PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 27354518-4 2016 Together with computational and biochemical analyses, our results suggest that NEIL1 promotes tautomerization of thymine glycol (Tg)-a preferred substrate-for optimal binding in its active site. thymine glycol 113-127 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 28709015-5 2017 The DNA glycosylase NTHL1 in these extracts was able to excise Tg from both naked DNA and sites in nucleosomes that earlier studies had shown to be sterically accessible. thymine glycol 63-65 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 27354518-4 2016 Together with computational and biochemical analyses, our results suggest that NEIL1 promotes tautomerization of thymine glycol (Tg)-a preferred substrate-for optimal binding in its active site. thymine glycol 129-131 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 24848457-2 2014 Here, we identify two PIP domains in Polkappa and show that TLS occurs normally in human fibroblast cells in which the pip1 or pip2 mutant Polkappa is expressed, but mutational inactivation of both PIP domains renders Polkappa nonfunctional in TLS opposite the thymine glycol lesion. thymine glycol 261-275 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 37-45 24623817-6 2014 The telomeric single-stranded binding protein, protection of telomeres 1 efficiently stimulates RECQL1 on telomeric substrates containing thymine glycol, a replicative blocking lesion. thymine glycol 138-152 RecQ like helicase Homo sapiens 96-102 24648516-0 2014 A role for DNA polymerase theta in promoting replication through oxidative DNA lesion, thymine glycol, in human cells. thymine glycol 87-101 DNA polymerase theta Homo sapiens 11-31 23352893-6 2013 By quantitating the cleavage products, the activities of NTH1 and APE1 were assayed using substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg) and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. thymine glycol 112-126 nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 23926102-4 2013 We have tested the base excision activities of five mammalian DNA glycosylases (NEIL1, NEIL2, mNeil3, NTH1, and OGG1) on these lesion-containing quadruplex substrates and found that only mNeil3 had excision activity on Tg in quadruplex DNA and that the glycosylase exhibited a strong preference for Tg in the telomeric sequence context. thymine glycol 219-221 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 80-85 23940330-4 2013 One of these, n(th) endonuclease III-like (NTH1), removes oxidized pyrimidines from DNA, including thymine glycol. thymine glycol 99-113 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 23602515-6 2013 The nonplanar base thymine glycol in a 3" overhang severely inhibited cleavage by Metnase in the vicinity of the modified base, while Artemis was less affected. thymine glycol 19-33 SET domain and mariner transposase fusion gene Homo sapiens 82-89 23602515-7 2013 Nevertheless, thymine glycol moieties could be removed by Metnase- or Artemis-mediated cleavage at sites farther from the terminus than the lesion itself. thymine glycol 14-28 SET domain and mariner transposase fusion gene Homo sapiens 58-65 23926102-4 2013 We have tested the base excision activities of five mammalian DNA glycosylases (NEIL1, NEIL2, mNeil3, NTH1, and OGG1) on these lesion-containing quadruplex substrates and found that only mNeil3 had excision activity on Tg in quadruplex DNA and that the glycosylase exhibited a strong preference for Tg in the telomeric sequence context. thymine glycol 219-221 nei like 3 (E. coli) Mus musculus 187-193 23683351-5 2013 Here, we show that RECQL4 helicase has a preferential activity in vitro on telomeric substrates containing thymine glycol, a critical lesion that blocks DNA metabolism, and can be modestly stimulated further on a D-loop structure by TRF2, a telomeric shelterin protein. thymine glycol 107-121 RecQ like helicase 4 Homo sapiens 19-25 23352893-6 2013 By quantitating the cleavage products, the activities of NTH1 and APE1 were assayed using substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg) and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. thymine glycol 112-126 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 23352893-6 2013 By quantitating the cleavage products, the activities of NTH1 and APE1 were assayed using substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg) and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. thymine glycol 128-130 nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 23352893-6 2013 By quantitating the cleavage products, the activities of NTH1 and APE1 were assayed using substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg) and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. thymine glycol 128-130 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 22135286-2 2012 POLQ is a low-fidelity polymerase capable of efficient bypass of blocking lesions such as abasic sites and thymine glycols as well as extension of mismatched primer termini. thymine glycol 107-122 DNA polymerase theta Homo sapiens 0-4 22639086-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. thymine glycol 0-14 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 22639086-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. thymine glycol 0-14 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 22639086-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. thymine glycol 16-18 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 22639086-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. thymine glycol 16-18 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 22227292-1 2012 DNA polymerase kappa (Pol kappa), a member of Y-family DNA polymerases, can synthesize DNA with moderate fidelity on undamaged DNAs and replicate accurately in vitro thymine glycol, 8-oxo-G and aromatic adducts such as benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). thymine glycol 166-180 DNA polymerase kappa Homo sapiens 0-20 22227292-1 2012 DNA polymerase kappa (Pol kappa), a member of Y-family DNA polymerases, can synthesize DNA with moderate fidelity on undamaged DNAs and replicate accurately in vitro thymine glycol, 8-oxo-G and aromatic adducts such as benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). thymine glycol 166-180 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 22-31 23874233-4 2013 A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1). thymine glycol 81-95 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 151-182 23874233-4 2013 A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1). thymine glycol 81-95 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 184-188 23874233-4 2013 A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1). thymine glycol 97-99 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 151-182 23874233-4 2013 A wide spectrum of oxidative pyrimidine-derivatives has been reported, including thymine glycol (Tg), that are primarily removed by a DNA glycosylase, Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (Nth1). thymine glycol 97-99 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 184-188 22569481-4 2012 The purified Neil3 proteins are all active, and NEIL3Delta324 exhibits similar glycosylase/lyase activity as