PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	comp_official_name	comp_offset	protein_name	organism	prot_offset
11952728-0	2002	Mecillinam susceptibility as an indicator of beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus.	Amdinocillin	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	45-59
12599532-2	2002	Nitrocefin test revealed that beta-lactamase was positive in 48% of S. aureus, 7% of H. influenzae, and 92% of M. catarrhalis, and acidometry revealed that penicillinase/cephalosporinase were positive in 13%/14% of E. coli, 22%/8% of K. pneumoniae, 47%/97% of E. cloacae, 3%/65% of S. marcescens, and 10%/36% of P. aeruginosa.	nitrocefin	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	30-44
12599534-3	2002	When applied the nitrocefin method, beta-lactamase productivity was demonstrated to be positive for 89.2% of 74 S. aureus, 4.3% of 94 H. influenzae, and 100% of 69 M.	nitrocefin	17-27	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	36-50
11952728-1	2002	The use of direct susceptibility testing from specimens has led to the fortuitous observation that penicillin-susceptible strains have larger inhibition zones for mecillinam than do beta-lactamase producers.	Penicillins	99-109	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	182-196
11952728-1	2002	The use of direct susceptibility testing from specimens has led to the fortuitous observation that penicillin-susceptible strains have larger inhibition zones for mecillinam than do beta-lactamase producers.	Amdinocillin	163-173	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	182-196
11952728-7	2002	In conclusion, the size of the mecillinam inhibition zone is found to be a useful supplementary test in the clinically important distinction between beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing isolates of S. aureus.	Amdinocillin	31-41	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	149-163
11592648-2	2001	This device relies on the immobilisation of a 50-mer oligonucleotide target, unique to a novel determinant of beta-lactamase resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, onto an electrochemical transducer.	Oligonucleotides	53-68	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	110-124
11698375-1	2001	Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci is mediated by mecA and blaZ, genes encoding a penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a) with low beta-lactam affinity and beta-lactamase, respectively.	beta-Lactams	14-25	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	171-185
12185699-5	2002	beta-lactamase production was detected using nitrocefin impregnated discs and iodometric method.	nitrocefin	45-55	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
11327855-0	2001	Structures of the acyl-enzyme complexes of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase mutant Glu166Asp:Asn170Gln with benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine.	Penicillin G	116-132	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	69-83
11327855-0	2001	Structures of the acyl-enzyme complexes of the Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase mutant Glu166Asp:Asn170Gln with benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine.	Cephaloridine	137-150	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	69-83
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	119-146	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	beta-Lactams	23-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	Cephalosporins	57-71	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	Carbapenems	73-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	Ceftriaxone	230-241	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	Ceftazidime	243-254	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
10950626-6	2000	Several broad-spectrum beta-lactams ("fourth-generation" cephalosporins, carbapenems) are expected to be used with increasing frequency as a result of the emerging high rates of specific beta-lactamases that compromise the use of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and many beta-lactamase inhibition/ penicillin combinations.	Penicillins	292-302	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	187-201
11045115-12	2000	Resistance to III generation cephalosporins was correlated with an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (BLSE) in 36% of cases.	Cephalosporins	29-43	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	85-99
11045115-12	2000	Resistance to III generation cephalosporins was correlated with an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (BLSE) in 36% of cases.	Cephalosporins	29-43	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	101-105
10678785-12	1999	Indeed, piperacillin is active against a broad range of gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, and tazobactam is a potent beta-lactamase inhibitor which acts on a variety of clinically important plasmid and chromosomal beta-lactamases.	Tazobactam	103-113	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	126-140
9738838-1	1998	Extracts of tea (Camellia sinensis) can reverse methicillin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and also, to some extent, penicillin resistance in beta-lactamase-producing S. aureus.	Penicillins	151-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	176-190
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	119-146	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	31-45
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Vancomycin	150-160	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Vancomycin	150-160	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	31-45
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Amoxicillin	119-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
9660985-4	1998	beta-Lactamase activity in the beta-lactamase-positive strain changed over time parallel to viability, decreasing with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or vancomycin and increasing in the amoxicillin and control groups.	Amoxicillin	119-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	31-45
9660985-5	1998	Clavulanic acid concentrations achievable in serum that changed over time allowed amoxicillin to act against the beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus to a similar extent as vancomycin.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	113-127
9660985-5	1998	Clavulanic acid concentrations achievable in serum that changed over time allowed amoxicillin to act against the beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus to a similar extent as vancomycin.	Amoxicillin	82-93	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	113-127
9124843-5	1996	When the beta-lactamase-positive strain was growing more slowly (generation time, 120 min), the PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate increased to > 3.32 h. The PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2/1 micrograms/ml on a beta-lactamase-producing strain of M. catarrhalis was > 2.9 h, and, as expected, the PAEs of twice the MIC on K. pneumoniae and E. coli were generally short (< 1 h).	2-(Isopropylamino)ethanol	96-99	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	214-228
9174210-2	1997	Six hours of preexposure to concentrations of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination that were higher than the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid MIC led to a reduction of the initial inoculum of >90% and to a significant decrease of beta-lactamase activity versus those of the control even from 6 h, when concentrations were subinhibitory.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	50-77	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	235-249
9174210-2	1997	Six hours of preexposure to concentrations of the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combination that were higher than the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid MIC led to a reduction of the initial inoculum of >90% and to a significant decrease of beta-lactamase activity versus those of the control even from 6 h, when concentrations were subinhibitory.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	116-143	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	235-249
9738431-4	1998	In beta-lactamase positive strains, the susceptibility to amoxacillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) was determined.	amoxacillin/clavulanic acid	58-85	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	3-17
9738431-4	1998	In beta-lactamase positive strains, the susceptibility to amoxacillin/clavulanic acid (AMC) was determined.	7-amino-4-methylcoumarin	87-90	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	3-17
9738431-7	1998	All strains resistant to penicillin (ampicillin) produced beta-lactamase and were AMC sensitive.	Penicillins	25-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	58-72
9738431-7	1998	All strains resistant to penicillin (ampicillin) produced beta-lactamase and were AMC sensitive.	Ampicillin	37-47	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	58-72
9149974-3	1997	Production of beta-lactamase was determined using a chromogenic cephalosporin disk method.	Cephalosporins	64-77	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
9149974-6	1997	Of the five beta-lactam compounds tested, penicillin and ampicillin were most affected by beta-lactamase activity, but oxacillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur were not affected.	beta-Lactams	12-23	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	90-104
9149974-6	1997	Of the five beta-lactam compounds tested, penicillin and ampicillin were most affected by beta-lactamase activity, but oxacillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur were not affected.	Penicillins	42-52	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	90-104
9149974-6	1997	Of the five beta-lactam compounds tested, penicillin and ampicillin were most affected by beta-lactamase activity, but oxacillin, cephapirin, and ceftiofur were not affected.	Ampicillin	57-67	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	90-104
9149974-7	1997	Penicillin plus novobiocin also demonstrated excellent activity against strains of S. aureus that were both positive and negative for beta-lactamase.	Penicillins	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	134-148
9149974-7	1997	Penicillin plus novobiocin also demonstrated excellent activity against strains of S. aureus that were both positive and negative for beta-lactamase.	Novobiocin	16-26	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	134-148
9149974-8	1997	Erythromycin and pirlimycin demonstrated good activity against the S. aureus strains that were negative for beta-lactamase; 90% of the isolates had an MIC of < or = 0.5 microgram/ml (MIC90).	Erythromycin	0-12	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	108-122
9149974-8	1997	Erythromycin and pirlimycin demonstrated good activity against the S. aureus strains that were negative for beta-lactamase; 90% of the isolates had an MIC of < or = 0.5 microgram/ml (MIC90).	pirlimycin	17-27	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	108-122
9149974-9	1997	The MIC90 for erythromycin and pirlimycin for strains that were positive for beta-lactamase was > 64.0 micrograms/ml.	Erythromycin	14-26	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	77-91
