dynamic fluctuations are due to (i) partial unfolding of the core beta-sheet, (ii) hinge-bending motions between the N- and C-terminal subdomains, and/or (iii) disulfide bond isomerization in the solution structure of hTGF alpha at neutral pH. Disulfides 255-264 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 313-323 7858744-8 1995 We conclude that TGF-alpha stimulates invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer by binding to the EGF receptors, that EGF- and TGF-alpha-mediated effects can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and to tyrosine kinase, and that genistein not only neutralized EGF and TGF-alpha effects but also inhibited invasion and growth of unstimulated FTC133. Genistein 243-252 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 7858744-8 1995 We conclude that TGF-alpha stimulates invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer by binding to the EGF receptors, that EGF- and TGF-alpha-mediated effects can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and to tyrosine kinase, and that genistein not only neutralized EGF and TGF-alpha effects but also inhibited invasion and growth of unstimulated FTC133. Genistein 243-252 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 7858744-8 1995 We conclude that TGF-alpha stimulates invasion and growth of follicular thyroid cancer by binding to the EGF receptors, that EGF- and TGF-alpha-mediated effects can be blocked by antagonism to the EGF receptor and to tyrosine kinase, and that genistein not only neutralized EGF and TGF-alpha effects but also inhibited invasion and growth of unstimulated FTC133. Genistein 243-252 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-143 7858746-5 1995 When thyroid cells were cultured for 3 days with thyrotropin (TSH) in the presence of TGF-alpha, TSH-induced iodide uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Thyrotropin 62-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 7629697-4 1995 Melatonin, at a physiologic concentration (10(-9) M), rapidly, significantly, and, in some cases, transiently elevated the steady-state mRNA levels of growth stimulatory products such as TGF alpha, c-myc, and pS2, which are normally up-regulated in response to estrogen. Melatonin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 187-196 7858746-5 1995 When thyroid cells were cultured for 3 days with thyrotropin (TSH) in the presence of TGF-alpha, TSH-induced iodide uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Iodides 109-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 7858746-8 1995 Moreover, iodide uptake stimulated by either forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP also was inhibited by TGF-alpha. Colforsin 45-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 7858746-8 1995 Moreover, iodide uptake stimulated by either forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP also was inhibited by TGF-alpha. 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate 58-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-102 7858746-9 1995 Thus, we conclude that TGF-alpha inhibits TSH-induced iodine metabolism largely by acting at the steps distal to cAMP production. Thyrotropin 42-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 7858746-9 1995 Thus, we conclude that TGF-alpha inhibits TSH-induced iodine metabolism largely by acting at the steps distal to cAMP production. Iodine 54-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 7858746-9 1995 Thus, we conclude that TGF-alpha inhibits TSH-induced iodine metabolism largely by acting at the steps distal to cAMP production. Cyclic AMP 113-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-32 9815886-7 1995 Here we show that MCF-10A TGF-alpha and MCF-10A Ha-ras cells overexpress the RIalpha protein and become hypersensitive to epypodophyllotoxins and amsacrine but not to bleomycin. epypodophyllotoxins 122-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 7755487-5 1995 It was demonstrated that incubation with 1, 10 and 100 nM TCDD for 24 h increased mRNA levels of TGF-alpha, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 58-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 7755487-7 1995 TCDD had a minor effect on TGF-alpha and TNF-alpha mRNA. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 7628051-10 1995 Tyrphostins B46 and B56 inhibited DNA synthesis stimulated by TGF alpha in defined medium to a greater extent than DNA synthesis stimulated by serum. Tyrphostins 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-71 7628051-12 1995 By contrast, BSA enhanced the selective inhibition of TGF alpha-stimulated DNA synthesis by tyrphostin A47. tyrphostin 47 92-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 7628051-13 1995 These results demonstrate that protein binding accounts for the apparent selectivity of some highly protein-bound tyrphostins for TGF alpha-stimulated DNA synthesis of L23/P cells. Tyrphostins 114-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-139 7628052-10 1995 l-Carrageenan inhibited DNA synthesis in MCF-7 cells stimulated by bFGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) but not in those stimulated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). l-carrageenan 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-119 8581000-1 1995 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) are two closely related peptides that interact with cell-surface epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) to induce receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of intracellular signal-transduction pathways. Tyrosine 204-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 7813633-4 1995 The effects of LPA are compared with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), a structurally unrelated lipid that has previously been shown to induce both TGF alpha and TGF beta and have pronounced effects on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Tretinoin 62-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-153 7813633-5 1995 Treatment of cultured human keratinocytes with LPA or RA induced the production of TGF alpha by four- to eightfold. lysophosphatidic acid 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 7813633-5 1995 Treatment of cultured human keratinocytes with LPA or RA induced the production of TGF alpha by four- to eightfold. Tretinoin 54-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 7813633-12 1995 The effects of LPA on TGF alpha and TGF beta production by keratinocytes likely have in vivo relevance as concluded from rodent studies involving topical LPA treatments. lysophosphatidic acid 15-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 7829602-0 1995 Expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), and EGF receptor in human amnion cells: possible role of TGF alpha in prostaglandin E2 synthesis and cell proliferation. Dinoprostone 192-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-188 7829602-5 1995 TGF alpha induced an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in amnion cells, and this increase was significantly reduced when the cells were incubated with cobalt chloride (a Ca2+ channel blocker; 2.5 mmol/L) or EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator; 5 mmol/L). cobaltous chloride 166-181 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-5 1995 TGF alpha induced an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in amnion cells, and this increase was significantly reduced when the cells were incubated with cobalt chloride (a Ca2+ channel blocker; 2.5 mmol/L) or EGTA (a Ca2+ chelator; 5 mmol/L). Egtazic Acid 222-226 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-6 1995 TGF alpha enhanced PGE2 production, and this increase was significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 10 mumol/L), cobalt chloride (2.5 mmol/L), or EGTA (5 mmol/L). Dinoprostone 19-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-6 1995 TGF alpha enhanced PGE2 production, and this increase was significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 10 mumol/L), cobalt chloride (2.5 mmol/L), or EGTA (5 mmol/L). Indomethacin 117-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-6 1995 TGF alpha enhanced PGE2 production, and this increase was significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 10 mumol/L), cobalt chloride (2.5 mmol/L), or EGTA (5 mmol/L). cobaltous chloride 172-187 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-6 1995 TGF alpha enhanced PGE2 production, and this increase was significantly inhibited when the cells were incubated with indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 10 mumol/L), cobalt chloride (2.5 mmol/L), or EGTA (5 mmol/L). Egtazic Acid 205-209 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 7829602-8 1995 TGF alpha induced DNA synthesis by human amnion cells, and indomethacin inhibited the TGF alpha-induced DNA synthesis. Indomethacin 59-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 7829602-9 1995 These results suggest that 1) EGF/TGF alpha are expressed and produced in amnion cells; 2) these endogenous factors may regulate the proliferation of amnion cells in an autocrine or paracrine manner; and 3) these growth factors may exert their effects via intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and PGE2 production. Dinoprostone 292-296 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 7696888-6 1994 Recombinant human TGF alpha-induced bone resorption was completely inhibited by indomethacin. Indomethacin 80-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-27 7803391-2 1994 The 1H NMR resonances of the methyl groups of TGF-alpha were used as probes of the interaction of TGF-alpha with the EGF receptor to determine the binding kinetics and the differential mobility within the bound TGF-alpha. Hydrogen 4-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-55 7803391-4 1994 Changes in the longitudinal and transverse 1H NMR relaxation rates of the methyl resonances of TGF-alpha caused by binding to the 85-kDa EGFR-ED were studied. Hydrogen 43-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 7696176-4 1994 In stably transfected cells, cadmium induced antisense mRNA and reduced expression of TGF alpha mRNA and protein in antisense clones (AS1). Cadmium 29-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 7696176-8 1994 In AS1 cells, the simultaneous addition of cadmium with E2 blocked most of the E2-induced increase in TGF alpha mRNA and protein and nearly abolished the stimulatory effects of E2 on DNA synthesis and cell number. Cadmium 43-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 7957892-7 1994 Transfection of cells with the TGF-alpha gene led to downmodulation of TNF receptors but an increase in intracellular glutathione levels. Glutathione 118-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 7954416-5 1994 Depletion of steroids from the growth media also resulted in a marked (70-80%) transient decrease in transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha mRNA and TGF-alpha protein production at 2 weeks that was followed by a progressive, partial return to the initial parental TGF-alpha mRNA and protein levels. Steroids 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-139 7954416-5 1994 Depletion of steroids from the growth media also resulted in a marked (70-80%) transient decrease in transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha mRNA and TGF-alpha protein production at 2 weeks that was followed by a progressive, partial return to the initial parental TGF-alpha mRNA and protein levels. Steroids 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 7954416-5 1994 Depletion of steroids from the growth media also resulted in a marked (70-80%) transient decrease in transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha mRNA and TGF-alpha protein production at 2 weeks that was followed by a progressive, partial return to the initial parental TGF-alpha mRNA and protein levels. Steroids 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 264-273 7954416-8 1994 The long-term steroid-deprived sublines showed a loss of regulation of proliferation by TGF-alpha or anti-TGF-alpha antibodies and a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity to the growth-suppressive effects of TGF-beta 1, despite little change in receptor levels for these factors. Steroids 14-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 7954416-8 1994 The long-term steroid-deprived sublines showed a loss of regulation of proliferation by TGF-alpha or anti-TGF-alpha antibodies and a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity to the growth-suppressive effects of TGF-beta 1, despite little change in receptor levels for these factors. Steroids 14-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-115 7977355-4 1994 These data provide evidence from within families that a gene for susceptibility to CL/P is in significant linkage disequilibrium with the C2 allele of the TGFA locus. Phosphorus 86-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 155-159 7872715-5 1994 Addition of progesterone and estradiol significantly increased the release of EGF/TGF-a from benign tumour tissue but did not stimulate release from control ovaries. Progesterone 12-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-87 7872715-5 1994 Addition of progesterone and estradiol significantly increased the release of EGF/TGF-a from benign tumour tissue but did not stimulate release from control ovaries. Estradiol 29-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-87 7963661-3 1994 In the present study, we characterize the intralesional expression and distribution of immunoreactive TGF alpha protein by avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase localization in benign nevi, congenital nevi, dysplastic nevi, and malignant melanomas. avidin-biotin 123-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-111 7892510-13 1994 We have previously shown that TGF-alpha and EGF are synergistic with IL-1 and TNF-alpha in enhancing amnion cell PGE2 production. Dinoprostone 113-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 7925101-2 1994 Examination of the brain and ovaries 5 h after a single sc injection of zinc chloride, administered to activate the MT1-hTGF alpha transgene, revealed that prominent sites of human TGF alpha messenger RNA expression within these tissues were the hypothalamus and ovarian follicles, respectively. zinc chloride 72-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-130 7929192-8 1994 Conditioned media from these fibroblasts stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/TGF-alpha receptor, competed with radioactive EGF for binding sites on A431 cells, and were mitogenic for mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Tyrosine 52-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 8062268-13 1994 Further clinical studies with TGF alpha-delta Cys-PE40 and other chimeric toxins using the same cellular target will address this possibility. Cysteine 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 8077059-9 1994 Inclusion of the TGF-alpha neutralizing antibody consistently inhibited the proliferation of the tumor sublines more than P69SV40T in both proliferation and [3H]thymidine incorporation assays. Tritium 158-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 8083760-6 1994 Treatment with either TGF alpha or its structural homolog, epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased TGF alpha mRNA levels within 8 hr of exposure; the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was similarly effective. Phorbol Esters 151-164 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 7921670-9 1994 The amplitudes of these artificial HNOE enhancements are roughly correlated with solvent accessibilities of amide sites in the three-dimensional structure of hTGF alpha. Amides 108-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 158-168 7521866-4 1994 METHODS AND MATERIALS: EGF or TGF alpha were conjugated to dextran and binding, internalization, retention and degradation of eight types of such conjugates were analyzed in EGF-receptor amplified glioma cells. Dextrans 59-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 7948488-4 1994 By contrast, culture with the growth factor transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) in the presence of VIP (1 microM) prevented increases in P450scc mRNA levels and progesterone production. Progesterone 170-182 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8083760-6 1994 Treatment with either TGF alpha or its structural homolog, epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased TGF alpha mRNA levels within 8 hr of exposure; the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was similarly effective. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 165-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 8083760-6 1994 Treatment with either TGF alpha or its structural homolog, epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased TGF alpha mRNA levels within 8 hr of exposure; the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was similarly effective. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 204-207 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 8083760-6 1994 Treatment with either TGF alpha or its structural homolog, epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased TGF alpha mRNA levels within 8 hr of exposure; the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was similarly effective. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 204-207 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 8083760-7 1994 Blockade of EGFR with either tyrphostin RG-50864, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, or a monoclonal antibody that prevents ligand binding abolished the upregulatory effect of TGF alpha on TGF alpha mRNA levels. Tyrphostins 29-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 183-192 8000705-6 1994 Following PGE1 treatment, IL-1 alpha and TGF alpha from HDFs remained undetectable while IL-6 production was enhanced markedly. Alprostadil 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 8048063-2 1994 TCDD alters the expression of a number of specific genes in the transformed human keratinocyte cell line, SCC-12F, including transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), TGF-beta 2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 8048063-5 1994 TCDD altered both the mRNA and protein concentrations of TGF-alpha, TGF-beta 2, PAI-2, and IL-1 beta. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 8040028-5 1994 Steady-state messenger ribonucleic acid levels for estrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor-receptor, and transforming growth factor-alpha were determined by ribonucleic acid protection experiments. ribonucleic 23-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-140 8014008-7 1994 Treatment of HCT 116 and GEO cells with a phorbol ester (TPA) resulted in a 4-fold increase in TGF-alpha in the conditioned media of both cell types. Phorbol Esters 42-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 8014008-7 1994 Treatment of HCT 116 and GEO cells with a phorbol ester (TPA) resulted in a 4-fold increase in TGF-alpha in the conditioned media of both cell types. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 57-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 8049128-6 1994 In intact mice inoculated with OH-Tam pellets and Ishikawa cells, the tumors were larger and had lower levels of TGF-alpha mRNA than in untreated or E2 treated mice. oh-tam 31-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 8014008-8 1994 The TPA-induced release of TGF-alpha was blocked by an inhibitor of elastase-like enzymes. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 4-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 8014008-11 1994 The presence of an elastase-like activity in detergent extracts and the ability of an elastase inhibitor to block the TPA-induced secretion of TGF-alpha suggests that PKC and an elastase-like enzyme are involved in the processing and secretion of TGF-alpha by human colon carcinoma cell lines. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 118-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-152 8014008-11 1994 The presence of an elastase-like activity in detergent extracts and the ability of an elastase inhibitor to block the TPA-induced secretion of TGF-alpha suggests that PKC and an elastase-like enzyme are involved in the processing and secretion of TGF-alpha by human colon carcinoma cell lines. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 118-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 247-256 7509140-7 1994 In blood of patients with myasthenia gravis, where the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a target for autoaggressive immunity, there were increased levels of AChR-responsive TGF-beta mRNA expressing cells. Acetylcholine 55-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 8188754-8 1994 The protein complex associated with transmembrane TGF-alpha displayed kinase activities towards tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. Tyrosine 96-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 8188754-8 1994 The protein complex associated with transmembrane TGF-alpha displayed kinase activities towards tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. Serine 106-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 8188754-8 1994 The protein complex associated with transmembrane TGF-alpha displayed kinase activities towards tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. Threonine 118-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 8175715-5 1994 The sequence at position -52 to -40 (mLF-CRE) of the gene conferred transcriptional activation in the presence of forskolin, cyclic AMP, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in transiently transfected human endometrium carcinoma RL95-2 cells, whereas the region at -80 to -60 responded to EGF/TGF-alpha stimulation. Colforsin 114-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 297-306 8175715-5 1994 The sequence at position -52 to -40 (mLF-CRE) of the gene conferred transcriptional activation in the presence of forskolin, cyclic AMP, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in transiently transfected human endometrium carcinoma RL95-2 cells, whereas the region at -80 to -60 responded to EGF/TGF-alpha stimulation. Cyclic AMP 125-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 297-306 8175715-5 1994 The sequence at position -52 to -40 (mLF-CRE) of the gene conferred transcriptional activation in the presence of forskolin, cyclic AMP, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate in transiently transfected human endometrium carcinoma RL95-2 cells, whereas the region at -80 to -60 responded to EGF/TGF-alpha stimulation. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 141-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 297-306 8080644-9 1994 Heptanol was employed to investigate the role of gap junctions on TGF-alpha-induced oocyte maturation in COC. Heptanol 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 8080644-10 1994 Although heptanol did not have any significant effect in the control medium, heptanol reversed the stimulatory effect of TGF-alpha on porcine oocyte maturation. Heptanol 77-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-130 8175016-5 1994 In both normal OSE cells and HEY cells, TGF alpha acted as a growth promoter: TGF alpha significantly stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of both primary cultures of normal OSE cells (2.7-fold) and of HEY cells (2-fold). Tritium 114-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 8175016-5 1994 In both normal OSE cells and HEY cells, TGF alpha acted as a growth promoter: TGF alpha significantly stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of both primary cultures of normal OSE cells (2.7-fold) and of HEY cells (2-fold). Tritium 114-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8175016-5 1994 In both normal OSE cells and HEY cells, TGF alpha acted as a growth promoter: TGF alpha significantly stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of both primary cultures of normal OSE cells (2.7-fold) and of HEY cells (2-fold). Thymidine 117-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 8175016-5 1994 In both normal OSE cells and HEY cells, TGF alpha acted as a growth promoter: TGF alpha significantly stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of both primary cultures of normal OSE cells (2.7-fold) and of HEY cells (2-fold). Thymidine 117-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8175016-6 1994 This study provides the first demonstration of TGF alpha immunostaining in normal surface epithelial cells and in HEY cells, and suggests that TGF alpha, localized in normal and transformed OSE, is an autocrine growth promoter for these cells. serine O-sulfate 190-193 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-152 7834275-6 1994 More interestingly, the CL only and CL+P groups of individuals differed strongly from each other in their TGFA frequencies (p = 0.0002). cryptolepine 36-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-110 8143931-0 1994 All-trans-retinoic acid and hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) regulate TGF-alpha and Hst-1/kFGF expression in differentiation sensitive but not in resistant human teratocarcinomas. Tretinoin 0-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 8143931-0 1994 All-trans-retinoic acid and hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) regulate TGF-alpha and Hst-1/kFGF expression in differentiation sensitive but not in resistant human teratocarcinomas. hexamethylene bisacetamide 28-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 8143931-0 1994 All-trans-retinoic acid and hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) regulate TGF-alpha and Hst-1/kFGF expression in differentiation sensitive but not in resistant human teratocarcinomas. hexamethylene bisacetamide 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 7808027-6 1994 Autocrine stimulation of human breast cancer cell lines by tgf-alpha, insulin-like growth factors I and II is significantly abrogated by fenretinide. Fenretinide 137-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 7779404-8 1994 The arginine at position 41 is the most critical residue and its full hydrogen-bonding capacity is needed for strong binding of EGF/TGF-alpha to the EGF-receptor. Arginine 4-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 7779404-8 1994 The arginine at position 41 is the most critical residue and its full hydrogen-bonding capacity is needed for strong binding of EGF/TGF-alpha to the EGF-receptor. Hydrogen 70-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 8140119-1 1993 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by amnion cells whereas TGF-beta inhibits the PGE2 production. Dinoprostone 141-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 8286611-6 1993 By contrast, addition of the growth factors transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) completely suppressed the stimulatory effects of FSH on both mRNA levels and androstenedione production, while insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) inhibited only androstenedione production. Androstenedione 240-255 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8286611-6 1993 By contrast, addition of the growth factors transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) completely suppressed the stimulatory effects of FSH on both mRNA levels and androstenedione production, while insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) inhibited only androstenedione production. Androstenedione 326-341 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8263129-5 1993 After 24 h of treatment of ALVA101 cells with DHT (10(-8) M) or T (10(-8) M), TGF-alpha mRNA levels increased 3- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor mRNA levels 2- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Dihydrotestosterone 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 8263129-5 1993 After 24 h of treatment of ALVA101 cells with DHT (10(-8) M) or T (10(-8) M), TGF-alpha mRNA levels increased 3- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor mRNA levels 2- and 1.5-fold, respectively. Dihydrotestosterone 46-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 8263129-7 1993 DHT combined with TGF-alpha or T combined with EGF increased cell number 43% and 40% above control, respectively (P < 0.01 vs. DHT, P < 0.05 vs. TGF-alpha, T, EGF alone). Dihydrotestosterone 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-160 8263129-9 1993 We conclude that DHT and T stimulate synthesis of TGF-alpha and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor mRNAs and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor content in ALVA101 cells. Dihydrotestosterone 17-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 8263129-9 1993 We conclude that DHT and T stimulate synthesis of TGF-alpha and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor mRNAs and EGF/TGF-alpha receptor content in ALVA101 cells. Dihydrotestosterone 17-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 8247529-12 1993 This finding demonstrates that TGF-alpha can inhibit the anti-tumorigenic effects of RA in human TCs. Tretinoin 85-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 8247529-12 1993 This finding demonstrates that TGF-alpha can inhibit the anti-tumorigenic effects of RA in human TCs. Technetium 97-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 7902207-4 1993 The augmented effects of TGF-alpha was abolished by cycloheximide. Cycloheximide 52-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-34 8140119-1 1993 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by amnion cells whereas TGF-beta inhibits the PGE2 production. Dinoprostone 159-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 8140119-1 1993 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production by amnion cells whereas TGF-beta inhibits the PGE2 production. Dinoprostone 222-226 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-129 8140119-6 1993 IL-1 or TNF in combination with EGF or TGF-alpha stimulated synergistically the production of PGE2 by amnion cells. Dinoprostone 94-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 8140119-10 1993 The potentiation of the PGE2-stimulatory effect of IL-1 by TGF-alpha may be related to its ability to induce IL-1 receptors on amnion cells. Dinoprostone 24-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 8269032-5 1993 Relative to conditioned medium from cells grown in the absence of RA, conditioned medium from epidermal cells treated with RA contained increased concentrations of functionally active TGF alpha as determined by radioimmunoassays and radioreceptor assays. Tretinoin 123-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 184-193 8105683-2 1993 Previous studies have confirmed an association of alleles for TGFA with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) in humans. Phosphorus 0-1 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-66 8402632-2 1993 To make a mPEG-modified recombinant toxin that retained cytotoxic activity but had a longer residence time in circulation, we have constructed an altered form of TGF alpha-PE40, a recombinant toxin composed of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) fused to a fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) devoid of its cell-binding domain. monomethoxypolyethylene glycol 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-171 8402632-2 1993 To make a mPEG-modified recombinant toxin that retained cytotoxic activity but had a longer residence time in circulation, we have constructed an altered form of TGF alpha-PE40, a recombinant toxin composed of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) fused to a fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38) devoid of its cell-binding domain. monomethoxypolyethylene glycol 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 250-259 7691764-5 1993 Treatment of HOME cells with GR-12 or GS-01 inhibited both spontaneous and TGF-alpha-stimulated migration. alpha-guaiaconic acid 29-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-84 8269032-6 1993 In addition, we found a marked reduction in the ability of TGF alpha to bind epidermal cells treated with RA. Tretinoin 106-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-68 8269032-7 1993 Decreased TGF alpha binding capacity is thought to be due to the ability of RA to stimulate TGF alpha, thereby resulting in EGF receptor binding and internalization. Tretinoin 76-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 8269032-7 1993 Decreased TGF alpha binding capacity is thought to be due to the ability of RA to stimulate TGF alpha, thereby resulting in EGF receptor binding and internalization. Tretinoin 76-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 8269032-8 1993 These results lead us to speculate that RA is capable of stimulating the secretion of TGF alpha by epidermal cells in vivo. Tretinoin 40-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 8269032-9 1993 TGF alpha may then act in an autocrine manner to mediate the hyperplastic response of the epidermis to topical RA treatment. Tretinoin 111-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8364209-6 1993 However, when a physiologic concentration of Tf-Fe is added to an equimolar concentration of Tf-Ga, significant Fe incorporation is evident despite inhibition of proliferation. Iron 48-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-98 8276130-4 1993 Induction of MD-IGF-1 cells with dexamethasone (DEX) alone triggered a 29.5-fold increase in secretion of recombinant IGF-1 (348.9 vs 11.8 pg/micrograms DNA), and stimulated a 1.7-fold increase in total DNA within 72 h. Growth of MD-IGF-1 cells was enhanced by exogenous IGF-1, insulin, and TGF-alpha. Dexamethasone 33-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 291-300 8276130-4 1993 Induction of MD-IGF-1 cells with dexamethasone (DEX) alone triggered a 29.5-fold increase in secretion of recombinant IGF-1 (348.9 vs 11.8 pg/micrograms DNA), and stimulated a 1.7-fold increase in total DNA within 72 h. Growth of MD-IGF-1 cells was enhanced by exogenous IGF-1, insulin, and TGF-alpha. Dexamethasone 48-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 291-300 8364209-5 1993 Inhibition of proliferation by Tf-Ga is associated with decreased cellular Fe incorporation. Iron 75-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-36 8364209-6 1993 However, when a physiologic concentration of Tf-Fe is added to an equimolar concentration of Tf-Ga, significant Fe incorporation is evident despite inhibition of proliferation. Iron 112-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-98 8360257-2 1993 E2-stimulated expression of endogenous TGF alpha mRNA was inhibited by 4-5-fold, and the production of TGF alpha protein was inhibited by 50-80% when M-1 mass-infected MCF-7 or MZ-1 mass-infected ZR-75-1 cells were treated with 0.75-1 microM CdCl2, whereas in comparably treated parental MCF-7 or ZR-75-1 cells there was no significant effect upon these parameters. Cadmium Chloride 242-247 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-112 8399837-5 1993 While both EGF and TGF alpha blocked the ability of rhFSH to increase P450scc mRNA levels and initiate progesterone production, IGF-I failed to alter P450scc mRNA levels or progesterone production in either the presence or absence of rhFSH. Progesterone 103-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 8360257-5 1993 The ADG and AIG of TGF alpha antisense MD-1 mass-infected MDA-MB-468 cells that express high levels of endogenous TGF alpha mRNA were also inhibited by 1 microM CdCl2, whereas the ADG and AIG of MH-1 mass-infected HS-578T cells, a TGF alpha-negative cell line, were unaffected by CdCl2 treatment. Cadmium Chloride 161-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 8360257-5 1993 The ADG and AIG of TGF alpha antisense MD-1 mass-infected MDA-MB-468 cells that express high levels of endogenous TGF alpha mRNA were also inhibited by 1 microM CdCl2, whereas the ADG and AIG of MH-1 mass-infected HS-578T cells, a TGF alpha-negative cell line, were unaffected by CdCl2 treatment. Cadmium Chloride 161-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 8360257-5 1993 The ADG and AIG of TGF alpha antisense MD-1 mass-infected MDA-MB-468 cells that express high levels of endogenous TGF alpha mRNA were also inhibited by 1 microM CdCl2, whereas the ADG and AIG of MH-1 mass-infected HS-578T cells, a TGF alpha-negative cell line, were unaffected by CdCl2 treatment. Cadmium Chloride 161-166 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 8335403-5 1993 A 50 to 70% inhibition in the production of secreted and cell-associated TGF alpha protein was observed in GEO TGF alpha AS cells that had been maintained in CdCl2-supplemented medium. Cadmium Chloride 158-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 8360485-11 1993 In contrast, exposure to IL-8 sense probes or oligonucleotides in sense or antisense orientation specific for IL-7, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, and MGSA had no such effect. Oligonucleotides 46-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 8398905-2 1993 In contrast to results in certain untransformed cells, growth inhibitors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and N,N-dimethylformamide up-regulated TGF-alpha mRNA and protein expression in these human colon carcinoma cells. Dimethylformamide 132-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-176 8398905-7 1993 In similarity to the results with TGF-beta 1 in WD colon carcinoma cells, the differentiation agent N,N-dimethylformamide (0.7%) resulted in an increase of TGF-alpha mRNA of approximately 3.8-fold in PD colon carcinoma cells, as well as a 4.4-fold increase in TGF-alpha protein after 4 days of treatment. Dimethylformamide 100-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 8398905-7 1993 In similarity to the results with TGF-beta 1 in WD colon carcinoma cells, the differentiation agent N,N-dimethylformamide (0.7%) resulted in an increase of TGF-alpha mRNA of approximately 3.8-fold in PD colon carcinoma cells, as well as a 4.4-fold increase in TGF-alpha protein after 4 days of treatment. Dimethylformamide 100-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 260-269 8371007-10 1993 Progesterone inhibited the E2-induced excretion of pre TGF-alpha in endometrial carcinoma cells. Progesterone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-64 7690546-2 1993 EGF and TGF-alpha induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, but failed to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 or detectable phosphoinositide hydrolysis, as measured by two sensitive assays. Tyrosine 46-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 7690546-2 1993 EGF and TGF-alpha induced a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, in both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, but failed to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 1 or detectable phosphoinositide hydrolysis, as measured by two sensitive assays. Phosphatidylinositols 206-222 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 7690546-7 1993 This apparent modest activation of PKC, in the absence of detectable DAG formation, may have been mediated by arachidonic acid, which was released from keratinocytes in response to TGF-alpha, and has been shown to stimulate PKC activity in vitro. Arachidonic Acid 110-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 181-190 8344211-7 1993 TGF alpha-induced PAc and PAm activities were observed by 6 and 15 h of incubation, respectively, and increased rapidly between 15-21 h. LH (100 ng/ml) attenuated TGF alpha-induced PA activity by 15 h in cultures of granulosa cells from F1 and F3, but not F5-6, follicles. pac 18-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8344211-7 1993 TGF alpha-induced PAc and PAm activities were observed by 6 and 15 h of incubation, respectively, and increased rapidly between 15-21 h. LH (100 ng/ml) attenuated TGF alpha-induced PA activity by 15 h in cultures of granulosa cells from F1 and F3, but not F5-6, follicles. pac 18-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-172 8344211-7 1993 TGF alpha-induced PAc and PAm activities were observed by 6 and 15 h of incubation, respectively, and increased rapidly between 15-21 h. LH (100 ng/ml) attenuated TGF alpha-induced PA activity by 15 h in cultures of granulosa cells from F1 and F3, but not F5-6, follicles. Luteinizing Hormone 137-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8344211-7 1993 TGF alpha-induced PAc and PAm activities were observed by 6 and 15 h of incubation, respectively, and increased rapidly between 15-21 h. LH (100 ng/ml) attenuated TGF alpha-induced PA activity by 15 h in cultures of granulosa cells from F1 and F3, but not F5-6, follicles. Luteinizing Hormone 137-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-172 8344211-9 1993 TGF beta (2-100 ng/ml) stimulated PAc activity in a dose-dependent manner only in cultures of granulosa cells from F5-6 follicles and significantly enhanced TGF alpha-induced PAc and PAm activities in cell cultures from F3 and F5-6, but not F1, follicles. pac 175-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 8344211-12 1993 TGF alpha, however, decreased LH-induced P4 secretion in F1 and F3 cultures. Luteinizing Hormone 30-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8338831-1 1993 Human type-alpha transforming growth factor (hTGF alpha) is a small mitogenic protein containing 50 amino acids and 3 disulfide bonds. Disulfides 118-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-55 8338831-2 1993 Homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectra were used to determine nearly complete sequence-specific 1H and 15N resonance assignments for hTGF alpha under three conditions: pH 6.5 and a temperature of 10 degrees C, pH 6.