MmuNeil3Delta324 on both single-stranded and double-stranded substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) or an abasic site (AP). thymine glycol 192-206 nei like DNA glycosylase 3 Homo sapiens 13-18 22569481-4 2012 The purified Neil3 proteins are all active, and NEIL3Delta324 exhibits similar glycosylase/lyase activity as MmuNeil3Delta324 on both single-stranded and double-stranded substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) or an abasic site (AP). thymine glycol 192-206 nei like DNA glycosylase 3 Homo sapiens 48-61 22569481-4 2012 The purified Neil3 proteins are all active, and NEIL3Delta324 exhibits similar glycosylase/lyase activity as MmuNeil3Delta324 on both single-stranded and double-stranded substrates containing thymine glycol (Tg), spiroiminodihydantoin (Sp) or an abasic site (AP). thymine glycol 208-210 nei like DNA glycosylase 3 Homo sapiens 48-61 23251620-6 2012 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we have characterized the substrate specificity of human major AP endonuclease 1, APE1, towards epsilonA, epsilonC, thymine glycol (Tg) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) residues when present in duplex DNA. thymine glycol 153-167 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 22170059-0 2012 Structural characterization of viral ortholog of human DNA glycosylase NEIL1 bound to thymine glycol or 5-hydroxyuracil-containing DNA. thymine glycol 86-100 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 22170059-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg) and 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHU) are common oxidized products of pyrimidines, which are recognized and cleaved by two DNA glycosylases of the base excision repair pathway, endonuclease III (Nth) and endonuclease VIII (Nei). thymine glycol 0-14 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 214-231 22170059-1 2012 Thymine glycol (Tg) and 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHU) are common oxidized products of pyrimidines, which are recognized and cleaved by two DNA glycosylases of the base excision repair pathway, endonuclease III (Nth) and endonuclease VIII (Nei). thymine glycol 16-18 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 214-231 23251620-6 2012 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we have characterized the substrate specificity of human major AP endonuclease 1, APE1, towards epsilonA, epsilonC, thymine glycol (Tg) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) residues when present in duplex DNA. thymine glycol 169-171 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 21068368-3 2010 The edited form removes thymine glycol from duplex DNA 30 times more slowly than the form encoded in the genome, whereas editing enhances repair of the guanidinohydantoin lesion by NEIL1. thymine glycol 24-38 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 181-186 21380473-1 2011 The efficient formation of 5-methylcytosine glycol (mCg) and its facile deamination to thymine glycol (Tg) may account for the prevalent C T transition mutation found at methylated CpG site (mCpG) in human p53 gene, a hallmark for many types of human tumors. thymine glycol 87-101 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 208-211 21380473-1 2011 The efficient formation of 5-methylcytosine glycol (mCg) and its facile deamination to thymine glycol (Tg) may account for the prevalent C T transition mutation found at methylated CpG site (mCpG) in human p53 gene, a hallmark for many types of human tumors. thymine glycol 103-105 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 208-211 20102227-1 2010 DNA polymerase nu (POLN or pol nu) is a newly discovered A family polymerase that generates a high error rate when incorporating nucleotides opposite dG; its translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) capability has only been demonstrated for high fidelity replication bypass of thymine glycol lesions. thymine glycol 268-282 DNA polymerase nu Homo sapiens 0-17 20102227-1 2010 DNA polymerase nu (POLN or pol nu) is a newly discovered A family polymerase that generates a high error rate when incorporating nucleotides opposite dG; its translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) capability has only been demonstrated for high fidelity replication bypass of thymine glycol lesions. thymine glycol 268-282 DNA polymerase nu Homo sapiens 19-23 20102227-1 2010 DNA polymerase nu (POLN or pol nu) is a newly discovered A family polymerase that generates a high error rate when incorporating nucleotides opposite dG; its translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) capability has only been demonstrated for high fidelity replication bypass of thymine glycol lesions. thymine glycol 268-282 FUS RNA binding protein Homo sapiens 185-188 16547199-1 2006 Endonuclease III (Endo III) is a base excision repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases including thymine glycol. thymine glycol 113-127 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 0-16 19419957-6 2009 In the presence of replication protein A (RPA), but not Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, FANCJ efficiently unwound the DNA substrate harboring the thymine glycol damage in the nontranslocating strand; however, inhibition of FANCJ helicase activity by the translocating strand thymine glycol was not relieved. thymine glycol 168-182 RepA Escherichia coli 19-40 19419957-6 2009 In the presence of replication protein A (RPA), but not Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, FANCJ efficiently unwound the DNA substrate harboring the thymine glycol damage in the nontranslocating strand; however, inhibition of FANCJ helicase activity by the translocating strand thymine glycol was not relieved. thymine glycol 168-182 BRCA1 interacting helicase 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 19419957-6 2009 In the presence of replication protein A (RPA), but not Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, FANCJ efficiently unwound the DNA substrate harboring the thymine glycol damage in the nontranslocating strand; however, inhibition of FANCJ helicase activity by the translocating strand thymine glycol was not relieved. thymine glycol 297-311 RepA Escherichia coli 19-40 19419957-6 2009 In the presence of replication protein A (RPA), but not Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein, FANCJ efficiently unwound the DNA substrate harboring the thymine glycol damage in the nontranslocating strand; however, inhibition of FANCJ helicase activity by the translocating strand thymine glycol was not relieved. thymine glycol 297-311 BRCA1 interacting helicase 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 19419957-8 2009 Based on the biochemical studies, we propose a model for the specific functional interaction between RPA and FANCJ on the thymine glycol substrates. thymine glycol 122-136 BRCA1 interacting helicase 1 Homo sapiens 109-114 19341290-4 2009 hPolkappa is characterized by its ability to bypass several DNA adducts [e.g., benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide-N(2)-deoxyguanine (BPDE-N(2)-dG) and thymine glycol] and efficiently extend primers with mismatches at the termini. thymine glycol 143-157 