9149974-9	1997	The MIC90 for erythromycin and pirlimycin for strains that were positive for beta-lactamase was > 64.0 micrograms/ml.	pirlimycin	31-41	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	77-91
9141758-1	1996	OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to methicillin and compare it with the type of methicillin resistance in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical samples, and to evaluate the usefulness of beta-lactamase resistant penicillins such as cloxacillin for treatment of minor MRSA infections.	Methicillin	70-81	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	257-271
9141758-15	1996	Thus, beta-lactamase resistance penicillins such as cloxacillin may have a place in the treatment of minor MRSA infections.	Penicillins	32-43	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	6-20
9141758-15	1996	Thus, beta-lactamase resistance penicillins such as cloxacillin may have a place in the treatment of minor MRSA infections.	Cloxacillin	52-63	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	6-20
9124843-5	1996	When the beta-lactamase-positive strain was growing more slowly (generation time, 120 min), the PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate increased to > 3.32 h. The PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2/1 micrograms/ml on a beta-lactamase-producing strain of M. catarrhalis was > 2.9 h, and, as expected, the PAEs of twice the MIC on K. pneumoniae and E. coli were generally short (< 1 h).	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	103-126	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	214-228
9124843-5	1996	When the beta-lactamase-positive strain was growing more slowly (generation time, 120 min), the PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate increased to > 3.32 h. The PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2/1 micrograms/ml on a beta-lactamase-producing strain of M. catarrhalis was > 2.9 h, and, as expected, the PAEs of twice the MIC on K. pneumoniae and E. coli were generally short (< 1 h).	2-(Isopropylamino)ethanol	157-160	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	214-228
9124843-5	1996	When the beta-lactamase-positive strain was growing more slowly (generation time, 120 min), the PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate increased to > 3.32 h. The PAE of amoxicillin-clavulanate at 2/1 micrograms/ml on a beta-lactamase-producing strain of M. catarrhalis was > 2.9 h, and, as expected, the PAEs of twice the MIC on K. pneumoniae and E. coli were generally short (< 1 h).	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	164-187	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	214-228
8869640-0	1995	An engineered Staphylococcus aureus PC1 beta-lactamase that hydrolyses third-generation cephalosporins.	Cephalosporins	88-102	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	40-54
8858476-8	1996	The effect of beta-lactamase synthesis was inhibited by the combination of amoxycillin with clavulanate, and by cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.	amoxycillin with clavulanate	75-103	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
8858476-8	1996	The effect of beta-lactamase synthesis was inhibited by the combination of amoxycillin with clavulanate, and by cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.	Cefuroxime	112-122	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
8858476-8	1996	The effect of beta-lactamase synthesis was inhibited by the combination of amoxycillin with clavulanate, and by cefuroxime and ceftriaxone.	Ceftriaxone	127-138	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
8707735-4	1996	Exposure to 71 bar heliox did not affect antibiotic activity but increased the production of beta-lactamase in inducible S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis and production of beta-galactosidase in inducible E. coli.	heliox	19-25	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	93-107
8942139-1	1996	Recently isolated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have high levels of resistance to the agent and produce beta-lactamase less frequently than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA).	Methicillin	29-40	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	136-150
8869640-5	1995	The disposition of the beta-strand which forms the side of the active site is altered in comparison with the native S. aureus beta-lactamase structure, widening the active site cleft and providing space to accommodate the bulky side-chains of the third-generation cephalosporins.	Cephalosporins	264-278	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	126-140
7628197-0	1995	Influence of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the activity of oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	Oxacillin	58-67	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	13-27
8565723-1	1995	Sulperazone (SLP), a combination of sulbactam (beta-lactamase inhibitor) with cefoperazone (CFP), was studied in vitro for its sensitivity to multi-resistant strains of bacteria isolated from burn wounds.	sulperazone	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	47-61
7628197-2	1995	All 46 strains were found by the rapid chromogenic cephalosporin method to be beta-lactamase producers.	Cephalosporins	51-64	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	78-92
7789091-1	1995	A new chromogenic cephalosporin for beta-lactamase detection.	Cephalosporins	18-31	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	36-50
7628197-5	1995	The results suggest that beta-lactamase production probably plays a role in resistance to oxacillin in those MRSA strains of low-level oxacillin resistance.	Oxacillin	90-99	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	25-39
7628197-5	1995	The results suggest that beta-lactamase production probably plays a role in resistance to oxacillin in those MRSA strains of low-level oxacillin resistance.	Oxacillin	135-144	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	25-39
7844469-6	1995	For beta-lactamase-negative strains this correlated with an increased binding affinity of cefoperazone plus sulbactam to PBP2a and PBP4.	Cefoperazone	90-102	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	4-18
7844469-6	1995	For beta-lactamase-negative strains this correlated with an increased binding affinity of cefoperazone plus sulbactam to PBP2a and PBP4.	Sulbactam	108-117	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	4-18
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Cefoperazone	25-37	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	162-176
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Sulbactam	43-52	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	162-176
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Cefoperazone	60-72	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	80-94
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Cefoperazone	60-72	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	162-176
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Cefoperazone	60-72	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	80-94
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Cefoperazone	60-72	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	162-176
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Sulbactam	199-208	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	80-94
7844469-7	1995	The improved efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam versus cefoperazone with a beta-lactamase producing strain was closely related to cefoperazone hydrolysis by beta-lactamase that was inhibited by sulbactam.	Sulbactam	199-208	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	162-176
7844469-1	1995	Beta-Lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is associated with beta-lactamase production, with the presence of a new penicillin binding protein (PBP) called PBP2a, with reduced affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics, and with modifications of normal PBPs.	beta-Lactams	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	67-81
7844469-2	1995	We have studied these mechanisms of resistance, in vivo and in vitro, for several beta-lactam antibiotics against both beta-lactamase-producing and non-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus organisms (MRSA).	beta-Lactams	82-93	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	119-133
7789091-2	1995	A novel, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent (S1) for beta-lactamase testing was produced that shares physicochemical characteristics with nitrocefin (formerly 87/312).	Cephalosporins	21-34	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	52-66
7789091-3	1995	S1 and nitrocefin in a disk-testing format for beta-lactamase performed at 100% agreement for detecting enzyme-producing isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus, and selected Enterobacteriaceae.	nitrocefin	7-17	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	47-61
7789091-5	1995	S1 reaction times were approximately 50% faster than nitrocefin for beta-lactamase-positive enterococci and S. aureus.	nitrocefin	53-63	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	68-82
8040112-5	1994	Organisms with type C beta-lactamase were less susceptible than those with type A enzyme to piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxycillin/tazobactam in disc and MIC tests, and to co-amoxiclav in disc tests only.	Piperacillin	92-104	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
7730234-0	1994	Role of beta-lactamase of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in resistance to first-generation oral cephems both in vitro and in vivo.	cephems	111-118	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	8-22
7730234-1	1994	Cefaclor, among the oral cephalosporins tested, showed the largest inoculum effect with respect to MIC values for 61 clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, including 39 beta-lactamase producing strains.	Cefaclor	0-8	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	198-212
7730234-3	1994	Two producers, one each of types A and C, were further studied to investigate the effect of beta-lactamase on staphylococcal resistance to several beta-lactams.	beta-Lactams	147-159	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
7730234-5	1994	Cefaclor showed high affinities for penicillin-binding proteins 1, 2, and 3 of both beta-lactamase producers and their respective penicillinase-non-producing mutants.	Penicillins	36-46	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	84-98
8040112-5	1994	Organisms with type C beta-lactamase were less susceptible than those with type A enzyme to piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxycillin/tazobactam in disc and MIC tests, and to co-amoxiclav in disc tests only.	Tazobactam	105-115	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
8040112-5	1994	Organisms with type C beta-lactamase were less susceptible than those with type A enzyme to piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxycillin/tazobactam in disc and MIC tests, and to co-amoxiclav in disc tests only.	Amoxicillin	120-131	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