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C, and pH 3.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C. The 15N-enriched samples of hTGF alpha allowed determination of many 3J(HN-H alpha) vicinal coupling constants. Hydrogen 93-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-140 8338831-2 1993 Homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectra were used to determine nearly complete sequence-specific 1H and 15N resonance assignments for hTGF alpha under three conditions: pH 6.5 and a temperature of 10 degrees C, pH 6.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C, and pH 3.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C. The 15N-enriched samples of hTGF alpha allowed determination of many 3J(HN-H alpha) vicinal coupling constants. 15n 100-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-140 8338831-2 1993 Homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectra were used to determine nearly complete sequence-specific 1H and 15N resonance assignments for hTGF alpha under three conditions: pH 6.5 and a temperature of 10 degrees C, pH 6.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C, and pH 3.5 and a temperature of 30 degrees C. The 15N-enriched samples of hTGF alpha allowed determination of many 3J(HN-H alpha) vicinal coupling constants. 15n 299-302 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-140 8335403-6 1993 Moreover, a growth inhibition of 70% and 50% was observed in CdCl2-treated GEO TGF alpha AS cells under anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent culture conditions, respectively. Cadmium Chloride 61-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 8508397-1 1993 BACKGROUND: The influence of tamoxifen treatment on transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) levels in human breast cancer rarely has been studied in vivo. Tamoxifen 29-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 8508397-6 1993 On the other hand, in the TAM group, TGF-alpha levels in the second FNA samples (2.5 +/- 0.5; mean +/- SEM ng/mg.DNA) were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those in the first (4.5 +/- 0.8). Tamoxifen 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 8508397-7 1993 Studies on the influence of tamoxifen treatment on TGF-alpha levels in ER-negative and PR-negative breast cancer showed that TGF-alpha levels were not affected by tamoxifen treatment. Tamoxifen 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 8508397-9 1993 CONCLUSIONS: Tamoxifen downregulates TGF-alpha levels in ER-positive and PR-positive breast cancers through ER. Tamoxifen 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-46 7686751-1 1993 All the nine common cytokines in this study (including NT-3, IGF-1, CNTF and TGF-alpha) bind noncovalently, yet with different specificities and to different degrees, with both normal alpha 2-macroglobulins (alpha 2M) and monoamine-modified alpha 2M. monoamine 222-231 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-86 8314849-1 1993 The ectodomain of proTGF-alpha, a membrane-anchored growth factor, is converted into soluble TGF-alpha by a regulated cellular proteolytic system that recognizes proTGF-alpha via the C-terminal valine of its cytoplasmic tail. Valine 194-200 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 7686167-4 1993 We examined the effect of retinol treatment on TGF alpha stimulation of two human mammary carcinoma cell lines, one which is growth inhibited by retinol and one which is not. Vitamin A 26-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 7686167-5 1993 Pretreatment of both cell lines for 48 hours with retinol resulted in inhibition of TGF alpha stimulation of growth. Vitamin A 50-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-93 7686167-7 1993 However, TGF alpha-induced stimulation of the EGF receptor substrate, phospholipase C-gamma 1, was abrogated in the T47D cell line with retinol pretreatment. Vitamin A 136-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 7686167-9 1993 These results suggest that pretreatment with retinol decreases cellular proliferation seen with TGF alpha treatment by altering phospholipase C-gamma 1 response and/or EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Vitamin A 45-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 7684248-7 1993 The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein also prevents K8 induction in v-rasHa keratinocytes and in normal keratinocytes treated with TGF-alpha- or v-rasHa-conditioned medium. Genistein 30-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-142 8518231-3 1993 EGF and TGF-alpha stimulated uptake of [3H]-thymidine in cultured cytotrophoblasts from first and second trimester placentae, demonstrating both functional EGFR and the mitogenic ability of either growth factor in these cells. Tritium 40-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 8518231-3 1993 EGF and TGF-alpha stimulated uptake of [3H]-thymidine in cultured cytotrophoblasts from first and second trimester placentae, demonstrating both functional EGFR and the mitogenic ability of either growth factor in these cells. Thymidine 44-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 8482359-8 1993 Phosphotyrosine content was restored to basal levels if elastase treatment was followed by addition of exogenous TGF alpha or EGF. Phosphotyrosine 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 8467499-7 1993 Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Steroids 18-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-58 8467499-7 1993 Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Steroids 18-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 8467499-7 1993 Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Steroids 18-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 8467499-7 1993 Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Dexamethasone 165-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 8467499-7 1993 Consistent with a steroid effect on the level of TGF-alpha production, rather than on its activity, the specific mitogenic activities of the TGF-alpha s secreted by dexamethasone-treated and untreated Con8 cells were identical to that of recombinant human TGF-alpha. Dexamethasone 165-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 8495415-11 1993 Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures. Vitamin A 149-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 8495415-11 1993 Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures. Vitamin A 149-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 8495415-11 1993 Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures. Vitamin A 201-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 8495415-13 1993 These results suggest that vitamin A plays an important regulatory role in the paracrine/autocrine secretion of EGF/TGF-alpha-like mitogen in TBE cell cultures. Vitamin A 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 8495415-13 1993 These results suggest that vitamin A plays an important regulatory role in the paracrine/autocrine secretion of EGF/TGF-alpha-like mitogen in TBE cell cultures. tbe 142-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 8218931-4 1993 Similarly, TGF-alpha synergistically potentiated IL-1 beta stimulated PGE2 formation. Dinoprostone 70-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-20 8096116-6 1993 [1989, Am J Hum Genet, 45:348-353] that TFGA itself or a closely linked gene contributes to the development of CL/P in humans. Phosphorus 114-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-44 8094269-0 1993 Resolving an apparent paradox concerning the role of TGFA in CL/P. Phosphorus 64-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-57 8461522-7 1993 TGF-alpha reduces endothelial cell release of nitric oxide, while TGF-beta appears to protect against reperfusion injury by reducing plasma TGF-alpha levels, blocking neutrophil adherence, and promoting nitric oxide release. Nitric Oxide 46-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 8432738-11 1993 The cycloheximide induced activity peaked after 20 h. Interestingly, cycloheximide alone has previously been shown to potentiate TGF alpha release from a cell line producing its precursor constitutively. Cycloheximide 4-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 8420971-4 1993 This fragment is a monomeric structural domain consisting of 202 amino acid residues (Cys302-Arg503) and 18-kDa sugar chains, and binds EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha). Sugars 112-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-187 8381655-12 1993 We have previously shown that phorbol esters, which decrease the binding of TGF-alpha to PC cells, has an anti-proliferative activity on these tumour cells. Phorbol Esters 30-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 8426908-5 1993 Three fragments containing the third loop domain of TGF alpha (rat TGF alpha 34-43, human TGF alpha 34-43 and human TGF alpha 34-50) all inhibited histamine stimulation with IC50 values 20, 33 and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that of the native molecule. Histamine 147-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 8426908-5 1993 Three fragments containing the third loop domain of TGF alpha (rat TGF alpha 34-43, human TGF alpha 34-43 and human TGF alpha 34-50) all inhibited histamine stimulation with IC50 values 20, 33 and 4-fold higher, respectively, than that of the native molecule. Histamine 147-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 8426908-7 1993 Human TGF alpha was only effective in inhibiting carbachol if incubations were performed in the presence of air rather than 100% O2. Carbachol 49-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 8426908-7 1993 Human TGF alpha was only effective in inhibiting carbachol if incubations were performed in the presence of air rather than 100% O2. Oxygen 129-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-15 8426908-8 1993 In air incubation, all three of the TGF alpha fragments inhibited carbachol stimulation but, in contrast to the effects on histamine, the peptides all were virtually equipotent with the native molecule. Carbachol 66-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-45 8426908-9 1993 The human sequence fragments, like the native human TGF alpha, elicited no inhibition when incubations were performed in the presence of 100% O2. Oxygen 142-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 8426908-10 1993 The results suggest that there are pharmacological differences in the response of isolated parietal cells to TGF alpha-mediated inhibition of histamine and carbachol. Histamine 142-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-118 8426908-10 1993 The results suggest that there are pharmacological differences in the response of isolated parietal cells to TGF alpha-mediated inhibition of histamine and carbachol. Carbachol 156-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-118 8426908-11 1993 In addition, in contrast with previous investigations on the mitogenic action of TGF alpha, third loop fragments of TGF alpha retain the capacity to inhibit aminopyrine accumulation. Aminopyrine 157-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 7528599-2 1993 In this study, binding, internalization and excretion of radiolabelled TGF alpha and TGF alpha-dextran conjugates was analysed in an EGF-receptor rich human glioma cell line. Dextrans 95-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 7528599-5 1993 The excretion pattern of internalized radioactivity was somewhat slower for 125I-TGF alpha-dextran, with 125I-labelling on the TGF alpha part, as compared to 125I-TGF alpha although most of the radioactivity in both cases was excreted within 4 hours. alpha-dextran 85-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-136 7528599-7 1993 Furthermore, by comparison with previously published results, it was seen that the radioactivity delivered through the TGF alpha part of TGF alpha-dextran was retained for a shorter period of time by the cells than when delivered by EGF in EGF-dextran conjugates. Dextrans 147-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 7528599-7 1993 Furthermore, by comparison with previously published results, it was seen that the radioactivity delivered through the TGF alpha part of TGF alpha-dextran was retained for a shorter period of time by the cells than when delivered by EGF in EGF-dextran conjugates. Dextrans 147-154 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-146 7528599-7 1993 Furthermore, by comparison with previously published results, it was seen that the radioactivity delivered through the TGF alpha part of TGF alpha-dextran was retained for a shorter period of time by the cells than when delivered by EGF in EGF-dextran conjugates. Dextrans 244-251 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 7528599-7 1993 Furthermore, by comparison with previously published results, it was seen that the radioactivity delivered through the TGF alpha part of TGF alpha-dextran was retained for a shorter period of time by the cells than when delivered by EGF in EGF-dextran conjugates. Dextrans 244-251 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-146 8432738-11 1993 The cycloheximide induced activity peaked after 20 h. Interestingly, cycloheximide alone has previously been shown to potentiate TGF alpha release from a cell line producing its precursor constitutively. Cycloheximide 69-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 7687782-1 1993 Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) expression was analyzed immunocytochemically on formalin-fixed wax-embedded sections obtained from 24 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens and 76 prostatic carcinoma tissues, 3 human prostatic tumor xenografts, normal kidney, and salivary gland. Formaldehyde 93-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 8464337-6 1993 The TGF-alpha concentration of the acetic acid-extracted malignant effusions assayed by RRA significantly exceeded the value obtained from benign effusions (17.0 +/- 8.7 vs. 9.2 +/- 6.3 ng/ml; mean +/- SD: p < 0.02). Acetic Acid 35-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 1428705-9 1992 Northern hybridization with a 32P-labeled complementary DNA probe for TGF-alpha generated a single intense band at 4.4 kilobases, indicating the presence of TGF-alpha messenger RNA in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Phosphorus-32 30-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 7511269-5 1993 The polyanionic compounds suramin and dextran sulfates which have been shown to inactivate a variety of growth factors e.g. EGF/TGF alpha inhibit growth of LNCaP cells and DU 145 cells in a dose dependent and reversible fashion. polyanionic compounds 4-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 7511269-5 1993 The polyanionic compounds suramin and dextran sulfates which have been shown to inactivate a variety of growth factors e.g. EGF/TGF alpha inhibit growth of LNCaP cells and DU 145 cells in a dose dependent and reversible fashion. Suramin 26-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 7511269-5 1993 The polyanionic compounds suramin and dextran sulfates which have been shown to inactivate a variety of growth factors e.g. EGF/TGF alpha inhibit growth of LNCaP cells and DU 145 cells in a dose dependent and reversible fashion. Dextran Sulfate 38-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-137 7511269-6 1993 Growth stimulation of LNCaP cells by EGF/TGF alpha can be completely reversed by simultaneous addition of polyanions but they inhibit androgen stimulation only partially. polyanions 106-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 1451978-3 1992 During differentiation (spontaneous or butyrate induced), TGF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) levels decreased, whereas the TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Butyrates 39-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-67 1451978-4 1992 TGF-alpha was present in cells as proTGF-alpha, which decreased after butyrate treatment. Butyrates 70-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1451978-7 1992 Conversely, long-term phorbol ester treatment increased both membrane-bound protein kinase C activity (260%) and TGF-alpha mRNA level (500%), a not significant increase of TGF-beta 1 mRNA was observed. Phorbol Esters 22-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-122 1447203-1 1992 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent modulator of epithelial cell growth and differentiation, has been shown to induce transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in cultures of human keratinocytes and in the human keratinocyte cell line, SCC-12F. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-173 1447203-1 1992 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a potent modulator of epithelial cell growth and differentiation, has been shown to induce transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in cultures of human keratinocytes and in the human keratinocyte cell line, SCC-12F. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 37-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-173 1447203-2 1992 In this report, we investigated the mechanisms by which TCDD alters TGF-alpha expression. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 1447203-4 1992 Treatment of SCC-12F cells with TCDD resulted in an increase in TGF-alpha and a reduction in TGF-beta 2 mRNA levels while mRNA levels for TGF-beta 1 were unchanged. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 32-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-73 1447203-6 1992 TCDD treatment resulted in a stabilization of TGF-alpha mRNA as judged by an approximately 2-fold higher level of TGF-alpha mRNA in treated versus control cells in the presence of actinomycin D. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-55 1447203-6 1992 TCDD treatment resulted in a stabilization of TGF-alpha mRNA as judged by an approximately 2-fold higher level of TGF-alpha mRNA in treated versus control cells in the presence of actinomycin D. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 1447203-6 1992 TCDD treatment resulted in a stabilization of TGF-alpha mRNA as judged by an approximately 2-fold higher level of TGF-alpha mRNA in treated versus control cells in the presence of actinomycin D. Dactinomycin 180-193 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-55 1447203-8 1992 These findings demonstrate that the induction of TGF-alpha expression in SCC-12F cells by TCDD occurs post-transcriptionally, primarily by mRNA stabilization, while TGF-beta 2 expression is reduced due to a decrease in the rate of TGF-beta 2 gene transcription. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 90-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-58 1428705-9 1992 Northern hybridization with a 32P-labeled complementary DNA probe for TGF-alpha generated a single intense band at 4.4 kilobases, indicating the presence of TGF-alpha messenger RNA in cultured human corneal epithelial cells. Phosphorus-32 30-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 157-166 1341072-4 1992 We have identified the following biological roles for TGF alpha in the stomach, using a variety of primate and rodent models: inhibition of acid secretion; stimulation of mucous cell growth; protection against ethanol- and aspirin-induced injury. Ethanol 210-217 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 1457828-2 1992 A 23 base anti-sense oligonucleotide that recognizes the TGF alpha mRNA inhibits both DNA synthesis and the proliferation of the colon carcinoma cell line LIM 1215. Oligonucleotides 21-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-66 1457828-3 1992 The effects of the anti-sense TGF alpha oligonucleotide are reversed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) at 20 ng/ml. Oligonucleotides 40-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-39 1457828-4 1992 When the LIM 1215 cells are grown under serum free conditions, the anti-sense TGF alpha oligonucleotides have their greatest effects at high cell density (2 x 10(5) cells/cm2), indicating that the secreted TGF alpha is acting as an exogenous growth stimulus. Oligonucleotides 88-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-87 1457828-4 1992 When the LIM 1215 cells are grown under serum free conditions, the anti-sense TGF alpha oligonucleotides have their greatest effects at high cell density (2 x 10(5) cells/cm2), indicating that the secreted TGF alpha is acting as an exogenous growth stimulus. Oligonucleotides 88-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-215 1457828-6 1992 The cell density dependent activation of the EGF receptor is inhibited by the application of the antisense TGF alpha oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotides 117-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 1341072-4 1992 We have identified the following biological roles for TGF alpha in the stomach, using a variety of primate and rodent models: inhibition of acid secretion; stimulation of mucous cell growth; protection against ethanol- and aspirin-induced injury. Aspirin 223-230 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 1419600-6 1992 In the presence of oestradiol, the effects of bFGF and TGF-alpha were additive whereas bFGF acted as an IGF-I antagonist. Estradiol 19-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-64 1390737-4 1992 Visualization of these four regions on three-dimensional solution phase structures of hTGF alpha, derived from 1H NMR measurements [Kline, T.-P., Brown, F.K., Brown, S.C., Jeffs, P.W., Kopple, K.D., & Mueller, L. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 7805-7813], indicated that the peptide segments are located on a single face of the protein and suggested the presence of a potential receptor binding cavity. Hydrogen 111-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-96 1390737-6 1992 For example, the observed conformational flexibility in the six NMR-derived hTGF alpha structures due to variations in the main-chain torsion angles of Val-33, in combination with the involvement of residues from both domains in the proposed binding cavity, may imply that receptor activation results from interdomain reorientation in the protein ligand. Valine 152-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-86 1434284-7 1992 The combined effect of EGF and TGF alpha was shown to be cooperative with testosterone. Testosterone 74-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1325266-3 1992 METHODS: The expression of TGF-alpha and its relation to the HBV antigens were evaluated in human HCC and adjacent nontumorous livers from 33 patients from the United States and China using immunoperoxidase staining of paraffin-embedded sections. Paraffin 219-227 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-36 1380648-3 1992 TGF-alpha mRNA accumulated, however, in response to DNA demethylation induced by a nucleoside analog, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC). Nucleosides 83-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1380648-3 1992 TGF-alpha mRNA accumulated, however, in response to DNA demethylation induced by a nucleoside analog, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC). Azacitidine 102-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1380648-3 1992 TGF-alpha mRNA accumulated, however, in response to DNA demethylation induced by a nucleoside analog, 5-azacytidine (5-azaC). Azacitidine 117-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1380648-7 1992 Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, enhanced formation of protein-TGF-alpha promoter complex was detected in response to 5-azaC treatment. Azacitidine 132-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-86 1380648-8 1992 This 5-azaC-induced complex was shown to contain the transcription factor Sp1 by the following criteria: the protein-DNA complex formed on the TGF-alpha promoter contained immunoreactive Sp1; the mobility of the complex in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay was similar to that formed by recombinant Sp1; and DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that the 5-azaC-induced complex produced a footprint on the TGF-alpha promoter identical to that of authentic Sp1. Azacitidine 5-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-152 1380648-8 1992 This 5-azaC-induced complex was shown to contain the transcription factor Sp1 by the following criteria: the protein-DNA complex formed on the TGF-alpha promoter contained immunoreactive Sp1; the mobility of the complex in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay was similar to that formed by recombinant Sp1; and DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that the 5-azaC-induced complex produced a footprint on the TGF-alpha promoter identical to that of authentic Sp1. Azacitidine 5-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 417-426 1380648-8 1992 This 5-azaC-induced complex was shown to contain the transcription factor Sp1 by the following criteria: the protein-DNA complex formed on the TGF-alpha promoter contained immunoreactive Sp1; the mobility of the complex in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay was similar to that formed by recombinant Sp1; and DNase I footprinting analysis demonstrated that the 5-azaC-induced complex produced a footprint on the TGF-alpha promoter identical to that of authentic Sp1. Azacitidine 366-372 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 143-152 1380648-9 1992 These observations suggest that 5-azaC induces TGF-alpha expression by augmenting the Sp1 activity. Azacitidine 32-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-56 1419600-3 1992 Oestradiol increased the response of cells to the proliferative effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Estradiol 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 1327011-6 1992 Gonadal steroids involved in the control of LHRH secretion increased TGF-alpha mRNA levels. Steroids 8-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-78 1394117-0 1992 TGF-alpha and IGF-I effects on calcium ion transients in human breast cancer cells. Calcium 31-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1520295-1 1992 Three crystal forms of human recombinant TGF-alpha have been grown from solutions containing 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. hexylene glycol 93-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-50 1380804-9 1992 TE1-induced tube formation of HOME cells was specifically blocked by co-administration of anti-TGF-alpha-antibody, but not by anti-bFGF-antibody. TE1 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-104 1512230-6 1992 Deletion of 2, 4, or 7 amino acids from the amino terminus of PE37/TGF-alpha greatly diminished cytotoxic activity, indicating the need for a proper amino-terminal sequence. 2, 4, or 7 amino acids 12-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-76 1421058-5 1992 It is known that the secretion of TGF-alpha may be enhanced appreciably by agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum factors and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 90-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 1421058-5 1992 It is known that the secretion of TGF-alpha may be enhanced appreciably by agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum factors and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 123-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 1534540-3 1992 Estradiol treatment resulted in induction of TGF alpha mRNA in anterior pituitary, evident by 48 h, preceding actual macroscopic growth, which attained a maximum greater than 500% by 12 weeks. Estradiol 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-54 1322575-6 1992 In cells cotreated with TCDD plus 100 ng/ml insulin or 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol, EGF, TGF-alpha and IGF-I, TCDD caused a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and [3H]thymidine uptake. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 106-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 1322575-6 1992 In cells cotreated with TCDD plus 100 ng/ml insulin or 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol, EGF, TGF-alpha and IGF-I, TCDD caused a concentration-dependent decrease in cell proliferation and [3H]thymidine uptake. Tritium 180-182 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 1322575-7 1992 For example, at a 10 nM concentration of TCDD there was a 32, 45, 29, 25 and 32% decrease in the 17 beta-estradiol, TGF-alpha, EGF, IGF-I and insulin-induced cell growth, respectively. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 41-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-125 1601524-3 1992 Studies of 125I-2"-deoxyuridine incorporation in cultures given graded doses of hydrocortisone (HC), cholera toxin (CT), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) showed that though MCF-10T had become almost independent on exogenous EGF and TGF-alpha, they continued to respond to the synergistic effect of HC and CT plus EGF. 125i-2"-deoxyuridine 11-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 190-199 1419897-4 1992 In human keratinocytes, but not in LIM 1215 cells, the increase in steady-state TGF-alpha mRNA following administration of TGF-alpha is due to stabilization of the 4.8-kilobase TGF-alpha transcript, as determined by actinomycin D decay curves. Dactinomycin 216-229 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 1419897-4 1992 In human keratinocytes, but not in LIM 1215 cells, the increase in steady-state TGF-alpha mRNA following administration of TGF-alpha is due to stabilization of the 4.8-kilobase TGF-alpha transcript, as determined by actinomycin D decay curves. Dactinomycin 216-229 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 1419897-4 1992 In human keratinocytes, but not in LIM 1215 cells, the increase in steady-state TGF-alpha mRNA following administration of TGF-alpha is due to stabilization of the 4.8-kilobase TGF-alpha transcript, as determined by actinomycin D decay curves. Dactinomycin 216-229 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 196-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 196-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 196-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 244-246 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 244-246 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1419897-6 1992 Basal and TGF-alpha-stimulated TGF-alpha expression is mediated, at least in part, through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in both cell types, as determined by the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7), which attenuates TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation. 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine 244-246 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1319834-1 1992 Exposure of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells to estradiol results in an increase in transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) synthesis and secretion. Estradiol 44-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-123 1319834-2 1992 Since TGF-alpha is a potent inducer of proliferation in MCF-7 cells, the increase in TGF-alpha production by estradiol is thought to play an important role in the estrogen stimulation of growth of these cells. Estradiol 109-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-94 1319834-4 1992 Addition of retinoic acid resulted in a greater than 70% inhibition of estradiol-induced TGF-alpha synthesis and secretion in MCF-7 cells. Tretinoin 12-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 1319834-4 1992 Addition of retinoic acid resulted in a greater than 70% inhibition of estradiol-induced TGF-alpha synthesis and secretion in MCF-7 cells. Estradiol 71-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 1319834-5 1992 The increase in TGF-alpha mRNA expression by estradiol was also inhibited by exposure of the cells to retinoic acid. Tretinoin 102-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 16-25 1319834-6 1992 Pretreatment of the cells with retinoic acid for 24 or 72 h caused more than 50 and 90% inhibition, respectively, of the estradiol-enhanced expression of TGF-alpha mRNA. Tretinoin 31-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 154-163 1319834-12 1992 These results indicate that retinoic acid can inhibit estradiol-induced TGF-alpha and pS2 mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. Tretinoin 28-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 1319834-12 1992 These results indicate that retinoic acid can inhibit estradiol-induced TGF-alpha and pS2 mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells. Estradiol 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 1319834-13 1992 The suppression of TGF-alpha expression may represent one possible mechanism by which retinoic acid antagonizes the stimulation of MCF-7 proliferation by estradiol. Estradiol 154-163 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 1612116-1 1992 Since 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-stimulated growth in human breast cancer cell lines has been shown to be accompanied by increased production of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and their receptor, we investigated the effects of E2 and these growth factors on the growth of human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) in primary culture. Estradiol 9-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-218 1534540-6 1992 D2 receptor activation by its agonist bromocriptine resulted in marked attenuation of TGF alpha mRNA preceding regression of growth. Bromocriptine 38-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-95 1534540-9 1992 Estradiol also induced uterine TGF alpha mRNA and marked growth of the organ, but TGF alpha in this location was not regulated by dopamine. Estradiol 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-40 1616874-8 1992 OHTam lowered the levels of both mRNA species, although the effect was greater on TGF-beta than TGF-alpha mRNA. ohtam 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 1428535-1 1992 The putative receptor-binding region of human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) has been shown to be contributed by two fragments: an A-chain (residue 12-18) and a 17-residue carboxyl fragment (residue 34-50) that includes a disulfide-containing C-loop (residue 34-43). Disulfides 236-245 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 1524218-5 1992 Suramin inhibited [125I]-TGF alpha binding (IC50 = 0.20 mM). Suramin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-34 1524218-6 1992 The ether lipids 1-O-hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, and rac-lyso-platelet activating factor inhibited TGF alpha binding (IC50 values of 49, 69, and 57 microM, respectively). 1-o-hexadecyl-2-o-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine 17-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 175-184 1572907-5 1992 Tyrosine phosphorylation and TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation in response to EGF and TGF-alpha were both inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against the EGF receptor and by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor RG50864, demonstrating the involvement of the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor in TGF-alpha autoinduction. Tyrosine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 1572907-3 1992 Antiphosphotyrosine immunoblot analysis demonstrated that EGF and TGF-alpha rapidly and markedly stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of a 170 kDa protein in growth factor-deprived keratinocytes. Tyrosine 11-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-75 1572907-5 1992 Tyrosine phosphorylation and TGF-alpha mRNA accumulation in response to EGF and TGF-alpha were both inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against the EGF receptor and by the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor RG50864, demonstrating the involvement of the tyrosine kinase activity of the receptor in TGF-alpha autoinduction. Tyrosine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 1572907-7 1992 TGF-alpha and the PKC activator tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate (TPA) had similar effects on TGF-alpha steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that PKC activation might be a downstream mediator of TGF-alpha autoinduction. tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate 32-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 1314863-0 1992 Anthralin decreases keratinocyte TGF-alpha expression and EGF-receptor binding in vitro. Anthralin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-42 1314863-7 1992 Northern analysis of anthralin-treated keratinocytes demonstrated a marked decrease in TGF-alpha mRNA expression. Anthralin 21-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 1572907-7 1992 TGF-alpha and the PKC activator tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate (TPA) had similar effects on TGF-alpha steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that PKC activation might be a downstream mediator of TGF-alpha autoinduction. tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate 32-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 1572907-7 1992 TGF-alpha and the PKC activator tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate (TPA) had similar effects on TGF-alpha steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that PKC activation might be a downstream mediator of TGF-alpha autoinduction. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 79-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 1572907-7 1992 TGF-alpha and the PKC activator tetradecanoyl phorbol 12-myristyl, 13-acetate (TPA) had similar effects on TGF-alpha steady-state mRNA levels, suggesting that PKC activation might be a downstream mediator of TGF-alpha autoinduction. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 79-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-116 1572907-8 1992 However, down-regulation of more than 90% of keratinocyte PKC activity by bryostatin pretreatment abrogated the induction of TGF-alpha mRNA in response to TPA without affecting the autoinductive response or EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Bryostatins 74-84 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 1572907-8 1992 However, down-regulation of more than 90% of keratinocyte PKC activity by bryostatin pretreatment abrogated the induction of TGF-alpha mRNA in response to TPA without affecting the autoinductive response or EGF-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 155-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-134 1567383-4 1992 An analysis of biological activity using as assays radioreceptor binding competition and colony formation in soft agar showed that the following mutations destroy the activity of TGF-alpha: Gly-19 to Val, Val-33 to Pro and Gly-40 to Val. Agar 114-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-188 1422086-6 1992 Because the mechanism of growth inhibition could not involve an inhibition of TGF-alpha expression, it was concluded that Lipofectin probably exerts a nonspecific, detergent-like effect upon the cell membrane, producing an enhancement of TGF-alpha processing and release. 1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine 122-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 238-247 1567383-4 1992 An analysis of biological activity using as assays radioreceptor binding competition and colony formation in soft agar showed that the following mutations destroy the activity of TGF-alpha: Gly-19 to Val, Val-33 to Pro and Gly-40 to Val. Valine 200-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-188 1346399-2 1992 We studied the influence of keratinocyte mitogens such as transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and somatomedin-C (SM-C) on the ligand binding of 32P-labeled IFN-gamma to cultured keratinocytes derived from normal appearing adult human skin. Phosphorus-32 185-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 1551100-9 1992 Under these culture conditions, estradiol had no effect on cell proliferation or TGF-alpha mRNA levels but increased TGF-alpha secretion. Estradiol 32-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-126 1551100-10 1992 In medium supplemented with 1% ctFBS, estradiol increased cell proliferation and TGF-alpha mRNA (2.72-fold, P less than 0.005) and TGF-alpha secretion (700 +/- 156 versus 250 +/- 23 pg/10(6) cells/24 h, P less than 0.05), whereas OH-TAM, which also stimulated cell proliferation, reduced TGF-alpha mRNA abundance (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on TGF-alpha secretion. ctfbs 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-90 1551100-10 1992 In medium supplemented with 1% ctFBS, estradiol increased cell proliferation and TGF-alpha mRNA (2.72-fold, P less than 0.005) and TGF-alpha secretion (700 +/- 156 versus 250 +/- 23 pg/10(6) cells/24 h, P less than 0.05), whereas OH-TAM, which also stimulated cell proliferation, reduced TGF-alpha mRNA abundance (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on TGF-alpha secretion. ctfbs 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-140 1551100-10 1992 In medium supplemented with 1% ctFBS, estradiol increased cell proliferation and TGF-alpha mRNA (2.72-fold, P less than 0.005) and TGF-alpha secretion (700 +/- 156 versus 250 +/- 23 pg/10(6) cells/24 h, P less than 0.05), whereas OH-TAM, which also stimulated cell proliferation, reduced TGF-alpha mRNA abundance (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on TGF-alpha secretion. ctfbs 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-140 1551100-10 1992 In medium supplemented with 1% ctFBS, estradiol increased cell proliferation and TGF-alpha mRNA (2.72-fold, P less than 0.005) and TGF-alpha secretion (700 +/- 156 versus 250 +/- 23 pg/10(6) cells/24 h, P less than 0.05), whereas OH-TAM, which also stimulated cell proliferation, reduced TGF-alpha mRNA abundance (P less than 0.05) but had no significant effect on TGF-alpha secretion. ctfbs 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-140 1737378-1 1992 We investigated the effects of a benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate (KM2210) and chlorambucil on growth, estrogen receptor, and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in the hormone-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Benzoates 33-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-192 1737378-1 1992 We investigated the effects of a benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate (KM2210) and chlorambucil on growth, estrogen receptor, and secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha in the hormone-dependent human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Estradiol 48-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-192 1532902-1 1992 We have examined the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) on the cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta genes in Ishikawa cells and HEC-50 human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 32-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-155 1532902-1 1992 We have examined the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) on the cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta genes in Ishikawa cells and HEC-50 human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. hydroxytamoxifen 70-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-155 1532902-1 1992 We have examined the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OH-TAM) on the cell proliferation and the expression of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta genes in Ishikawa cells and HEC-50 human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. oh-tam 90-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-155 1532902-6 1992 In Ishikawa cells, a reduction in TGF-alpha mRNA abundance was observed with OH-TAM under conditions where both inhibition and stimulation of cell proliferation were demonstrated. oh-tam 77-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 1639209-4 1992 Preliminary characterisation has excluded EGF and TGF alpha, and demonstrated that the activity is bound reversibly by heparin-Sepharose, thus pointing to a member of the heparin-binding fibroblast- or hepatocyte-growth factor families. Sepharose 127-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 1791840-1 1991 Expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA and protein can be stimulated by estrogens such as 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in estrogen-responsive rodent and human breast cancer cells. Estradiol 115-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-57 1341235-4 1992 H322a, H226b, H460a, and H596b cells showed stimulated [3H]thymidine (Thd) uptake in response to TGF-alpha. 3h]thymidine 56-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 1341235-4 1992 H322a, H226b, H460a, and H596b cells showed stimulated [3H]thymidine (Thd) uptake in response to TGF-alpha. Thiamine 70-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 1341235-8 1992 The anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody AB-3 inhibited the uptake of [3H]Thd by proliferating H322a and H226b cells but not H460a and H596b cells. Tritium 69-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 1341235-8 1992 The anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody AB-3 inhibited the uptake of [3H]Thd by proliferating H322a and H226b cells but not H460a and H596b cells. Thiamine 72-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 1334440-0 1992 The effects of TGF-alpha and 17 beta-estradiol on polyphosphoinositide metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates 50-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-24 1333777-7 1992 In addition, we showed that AR, like EGF or TGF-alpha stimulated the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) on tyrosine residues. Tyrosine 136-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-53 1933884-6 1991 Phosphoamino acid analysis of the immunoprecipitated EGF receptor indicated that EGF exerted a greater effect than TGF-alpha on tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor. Tyrosine 128-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-124 1933884-7 1991 EGF and TGF-alpha also exhibited different potencies with respect to their effects on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation and exerted divergent effects on the kinetics of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 86-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 1933884-7 1991 EGF and TGF-alpha also exhibited different potencies with respect to their effects on inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generation and exerted divergent effects on the kinetics of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 175-203 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-17 1730598-8 1992 Infrared experiments showed that the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate is much higher for TGF-alpha than for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is a more flexible molecule. Hydrogen 37-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 1730598-8 1992 Infrared experiments showed that the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate is much higher for TGF-alpha than for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is a more flexible molecule. Hydrogen 37-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 1730598-8 1992 Infrared experiments showed that the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate is much higher for TGF-alpha than for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is a more flexible molecule. Deuterium 46-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 1730598-8 1992 Infrared experiments showed that the hydrogen-deuterium exchange rate is much higher for TGF-alpha than for EGF, indicating that TGF-alpha is a more flexible molecule. Deuterium 46-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-138 1730598-9 1992 The rate of reduction of the disulfide bonds by dithiothreitol was also faster for TGF-alpha. Disulfides 29-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 1730598-9 1992 The rate of reduction of the disulfide bonds by dithiothreitol was also faster for TGF-alpha. Dithiothreitol 48-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-92 1813068-8 1991 We conclude that IGFs and TGF-alpha are important mediators of E2-stimulated MCF-7 cell growth in soft agar. Agar 103-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-35 1718591-3 1991 Northern blot analysis in polyadenylated RNA isolated from cells by using 32P-labeled pre-TGF alpha, EGRF, and prepro-EGF complementary DNAs as probes revealed that pre-TGF alpha and EGFR but not prepro-EGF gene transcripts were expressed in the cell. Phosphorus-32 74-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 1718591-3 1991 Northern blot analysis in polyadenylated RNA isolated from cells by using 32P-labeled pre-TGF alpha, EGRF, and prepro-EGF complementary DNAs as probes revealed that pre-TGF alpha and EGFR but not prepro-EGF gene transcripts were expressed in the cell. Phosphorus-32 74-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 169-178 1833051-1 1991 In an attempt to understand the antiproliferative effects of progestins in endometrial cancer, we have examined the effects of the potent progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), on the cell proliferation and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha and beta genes in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines. Medroxyprogesterone Acetate 149-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 232-270 1918012-11 1991 The diminished progestin responsiveness of RA-pretreated cells was confirmed in separate experiments which showed that the progestin inducibility of TGF-alpha mRNA was also decreased in cells treated with ORG 2058 following pretreatment with RA for 24 h. These data demonstrate that RA decreases PR mRNA concentrations by direct transcriptional inhibition, leading to decreased cellular PR concentrations. Tretinoin 43-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 1918012-11 1991 The diminished progestin responsiveness of RA-pretreated cells was confirmed in separate experiments which showed that the progestin inducibility of TGF-alpha mRNA was also decreased in cells treated with ORG 2058 following pretreatment with RA for 24 h. These data demonstrate that RA decreases PR mRNA concentrations by direct transcriptional inhibition, leading to decreased cellular PR concentrations. Tretinoin 242-244 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 1918012-11 1991 The diminished progestin responsiveness of RA-pretreated cells was confirmed in separate experiments which showed that the progestin inducibility of TGF-alpha mRNA was also decreased in cells treated with ORG 2058 following pretreatment with RA for 24 h. These data demonstrate that RA decreases PR mRNA concentrations by direct transcriptional inhibition, leading to decreased cellular PR concentrations. Tretinoin 242-244 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-158 1717146-8 1991 In primary cultures from EGFR (+) cancers, TGF alpha added to the culture medium stimulated the [3H]thymidine incorporation dose dependently. Tritium 97-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-52 1717146-8 1991 In primary cultures from EGFR (+) cancers, TGF alpha added to the culture medium stimulated the [3H]thymidine incorporation dose dependently. Thymidine 100-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-52 1717146-9 1991 Moreover, the addition of mAbs against TGF alpha and EGFR but not EGF inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation dose dependently in EGFR(+) cancer cells. Thymidine 84-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 1717146-9 1991 Moreover, the addition of mAbs against TGF alpha and EGFR but not EGF inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation dose dependently in EGFR(+) cancer cells. Tritium 81-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 2072905-8 1991 In addition, the EGF receptor was found to be phosphorylated on tyrosine in LIM 1215 cells proliferating at high density, suggesting that the autocrine production of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) and subsequent ligation to the EGF receptor was occurring. Tyrosine 64-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 200-209 1761367-1 1991 The receptor-recognition site human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), a 50-residue tricyclic peptide with three disulfide bonds, was mapped by a set of 46 peptide analogs consisting of linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic structures representing individual and overlapping subdomains of human TGF alpha. Peptides 105-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 1761367-1 1991 The receptor-recognition site human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha), a 50-residue tricyclic peptide with three disulfide bonds, was mapped by a set of 46 peptide analogs consisting of linear, monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic structures representing individual and overlapping subdomains of human TGF alpha. Disulfides 124-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-79 2072905-9 1991 The proliferation of cells at high density was partly inhibited by TGF alpha antibodies but was almost completely inhibited by an antisense oligonucleotide to TGF alpha. Oligonucleotides 140-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-168 2072905-10 1991 The antisense inhibition could be overcome by the addition of EGF, indicating that the effect of the antisense TGF alpha oligonucleotide was on the production of autocrine TGF alpha. Oligonucleotides 121-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-120 2072905-10 1991 The antisense inhibition could be overcome by the addition of EGF, indicating that the effect of the antisense TGF alpha oligonucleotide was on the production of autocrine TGF alpha. Oligonucleotides 121-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-181 2056586-0 1991 Inhibition of prostatic tumor cell proliferation by suramin: alterations in TGF alpha-mediated autocrine growth regulation and cell cycle distribution. Suramin 52-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 1744452-4 1991 In contrast, EGF is more efficient than TGF-alpha with respect to EGF receptor downregulation and tyrosine phosphorylation in T3M4 cells. Tyrosine 98-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 1905331-6 1991 Hydrocortisone decreased the expression of both IL-1 alpha and TGF alpha mRNA in keratinocytes. Hydrocortisone 0-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 2056586-3 1991 The present studies were designed to evaluate the ability of suramin to inhibit PC3 and DU145 proliferation by interfering with TGFa-mediated autocrine growth. Suramin 61-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-132 2056586-7 1991 Suramin also interfered with TGFa-mediated growth mechanisms. Suramin 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-33 2056586-8 1991 Specifically, suramin reduced the specific binding of TGFa to PC3 and DU145 cells. Suramin 14-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-58 2056586-9 1991 Additionally, the inhibitory effect of suramin on DU145 was reversed by cultivation of cells in the presence of excess TGFa. Suramin 39-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-123 2056586-9 1991 Additionally, the inhibitory effect of suramin on DU145 was reversed by cultivation of cells in the presence of excess TGFa. du145 50-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-123 2056586-11 1991 These studies show that the inhibitory effect of suramin on PC3 and DU145 cell growth is mediated, in part, by alteration of TGFa-mediated autocrine growth mechanisms and cell cycle kinetics. Suramin 49-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-129 2033054-2 1991 Exposure of cultured human keratinocytes to TCDD, resulted in a time-dependent dioxin-specific Ah receptor-mediated release of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) into the culture medium. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 44-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-170 1682059-4 1991 Thymidine labelling index (TLI) and PCNA expression produced similar results with both indices increased in response to I/H/CT, EGF and TGF-alpha. Thymidine 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-145 2033054-3 1991 Cultures exposed to TCDD showed a rate of TGF-alpha secretion into the medium of about 30 fmol/ml/day, as well as a 3- to 6-fold increase in TGF-alpha mRNA expression. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 20-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-51 2033054-3 1991 Cultures exposed to TCDD showed a rate of TGF-alpha secretion into the medium of about 30 fmol/ml/day, as well as a 3- to 6-fold increase in TGF-alpha mRNA expression. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 20-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 2033054-4 1991 Increased production of TGF-alpha in human keratinocytes exposed to TCDD demonstrates a modulation of autocrine regulation in those cells. Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins 68-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-33 2033054-5 1991 These results suggest that induction of TGF-alpha could be an important part of the mechanism of dioxin-mediated toxicity and tumor promotion. Dioxins 97-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 1922084-4 1991 We now report that a 313-basepair (bp) proximal element of the TGF alpha 5"-flanking region (-373 to -59 relative to the TGF alpha translation start codon) is capable of conferring responses to phorbol ester and EGF. Phorbol Esters 194-207 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-72 1912611-0 1991 Polyamine involvement in the secretion and action of TGF-alpha in hormone sensitive human breast cancer cells in culture. Polyamines 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-62 1912611-1 1991 These experiments were designed to test polyamine (PA) involvement in the secretion and action of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in hormone responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells in liquid culture. Polyamines 40-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 1912611-1 1991 These experiments were designed to test polyamine (PA) involvement in the secretion and action of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in hormone responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cells in liquid culture. Polyamines 51-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-141 1912611-2 1991 At the same time, we evaluated the influence of culture conditions (with serum vs. serum depleted) and subclonality of MCF-7 cells on PA involvement in estrogen (E2) and TGF-alpha stimulated cell proliferation. Polyamines 134-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 170-179 1912611-4 1991 In the same experiments, on the other hand, addition of DFMO completely blocked the growth stimulatory effect of exogenous TGF-alpha. Eflornithine 56-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 1912611-5 1991 However, when the culture conditions were changed to serum-free medium, TGF-alpha and E2-induced cell proliferation was affected modestly or not at all by DFMO administration, despite similar suppression of cellular ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and PA levels. Eflornithine 155-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-81 1849125-7 1991 Our findings suggest that erbstatin may act as a growth inhibitor for human gastric-carcinoma cells and may not only inhibit tyrosine kinase activities but also negatively modulate the post-transcriptional step of TGF-alpha expression. erbstatin 26-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 214-223 1922084-4 1991 We now report that a 313-basepair (bp) proximal element of the TGF alpha 5"-flanking region (-373 to -59 relative to the TGF alpha translation start codon) is capable of conferring responses to phorbol ester and EGF. Phorbol Esters 194-207 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-130 2175562-7 1990 The adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response to PTH-related protein, PTH, prostaglandin E2 or forskolin, but not to pertussis toxin, was diminished in cells treated with TGF-alpha for 24 h. Similar effects on Na-dependent Pi transport and cAMP production were observed in cells incubated with epidermal growth factor. Cyclic AMP 4-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2009597-4 1991 Here we report the successful cloning of the hamster TGF-alpha cDNA from a hamster oral cancer cell line (HCPC-1) by the polymerase chain reaction technique using synthetic oligonucleotide primers based on human TGF-alpha cDNA sequence. Oligonucleotides 173-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-62 1850725-8 1991 8-Cl-cAMP decreased the expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), while the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor was not changed. 8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 81-90 1850725-10 1991 Our results overall suggest that 8-Cl-cAMP might be a useful tool for antitumor therapy of gastric cancers and that cell growth inhibition by 8-Cl-cAMP might account for the decrease of TGF-alpha expression by tumor cells. 8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate 142-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-195 1999476-3 1991 The addition of EGF, TGF alpha, or aFGF reversed heparin-induced growth inhibition, while bFGF partially negated this effect. Heparin 49-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-30 1794134-5 1991 Analysis indicated a median TGF-alpha value of 981 ng/g urinary creatinine for urine samples from cancer patients (range 608 to 1737) and 642 ng/g creatinine (range 417 to 941) for control urine samples. Creatinine 64-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 1886882-3 1991 TGF-alpha mRNA levels were quantitated by densitometric analysis of autoradiographs obtained following hybridization of size-fractionated cytoplasmic RNA with 32P-labeled cRNA coding for human TGF-alpha. Phosphorus-32 159-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1886882-3 1991 TGF-alpha mRNA levels were quantitated by densitometric analysis of autoradiographs obtained following hybridization of size-fractionated cytoplasmic RNA with 32P-labeled cRNA coding for human TGF-alpha. Phosphorus-32 159-162 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-202 1886882-6 1991 The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mimicked the actions of EGF and TGF-alpha. Dactinomycin 30-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 1886882-6 1991 The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mimicked the actions of EGF and TGF-alpha. Phorbol Esters 60-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 1886882-6 1991 The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mimicked the actions of EGF and TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 75-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 1886882-6 1991 The transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D (Act D) and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), mimicked the actions of EGF and TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 114-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-161 1992446-4 1991 The low mitogenicity of EGF and TGF-alpha for KS cells is not based upon a reduced expression of EGF receptor mRNA and protein in KS cells. Potassium 46-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 2175562-7 1990 The adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response to PTH-related protein, PTH, prostaglandin E2 or forskolin, but not to pertussis toxin, was diminished in cells treated with TGF-alpha for 24 h. Similar effects on Na-dependent Pi transport and cAMP production were observed in cells incubated with epidermal growth factor. Cyclic AMP 251-255 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2175562-7 1990 The adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response to PTH-related protein, PTH, prostaglandin E2 or forskolin, but not to pertussis toxin, was diminished in cells treated with TGF-alpha for 24 h. Similar effects on Na-dependent Pi transport and cAMP production were observed in cells incubated with epidermal growth factor. Cyclic AMP 42-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2175562-7 1990 The adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response to PTH-related protein, PTH, prostaglandin E2 or forskolin, but not to pertussis toxin, was diminished in cells treated with TGF-alpha for 24 h. Similar effects on Na-dependent Pi transport and cAMP production were observed in cells incubated with epidermal growth factor. Dinoprostone 86-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2175562-7 1990 The adenosine 3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) response to PTH-related protein, PTH, prostaglandin E2 or forskolin, but not to pertussis toxin, was diminished in cells treated with TGF-alpha for 24 h. Similar effects on Na-dependent Pi transport and cAMP production were observed in cells incubated with epidermal growth factor. Colforsin 106-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2218496-3 1990 An antibody to EGFR abolished the tyrosine phosphorylation induced by EGF and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) but only partially blocked that produced by gp30 in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cells. Tyrosine 34-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-121 2088454-1 1990 Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a 50-amino-acid mitogenic peptide that is structurally and, in some cases, functionally related to members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family of peptides. amino 53-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 2283681-8 1990 Down-regulation of PKC by overnight incubation with 0.1 or 1 microM TPA produced the converse effect, namely prolonged Ca2+ entry following stimulation with EGF or TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 68-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 164-173 2283681-10 1990 Addition of EGF or TGF-alpha resulted in Ca2+ release and Mn2+ entry. Manganese(2+) 58-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-28 2283681-13 1990 A431 cells treated with higher concentrations of TPA (5 x 10(-8) M) inhibited not only Ca2+ entry but also Ca2+ release due to EGF/TGF-alpha but had no effect on bradykinin-mediated Ca2+ release, suggesting differences in the regulation of the intracellular stores responsive to these two classes of agonists. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 49-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-140 2393857-8 1990 Progression to steroid autonomy in T-47-D cells was accompanied by an upregulation of transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha, TGF beta 1, and TGF beta 2 mRNA. Steroids 15-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-124 2119582-2 1990 The mature TGF beta molecule is a 25 kDa protein composed of two 12.5 kDa monomers linked by disulfide bonds. Disulfides 93-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 1698444-2 1990 We have used the radio-immunoassay method to measure the specific content of immunoreactive TGF-alpha in the acid ethanol extracts of normal and cancerous tissues of human colon and lung. Ethanol 114-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-101 1981145-10 1990 TGF alpha-infected MCF-10A cells secrete 15- to 20-fold more TGF alpha protein than MCF-10A cells, form colonies in soft agar, exhibit an enhanced growth rate in serum-free medium, and show a decreased mitogenic response to exogenous EGF or TGF alpha at a level equivalent to Ha-ras-transformed MCF-10A cells. Agar 121-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 1981145-11 1990 Growth of TGF alpha-infected MCF-10A cells in soft agar is completely inhibited by anti-TGF alpha neutralizing or anti-EGF receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies. Agar 51-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 1981145-11 1990 Growth of TGF alpha-infected MCF-10A cells in soft agar is completely inhibited by anti-TGF alpha neutralizing or anti-EGF receptor blocking monoclonal antibodies. Agar 51-55 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 2241946-2 1990 We now show that MAb 425 blocks TGF alpha-induced second messenger signals, namely inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate and Ca2+ in two carcinoma cell lines, A 431 and SW-948. Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 83-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 2283681-5 1990 Low concentrations of TPA (2 x 10(-10) M) had no effect on Ca2+ release due to EGF, TGR-alpha or bradykinin but resulted in a rapid return of [Ca2+]i to baseline levels for EGF or TGF-alpha. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 22-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-189 1974861-12 1990 In addition, the expression of the messages for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was examined in butyrate-treated cells. Butyrates 156-164 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 2261437-1 1990 The 600-MHz 1H NMR spectrum of the des-Val-Val mutant of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was reassigned at pH = 6.3. Hydrogen 12-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 2261437-1 1990 The 600-MHz 1H NMR spectrum of the des-Val-Val mutant of human transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was reassigned at pH = 6.3. des-val-val 35-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-106 2392327-7 1990 At high cell density, where paracrine as well as autocrine effects of these growth factors would be evident, TGF alpha transfectants displayed at least as high or higher levels of EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine phosphorylation than preproEGF transfectants. Tyrosine 200-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-118 2115447-9 1990 Our data point to the importance of the C-terminal dipeptide, Leu49-Ala50 of TGF-alpha in terms of the binding affinity and intrinsic activity of this polypeptide; and our work provides further evidence for the distinct nature of the EGF-URO/TGF-alpha receptor system present in the CM bioassay preparation. Dipeptides 51-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-86 2103504-3 1990 In cells derived from anterior pituitary glands, another site of TGF alpha expression, TGF alpha secretion and mRNA levels can be regulated by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 143-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-74 2103504-3 1990 In cells derived from anterior pituitary glands, another site of TGF alpha expression, TGF alpha secretion and mRNA levels can be regulated by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 143-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-96 2103504-4 1990 The expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, which is also the TGF alpha receptor, is also stimulated by phorbol esters. Phorbol Esters 122-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-89 1980764-9 1990 The spontaneous 3H-thymidine uptake by DLD-1 was suppressed by an anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody. 3h-thymidine 16-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 2158037-5 1990 Three growth factors were markedly down-regulated following RA treatment: Hst-1/kFGF and TGF-alpha expression became undetectable by Northern analysis and bFGF expression was substantially reduced. Tretinoin 60-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-98 2173938-1 1990 Studies were conducted with chicken granulosa cells to evaluate the relative efficacy of human recombinant transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) versus murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) to affect cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and progesterone production stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) or steroid output induced by a cAMP analogue, and to modulate plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Cyclic AMP 206-236 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 2173938-1 1990 Studies were conducted with chicken granulosa cells to evaluate the relative efficacy of human recombinant transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) versus murine epidermal growth factor (EGF) to affect cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and progesterone production stimulated by luteinizing hormone (LH) or steroid output induced by a cAMP analogue, and to modulate plasminogen activator (PA) activity. Cyclic AMP 238-242 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-150 2173938-2 1990 Increasing concentrations of EGF (33-328 nM) and TGF alpha (0.04-18 nM) were found to inhibit cAMP formation stimulated by LH in a dose-dependent manner, with calculated half-maximal inhibitory doses (ID50"s) of 97.1 and 0.27 nM, respectively. Cyclic AMP 94-98 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-58 2173938-2 1990 Increasing concentrations of EGF (33-328 nM) and TGF alpha (0.04-18 nM) were found to inhibit cAMP formation stimulated by LH in a dose-dependent manner, with calculated half-maximal inhibitory doses (ID50"s) of 97.1 and 0.27 nM, respectively. Luteinizing Hormone 123-125 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-58 2173938-3 1990 Similarly, a 470-fold difference in the ability of TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.13 nM) versus EGF (ID50 = 61.3 nM) to half-maximally suppress LH-induced progesterone production was observed in the same cells. Luteinizing Hormone 133-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 2173938-3 1990 Similarly, a 470-fold difference in the ability of TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.13 nM) versus EGF (ID50 = 61.3 nM) to half-maximally suppress LH-induced progesterone production was observed in the same cells. Progesterone 144-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-60 2108945-7 1990 Moreover, anti-EGF and anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibodies inhibited the spontaneous 3H-TdR uptake by gastric carcinoma cells. Tritium 86-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 2334912-4 1990 Both the secretion of TGF-alpha from MCF-7 into the conditioned medium and the PR content of MCF-7 were decreased by 48 h treatment with 10 micrograms/ml ET-18-OCH3. et-18 154-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-31 2334912-6 1990 These results suggest that the reduction of estrogen receptor level induced by ET-18-OCH3 resulted in decreases in both the secretion of TGF-alpha and the content of PR in MCF-7, and these effects are specific to ET-18-OCH3. edelfosine 79-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-146 2334912-6 1990 These results suggest that the reduction of estrogen receptor level induced by ET-18-OCH3 resulted in decreases in both the secretion of TGF-alpha and the content of PR in MCF-7, and these effects are specific to ET-18-OCH3. edelfosine 213-223 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-146 2302227-9 1990 Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor from cells treated with TGF-alpha decreased more rapidly following removal of TGF-alpha compared to cells treated similarly with EGF. Tyrosine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 65-74 2302227-9 1990 Tyrosine phosphorylation of EGF receptor from cells treated with TGF-alpha decreased more rapidly following removal of TGF-alpha compared to cells treated similarly with EGF. Tyrosine 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 119-128 2298497-7 1990 Furthermore, anti-EGF (KEM-10) and anti-TGF-alpha (WA-3) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited spontaneous uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) by TE-1 cells which expressed EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA and protein. Tritiated thymidine 118-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 2298497-7 1990 Furthermore, anti-EGF (KEM-10) and anti-TGF-alpha (WA-3) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited spontaneous uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) by TE-1 cells which expressed EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA and protein. Tritiated thymidine 118-137 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2298497-7 1990 Furthermore, anti-EGF (KEM-10) and anti-TGF-alpha (WA-3) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited spontaneous uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) by TE-1 cells which expressed EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA and protein. Tritium 139-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-49 2298497-7 1990 Furthermore, anti-EGF (KEM-10) and anti-TGF-alpha (WA-3) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) inhibited spontaneous uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) by TE-1 cells which expressed EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA and protein. Tritium 139-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-191 2152769-12 1990 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate also reduced the binding of 125I-TGF-alpha, but not 125I-IGF-I, to PC cells. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 0-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-80 2152769-15 1990 Further, the inhibition of PC cell growth by phorbol ester could be, at least partly, due to the decreased binding of TGF-alpha to the cells. pc 27-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-127 2152769-15 1990 Further, the inhibition of PC cell growth by phorbol ester could be, at least partly, due to the decreased binding of TGF-alpha to the cells. Phorbol Esters 45-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-127 2173938-4 1990 Progesterone production stimulated by a cAMP analogue (8-bromo-cAMP, 1 mM) was also attenuated by EGF (ID50 = 75.9 nM) and TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.08 nM), suggesting a post-cAMP site of inhibition by these growth factors on steroidogenesis. Progesterone 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 2173938-4 1990 Progesterone production stimulated by a cAMP analogue (8-bromo-cAMP, 1 mM) was also attenuated by EGF (ID50 = 75.9 nM) and TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.08 nM), suggesting a post-cAMP site of inhibition by these growth factors on steroidogenesis. Cyclic AMP 40-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 2173938-4 1990 Progesterone production stimulated by a cAMP analogue (8-bromo-cAMP, 1 mM) was also attenuated by EGF (ID50 = 75.9 nM) and TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.08 nM), suggesting a post-cAMP site of inhibition by these growth factors on steroidogenesis. 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate 55-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 2173938-4 1990 Progesterone production stimulated by a cAMP analogue (8-bromo-cAMP, 1 mM) was also attenuated by EGF (ID50 = 75.9 nM) and TGF alpha (ID50 = 0.08 nM), suggesting a post-cAMP site of inhibition by these growth factors on steroidogenesis. Cyclic AMP 63-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-132 2157713-13 1990 8-Cl-cAMP, which inhibits expression of oncogenes and TGF alpha, may be useful not only for cancer therapy but also for the study of cell differentiation. 8-chloro-cyclic adenosine monophosphate 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 2320376-0 1990 Retinoic acid causes a decline in TGF-alpha expression, cloning efficiency, and tumorigenicity in a human embryonal cancer cell line. Tretinoin 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-43 2320376-6 1990 The addition of TGF-alpha or EGF (epidermal growth factor) protein to RA-untreated NT2/D1 cells augments soft agar cloning under limited fetal calf serum conditions. Agar 110-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 16-25 2320376-8 1990 We conclude that TGF-alpha expression inversely correlates with the state of RA-induced differentiation of this human teratocarcinoma cell and that TGF-alpha and EGF proteins are stimulatory growth factors in NT2/D1 cells under these culture conditions. Tretinoin 77-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 3502224-3 1987 Homologous regions contain six residues that correspond to the six cysteine residues of EGF and TGF-alpha that form disulphide bond mediated loop structures. Cysteine 67-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 3502224-3 1987 Homologous regions contain six residues that correspond to the six cysteine residues of EGF and TGF-alpha that form disulphide bond mediated loop structures. disulphide 116-126 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 33774033-0 2021 Can polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate Polycystic Ovary Syndrome via TGF-beta signalling? Fatty Acids, Unsaturated 4-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 33771646-0 2021 Calcium channel blockers lercanidipine and amlodipine inhibit YY1/ERK/TGF-beta mediated transcription and sensitize the gastric cancer cells to doxorubicin. Calcium 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33771646-0 2021 Calcium channel blockers lercanidipine and amlodipine inhibit YY1/ERK/TGF-beta mediated transcription and sensitize the gastric cancer cells to doxorubicin. lercanidipine 25-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33771646-0 2021 Calcium channel blockers lercanidipine and amlodipine inhibit YY1/ERK/TGF-beta mediated transcription and sensitize the gastric cancer cells to doxorubicin. Amlodipine 43-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33771646-5 2021 While doxorubicin was identified to activate the pathways TGF-beta and ERK/MAPK, lercanidipinewas found to inhibit these pathways. Doxorubicin 6-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 33771646-5 2021 While doxorubicin was identified to activate the pathways TGF-beta and ERK/MAPK, lercanidipinewas found to inhibit these pathways. lercanidipinewas 81-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 33771646-7 2021 In multiple cellular models from different lineages, the cells with less sensitivity to doxorubicin were found to have the inherent activation of ERK/MAPK and TGF-beta pathways. Doxorubicin 88-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 33812073-6 2021 Moreover, CuS-ATMi@TGF-beta NPs specifically target tumors and thereby significantly inhibit tumor growth on contribution to synergistic low-temperature PTT and chemotherapy. Bialaphos 153-156 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 33813027-10 2021 In addition, PA compounds downregulated the expression of VCAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFa, VEGFR2, TGF-beta, and IL-1beta, in inflamed ECs. Protactinium 13-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 33767438-7 2021 Inhibition of BCL9/BCL9L and TGF-beta suppresses activity of Treg. treg 61-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 33942489-8 2021 Our data demonstrate that both T2DM and high-glucose potentiate the TGF-beta pathway. Glucose 45-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 33823905-5 2021 Based upon a wealth of preclinical studies, the TGF-beta pathway has been pharmacologically targeted using small molecule inhibitors, TGF-beta-directed chimeric monoclonal antibodies, ligand traps, antisense oligonucleotides and vaccines that have been now evaluated in clinical trials. Oligonucleotides 208-224 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 33974136-8 2021 In normal human lung epithelial cells, treatment with TSA and Quisinostat increased expression of LSR and CLDN-2 and decreased that of CLDN-1 with or without TGF-beta in 2D culture. trichostatin A 54-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 158-166 33941245-4 2021 Given the functional resemblance, we propose that ROS-mediated processes converge with the spatial and temporal activation of TGFbeta signalling and thereby differentially impact early tumour growth versus metastatic dissemination. Reactive Oxygen Species 50-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-133 33941245-6 2021 In this article, we revisit the interplay of canonical and non-canonical TGFbeta signalling with ROS throughout pancreatic tumorigenesis and metastasis. Reactive Oxygen Species 97-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-80 33763605-9 2021 Moreover, thalidomide altered the expression of the genes involved in TGF-beta signaling, limb formation, and multiple myeloma, which are related to thalidomide-induced malformations and medication. Thalidomide 10-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33806778-7 2021 Such an enhancement effect on RuV infectivity was abolished using LY364947 or SB431542, inhibitors of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Ly-364947 66-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 33806778-7 2021 Such an enhancement effect on RuV infectivity was abolished using LY364947 or SB431542, inhibitors of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 78-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 33824697-0 2021 NOX4-Derived ROS Promotes Collagen I Deposition in Bronchial Smooth Muscle Cells by Activating Noncanonical p38MAPK/Akt-Mediated TGF-beta Signaling. Reactive Oxygen Species 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 33763605-9 2021 Moreover, thalidomide altered the expression of the genes involved in TGF-beta signaling, limb formation, and multiple myeloma, which are related to thalidomide-induced malformations and medication. Thalidomide 149-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 33799801-0 2021 Isoliquiritigenin Reverses Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Modulation of the TGF-beta/Smad Signaling Pathway in Endometrial Cancer. isoliquiritigenin 0-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-95 33777154-0 2021 Antitumor Effects of Baicalein and Its Mechanism via TGFbeta Pathway in Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells. baicalein 21-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-60 33234595-7 2021 Correspondingly, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling, which is the upstream pathway of EMT, was impaired by ppGalNAc-T4 expression. ppgalnac 125-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 33777154-3 2021 The present study aimed to screen the inhibitor of TGFbeta pathway from natural flavonoids and evaluate the function and mechanism of the TGFbeta pathway inhibitor on cervical cancer. Flavonoids 80-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-58 33777154-8 2021 Results: Screening data by western blot assay showed that baicalein displayed the best inhibitor effect on TGFbeta expression. baicalein 58-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-114 33777154-12 2021 The use of SB431542, a TGFbeta inhibitor, revealed that TGFbeta was crucial to baicalein-regulating cell proliferation and migration in HeLa cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 11-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-30 33777154-12 2021 The use of SB431542, a TGFbeta inhibitor, revealed that TGFbeta was crucial to baicalein-regulating cell proliferation and migration in HeLa cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 11-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-63 33777154-13 2021 Conclusion: Baicalein, a medicine agent screened from natural flavonoids targeting TGFbeta pathway, could suppress mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated cell proliferation and EMT pathway-related migration via TGFbeta pathway in cervical cancer HeLa cells. baicalein 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-90 33777154-13 2021 Conclusion: Baicalein, a medicine agent screened from natural flavonoids targeting TGFbeta pathway, could suppress mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated cell proliferation and EMT pathway-related migration via TGFbeta pathway in cervical cancer HeLa cells. baicalein 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-208 33799992-5 2021 RESULTS: Several effects of clodronate have been observed in animal models of OA, including depletion of synovial lining cells that results in reduced production of chemokines (IL-1, TNF- alpha), growth factors (TGF-beta, BMP 2/4), and metalloproteases (MMP 2/3/9); prevention of cartilage damage, synovial hyperplasia, and proteoglycans loss; reduction in joint inflammation, joint swelling, and osteophyte formation. Clodronic Acid 28-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. Serine 99-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. Serine 133-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. Threonine 106-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. Serine 133-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. alphas 206-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33814453-7 2021 Also, activin/TGFbeta signal through type II and type I receptors, both of which are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, and the serine/threonine phosphorylation of APs, including Abeta 42 serine 8 and alphaS serine 129, may confer pathological significance in neurodegenerative diseases. Serine 133-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-21 33777154-13 2021 Conclusion: Baicalein, a medicine agent screened from natural flavonoids targeting TGFbeta pathway, could suppress mTOR/p70S6K pathway-mediated cell proliferation and EMT pathway-related migration via TGFbeta pathway in cervical cancer HeLa cells. Flavonoids 62-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-90 33806499-0 2021 Targeted Delivery of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) Activator Cinaciguat to Renal Mesangial Cells via Virus-Mimetic Nanoparticles Potentiates Anti-Fibrotic Effects by cGMP-Mediated Suppression of the TGF-beta Pathway. BAY 58-2667 63-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 201-209 33235622-7 2021 In the pathway analysis, the two most significantly enriched pathways were the TGF-beta signaling pathway for upregulated mRNAs and the pentose phosphate pathway for downregulated mRNAs. Pentosephosphates 136-153 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 33235235-2 2020 We previously reported dexamethasone enhanced the pro-fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta as a potential mechanism for inconsistent clinical outcomes. Dexamethasone 23-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-111 33235235-10 2020 RNA-seq results confirmed numerous pathways, including TGF-beta signaling, affected by dexamethasone. Dexamethasone 87-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 33234595-8 2021 ppGalNAc-T4 knock-out decreased O-GalNAc modification of TGF-beta type I and II receptor (TbetaR I and II) and led to the elevation of TGF-beta receptor dimerization and activity. ppgalnac 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 33234595-8 2021 ppGalNAc-T4 knock-out decreased O-GalNAc modification of TGF-beta type I and II receptor (TbetaR I and II) and led to the elevation of TGF-beta receptor dimerization and activity. o-galnac 32-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 33234595-11 2021 The O-GalNAc-deficient S31A mutation enhanced TGF-beta signaling activity and EMT in breast cancer cells. o-galnac 4-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 33234595-12 2021 Together, these results identified a novel mechanism of ppGalNAc-T4-catalyzed TGF-beta receptors O-GalNAcylation that suppresses breast cancer cell migration and invasion via the EMT process. ppgalnac-t4 56-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 33235436-0 2020 Chrysophanol Inhibits the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy via Inactivation of TGF-beta Pathway. chrysophanic acid 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 33033523-0 2020 MiR-135-5p inhibits TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis by targeting SMAD3 in breast cancer. mir-135-5p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 33033523-6 2020 Gain- and loss-of-function assays indicated that overexpression of miR-135-5p inhibited TGF-beta-mediated EMT and BC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. mir-135-5p 67-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 33033523-9 2020 Taken together, we clarified that miR-135-5p suppressed TGF-beta-mediated EMT and BC metastasis by negatively regulating SMAD3 and TGF-beta/SMAD signaling. mir-135-5p 34-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-64 33033523-9 2020 Taken together, we clarified that miR-135-5p suppressed TGF-beta-mediated EMT and BC metastasis by negatively regulating SMAD3 and TGF-beta/SMAD signaling. mir-135-5p 34-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-139 34455321-5 2022 Besides, fish oil constituents, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. Fish Oils 9-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-223 32796906-9 2020 Overall, these results provide novel insights into the molecular basis underlying the proliferation process that CEnC re-activate in vitro, consolidating the role of beta-catenin and TGF-beta. cenc 113-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 183-191 34455321-5 2022 Besides, fish oil constituents, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. Fatty Acids, Unsaturated 40-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-223 34455321-5 2022 Besides, fish oil constituents, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), regulate various signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa B pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathway, and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor (PPAR) pathways. Fatty Acids, Unsaturated 69-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-223 34823789-0 2022 Novel pectin-like polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng attenuates renal tubular cells fibrogenesis induced by TGF-beta. Polysaccharides 18-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 34702507-0 2022 Corrigendum to Gamabufotalin suppressed osteosarcoma stem cells through the TGF-beta/periostin/PI3K/AKT pathway (Chem. gamabufotalin 15-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 34919970-9 2022 The levels of TGF-beta at week 12 could be used as an early index to predict a functional cure (AUC=0.818) as well as the levels of HBsAg itself (AUC=0.882) in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients treated with PEGylated interferon. pegylated interferon 217-237 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 34919970-10 2022 CONCLUSIONS: The levels of serum TGF-beta were significantly associated with HBsAg loss but not with HBeAg seroconversion and could be used as an early index to predict a functional cure in CHB patients treated with PEGylated interferon. pegylated interferon 216-236 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 34944770-0 2021 Butyrate Protects against Diet-Induced NASH and Liver Fibrosis and Suppresses Specific Non-Canonical TGF-beta Signaling Pathways in Human Hepatic Stellate Cells. Butyrates 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-109 34468828-0 2022 Lobeglitazone attenuates fibrosis in corneal fibroblasts by interrupting TGF-beta-mediated Smad signaling. lobeglitazone 0-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 34939316-9 2022 Curcumin reduced the expression of the genes analysed, especially MMP-9, TGF-beta and collagen I. Curcumin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 34939316-10 2022 Moreover, curcumin inhibited the HRV-induced expression of MMP-9, TGF-beta, collagen I and LTC4S (p < 0.05). Curcumin 10-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 34958117-0 2021 Downregulation of miR-485-3p promotes proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer through activation of TGF-beta signaling. mir-485-3p 18-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 34687772-0 2021 Chronic cadmium exposure induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells through a TGF-beta-independent, endoplasmic reticulum stress induced pathway. Cadmium 8-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 34944071-8 2021 TGFbeta inhibitor SB505124 was less efficient in inhibiting EndMT in venous endothelial cells exposed to disturbed flow. 2-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine hydrochloride 18-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 34846137-0 2021 Poly(allylguanidine)-Coated Surfaces Regulate TGF-beta in Glioblastoma Cells to Induce Apoptosis via NF-kappaB Pathway Activation. poly(allylguanidine) 0-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 34846137-6 2021 Furthermore, GBM8901 cells exposed to the PAG coating exhibited increased levels of phospho-p65 and phosphor-IkappaB, implying that GBM8901 cells underwent apoptotic cell death via the NF-kappaB pathway by the regulation of TGF-beta. pag 42-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 224-232 34687772-7 2021 These findings indicated a new TGF-beta independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Reactive Oxygen Species 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34687772-7 2021 These findings indicated a new TGF-beta independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Cadmium 110-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34687772-7 2021 These findings indicated a new TGF-beta independent, ROS-mediated ER stress/Smad signaling pathway in chronic Cd exposure-induced EMT of prostate cancer cells, which could be a novel mechanism involved in cadmium-mediated cancer cells malignant transformation. Cadmium 205-212 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34897916-0 2022 PolyI:C attenuates TGF-beta signaling to induce cytostasis of surrounding cells by secreted factors in triple-negative breast cancer. Poly I-C 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 34907286-6 2021 The integrative analysis confirmed that the average expression of EGFR ligands (AREG, EREG, HBEGF, TGFA, and EPGN) is associated with osimertinib sensitivity. osimertinib 134-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-103 34947927-6 2021 MDZ inhibited transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-induced cancer cell proliferation of both A549 and MCF-7 cells. Midazolam 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 34947927-8 2021 Inhibition of PBR by PK11195 rescued the MDZ-inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that MDZ worked through PBR to inhibit TGF-beta pathway. PK 11195 21-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 34947927-8 2021 Inhibition of PBR by PK11195 rescued the MDZ-inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that MDZ worked through PBR to inhibit TGF-beta pathway. Midazolam 41-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 34947927-8 2021 Inhibition of PBR by PK11195 rescued the MDZ-inhibited cell proliferation, suggesting that MDZ worked through PBR to inhibit TGF-beta pathway. Midazolam 91-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 34950665-0 2021 Corrigendum: Melatonin Promotes the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating TGF-beta Pathway. Melatonin 13-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 34955881-9 2021 Additionally, miR-423-5p could be functionally involved in the occurrence and development of BAV and its complication BAVAD by regulating TGF-beta signaling. bavad 118-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-146 34875724-6 2022 The combination treatment could not only suppress tumor growth, but also significantly reduced tumor metastasis compared with treatments with DOX or Ce6 through regulating EMT pathway, TGFbeta pathway, angiogenesis and the hypoxia pathway. Doxorubicin 142-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-192 34875724-6 2022 The combination treatment could not only suppress tumor growth, but also significantly reduced tumor metastasis compared with treatments with DOX or Ce6 through regulating EMT pathway, TGFbeta pathway, angiogenesis and the hypoxia pathway. phytochlorin 149-152 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-192 34944486-12 2021 Molecularly, GSEA demonstrated highly expressed PLOD2 was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT), TGF-beta signaling and hypoxia pathway, which are associated with poor clinical outcomes of OSCC patients. gsea 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 34944824-5 2021 Somewhat unexpectedly, TGFbeta treatment resulted in an increase in intracellular levels of retinoic acid (RA) that in turn resulted in increased levels of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including fibronectin (FN) and collagen (COL1). Tretinoin 92-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-30 34880217-5 2021 In this work, we show that CTHRC1/GPR180 signalling integrates into the TGFbeta signalling as an alternative axis to fine-tune and achieve low-grade activation of the pathway to prevent pathophysiological response while contributing to control of glucose and energy metabolism. Glucose 247-254 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-79 34947978-3 2021 TGF-beta can regulate the production of ROS unambiguously or downregulate antioxidant systems. Reactive Oxygen Species 40-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34947978-4 2021 ROS can influence TGF-beta signaling by enhancing its expression and activation. Reactive Oxygen Species 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 34947978-7 2021 Thus, both TGF-beta and ROS can develop a robust relationship in cancer cells to augment their malignancy. Reactive Oxygen Species 24-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 34848464-8 2021 CONCLUSION: CTAB attenuates the mesenchymal characteristics through upregulation of TIMP3 by inhibiting the canonical TGF-beta/Smad/miR-181b/TIMP3 signaling involved in extracellular matrix remodeling in SCC4 cells and might be a promising anti-metastatic therapeutic agent for TSCC. Cetrimonium 12-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 34908844-0 2021 M2-Type Macrophages Induce Tregs Generation by Activating the TGF-beta/Smad Signalling Pathway to Promote Colorectal Cancer Development. tregs 27-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34908844-12 2021 Conclusion: M2-type macrophages may induce Tregs generation through activation of the TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway, which can promote the development of colorectal cancer. tregs 43-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 34917354-2 2022 Vitamin D receptor (VDR) can play a tumor suppressor role by helping the precise function of vitamin D in cells such as modulation TGF-beta signaling pathway. Vitamin D 93-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-139 34738040-5 2021 The interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 levels in fetal blood and liver tissue as well as the myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) mRNA levels in the fetal liver were decreased (P < 0.05) by the NCG or RP-Arg supplementation compared to the RES treatment. Arginine 295-298 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 172-179 34738040-6 2021 Similarly, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, MyD88, TGFbeta, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein levels in the fetal liver were reduced (P < 0.05) in the NCG and RP-Arg -supplemented groups compared to the RES group. Arginine 171-174 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-57 33754901-3 2021 Here, heparin-coupled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-H) microspheres have been developed as an adsorbent for selectively remove tumour-induced immunosuppressive cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which has an immune-stimulating effect and can inhibit tumour growth. Heparin 6-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 251-259 33754901-3 2021 Here, heparin-coupled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-H) microspheres have been developed as an adsorbent for selectively remove tumour-induced immunosuppressive cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which has an immune-stimulating effect and can inhibit tumour growth. Polyvinyl Alcohol 22-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 251-259 34848464-0 2021 Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Disrupts Mesenchymal Characteristics of Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC4 Cells Through Modulating Canonical TGF-beta/Smad/miR-181b/TIMP3 Signaling Pathway. Cetrimonium 0-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-156 34116604-9 2021 GSEA analysis for risk subgroups showed WNT and TGF-beta signaling pathways were involved in regulation of BC progression in high risk level group. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 33754901-3 2021 Here, heparin-coupled polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-H) microspheres have been developed as an adsorbent for selectively remove tumour-induced immunosuppressive cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), but not tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) which has an immune-stimulating effect and can inhibit tumour growth. sulfated polyvinyl alcohol 41-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 251-259 34643152-0 2021 25(OH)-Vitamin D alleviates neonatal infectious pneumonia via regulating TGFbeta-mediated nuclear translocation mechanism of YAP/TAZ. 25(oh) 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-80 34281463-5 2021 Firstly, the decreased cell viability, elevated release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and excessively released inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF)-beta in bronchial BEAS-2B epithelial cells induced by stimulation with LPS were significantly reversed by the introduction of Telmisartan. Telmisartan 366-377 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-244 34519263-11 2021 We further demonstrated that UCB-MSC-CM inhibited the TGF-beta/Smad signaling in H2O2-treated L02 cells by the miR-486-5p/PIM1 axis. Hydrogen Peroxide 81-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-62 34643152-0 2021 25(OH)-Vitamin D alleviates neonatal infectious pneumonia via regulating TGFbeta-mediated nuclear translocation mechanism of YAP/TAZ. Vitamin D 7-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-80 34643152-9 2021 The anti-inflammatory mechanism in NIP was achieved due to the 25-OH-VD mediating TGFbeta/YAP/TAZ pathway, which suggested that using 25-OH-VD might be a potential strategy for NIP treatment. 25-oh-vd 63-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-89 34747309-1 2021 In order to study whether microRNA miR-30a inhibits the autophagy through transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad4 to generate cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer cells. mir-30a 35-42 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-111 34794237-10 2021 TGF-beta-induced upregulation of KCa2.3, KCa3.1, collagen, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and downregulation of catalase were reversed by modafinil, polyethylene glycol catalase, N-acetylcysteine, siRNA against KCa2.3 or KCa3.1, and Epac inhibitors. Modafinil 137-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34747309-1 2021 In order to study whether microRNA miR-30a inhibits the autophagy through transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad4 to generate cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cisplatin 130-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-111 34747309-1 2021 In order to study whether microRNA miR-30a inhibits the autophagy through transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad4 to generate cisplatin (DDP) resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Cisplatin 141-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-111 34747309-6 2021 Expression of miR-30a was significantly decreased while expressions of TGF-beta and Smad4 mRNA were increased in serum of ovarian cancer patients after DDP chemotherapy as well as in DDP-resistant cells. Cisplatin 152-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 34747309-6 2021 Expression of miR-30a was significantly decreased while expressions of TGF-beta and Smad4 mRNA were increased in serum of ovarian cancer patients after DDP chemotherapy as well as in DDP-resistant cells. Cisplatin 183-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 34794237-10 2021 TGF-beta-induced upregulation of KCa2.3, KCa3.1, collagen, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and downregulation of catalase were reversed by modafinil, polyethylene glycol catalase, N-acetylcysteine, siRNA against KCa2.3 or KCa3.1, and Epac inhibitors. Acetylcysteine 178-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34794237-10 2021 TGF-beta-induced upregulation of KCa2.3, KCa3.1, collagen, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and downregulation of catalase were reversed by modafinil, polyethylene glycol catalase, N-acetylcysteine, siRNA against KCa2.3 or KCa3.1, and Epac inhibitors. Polyethylene Glycols 148-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34529833-5 2021 Mechanistically, PGE2 -EP2/EP4 signalling interrupts TGF-beta signalling during iTreg differentiation. Dinoprostone 17-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 34563639-2 2021 In the presence of TGFbeta, rapamycin induces G1 cell cycle arrest; however, in the absence of TGFbeta, cells do not arrest in G1 and progress into S-phase where rapamycin is cytotoxic rather than cytostatic. Sirolimus 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-26 34822854-0 2021 Artesunate inhibits the development of PVR by suppressing the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Artesunate 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34529833-0 2021 Prostaglandin E2 directly inhibits the conversion of inducible regulatory T cells through EP2 and EP4 receptors via antagonizing TGF-beta signalling. Dinoprostone 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 129-137 34635390-0 2021 Role of TGF-beta signaling in the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance. Tamoxifen 48-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 8-16 34635390-3 2021 Tamoxifen is the most commonly prescribed antiestrogen that functionally involved in regulation of TGF-beta activity. Tamoxifen 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 34635390-4 2021 In this review, we focus on the role of TGF-beta signaling in the mechanisms of tamoxifen resistance, including its interaction with estrogen receptors alfa (ERalpha) pathway and breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Tamoxifen 80-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 34635390-5 2021 We summarize the current reported data regarding TGF-beta signaling components as markers of tamoxifen resistance and review current approaches to overcoming tamoxifen resistance based on studies of TGF-beta signaling. Tamoxifen 93-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-57 34742854-0 2021 ROS/TGF-beta signal mediated accumulation of SOX4 in OA-FLS promotes cell senescence. Reactive Oxygen Species 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 4-12 34742854-7 2021 We also verified the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TGF-beta signal in the induction of OA-FLS senescence. Reactive Oxygen Species 29-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 34742854-7 2021 We also verified the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/TGF-beta signal in the induction of OA-FLS senescence. Reactive Oxygen Species 54-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 34529833-4 2021 We found that TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 expression and iTreg cell differentiation in vitro is markedly inhibited by PGE2 , which was mediated by the receptors EP2 and EP4. Dinoprostone 113-117 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 34653732-7 2021 Significant increases in serum TGF-beta and IL-10 were seen in nanocurcumin group compared with baseline (P < 0.001) and placebo group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). nanocurcumin 63-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34455605-12 2021 However, TGF-beta signaling inhibition with SB431542 (4 muM) or SB505124 (47 and 129 nM) failed to attenuate the effect of Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in hDPs. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 44-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-17 34688667-9 2021 These data provide a biochemical mechanism by which CD4+ T cells integrate TCR, TGF-beta, and IL-6 signals via generation of alternate SMAD3 complexes that control the development of early signaling networks to potentiate the choice of Treg versus Th17 cell fate. treg 236-240 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 34463913-7 2021 The cytostatic effects of TGF-beta were evaluated by cell cycle analysis, BrdU labeling, and SA-beta-Gal assay. Bromodeoxyuridine 74-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 34783198-10 2021 Overexpression of miR-411-3p inhibited the expression of collagen, F-actin and the TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway factors in BLM-induced skin fibrosis and fibroblasts. mir-411-3p 18-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 34783198-13 2021 We demonstrated that miR-411-3p exerts antifibrotic effects by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad signalling pathway via targeting of Smurf2 in skin fibrosis. mir-411-3p 21-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 34893099-7 2021 CONCLUSION: CML imatinib resistance is associated with oxidative phosphorylation, during which the pathway of TGF-beta and mTOR are significantly up-regulated. Imatinib Mesylate 16-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34643247-12 2021 Notably, transfection with miR-373-3p inhibitor rescued sh-TGF-beta-R2-suppressed cell proliferation and migration. mir-373-3p 27-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 34601265-2 2021 We investigated the species-specific effect of helminths on frequency and TGF-beta producing capacity of Tregs, and possible connection to TB disease severity. tregs 105-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 34601265-4 2021 Clinical disease severity was graded by TB score, and flow cytometry used to characterize Treg frequency and functionality measured as their TGF-beta-producing capacity. treg 90-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-149 34893116-15 2021 The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-beta in supernatant decreased significantly after GJ inhibitor 18alpha-GA was added. Gallium 105-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 34884593-6 2021 We suggest the pleiotropic mechanism of SB203580 on FMT impairment in HBF populations by the diminishing of TGF-beta/Smad signaling activation and disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton architecture along with the maturation of focal adhesion sites. SB 203580 40-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 34856488-0 2021 Endosulfan promotes cell proliferation and extracellular matrix accumulation through TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway in HRMCs. Endosulfan 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 34856488-9 2021 These findings suggest that endosulfan can cause excessive proliferation and massive accumulation of ECM through TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway, and also induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HRMCs. Endosulfan 28-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 34885136-6 2021 Application of NS1643 resulted in de-phosphorylation of the TGFbeta downstream effectors R-SMADs by activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2B (calcineurin). 