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 0-9 18360100-3 2008 In Escherichia coli, endonuclease III (Nth) and endonuclease VIII (Nei) are known to actively remove TG from DNA, and the homologs are well conserved in various organisms. thymine glycol 101-103 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 21-37 16446124-0 2006 Repair of thymine glycol by hNth1 and hNeil1 is modulated by base pairing and cis-trans epimerization. thymine glycol 10-24 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 16446124-0 2006 Repair of thymine glycol by hNth1 and hNeil1 is modulated by base pairing and cis-trans epimerization. thymine glycol 10-24 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 19414504-1 2009 A base excision repair enzyme, NTH1, has activity that is capable of removing oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol (Tg), from DNA. thymine glycol 108-122 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 19414504-1 2009 A base excision repair enzyme, NTH1, has activity that is capable of removing oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol (Tg), from DNA. thymine glycol 124-126 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 19419957-4 2009 FANCJ was inhibited by a single thymine glycol, but not 8-oxoguanine, in either the translocating or nontranslocating strands of the helicase substrate. thymine glycol 32-46 BRCA1 interacting helicase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 19419957-5 2009 In contrast, the human RecQ helicases (BLM, RECQ1, and WRN) display strand-specific inhibition of unwinding by the thymine glycol damage, whereas other DNA helicases (DinG, DnaB, and UvrD) are not significantly inhibited by thymine glycol in either strand. thymine glycol 115-129 RecQ like helicase Homo sapiens 44-49 19419957-5 2009 In contrast, the human RecQ helicases (BLM, RECQ1, and WRN) display strand-specific inhibition of unwinding by the thymine glycol damage, whereas other DNA helicases (DinG, DnaB, and UvrD) are not significantly inhibited by thymine glycol in either strand. thymine glycol 115-129 WRN RecQ like helicase Homo sapiens 55-58 19419957-5 2009 In contrast, the human RecQ helicases (BLM, RECQ1, and WRN) display strand-specific inhibition of unwinding by the thymine glycol damage, whereas other DNA helicases (DinG, DnaB, and UvrD) are not significantly inhibited by thymine glycol in either strand. thymine glycol 224-238 RecQ like helicase Homo sapiens 44-49 19419957-5 2009 In contrast, the human RecQ helicases (BLM, RECQ1, and WRN) display strand-specific inhibition of unwinding by the thymine glycol damage, whereas other DNA helicases (DinG, DnaB, and UvrD) are not significantly inhibited by thymine glycol in either strand. thymine glycol 224-238 WRN RecQ like helicase Homo sapiens 55-58 19443904-6 2009 The NEIL1 G83D mutant was dysfunctional for the major oxidation products 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG), thymine glycol and dihydrothymine in duplex DNA, and the ability to perform delta-elimination at abasic sites was significantly reduced. thymine glycol 107-121 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 17171811-0 2006 Retraction notice to "The yeast RAD2, but not RAD1, gene is involved in the transcription-coupled repair of thymine glycols" [Mutat. thymine glycol 108-123 ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-36 17110932-5 2006 By purifying this activity, we discovered that TFIIF could promote elongation through a thymine glycol lesion. thymine glycol 88-102 general transcription factor IIF subunit 2 pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 47-52 17110932-6 2006 The elongation factors Elongin and CSB, but not TFIIS, can also stimulate bypass of thymine glycol lesions, whereas Elongin, CSB and TFIIS can all enhance bypass of an 8-oxoguanine lesion. thymine glycol 84-98 ERCC excision repair 6, chromatin remodeling factor Homo sapiens 35-38 16787914-8 2006 Furthermore, POLN can perform translesion synthesis past thymine glycol, a common endogenous and radiation-induced product of reactive oxygen species damage to DNA. thymine glycol 57-71 DNA polymerase nu Homo sapiens 13-17 16787914-9 2006 Thymine glycol blocks DNA synthesis by most DNA polymerases, but POLN was particularly adept at efficient and accurate translesion synthesis past a 5S-thymine glycol. thymine glycol 0-14 DNA polymerase nu Homo sapiens 65-69 16547199-1 2006 Endonuclease III (Endo III) is a base excision repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized pyrimidine bases including thymine glycol. thymine glycol 113-127 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 18-26 16111924-4 2006 Interestingly, cells deficient in hNTH1, the DNA glycosylase that repairs a major lethal single free radical damage, thymine glycol, were more radiosensitive but at the same time fewer DSBs were formed post-irradiation. thymine glycol 117-131 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 16129663-8 2006 When the plasmids contain the oxidative base lesion thymine glycol, CS-B cells are defective in recovery of expression, whereas UV(S)S cells show levels of expression similar to those in wild type cells. thymine glycol 52-66 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 15707971-3 2005 This study revealed that rpS3 cleaves the lesions including AP sites, thymine glycols, and other UV damaged lesions such as pyrimidine dimers. thymine glycol 70-85 ribosomal protein S3 Homo sapiens 25-29 16076563-5 2005 Deletion of nth1 confirmed that Nth1p is responsible for the majority of activity for thymine glycol and AP site incision in the absence of metal ions, while nth1 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to methylmethanesulfonate (MMS). thymine glycol 86-100 alpha,alpha-trehalase NTH1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-16 16076563-5 2005 Deletion of nth1 confirmed that Nth1p is responsible for the majority of activity for thymine glycol and AP site incision in the absence of metal ions, while nth1 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to methylmethanesulfonate (MMS). thymine glycol 86-100 alpha,alpha-trehalase NTH1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 32-37 15707971-5 2005 However, it has an endonuclease activity on DNA containing thymine glycol, which is exactly overlapped with UV-irradiated or AP DNAs, indicating that rpS3 cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity acting as a base-damage-endonuclease. thymine glycol 59-73 ribosomal protein S3 Homo sapiens 150-154 15319300-5 2004 When the excision repair activity towards double-stranded oligonucleotide containing a Tg:A base pair was compared among six types of recombinant NEIL1 proteins, p.Glu28del-type NEIL1, found in a primary case, was found to exhibit an extremely low activity level. thymine glycol 87-89 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 15319300-5 2004 When the excision repair activity towards double-stranded oligonucleotide containing a Tg:A base pair was compared among six types of recombinant NEIL1 proteins, p.Glu28del-type NEIL1, found in a primary case, was found to exhibit an extremely low activity level. thymine glycol 87-89 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 146-151 15466595-4 2004 Integration of the present results