8040112-5	1994	Organisms with type C beta-lactamase were less susceptible than those with type A enzyme to piperacillin/tazobactam and amoxycillin/tazobactam in disc and MIC tests, and to co-amoxiclav in disc tests only.	Tazobactam	132-142	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
8230196-2	1993	The crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus inactivated by p-nitrophenyl[[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]methyl]phosphonate, a methylphosphonate monoester monoanion inhibitor, has been determined and refined at 2.3 A resolution.	p-nitrophenyl[[n-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]methyl]phosphonate	82-142	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	25-39
8026155-5	1994	Cefdinir was equally effective against both standard and high inocula of S. aureus strains producing A, B, C, or D beta LAC types.	Cefdinir	0-8	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	115-123
8041291-0	1994	Effect of beta-lactamase on minimum inhibitory concentrations of methicillin in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	Methicillin	65-76	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	10-24
8041291-1	1994	A study was undertaken to determine whether the production of penicillin-binding protein-2" (PBP-2") and the production of beta-lactamase were related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of methicillin (DMPPC) in various strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	Methicillin	195-206	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	123-137
8041291-1	1994	A study was undertaken to determine whether the production of penicillin-binding protein-2" (PBP-2") and the production of beta-lactamase were related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of methicillin (DMPPC) in various strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.	dmppc	208-213	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	123-137
8041291-2	1994	The amount of PBP-2" produced by the low-level resistant strain L20A was small and the strain became resistant to DMPPC as a result of inactivation of DMPPC by beta-lactamase.	dmppc	151-156	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	160-174
8262865-0	1993	Behaviour of beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Staphylococcus aureus isolates in susceptibility tests with piperacillin/tazobactam and other beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.	Piperacillin	111-123	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	13-27
8262865-6	1993	Thus, the MICs of piperacillin or amoxycillin with tazobactam or clavulanate were only two- to four-fold higher for beta-lactamase producers than non-producers at low inocula (10(4) cfu), but this differential increased to 6- to 16-fold at high inocula (10(6) cfu).	Piperacillin	18-30	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
8262865-0	1993	Behaviour of beta-lactamase-positive and -negative Staphylococcus aureus isolates in susceptibility tests with piperacillin/tazobactam and other beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.	Tazobactam	124-134	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	13-27
8262865-6	1993	Thus, the MICs of piperacillin or amoxycillin with tazobactam or clavulanate were only two- to four-fold higher for beta-lactamase producers than non-producers at low inocula (10(4) cfu), but this differential increased to 6- to 16-fold at high inocula (10(6) cfu).	Amoxicillin	34-45	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
8262865-1	1993	beta-Lactamase production protects Staphylococcus aureus against piperacillin and amoxycillin.	Piperacillin	65-77	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
8262865-6	1993	Thus, the MICs of piperacillin or amoxycillin with tazobactam or clavulanate were only two- to four-fold higher for beta-lactamase producers than non-producers at low inocula (10(4) cfu), but this differential increased to 6- to 16-fold at high inocula (10(6) cfu).	Tazobactam	51-61	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
8262865-6	1993	Thus, the MICs of piperacillin or amoxycillin with tazobactam or clavulanate were only two- to four-fold higher for beta-lactamase producers than non-producers at low inocula (10(4) cfu), but this differential increased to 6- to 16-fold at high inocula (10(6) cfu).	Clavulanic Acid	65-76	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
8262865-1	1993	beta-Lactamase production protects Staphylococcus aureus against piperacillin and amoxycillin.	Amoxicillin	82-93	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
8262865-8	1993	These beta-lactamase-related inhibition zone differentials and inoculum effects for the inhibitor combinations resemble previous observations for first-generation cephalosporins, notably cephazolin and cephaloridine.	Cephalosporins	163-177	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	6-20
8262865-2	1993	Tazobactam and clavulanate inhibit the enzyme, but beta-lactamase producers remained substantially less susceptible than non-producers to piperacillin/tazobactam and co-amoxiclav in disc tests.	Clavulanic Acid	15-26	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	51-65
8262865-8	1993	These beta-lactamase-related inhibition zone differentials and inoculum effects for the inhibitor combinations resemble previous observations for first-generation cephalosporins, notably cephazolin and cephaloridine.	Cefazolin	187-197	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	6-20
8262865-2	1993	Tazobactam and clavulanate inhibit the enzyme, but beta-lactamase producers remained substantially less susceptible than non-producers to piperacillin/tazobactam and co-amoxiclav in disc tests.	Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination	138-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	51-65
8262865-8	1993	These beta-lactamase-related inhibition zone differentials and inoculum effects for the inhibitor combinations resemble previous observations for first-generation cephalosporins, notably cephazolin and cephaloridine.	Cephaloridine	202-215	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	6-20
8262865-2	1993	Tazobactam and clavulanate inhibit the enzyme, but beta-lactamase producers remained substantially less susceptible than non-producers to piperacillin/tazobactam and co-amoxiclav in disc tests.	Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination	166-178	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	51-65
1728688-2	1992	In cardiac surgery, cefazolin"s susceptibility to hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase has been proposed to account for some prophylaxis failures.	Cefazolin	20-29	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	79-93
8226427-18	1993	Tazobactam potentiated piperacillin against beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, but the mode inhibition zone of piperacillin/tazobactam discs was only 26 mm, compared to 38 mm for beta-lactamase-negative isolates.	Tazobactam	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	44-58
8226427-18	1993	Tazobactam potentiated piperacillin against beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, but the mode inhibition zone of piperacillin/tazobactam discs was only 26 mm, compared to 38 mm for beta-lactamase-negative isolates.	Tazobactam	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	216-230
8226427-18	1993	Tazobactam potentiated piperacillin against beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, but the mode inhibition zone of piperacillin/tazobactam discs was only 26 mm, compared to 38 mm for beta-lactamase-negative isolates.	Piperacillin	23-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	44-58
1507427-0	1992	[The beta-lactamase activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--a comparison of the beta-lactamase from a methicillin-resistant and from a methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus].	Methicillin	32-43	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	5-19
1507427-0	1992	[The beta-lactamase activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--a comparison of the beta-lactamase from a methicillin-resistant and from a methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus].	Methicillin	32-43	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
1507427-0	1992	[The beta-lactamase activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--a comparison of the beta-lactamase from a methicillin-resistant and from a methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus].	Methicillin	119-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	5-19
1507427-0	1992	[The beta-lactamase activity in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--a comparison of the beta-lactamase from a methicillin-resistant and from a methicillin-sensitive strain of Staphylococcus aureus].	Methicillin	119-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
1507427-2	1992	In the strains of MRSA, the beta-lactamase activity tends to be inversely related to the MIC"s of Methicillin.	Methicillin	98-109	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	28-42
1582471-3	1992	Beta-lactamase production was encoded by a c. 39 kb plasmid, which also conferred resistance to mercury, cadmium, ethidium bromide and propamidine isethionate.	Mercury	96-103	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
1582471-3	1992	Beta-lactamase production was encoded by a c. 39 kb plasmid, which also conferred resistance to mercury, cadmium, ethidium bromide and propamidine isethionate.	Cadmium	105-112	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
1582471-3	1992	Beta-lactamase production was encoded by a c. 39 kb plasmid, which also conferred resistance to mercury, cadmium, ethidium bromide and propamidine isethionate.	Ethidium	114-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
1582471-3	1992	Beta-lactamase production was encoded by a c. 39 kb plasmid, which also conferred resistance to mercury, cadmium, ethidium bromide and propamidine isethionate.	propamidine isethionate	135-158	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
1685175-6	1991	For the beta-lactamase producers, tazobactam decreased the MICs of piperacillin prominently in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Salmonella species and Bacteroides fragilis, with a 4-fold or greater decrease in MIC50, MIC90 and the geometric mean of MIC.	Tazobactam	34-44	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	8-22
1778876-2	1991	Although the reasons for the observed differences are not fully understood, the susceptibility of cephalosporins to hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase has been correlated with failures of prophylaxis.	Cephalosporins	98-112	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	145-159
1778876-7	1991	Poor correlation was noted between results of the in-vivo model and in-vitro determinants of the bacterial-antimicrobial interaction which were MIC values, time-kill curves, and the rates of beta-lactamase-mediated cephalosporin hydrolysis by the different strains.	Cephalosporins	215-228	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	191-205