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea 15-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-67 34885136-6 2021 Application of NS1643 resulted in de-phosphorylation of the TGFbeta downstream effectors R-SMADs by activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2B (calcineurin). Serine 118-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-67 34885136-7 2021 Consistent with the role of TGFbeta in controlling cancer stemness, NS1643 also produced a strong inhibition of NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 while arresting the cell cycle in G0/G1. 1,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethylphenyl)urea 68-74 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-35 34884812-5 2021 Those inductions were antagonized by the TGF-beta receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib, the JAK/STAT inhibitors AG490 and tofacitinib, and by the diet-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). LY-2157299 76-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 34884812-8 2021 Our findings highlight a new signaling axis linking MT1-MMP to TGF-beta-mediated EMT-like induction in glioblastoma cells, the process of which can be prevented by the diet-derived EGCG. epigallocatechin gallate 181-185 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-71 34829922-6 2021 SB431542, a well-known TGFbeta receptor inhibitor, counteracts the increased migration observed in presence of AdipoCM and decreased CTGF expression, suggesting that a paracrine secretion of TGFbeta by PPAT affects motility of PCa cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-30 34858055-0 2021 Erratum: Disulfiram Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through TGFbeta-ERK-Snail Pathway Independently of Smad4 to Decrease Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis (Corrigendum). Disulfiram 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-78 34825407-0 2022 Computational and in vitro validation of cardiogenic induction of quercetin on adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells through the inhibition of Wnt and non-Smad-dependent TGF-beta pathways. Quercetin 66-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 34825407-7 2022 It was found that quercetin, a p38MAPK inhibitor with the high energy dock to the active pocket of Wnt receptors, promotes cardiac differentiation via the inhibition of both Wnt and non-Smad TGF-beta pathways. Quercetin 18-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 191-199 34916196-0 2021 (Pirfenidone inhibits proliferation of rabbit tenon fibroblasts by down-regulating TGF-beta3 in the TGF-beta/Smad pathway). pirfenidone 1-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 34916196-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular mechanism by which pirfenidone inhibits scar formation through the TGF-beta/Smad pathway. pirfenidone 59-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 34916196-7 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Pirfenidone concentration-dependently inhibits the proliferation of RTFs possibly by down-regulating the expression of TGF-beta3 in the TGF-beta/Smad pathway. pirfenidone 13-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-157 34943788-8 2021 The organoid expansion rates are limited when including the TGFbeta inhibitor A8301, while are relatively higher with Forskolin (FSK) and Oncostatin M (OSM). a8301 78-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-67 34797443-15 2021 The anti-tumor impacts of TNNC1 silence were weaken by SB431542 (a specific inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling) while accelerated by TGF-beta. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 55-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 34840979-0 2021 Downregulation of Rap1GAP Expression Activates the TGF-beta/Smad3 Pathway to Inhibit the Expression of Sodium/Iodine Transporter in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Sodium 103-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 34840979-0 2021 Downregulation of Rap1GAP Expression Activates the TGF-beta/Smad3 Pathway to Inhibit the Expression of Sodium/Iodine Transporter in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Iodine 110-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-59 34829922-6 2021 SB431542, a well-known TGFbeta receptor inhibitor, counteracts the increased migration observed in presence of AdipoCM and decreased CTGF expression, suggesting that a paracrine secretion of TGFbeta by PPAT affects motility of PCa cells. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 191-198 34830097-3 2021 MPM development and metastasis have been correlated to EMT; On one hand, EMT mediates the effects exerted by asbestos fibers in the mesothelium, particularly via increased oxidative stress and TGFbeta levels evoked by asbestos exposure, thus promoting a malignant phenotype, and on the other hand, MPM acquires invasiveness via the EMT event, as shown by an upregulation of mesenchymal markers or, although indirectly, some miRNAs or non-coding RNAs, all demonstrated to be involved in cancer onset and metastasis. Asbestos 218-226 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 193-200 34520770-6 2021 Mechanistic investigation revealed that TAD blockades both EphB4 positive signal transduction and activation of HER2 signal transduction, thereby suppressing E-cadherin/TGF-beta/p-Smad2/3 signaling axis to elicit ROS-dependent endogenous mitochondrial apoptosis. ros 213-216 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 169-177 34833459-0 2021 A Promising Role of TGF-beta Pathway in Response to Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report. regorafenib 52-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 34763667-3 2021 METHODS: We performed a cytotoxicity analysis of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (CIS) in TGF-beta-treated osteosarcoma cells. Methotrexate 49-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 34763667-3 2021 METHODS: We performed a cytotoxicity analysis of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (CIS) in TGF-beta-treated osteosarcoma cells. Methotrexate 63-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 34763667-3 2021 METHODS: We performed a cytotoxicity analysis of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatin (CIS) in TGF-beta-treated osteosarcoma cells. Cisplatin 72-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 34763667-7 2021 RESULTS: The metabolic analysis revealed enhanced succinate production in osteosarcoma cells after TGF-beta treatment. Succinic Acid 50-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 34560077-6 2021 Antisense oligonucleotide was developed to target the mRNA of TGF-beta to inhibit its expression. Oligonucleotides 10-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34347311-9 2021 The Ac-SDpsiKP analogue (whereby the peptide bond between the aspartate and lysine is reduced) peptide inhibited TGF-beta/ small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad)-3 signalling and collagen deposition. Aspartic Acid 62-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 34363903-0 2021 The transformation of cancer-associated fibroblasts: Current perspectives on the role of TGF-beta in CAF mediated tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. cafestol palmitate 101-104 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 34363903-6 2021 Here in this review, we have dissected the most recent advancements in understanding the mechanisms of TGF-beta induced CAF activation, their multiple origins, and most importantly their role in conferring chemoresistance. cafestol palmitate 120-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 34246853-0 2021 Discovery and biological evaluation of phthalazines as novel non-kinase TGFbeta pathway inhibitors. Phthalazines 39-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-79 34246853-7 2021 Results indicated moderate potency for a molecule with phthalazine core against TGFbeta-Smad signaling. phthalazine 55-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-87 34736391-2 2021 Meanwhile, TGF-beta is the most critical regulatory factor in the process of nephrotic fibrosis and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced renal injury. Calcium Oxalate 100-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 34736391-2 2021 Meanwhile, TGF-beta is the most critical regulatory factor in the process of nephrotic fibrosis and calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced renal injury. Calcium Oxalate 117-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 11-19 34805135-7 2021 Further GSEA analysis indicated that TGF-beta, Ras, and Rap1 pathways were activated in the high-risk group, while Th17/Th1/Th2 differentiation, T cell receptor and PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathways were activated in the low-risk group. gsea 8-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 34400170-4 2021 A growing number of studies have demonstrated that lactic acid regulates the degradation of collagen IV, collagen VII, and glycoprotein; the synthesis of collagen I; and multiple signaling pathways, including TGF-beta/Smad, Wnt/beta-catenin, IL-6/STAT3, and HGF/MET, which are associated with basement membrane (BM) remodeling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), two hallmarks of the tumor invasive process. Lactic Acid 51-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 209-217 34347311-9 2021 The Ac-SDpsiKP analogue (whereby the peptide bond between the aspartate and lysine is reduced) peptide inhibited TGF-beta/ small mother against decapentaplegic (Smad)-3 signalling and collagen deposition. Lysine 76-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 34859840-0 2021 Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. Adenine 46-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 34859840-0 2021 Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway. omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 0-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 118-126 34517004-0 2021 Metformin attenuates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells through the AMPK/TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Metformin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-109 34599931-2 2021 In our previous study, we observed that when BEAS-2B cells are chronically exposed to arsenic, there is an increase in secreted TGFalpha, as well as an increase in EGFR expression and activity. Arsenic 86-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 34859840-1 2021 The article "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway", by J. Xu, Z.-P. Feng, H.-Y. omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids 13-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-139 34859840-1 2021 The article "Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate adenine-induced chronic renal failure via regulating ROS production and TGF-beta/SMAD pathway", by J. Xu, Z.-P. Feng, H.-Y. Adenine 59-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 131-139 34655614-0 2021 Phosphoinositide binding activity of Smad2 is essential for its function in TGF-beta signaling. Phosphatidylinositols 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-84 34474187-13 2021 In addition, 29 signaling pathways were found to be involved in RA-RRM-induced amelioration, including the NF-kappaB, TNF, TGF-beta, VEGF, and HIF-1 signaling pathways, using KEGG analysis. Radium 64-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 34655614-4 2021 The PI(4,5)P2-binding site is located in the MH2 domain that is involved in interaction with the TGF-beta receptor I that transduces TGF-beta-receptor binding to downstream signaling proteins. pi(4,5)p2 4-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-141 34655614-5 2021 Quantitative optical imaging analyses show that PM recruitment of Smad2 is triggered by its interaction with PI(4,5)P2 that is locally enriched near the activated TGF-beta receptor complex, leading to its binding to the TGF-beta receptor I. pi(4,5)p2 109-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 163-171 34655614-6 2021 The PI(4,5)P2 binding activity of Smad2 is essential for the TGF-beta-stimulated phosphorylation, nuclear transport and transcriptional activity of Smad2. pi(4,5)p2 4-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 34478745-6 2021 In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation of CAM revealed that AZA decreased TGF-beta and VEGF levels, important cytokines involved in the angiogenic process. Azathioprine 65-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 34358366-8 2021 Phosphorylation of Akt Ser 473 was also induced by EGF and TGFalpha and a one-hour pre-treatment with the tyrosine kinas inhibitor(s) reduced this phosphorylation. Serine 23-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 34358366-8 2021 Phosphorylation of Akt Ser 473 was also induced by EGF and TGFalpha and a one-hour pre-treatment with the tyrosine kinas inhibitor(s) reduced this phosphorylation. Tyrosine 106-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 34481866-5 2021 Ferulic acid not only protects vascular endothelium by ERK1/2 and NO/ET-1 signal, but also plays an anti-fibrosis role by TGF-beta/Smad and MMPs/TIMPs system. ferulic acid 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 34514657-0 2021 Kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside, an ALK5 inhibitor, affects the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells via blockade of the TGF-beta/ALK5/Smad signaling pathway. Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside 0-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-143 34769191-0 2021 Direct and Indirect Effect of TGFbeta on Treg Transendothelial Recruitment in HCC Tissue Microenvironment. treg 41-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-37 34541720-7 2021 Serum levels of IFN-gamma (p = .52) and IL-17 (p = .11) decreased, while IL-4 (p = .12) and TGF-beta (p = .14) increased in the nano-curcumin group compared with placebo on day 14. Curcumin 133-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 92-100 34769191-7 2021 In addition, we found a significant inverse correlation between alpha-SMA and FoxP3 (marker of Tregs) mRNA expression in a microarray analysis involving 78 HCCs, thus suggesting that TGFbeta-activated stromal cells may counteract the trafficking of Tregs into the tumor. tregs 249-254 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 183-190 34696937-9 2022 In addition, the activation of the TGF-beta/Smad2 pathway was inhibited along with a lower expression of alpha-SMA and type I collagen in paeonol-treated cells. paeonol 138-145 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 34769032-8 2021 Additionally, FQs inhibited TGF-beta and PMA-induced cell migration via p38 and cyclic AMP signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP 80-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 34216686-6 2021 MiR-627-3p inhibited the expression of TGFB2 and the secretion of TGF-beta, which further resulted in downregulation of ZEB1 and suppression of TGF-beta-induced EMT. mir-627-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 34216686-6 2021 MiR-627-3p inhibited the expression of TGFB2 and the secretion of TGF-beta, which further resulted in downregulation of ZEB1 and suppression of TGF-beta-induced EMT. mir-627-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 34769032-0 2021 Fluoroquinolones Suppress TGF-beta and PMA-Induced MMP-9 Production in Cancer Cells: Implications in Repurposing Quinolone Antibiotics for Cancer Treatment. Fluoroquinolones 0-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 34769032-0 2021 Fluoroquinolones Suppress TGF-beta and PMA-Induced MMP-9 Production in Cancer Cells: Implications in Repurposing Quinolone Antibiotics for Cancer Treatment. Quinolones 113-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 34725559-9 2021 We found that patients with TGF-beta signaling mutations have shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, platinum overall survival, and platinum-free progression survival. Platinum 138-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 34725559-9 2021 We found that patients with TGF-beta signaling mutations have shorter overall survival, disease-free survival, disease-specific survival, platinum overall survival, and platinum-free progression survival. Platinum 169-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 34712379-0 2021 Berberine Suppresses EMT in Liver and Gastric Carcinoma Cells through Combination with TGFbetaR Regulating TGF-beta/Smad Pathway. Berberine 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 34671871-5 2022 Although its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, pirfenidone might reduce the expression of profibrotic factors such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and proinflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13, which could modulate the inflammatory response and inhibit collagen synthesis in lung tissue. pirfenidone 64-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 168-176 34664623-3 2022 From this large group of kinases, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) through the serine-threonine activity of its receptors and Rho kinase (ROCK) play an important role in the development and maintenance of fibrosis in various human diseases, including systemic sclerosis. Serine 89-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 34664623-3 2022 From this large group of kinases, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) through the serine-threonine activity of its receptors and Rho kinase (ROCK) play an important role in the development and maintenance of fibrosis in various human diseases, including systemic sclerosis. Threonine 96-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 34733839-6 2021 In vitro cell experiments, TGF-beta conditioned MSCs obviously promoted the migration and invasion of Nalm-6/RS4;11 cells, which were effectively blocked by the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100, thereby inhibiting the secretion of MMP-9 in TGF-beta conditioned MSCs and inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in leukemia cells. plerixafor 177-184 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 34733839-6 2021 In vitro cell experiments, TGF-beta conditioned MSCs obviously promoted the migration and invasion of Nalm-6/RS4;11 cells, which were effectively blocked by the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100, thereby inhibiting the secretion of MMP-9 in TGF-beta conditioned MSCs and inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in leukemia cells. plerixafor 177-184 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 231-239 34712379-6 2021 GO Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway showed that BBR significantly inhibited TGF-beta/Smad at 12 h, then, PI3K/Akt and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways at 24 h, which were closely related to the proliferation, migration, and EMT. Berberine 51-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-87 34722505-0 2021 Melatonin Promotes the Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Regulating TGF-beta Pathway. Melatonin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34329782-6 2021 Herein, we designed and synthesized gold nanocages functionalized with primary macrophage membrane and surface anti-PDL1 antibody, and loaded with a TGFbeta inhibitor, galunisertib. LY-2157299 168-180 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-156 34391786-9 2021 In conclusion, we acknowledge that AL-I can induce renal EMT process in HK-2 cell, which is triggered by the activation of TGF-beta/Smad-dependent signaling pathway. aristolactam I 35-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 34712665-8 2021 Depletion of TGF-beta or IDO signaling successfully abolished the effect of Treg in improving hAMSC"s function both in vitro and vivo. treg 76-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 34671716-0 2021 Global Histone H3 Lysine 4 Trimethylation (H3K4me3) Landscape Changes in Response to TGFbeta. Lysine 18-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-92 34671716-7 2021 In this report, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to identify the genome-wide regions that undergo changes in histone H3 Lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) occupancy in response to TGFbeta stimulation. Lysine 152-158 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-218 34664597-8 2021 In addition, OXY improved EMT-related miRNA expression through, for example, lowering the levels of miR-3687 and miR-301a-3p while upregulating miR-3612 in TGF-beta-induced HT-29 cells. puag-haad 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-164 34712665-9 2021 Finally, our result indicated that Treg improved the function of hAMSC by regulating the TGF-beta-IDO signaling and co-infusion of hAMSC and Treg provided a promising approach for treating liver cirrhosis. treg 35-39 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 34186073-5 2021 Cigarette smoke and alcohol co-exposure on sIgA and TGFbeta in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and in mice instilled with MAA-adducted surfactant protein D (SPD-MAA) were studied herein. Alcohols 20-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-59 34671434-5 2021 We further revealed that 25-OH D ameliorated TGF-beta1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BPH-1 cells and proliferation of WPMY-1 cells via blocking TGF-beta signaling. 25-oh d 25-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 34387375-6 2021 TAM-targeting depletion and hypoxia alleviation synergistically reprogram the TIME, which concurrently downregulate PD-L1 expression of tumor cells, decrease the levels of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, elevate the immunostimulatory IFN-gamma, enhance cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and boost a strong memory response. tam 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 218-226 34627378-8 2021 And OFM route appeared to have a more pronounced effect on ameliorating the CCl4-induced up-regulation of the fibrotic markers, such as alpha-SMA, collagen I and TGF-beta. Carbon Tetrachloride 76-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-170 34692770-14 2021 GSEA revealed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), TGF-beta signaling, hypoxia, and angiogenesis gene sets were significantly enriched in high-CAF-risk group patients. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 34186073-7 2021 Decreased sIgA and increased TGFbeta were observed in BAL from combined alcohol and smoking groups in humans and mice. Alcohols 72-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-36 34298004-8 2021 Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-beta pathway with galunisertib led to down-regulation of FOXC1 and increase in drug sensitivity in both BAS-DOX and BAS-TX cells. LY-2157299 56-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 34298004-8 2021 Pharmacological inhibition of the TGF-beta pathway with galunisertib led to down-regulation of FOXC1 and increase in drug sensitivity in both BAS-DOX and BAS-TX cells. Doxorubicin 146-149 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-42 34265069-7 2021 E2 and toremifene reduced the actions of cytokines such as myostatin, TGFbeta and TNFalpha, which mediate cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Estradiol 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-77 34375482-4 2021 In mechanism, TAMs produced the cytokine TGF-beta to support HIF1alpha expression, thereby up-regulating Tribbles Pseudokinase 3 (TRIB3) in tumor cells. tams 14-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 34319576-0 2021 Blocking MMP-12-modulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repurposing penfluridol restrains lung adenocarcinoma metastasis via uPA/uPAR/TGF-beta/Akt pathway. Penfluridol 75-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 141-149 34508957-5 2021 Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the combination of PTX chemotherapy and PDT up-regulated oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, blocked cell cycle and proliferation, and down-regulated the pathways related to tumor progression, invasion and metastasis, including hypoxia, TGF-beta signaling and TNF-alpha signaling pathways. ptx 57-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 311-319 34265069-7 2021 E2 and toremifene reduced the actions of cytokines such as myostatin, TGFbeta and TNFalpha, which mediate cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting. Toremifene 7-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-77 34333817-15 2021 In HUVECs, EV treatment from H2 O2 treated myoblasts increased markers of senescence (beta-Galactosidase and TGF-beta), decreased proliferation, and impaired HUVEC tube formation. Hydrogen Peroxide 29-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 34505423-4 2021 Oxy210, an oxysterol derivative, displays the unique property of antagonizing both Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). oxy210 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-142 34505423-4 2021 Oxy210, an oxysterol derivative, displays the unique property of antagonizing both Hedgehog (Hh) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling in primary human hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Oxysterols 11-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 134-142 34505423-5 2021 We hypothesized that inhibition of both Hh and TGF-beta signalling by Oxy210 could reduce hepatic fibrosis in NASH. oxy210 70-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 34505423-7 2021 METHODS: We examined the effect of Oxy210 treatment on Hh and TGF-beta pathways in HSC. oxy210 35-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34505423-9 2021 APPROACH AND RESULTS: We show that Oxy210 inhibits both Hh and TGF-beta pathways in human HSC and attenuates baseline and TGF-beta-induced expression of pro-fibrotic genes in vitro. oxy210 35-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 63-71 34505423-9 2021 APPROACH AND RESULTS: We show that Oxy210 inhibits both Hh and TGF-beta pathways in human HSC and attenuates baseline and TGF-beta-induced expression of pro-fibrotic genes in vitro. oxy210 35-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 34333817-16 2021 Analysis of H2 O2 treated myoblast-derived EV mRNA revealed a nearly 4-fold increase in TGF-beta expression. Hydrogen Peroxide 12-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 34514726-3 2021 Recently, we invented AANG, a natural compound formula containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived Smad3 inhibitor Naringenin (NG) and Smad7 activator Asiatic Acid (AA), for rebalancing TGF-beta/Smad signalling in the TME, and its implication on the multidrug resistance is still unexplored. naringenin 125-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 34382409-3 2021 In particular, Tregs exert an atheroprotective role by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10/TGF-beta) and suppressing autoreactive T lymphocytes. tregs 15-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 34447480-14 2021 However, the NLRP3 activator Nigericin reversed the inhibitory effects of IL-22 on the induction of oxidative stress and fibrosis of HSCs induced by TGF-beta. Nigericin 29-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 149-157 34514726-3 2021 Recently, we invented AANG, a natural compound formula containing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) derived Smad3 inhibitor Naringenin (NG) and Smad7 activator Asiatic Acid (AA), for rebalancing TGF-beta/Smad signalling in the TME, and its implication on the multidrug resistance is still unexplored. asiatic acid 161-173 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 196-204 34101276-7 2021 Resveratrol has been shown to induce the release of anticancer cytokines such as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and also inhibits the release of TGF-beta. Resveratrol 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-146 34708626-7 2021 Furthermore, ELISA results demonstrated that APS could decrease IL-10 and TGF-beta concentration (P < 0.05). aps 45-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 34470859-4 2021 Expression of layilin on Tregs was induced by TCR-mediated activation in the presence of IL-2 or TGF-beta. tregs 25-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 34670666-7 2021 Results Compared with PDGF-BB, TA significantly inhibited the activation and proliferation of LX-2 cells, and decreased the protein expressions of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta. euscaphic acid 31-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 161-169 34638842-8 2021 Galunisertib is a drug targeting TGF-beta receptors. LY-2157299 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 34584450-0 2021 TGF-beta-Induced TMEPAI Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Doxorubicin-Treated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via SMAD3 and PI3K/AKT Pathway Alteration. Doxorubicin 70-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 34570775-13 2021 GSEA showed that the p53, WNT signaling, TGF-beta signaling pathways, etc. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 34737887-5 2021 Wnt signaling proteins expression was also downregulated by Qu and 2-ME in TGF-beta-induced EMT in PC-3 cells. 2-Methoxyestradiol 67-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 34506963-9 2022 Besides, TGF-beta/Smad3/miR-21 feedback loop signaling was upregulated in bleomycin-treated HUVEC and VM specimens, which was accompanied by increased collagen deposition. Bleomycin 74-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 9-17 34548635-7 2022 Importantly, the small molecule TGF-beta inhibitor SB431542 negated the effects of LIN28B on both cell migration and clonogenic potential. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 51-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34641274-2 2021 To solve this problem, we developed a microsphere/hydrogel system that provides two growth factors that promote cartilage repair: transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) to enhance cartilage tissue formation and ghrelin synergy TGF-beta to significantly enhance the chondrogenic differentiation. Ghrelin 217-224 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 233-241 34573098-8 2021 Treatment with RTA402 results in antiapoptotic, antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and myelin-preserving effects on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and visual function via regulation of NQO1 and HO-1, reduced IL-6 and Iba1 expression in macrophages, and promoted microglial expression of TGF-beta and Ym1 + 2 in the retina and optic nerve. bardoxolone methyl 15-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 299-307 34594474-7 2021 Furthermore, in animal and clinical experiments, the inhalation of low-dose exogenous gas and intraperitoneal injection of gaseous donors, such as SNAP, CINOD, CORM, SAC, and NaHS, showed a significant therapeutic effect on the inhibition of fibrosis through modulating the TGF-beta signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and delaying the cellular senescence, while promoting the process of autophagy. sodium bisulfide 175-179 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 274-282 34558256-8 2021 An increase in TGF-beta levels was noted among patients using vitamin D supplementation, which may suggest a mechanism by which cholecalciferol may improve MS prognosis. Vitamin D 62-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 34558256-8 2021 An increase in TGF-beta levels was noted among patients using vitamin D supplementation, which may suggest a mechanism by which cholecalciferol may improve MS prognosis. Cholecalciferol 128-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 34537818-7 2021 In addition, miR-2337 controls TGF-beta1-mediated activity of the TGF-beta signaling pathway and GC apoptosis. mir-2337 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 34537818-8 2021 Taken together, our findings identify miR-2337 as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) of TGF-beta1 in GCs, while miR-2337 is identified as a small activator of the TGF-beta signaling pathway which is expected to be a new target for rescuing GC apoptosis and treating low fertility. mir-2337 120-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 34345965-12 2021 Among three probiotic strains, AP-32 would effectively increase the levels of TGF-beta and IL-10 in PBMCs. ap-32 31-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 34605801-4 2021 In relation to this, atheroprone, low laminar SS was found to enhance TGFbeta/BMP signaling while atheroprotective, high laminar SS, diminishes this signaling. atheroprone 21-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-77 34572765-14 2021 LS-EC showed a propensity for TGF-beta signalling disruption. ls-ec 0-5 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 34518767-0 2021 Bioflavonoid Galangin Suppresses Hypertrophic Scar Formation by the TGF-beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. Flavonoids 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 34518767-0 2021 Bioflavonoid Galangin Suppresses Hypertrophic Scar Formation by the TGF-beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. galangin 13-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 34518767-7 2021 Conclusion: Our data indicated that Galangin can alleviate dermal scarring via the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway probably by upregulating Smad 7 expression and, thus, suppressing the expression of type I and type III collagens and TGF-beta1. galangin 36-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 34175815-6 2021 Upstream mediators of EMT such as ZEB1/2, TGF-beta, microRNAs, and so on are involved in regulating response of cancer cells to PTX and DTX. Paclitaxel 128-131 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 34175815-6 2021 Upstream mediators of EMT such as ZEB1/2, TGF-beta, microRNAs, and so on are involved in regulating response of cancer cells to PTX and DTX. Docetaxel 136-139 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 34552353-9 2021 GSEA analysis demonstrated that the protein secretion, angiogenesis, TGF-beta signaling and MTORC1 signaling might be involved in the high-risk patients. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 69-77 34568316-4 2021 Binding predictions indicate that the novel 13-amino-acid stretch interacts with all three TGF-beta cognate ligands and generates a more extensive protein-protein interface than TbetaRII. 13-amino-acid 44-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 34568316-8 2021 Moreover, high-affinity binding of TbetaRII-SE to the three TGF-beta isoforms was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. tbetarii-se 35-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 60-68 34348976-2 2021 Th9 cells differentiate in response to IL-4 and TGF-beta, but these signals are insufficient to drive Th9 differentiation in the absence of IL-2. TH9 102-105 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 34306204-0 2021 Psoralen accelerates osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway. Ficusin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34306204-13 2021 In conclusion, psoralen accelerates the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by activating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway, which may be valuable for the future clinical treatment of osteoporosis. Ficusin 15-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 95-103 34604344-2 2021 Recent evidence showed that TGF-beta/Smad3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of AKI, but its functional role and mechanism of action in cisplatin-induced AKI are unclear. Cisplatin 138-147 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 34311512-11 2021 Our results demonstrate that PL dampens the macrophage secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces the release of arginase, TGF-beta and VEGF that may affect angiogenesis and tissue regeneration, thus facilitating the wound healing process. pl 29-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 34500742-10 2021 UF extract (25 and 50 mug) and UDCA (50 and 100 muM) significantly increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, TGF-beta, VEGF, N-cadherin, and sirtuin-1 in FRO cells. UD 0-2 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 173-181 34427668-8 2021 Implantation of an intrauterine device containing copper implantation can up-regulate the expression of miR-144-3p in endometrial tissue, and therefore decreases the mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to endometrial injury and tissue repair, including the MT/NF-kappaB/MMP damage pathway and the THBS-1/TGF-beta/SMAD3 repair pathway. Copper 50-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 320-328 34531750-11 2021 EAH model-derived Tregs also produced fewer anti-inflammatory mediators (TGF-beta and IL-35) than control Tregs. eah 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 34386061-4 2021 The results demonstrated that osimertinib significantly inhibited tumor growth in both the conventional and large models; however, maximum tumor regression was attenuated in the large model in which hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) expression levels increased. osimertinib 30-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 282-291 34386061-6 2021 TGF-alpha attenuated sensitivity to osimertinib in vitro; however, this negative effect was counteracted by the combination of osimertinib and cetuximab, but not osimertinib and bevacizumab. osimertinib 36-47 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 34531750-11 2021 EAH model-derived Tregs also produced fewer anti-inflammatory mediators (TGF-beta and IL-35) than control Tregs. tregs 18-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-81 34500586-5 2021 In these cells, astaxanthin microparticles significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels and the secretion of bioactive TGFbeta and increased cell survival after radiation treatments. astaxanthine 16-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-128 34571856-5 2021 We report that decitabine, a demethylating agent already used in the clinic for the treatment of several cancers, greatly impairs the transcriptional response of SNU449 HCC cells to TGFbeta. Decitabine 15-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 182-189 34462512-6 2021 Similar to LPA and cPA, 2carbaLPA induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and showed potent agonism for all known LPA receptors (LPA1-6) in the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) shedding assay, in particular for LPA3 and LPA4. cpa 19-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-219 34462512-6 2021 Similar to LPA and cPA, 2carbaLPA induced the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and showed potent agonism for all known LPA receptors (LPA1-6) in the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) shedding assay, in particular for LPA3 and LPA4. 