and the structural data elucidates how hSMUG1 accepts uracil, hoU, hmU and fU as substrates, but not other oxidized pyrimidines such as 5-hydroxycytosine, 5-formylcytosine and thymine glycol, and intact pyrimidines such as thymine and cytosine. thymine glycol 211-225 single-strand-selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 74-80 14734554-3 2004 hNTH1 and hNEIL1 but not hNEIL2 excised the two stereoisomers of thymine glycol (5R-Tg and 5S-Tg), but their isomer specificity was markedly different: the relative activity for 5R-Tg:5S-Tg was 13:1 for hNTH1 and 1.5:1 for hNEIL1. thymine glycol 65-79 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 15358233-2 2004 Human NTH1 is a bifunctional enzyme with DNA glycosylase and AP lyase activities and removes Tg as the first step of base excision repair (BER). thymine glycol 93-95 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 15358233-2 2004 Human NTH1 is a bifunctional enzyme with DNA glycosylase and AP lyase activities and removes Tg as the first step of base excision repair (BER). thymine glycol 93-95 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 61-69 15044326-4 2004 Nuclear extracts from PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines are defective in the incision of 8-oxoG, 5OHC and thymine glycol (TG) relative to the non-malignant prostate cell line. thymine glycol 115-129 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 15044326-4 2004 Nuclear extracts from PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines are defective in the incision of 8-oxoG, 5OHC and thymine glycol (TG) relative to the non-malignant prostate cell line. thymine glycol 131-133 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 14734554-3 2004 hNTH1 and hNEIL1 but not hNEIL2 excised the two stereoisomers of thymine glycol (5R-Tg and 5S-Tg), but their isomer specificity was markedly different: the relative activity for 5R-Tg:5S-Tg was 13:1 for hNTH1 and 1.5:1 for hNEIL1. thymine glycol 65-79 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 10-16 14522981-1 2003 Human endonuclease III (hNTH1), a DNA glycosylase with associated abasic lyase activity, repairs various mutagenic and toxic-oxidized DNA lesions, including thymine glycol. thymine glycol 157-171 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 15177046-6 2004 The electrophoretic mobility of trapped complexes formed with both Tg isomers was identical to one another and similar to that of the complex formed with recombinant mNTH1. thymine glycol 67-69 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 166-171 14726482-2 2004 In Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevesiae and mice, Tg is preferentially excised by endonuclease III (Endo III) and endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII), yNTG1 and yNTG2, and mNTH and mNEIL1, respectively. thymine glycol 56-58 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 120-137 14726482-2 2004 In Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevesiae and mice, Tg is preferentially excised by endonuclease III (Endo III) and endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII), yNTG1 and yNTG2, and mNTH and mNEIL1, respectively. thymine glycol 56-58 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 139-148 14726482-2 2004 In Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevesiae and mice, Tg is preferentially excised by endonuclease III (Endo III) and endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII), yNTG1 and yNTG2, and mNTH and mNEIL1, respectively. thymine glycol 56-58 bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 151-156 14726482-2 2004 In Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevesiae and mice, Tg is preferentially excised by endonuclease III (Endo III) and endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII), yNTG1 and yNTG2, and mNTH and mNEIL1, respectively. thymine glycol 56-58 bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 161-166 14726482-2 2004 In Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevesiae and mice, Tg is preferentially excised by endonuclease III (Endo III) and endonuclease VIII (Endo VIII), yNTG1 and yNTG2, and mNTH and mNEIL1, respectively. thymine glycol 56-58 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 181-187 14726482-5 2004 Steady-state kinetic analyses of the excision process revealed that Endo III, Endo VIII, yNTG1, mNTH and mNEIL1, but not yNTG2, excise Tg isomers from DNA in a stereoselective manner, as reflected in the parameter of catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). thymine glycol 135-137 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 78-87 14726482-5 2004 Steady-state kinetic analyses of the excision process revealed that Endo III, Endo VIII, yNTG1, mNTH and mNEIL1, but not yNTG2, excise Tg isomers from DNA in a stereoselective manner, as reflected in the parameter of catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). thymine glycol 135-137 bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 89-94 14726482-5 2004 Steady-state kinetic analyses of the excision process revealed that Endo III, Endo VIII, yNTG1, mNTH and mNEIL1, but not yNTG2, excise Tg isomers from DNA in a stereoselective manner, as reflected in the parameter of catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km). thymine glycol 135-137 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 105-111 17150535-3 2004 hNTH1 and hNEIL1 recognized a similar spectra of bases lesions, but the preference of damage including the stereoisomers of thymine glycol was significantly different between hNTH1 and hNEIL1. thymine glycol 124-138 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17150535-3 2004 hNTH1 and hNEIL1 recognized a similar spectra of bases lesions, but the preference of damage including the stereoisomers of thymine glycol was significantly different between hNTH1 and hNEIL1. thymine glycol 124-138 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 175-180 17150535-3 2004 hNTH1 and hNEIL1 recognized a similar spectra of bases lesions, but the preference of damage including the stereoisomers of thymine glycol was significantly different between hNTH1 and hNEIL1. thymine glycol 124-138 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 185-191 12401779-1 2002 In mammalian cells, thymine glycols and other oxidized pyrimidines such as 5,6-dihydrouracil are removed from DNA by the NTH1 protein, a bifunctional DNA-N-glycosylase. thymine glycol 20-35 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 83-97 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 6-29 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 83-97 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-34 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 83-97 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 40-68 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 83-97 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 70-74 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 99-101 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 6-29 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 99-101 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-34 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 99-101 