1685175-6	1991	For the beta-lactamase producers, tazobactam decreased the MICs of piperacillin prominently in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Salmonella species and Bacteroides fragilis, with a 4-fold or greater decrease in MIC50, MIC90 and the geometric mean of MIC.	Piperacillin	67-79	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	8-22
1771308-4	1991	Diffusion of antibiotics into both infected and uninfected pleural fluid is good, but certain agents (aminoglycosides and some beta-lactams) may be inactivated in the presence of pus, low pH, and beta-lactamase enzymes.	Aminoglycosides	102-117	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	196-210
1954949-5	1991	The presence of beta-lactamase production was determined in the 355 S. aureus isolates using the rapid Iodometric and Nitrocefin methods and 252 (71%) isolates were found to be beta-lactamase procedures.	nitrocefin	118-128	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	16-30
1771308-4	1991	Diffusion of antibiotics into both infected and uninfected pleural fluid is good, but certain agents (aminoglycosides and some beta-lactams) may be inactivated in the presence of pus, low pH, and beta-lactamase enzymes.	beta-Lactams	127-139	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	196-210
2153187-1	1990	In Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase (Bla) is typically associated with transducible plasmids that also encode metal resistance or with the more recently described conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Metals	115-120	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
2380767-0	1990	Clindamycin in the treatment of an outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis in a kibbutz due to beta-lactamase producing organisms.	Clindamycin	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	93-107
2380767-2	1990	We suggested that the concomitant presence of beta-lactamase producing organisms in the pharyngeal cavities of the affected individuals with SP could inactivate the antibiotics, rendering the streptococci resistant to penicillin.	Penicillins	218-228	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	46-60
2142274-7	1990	Clarithromycin was active on Haemophilus at concentrations of 4 to 64 micrograms/ml (mode 16); MICs for beta-lactamase producing strains were comparable to those of strains not producing.	Clarithromycin	0-14	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	104-118
2153187-1	1990	In Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase (Bla) is typically associated with transducible plasmids that also encode metal resistance or with the more recently described conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Metals	115-120	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	42-45
2153187-1	1990	In Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase (Bla) is typically associated with transducible plasmids that also encode metal resistance or with the more recently described conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Gentamicins	181-191	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
2153187-1	1990	In Staphylococcus aureus, beta-lactamase (Bla) is typically associated with transducible plasmids that also encode metal resistance or with the more recently described conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Gentamicins	181-191	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	42-45
2153187-2	1990	The beta-lactamase gene of Enterococcus faecalis, which has been shown to be highly homologous to bla from the S. aureus plasmid p1258, is also encoded on conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Gentamicins	168-178	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	4-18
2153187-2	1990	The beta-lactamase gene of Enterococcus faecalis, which has been shown to be highly homologous to bla from the S. aureus plasmid p1258, is also encoded on conjugative, gentamicin resistance plasmids.	Gentamicins	168-178	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-101
2489806-6	1989	2) The percentage of beta-lactamase-positive strains was 75.8%, which was distributed nearly identical among each MIC to DMPPC (72.0-77.8%).	dmppc	121-126	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	21-35
2584753-0	1989	Influence of magnesium concentration on production of exoprotein and beta-lactamase by Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus hemolyticus.	Magnesium	13-22	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	69-83
2584753-2	1989	This investigation studied the influence of magnesium concentration on production of total exoprotein and beta-lactamase by strains of S. aureus and Staphylococcus hemolyticus, isolated from the genital tracts of women.	Magnesium	44-53	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	106-120
2584753-5	1989	In all strains, total exoprotein production and beta-lactamase activity per bacterial cell were markedly increased in the presence of low concentrations of magnesium.	Magnesium	156-165	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	48-62
2584753-6	1989	When the concentration of magnesium was elevated, production of total exoprotein and beta-lactamase was decreased.	Magnesium	26-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	85-99
2489806-8	1989	4) Since there were beta-lactamase-negative strains among the resistant strains to ABPC, it was indicated that penicillin binding protein-2" might be produced by giving beta-lactam antimicrobial agents.	Penicillins	111-121	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	20-34
3266728-0	1988	Role of beta-lactamase and different testing conditions in oxacillin-borderline-susceptible staphylococci.	Oxacillin	59-68	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	8-22
2929013-7	1989	Since 17% of the strains with an MIC for penicillin less than 0.16 mg/L are still able to produce beta-lactamase, we recommend that when antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci is examined, beta-lactamase production should also be tested.	Penicillins	41-51	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-112
2929013-7	1989	Since 17% of the strains with an MIC for penicillin less than 0.16 mg/L are still able to produce beta-lactamase, we recommend that when antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci is examined, beta-lactamase production should also be tested.	Penicillins	41-51	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	193-207
2503565-0	1989	The role of beta-lactamase in mixed infections in mice in relation to treatment with ampicillin.	Ampicillin	85-95	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
2503565-1	1989	Beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Bacteroides fragilis in a localized mixed infection has been found to degrade the beta-lactam antibiotic at the focus of infection, thus protecting both the bacteria and pathogens susceptible to the antibiotic.	beta-Lactams	133-144	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
2503565-3	1989	For both S. aureus and B. catarrhalis, the ampicillin concentrations at infection sites where beta-lactamase was produced were lower than at sites where beta-lactamase was not produced; however, this difference was not found when clavulanic acid was added to the ampicillin.	Ampicillin	43-53	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	94-108
2503565-3	1989	For both S. aureus and B. catarrhalis, the ampicillin concentrations at infection sites where beta-lactamase was produced were lower than at sites where beta-lactamase was not produced; however, this difference was not found when clavulanic acid was added to the ampicillin.	Ampicillin	263-273	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	94-108
3266728-7	1988	Bactericidal activity was observed with two or four times the oxacillin MIC in eight strains tested at both temperatures, and the combination with clavulanic acid was bactericidal at higher than four times the MIC in five of the strains at 30 degrees C. Our results suggest that oxacillin intermediate MICs for staphylococcal isolates are due not only to beta-lactamase hyperproduction but also some other unidentified factor.	Clavulanic Acid	147-162	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	355-369
3266728-5	1988	For 6 of 10 beta-lactamase-positive strains, there was a greater-than-twofold-dilution reduction in oxacillin MICs with the addition of clavulanic acid or sulbactam.	Oxacillin	100-109	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
3266728-5	1988	For 6 of 10 beta-lactamase-positive strains, there was a greater-than-twofold-dilution reduction in oxacillin MICs with the addition of clavulanic acid or sulbactam.	Clavulanic Acid	136-151	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
3266728-5	1988	For 6 of 10 beta-lactamase-positive strains, there was a greater-than-twofold-dilution reduction in oxacillin MICs with the addition of clavulanic acid or sulbactam.	Sulbactam	155-164	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	86-101	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Oxacillin	161-170	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	244-259	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	244-259	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
2900488-7	1988	Roxithromycin was active on Haemophilus at concentrations of 0.12 to 32 micrograms/ml; MIC for beta-lactamase producing strains were comparable to those of strains not producing.	Roxithromycin	0-13	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	95-109
3046887-0	1988	Sulbactam/ampicillin, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor/beta-lactam antibiotic combination.	Sulbactam	0-9	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	28-42
3046887-0	1988	Sulbactam/ampicillin, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor/beta-lactam antibiotic combination.	Ampicillin	10-20	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	28-42
3046887-1	1988	Sulbactam/ampicillin is a combination of a beta-lactamase inhibitor with minimal intrinsic antibacterial activity (sulbactam sodium), and an aminopenicillin (ampicillin sodium).	Sulbactam	0-9	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	43-57
3046887-1	1988	Sulbactam/ampicillin is a combination of a beta-lactamase inhibitor with minimal intrinsic antibacterial activity (sulbactam sodium), and an aminopenicillin (ampicillin sodium).	Ampicillin	10-20	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	43-57
3046887-6	1988	The sulbactam/ampicillin combination has been approved for the treatment of adults with intraabdominal, skin and skin structure, and gynecological infections due to beta-lactamase-producing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and species of Klebsiella and Bacteroides.	Sulbactam	4-13	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	165-179
3046887-6	1988	The sulbactam/ampicillin combination has been approved for the treatment of adults with intraabdominal, skin and skin structure, and gynecological infections due to beta-lactamase-producing bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and species of Klebsiella and Bacteroides.	Ampicillin	14-24	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	165-179
3107125-0	1987	Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics: crystal structure of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 at 2.5 A resolution.	beta-Lactams	24-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	70-84