2carbalpa 24-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-219 34504485-9 2021 Pharmacological blockade of the TGF-beta signalling pathway with SD208 (TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitor), SIS3 (Smad3 inhibitor) or (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 inhibitor) ameliorated fibronectin levels and type I collagen secretion. SD-208 65-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34504485-9 2021 Pharmacological blockade of the TGF-beta signalling pathway with SD208 (TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitor), SIS3 (Smad3 inhibitor) or (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 inhibitor) ameliorated fibronectin levels and type I collagen secretion. 6,7-dimethyl-2-(2E)-3-(1-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyridin-3-yl-prop-2-enoyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline hydrochloride 109-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34504783-7 2021 Mechanistically, the nuclear aggregation of SMAD2/3 revealed that tumor suppressor axis (TGF-beta)-SMAD2/3-p21 was the anti-proliferation program related to RanBP3 knockdown, and the decrease of cytoplasmic ERK1/2 caused by RanBP3 interference leaded to the down-regulation of anti-apoptosis protein p(Ser112)-BAD, which was the mechanism of increased cell apoptosis and enhanced chemosensitivity to imatinib in CML. Imatinib Mesylate 400-408 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-97 34504485-9 2021 Pharmacological blockade of the TGF-beta signalling pathway with SD208 (TGF-beta receptor type I inhibitor), SIS3 (Smad3 inhibitor) or (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol (TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 inhibitor) ameliorated fibronectin levels and type I collagen secretion. 5-7-oxo-zeaenol 135-152 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34497522-7 2021 Blockade of autophagy with 3-MA effectively prevented PF in both models and reversed epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) by down-regulating TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway and downstream nuclear transcription factors Slug and Snail. 3-methyladenine 27-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 147-155 34126197-0 2021 Suppressing effects of Green tea extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on TGF-beta- induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ROS/Smad signaling in human cervical cancer cells. epigallocatechin gallate 45-71 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34436503-2 2021 Our previous study demonstrated that 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) attenuated EMT by blocking the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smad signaling pathway and activating ER stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin 37-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-152 34436503-5 2021 Meanwhile, tunicamycin-induced ER stress blocked the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Tunicamycin 11-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 34436503-7 2021 Based on our findings, the use of high HP-beta-CD concentration can lead to cholesterol accumulation in the ER, thereby inducing ER stress, which directly suppresses TGF-beta pathway-induced EMT. Cholesterol 76-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-174 34436503-8 2021 However, HP-beta-CD is proposed to deplete membrane cholesterol at low concentrations and concurrently inhibit ER stress and induce EMT by promoting the TGF-beta signaling pathways. 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 153-161 34126197-0 2021 Suppressing effects of Green tea extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on TGF-beta- induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ROS/Smad signaling in human cervical cancer cells. epigallocatechin gallate 73-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34126197-0 2021 Suppressing effects of Green tea extract and Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on TGF-beta- induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition via ROS/Smad signaling in human cervical cancer cells. ros 141-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34126197-7 2021 Our conclusions affirmed that pre-incubation with green tea extract (80 mug/ml) and EGCG (60 mumol/L) significantly reversed the impacts of TGF-beta in Hela and SiHa cells by decreasing Vimentin, ZEB, Slug, Snail, and Twist and increasing E-cadherin expression. epigallocatechin gallate 84-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 34126197-8 2021 The molecular mechanism of green tea extract and EGCG for TGF-beta-induced EMT inhibition interfered with ROS generation and Smad signaling. epigallocatechin gallate 49-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 34126197-8 2021 The molecular mechanism of green tea extract and EGCG for TGF-beta-induced EMT inhibition interfered with ROS generation and Smad signaling. ros 106-109 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 34126197-10 2021 CONCLUSION: EGCG and green tea extract suppressed TGF-beta-induced EMT in Hela and SiHa cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to the ROS generation and Smad signaling pathway. epigallocatechin gallate 12-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 34126197-10 2021 CONCLUSION: EGCG and green tea extract suppressed TGF-beta-induced EMT in Hela and SiHa cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism may be related to the ROS generation and Smad signaling pathway. ros 156-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-58 34458299-4 2021 Research Question: To understand the relationship between vitamin D, lung AAT levels and T lymphocytes further we investigated whether TGF-beta is required as a co-factor for 1,25(OH)2D3-induced upregulation of AAT by vitamin D in CD8+ T cells in vitro and correlated circulating vitamin D levels with lung AAT levels in vivo. Vitamin D 218-227 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 135-143 34452519-12 2021 Astodrimer sodium 1% significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, TNFalpha and TGFbeta and the chemokine MCP-1 in the serum, lung and trachea vs. PBS. astodrimer sodium 0-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-121 34440856-7 2021 Cell treatment with galunisertib (a TGFbeta-pathway inhibitor) also led to reduced viability and migration, suggesting that its clinical use may enhance the cytotoxic effects of radiation and lead to the effective inhibition of CRC progression. LY-2157299 20-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-43 34458299-0 2021 The Induction of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin by Vitamin D in Human T Cells Is TGF-beta Dependent: A Proposed Anti-inflammatory Role in Airway Disease. Vitamin D 40-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 34383767-6 2021 The expression of miR-1285 was downregulated in ARPE-19 cells treated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. mir-1285 18-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-112 34458250-0 2021 Changes in Wnt and TGF-beta Signaling Mediate the Development of Regorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line HuH7. regorafenib 65-76 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 34440820-7 2021 Finally, by qRT-PCR, the modulation of Wnt/beta catenin, FGF, and TGFbeta/SMAD signaling pathways in PN- and MES-GSCs was reported. 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid 109-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-73 34379232-5 2022 Pin1 inhibitor, juglone significantly decreased TGF-beta signalling, increased BMP signalling, normalized their hyper-proliferative, and inflammatory phenotype. juglone 16-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 34458250-6 2021 On the other hand, regorafenib resistant cells established by long-term regorafenib treatment demonstrate diminished Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activity while TGF-beta signaling activity of these cells is significantly enhanced. regorafenib 19-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 34458250-6 2021 On the other hand, regorafenib resistant cells established by long-term regorafenib treatment demonstrate diminished Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activity while TGF-beta signaling activity of these cells is significantly enhanced. regorafenib 72-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 159-167 34458250-13 2021 However, to resolve acquired regorafenib resistance developed in HCC patients, the combined use of TGF-beta pathway inhibitors and Regorafenib constitute a promising approach that can increase regorafenib sensitization and prevent tumor recurrence. regorafenib 193-204 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 34184805-7 2021 Collectively, these findings suggest that TGF-beta and Snail promote arginine synthesis via inhibiting LOC113230-mediated LRPPRC/TRAF2/ASS1 complex assembly and this complex can serve as potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat CRC. Arginine 69-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 34362391-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Our observation suggests that miR-381-3p inhibits breast cancer progression and EMT by regulating the TGF-beta signaling via targeting Sox4 and Twist1. -381-3p 46-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 34362391-10 2021 Moreover, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) could reverse the effects of miR-381-3p on breast cancer progression. mir-381-3p 82-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-51 34439114-1 2021 Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a secreted cytokine that signals via serine/threonine kinase receptors and SMAD effectors. Serine 83-89 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 33-41 34184805-7 2021 Collectively, these findings suggest that TGF-beta and Snail promote arginine synthesis via inhibiting LOC113230-mediated LRPPRC/TRAF2/ASS1 complex assembly and this complex can serve as potential target for the development of new therapeutic approaches to treat CRC. loc113230 103-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 34421628-10 2021 GSEA found four signaling pathways crucial for intimal hyperplasia, namely, MAPK, NOD-like, Cell Cycle, and TGF-beta signaling pathway. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 34804428-15 2021 SB203580, PDTC, and alpha-LA reversed the effects of chemerin, reducing IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB p-p65, and TGF-beta expression. SB 203580 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34804428-15 2021 SB203580, PDTC, and alpha-LA reversed the effects of chemerin, reducing IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB p-p65, and TGF-beta expression. prolinedithiocarbamate 10-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34804428-15 2021 SB203580, PDTC, and alpha-LA reversed the effects of chemerin, reducing IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB p-p65, and TGF-beta expression. Thioctic Acid 20-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34116485-11 2021 CONCLUSION: Our novel evidence on the elevated concentration of peritoneal sEng and GDF-15 in endometriosis, specifically in the late-stage, may indicate the essential role of TGF-beta-dependent signaling in endometriosis. seng 75-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 176-184 34395436-7 2021 The 6,542 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were identified for the declined doxorubicin-associated biological processes, for instance, endocrine and insulin resistance, central carbon metabolism, signaling pathways of TGF-beta and P53. Doxorubicin 82-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 224-232 34355287-8 2021 Moreover, BDMC-A treatment downregulated MMP-9, VEGF, TGF- beta, IL-6 and IL-8 and upregulated TIMP-2 levels. bdmc-a 10-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 54-63 34132362-0 2021 miR-375/Yes-associated protein axis regulates IL-6 and TGF-beta expression, which is involved in the cisplatin-induced resistance of liver cancer cells. Cisplatin 101-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 34132362-8 2021 In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that the miR-375/YAP axis may regulate the expression levels of IL-6 and TGF-beta, which may subsequently be involved in the CDDP resistance of LC cells. Cisplatin 184-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-140 34289902-7 2021 In addition, the levels of MCP-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were positively correlated to dietary carbohydrate. Dietary Carbohydrates 110-130 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 34324434-0 2021 Curcumin in combination with homoharringtonine suppresses lymphoma cell growth by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. Curcumin 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 34324434-0 2021 Curcumin in combination with homoharringtonine suppresses lymphoma cell growth by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. Homoharringtonine 29-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 97-105 34324434-9 2021 Our findings indicate that combination of HHT and curcumin inhibited lymphoma cell growth by downregulating the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway. Curcumin 50-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 34326372-2 2021 Herein, we provide the transcriptional landscape of TNBC in response to TGFbeta activation and subsequent inhibition employing SB431542, selective TGFbeta1 Receptor ALK5 Inhibitor. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 127-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-79 34326372-8 2021 Our miRNA analysis in the BT-549 model in response to exogenous TGFB1 revealed several affected miRNAs (2.0 <= FC <= 2.0), whose expression pattern was reversed in the presence of SB431542, suggesting those miRNA as plausible targets for TGFbeta regulation. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 180-188 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 238-245 34354794-0 2021 Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Inhibit Migration and Invasion of Bladder Cancer Cells by Reversing EMT through Suppression of TGF-beta Signaling Pathway. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins 0-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-132 34354794-8 2021 Further study showed that GSPs inhibited EMT by reversing the TGF-beta-induced morphological change and upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug as well as downregulation of epithelial markers E-cadherin and ZO-1 in 5637 cells. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins 26-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 62-70 34354794-10 2021 Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrate that GSPs effectively inhibit the migration and invasion of BC cells by reversing EMT through suppression of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, which indicates that GSPs could be developed as a potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agent against bladder cancer. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins 66-70 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 34439425-1 2021 In diabetic patients, high glucose and high oxidative states activate gene expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and further translocate Smad proteins into the nucleus of renal cells. Glucose 27-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 122-130 34438645-6 2021 Proteomics analysis of cytokines showed that niacin supplementation increased the expression of duodenal transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), jejunal interleukin-10 (IL-10) and ileal interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05), and reduced the expression of ileal interleukin-8 (IL-8) (p < 0.05) compared with the control diet. Niacin 45-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 138-146 34336106-0 2021 The Ameliorative Effects of Arctiin and Arctigenin on the Oxidative Injury of Lung Induced by Silica via TLR-4/NLRP3/TGF-beta Signaling Pathway. Silicon Dioxide 94-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 34336106-3 2021 Further, our study revealed that arctiin and arctigenin suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through the TLR-4/Myd88/NF-kappaB pathway and the silica-induced secretion of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, TGF-beta, and alpha-SMA. Silicon Dioxide 154-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 34253166-3 2021 In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-beta and a TGF-beta inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299). LY-2157299 145-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 34287272-5 2021 In MFD-induced myopia, resveratrol increased collagen I level and reduced the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB expression levels. Resveratrol 23-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-169 34253166-3 2021 In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-beta and a TGF-beta inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299). LY-2157299 159-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34253166-3 2021 In this study, we examined the expression of NKG2DLs, PD-L1 and PD-L2 in lung cancer cells after treatment of TGF-beta and a TGF-beta inhibitor, Galunisertib (LY2157299). LY-2157299 159-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 125-133 34253166-5 2021 Galunisertib reversed the effect of TGF-beta on the expression of NKG2DLs. LY-2157299 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 36-44 34170130-5 2021 PCZ-treated cells activated intracellular oxidative stress via cytochrome P450 and had higher mRNA levels of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) than the control. propiconazole 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 235-243 34236783-12 2022 However, rapamycin or paclitaxel concentrations >=1 mug/mL could significantly reduce the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which decreased with the increase of drug concentration. Sirolimus 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 34236783-12 2022 However, rapamycin or paclitaxel concentrations >=1 mug/mL could significantly reduce the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-35 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which decreased with the increase of drug concentration. Paclitaxel 22-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 171-179 34236783-14 2022 However, rapamycin or paclitaxel combined with anti- IL-10 or anti-TGF-beta can significantly enhance foam cell proliferation (P<0.01). Sirolimus 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 34170130-6 2021 PCZ treatment in cells induced a morphological transition with E-cadherin decrease and vimentin and Snail increase via the oxidative stress and TGF-beta/Smad pathways. propiconazole 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 34281223-4 2021 We speculate that the regulation of these genes, especially by aripiprazole, clozapine, and quetiapine, results in a reduction of MAPK and NFkappaB pro-inflammatory signaling through modulation of Hippo, Wnt, and TGF-beta pathways. Aripiprazole 63-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-221 34233193-4 2021 ADWA-11 increases expression of a suite of genes in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells normally inhibited by TGF-beta and involved in tumor cell killing, including granzyme B and interferon-gamma. adwa-11 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 33914044-0 2021 BFAR coordinates TGFbeta signaling to modulate Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. TH9 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-24 33914044-2 2021 Despite recent progress, the underlying mechanism reconciling the double-edged effect of TGFbeta signaling in Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy remains elusive. TH9 110-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 33914044-3 2021 Here, we find that TGFbeta-induced down-regulation of bifunctional apoptosis regulator (BFAR) represents the key mechanism preventing the sustained activation of TGFbeta signaling and thus impairing Th9 inducibility. TH9 199-202 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-26 33914044-7 2021 Thus, our findings establish BFAR as a key TGFbeta-regulated gene to fine-tune TGFbeta signaling that causes Th9 induction insensitivity, and they highlight the translational potential of BFAR in promoting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. TH9 109-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-50 33914044-7 2021 Thus, our findings establish BFAR as a key TGFbeta-regulated gene to fine-tune TGFbeta signaling that causes Th9 induction insensitivity, and they highlight the translational potential of BFAR in promoting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. TH9 109-112 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 79-86 33914044-7 2021 Thus, our findings establish BFAR as a key TGFbeta-regulated gene to fine-tune TGFbeta signaling that causes Th9 induction insensitivity, and they highlight the translational potential of BFAR in promoting Th9-mediated cancer immunotherapy. TH9 206-209 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 43-50 34276356-4 2021 Methods: Remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite GS-441524 were used to treat TGF-beta stimulated renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal epithelial (HK2) cells. remdesivir 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 34276356-4 2021 Methods: Remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite GS-441524 were used to treat TGF-beta stimulated renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal epithelial (HK2) cells. Nucleosides 35-45 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 34276356-4 2021 Methods: Remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite GS-441524 were used to treat TGF-beta stimulated renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal epithelial (HK2) cells. GS-441524 57-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 34305638-16 2021 During alcohol detoxification, LS, transaminases, TGF- beta, IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF decreased significantly. Alcohols 7-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 50-59 34228906-0 2021 Fenofibrate inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast differentiation and activation in human lung fibroblasts in vitro. Fenofibrate 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 34228906-9 2021 Furthermore, the TGF-beta-induced nuclear reduction of protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ -dependent 1A (PPM1A), a SMAD phosphatase, was inhibited by FF. magnesium ion 76-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 34228906-9 2021 Furthermore, the TGF-beta-induced nuclear reduction of protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ -dependent 1A (PPM1A), a SMAD phosphatase, was inhibited by FF. Manganese(2+) 82-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-25 34229595-0 2022 (S,R)3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-5-Isoxazole Acetic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through TGF-beta/Smad4 Axis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. (s,r)3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester 0-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 34224393-11 2021 Furthermore, GSEA demonstrated that this signature was involved in many cancer-related pathways, including TGF-beta, p53, mTOR and WNT signaling pathway. gsea 13-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 34194907-7 2021 The results showed that withaferin A blocked TGF-beta-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of other TGF-beta-related proteins in KLE cells. withaferin A 24-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34194907-0 2021 Withaferin A inhibits proliferation of human endometrial cancer cells via transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling. withaferin A 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 107-115 34281223-4 2021 We speculate that the regulation of these genes, especially by aripiprazole, clozapine, and quetiapine, results in a reduction of MAPK and NFkappaB pro-inflammatory signaling through modulation of Hippo, Wnt, and TGF-beta pathways. Clozapine 77-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-221 34194907-1 2021 The present study was designed to evaluate the anticancer effects of withaferin A against the human endometrial cancer via modulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signalling. withaferin A 69-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 170-178 34194907-8 2021 Summing up, the results suggest that withaferin A inhibits the proliferation of the human endometrial carcinoma via TGF-beta signalling. withaferin A 37-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 34194907-7 2021 The results showed that withaferin A blocked TGF-beta-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation and expression of other TGF-beta-related proteins in KLE cells. withaferin A 24-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 45-53 34281223-4 2021 We speculate that the regulation of these genes, especially by aripiprazole, clozapine, and quetiapine, results in a reduction of MAPK and NFkappaB pro-inflammatory signaling through modulation of Hippo, Wnt, and TGF-beta pathways. Quetiapine Fumarate 92-102 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-221 34101281-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these data reveal that SA-Exo shuttled miR-26a promotes angiogenesis via TGF-beta/SMAD2/3 signalling contributing to SHED aggregate-based pulp tissue regeneration. 2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine 48-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 34101281-10 2021 Mechanistically, miR-26a, which is enriched in SA-Exo, improved angiogenesis both in SHED and HUVECs via regulating TGF-beta/SMAD2/3 signalling. 2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine 47-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 34174842-2 2021 Carnosine is a dipeptide that can inhibit TGF-beta synthesis. Dipeptides 15-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 42-50 34197482-12 2021 We further confirmed that miR-210-3p induced chemoresistance to TMZ in U87-MG cells via TGF-beta upregulation under hypoxic conditions. mir-210-3p 26-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 34197482-12 2021 We further confirmed that miR-210-3p induced chemoresistance to TMZ in U87-MG cells via TGF-beta upregulation under hypoxic conditions. Temozolomide 64-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 34193955-7 2021 Additionally, we identify transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) as an essential factor for Treg induction secreted by MAPC cells. treg 95-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-66 34109683-12 2021 CsA suppressed the TGF-beta-induced translocation of NFATc3 into the nuclei of hGF. Cyclosporine 0-3 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 34109683-14 2021 We confirmed that CsA, NIF, and PHT reduced cytosolic calcium levels increased by TGF-beta, while CaCl2 enhanced the TGF-beta-up-regulated NR4A1 expression. Cyclosporine 18-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34109683-14 2021 We confirmed that CsA, NIF, and PHT reduced cytosolic calcium levels increased by TGF-beta, while CaCl2 enhanced the TGF-beta-up-regulated NR4A1 expression. Calcium 54-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34126557-6 2021 A prostacyclin agonist, ONO-1301 (ONO), camostat mesilate (Cs), and pirfenidone (Pf) significantly decreased fibrotic ECM expression, and improved contraction/relaxation in the model stimulated with TGF-beta. Epoprostenol 2-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 199-207 34126557-6 2021 A prostacyclin agonist, ONO-1301 (ONO), camostat mesilate (Cs), and pirfenidone (Pf) significantly decreased fibrotic ECM expression, and improved contraction/relaxation in the model stimulated with TGF-beta. ONO 1301 24-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 199-207 34182915-2 2022 In the design and synthesis of TGF-beta inhibitors, a rhodanine compound containing a quinoxalinyl imidazole moiety was found to have strong antimicrobial activity. Rhodanine 54-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34182915-2 2022 In the design and synthesis of TGF-beta inhibitors, a rhodanine compound containing a quinoxalinyl imidazole moiety was found to have strong antimicrobial activity. quinoxalinyl imidazole 86-108 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 31-39 34182915-3 2022 OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of other chiral rhodanine TGF-beta inhibitors synthesized. Rhodanine 98-107 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-116 34206684-5 2021 Both forskolin, which increases cAMP levels, and TGFbeta inhibitor SB431542 can efficiently suppress myofibroblast differentiation of cultured fibroblasts. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 67-75 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 49-56 34248973-5 2021 The curcumin analog and antitumor agent, GO-Y030, prevented the TGF-beta-induced generation of Tregs by preventing p300 from accelerating NF-kappaB-induced Foxp3 expression. Curcumin 4-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 34248973-5 2021 The curcumin analog and antitumor agent, GO-Y030, prevented the TGF-beta-induced generation of Tregs by preventing p300 from accelerating NF-kappaB-induced Foxp3 expression. 1,5-bis(3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one 41-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 34248973-5 2021 The curcumin analog and antitumor agent, GO-Y030, prevented the TGF-beta-induced generation of Tregs by preventing p300 from accelerating NF-kappaB-induced Foxp3 expression. tregs 95-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-72 34248973-6 2021 Moreover, the addition of GO-Y030 resulted in a significant reduction in the number of acetylated histones at the Foxp3 promoter and at the conserved noncoding sequence 1 regions that are generated in response to TGF-beta. 1,5-bis(3,5-bis(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)penta-1,4-dien-3-one 26-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 213-221 34335928-11 2021 Additionally, we confirmed that ADNP promoted cell migration and EMT, thereby inducing cisplatin resistance, which may be related to TGF-beta / Smad signaling pathway. Cisplatin 87-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 133-141 34205339-0 2021 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Cause Cellular Senescence in TGF-beta Stimulated Lung Epithelial Cells. Carbon 13-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 34205678-4 2021 It is known that ROS mediate many of the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a key cytokine central in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which in turn can modulate ROS production and the related antioxidant system activity. Reactive Oxygen Species 17-20 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 34205678-4 2021 It is known that ROS mediate many of the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a key cytokine central in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, which in turn can modulate ROS production and the related antioxidant system activity. Reactive Oxygen Species 187-190 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 34205678-5 2021 Thus, ROS synergize with TGF-beta in cancer cell metabolism by increasing the redox imbalance in cancer cells and by inducing the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial event associated with tumor invasiveness and metastases. Reactive Oxygen Species 6-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-33 34284852-5 2021 During 3-6 months of treatment, compared with baseline, the PEG-IFN group showed a significant decrease in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin-17A (IL-17A), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) ( P < 0.001) and a significant increase in interferon-alpha 2(IFN-alpha2) ( P < 0.001). peg-ifn 60-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 244-252 34140545-0 2021 Concomitant attenuation of HMGCR expression and activity enhances the growth inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on TGF-beta-treated epithelial cancer cells. Atorvastatin 98-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 34207286-7 2021 In fact, clinical evidence has verified that TAMs, representing up to 50% of the tumor mass, exert both protumor and immunosuppressive effects in promoting tumor metastasis through secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10), transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), and VEGF, expression of PD-1 and consumption of arginine to inhibit T cell anti-tumor function. tams 45-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 250-257 34207168-4 2021 The effect of xanthone 1-conditioned THP-1 human macrophage supernatants on the metabolic viability of cervical and prostate cancer cell lines was determined along with its interference with cytokine expression characteristic of M1 profile (IL-1 <= beta; TNF-alpha) or M2 profile (IL-10; TGF-beta) (PCR and ELISA). xanthone 14-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 288-296 34484664-0 2021 Paraquat but not diquat induces TGF-beta expression and thus activates calcium-NFAT axis for epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Calcium 71-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34484664-4 2021 Importantly, such high expression of TGF-beta increases cytosolic calcium levels and further promotes the activation of calcineurin-NFAT axis. Calcium 66-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 34484664-8 2021 All in all, we found a vicious cycle that the upregulated TGF-beta in PQ-induced EMT further aggravates EMT via promotion of the calcium-calcineurin axis, which could be potential drug targets for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Paraquat 70-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 34484664-8 2021 All in all, we found a vicious cycle that the upregulated TGF-beta in PQ-induced EMT further aggravates EMT via promotion of the calcium-calcineurin axis, which could be potential drug targets for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Calcium 129-136 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 34484664-8 2021 All in all, we found a vicious cycle that the upregulated TGF-beta in PQ-induced EMT further aggravates EMT via promotion of the calcium-calcineurin axis, which could be potential drug targets for treating PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Paraquat 206-208 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 58-66 34140545-6 2021 Atorvastatin-induced growth inhibition was stronger in TGF-beta-treated cells than in cells not thusly treated. Atorvastatin 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 34208208-5 2021 Moreover, we detected an ROS-mediated toxicity of the acute treatment with TGFbeta, whereas a chronic exposure to low doses had a protumorigenic effect. ros 25-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-82 34208589-7 2021 Moreover, vitamin D strengthens the DNA repair process, and regulates apoptosis and autophagy of cancer cells as well as signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis i.e., tumor growth factor beta (TGFbeta), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and Wnt-beta-Cathenin. Vitamin D 10-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 198-205 34076013-4 2021 Here, we report a novel combination strategy to augment PDT based cancer therapy by combining hydroxyethyl starch-chlorin e6 conjugate self-assembled nanoparticles (HES-Ce6 NPs) with the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) inhibitor LY2157299 (LY). Hydroxyethyl starch 94-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 220-227 34076013-4 2021 Here, we report a novel combination strategy to augment PDT based cancer therapy by combining hydroxyethyl starch-chlorin e6 conjugate self-assembled nanoparticles (HES-Ce6 NPs) with the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) inhibitor LY2157299 (LY). phytochlorin 114-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 220-227 34208202-8 2021 Santamarine promoted collagen I production via relieving the UVA-induced suppression on TGF-beta and its downstream activator Smad2/3 complex. santamarine 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 88-96 34208383-10 2021 The predominant effect of VPP-induced photoreceptor degeneration pointed towards induction of neuroinflammation and the upregulation of neuroprotective pathways like TGF-beta, G-protein activated, and VEGF signaling. vpp 26-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 166-174 34101732-8 2021 Using pharmacological approach and genetically modified animals, we determined that NECA effects on TGFbeta pathway occur via A2A/A2B adenosine receptor-AC-PKA dependent manner. Adenosine 134-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-107 34112817-6 2021 The activation of canonical TGF-beta signaling by ADL was further confirmed by the phosphorylation of Smad3 and translocation of Smad2/3, using Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. ADL 50-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-36 34112817-7 2021 Finally, we showed that TGF-beta activity released from dentin by acid lysis adsorbs to titanium and collagen membranes. Titanium 88-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 24-32 34101732-0 2021 Adenosine/TGFbeta axis in regulation of mammary fibroblast functions. Adenosine 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-17 34101732-10 2021 Our data suggest a novel mechanism of interaction between adenosine and TGFbeta signaling pathways that can impact phenotype of fibroblasts in a tumor microenvironment. Adenosine 58-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 72-79 34101732-3 2021 Mechanisms behind lost TGFbeta signaling on CAF are poorly understood, but, utilizing MMTV-PyMT mouse model, we have previously demonstrated that in tumor microenvironment myeloid cells, producing adenosine, contribute to downregulated TGFbeta signaling on CAFs. Adenosine 197-206 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-30 34099837-5 2021 We used inhibitors of BMP and TGF-beta signaling, such as SB431542, dorsomorphin and/or a supplemental addition of BMP-2. dorsomorphin 68-80 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 34200497-7 2021 Further, depletion of Yap reduced TGFbeta/hypoxia-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473 and Thr308, without any significant effect on TGFbeta/hypoxia-induced ERK1/2 activation or reduction in S6 and S6 kinase activities. Serine 118-121 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 34-41 34122401-5 2021 These findings establish a proof-of-concept to use PLGA NPs as aAPCs for the induction of human Tregs in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the immunotherapeutic potential of this targeted approach to repair IL-2 and/or TGF-beta defects documented in certain autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. tregs 96-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-225 34141706-15 2021 The GSEA results indicate that the TGF-beta pathway and apoptosis are activated in high TLR4 bladder cancer, while G2M checkpoint and E2F targets pathways are enriched in low TLR4 bladder cancer. gsea 4-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 35-43 34124197-0 2021 Pilose Antler Peptide-3.2KD Ameliorates Adriamycin-Induced Myocardial Injury Through TGF-beta/SMAD Signaling Pathway. pilose 0-6 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 34124197-0 2021 Pilose Antler Peptide-3.2KD Ameliorates Adriamycin-Induced Myocardial Injury Through TGF-beta/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Doxorubicin 40-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 34061898-3 2021 Since TGF-beta activates Tregs, TGF-beta inhibitor may overcome primary resistance to anti-PD-1. tregs 25-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-14 34061898-3 2021 Since TGF-beta activates Tregs, TGF-beta inhibitor may overcome primary resistance to anti-PD-1. tregs 25-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34070506-6 2021 In a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, pHD decreased the level of tissue IL-1beta and TGF-beta, prevented the infiltration of the lung parenchyma by CD16+ cells, and reduced perivascular and peribronchial inflammation. Bleomycin 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 34567165-7 2021 Besides, taxifolin could also increase the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (VEGF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and fibroblast growth factor21 (FGF21), resulting in viability rate increasing. taxifolin 9-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-153 34073989-8 2021 (3) Results: Our findings indicate a differential metabolic switch in response to TGF-beta when the HCC cells undergo a full EMT, which would favor lipolysis, increased transport and utilization of free fatty acids (FFA), decreased aerobic glycolysis and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Fatty Acids, Nonesterified 198-214 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34073989-8 2021 (3) Results: Our findings indicate a differential metabolic switch in response to TGF-beta when the HCC cells undergo a full EMT, which would favor lipolysis, increased transport and utilization of free fatty acids (FFA), decreased aerobic glycolysis and an increase in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Fatty Acids, Nonesterified 216-219 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 34073989-9 2021 (4) Conclusions: EMT induced by TGF-beta in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process. Fatty Acids, Nonesterified 115-118 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34073989-9 2021 (4) Conclusions: EMT induced by TGF-beta in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process. Acetyl Coenzyme A 136-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34073989-9 2021 (4) Conclusions: EMT induced by TGF-beta in HCC cells reprograms lipid metabolism to facilitate the utilization of FFA and the entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA cycle, to sustain the elevated requirements of energy linked to this process. Trichloroacetic Acid 156-159 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 34065411-7 2021 Moreover, HepG2 cells under spinning conditions exhibited intensive TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity as well as hepatotoxicity prevention by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Acetaminophen 159-172 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 34065411-7 2021 Moreover, HepG2 cells under spinning conditions exhibited intensive TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity as well as hepatotoxicity prevention by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). 