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 40-68 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 99-101 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 70-74 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 110-112 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 6-29 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 110-112 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 31-34 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 110-112 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 40-68 12954776-0 2003 Human thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) and methyl-CpG-binding protein 4 (MBD4) excise thymine glycol (Tg) from a Tg:G mispair. thymine glycol 110-112 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 70-74 12954776-4 2003 We show that TDG and MBD4 can remove thymine glycol when present opposite guanine but not when paired with adenine. thymine glycol 37-51 thymine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 13-16 12954776-4 2003 We show that TDG and MBD4 can remove thymine glycol when present opposite guanine but not when paired with adenine. thymine glycol 37-51 methyl-CpG binding domain 4, DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 21-25 12819227-9 2003 We show that mNTH1 is responsible for the repair of thymine glycols in mitochondrial DNA, whereas other glycosylase/AP lyases also participate in removing other oxidized pyrimidines, such as 5-hydroxycytosine and 5-hydroxyuracil. thymine glycol 52-67 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 13-18 12519758-6 2003 When Tg is opposite guanine (Tg:G), the two activities are of the same specific activity as the AP lyase activity of hNTH1 against Tg:A (Ocampo, M. T. A., Chaung, W., Marenstein, D. R., Chan, M. K., Altamirano, A., Basu, A. K., Boorstein, R. J., Cunningham, R. P., and Teebor, G. W. (2002) Mol. thymine glycol 5-7 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 96-104 12519758-6 2003 When Tg is opposite guanine (Tg:G), the two activities are of the same specific activity as the AP lyase activity of hNTH1 against Tg:A (Ocampo, M. T. A., Chaung, W., Marenstein, D. R., Chan, M. K., Altamirano, A., Basu, A. K., Boorstein, R. J., Cunningham, R. P., and Teebor, G. W. (2002) Mol. thymine glycol 5-7 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 12409447-0 2002 Global genome removal of thymine glycol in Escherichia coli requires endonuclease III but the persistence of processed repair intermediates rather than thymine glycol correlates with cellular sensitivity to high doses of hydrogen peroxide. thymine glycol 25-39 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 69-85 12200441-1 2002 Thymine glycol, a potentially lethal DNA lesion produced by reactive oxygen species, can be removed by DNA glycosylase, Escherichia coli Nth (endonuclease III), or its mammalian homologue NTH1. thymine glycol 0-14 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 12200441-5 2002 Recombinant NEIL1 can remove thymine glycol and 5-hydroxyuracil in double- and single-stranded DNA much more efficiently than 8-oxoguanine and can nick the strand by an associated (beta-delta) apurinic/apyrimidinic lyase activity. thymine glycol 29-43 nei endonuclease VIII-like 1 (E. coli) Mus musculus 12-17 12145297-0 2002 Human DNA polymerase kappa bypasses and extends beyond thymine glycols during translesion synthesis in vitro, preferentially incorporating correct nucleotides. thymine glycol 55-70 DNA polymerase kappa Homo sapiens 6-26 12145297-8 2002 Polkappa is shown here to bypass 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxythymine (thymine glycol) generated in two different DNA substrate preparations. thymine glycol 67-81 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 0-8 12145297-9 2002 Polkappa inserts the correct base adenine opposite thymine glycol in preference to the other three bases. thymine glycol 51-65 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 0-8 12145297-12 2002 The two substrates differ only in the relative proportions of thymine glycol stereoisomers, suggesting that polkappa distinguishes among stereoisomers and exhibits reduced discrimination between purines when incorporating a base opposite a 5R thymine glycol stereoisomer. thymine glycol 62-76 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 108-116 12167705-4 2002 Tissues of mNth1(-/-) mice contained an enzymatic activity which cleaved DNA at sites of oxidized thymine residues (thymine glycol [Tg]). thymine glycol 116-130 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 11-16 12167705-4 2002 Tissues of mNth1(-/-) mice contained an enzymatic activity which cleaved DNA at sites of oxidized thymine residues (thymine glycol [Tg]). thymine glycol 132-134 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 11-16 11994004-3 2002 Here, we compare the abilities of pol alpha and pol eta to replicate across thymine glycol (Tg) using purified synthetic oligomers containing a 5R- or 5S-Tg. thymine glycol 76-90 DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 34-43 12140329-9 2002 The specific activities of hNTH1 for cleavage of oligonucleotides containing 5-foU and thymine glycol were 0.011 and 0.045 nM/min/ng protein, respectively. thymine glycol 87-101 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 12093749-0 2002 Novel nuclear and mitochondrial glycosylases revealed by disruption of the mouse Nth1 gene encoding an endonuclease III homolog for repair of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 142-157 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 81-85 12093749-0 2002 Novel nuclear and mitochondrial glycosylases revealed by disruption of the mouse Nth1 gene encoding an endonuclease III homolog for repair of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 142-157 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 103-119 12093749-1 2002 Endonuclease III, encoded by nth in Escherichia coli, removes thymine glycols (Tg), a toxic oxidative DNA lesion. thymine glycol 62-77 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 0-16 12093749-1 2002 Endonuclease III, encoded by nth in Escherichia coli, removes thymine glycols (Tg), a toxic oxidative DNA lesion. thymine glycol 79-81 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 0-16 12509226-4 2002 We have characterized one of these, hNEI1, and show it to be functionally homologous to bacterial Nei, that is, its principal substrates are oxidized pyrimidines, it undergoes a lyase reaction by, beta,delta-elimination and traps a Schiff base with a substrate containing thymine glycol (Tg). thymine glycol 272-286 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 12509226-4 2002 We have characterized one of these, hNEI1, and show it to be functionally homologous to bacterial Nei, that is, its principal substrates are oxidized pyrimidines, it undergoes a lyase reaction by, beta,delta-elimination and traps a Schiff base with a substrate containing thymine glycol (Tg). thymine glycol 288-290 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 11994004-3 2002 Here, we compare the abilities of pol alpha and pol eta to replicate across thymine glycol (Tg) using purified synthetic oligomers containing a 5R- or 5S-Tg. thymine glycol 92-94 DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 