3290186-2	1988	Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to penicillin because they produced beta-lactamase were isolated soon after the introduction of penicillin as a therapeutic agent.	Penicillins	44-54	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	77-91
3290186-2	1988	Staphylococcus aureus isolates resistant to penicillin because they produced beta-lactamase were isolated soon after the introduction of penicillin as a therapeutic agent.	Penicillins	137-147	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	77-91
3290186-6	1988	Methicillin, a penicillin that was essentially resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, was introduced into clinical use in the early 1960s and this alleviated much of the problem of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus, but methicillin-resistant strains were soon isolated.	Methicillin	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	75-89
3290186-6	1988	Methicillin, a penicillin that was essentially resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, was introduced into clinical use in the early 1960s and this alleviated much of the problem of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus, but methicillin-resistant strains were soon isolated.	Penicillins	15-25	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	75-89
3502225-2	1987	Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate.	Penicillin G	94-110	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
3502225-2	1987	Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate.	Cephalosporins	143-156	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
3502225-2	1987	Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate.	pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin	171-217	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
3502225-2	1987	Beta-Lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate.	nitrocefin	221-231	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
3502225-5	1987	The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01).	Ampicillin	43-53	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
3502225-5	1987	The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01).	Ampicillin	43-53	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	171-185
3502225-5	1987	The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01).	Carbenicillin	55-68	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
3502225-5	1987	The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01).	Cephalothin	73-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
3502225-5	1987	The isolation rate of strains resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalothin in the beta-lactamase-producing strains was significantly higher than that in the non-beta-lactamase-producing strains (p less than 0.01).	Cephalothin	73-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	171-185
3496977-2	1987	Prior to wide usage of penicillin G, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics as a consequence of beta-lactamase production had been recognized, and has been an increasing clinical problem ever since.	Penicillin G	23-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	95-109
3496977-2	1987	Prior to wide usage of penicillin G, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics as a consequence of beta-lactamase production had been recognized, and has been an increasing clinical problem ever since.	beta-Lactams	51-62	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	95-109
3496977-4	1987	Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus.	beta-Lactams	19-30	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
3496977-4	1987	Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus.	aminopenicillanic acid	48-53	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
3496977-4	1987	Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus.	Methicillin	63-74	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
3496977-4	1987	Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus.	isoxazolyl penicillins	79-101	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
3496977-4	1987	Synthesis of novel beta-lactam derivatives from 6-APA, such as methicillin and isoxazolyl penicillins, resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, overcame the clinical problem of penicillin-resistant S. aureus.	Penicillins	90-100	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
3496977-7	1987	An alternative approach to the problem of beta-lactamase was the isolation or synthesis of substances able to inhibit the activity of enzymes, thus protecting the unstable beta-lactams from inactivation by beta-lactamase.	beta-Lactams	172-184	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	42-56
3496977-7	1987	An alternative approach to the problem of beta-lactamase was the isolation or synthesis of substances able to inhibit the activity of enzymes, thus protecting the unstable beta-lactams from inactivation by beta-lactamase.	beta-Lactams	172-184	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	206-220
3499863-2	1987	Among heterogeneously resistant strains, those most resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics produced the most beta-lactamase.	beta-Lactams	65-76	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	107-121
3494127-2	1987	When beta-lactamase production was maximally induced with penicillin G or ampicillin, about 50% of the beta lactamase was excreted from the cells, the amount of extracellular enzyme correlating well with the degree of resistance established by an in-vitro test model.	Penicillin G	58-70	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	5-19
3494127-2	1987	When beta-lactamase production was maximally induced with penicillin G or ampicillin, about 50% of the beta lactamase was excreted from the cells, the amount of extracellular enzyme correlating well with the degree of resistance established by an in-vitro test model.	Ampicillin	74-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	5-19
3551499-3	1986	Among the 55 penicillin-resistant strains, 54 produced beta-lactamase (mean 63 units/mg bacteria).	Penicillins	13-23	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	55-69
3872624-1	1985	This study showed that encapsulation of the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin (PIP) by liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1) protected the drug from hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	beta-Lactams	44-55	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	208-222
3892077-1	1985	BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2.	Clavulanic Acid	73-88	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	48-62
3892077-1	1985	BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2.	Clavulanic Acid	90-93	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	48-62
3876326-0	1985	Inhibition of beta-lactamase synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus by minocycline.	Minocycline	67-78	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
3876326-1	1985	The effect of minocycline on beta-lactamase synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus was examined.	Minocycline	14-25	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	29-43
3876326-4	1985	Although synthesis of beta-lactamase was inhibited by low concentrations of minocycline, benzylpenicillin and minocycline failed to show synergy when tested in a variety of combinations against penicillinase producing staphylococci.	Minocycline	76-87	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
3876326-4	1985	Although synthesis of beta-lactamase was inhibited by low concentrations of minocycline, benzylpenicillin and minocycline failed to show synergy when tested in a variety of combinations against penicillinase producing staphylococci.	Minocycline	110-121	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	22-36
3871425-1	1985	The genes encoding for beta-lactamase (bla+) and resistance to metallic ions (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenate, and arsenite) were located in a 56.2-kilobase plasmid, pZA10, isolated from a clinical strain, Staphylococcus aureus 6344.	Cadmium	78-85	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	23-37
3871425-1	1985	The genes encoding for beta-lactamase (bla+) and resistance to metallic ions (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenate, and arsenite) were located in a 56.2-kilobase plasmid, pZA10, isolated from a clinical strain, Staphylococcus aureus 6344.	Mercury	87-94	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	23-37
3871425-1	1985	The genes encoding for beta-lactamase (bla+) and resistance to metallic ions (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenate, and arsenite) were located in a 56.2-kilobase plasmid, pZA10, isolated from a clinical strain, Staphylococcus aureus 6344.	arsenic acid	102-110	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	23-37
3871425-1	1985	The genes encoding for beta-lactamase (bla+) and resistance to metallic ions (cadmium, mercury, lead, arsenate, and arsenite) were located in a 56.2-kilobase plasmid, pZA10, isolated from a clinical strain, Staphylococcus aureus 6344.	arsenite	116-124	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	23-37
3872624-1	1985	This study showed that encapsulation of the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin (PIP) by liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1) protected the drug from hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	Piperacillin	67-79	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	208-222
3872624-1	1985	This study showed that encapsulation of the beta-lactam antibiotic piperacillin (PIP) by liposomes prepared with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol (1:1) protected the drug from hydrolysis by staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	Piperacillin	81-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	208-222
6951351-4	1981	Appropriate initial treatment of patients in Port Moresby who are suspected or proven to have serious S. aureus infection should include a beta-lactamase resistant penicillin or suitable alternative bacteriocidal antibiotic.	Penicillins	164-174	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	139-153
6332017-0	1984	Pyridinium 2-azo-p-dimethylaniline chromophore, a chromogenic reagent for beta-lactamase testing compared to nitrocefin.	pyridinium 2-azo-p-dimethylaniline	0-34	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	74-88
6221381-0	1983	Cefoperazone: a review of its antimicrobial spectrum, beta-lactamase stability, enzyme inhibition, and other in vitro characteristics.	Cefoperazone	0-12	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	54-68
6221381-9	1983	Cefoperazone is a bactericidal beta-lactam, and its minimal inhibitory concentrations are influenced only by high inoculum concentrations of beta-lactamase-producing strains.	Cefoperazone	0-12	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	141-155