4-amino-N-acetyl-N-methylaniline 174-178 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 34065411-7 2021 Moreover, HepG2 cells under spinning conditions exhibited intensive TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity as well as hepatotoxicity prevention by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Acetylcysteine 261-277 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 34065411-7 2021 Moreover, HepG2 cells under spinning conditions exhibited intensive TGFbeta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and increased susceptibility to acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity as well as hepatotoxicity prevention by administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Acetylcysteine 279-282 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-75 34909718-8 2021 Simultaneous addition of dHACM treatment prevented the marked contraction, which is likely a direct result of the inhibition of TGFbeta signaling mentioned earlier. dhacm 25-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-135 34602393-4 2021 The efficacy variables include: creatinine; cystatin C; TGF-beta levels; oxidants/reactive oxygen species production induced by TGF-beta; collagen levels (type 1 and 4); urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and Glomerular area. Oxygen 91-97 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 128-136 34315368-12 2021 Docking molecular studies were performed to better understand the binding mode of pyrimidine derivatives inside the TGF-beta active site. pyrimidine 82-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 34909649-0 2021 Reversal of TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma by sorafenib, a VEGFR-2 and Raf kinase inhibitor. Sorafenib 94-103 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 34664243-6 2021 Excessive mitochondrial ROS activate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, thereby inducing fibroblasts activation and facilitating tumor microenvironment formation. Reactive Oxygen Species 24-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 70-78 34740826-7 2021 Our results indicate that lysine 343 localized in the SAND domain of SKIL constitutes a target for RNF111 ubiquitylation and demonstrate that RNF111 E3 ubiquitin ligase function specifically targets SKI and SKIL ubiquitylation and degradation upon TGF-beta pathway activation. Lysine 26-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 248-256 35569570-9 2022 Two compounds EPZ004777 and FG-2216 consistently reversed TGF-beta1 iTregs in terms of (a) differentiation of naive T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells, (b) Foxp3 target gene expression and (c) Treg suppressive function without affecting TGF-beta downstream signalling. 2-(1-chloro-4-hydroxyisoquinoline-3-carboxamido)acetic acid 28-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 241-249 35314903-12 2022 Also, the in vitro experiment showed that UA induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and production of IL-1, IL-6, and TGF-beta in A549 cells. Uric Acid 42-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 130-138 35569570-9 2022 Two compounds EPZ004777 and FG-2216 consistently reversed TGF-beta1 iTregs in terms of (a) differentiation of naive T cells into CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells, (b) Foxp3 target gene expression and (c) Treg suppressive function without affecting TGF-beta downstream signalling. EPZ004777 14-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 241-249 35544303-4 2022 Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-induced EMT is accompanied by decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and reduced acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) levels. Fatty Acids 109-119 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 35544303-4 2022 Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-induced EMT is accompanied by decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and reduced acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) levels. Acetyl Coenzyme A 167-177 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 35544303-4 2022 Here, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-induced EMT is accompanied by decreased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and reduced acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) levels. Acetyl Coenzyme A 148-165 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 35483626-4 2022 With regards to OA, melatonin reportedly promotes synthesis of cartilage matrix, inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis, attenuation of inflammatory response, and suppression of matrix degradation by regulating the TGF-beta, MAPK, or NF-kappaB signaling pathways. Melatonin 20-29 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 212-220 35586908-5 2022 FA-EDTA/ICG-Lip NPs can release EDTA and ICG in lysosomes (pH 4.5) to reduce ECM production by down-regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and activating an immune response by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD), respectively. Edetic Acid 32-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 35586908-5 2022 FA-EDTA/ICG-Lip NPs can release EDTA and ICG in lysosomes (pH 4.5) to reduce ECM production by down-regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and activating an immune response by inducing tumor cell immunogenic cell death (ICD), respectively. Indocyanine Green 41-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 144-152 35405009-3 2022 Activation of the TGF-beta target gene PRRX2 promoted enzalutamide resistance. enzalutamide 54-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 35501461-8 2022 Mechanistically, Nedd4 enhanced TGF-beta signal transduction mediated tumor progression by directly binding to TGF-beta type I receptor (TGFBR1) and forming K27-linked ubiquitin at Lysine 391. Lysine 181-187 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-40 35427821-10 2022 In conclusion, our data show that metformin inhibits TGF-beta-induced expression of fibrotic markers and contraction in hand-derived fibroblasts. Metformin 34-43 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 53-61 35599423-17 2022 Conclusions: Sodium ferulate can inhibit the proliferation of HSFbs of human skin and promote the apoptosis of HSFbs of human skin by blocking the expression of key proteins on the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and synergistically activating the mitochon- drial apoptosis pathway. ferulic acid 13-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 181-189 35590477-5 2022 Using APQ to quantify the time-resolved proteomic profiles during a TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, we found many differentially expressed proteins associated with fatty acid degradation, indicating that fatty acid metabolism reprogramming occurred during the process. Fatty Acids 184-194 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 35590477-5 2022 Using APQ to quantify the time-resolved proteomic profiles during a TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, we found many differentially expressed proteins associated with fatty acid degradation, indicating that fatty acid metabolism reprogramming occurred during the process. Fatty Acids 224-234 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-76 35596058-0 2022 Suppression of TGF-beta/Smad2 signaling by GW788388 enhances DENV-2 clearance in macrophages. 4-(4-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridin-2-yl)-N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)benzamide 43-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-23 35366491-0 2022 Urokinase plasminogen activator induces epithelial-mesenchymal and metastasis of pancreatic cancer through plasmin/MMP14/TGF-beta axis, which is inhibited by 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B treatment. 4-acetylantroquinonol B 158-182 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 35366491-10 2022 Notably, 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (4-AAQB) treatment suppressed MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell migratory and invasive abilities by inhibiting the uPA/MMP14/TGF-beta axis through upregulation of miR-181d-5p. 4-acetylantroquinonol B 9-33 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-159 35366491-10 2022 Notably, 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (4-AAQB) treatment suppressed MiaPaCa-2 and PANC-1 cell migratory and invasive abilities by inhibiting the uPA/MMP14/TGF-beta axis through upregulation of miR-181d-5p. 4-acetylantroquinonol B 35-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 151-159 35628549-10 2022 The enrichment of the TGF-beta-based protocol with butyrate or propionate potentiated the in vitro differentiation of human naive CD4+ non-Tregs towards iTregs and augmented the suppressive capacity of the latter. Butyrates 51-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-30 35628549-10 2022 The enrichment of the TGF-beta-based protocol with butyrate or propionate potentiated the in vitro differentiation of human naive CD4+ non-Tregs towards iTregs and augmented the suppressive capacity of the latter. Propionates 63-73 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-30 35577580-7 2022 The results showed that 25-OHC decreased TGF-beta and IL-37 mRNA expression and increased EBI3, p35, IL-18, IL-23 mRNA expression in endothelial cell as compared to an untreated control (p<0.05). 25-hydroxycholesterol 24-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 35583127-7 2022 However, treatment with 200 nM of isoliquiritigenin considerably inhibited the TEMT and suppressed the TGFbeta/STAT3 mechanism to inhibit collagen secretion. isoliquiritigenin 34-51 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-110 35577580-4 2022 The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rivaroxaban (Riv) and dabigatran (Dab) on the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta, IL-37, IL-35 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-23, in endothelial cells damaged by 25-OHC. Rivaroxaban 49-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 35585611-8 2022 Furthermore, the genes associated with these DMCs were enriched in the biology process of "cell development," "neuron differentiation" and "developmental growth," and in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, PPAR Alpha pathway, endoderm differentiation pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway as well as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Chlorodimethylsilane 45-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35585611-8 2022 Furthermore, the genes associated with these DMCs were enriched in the biology process of "cell development," "neuron differentiation" and "developmental growth," and in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, PPAR Alpha pathway, endoderm differentiation pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway as well as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway. Cyclic AMP 331-335 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35631449-0 2022 Tofacitinib May Inhibit Myofibroblast Differentiation from Rheumatoid-Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Induced by TGF-beta and IL-6. tofacitinib 0-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 35577580-4 2022 The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rivaroxaban (Riv) and dabigatran (Dab) on the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta, IL-37, IL-35 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-23, in endothelial cells damaged by 25-OHC. Rivaroxaban 62-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 35577580-8 2022 mRNA expression of TGF-beta and IL-37 significantly increased following stimulation with rivaroxaban and dabigatran as compared to an untreated control (p<0.01). Rivaroxaban 89-100 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 35577580-4 2022 The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rivaroxaban (Riv) and dabigatran (Dab) on the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta, IL-37, IL-35 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-23, in endothelial cells damaged by 25-OHC. Dabigatran 71-81 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 35577580-4 2022 The aim of the study was to assess the effect of rivaroxaban (Riv) and dabigatran (Dab) on the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-beta, IL-37, IL-35 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-23, in endothelial cells damaged by 25-OHC. Dabigatran 83-86 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 142-150 35577580-8 2022 mRNA expression of TGF-beta and IL-37 significantly increased following stimulation with rivaroxaban and dabigatran as compared to an untreated control (p<0.01). Dabigatran 105-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 35577580-9 2022 In HUVECs pre-treated with oxysterol, rivaroxaban and dabigatran increased mRNA expression of TGF-beta, IL-37 and decreased mRNA expression of EBI3, p35, IL-23 and IL-18 as compared to 25-OHC(p<0.01). Oxysterols 27-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 35577580-9 2022 In HUVECs pre-treated with oxysterol, rivaroxaban and dabigatran increased mRNA expression of TGF-beta, IL-37 and decreased mRNA expression of EBI3, p35, IL-23 and IL-18 as compared to 25-OHC(p<0.01). Rivaroxaban 38-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 35577580-9 2022 In HUVECs pre-treated with oxysterol, rivaroxaban and dabigatran increased mRNA expression of TGF-beta, IL-37 and decreased mRNA expression of EBI3, p35, IL-23 and IL-18 as compared to 25-OHC(p<0.01). Dabigatran 54-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 94-102 35562675-8 2022 The PTGS2/NF-kb pathway, TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway and AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications may be the major signaling pathways under conditions of ROS-induced damage in TM cells. ros 170-173 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 25-33 35601740-11 2022 Further study showed that high expression of DYNC1H1 was enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the TGF beta signaling pathway by GSEA analysis enrichment, indicating that DYNC1H1 might play a key role in the progression of CRC through EMT and immune response, which also had been validated by the experimental assays. gsea 147-151 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 35446183-13 2022 Treatment of cells with only SB431542 also increased expression of some E/M genes indicating TGF-beta independent effects. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 29-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101 35446183-14 2022 Increased IL-6 and IL-10 secretion by SB431542 along with increase in pSTAT3 and pCREB1 could probably explain these TGF-beta/Smad3 independent effects. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 38-46 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 35446183-15 2022 CONCLUSION: These results highlight that TGF-beta-pSMAD3 and TNF-alpha-pNF-kB are the predominant signaling pathways in radioresistant cells and possibility of some TGF-beta/Smad3 independent effects on prolonged treatment with the drug SB431542. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 237-245 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 35446183-15 2022 CONCLUSION: These results highlight that TGF-beta-pSMAD3 and TNF-alpha-pNF-kB are the predominant signaling pathways in radioresistant cells and possibility of some TGF-beta/Smad3 independent effects on prolonged treatment with the drug SB431542. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 237-245 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 165-173 35597155-3 2022 In vitro evidence implicates the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily ligands activin-A and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) in innate platinum resistance. Platinum 162-170 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 35544697-5 2022 DRD2 and DRD5 are the dominant dopaminergic receptors expressed in ARPE-19 cells and TGFbeta stimulates enhances autocrine release of dopamine which we show further exasperates fibrotic activation. Dopamine 134-142 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 85-92 35586056-6 2022 Naringenin promoted M2 transition and the secretion of osteogenic cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, BMP2, and TGF-beta, while suppressing LPS-induced M1 polarization and the production of proinflammatory factors such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. naringenin 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 109-117 35538070-6 2022 Integrin beta1 activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which phosphorylates TGFbeta receptor type I (TGFbetaRI) at tyrosine 182 to enhance its binding to TGFbeta receptor type II (TGFbetaRII), thereby activating TGFbeta signaling. Tyrosine 114-122 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-218 35586685-0 2022 Bellidifolin Inhibits SRY-Related High Mobility Group-Box Gene 9 to Block TGF-beta Signalling Activation to Ameliorate Myocardial Fibrosis. bellidifolin 0-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 74-82 35578687-10 2022 Results: A total of 733 DEGs were identified in GSE41883 and GSE27494, which were mainly enriched in transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine, kinase signaling pathway, response to lipopolysaccharide, and other biological processes, and they were mainly related to TGF beta signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Serine 132-138 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 272-280 35578687-10 2022 Results: A total of 733 DEGs were identified in GSE41883 and GSE27494, which were mainly enriched in transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine, kinase signaling pathway, response to lipopolysaccharide, and other biological processes, and they were mainly related to TGF beta signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. Threonine 139-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 272-280 35533553-7 2022 In addition, PBMCs from preeclamptic women treated with SB released lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta. Silybin 56-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 146-154 28723053-12 2022 When activated by binding of TGF-beta cytokines, this receptor can phosphorylate downstream proteins on serine and threonine residues. Serine 104-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 28723053-12 2022 When activated by binding of TGF-beta cytokines, this receptor can phosphorylate downstream proteins on serine and threonine residues. Threonine 115-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 35563498-0 2022 Physosmotic Induction of Chondrogenic Maturation Is TGF-beta Dependent and Enhanced by Calcineurin Inhibitor FK506. Tacrolimus 109-114 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-60 35563498-12 2022 While hyperosmolarity alone facilitates TGF-beta superfamily signaling, FK506 further enhances signaling by releasing the FKBP12 break from the type I receptor to improve collagenous marker expression. Tacrolimus 72-77 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 35499276-10 2022 Additionally, NiSO4 triggered inflammation in HUVECs, increasing the protein and mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha and reducing those of TGF-beta. nickel sulfate 14-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 137-145 35471587-10 2022 Furthermore, PMA-induced PKC-delta phosphorylation, TGF-alpha, and EGF-triggered EGFR phosphorylation were attenuated by TXNIP knockdown. Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate 13-16 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 52-61 35563439-8 2022 A mechanistic study showed that HPH-15 inhibits downstream TGF-beta signaling. hph-15 32-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-67 35291052-4 2022 LY3200882 (LY), a selective transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibitor, was encapsulated in the ROS-responsive nanogel and dispersed uniformly with regorafenib (REG) in a thermo-sensitive hydrogel (Gel/(REG+NG/LY)). LY3200882 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 61-69 35405577-6 2022 The antitumor mechanisms of PT/DOX-MS were possibly due to that the introduction of PT-2385 could effectively inhibit the expression level of HIF-2alpha in hypoxic HCC cells, thereby down-regulating the expression levels of Cyclin D1, VEGF and TGF-alpha. Platinum 28-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 244-253 35405577-6 2022 The antitumor mechanisms of PT/DOX-MS were possibly due to that the introduction of PT-2385 could effectively inhibit the expression level of HIF-2alpha in hypoxic HCC cells, thereby down-regulating the expression levels of Cyclin D1, VEGF and TGF-alpha. Doxorubicin 31-34 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 244-253 35462305-2 2022 In this study, we successfully constructed a programmed site-specific delivery nanosystem for the combined delivery of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) receptor inhibitor LY3200882 (LY) and PD-L1 siRNA (siPD-L1) to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy. LY3200882 181-190 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 152-160 35436011-8 2022 In TGF-beta1-treated fibroblasts, colchicine or Hedgehog pathway inhibitor 4 impaired the midbody formation, and attenuated the upregulation of canonical TGF-beta/Smad signaling and alpha-SMA expression. Colchicine 34-44 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 35149293-10 2022 The phenomenon, which was dependent on PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-beta/SMAD signaling, could be blocked by LY294002 and LY2109761. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one 102-110 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 35149293-10 2022 The phenomenon, which was dependent on PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-beta/SMAD signaling, could be blocked by LY294002 and LY2109761. LY2109761 115-124 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 35421526-6 2022 Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Losartan 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-26 35202639-10 2022 Furthermore, some pharmacological compounds such as thymoquinone and valproic acid can suppress TGF-beta signaling for PCa therapy. thymoquinone 52-64 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 35202639-10 2022 Furthermore, some pharmacological compounds such as thymoquinone and valproic acid can suppress TGF-beta signaling for PCa therapy. Valproic Acid 69-82 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 96-104 35339637-0 2022 CYSTEINE-RICH DOMAIN OF TYPE III COLLAGEN N-PROPEPTIDE INHIBITS FIBROBLAST ACTIVATION BY ATTENUATING TGFbeta SIGNALING. n-propeptide 42-54 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 101-108 35377493-4 2022 However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear. Arecoline 49-58 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 35377493-4 2022 However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear. N-methyladenosine 137-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 35377493-4 2022 However, in OSF field, the role and mechanism of arecoline-induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling on N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification remain unclear. N-methyladenosine 157-160 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 35377493-9 2022 RESULTS: m6A level was increased in OSF tissues compared to normal tissues; arecoline promoted the m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 and Mettl14 through TGF-beta. Arecoline 76-85 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 148-156 35377493-12 2022 CONCLUSION: TGF-beta-METTL14-m6A-MYC axis was crucially implicated in arecoline-mediated OSF and may be an effective therapeutic strategy for OSF treatment. Arecoline 70-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 12-20 35339637-4 2022 Moreover, kinetic binding studies show that a synthetic peptide containing a Col3 cysteine-rich (CR) domain found within its N-propeptide binds in a dose-dependent manner to TGFbeta1, while a CR control peptide with mutated cysteines does not, suggesting that Col3 attenuates TGFbeta signaling in part through the N-propeptide CR domain. Cysteine 82-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 276-283 35421526-6 2022 Losartan, a known TGF beta signaling inhibitor, when applied topically to the cornea after fibrotic injury, alters this COL IV-TGF beta pathway by down-regulating COL IV production by corneal fibroblasts. Losartan 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 35138513-5 2022 Moreover, TGF-beta increased the expression of p-Smad2/3-NOX4 in LX-2 cells and consequently increased ROS content, which is a trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ros 103-106 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 10-18 35138513-6 2022 Elevated expression of NEK7 and active caspase-1 was also shown in TGF-beta-induced LX-2 cells, and this level was reduced by (5Z)-oxozeaenol, a TAK inhibitor. (5z)-oxozeaenol 126-141 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 35486317-8 2022 An increase in CD4+CTL4-4+ cells was detected in selenium-primed cell cultures in absence of IL-2 and TGF-beta. Selenium 49-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 102-110 35203105-8 2022 A functional analysis of the role of NOX4 downstream of TGFbeta in several patient-derived GSCs showed that TGFbeta does indeed induce NOX4 expression and increases ROS production in a NOX4-dependent manner. Reactive Oxygen Species 165-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 56-63 35203105-8 2022 A functional analysis of the role of NOX4 downstream of TGFbeta in several patient-derived GSCs showed that TGFbeta does indeed induce NOX4 expression and increases ROS production in a NOX4-dependent manner. Reactive Oxygen Species 165-168 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 108-115 35484112-8 2022 Moreover, a small-molecule compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-beta-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole 36-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 162-170 35488265-0 2022 The compound LG283 inhibits bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis via antagonizing TGF-beta signaling. lg283 13-18 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 77-85 35488265-7 2022 The action of LG283 on TGF-beta-dependent fibrogenic activity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was analyzed in vitro. lg283 14-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 23-31 35488265-9 2022 RESULTS: LG283 suppressed TGF-beta-induced expression of ECM, alpha-SMA, and transcription factors Snail 1 and 2, and Smad3 phosphorylation in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. lg283 9-14 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 26-34 35488265-15 2022 CONCLUSIONS: The LG283 compound exhibits antagonistic activity on fibrosis and vascular injury through inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad/Snail mesenchymal transition pathways and thus, may be a candidate therapeutic for the treatment of SSc. lg283 17-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 117-125 35529934-7 2022 Results: Higenamine increased TGF-beta, Smad3 DNA-binding phosphorylation, and COL1A1 expression in primary human fibroblast cells and mouse skin. higenamine 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 35563778-4 2022 The GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 attenuated TGFbeta-induced fibroblast activation. CB-839 19-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-44 35563778-6 2022 TGFbeta induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFbeta was lost. Glutamine 60-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 35563778-6 2022 TGFbeta induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFbeta was lost. Glutamine 60-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-224 35563778-6 2022 TGFbeta induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFbeta was lost. Glutamic Acid 74-83 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-7 35461277-11 2022 TGF-beta signaling pathway was most significant enriched pathway in GSEA. gsea 68-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35563212-9 2022 TGF-beta also induced Rab11b-GTP formation, and Rab11b-GTP but not Rab11b-GDP significantly activated the actin-activated ATPase activity of Myo5B. Guanosine Triphosphate 29-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35625561-6 2022 TGF-beta belongs to a family of cytokines that exert their function through signaling via serine/threonine kinase transmembrane receptors to intracellular Smad proteins via the canonical pathway and in combination with co-regulators such as the adaptor protein and E3 ubiquitin ligases TNF receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) to promote non-canonical pathways. Serine 90-96 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35517820-3 2022 PPARalpha, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-beta/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid beta-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases. Fatty Acids 123-133 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-46 35517812-4 2022 CXCR2 inhibition abrogated doxorubicin-mediated TGF-beta upregulation in 3D in vitro TNBC coculture with PBMCs and eliminated drug resistance in TNBC mammospheres, suggesting a vital role for CXCR2 in TNBC doxorubicin-resistance via TGF-beta signaling regulation. Doxorubicin 27-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 48-56 35517820-3 2022 PPARalpha, AMPK, sirtuins, HIF-1, and TGF-beta/SMAD3 activation have all been shown to play key roles in the regulation of fatty acid beta-oxidation in kidney diseases, and restoration of fatty acid beta-oxidation by modulation of these molecules can ameliorate the development of such diseases. Fatty Acids 188-198 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 38-46 35517812-4 2022 CXCR2 inhibition abrogated doxorubicin-mediated TGF-beta upregulation in 3D in vitro TNBC coculture with PBMCs and eliminated drug resistance in TNBC mammospheres, suggesting a vital role for CXCR2 in TNBC doxorubicin-resistance via TGF-beta signaling regulation. Doxorubicin 27-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 233-241 35444213-10 2022 The BKMR model showed a significantly positive association of PFAS mixture with TGF-beta and a negative association with IL-10. pfas 62-66 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 35413833-10 2022 CONCLUSION: Our research proved for the first time that GluOC facilitates the proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells by accelerating the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/SMAD3 signaling pathway. gluoc 56-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 180-188 35420725-5 2022 Losartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist, is an inhibitor of TGF-beta activity. Losartan 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 35458126-0 2022 Ginsenoside Rh4 Suppresses Metastasis of Gastric Cancer via SIX1-Dependent TGF-beta/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. ginsenoside Rh4 0-15 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 75-83 35413945-7 2022 Reciprocally, TGF-beta from TAMs activated RAD18 in TNBC to enhance tumor stemness, forming a positive feedback loop. Tamoxifen 28-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 35427725-13 2022 In addition, Feiyanning could regulate the polarization of TANs, inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils with an immunosuppressive phenotype, downregulate CXCLs/CXCR2 signaling and inhibitory molecules like Arg-1 and TGF-beta, and up-regulate the immune effector molecule ICAM-1. tans 59-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 217-225 35453765-10 2022 These results suggested that the effects of TGF-beta in human cholangiocytes could be related to an imbalance of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Calcium 127-134 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 35458126-8 2022 Further validation by proteomic screening, co-treatment with disitertide, and SIX1 signal silencing revealed that SIX1, a target of Rh4, induced EMT by activating the TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Disitertide 61-72 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 35458126-8 2022 Further validation by proteomic screening, co-treatment with disitertide, and SIX1 signal silencing revealed that SIX1, a target of Rh4, induced EMT by activating the TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. methyl (2R)-3-(furan-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)propanoate 132-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 35458126-9 2022 In summary, our discoveries demonstrated the essential basis of the anti-GC metastatic effects of Rh4 via suppressing the SIX1-TGF-beta/Smad2/3 signaling axis, which delivers a new idea for the clinical treatment of GC. methyl (2R)-3-(furan-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)propanoate 98-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 127-135 35454784-6 2022 The oligonucleotide microarray method allowed the identification of 16 differential genes associated with TGFbeta isoforms. Oligonucleotides 4-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-113 35170357-6 2022 IRE1alpha enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs, since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin alphavbeta6, a key activator of TGFbeta in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGFbeta-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. datps 48-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 132-139 35392957-7 2022 In the immune microenvironment of CCA, cancer cells and stromal cells such as TAMs, TANs, MSDCs and CAFs inhibit the immune protection function of TILs by secreting factors like IL-10 and TGF-beta. Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl 84-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 35392957-7 2022 In the immune microenvironment of CCA, cancer cells and stromal cells such as TAMs, TANs, MSDCs and CAFs inhibit the immune protection function of TILs by secreting factors like IL-10 and TGF-beta. 10-methyl spiro(4.5)dec-6-en-6-carboxylic acid 90-95 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 188-196 35120266-5 2022 Comprehensive mechanism explorations uncover that the activations of cell proliferation and collagen-related genes (e.g., MMP-1 and COL3A1) and the dampening of fibrosis-related (e.g., TGF-beta/Smad) and mechanosensitive genes (e.g., YAP/TAZ) are responsible for the scarless memory repair of such UME-responsive scaffolds via enhancing collagen deposition, recalling mechanical memory, decreasing fibrosis and inflammation and accelerating angiogenesis. N-ethyl-2-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-6-(1-phenylethyl)isonicotinamide 298-301 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-193 35128843-7 2022 Using glutathione-responsive degradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF-beta1 receptor, it is demonstrated that local inhibition of TGF-beta within the tumor microenvironment promotes neutrophil polarization into an antitumor phenotype, enhances pancreatic cancer response to combined IRE and alphaPD1 therapy, and induces long-term antitumor memory. Glutathione 6-17 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35128843-7 2022 Using glutathione-responsive degradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF-beta1 receptor, it is demonstrated that local inhibition of TGF-beta within the tumor microenvironment promotes neutrophil polarization into an antitumor phenotype, enhances pancreatic cancer response to combined IRE and alphaPD1 therapy, and induces long-term antitumor memory. mesoporous silica 40-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35128843-7 2022 Using glutathione-responsive degradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with SB525334, an inhibitor of TGF-beta1 receptor, it is demonstrated that local inhibition of TGF-beta within the tumor microenvironment promotes neutrophil polarization into an antitumor phenotype, enhances pancreatic cancer response to combined IRE and alphaPD1 therapy, and induces long-term antitumor memory. 6-(2-tert-butyl-5-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)quinoxaline 84-92 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 174-182 35390248-8 2022 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that inhibition of TGF-beta signaling with vactosertib in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy would be an attractive strategy for the prevention of cancer metastasis and recurrence. vactosertib 79-90 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 55-63 35377835-7 2022 Further characterization of the effects of MK-5108 demonstrate that it inhibits YAP nuclear localization indirectly via effects on actin polymerization and TGFbeta signaling. 4-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-1-((6-(1,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)pyridin to 2-yl)methyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 43-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 156-163 35503449-8 2022 Our results suggest that OBP-301 inhibits the TGF-beta-induced EMT phenotype in human esophageal cancer cells. obp-301 25-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 35170357-6 2022 IRE1alpha enhances the profibrotic phenotype of DATPs, since KIRA8 decreases expression of integrin alphavbeta6, a key activator of TGFbeta in pulmonary fibrosis, corresponding to decreased TGFbeta-induced gene expression in the epithelium and decreased collagen accumulation around DATPs. datps 48-53 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 190-197 35409294-5 2022 The selective transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) receptor type 1/2 inhibitor LY2109761 reversed the DEHP-induced cell proliferation and migration enhancement as well as the increased expression of crucial molecules involved in inflammation, EMT, and stemness, indicating that DEHP-triggered phenomena occur via the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. LY2109761 85-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 323-331 35571395-6 2022 First, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and Wnt signaling pathways were regulated by adding SB4315542 and CHIR99021, and hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into neural crest cells (NCCs) by a chemically defined and serum-free in vitro induction method. sb4315542 106-115 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 44-52 35321783-7 2022 Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of alpha-TAT1, significantly abrogated the TGF-beta-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of alpha-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in alpha-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity. Serine 43-49 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-186 35321783-7 2022 Moreover, the substitution of alanine with serine, the 236th amino acid located at the C-terminus, which contains the CK2-binding site of alpha-TAT1, significantly abrogated the TGF-beta-induced microtubule acetylation in the soft matrix, indicating that the successful binding of CK2 and the C-terminus of alpha-TAT1 led to the phosphorylation of serine at the 236th position of amino acids in alpha-TAT1 and regulation of its catalytic activity. Serine 348-354 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 178-186 34974534-0 2022 O-GlcNAcylation of MORC2 at threonine 556 by OGT couples TGF-beta signaling to breast cancer progression. Threonine 28-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 57-65 35108585-0 2022 Botox-A improve the thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) orbital fibroblast activation through inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad signaling. botox-a 0-7 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 35108585-5 2022 TGF-beta stimulation induced the proliferation and ECM production by TAO orbital fibroblast, which was significantly inhibited by BTX-A or TACA treatment. TAC Alternate 139-143 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35108585-6 2022 Under TGF-beta stimulation, the inhibitory effects of BTX-A or TACA treatment on TAO orbital fibroblast proliferation and ECM production were reversed by TGF-beta/Smad signaling agonist SRI-011381. TAC Alternate 63-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 35108585-6 2022 Under TGF-beta stimulation, the inhibitory effects of BTX-A or TACA treatment on TAO orbital fibroblast proliferation and ECM production were reversed by TGF-beta/Smad signaling agonist SRI-011381. SRI-011381 186-196 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-14 35108585-6 2022 Under TGF-beta stimulation, the inhibitory effects of BTX-A or TACA treatment on TAO orbital fibroblast proliferation and ECM production were reversed by TGF-beta/Smad signaling agonist SRI-011381. SRI-011381 186-196 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 35571400-10 2022 Finally, GSEA indicated that WNT5A is implicated in the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways, which may be related to tumor immunity. gsea 9-13 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 89-96 35067813-6 2022 RESULTS: The results showed that the levels of mRNA expression of TGF-beta, alphaSMA, Collagen1 genes, and phosphorylated smad3 protein were significantly reduced in fructose-activated HSCs after treatment with Quercetin compared to fructose-activated HSCs. Quercetin 211-220 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 34980594-0 2022 DNA-PK inhibitor peposertib amplifies radiation-induced inflammatory micronucleation and enhances TGFbeta/PD-L1 targeted cancer immunotherapy. nedisertib 17-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-105 34980594-4 2022 Here, we show that inhibiting the repair of DSBs induced by ionizing radiation with peposertib offers a powerful new way for improving radiotherapy by simultaneously enhancing cancer cell killing and response to a bifunctional TGFbeta "trap"/anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. 1,2-di-(4-sulfamidophenyl)-4-butylpyrazolidine-3,5-dione 44-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 227-234 34980594-4 2022 Here, we show that inhibiting the repair of DSBs induced by ionizing radiation with peposertib offers a powerful new way for improving radiotherapy by simultaneously enhancing cancer cell killing and response to a bifunctional TGFbeta "trap"/anti-PD-L1 cancer immunotherapy. nedisertib 84-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 227-234 35113812-11 2022 GSEA identified TGF-beta pathway as top activated signaling pathway in OI. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 16-24 35067813-7 2022 CONCLUSION: Quercetin is effective in reducing the expression of fibrogenic genes in fructose-activated human HSCs through downregulation of the TGF-beta/smad3 signaling pathway. Quercetin 12-21 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-153 35401218-0 2022 Combination Therapy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Gliclazide and Ramipril Protects Against Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad Pathway. Thioctic Acid 23-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 35332268-11 2022 Moreover, we demonstrated that the DNMT3A inhibitor SGI-1027 induced USP2, suppressed TGF-beta signaling and GBM development. SGI-1027 52-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 86-94 35431964-7 2022 Comparatively, the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by miR-130a-3p targeting TGF-betaRII in the TGF-beta1-deduced fibrotic cell model. mir-130a-3p 68-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 19-27 35406446-0 2022 TGF-beta/SMAD Pathway Is Modulated by miR-26b-5p: Another Piece in the Puzzle of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Progression. mir-26b-5p 38-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35401236-4 2022 In vivo, our results showed that AKEX0011 ameliorated silica-induced imaging lung damages, respiratory dysfunction, reduced the secretion of inflammatory and fibrotic factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, TGF-beta, IL-4, and IL-10), and the deposition of fibrosis-related proteins (collagen I, fibronectin, and alpha-SMA), regardless of early or advanced therapy. Silicon Dioxide 54-60 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 203-211 35179349-8 2022 The boosted antitumor immunity was achieved mainly by the inhibition of Bruton"s tyrosine kinase activation mediated by ibrutinib, which reduced the proportion of TIBs, enhanced infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, increased the secretion of immunogenic cytokines including IL-2 and IFN-gamma, and inhibited the proliferation of regulatory T cells and secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines including IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-beta. ibrutinib 120-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 422-430 35361751-0 2022 AMTB, a TRPM8 antagonist, suppresses growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma through repressing the TGFbeta signaling pathway. adenosylmethionine tosylate bis(sulfate) 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 98-105 35361751-6 2022 Finally, RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore the mechanism underlying the antitumoral effect of AMTB on osteosarcoma cells and the results prove that AMTB suppresses the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway. adenosylmethionine tosylate bis(sulfate) 109-113 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 216-223 35361751-6 2022 Finally, RNA sequencing analysis was performed to explore the mechanism underlying the antitumoral effect of AMTB on osteosarcoma cells and the results prove that AMTB suppresses the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling pathway. adenosylmethionine tosylate bis(sulfate) 163-167 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 216-223 35361751-7 2022 Our study provides evidence that TRPM8 could be a potential therapeutic target and AMTB can suppress growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells through repressing the TGFbeta signaling pathway and increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin. adenosylmethionine tosylate bis(sulfate) 83-87 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 168-175 35401218-0 2022 Combination Therapy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Gliclazide and Ramipril Protects Against Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad Pathway. Gliclazide 42-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 35401218-0 2022 Combination Therapy of Alpha-Lipoic Acid, Gliclazide and Ramipril Protects Against Development of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad Pathway. Ramipril 57-65 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 140-148 35341010-7 2022 However, the treatment of LDP impeded the generation of ROS and attenuated renal fibrosis-related proteins in damaged kidneys through interference in the TGF-beta/Smad3 pathway. ros 56-59 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 154-162 35369317-3 2022 In this study, we used the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to investigate the effects of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Calcitriol 103-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 179-187 35151651-8 2022 Mechanistically, daidzein inhibited the TGF-beta/SMAD signaling pathway induced by TGF-beta1 in cardiac fibroblasts. daidzein 17-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 40-48 35399726-0 2022 Mir-454-3p induced WTX deficiency promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progressions through regulating TGF-beta signaling pathway. mir-454-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-108 35355864-9 2022 In HK-2 cells treated with TGF-beta, AKF-PD protected mitochondria along with improving mitochondrial morphology, enhancing ATP production, reducing mtROS, and regulating SOD2, SIRT3, and NOX4 expression. Adenosine Triphosphate 124-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 35350836-6 2022 Overexpression of miR-223-3p in EECs was shown to suppress the effects induced by TGF-beta. mir-223-3p 18-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 82-90 35360574-11 2022 In boys, CRP (p = 0.03) and TGF-alpha (p < 0.01) showed significant associations with HSCL-10, that remained significant after adjustment. hscl-10 86-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 28-37 35328499-7 2022 SB505124 downregulated the TGF-beta signaling pathway via reducing phosphorylation of Smad2. 2-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine hydrochloride 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 27-35 35335197-3 2022 Two possible solutions include the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) as an enzyme-like ROS scavenger and pirfenidone (PFD) as an anti-fibrotic drug to inhibit the expression of TGF-beta. pirfenidone 112-123 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 184-192 35335197-3 2022 Two possible solutions include the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) as an enzyme-like ROS scavenger and pirfenidone (PFD) as an anti-fibrotic drug to inhibit the expression of TGF-beta. pirfenidone 125-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 184-192 35350836-10 2022 In conclusion, miR-223-3p alleviates TGF-beta-induced cell migration, invasion, EMT process and ECM deposition in EECs by targeting SP3. mir-223-3p 15-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 37-45 34986654-0 2022 miR-338-3p Blocks TGFbeta-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation through the Induction of PTEN. mir-338- 0-8 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 18-25 35359452-4 2022 Here, we discuss the role of TGF-beta in glucose, lipid, amino acid, redox and polyamine metabolism with an emphasis on how TGF-beta can act as a metabolic modulator and how metabolic changes can influence TGF-beta signaling. Polyamines 79-88 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 35236827-0 2022 Metformin suppresses the growth of colorectal cancer by targeting INHBA to inhibit TGF-beta/PI3K/AKT signaling transduction. Metformin 0-9 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 83-91 35236827-6 2022 In mechanism, INHBA is an important ligand of TGF-beta signaling and metformin blocked the activation of TGF-beta signaling by targeting INHBA, and then down-regulated the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to the reduction of cyclinD1 and cell cycle arrest. Metformin 69-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 46-54 35236827-6 2022 In mechanism, INHBA is an important ligand of TGF-beta signaling and metformin blocked the activation of TGF-beta signaling by targeting INHBA, and then down-regulated the activity of PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to the reduction of cyclinD1 and cell cycle arrest. Metformin 69-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 105-113 35236827-7 2022 Together, these findings indicate that metformin down-regulates the expression of INHBA, then attenuating TGF-beta/PI3K/Akt signaling transduction, thus inhibiting the proliferation of CRC. Metformin 39-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 34986654-8 2022 miR-338-3p inhibits myofibroblast differentiation by preventing TGFbeta-mediated downregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a known anti-fibrotic mediator. mir-338-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 64-71 35151689-7 2022 We also examined differences in N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans in PaTu-S cells upon TGF-beta stimulation. n-glycans 32-41 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 35353346-10 2022 Several small molecular inhibitors are also in development and are briefly reviewed: LY364947, a pyrazole-based small molecular inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase activity of TGFbetaRI; SB-431542, an inhibitor targeting several TGF-beta superfamily Type I activin receptor-like kinases as well as TGF-beta1-induced nuclear Smad3 localization; and galunisertib, an oral small molecular inhibitor of the TGFbetaRI kinase. Ly-364947 85-93 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 35353346-10 2022 Several small molecular inhibitors are also in development and are briefly reviewed: LY364947, a pyrazole-based small molecular inhibitor of the serine-threonine kinase activity of TGFbetaRI; SB-431542, an inhibitor targeting several TGF-beta superfamily Type I activin receptor-like kinases as well as TGF-beta1-induced nuclear Smad3 localization; and galunisertib, an oral small molecular inhibitor of the TGFbetaRI kinase. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 192-201 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 234-242 35299960-11 2022 These results suggest that miR-218-5p inhibits the TGFbeta/SMAD2 pathway to induce IL1beta and enEVT differentiation. mir-218-5p 27-37 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 51-58 35050457-14 2022 Compared to the 10 nM DHT + 5 pM E2 group, the expressions of collagen I and fibronectin were decreased; the expression of elastin was increased in WPMY-1 cells after the supplement of TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor SD208 group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Dihydrotestosterone 22-25 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-193 35050457-14 2022 Compared to the 10 nM DHT + 5 pM E2 group, the expressions of collagen I and fibronectin were decreased; the expression of elastin was increased in WPMY-1 cells after the supplement of TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor SD208 group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Estradiol 33-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-193 35050457-14 2022 Compared to the 10 nM DHT + 5 pM E2 group, the expressions of collagen I and fibronectin were decreased; the expression of elastin was increased in WPMY-1 cells after the supplement of TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor SD208 group (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). SD-208 217-222 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 185-193 35050457-17 2022 In contrast to the effect of E2, DHT may inhibit the degree of prostate fibrosis, which might involve the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway. Dihydrotestosterone 33-36 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 35151689-7 2022 We also examined differences in N-glycans, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycans in PaTu-S cells upon TGF-beta stimulation. o-glycans 43-52 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 111-119 35151689-8 2022 TGF-beta treatment primarily induced N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of branching, core fucosylation, and sialylation in PaTu-S cells, in agreement with TGF-beta-induced changes in the expression of glycosylation-associated genes. Nitrogen 37-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 0-8 35151689-8 2022 TGF-beta treatment primarily induced N-glycome aberrations involving elevated levels of branching, core fucosylation, and sialylation in PaTu-S cells, in agreement with TGF-beta-induced changes in the expression of glycosylation-associated genes. Nitrogen 37-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 169-177 35151689-9 2022 In addition, we observed differences in O- and GSL-glycosylation profiles after TGF-beta treatment, including lower levels of sialylated Tn antigen and neo-expression of globosides. Glycosphingolipids 47-50 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 35151689-9 2022 In addition, we observed differences in O- and GSL-glycosylation profiles after TGF-beta treatment, including lower levels of sialylated Tn antigen and neo-expression of globosides. Globosides 170-180 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 80-88 35151689-10 2022 Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor SOX4 was upregulated upon TGF-beta stimulation, and its depletion blocked TGF-beta-induced N-glycomic changes. Nitrogen 143-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 78-86 35151689-10 2022 Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor SOX4 was upregulated upon TGF-beta stimulation, and its depletion blocked TGF-beta-induced N-glycomic changes. Nitrogen 143-144 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 35151689-11 2022 Thus, TGF-beta-induced N-glycosylation changes can occur in a SOX4-dependent and SMAD4-independent manner in the pancreatic PaTu-S cancer cell line. Nitrogen 23-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 6-14 34995817-0 2022 MiR-143-3p facilitates motility and invasiveness of endometriotic stromal cells by targeting VASH1/TGF-beta signaling. mir-143-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 99-107 34995817-12 2022 MiR-143-3p activated TGF-beta signaling via targeting VASH1. mir-143-3p 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 34995817-14 2022 Overall, miR-143-3p activates TGF-beta signaling by targeting VASH1 to facilitate migration and invasion of ESCs. mir-143-3p 9-19 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 30-38 35181609-6 2022 Further, global network perturbation analyses revealed signaling molecules with the most influence over network-wide activity, including endothelin 1 (ET1), interleukin 6 (IL6), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), along with downstream mediators c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive Oxygen Species 349-372 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-222 35212485-7 2022 saSE with SScDFs generated a thicker and stiffer dermis, and secreted more IL-6 and TGF-beta compared to saSE with NDFs, regardless of the inclusion of monocytes. sase 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 35228811-11 2022 Conclusion: TIGIT+Tregs levels are significantly reduced in ACS, accompanied by upregulated IL-6 and downregulated TGF-beta expression. tregs 18-23 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 115-123 35181609-6 2022 Further, global network perturbation analyses revealed signaling molecules with the most influence over network-wide activity, including endothelin 1 (ET1), interleukin 6 (IL6), and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), along with downstream mediators c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive Oxygen Species 374-377 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 215-222 35203627-14 2022 DEHP-induced endoglin activated TGFbeta/SMAD3/VEGF and MAPK/p38 signaling in MDA-MB-231 cells. Diethylhexyl Phthalate 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 32-39 35222797-7 2022 Overexpression of miR-483-3p in ECs inhibited Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, revealed by the decreased expression of TGF-beta, CTGF, ACE1, and ET-1. mir-483-3p 18-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 126-134 35205713-8 2022 In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate that LINC02470 plays a pivotally regulatory role in the promotion of TGF-beta-induced EMT through the miR-143-3p/SMAD3 axis, thereby aggravating bladder cancer progression. linc02470 59-68 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 123-131 35168992-7 2022 The glucose- induced high NADH/NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene, but also many profibrotic genes like TGFbeta, VEGF, PAI-1 and CTGF, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Glucose 4-11 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-193 35168992-7 2022 The glucose- induced high NADH/NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene, but also many profibrotic genes like TGFbeta, VEGF, PAI-1 and CTGF, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. NAD 26-30 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-193 35168992-7 2022 The glucose- induced high NADH/NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene, but also many profibrotic genes like TGFbeta, VEGF, PAI-1 and CTGF, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. NAD 31-35 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-193 35168992-7 2022 The glucose- induced high NADH/NAD+ ratio upregulates the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene, which stimulates not only the glucose transporter-1 gene, but also many profibrotic genes like TGFbeta, VEGF, PAI-1 and CTGF, all known to be involved in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Glucose 121-128 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 186-193 35222389-8 2022 In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences. Adenosine Triphosphate 173-176 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 35222389-8 2022 In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-beta-mTOR-HIF-1alpha pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences. Adenosine 177-186 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 35203627-16 2022 Endoglin knockdown reversed DEHP-induced activation of the TGFbeta/SMAD3/VEGF signaling axis, MAPK/p38 signaling, and cytokine regulation, limiting angiogenesis potential both in vivo and in vitro. Diethylhexyl Phthalate 28-32 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 59-66 35016990-6 2022 Foxp3, IL-10, TGF-beta, and IRF-4 gene expression levels were higher in DFU patients treated with MDT than in those treated without MDT. mdt 98-101 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 14-22 35140269-5 2022 Contrastingly, TGFbeta signals through Smad proteins to inhibit TSH-induced Sox9 transcription. Thyrotropin 64-67 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 15-22 35204190-6 2022 More importantly, knockdown of Nrf2 or p62 could abrogate the antioxidant activity of bergenin and the inhibition effect of bergenin on TGF-beta-induced ECM deposition and myofibroblast differentiation. bergenin 124-132 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 136-144 35110356-8 2022 BsAb-mediated T-cell reactivity could be restored by platelet inhibition and specifically by blocking the TGF-beta axis. Antibodies, Bispecific 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 106-114 35069845-0 2022 Roles of ERRalpha and TGF-beta signaling in stemness enhancement induced by 1 microM bisphenol A exposure via human neural stem cells. bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone 85-94 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 22-30 35069845-4 2022 The Chip-seq experiments demonstrated that both the cell cycle and the TGF-beta signaling pathway were accelerated after treatment with 1 microM BPA. bisphenol A 145-148 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 35377824-12 2022 Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition with the TGF-beta/Smad inhibitor SB431542 reduced hypoxia-induced NOX4 expression and ROS generation and attenuated cell proliferation. 4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide 71-79 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 35377824-12 2022 Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibition with the TGF-beta/Smad inhibitor SB431542 reduced hypoxia-induced NOX4 expression and ROS generation and attenuated cell proliferation. Reactive Oxygen Species 124-127 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 47-55 35094644-8 2022 Cell type-restricted annotation of DMP-genes attributed alterations of cytoskeleton rearrangement and extracellular matrix remodelling to all glial cell types, while some processes, including ion transport, Wnt/TGF-beta signaling and immune processes were more specifically linked to oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglial cells, respectively. dmp 35-38 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 211-219 34853441-0 2022 Correction to: Fluvastatin sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells toward radiation therapy and suppresses radiation- and/or TGF-beta-induced tumor-associated fibrosis. Fluvastatin 15-26 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 35093937-0 2022 Correction for: Curcumin in combination with homoharringtonine suppresses lymphoma cell growth by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. Curcumin 16-24 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 35099588-3 2022 Following reconstitution of the human immune system, inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by TGF-beta2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (TASO) resulted in accelerated tumor growth inhibition. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides 109-129 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 35099588-3 2022 Following reconstitution of the human immune system, inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by TGF-beta2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (TASO) resulted in accelerated tumor growth inhibition. taso 131-135 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 35093937-0 2022 Correction for: Curcumin in combination with homoharringtonine suppresses lymphoma cell growth by inhibiting the TGF-beta/Smad3 signaling pathway. Homoharringtonine 45-62 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 35048965-0 2022 Retraction: Cajanonic acid A regulates the ratio of Th17/Treg via inhibition of expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. cajanonic acid a 12-28 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 103-111 35094644-6 2022 Functional annotation of the altered DMP-genes uncovered alterations of processes related to cellular motility, cytoskeleton dynamics, metabolic processes, synaptic support, neuroinflammation and signaling, such as Wnt and TGF-beta pathways. dmp 37-40 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 223-231 35086525-5 2022 Administration of GSE4-nanoparticles attenuated bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis as measured by Masson"s staining of collagen and reduced Acta2 and Ctgf mRNA expression, whereas transduction of dermal fibroblasts with a lentiviral GSE4 expression vector reduced COL1A1, ACTA2 and CTGF gene expression after stimulation with bleomycin or TGF-beta, in parallel to a reduction of the phospho-histone H2A.X marker of DNA damage. gse4 18-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 336-344 35163148-9 2022 The conditioned media from sENG-treated BV2 (BV2-sENG-CM) significantly increased levels of angiogenic factors (Notch-1 and TGFbeta) and pERK1/2 in ECs but it decreased the level of IL-17RD, an anti-angiogenic mediator. seng 27-31 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-131 35087105-9 2022 Using this system, we found that the antitumor drug doxorubicin reduced the intercellular space of spheroids consisting of the human hepatocyte carcinoma cell line HepG2, through the activation of TGF-beta signaling and upregulation of ECM protein expression, implicating a drug resistance mechanism. Doxorubicin 52-63 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 197-205 35057094-4 2022 The novel human/primate specific LNA Gapmer Antisense Oligonucleotide "NVP-13", targeting TGFBR2, effectively reduced its expression and lowered TGFbeta signal transduction in vitro and in vivo, paralleled by boosting neurogenic niche activity in human neuronal progenitor cells and nonhuman primate central nervous system. Oligonucleotides 54-69 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 145-152 35163088-2 2022 Evidence has been obtained from mice and human cancer patients with bony metastases and non-metastatic disease, as well as pediatric burn patients, that inflammation leads to bone resorption and release of TGF-beta from the bone matrix with paracrine effects on muscle protein balance, possibly mediated by the generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxygen 334-340 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 206-214 35007301-10 2022 Raloxifene and bazedoxifene also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT by TGF-alpha. bazedoxifene 15-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 35058712-11 2022 GSEA showed that the key genes were related to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and Wnt signaling pathways. gsea 0-4 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 84-92 35016642-9 2022 The proliferation ability and the release of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta in human mesangial cells (HMCs) were measured after stimulating with SA-IgG-IgA1-IC and NSA-IgG-IgA1-IC. 2-chloro-10-(4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl)piperazinyl-1')acetylphenothiazine 144-146 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 66-74 35007301-7 2022 Raloxifene and bazedoxifene but not tamoxifen, significantly suppressed the TGF-alpha-induced HuH7 cell migration. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 35007301-7 2022 Raloxifene and bazedoxifene but not tamoxifen, significantly suppressed the TGF-alpha-induced HuH7 cell migration. bazedoxifene 15-27 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 76-85 35007301-10 2022 Raloxifene and bazedoxifene also inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT by TGF-alpha. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 0-10 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 35023720-5 2022 Furthermore, TerBio are capable of TME reprograming by SB-triggered transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta blockage and Lon-induced lactic acid efflux inhibition. 2-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-2-tert-butyl-3H-imidazol-4-yl)-6-methylpyridine hydrochloride 55-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 68-105 35007301-11 2022 Furthermore, PHTPP, an ERbeta antagonist, significantly reversed the suppression by both raloxifene and bazedoxifene of the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 89-99 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-133 35007301-11 2022 Furthermore, PHTPP, an ERbeta antagonist, significantly reversed the suppression by both raloxifene and bazedoxifene of the TGF-alpha-induced cell migration. bazedoxifene 104-116 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 124-133 35007301-12 2022 Taken together, our results strongly indicate that raloxifene and bazedoxifene, SERMs, suppress the TGF-alpha-induced migration of HCC cells through ERbeta-mediated inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway. Raloxifene Hydrochloride 51-61 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 35007301-12 2022 Taken together, our results strongly indicate that raloxifene and bazedoxifene, SERMs, suppress the TGF-alpha-induced migration of HCC cells through ERbeta-mediated inhibition of the AKT signaling pathway. bazedoxifene 66-78 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 100-109 35242641-12 2022 Meanwhile, the effect of ATP1A2 silencing on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion was reversed by TGF-beta/Smad pathway inhibitor (LY364947). Ly-364947 147-155 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 114-122 35127399-8 2022 In addition, due to the contribution of fucoidan, FD/DOX treatment was confirmed to inhibit the expression of TGF-beta, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune response and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. fucoidan 40-48 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 35127399-8 2022 In addition, due to the contribution of fucoidan, FD/DOX treatment was confirmed to inhibit the expression of TGF-beta, thereby stimulating anti-tumor immune response and reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Doxorubicin 53-56 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 34847839-11 2022 MCU overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of DHA on MICU1, MICU2, N-cadherin, TGF-beta and Vimentin expression. artenimol 54-57 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 87-95 35491169-4 2022 Stimulation with TGFbeta increased the ALDH-positive breast CSC population via the phosphorylation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-producing enzyme, and subsequent S1P-mediated S1P receptor 3 (S1PR3) activation. sphingosine 1-phosphate 134-157 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 17-24 35101686-10 2022 In addition, ICV L-Cit potentiated a pro- versus anti-inflammatory milieu with the induction of IL-8, IL-10, and TGFbeta (P < 0.05), which may be related to the changes in body temperature. Citrulline 17-22 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 113-120 35310188-11 2022 Through GSEA, we found ECM-receptor interaction, mTOR signaling pathway, pathways in cancer, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and other immunosuppressive pathway related genes in the low ICI score group. gsea 8-12 transforming growth factor alpha Homo sapiens 93-101