34-43 11896596-4 2002 As a target, we focused on the gene of a DNA repair enzyme for thymine glycol, Nth 1. thymine glycol 63-77 nth-like DNA glycosylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 11738939-2 2001 Recent studies showed that human XPG, in addition to its function in the nucleotide excision repair (NER), was involved in the repair of oxidative base damages such as thymine glycol (Tg) and 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG), and this may explain the genetic instability observed in Xpg-deficient cells. thymine glycol 168-182 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 33-36 11738939-2 2001 Recent studies showed that human XPG, in addition to its function in the nucleotide excision repair (NER), was involved in the repair of oxidative base damages such as thymine glycol (Tg) and 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG), and this may explain the genetic instability observed in Xpg-deficient cells. thymine glycol 184-186 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 33-36 11554293-7 2001 We have observed that mutation of the XPG gene drastically reduced the level and rate of global removal of thymine glycol (induced by 2-Gy irradiation), and there was no evidence for an inducible response. thymine glycol 107-121 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 38-41 11287425-3 2001 Using duplex 2"-deoxyribose oligonucleotides containing an abasic (AP) site, a thymine glycol, or a 5-hydroxyuracil residue as substrates, we found the AP lyase activity of hNth1 was 7 times slower than its DNA glycosylase activity, similar to results reported for murine and human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, which are also members of the endonuclease III family. thymine glycol 79-93 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 152-160 11287425-3 2001 Using duplex 2"-deoxyribose oligonucleotides containing an abasic (AP) site, a thymine glycol, or a 5-hydroxyuracil residue as substrates, we found the AP lyase activity of hNth1 was 7 times slower than its DNA glycosylase activity, similar to results reported for murine and human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, which are also members of the endonuclease III family. thymine glycol 79-93 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 173-178 11554298-8 2001 Endo III and Endo VIII have a very weak activity to dihydrothymine in comparison with thymine glycol. thymine glycol 86-100 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A Homo sapiens 18-22 10079077-4 1999 Values of Vm/Km constants lead to the conclusion that the substrates are processed by endonuclease III with the following preference: Tg >> 5-OHC > DHT. thymine glycol 134-136 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 86-102 11094978-6 2000 AtNTH1 exhibits DNA-glycosylase activity on different types of DNA substrates with pyrimidine damage, being able to release both urea and thymine glycol from double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotides. thymine glycol 138-152 DNA glycosylase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-6 10827172-4 2000 The substrates containing Fapy:N pairs (N = A, G, C, T) as well as a Tg:A pair, a physiological substrate of Endo III, Endo VIII, and mNth1, were treated by the enzymes and nicked products were quantified by gel electrophoresis. thymine glycol 69-71 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 109-117 10827172-4 2000 The substrates containing Fapy:N pairs (N = A, G, C, T) as well as a Tg:A pair, a physiological substrate of Endo III, Endo VIII, and mNth1, were treated by the enzymes and nicked products were quantified by gel electrophoresis. thymine glycol 69-71 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 134-139 10079077-0 1999 Excision of 5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine, 5,6-dihydrothymine, and 5-hydroxycytosine from defined sequence oligonucleotides by Escherichia coli endonuclease III and Fpg proteins: kinetic and mechanistic aspects. thymine glycol 12-44 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 147-163 10220568-9 1999 Indeed, the failure of repairing 8-OH-dGua and thymine glycol in benzene metabolites-treated Bcl-2 survivors increases the number of mutation frequencies at the hprt locus. thymine glycol 47-61 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 93-98 10220568-9 1999 Indeed, the failure of repairing 8-OH-dGua and thymine glycol in benzene metabolites-treated Bcl-2 survivors increases the number of mutation frequencies at the hprt locus. thymine glycol 47-61 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 8855249-6 1996 When expressed in E. coli, the NTG1 gene product cleaves plasmid DNA damaged by osmium tetroxide, thus, indicating specificity for thymine glycols in DNA similarly as is the case for EndoIII. thymine glycol 131-146 bifunctional N-glycosylase/AP lyase NTG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 9890904-9 1999 5-Hydroxycytosine, thymine glycol, 5-hydroxy-6-hydrothymine, 5,6-dihydroxycytosine, and 5-hydroxyuracil were substrates of hNTH1 protein among 17 lesions found in DNA substrates. thymine glycol 19-33 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 9637246-2 1998 We recently found that human cells defective in the DNA mismatch repair gene, hMSH2, were deficient in the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) of both oxidative DNA damage, including thymine glycols, and UV-induced DNA damage. thymine glycol 182-197 mutS homolog 2 Homo sapiens 78-83 9637246-5 1998 We found that yeast cells containing mutations in MSH2 were deficient in the removal of thymine glycols from the transcribed strand of the RPB2 gene, while cells with mutations in either MLH1 or PMS1 alone showed near normal levels of TCR of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 88-103 mismatch repair ATPase MSH2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-54 9637246-5 1998 We found that yeast cells containing mutations in MSH2 were deficient in the removal of thymine glycols from the transcribed strand of the RPB2 gene, while cells with mutations in either MLH1 or PMS1 alone showed near normal levels of TCR of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 88-103 DNA-directed RNA polymerase II core subunit RPB2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 139-143 9637246-5 1998 We found that yeast cells containing mutations in MSH2 were deficient in the removal of thymine glycols from the transcribed strand of the RPB2 gene, while cells with mutations in either MLH1 or PMS1 alone showed near normal levels of TCR of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 242-257 mismatch repair ATPase MSH2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-54 9637246-6 1998 Interestingly, double mutants in the MLH1 and PMS1 genes were deficient in TCR of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 82-97 mismatch repair ATPase MLH1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-41 9637246-6 1998 Interestingly, double mutants in the MLH1 and PMS1 genes were deficient in TCR of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 82-97 ATP-binding mismatch repair protein Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 46-50 8960131-5 1996 For