6981367-1	1982	There are three major mechanisms of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to beta-lactam antibiotics: enzyme mediated (penicillinase or beta-lactamase) by which the antibiotic is inactivated; intrinsic, which is not due to drug inactivation, and accounts for methicillin-resistance; and tolerance, in which there is a dissociation of the inhibitory and killing actions of beta-lactam antibiotics.	beta-Lactams	75-86	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	134-148
6980543-8	1982	beta-lactamase activity could be found in almost all strains with MIC greater than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml for penicillin G.	Penicillin G	118-130	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
6200139-0	1984	The reversible deactivation of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus by quinacillin and cephaloridine and its modification by antibodies.	quinacillin	76-87	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	31-45
6200139-0	1984	The reversible deactivation of beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus by quinacillin and cephaloridine and its modification by antibodies.	Cephaloridine	92-105	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	31-45
6200139-1	1984	The effect of antibody on the reversible deactivation of the beta-lactamase (penicillin amino-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) from Staphylococcus aureus has been studied using quinacillin and cephaloridine as substrates.	quinacillin	178-189	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	61-75
6200139-1	1984	The effect of antibody on the reversible deactivation of the beta-lactamase (penicillin amino-beta-lactamhydrolase, EC 3.5.2.6) from Staphylococcus aureus has been studied using quinacillin and cephaloridine as substrates.	Cephaloridine	194-207	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	61-75
6608314-0	1984	Importance of extracellular and cell-bound beta-lactamase in mediating resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to mezlocillin.	Mezlocillin	110-121	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	43-57
6608314-1	1984	Most penicillin-resistant staphylococci release a considerable portion of their beta-lactamase into the surrounding medium.	Penicillins	5-15	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	80-94
6608314-5	1984	Two test strains which produced large amounts of extracellular beta-lactamase and which were found to be resistant in the broth dilution test proved to be susceptible to mezlocillin in the open test model.	Mezlocillin	170-181	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	63-77
6608314-7	1984	Experiments performed with small infective doses in a model of peritoneal infection in leukopenic mice suggest that mezlocillin exhibits a therapeutic effect against beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci under certain in vivo conditions in which build-up of extracellular beta-lactamase does not occur.	Mezlocillin	116-127	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	166-180
6608314-7	1984	Experiments performed with small infective doses in a model of peritoneal infection in leukopenic mice suggest that mezlocillin exhibits a therapeutic effect against beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci under certain in vivo conditions in which build-up of extracellular beta-lactamase does not occur.	Mezlocillin	116-127	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	273-287
6419492-4	1983	All the penicillin resistant strains gave positive results for beta-lactamase with Cefinase and acidometric method within 60 min.	Penicillins	8-18	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	63-77
6419492-5	1983	All the 547 strains of penicillin sensitive bacteria (MIC less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml) were negative for beta-lactamase production by both methods.	Penicillins	23-33	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	117-131
6605086-12	1983	The false-negative results on a Haemophilus paraphrophilus (beta-lactamase producer) were highest for the iodometric technic (8.7%) and lowest for the chromogenic cephalosporins (1.9%) such as nitrocefin and PADAC.	Cephalosporins	163-177	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	60-74
6605086-12	1983	The false-negative results on a Haemophilus paraphrophilus (beta-lactamase producer) were highest for the iodometric technic (8.7%) and lowest for the chromogenic cephalosporins (1.9%) such as nitrocefin and PADAC.	nitrocefin	193-203	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	60-74
6605086-12	1983	The false-negative results on a Haemophilus paraphrophilus (beta-lactamase producer) were highest for the iodometric technic (8.7%) and lowest for the chromogenic cephalosporins (1.9%) such as nitrocefin and PADAC.	pyridine-2-azo-4-dimethylaniline cephalosporin	208-213	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	60-74
6980543-7	1982	The qualitative assay for beta-lactamase activity performed after induction with methicillin demonstrated strong correlation between presence or absence of beta-lactamases and sensitivity of the bacteria to penicillin G.	Penicillin G	207-219	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
6448580-0	1980	Transduction of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: recipient effectiveness and beta-lactamase production.	Methicillin	16-27	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	93-107
6974738-0	1981	Correlation of penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations and penicillin zone edge appearance with staphylococcal beta-lactamase production.	Penicillins	15-25	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
6974738-0	1981	Correlation of penicillin minimum inhibitory concentrations and penicillin zone edge appearance with staphylococcal beta-lactamase production.	Penicillins	64-74	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
6974738-3	1981	Thus, lack of beta-lactamase production, which implies susceptibility to penicillin, cannot be presumed solely on the basis of low MICs.	Penicillins	73-83	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
6974738-6	1981	The presence of this type of zone edge when a penicillin zone measures in the intermediate or susceptible range indicates that the isolate should be checked for beta-lactamase production.	Penicillins	46-56	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	161-175
646349-0	1978	Isolation of beta-lactamase from a penicillin-susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus.	Penicillins	35-45	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	13-27
649992-0	1978	Comparative beta-lactamase resistance and antistaphylococcal activities of parenterally and orally administered cephalosporins.	Cephalosporins	112-126	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
649992-2	1978	Cephalothin (RH less than 0.01) and cephapirin (RH = 0.1) were relatively stable in the presence of staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	Cephalothin	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	115-129
649992-2	1978	Cephalothin (RH less than 0.01) and cephapirin (RH = 0.1) were relatively stable in the presence of staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	Cephapirin	36-46	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	115-129
649992-6	1978	Cephalosporins that are relatively stable in the presence of staphylococcal bata-lactamase may be preferable to less stable ones for treatment of serious infections due to beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci.	Cephalosporins	0-14	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	172-186
6446810-6	1980	Against both beta-lactamase and non beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates, the new 1-oxa compound was less active than the older cephalosporins of which cephalothin and cefamandole were the most effective.	1-oxa	101-106	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	13-27
6446810-6	1980	Against both beta-lactamase and non beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus isolates, the new 1-oxa compound was less active than the older cephalosporins of which cephalothin and cefamandole were the most effective.	1-oxa	101-106	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	36-50
349097-0	1978	A comparative study of the activity of cefamandole and other cephalosporins and analysis of the beta-lactamase stability and synergy of cefamandole with aminoglycosides.	Cefamandole	136-147	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	96-110
349097-3	1978	The stability of cefamandole with respect to beta-lactamase was investigated and compared with that of cephalothin, cefazolin, and cephalexin.	Cefamandole	17-28	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	45-59
349097-5	1978	No significant correlation was found between the antibacterial activity and the beta-lactamase stability of cefamandole, except with Enterobacter.	Cefamandole	108-119	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	80-94
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	Penicillins	69-79	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	Methicillin	103-114	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	Penicillin G	166-178	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	Methicillin	180-191	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	aminopenicillanic acid	193-217	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
646349-2	1978	However, we have found that such a strain susceptible to 0.06 mug of penicillin per ml and 0.56 mug of methicillin per ml produces beta-lactamase(s) which hydrolyzes penicillin G, methicillin, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, and probably cephaloridine.	Cephaloridine	232-245	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
984790-4	1976	Inhibition of beta-lactamase, as measured by these two methods, was generally found to correlate with resistance to hydrolysis and is proposed as a preliminary method of assessing susceptibility of cephalosporins to beta-lactamase hydrolysis.	Cephalosporins	198-212	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	14-28
984790-4	1976	Inhibition of beta-lactamase, as measured by these two methods, was generally found to correlate with resistance to hydrolysis and is proposed as a preliminary method of assessing susceptibility of cephalosporins to beta-lactamase hydrolysis.	Cephalosporins	198-212	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	216-230
984790-8	1976	Response of these two enzymes to 7-alphaOCH(3) and 7-alphaH cephalosporins suggests that beta-lactamase hydrolysis of these compounds involves attack at the alpha side of the betalactam ring.	7-alphaoch(3) and 7-alphah cephalosporins	33-74	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	89-103
4451348-4	1974	The data obtained are consistent with the thesis advanced earlier from this laboratory that beta-lactamase serves a cellular function in the producing cell more important and beyond its capability of hydrolyzing certain penicillins to the antibiotically inactive penicilloic acids.	Penicillins	220-231	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
1047087-3	1976	Cefamandole and SK&F 59962 were highly active against both large and small inocula of staphylococci and were resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	amicloral	16-22	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	141-155
1047087-4	1976	Cefoxitin, although resistant to beta-lactamase, possessed less antibacterial potency but was still approximately as active as methicillin.	Cefoxitin	0-9	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	33-47
1047087-5	1976	Cefazolin was somewhat more susceptible to staphylococcal beta-lactamase than the other three agents and resembled cephaloridine in this respect.	Cefazolin	0-9	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	58-72
1167043-0	1975	Effect of inoculum and of beta-lactamase on the anti-staphylococcal activity of thirteen penicillins and cephalosporins.	Penicillins	89-100	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
1167043-0	1975	Effect of inoculum and of beta-lactamase on the anti-staphylococcal activity of thirteen penicillins and cephalosporins.	Cephalosporins	105-119	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
1167043-3	1975	By all criteria, methicillin and nafcillin were clearly more resistant to both the inoculum effect and the production of staphylococcal beta-lactamase, whereas benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine (especially benzyl-penicillin) were the most susceptible to these effects.	Methicillin	17-28	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	136-150
1167043-3	1975	By all criteria, methicillin and nafcillin were clearly more resistant to both the inoculum effect and the production of staphylococcal beta-lactamase, whereas benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine (especially benzyl-penicillin) were the most susceptible to these effects.	Nafcillin	33-42	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	136-150
1167043-4	1975	Cephazolin was clearly more susceptible to staphylococcal beta-lactamase and heavy inocula than the other cephalosporins (with the exception of cephaloridine), whereas cephalothin was the most resistant cephalosporin to these factors.	Cefazolin	0-10	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	58-72
1167043-7	1975	These results suggest that methicillin or nafcillin is most stable to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, and that benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine are the most susceptible.	Methicillin	27-38	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	85-99
1167043-7	1975	These results suggest that methicillin or nafcillin is most stable to staphylococcal beta-lactamase, and that benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine are the most susceptible.	Nafcillin	42-51	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	85-99
1047087-0	1976	Antistaphylococcal activity and beta-lactamase resistance of newer cephalosporins.	Cephalosporins	67-81	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	32-46
1047087-3	1976	Cefamandole and SK&F 59962 were highly active against both large and small inocula of staphylococci and were resistant to staphylococcal beta-lactamase.	Cefamandole	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	141-155
4451348-4	1974	The data obtained are consistent with the thesis advanced earlier from this laboratory that beta-lactamase serves a cellular function in the producing cell more important and beyond its capability of hydrolyzing certain penicillins to the antibiotically inactive penicilloic acids.	penicilloic acid	263-280	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	92-106
30034150-10	2018	Conclusion: Amoxicillin possess antimicrobial activity against major pathogens in orofacial odontogenic infections, but beta-lactamase production has restricted the effectiveness of amoxicillin against the resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacteroides, Prevotella and Porphyromonas.	Amoxicillin	182-193	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	120-134
31692506-9	2019	Decreased trends were only found in K. pneumoniae to imipenem (81-71.3%, p=0.046) and cefoperazone/sulbactam (70.8-61.0%, p=0.014) and in Acinetobacter baumannii to cefoperazone/sulbactam (59-28%, p=0.007), which negatively correlated with the consumption of carbapenems (r=-0.649, p=0.042) and 3GCs/beta-lactamase inhibitors (p<0.05), respectively.	cefoperazone A	86-98	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	300-314
31692506-9	2019	Decreased trends were only found in K. pneumoniae to imipenem (81-71.3%, p=0.046) and cefoperazone/sulbactam (70.8-61.0%, p=0.014) and in Acinetobacter baumannii to cefoperazone/sulbactam (59-28%, p=0.007), which negatively correlated with the consumption of carbapenems (r=-0.649, p=0.042) and 3GCs/beta-lactamase inhibitors (p<0.05), respectively.	Sulbactam	99-108	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	300-314
31656486-4	2019	The isolates were screened for the beta-lactamase production using nitrocefin sticks.	nitrocefin	67-77	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	35-49
29132926-0	2018	Molecular epidemiology of beta-lactamase production in penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus under high-susceptibility conditions.	Penicillins	55-65	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	26-40
29132926-1	2018	Little is known about the prevalence of beta-lactamase production in penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates under high-susceptibility conditions.	Penicillins	69-79	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	40-54
29132926-3	2018	beta-Lactamase production was detected by nitrocefin-based and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute penicillin zone edge testing and blaZ PCR.	nitrocefin	42-52	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
29132926-3	2018	beta-Lactamase production was detected by nitrocefin-based and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute penicillin zone edge testing and blaZ PCR.	Penicillins	107-117	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
29132926-7	2018	S. aureus isolates with penicillin G MIC <=0.03 mug/ml exhibited a low frequency of beta-lactamase production.	Penicillins	24-34	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	87-101
27187065-6	2016	Staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene was detected in 61.7% of the BTM samples.	btm	64-67	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	15-29
28743973-2	2017	In the course of the study to reveal its mode of action, we found that TPPC inhibited the beta-lactamase production induced by cefotiam.	tripropeptin C	71-75	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	90-104
28743973-2	2017	In the course of the study to reveal its mode of action, we found that TPPC inhibited the beta-lactamase production induced by cefotiam.	Cefotiam	127-135	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	90-104
28743973-3	2017	This prompted us to focus on the beta-lactam-inducible beta-lactam-resistant genes blaZ (beta-lactamase) and mecA (foreign penicillin-binding protein), as they are mutually regulated by the blaZ/I/R1 and mecA/I/R1 systems.	beta-Lactams	33-44	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	89-103
28743973-3	2017	This prompted us to focus on the beta-lactam-inducible beta-lactam-resistant genes blaZ (beta-lactamase) and mecA (foreign penicillin-binding protein), as they are mutually regulated by the blaZ/I/R1 and mecA/I/R1 systems.	beta-Lactams	55-66	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	89-103
28743973-3	2017	This prompted us to focus on the beta-lactam-inducible beta-lactam-resistant genes blaZ (beta-lactamase) and mecA (foreign penicillin-binding protein), as they are mutually regulated by the blaZ/I/R1 and mecA/I/R1 systems.	Penicillins	123-133	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	89-103
27506613-8	2016	All S. aureus isolates examined for beta-lactamase production by employing nitrocefin.	nitrocefin	75-85	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	36-50
27473500-4	2016	The considerable increase in extracellular and membrane-bound beta-lactamase activities was observed in S. aureus ATCC exposed to oxacillin (>26 mumol/min/mL).	Oxacillin	130-139	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	62-76
26763960-1	2016	Using blaZ PCR as the "gold standard," the sensitivities of CLSI penicillin zone edge and nitrocefin-based tests for beta-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus were 64.5% and 35.5%, respectively, with specificity of 99.8% for both methods.	nitrocefin	90-100	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	117-131
25213722-1	2015	Cefazolin treatment failures have been described for bacteraemia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with type A beta-lactamase and inoculum effect (InE).	Cefazolin	0-9	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	140-154
24844761-2	2014	The probe is designed and synthesized by incorporating the specific substrate (cephalosporin) of beta-lactamase into a stable hemicyanine skeleton.	Cephalosporins	79-92	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
24844761-2	2014	The probe is designed and synthesized by incorporating the specific substrate (cephalosporin) of beta-lactamase into a stable hemicyanine skeleton.	tetramethylene hemicyanine	126-137	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
24844761-3	2014	The fluorescence of 1 itself is very weak due to the alkylation of the hydroxyl group of the hemicyanine fluorophore; however, beta-lactamase can selectively react with its substrate (beta-lactam ring) in the probe, thereby causing a spontaneous fragmentation.	tetramethylene hemicyanine	93-104	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	127-141
24844761-7	2014	Moreover, by taking advantage of its high sensitivity and NIR emission feature, the probe has also been utilized to image beta-lactamase in three types of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA44, penicillin-resistant strain ATCC 11632, and penicillin-susceptible strain ATCC 29213, which clearly reveals the significantly different expression levels of beta-lactamase in these S. aureus.	Methicillin	188-199	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
24844761-7	2014	Moreover, by taking advantage of its high sensitivity and NIR emission feature, the probe has also been utilized to image beta-lactamase in three types of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA44, penicillin-resistant strain ATCC 11632, and penicillin-susceptible strain ATCC 29213, which clearly reveals the significantly different expression levels of beta-lactamase in these S. aureus.	Penicillins	232-242	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
24844761-7	2014	Moreover, by taking advantage of its high sensitivity and NIR emission feature, the probe has also been utilized to image beta-lactamase in three types of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus ATCC BAA44, penicillin-resistant strain ATCC 11632, and penicillin-susceptible strain ATCC 29213, which clearly reveals the significantly different expression levels of beta-lactamase in these S. aureus.	Penicillins	276-286	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
23560788-5	2013	Fifty percent of S. aureus isolates was methicillin-resistant, and 57.1 % of H. influenza was ampicillin resistant due to beta-lactamase production.	Ampicillin	94-104	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