endonuclease III, DNA containing O-methylhydroxyl-amine or O-benzylhydroxylamine was recognized at 12 and 9% of the rate of DNA containing thymine glycol, respectively, under subsaturating substrate concentrations (as determined by relative Vmax/K(m)). thymine glycol 143-157 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 4-20 9927729-1 1999 An ionizing radiation-induced DNA lesion, thymine glycol, is removed from DNA by a thymine glycol DNA glycosylase with an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase activity encoded by the Escherichia coli endonuclease III ( nth ) gene and its homolog in humans. thymine glycol 42-56 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 196-212 9927729-2 1999 Cells from Cockayne syndrome patients with mutations in the XPG gene show approximately 2-fold reduced global repair of thymine glycol. thymine glycol 120-134 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 60-63 9927729-3 1999 Hence, I decided to investigate the molecular mechanism of the effect of XPG protein observed in vivo on thymine glycol removal by studying the interactions of XPG protein and human endonuclease III (HsNTH) protein in vitro and the effect of XPG protein on the activity of HsNTH protein on a substrate containing thymine glycol. thymine glycol 105-119 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 73-76 9927729-3 1999 Hence, I decided to investigate the molecular mechanism of the effect of XPG protein observed in vivo on thymine glycol removal by studying the interactions of XPG protein and human endonuclease III (HsNTH) protein in vitro and the effect of XPG protein on the activity of HsNTH protein on a substrate containing thymine glycol. thymine glycol 313-327 ERCC excision repair 5, endonuclease Homo sapiens 73-76 9288788-4 1997 Cells defective in the hMSH2 gene were deficient in the removal of oxidative damage, including thymine glycols, from the transcribed strand of an active gene. thymine glycol 95-110 mutS homolog 2 Homo sapiens 23-28 7491120-0 1995 The yeast RAD2, but not RAD1, gene is involved in the transcription-coupled repair of thymine glycols. thymine glycol 86-101 ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 10-14 8811082-6 1996 Nth-Spo possesses glycosylase activity on different types of DNA substrates with pyrimidine damage, being able to release both urea and thymine glycol from double-stranded polymers. thymine glycol 136-150 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 0-3 8611553-1 1996 We purified a homologue of the Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme endo nuclease III 5000-fold from calf thymus which, like endonuclease III, demonstrates DNA-glycosylase activity against pyrimidine hydrates and thymine glycol and AP lyase activity (DNA strand cleavage at AP sites via beta-elimination). thymine glycol 211-225 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 123-139 8611553-1 1996 We purified a homologue of the Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme endo nuclease III 5000-fold from calf thymus which, like endonuclease III, demonstrates DNA-glycosylase activity against pyrimidine hydrates and thymine glycol and AP lyase activity (DNA strand cleavage at AP sites via beta-elimination). thymine glycol 211-225 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Bos taurus 230-238 7491120-3 1995 We find that in both wild-type and a rad1 delta mutant, repair of thymine glycols occurs faster on the transcribed strand of the GAL7 gene than on the nontranscribed strand. thymine glycol 66-81 ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 37-41 7491120-3 1995 We find that in both wild-type and a rad1 delta mutant, repair of thymine glycols occurs faster on the transcribed strand of the GAL7 gene than on the nontranscribed strand. thymine glycol 66-81 UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 7491120-5 1995 In contrast, the initial rate of repair of thymine glycols on the transcribed strand of the GAL7 gene in a rad2 delta mutant is significantly slower than that for the wild-type cells, with kinetics similar to that of the nontranscribed strand. thymine glycol 43-58 UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 92-96 7491120-5 1995 In contrast, the initial rate of repair of thymine glycols on the transcribed strand of the GAL7 gene in a rad2 delta mutant is significantly slower than that for the wild-type cells, with kinetics similar to that of the nontranscribed strand. thymine glycol 43-58 ssDNA endodeoxyribonuclease RAD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 107-111 1429664-5 1992 Our observation of strand-selective repair of thymine glycols in the GAL7 gene is the first evidence that this repair process occurs for a nonbulky lesion. thymine glycol 46-61 UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 69-73 2454659-3 1988 The base specificity and mechanism of phosphodiester bond cleavage for the yeast redoxyendonuclease appear to be identical with those of Escherichia coli endonuclease III when thymine glycol containing, end-labeled DNA fragments of defined sequence are employed as substrates. thymine glycol 176-190 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 154-170 1740238-5 1992 Furthermore, the protective effect of CuZnSOD at the DNA level, as shown by reduced thymine glycol generation, was demonstrated in paraquat-treated transgenic fibroblasts. thymine glycol 84-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-45 2924312-1 1989 Treatment of three murine tumor cell lines, L929, P388, and Pan-02, in vitro with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rhTNF) produced evidence of oxidative damage as measured by (a) increases in intracellular glutathione levels, (b) the formation of intracellular oxidized glutathione and (c) the formation of thymine glycols in DNA. thymine glycol 315-330 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-121 2665600-5 1989 The excision repair process for removal of thymine glycols from DNA is initiated in vivo by endonuclease III and is followed by the action of either exonuclease III or endonuclease IV. thymine glycol 43-58 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 92-108 2457010-2 1988 phi X RF I DNA containing thymine glycols was inactivated at a greater rate in mutants deficient in endonuclease III (nth) than in wild-type hosts, suggesting that endonuclease III is involved in the repair of thymine glycols in vivo. thymine glycol 26-41 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 100-116 2457010-2 1988 phi X RF I DNA containing thymine glycols was inactivated at a greater rate in mutants deficient in endonuclease III (nth) than in wild-type hosts, suggesting that endonuclease III is involved in the repair of thymine glycols in vivo. thymine glycol 26-41 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 164-180 2457010-2 1988 phi X RF I DNA containing thymine glycols was inactivated at a greater rate in mutants deficient in endonuclease III (nth) than in wild-type hosts, suggesting that endonuclease III is involved in the repair of thymine glycols in vivo. thymine glycol 210-225 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 100-116 2457010-2 1988 phi X RF I DNA containing thymine glycols was inactivated at a greater rate in mutants