24517922-0	2014	Potent and selective inhibitors of class A beta-lactamase: 7-prenyloxy coumarins.	7-prenyloxy coumarins	59-80	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	43-57
24517922-3	2014	Amongst them auraptene showed the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50=21+-1.5 muM) toward class A beta-lactamase, whereas no inhibition was observed for class D beta-lactamase.	aurapten	13-22	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	100-114
23587945-1	2013	In response to beta-lactam chemotherapy, Staphylococcus aureus has acquired two resistance determinants: blaZ, coding for beta-lactamase, which confers resistance to penicillins only, and mecA, coding for an extra cell wall cross-linking enzyme with reduced affinity for virtually all other beta-lactams.	beta-Lactams	15-26	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
23587945-1	2013	In response to beta-lactam chemotherapy, Staphylococcus aureus has acquired two resistance determinants: blaZ, coding for beta-lactamase, which confers resistance to penicillins only, and mecA, coding for an extra cell wall cross-linking enzyme with reduced affinity for virtually all other beta-lactams.	Penicillins	166-177	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	122-136
23587945-7	2013	In addition, we have also observed that the presence of bla regulators may enhance dramatically the expression of beta-lactam resistance in MRSA strains with constitutive mecA expression, compensating for the fitness cost imposed by the large beta-lactamase plasmid.	beta-Lactams	114-125	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	243-257
18975519-0	2008	In vitro study to compare sensitivity of amoxicillin+clavulanic acid and cefpodoxime+clavulanic acid among beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.	cefpodoxime	73-84	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	107-121
22609268-3	2012	beta-lactamase was then detected by nitrocefin and the presence of mecA was determined by PCR.	nitrocefin	36-46	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
21496235-14	2011	In addition, the data shows that the sensor-inducer blaR1 is the primary target for the accumulation of mutations in the bla locus, presumably to modulate the response to the presence of beta-lactam antibiotic.	beta-Lactams	187-198	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	52-55
21304190-10	2011	All ESBL and metallo-beta-lactamase producers were resistant to multiple classes of antimicrobials, the latter being sensitive only to colistin and tigecycline.	Tigecycline	148-159	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	21-35
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Cephalexin	151-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	82-96
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Cephalexin	151-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-101
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Cephalexin	151-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	170-173
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Cephalothin	224-235	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-101
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Ceftriaxone	292-303	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-101
20211890-1	2010	Using 98 clinical methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates of known beta-lactamase (Bla) type, we found a pronounced inoculum effect for cephalexin (mostly Bla type A and C strains), a mild inoculum effect for cephalothin (especially types B and C), and no inoculum effects for ceftriaxone and cefuroxime.	Cefuroxime	308-318	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	98-101
20211890-2	2010	Ceftobiprole showed the lowest MICs at a high inoculum but with a slight increase for Bla-positive versus Bla-negative strains.	ceftobiprole	0-12	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	86-89
20211890-2	2010	Ceftobiprole showed the lowest MICs at a high inoculum but with a slight increase for Bla-positive versus Bla-negative strains.	ceftobiprole	0-12	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	106-109
22959917-0	2012	Presence of the bla(Z) beta-lactamase gene in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus that appear penicillin susceptible by conventional phenotypic methods.	Penicillins	92-102	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	23-37
22959917-1	2012	Beta-lactamase production may not be reliably detected by commonly used susceptibility testing methods such as Kirby-Bauer penicillin disk diffusion and nitrocefin beta-lactamase detection.	Penicillins	123-133	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
22959917-2	2012	We assayed 105 apparently penicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates using multiple methods to detect beta-lactamase production.	Penicillins	26-36	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	113-127
23075449-2	2012	S. aureus has developed methicillin resistance mainly by expression of beta-lactamase and PBP2a, which is regulated by the blaZ-blaI-blaR1 and mecA-mecI-mecRI systems.	Methicillin	24-35	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	71-85
21496235-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The beta-lactamase (bla) locus, which confers resistance to penicillins only, may control the transcription of mecA, the central element of methicillin resistance, which is embedded in a polymorphic heterelogous chromosomal cassette (the SCCmec element).	Penicillins	72-83	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	16-30
21496235-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The beta-lactamase (bla) locus, which confers resistance to penicillins only, may control the transcription of mecA, the central element of methicillin resistance, which is embedded in a polymorphic heterelogous chromosomal cassette (the SCCmec element).	Penicillins	72-83	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	32-35
24031501-5	2010	The ampicillin-resistant isolates were tested for beta-lactamase production where, 61.7% of S. aureus and 42.9% of CoNS were positive for beta-lactamase enzyme.	Ampicillin	4-14	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	50-64
24031501-5	2010	The ampicillin-resistant isolates were tested for beta-lactamase production where, 61.7% of S. aureus and 42.9% of CoNS were positive for beta-lactamase enzyme.	Ampicillin	4-14	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	138-152
24031501-8	2010	When cells of these strains were exposed to curing agent ethidium bromide, the production of the beta-lactamase was lost.	Ethidium	57-73	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
23818792-4	2009	In addition, the isolates were tested for beta-lactamase production using disks impregnated with Nitrocefin and hyperproduction of beta-lactamase using amoxicillin (20 mug) and clavulanic acid (10 mug) disks.	Amoxicillin	152-163	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	131-145
18975519-10	2008	This study demonstrated that cefpodoxime +clavulanic acid combination has more potent in vitro activity in comparison to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid combination against beta-lactamase producing strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	cefpodoxime	29-40	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	170-184
18975519-10	2008	This study demonstrated that cefpodoxime +clavulanic acid combination has more potent in vitro activity in comparison to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid combination against beta-lactamase producing strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	Clavulanic Acid	42-57	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	170-184
14504433-0	2003	Beta-lactamase stability of faropenem.	fropenem	28-37	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	0-14
16105561-4	2005	Tigecycline inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and AmpC phenotypes at MIC90 values (minimum inhibitory concentration) of < or =2 microg/mL.	Tigecycline	0-11	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	40-54
18998265-5	2008	The first line of therapy for cellulitis remains a small spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant penicillin, such as flucloxacillin for 10 days.	Penicillins	92-102	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	67-81
18998265-5	2008	The first line of therapy for cellulitis remains a small spectrum, beta-lactamase resistant penicillin, such as flucloxacillin for 10 days.	Floxacillin	112-126	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	67-81
17045785-0	2006	Activity of tigecycline against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Granada, Spain.	Tigecycline	12-23	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	97-111
17045785-1	2006	We evaluated the in vitro activity of tigecycline using the Etest and disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as for CTX-M-9 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and SHV ESBL-producing E. coli.	Tigecycline	38-49	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	326-340
16466894-0	2006	Lack of association of Staphylococcus aureus type A beta-lactamase with cefazolin combined with antimicrobial spacer placement prosthetic joint infection treatment failure.	Cefazolin	72-81	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	52-66
16466894-1	2006	Association of cefazolin treatment failure with type A beta-lactamase-producing Staphylococcus aureus has been suggested.	Cefazolin	15-24	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	55-69
16466894-2	2006	The prevalence of beta-lactamase gene types among 23 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates associated with prosthetic joint infection (PJI) treated with cefazolin was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and clinical and microbiologic outcomes were assessed.	Cefazolin	165-174	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	18-32
16224179-2	2005	METHODS: beta-Lactamase activity in culture supernatants and in cytoplasmic membrane fractions was estimated by bioassay and by SDS-PAGE combined with nitrocefin assay.	Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate	128-131	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	9-23
16224179-2	2005	METHODS: beta-Lactamase activity in culture supernatants and in cytoplasmic membrane fractions was estimated by bioassay and by SDS-PAGE combined with nitrocefin assay.	nitrocefin	151-161	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	9-23
14504433-2	2003	This study compared FAR to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (BLA) stability and emergence of resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.	Cephalosporins	27-41	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	87-90
14504433-2	2003	This study compared FAR to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (BLA) stability and emergence of resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.	Imipenem	46-54	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	71-85
14504433-2	2003	This study compared FAR to cephalosporins and imipenem with respect to beta-lactamase (BLA) stability and emergence of resistance to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.	Imipenem	46-54	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	87-90