deficient in endonuclease III (nth) than in wild-type hosts, suggesting that endonuclease III is involved in the repair of thymine glycols in vivo. thymine glycol 210-225 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 164-180 1846559-6 1991 Evidence for the presence of thymine glycols and phosphoglycolate groups came from (i) a comparison of the radiation-induced products with those produced by OsO4 and KMnO4 and (ii) incubation of irradiated DNA with Escherichia coli endonuclease III and exonuclease III before analysis by the postlabeling procedure. thymine glycol 29-44 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 232-248 2091898-2 1990 Two enzymes, bacteriophage T4 endonuclease V, which cleaves at the site of pyrimidine dimers, and E. coli endonuclease III, which cleaves at the site of thymine glycols, were utilized. thymine glycol 153-168 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 106-122 2910530-7 1989 In the nucleotide mixture, 330-99,000 thymine glycol (TG) moieties were detected per 10(6) thymines (T) in a dose range of 14-1000 Gy respectively. thymine glycol 38-52 Dpp target gene Drosophila melanogaster 54-56 3477281-5 1987 We found that thymine glycols were produced in DNA in a dose dependent manner after exposure to the carcinogens and that their production was reduced if either catalase or superoxide dismutase or both were present at the time of treatment. thymine glycol 14-29 catalase Homo sapiens 160-168 31860280-7 2020 An even greater increase in MF of Tg (to ~5.5%) was observed in cells with deficiency of both pol kappa and pol zeta, suggesting that they work together to bypass Tg in an error-free manner. thymine glycol 34-36 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 94-103 31860280-7 2020 An even greater increase in MF of Tg (to ~5.5%) was observed in cells with deficiency of both pol kappa and pol zeta, suggesting that they work together to bypass Tg in an error-free manner. thymine glycol 163-165 DNA polymerase lambda Homo sapiens 94-103 31860280-13 2020 Overall, Tg is significantly more miscoding as part of a tandem lesion, and error-free Tg replication in HEK 293T cells requires participation of the TLS polymerases. thymine glycol 9-11 FUS RNA binding protein Homo sapiens 150-153 31860280-13 2020 Overall, Tg is significantly more miscoding as part of a tandem lesion, and error-free Tg replication in HEK 293T cells requires participation of the TLS polymerases. thymine glycol 87-89 FUS RNA binding protein Homo sapiens 150-153 31018584-4 2019 In this study, both human NEIL1 and NEIL3 have been expressed and purified from E. coli, and the DNA glycosylase activity of these two proteins confirmed using single- and double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide substrates containing the oxidative bases, 5-hydroxyuracil, 8-oxoguanine and thymine glycol. thymine glycol 285-299 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 31018584-4 2019 In this study, both human NEIL1 and NEIL3 have been expressed and purified from E. coli, and the DNA glycosylase activity of these two proteins confirmed using single- and double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide substrates containing the oxidative bases, 5-hydroxyuracil, 8-oxoguanine and thymine glycol. thymine glycol 285-299 nei like DNA glycosylase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 29610152-1 2018 Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (NTH1) is a DNA glycosylase required for the repair of oxidized bases, such as thymine glycol, within the base excision repair pathway. thymine glycol 111-125 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 29610152-1 2018 Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (NTH1) is a DNA glycosylase required for the repair of oxidized bases, such as thymine glycol, within the base excision repair pathway. thymine glycol 111-125 nth like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 3297132-1 1987 An N-glycosylase activity that released cis-[3H]-5,6-dihydroxy-5,6-dihydrothymine (thymine glycol, TG) from chemically oxidized poly(dA-[3H]dT) was unambiguously characterized both in extracts of HeLa cells and in purified Escherichia coli endonuclease III. thymine glycol 83-97 endonuclease III Escherichia coli 240-256 33929180-2 2021 Unedited (UE, Lys242) NEIL1 removes thymine glycol lesions in DNA ~30 times faster than edited (Ed, Arg242) NEIL1. thymine glycol 36-50 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 31733589-2 2020 Previous investigations of the catalytic efficiencies of the two forms of the enzyme revealed differential release of thymine glycol (ThyGly) from synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, with the unedited form, NEIL1 K242 being 30-fold more efficient than the edited NEIL1 K242R. thymine glycol 118-132 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 204-209 31733589-2 2020 Previous investigations of the catalytic efficiencies of the two forms of the enzyme revealed differential release of thymine glycol (ThyGly) from synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, with the unedited form, NEIL1 K242 being 30-fold more efficient than the edited NEIL1 K242R. thymine glycol 134-140 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 204-209 31733589-2 2020 Previous investigations of the catalytic efficiencies of the two forms of the enzyme revealed differential release of thymine glycol (ThyGly) from synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, with the unedited form, NEIL1 K242 being 30-fold more efficient than the edited NEIL1 K242R. thymine glycol 134-140 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 261-266 31733589-7 2020 Consistent with the prior literature, large differences ( 7.5 to 12-fold) were measured in the excision of ThyGly from genomic DNA by the unedited versus edited NEIL1. thymine glycol 107-113 nei like DNA glycosylase 1 Homo sapiens 161-166 31284385-3 2019 The most relevant form of DNA repair in this context is base excision repair (BER), which removes oxidized bases such as 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and thymine glycol through the action of the mitochondrial isoform of the specific 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase/apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (OGG1) or the endonuclease III homolog (NTH1). thymine glycol 147-161 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1 Mus musculus 286-290 31284385-3 2019 The most relevant form of DNA repair in this context is base excision repair (BER), which removes oxidized bases such as 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and thymine glycol through the action of the mitochondrial isoform of the specific 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase/apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) lyase (OGG1) or the endonuclease III homolog (NTH1). thymine glycol 147-161 nth (endonuclease III)-like 1 (E.coli) Mus musculus 325-329 30098578-6 2018 Substitution of Mg2+ with Mn2+ stimulates the TLS activity of PrimPol and allows for efficient, but error-prone, synthesis on DNA templates containing all tested DNA lesions, including thymine glycol and 1,N6-ethenoadenine. thymine glycol 185-199 primase and DNA directed polymerase Homo sapiens 62-69