PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 5289242-1 1971 A new enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase, was found in rat kidney and in several other tissues; it catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid) to L-glutamic acid, with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-130 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 14-28 5289242-1 1971 A new enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase, was found in rat kidney and in several other tissues; it catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid) to L-glutamic acid, with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 171-204 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 14-28 5289242-1 1971 A new enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase, was found in rat kidney and in several other tissues; it catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-5-oxo-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid) to L-glutamic acid, with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 206-225 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 14-28 5289242-2 1971 The reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase, in which 5-oxoproline formed from gamma-glutamyl amino acids by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is converted to glutamate, appears to function in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-63 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 26-40 5289242-2 1971 The reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase, in which 5-oxoproline formed from gamma-glutamyl amino acids by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is converted to glutamate, appears to function in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-63 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Rattus norvegicus 120-150 4900984-0 1969 Evidence for pyrrolidone carboxylic acid in beta-galactosidase from E. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 13-40 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 44-62 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 25-29 33881611-1 2021 One of the main components of senile plaques in Alzheimer"s disease (AD)-affected brain is the Abeta peptide species harboring a pyroglutamate at position three pE3-Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 129-142 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 95-100 33881611-1 2021 One of the main components of senile plaques in Alzheimer"s disease (AD)-affected brain is the Abeta peptide species harboring a pyroglutamate at position three pE3-Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 129-142 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 165-170 34058788-6 2021 However, binding of a human soluble SIRPalpha -Fc fusion protein to SEN177 treated cancer cells was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that pyro-glutamate formation of CD47 was affected. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 166-180 signal regulatory protein alpha Homo sapiens 36-45 34058788-6 2021 However, binding of a human soluble SIRPalpha -Fc fusion protein to SEN177 treated cancer cells was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that pyro-glutamate formation of CD47 was affected. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 166-180 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 194-198 33848635-4 2021 We have developed a novel, high affinity antibody against Abeta peptides bearing a pyroglutamate residue at amino acid position 3 (3pE), an Abeta species abundantly present in plaque deposits in AD brains. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-96 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 58-63 33848635-4 2021 We have developed a novel, high affinity antibody against Abeta peptides bearing a pyroglutamate residue at amino acid position 3 (3pE), an Abeta species abundantly present in plaque deposits in AD brains. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-96 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 140-145 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 signal regulatory protein alpha Homo sapiens 68-77 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 226-230 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 234-282 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 284-289 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 353-358 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 226-230 34051623-1 2021 "Don"t eat me" signal of CD47 is activated via its interaction with SIRPalpha protein on myeloid cells, especially phagocytic cells, and prevents malignant cells from anti-tumor immunity in which pyroglutamate modification of CD47 by glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein (isoQC) takes an important part evidenced by our previous report that isoQC is an essential regulator for CD47-SIRPalpha axis with a strong inhibition on macrophage-mediated phagoctyosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-209 signal regulatory protein alpha Homo sapiens 394-403 33159802-3 2021 The N-terminal glutamine on immature CCL2 is replaced with pyroglutamate (pE) by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and isoQC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-72 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 34000808-1 2021 Pyroglutamate (pE) modification, catalyzed mainly by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), is prevalent throughout nature and is particularly important in mammals including humans for the maturation of hormones, peptides, and proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 53-71 34000808-1 2021 Pyroglutamate (pE) modification, catalyzed mainly by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), is prevalent throughout nature and is particularly important in mammals including humans for the maturation of hormones, peptides, and proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 15-17 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 53-71 33848613-8 2021 A large number of Abeta peptides were identified including Abeta1-X, 2-X, 3-X, 4-X, 5-X, 11-X, and Abeta peptides extended N terminally of the BACE1 cleavage site and ending at amino 15 in the Abeta sequence APP/Abeta(-X to 15), as well as peptides post-translationally modified by pyroglutamate formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 282-295 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 18-23 33848613-8 2021 A large number of Abeta peptides were identified including Abeta1-X, 2-X, 3-X, 4-X, 5-X, 11-X, and Abeta peptides extended N terminally of the BACE1 cleavage site and ending at amino 15 in the Abeta sequence APP/Abeta(-X to 15), as well as peptides post-translationally modified by pyroglutamate formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 282-295 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-64 33848613-8 2021 A large number of Abeta peptides were identified including Abeta1-X, 2-X, 3-X, 4-X, 5-X, 11-X, and Abeta peptides extended N terminally of the BACE1 cleavage site and ending at amino 15 in the Abeta sequence APP/Abeta(-X to 15), as well as peptides post-translationally modified by pyroglutamate formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 282-295 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-64 33848613-8 2021 A large number of Abeta peptides were identified including Abeta1-X, 2-X, 3-X, 4-X, 5-X, 11-X, and Abeta peptides extended N terminally of the BACE1 cleavage site and ending at amino 15 in the Abeta sequence APP/Abeta(-X to 15), as well as peptides post-translationally modified by pyroglutamate formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 282-295 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-64 33159802-3 2021 The N-terminal glutamine on immature CCL2 is replaced with pyroglutamate (pE) by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and isoQC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-72 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 109-114 33159802-3 2021 The N-terminal glutamine on immature CCL2 is replaced with pyroglutamate (pE) by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and isoQC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 74-76 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 33159802-3 2021 The N-terminal glutamine on immature CCL2 is replaced with pyroglutamate (pE) by glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and isoQC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 74-76 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 109-114 33159802-4 2021 pE-CCL2 is stable and resistant to peptidases. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-2 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 3-7 33497363-3 2021 The levels of FLG degradation products including pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, urocanic acid (UCA), and cis/trans UCA were significantly decreased in skin tape stripping samples of study subjects when they moved from Denver, an area with low PM2.5, to Seoul, an area with high PM2.5 count. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 49-76 filaggrin Mus musculus 14-17 33772024-5 2021 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid and 5-oxoproline signal through cAMP-PKA-p38 MAPK and beta-hydroxyisobutyric acid via mTOR. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 31-43 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 113-117 33598529-7 2021 Finally, this review describes an mRNA self-replicating vaccine that will raise brain levels of ATP by reducing Abeta, pyroglutamate-modified Abeta, and cyclophilin-D, and thereby-in cognitively normal elderly persons who have synaptic hypometabolism-prevent initiation of the process that terminates in AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-132 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 142-147 33373636-3 2021 Overexpression of secretory glutaminyl cyclase (sQC) in AD brain leads to the formation of a highly neurotoxic pyroglutamate variant of amyloid beta, pGlu-Abeta, which acts as a potential seed for the aggregation of full length Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 111-124 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 48-51 33373636-3 2021 Overexpression of secretory glutaminyl cyclase (sQC) in AD brain leads to the formation of a highly neurotoxic pyroglutamate variant of amyloid beta, pGlu-Abeta, which acts as a potential seed for the aggregation of full length Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 111-124 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 155-160 33373636-3 2021 Overexpression of secretory glutaminyl cyclase (sQC) in AD brain leads to the formation of a highly neurotoxic pyroglutamate variant of amyloid beta, pGlu-Abeta, which acts as a potential seed for the aggregation of full length Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 111-124 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 228-233 33320198-2 2021 SUMMARY ANSWER: Higher serum concentrations of metabolites of phosphate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, branched chained amino acids (BCAAs), proline, urea and pyroglutamic acid were associated with higher odds of fast annual decline rate of AMH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 153-170 anti-Mullerian hormone Homo sapiens 235-238 33320198-16 2021 The odds of fast AMH decline was increased with higher serum metabolites of phosphate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, BCAAs, proline, urea and pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 136-153 anti-Mullerian hormone Homo sapiens 17-20 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-47 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 32259244-9 2021 In addition, L-pyroglutamic acid achieved an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.955 with high sensitivity (97.22%) and specificity (83.33%) at the cut-off of 61.54 muM in the further targeted metabolism, indicating diagnostic potential. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 13-32 latexin Homo sapiens 189-192 33462753-5 2021 Filaggrin is degraded by caspase-14, calpain 1, and bleomycin hydrolases into amino acids and amino acid metabolites such as trans-urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which are pivotal natural moisturizing factors in the SC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-176 filaggrin Homo sapiens 0-9 33462753-5 2021 Filaggrin is degraded by caspase-14, calpain 1, and bleomycin hydrolases into amino acids and amino acid metabolites such as trans-urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which are pivotal natural moisturizing factors in the SC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-176 caspase 14 Homo sapiens 25-35 33462753-5 2021 Filaggrin is degraded by caspase-14, calpain 1, and bleomycin hydrolases into amino acids and amino acid metabolites such as trans-urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, which are pivotal natural moisturizing factors in the SC. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-176 calpain 1 Homo sapiens 37-46 32886767-7 2020 The end product of Chac1 action is 5-oxoproline, and studies with 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH), an enzyme of the glutathione cycle has revealed that down-regulation of OPLAH can lead to the accumulation of 5-oxproline which is an important factor in heart failure. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-47 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 162-167 32363230-1 2020 Introduction: Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid beta (AbetapE3) could be a biomarker for Abeta plaque pathology in the brain. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-27 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 51-56 32345355-0 2020 Enhanced accumulation of N-terminally truncated Abeta with and without pyroglutamate-11 modification in parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in idiopathic and dup15q11.2-q13 autism. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 71-84 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 104-115 32345355-5 2020 The peptides accumulated in autism are N-terminally truncated; therefore, we produced a new antibody against Abeta truncated at N-terminal amino acid 11 modified to pyroglutamate to evaluate the presence and distribution of this peptide species in autism. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 165-178 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 109-114 31288079-3 2019 The sQC is known to mediate the formation of pyroglutamate containing amyloid beta (pGlu-Abeta) peptides while gQC mediates the maturation of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 45-58 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 4-7 31809960-8 2020 Six metabolites including GPC, 1-methyladenosine, maleic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, inosine, and citrate are significantly changed (VIP >= 1 and p <= 0.05) in both serum and urine samples from patients with POP. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-82 diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase 1 Homo sapiens 132-140 31101938-3 2019 Both transporters mediate L-lactate transport, but, although hMCT1 also transports L-5-oxoproline (L-OPro), this compound is minimally transported by hMCT4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-97 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 31101938-3 2019 Both transporters mediate L-lactate transport, but, although hMCT1 also transports L-5-oxoproline (L-OPro), this compound is minimally transported by hMCT4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 99-105 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 31520514-4 2019 PxpA associates with the PxpBC complex to form a functional 5-oxoprolinase enzyme for conversion of 5-oxoproline to L-glutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-112 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 60-74 32240171-8 2020 We also utilized the LSC assay to confirm published studies showing that the inhibition of amino-terminal pyroglutamate formation on CD47 using the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor SEN177 disrupts SIRPalpha binding. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-119 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 133-137 32240171-8 2020 We also utilized the LSC assay to confirm published studies showing that the inhibition of amino-terminal pyroglutamate formation on CD47 using the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor SEN177 disrupts SIRPalpha binding. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-119 signal regulatory protein alpha Homo sapiens 193-202 32094456-2 2020 Specific forms of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides, for example post-translationally modified Abeta peptides with a pyroglutamate at the N-terminus (pGlu3, pE3), are attractive antibody targets, due to pGlu3-Abeta"s neo-epitope character and its propensity to form neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-126 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 18-30 32094456-2 2020 Specific forms of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides, for example post-translationally modified Abeta peptides with a pyroglutamate at the N-terminus (pGlu3, pE3), are attractive antibody targets, due to pGlu3-Abeta"s neo-epitope character and its propensity to form neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-126 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 32-37 32094456-2 2020 Specific forms of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides, for example post-translationally modified Abeta peptides with a pyroglutamate at the N-terminus (pGlu3, pE3), are attractive antibody targets, due to pGlu3-Abeta"s neo-epitope character and its propensity to form neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-126 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 91-96 32094456-2 2020 Specific forms of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides, for example post-translationally modified Abeta peptides with a pyroglutamate at the N-terminus (pGlu3, pE3), are attractive antibody targets, due to pGlu3-Abeta"s neo-epitope character and its propensity to form neurotoxic oligomeric aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-126 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 91-96 31878259-2 2019 Among human GSH degradation enzymes, the ChaC2 enzyme acts on GSH to form 5-l-oxoproline and Cys-Gly specifically in the cytosol. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 74-88 ChaC glutathione specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 Homo sapiens 41-46 31438631-0 2019 A Multi-Biochemical and In Silico Study on Anti-Enzymatic Actions of Pyroglutamic Acid against PDE-5, ACE, and Urease Using Various Analytical Techniques: Unexplored Pharmacological Properties and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-86 phosphodiesterase 5A Homo sapiens 95-100 31438631-0 2019 A Multi-Biochemical and In Silico Study on Anti-Enzymatic Actions of Pyroglutamic Acid against PDE-5, ACE, and Urease Using Various Analytical Techniques: Unexplored Pharmacological Properties and Cytotoxicity Evaluation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-86 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 102-105 31438631-1 2019 In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 22-39 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 224-253 31438631-1 2019 In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 22-39 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 255-258 31438631-1 2019 In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-45 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 224-253 31438631-1 2019 In the current study, pyroglutamic acid (pGlu), a natural amino acid derivative, has efficiently inhibited the catalytic activities of three important enzymes, namely: Human recombinant phosphodiesterase-5A1 (PDE5A1), human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and urease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-45 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 255-258 31438631-5 2019 Moreover, pGlu at a concentration of 20 microg/mL was found to efficiently inhibit human ACE with 98.2% inhibition compared with that of standard captopril (99.6%; 20 microg/mL). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-14 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 89-92 30833751-6 2019 Biochemical analysis demonstrates that QPCTL is critical for pyroglutamate formation on CD47 at the SIRPalpha binding site shortly after biosynthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-74 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like protein Cricetulus griseus 39-44 30391539-0 2019 Deceleration of the neurodegenerative phenotype in pyroglutamate-Abeta accumulating transgenic mice by oral treatment with the Abeta oligomer eliminating compound RD2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-64 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 65-70 30391539-0 2019 Deceleration of the neurodegenerative phenotype in pyroglutamate-Abeta accumulating transgenic mice by oral treatment with the Abeta oligomer eliminating compound RD2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-64 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 127-132 31217077-3 2019 These analyses revealed increased g-aminobutyric acid and 5-oxoproline production following the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors to IGF-1-treated cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-70 prostaglandin E receptor 2 Homo sapiens 108-111 31217077-3 2019 These analyses revealed increased g-aminobutyric acid and 5-oxoproline production following the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors to IGF-1-treated cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-70 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Homo sapiens 112-115 31217077-3 2019 These analyses revealed increased g-aminobutyric acid and 5-oxoproline production following the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors to IGF-1-treated cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-70 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 130-135 31217077-4 2019 The expression of a 5-oxoproline-catalyzing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), was also upregulated by IGF-1 treatment and further enhanced by the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-32 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 52-82 31217077-4 2019 The expression of a 5-oxoproline-catalyzing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), was also upregulated by IGF-1 treatment and further enhanced by the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-32 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 84-88 31217077-4 2019 The expression of a 5-oxoproline-catalyzing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), was also upregulated by IGF-1 treatment and further enhanced by the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-32 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 31217077-4 2019 The expression of a 5-oxoproline-catalyzing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), was also upregulated by IGF-1 treatment and further enhanced by the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-32 prostaglandin E receptor 2 Homo sapiens 171-174 31217077-4 2019 The expression of a 5-oxoproline-catalyzing enzyme, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), was also upregulated by IGF-1 treatment and further enhanced by the addition of EP2/EP4 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-32 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Homo sapiens 175-178 31178666-6 2019 Bioinformatical analyses showed that both members of the Sulfolobaceae have at least one candidate for a 5-oxoprolinase, which catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of pyroglutamate to glutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 169-182 DsrE/DsrF/DrsH-like family protein Saccharolobus solfataricus 105-119 30952730-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, catalyzes a specific reaction that generates 5-oxoproline and free amino acids from the gamma-glutamyl peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-161 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 16-46 30952730-1 2019 BACKGROUND/AIM: gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT), a key enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism, catalyzes a specific reaction that generates 5-oxoproline and free amino acids from the gamma-glutamyl peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-161 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 48-52 30391539-0 2019 Deceleration of the neurodegenerative phenotype in pyroglutamate-Abeta accumulating transgenic mice by oral treatment with the Abeta oligomer eliminating compound RD2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-64 peripherin 2 Mus musculus 163-166 30391539-6 2019 Here, we report on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the compound towards pyroglutamate-Abeta, a particular aggressive Abeta species. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-90 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 91-96 30391539-6 2019 Here, we report on the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the compound towards pyroglutamate-Abeta, a particular aggressive Abeta species. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-90 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 122-127 30391539-7 2019 Using the transgenic TBA2.1 mouse model, which develops pyroglutamate-Abeta(3-42) induced neurodegeneration, we are able to show that oral RD2 treatment resulted in a significant deceleration of the progression of the phenotype. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-69 peripherin 2 Mus musculus 139-142 30833751-6 2019 Biochemical analysis demonstrates that QPCTL is critical for pyroglutamate formation on CD47 at the SIRPalpha binding site shortly after biosynthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-74 leukocyte surface antigen CD47 Cricetulus griseus 88-92 30833751-6 2019 Biochemical analysis demonstrates that QPCTL is critical for pyroglutamate formation on CD47 at the SIRPalpha binding site shortly after biosynthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-74 tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1 Cricetulus griseus 100-109 29504532-0 2018 Generation and Partial Characterization of Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody to Pyroglutamate Amyloid-beta3-42 (pE3-Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 73-86 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 109-114 30032247-0 2018 OPLAH ablation leads to accumulation of 5-oxoproline, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and elevated fillings pressures: a murine model for heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 40-52 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-5 30032247-4 2018 Recent results have shown that depletion of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH) leads to 5-oxoproline accumulation, which is an important mediator of oxidative stress in the heart. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-88 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 44-58 30032247-4 2018 Recent results have shown that depletion of 5-oxoprolinase (OPLAH) leads to 5-oxoproline accumulation, which is an important mediator of oxidative stress in the heart. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-88 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 60-65 30032247-6 2018 Methods and results: Oplah full body knock-out (KO) mice had higher 5-oxoproline levels coupled to increased oxidative stress. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-80 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 21-26 30114606-2 2018 A recent study showed that decreasing 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate) concentration, an important mediator of oxidative stress, by over-expressing 5-oxoprolinase, improves cardiac function post-myocardial infarction in mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 38-50 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 144-158 30114606-2 2018 A recent study showed that decreasing 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamate) concentration, an important mediator of oxidative stress, by over-expressing 5-oxoprolinase, improves cardiac function post-myocardial infarction in mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 52-65 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 144-158 31957349-0 2018 Computer-Aided Design and Synthesis of 1-{4-[(3,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid as an Nrf2 Enhancer. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 39-119 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 31957349-6 2018 Of the screened derivatives, 1-{4-[(3,4-dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid demonstrated better activity than the parent molecules in activating the Nrf2 transduction pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 29-109 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 183-187 31957368-0 2018 Computer-Aided Design and Synthesis of 1-{4-[(3,4-Dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]phenyl}-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylic Acid as an Nrf2 Enhancer. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 39-119 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 29127003-3 2018 In this study we evaluated the minimal quantity of high density negatively charged EEEEVE amino acid repeats (pGlu) necessary to switch the recombinant receptor-binding domain of human alpha-fetoprotein (rbdAFP) expression almost entirely from the inclusion bodies to the soluble cytoplasmic fraction in E. coli. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 110-114 alpha fetoprotein Homo sapiens 185-202 29329158-4 2018 (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN-BD11 and 1.1B4 beta-cells, associated with no effect on membrane potential or [Ca]i. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 1-5 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 11-14 29329158-6 2018 In agreement, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 improved glucose disposal and glucose-induced insulin release in mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 15-19 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 25-28 29329158-7 2018 In addition, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 evoked clear satiety effects. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 24-27 29329158-10 2018 (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and gastrin-17 also augmented human and rodent beta-cell proliferation and offered protection against streptozotocin-induced beta-cell cytotoxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 1-5 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 11-14 30320570-0 2018 Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Activity of Meprin beta Links N-truncation of Abeta with Glutaminyl Cyclase-Catalyzed pGlu-Abeta Formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 107-111 meprin A subunit beta Homo sapiens 33-44 30320570-0 2018 Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Activity of Meprin beta Links N-truncation of Abeta with Glutaminyl Cyclase-Catalyzed pGlu-Abeta Formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 107-111 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 67-72 30320570-0 2018 Dipeptidyl-Peptidase Activity of Meprin beta Links N-truncation of Abeta with Glutaminyl Cyclase-Catalyzed pGlu-Abeta Formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 107-111 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 112-117 30320570-12 2018 Thus, our data suggest that meprin beta contributes to the formation of N-truncated Abeta by endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity to generate the substrate for QC-catalyzed pGlu-Abeta formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 176-180 meprin A subunit beta Homo sapiens 28-39 30320570-12 2018 Thus, our data suggest that meprin beta contributes to the formation of N-truncated Abeta by endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity to generate the substrate for QC-catalyzed pGlu-Abeta formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 176-180 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 84-89 30320570-12 2018 Thus, our data suggest that meprin beta contributes to the formation of N-truncated Abeta by endopeptidase and exopeptidase activity to generate the substrate for QC-catalyzed pGlu-Abeta formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 176-180 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 181-186 30583944-7 2019 Furthermore, we have demonstrated using purified rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles that 2,4-D potently inhibited the Na+-dependent uptake of pyroglutamate, a typical substrate for Smct1, and that 2,4-D uptake process was Na+-dependent, saturable and inhibitable by a potent blocker, ibuprofen. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 151-164 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 190-195 29709591-1 2018 Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT) catalyzes the posttranslational modification of an N-terminal glutamate of proteins to pyroglutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-143 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-35 29709591-1 2018 Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (QPCT) catalyzes the posttranslational modification of an N-terminal glutamate of proteins to pyroglutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-143 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 37-41 29575223-2 2018 Formation of respective 2,5-diketopiperazines was accompanied by transformation of the N-terminal Glu(R1) to pyroglutamic acid residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 109-126 glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 Homo sapiens 98-104 29673150-3 2018 Among these, a particularly neurotoxic and disease-specific Abeta variant is N-terminally truncated and modified to pyroglutamate (pE-Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 116-129 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 60-65 29673150-3 2018 Among these, a particularly neurotoxic and disease-specific Abeta variant is N-terminally truncated and modified to pyroglutamate (pE-Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 116-129 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 134-139 29943523-12 2018 The pyroglutamate levels were higher in COPD (1.58 muM/L) than in the controls (1 muM/L; p = 0.040). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 latexin Homo sapiens 51-54 29943523-12 2018 The pyroglutamate levels were higher in COPD (1.58 muM/L) than in the controls (1 muM/L; p = 0.040). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 latexin Homo sapiens 82-85 29298722-3 2018 Recent literature suggests that ageing may induce post translational modifications in Abeta, in the form of spontaneous amino acid modifications, which enhance its pathogenic properties, contributing to its aggregation.In this study, we have investigated whether the isoaspartate (IsoD-Abeta) and pyroglutamate (pE3-Abeta) modified forms of Abeta are significantly associated with AD pathology or represent markers of ageing. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 297-310 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 86-91 29504532-1 2018 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide starting at position 3 represents a significant fraction of Abeta peptides (pE3-Abeta) in amyloid plaques of postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and older persons with Down syndrome (DS). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 126-131 29578479-0 2018 Comprehensive Characterization of the Pyroglutamate Amyloid-beta Induced Motor Neurodegenerative Phenotype of TBA2.1 Mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 38-51 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 52-64 29504532-1 2018 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide starting at position 3 represents a significant fraction of Abeta peptides (pE3-Abeta) in amyloid plaques of postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and older persons with Down syndrome (DS). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 51-56 29504532-1 2018 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide starting at position 3 represents a significant fraction of Abeta peptides (pE3-Abeta) in amyloid plaques of postmortem brains from patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and older persons with Down syndrome (DS). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 126-131 29118264-0 2017 Accumulation of 5-oxoproline in myocardial dysfunction and the protective effects of OPLAH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 16-28 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 85-90 29154783-9 2018 alpha-Cyano-4- hydroxycinnamate (CHC) and 5-oxoproline, which are both MCT1 inhibitors, were found to significantly inhibit the uptake of l-lactate, suggesting MCT1 is primarily responsible for l-lactate transport. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 42-54 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 29154783-9 2018 alpha-Cyano-4- hydroxycinnamate (CHC) and 5-oxoproline, which are both MCT1 inhibitors, were found to significantly inhibit the uptake of l-lactate, suggesting MCT1 is primarily responsible for l-lactate transport. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 42-54 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 28936777-8 2017 The effect of PHS on FLG metabolism was manifested as the increase of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and skin hydration in vivo human skin. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 70-97 filaggrin Homo sapiens 21-24 28267090-6 2018 Her 5-oxoproline level was 3815 mmol/mol creatinine in urine organic acid analysis, and a homozygous mutation [p.R125H (c.374G>A)] was found in the glutathione synthetase gene. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-16 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 151-173 29118264-3 2017 Our screen identified Oplah, encoding for 5-oxoprolinase, a member of the gamma-glutamyl cycle that functions by scavenging 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 124-136 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 22-27 29118264-4 2017 OPLAH depletion occurred as a result of cardiac injury, leading to elevated 5-oxoproline and oxidative stress, whereas OPLAH overexpression improved cardiac function after ischemic injury. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-88 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-5 29076753-3 2017 Research shows that the more neurotoxic factor, pyroglutamate-Abetas, and the more important inflammatory mediators, pyroglutamate-CCL2, both contribute to the initiation of AD specifically and the generation of N-terminal intramolecular cyclization catalyzed by glutaminyl cyclase quality control, the over-expression of which correlates positively with the severity of AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 117-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 29076753-4 2017 Subsequently, lowering pyroglutamate-Abetas and pyroglutamate-CCL2 levels by quality control inhibition using small molecule inhibitors could be expected as an amazing strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-61 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 28895067-6 2017 Statistical significant differences between the two strains were observed among the low molecular weight polar metabolites analyzed from plasma and liver.These included a decrease in malic acid and glutamine and an increase in pyroglutamic acid, serine, and alanine in plasma of DPPIV- rats. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 227-244 dipeptidylpeptidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 279-284 27618188-2 2016 Here we show that HCF-1 cleavage occurs via glycosylation of a glutamate side chain followed by on-enzyme formation of an internal pyroglutamate, which undergoes spontaneous backbone hydrolysis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 131-144 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 18-23 28739588-0 2017 N-terminal pyroglutamate formation in CX3CL1 is essential for its full biologic activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 11-24 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 126-130 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 126-130 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 159-161 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 126-130 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 163-181 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 107-111 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 159-161 28739588-2 2017 Frequently, the activity of chemokines depends on a modified N-terminus as described for the N-terminus of CCL2 modified to a pGlu- (pyroglutamate) residue by QC (glutaminyl cyclase) activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 163-181 28739588-3 2017 Here, we assess the role of the pGlu-modified residue of the CX3CL1 chemokine domain in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-36 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 28739588-9 2017 These results strongly suggest that QC-catalysed N-terminal pGlu formation of CX3CL1 is important for the stability or the interaction with its receptor and opens new insights into the function of QC in inflammation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-64 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 78-84 28700245-1 2017 High expression of glutaminyl cyclase (QC) contributes to the initiation of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) by catalyzing the generation of neurotoxic pyroglutamate (pE)-modified beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 144-157 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 186-191 28700245-1 2017 High expression of glutaminyl cyclase (QC) contributes to the initiation of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) by catalyzing the generation of neurotoxic pyroglutamate (pE)-modified beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 159-161 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 186-191 28234463-1 2017 Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) has been implicated in the formation of toxic amyloid plaques by generating the N-terminal pyroglutamate of beta-amyloid peptides (pGlu-Abeta) and thus may participate in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-128 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-18 28152602-4 2017 A panel containing two metabolic discriminant features, 4-hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic acid and pyroglutamic acid, differentiated the APE samples from the stable CF samples with 84.6% accuracy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 95-112 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 28152602-5 2017 Pre-APE samples were distinguished from stable CF samples by lactic acid and pyroglutamic acid with 90.5% accuracy and in general matched the APE signature when projected onto the APE vs stable CF model. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-94 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 28905970-3 2017 Three main points of the pyroglutamic acid cycle have undergone chemical modulations pyroglutamides in position 5 (compounds 7a-h), constrained bicyclic analogues of pyrroloimidazoledione type (compounds 1a-h), modulation of the position 3 (compounds 2-5 and 8), and allowed the first SAR in the field. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-42 sarcosine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 285-288 28842175-9 2017 The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of the pyroglutamate levels of NASH versus SS patients was more than those of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, adiponectin and interleukin-8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-81 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 168-179 27434852-4 2017 The present study is an extension of our previous work showing that brain levels of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and TRH-like peptides (X-TRH: pGlu-X-Pro-NH2, where "X" can be any amino acid residue) fluctuate throughout the day-night cycle. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 89-93 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 84-87 27717375-2 2016 Several N-terminal modified Abeta peptides have also been identified in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains, the most common of which is pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE3-42). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 beta amyloid protein precursor-like Drosophila melanogaster 28-33 27717375-2 2016 Several N-terminal modified Abeta peptides have also been identified in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains, the most common of which is pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE3-42). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 beta amyloid protein precursor-like Drosophila melanogaster 156-161 27341998-1 2016 Solute carrier (SLC) 16A1 is a pH-dependent carrier of 5-oxoproline, a derivative of the amino acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-67 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 27341998-10 2016 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibited the SLC16A1-specific transport of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 97-109 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 67-74 27529240-4 2016 Cyclo(His-Pro), a cyclic dipeptide derived from the hydrolytic removal of the amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue of the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, may be important in regulating the nature of the glial cell contribution. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-110 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 139-168 27373633-1 2016 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is an important enzyme that cleaves gamma-glutamyl-amino acid in the gamma-glutamyl cycle to release 5-oxoproline and amino acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 139-151 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-30 26697885-1 2016 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (pE-Abeta) is a highly neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Abeta) isoform and is enriched in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease compared with healthy aged controls. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 40-45 26697885-1 2016 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (pE-Abeta) is a highly neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Abeta) isoform and is enriched in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease compared with healthy aged controls. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 84-89 26697885-2 2016 Pyroglutamate formation increases the rate of Abeta oligomerization and alters the interactions of Abeta with Cu(2+) and lipids; however, a link between these properties and the toxicity of pE-Abeta peptides has not been established. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 46-51 26697885-2 2016 Pyroglutamate formation increases the rate of Abeta oligomerization and alters the interactions of Abeta with Cu(2+) and lipids; however, a link between these properties and the toxicity of pE-Abeta peptides has not been established. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 99-104 26697885-2 2016 Pyroglutamate formation increases the rate of Abeta oligomerization and alters the interactions of Abeta with Cu(2+) and lipids; however, a link between these properties and the toxicity of pE-Abeta peptides has not been established. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 99-104 26697885-7 2016 Pyroglutamate formation was additionally found to increase the relative efficiency of Abeta-dityrosine oligomer formation mediated by copper-redox cycling. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 86-91 26936951-3 2016 Rerefined beta2 integrin structures reveal details including pyroglutamic acid at the beta2 N terminus and bending within the EGF1 domain. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-78 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 26351917-5 2016 An assay of substrate conversion in vivo reveals impaired generation of the pGlu-modified C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, MCP-1) in isoQC-/- mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-80 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 90-112 26351917-5 2016 An assay of substrate conversion in vivo reveals impaired generation of the pGlu-modified C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, MCP-1) in isoQC-/- mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-80 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 114-118 26351917-5 2016 An assay of substrate conversion in vivo reveals impaired generation of the pGlu-modified C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, MCP-1) in isoQC-/- mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-80 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 120-125 26351917-5 2016 An assay of substrate conversion in vivo reveals impaired generation of the pGlu-modified C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, MCP-1) in isoQC-/- mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 76-80 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like Mus musculus 130-135 27490533-4 2016 The first residue of r-Ang is a methionine, with a free amino group, whereas wt-Ang has a glutamic acid, whose amino group spontaneously cyclizes in the pyro-glutamate form. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 153-167 angiogenin Homo sapiens 80-83 27363697-5 2016 One such form, amino-terminally truncated and modified pyroglutamate (pGlu)-3 Abeta peptide appears to play a seminal role for disease initiation, qualifying it as novel target for immunotherapy approaches. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-68 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 78-83 26492838-3 2016 The QPCT gene encodes Glutaminyl cyclase (QC), an enzyme which is involved in the post translational modification by converting N-terminal glutamate of protein to pyroglutamate, which is resistant to protease degradation, more hydrophobic, and prone to aggregation and neurotoxic. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 163-176 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 4-8 27373633-1 2016 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is an important enzyme that cleaves gamma-glutamyl-amino acid in the gamma-glutamyl cycle to release 5-oxoproline and amino acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 139-151 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-36 26639953-10 2016 Autoantibodies against pyroglutamate-modified Abeta, but only a certain subclass, were significantly decreased in AD compared to MCI and age-matched controls, whereas autoantibodies against the unmodified N-terminus of Abeta did not differ. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 46-51 26626428-3 2015 We demonstrate that the antibody NT4X and its Fab fragment reacting with both the free N-terminus of Abeta4-x and pyroglutamate Abeta3-X mitigated neuron loss in Tg4-42 mice expressing Abeta4-42 and completely rescued spatial reference memory deficits after passive immunization. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-127 aspartoacylase (aminoacylase) 3 Mus musculus 128-134 28139633-3 2016 RESULTS: Neurotropic effects of magnesium pyroglutamate are due to an influence on the synthesis of neuropeptides containing pyroglutamate (orexin, thyroliberin, neurotensin etc) and due to the similarity between pyroglutamate-anion with some neuroactive components (L-theanine, 2-pirrolydinone, piracetam). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-55 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Homo sapiens 140-146 28139633-3 2016 RESULTS: Neurotropic effects of magnesium pyroglutamate are due to an influence on the synthesis of neuropeptides containing pyroglutamate (orexin, thyroliberin, neurotensin etc) and due to the similarity between pyroglutamate-anion with some neuroactive components (L-theanine, 2-pirrolydinone, piracetam). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 42-55 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Homo sapiens 140-146 26654818-3 2015 The etiology seems to be a drug-induced reversible inhibition of glutathione synthetase or 5-oxoprolinase leading to elevated serum and urine levels of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 152-164 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 65-87 26453001-0 2015 An anti-pyroglutamate-3 Abeta vaccine reduces plaques and improves cognition in APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 8-21 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 24-29 26453001-1 2015 Pyroglutamate-3 amyloid-beta (pGlu-3 Abeta) is an N-terminally truncated Abeta isoform likely playing a decisive role in Alzheimer"s disease pathogenesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 37-42 26453001-1 2015 Pyroglutamate-3 amyloid-beta (pGlu-3 Abeta) is an N-terminally truncated Abeta isoform likely playing a decisive role in Alzheimer"s disease pathogenesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 73-78 26654818-3 2015 The etiology seems to be a drug-induced reversible inhibition of glutathione synthetase or 5-oxoprolinase leading to elevated serum and urine levels of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 152-164 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 91-105 25666182-3 2015 Two putative substrates of isoQC, N-truncated Abeta peptides and the monocyte chemoattractant chemokine CCL2, undergo isoQC-catalyzed pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 134-147 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 27-32 25716890-6 2015 Biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzymes GGCT2;2 and GGCT2;3 further confirmed that they act specifically to degrade glutathione to yield 5-oxoproline and Cys-Gly peptide and show no significant activity towards gamma-glutamyl cysteine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 162-174 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 65-72 26600248-0 2015 Structural Analysis and Aggregation Propensity of Pyroglutamate Abeta(3-40) in Aqueous Trifluoroethanol. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 50-63 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 64-69 26600248-2 2015 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (pEAbeta) has been described as a major compound of Abeta species in senile plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 46-51 26600248-2 2015 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (pEAbeta) has been described as a major compound of Abeta species in senile plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 55-60 26216015-1 2015 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-like peptides were synthesized by replacing critical histidine and pGlu residues in the native peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 0-29 26216015-1 2015 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-like peptides were synthesized by replacing critical histidine and pGlu residues in the native peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 31-34 25728128-8 2015 The latest generation of specific ligands of the IRR includes an 11 amino acid peptide modeled from the three dimensional structure of the EPO in the region of helix B called pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP; ARA-290). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 175-188 insulin receptor related receptor Homo sapiens 49-52 25728128-8 2015 The latest generation of specific ligands of the IRR includes an 11 amino acid peptide modeled from the three dimensional structure of the EPO in the region of helix B called pyroglutamate helix B surface peptide (pHBSP; ARA-290). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 175-188 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 139-142 25666182-3 2015 Two putative substrates of isoQC, N-truncated Abeta peptides and the monocyte chemoattractant chemokine CCL2, undergo isoQC-catalyzed pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 134-147 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 46-51 25666182-3 2015 Two putative substrates of isoQC, N-truncated Abeta peptides and the monocyte chemoattractant chemokine CCL2, undergo isoQC-catalyzed pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 134-147 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 104-108 25666182-3 2015 Two putative substrates of isoQC, N-truncated Abeta peptides and the monocyte chemoattractant chemokine CCL2, undergo isoQC-catalyzed pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 134-147 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 118-123 25666182-7 2015 Also, in mouse primary astrocyte culture, a simultaneous up-regulation of isoQC and CCL2 expression was revealed upon Abeta and pGlu-Abeta stimulation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 128-132 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like Mus musculus 74-79 25666182-7 2015 Also, in mouse primary astrocyte culture, a simultaneous up-regulation of isoQC and CCL2 expression was revealed upon Abeta and pGlu-Abeta stimulation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 128-132 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 84-88 25666182-7 2015 Also, in mouse primary astrocyte culture, a simultaneous up-regulation of isoQC and CCL2 expression was revealed upon Abeta and pGlu-Abeta stimulation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 128-132 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 133-138 25651484-1 2015 Cancer-related gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) specifically converts gamma-glutamyl amino acids (gamma-Glu-Xaa) into pyroglutamate and the corresponding amino acids (Xaa). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 124-137 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 15-46 25651484-1 2015 Cancer-related gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) specifically converts gamma-glutamyl amino acids (gamma-Glu-Xaa) into pyroglutamate and the corresponding amino acids (Xaa). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 124-137 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 48-52 25371203-0 2015 Functional characterization of 5-oxoproline transport via SLC16A1/MCT1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 31-43 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 58-65 25534025-10 2015 In addition, several post-translational modifications of Abeta have been described that result, for example, in the production of N-terminal truncated Abeta with pyroglutamate modification at position 3 (AbetaN3pE) or of Abeta phosphorylated at serine 8 (pSer8Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 162-175 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 57-62 25534025-10 2015 In addition, several post-translational modifications of Abeta have been described that result, for example, in the production of N-terminal truncated Abeta with pyroglutamate modification at position 3 (AbetaN3pE) or of Abeta phosphorylated at serine 8 (pSer8Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 162-175 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 151-156 25534025-10 2015 In addition, several post-translational modifications of Abeta have been described that result, for example, in the production of N-terminal truncated Abeta with pyroglutamate modification at position 3 (AbetaN3pE) or of Abeta phosphorylated at serine 8 (pSer8Abeta). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 162-175 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 151-156 25556092-3 2015 Structure-activity relationship investigations for this compound class lead to oxo-proline compounds 21 and 22 which combine an impressive CB1 selectivity profile with good pharmacokinetic properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 79-90 cannabinoid receptor 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 25371203-0 2015 Functional characterization of 5-oxoproline transport via SLC16A1/MCT1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 31-43 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 25371203-1 2015 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone is a tripeptide that consists of 5-oxoproline, histidine, and proline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-75 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 0-29 25371203-5 2015 Here we demonstrate the involvement of SLC16A1 in the transport of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 67-79 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 39-46 25371203-8 2015 In this study, the polymorphism caused an observable change in 5-oxoproline and lactate transport via SLC16A1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-75 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 102-109 25371203-13 2015 Based on our findings, we conclude that H(+)-coupled 5-oxoproline transport is mediated solely by SLC16A1 in the cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 53-65 solute carrier family 16 member 1 Homo sapiens 98-105 25547635-1 2015 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (Abeta) at amino acid position three (Abeta(pE3-42)) is gaining considerable attention as a potential key player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 37-42 25448018-6 2015 Pyroglutamic acid inhibited KLK7 (Ki=33mM) and is present in skin moisturizing factor (124mM). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-17 kallikrein related peptidase 7 Homo sapiens 28-32 25495055-2 2015 Pyroglutamic acid dose-dependently stimulated DNA synthesis, and this effect was inhibited by PD98059, a dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) inhibitor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-17 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 165-171 25547635-1 2015 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (Abeta) at amino acid position three (Abeta(pE3-42)) is gaining considerable attention as a potential key player in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 74-79 25547635-6 2015 These results support a major pathological function of pyroglutamate Abeta in AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-68 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 69-74 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 32-37 25182745-0 2015 I716F AbetaPP mutation associates with the deposition of oligomeric pyroglutamate amyloid-beta and alpha-synucleinopathy with Lewy bodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-81 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 6-13 25182745-8 2015 Remarkably, pyroglutamate Abeta oligomers were also present intracellularly in Purkinje cells corresponding to the ataxic phenotype. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 12-25 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 26-31 25182745-11 2015 Finally, we provide evidence for the first time that oligomeric pyroglutamate Abeta is present in a specific pattern correlating with the clinical symptoms of a patient with AbetaPP I716F mutation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 64-77 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 78-83 25182745-11 2015 Finally, we provide evidence for the first time that oligomeric pyroglutamate Abeta is present in a specific pattern correlating with the clinical symptoms of a patient with AbetaPP I716F mutation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 64-77 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 174-181 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 25204716-3 2015 N-terminally truncated forms of Abeta peptides are highly prevalent in neuritic plaques, including Abeta 3-x beginning at Glu eventually modified to pyroglutamate (Abeta N3pE-x), Abeta 2-x, Abeta 4-x, and Abeta 5-x. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-162 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 25261792-4 2014 Deposited ABri exhibits abundant post-translational pyroglutamate (pE) formation at the N-terminus, a feature seen in truncated forms of Abeta found in AD deposits, and co-exists with neurofibrillary tangles almost identical to those found in AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 52-65 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 10-14 25048160-0 2015 Cortical pyroglutamate amyloid-beta levels and cognitive decline in Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 9-22 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 23-35 25048160-2 2015 The relative concentrations of full-length Abeta and truncated, pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (NpE3) forms, and their correlations to cognitive dysfunction in AD, are unknown. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 64-77 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 87-92 25048160-7 2015 Low concentrations of soluble pyroglutamate Abeta across clinical groups likely reflect its rapid sequestration into plaques, thus, the conversion to fibrillar Abeta may be a therapeutic target. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 30-43 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 44-49 25048160-7 2015 Low concentrations of soluble pyroglutamate Abeta across clinical groups likely reflect its rapid sequestration into plaques, thus, the conversion to fibrillar Abeta may be a therapeutic target. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 30-43 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 160-165 25261792-4 2014 Deposited ABri exhibits abundant post-translational pyroglutamate (pE) formation at the N-terminus, a feature seen in truncated forms of Abeta found in AD deposits, and co-exists with neurofibrillary tangles almost identical to those found in AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 67-69 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 10-14 25261792-6 2014 The presence of pE conferred to the ABri molecule enhanced hydrophobicity and accelerated aggregation/fibrillization properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 16-18 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 36-40 24922585-1 2014 Among the family of Abeta peptides, pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE) peptides are particularly associated with cytotoxicity in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-49 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 20-25 24854176-1 2014 This work concerns the successful enantiomeric separation of pyroglutamic acid derivatives, known to be P2X7 receptor antagonists, achieved by electrokinetic chromatography. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-78 purinergic receptor P2X 7 Homo sapiens 104-117 24863253-2 2014 Consequently, caspase-14 deficient epidermis is characterized by reduced levels of NMFs such as urocanic acid and 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-145 caspase 14 Mus musculus 14-24 25404067-1 2014 Using the chain-build-up method based on Empirical Conformational Energies of Peptides Program including solvation, we have computed, the low energy conformations of gonadotrpin-releasing hormone, GnRH, whose sequence is Pyro-Glu(PG)-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 221-229 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 197-201 24922585-1 2014 Among the family of Abeta peptides, pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE) peptides are particularly associated with cytotoxicity in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-49 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-64 24782455-5 2014 In addition, combinations of four types of PTMs, which are methylation, acetylation, oxidation, and pyroglutamate formation, were identified in these ten PRR4 spots. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 parathymosin Homo sapiens 43-47 24776539-6 2014 MS was used to determine that this form of PCSK9 is a product of in vivo cleavage at Arg218 resulting in pyroglutamic acid formation of the nascent N terminus corresponding to Gln219 of intact PCSK9. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 105-122 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 43-48 24776539-6 2014 MS was used to determine that this form of PCSK9 is a product of in vivo cleavage at Arg218 resulting in pyroglutamic acid formation of the nascent N terminus corresponding to Gln219 of intact PCSK9. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 105-122 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 Homo sapiens 193-198 24782455-5 2014 In addition, combinations of four types of PTMs, which are methylation, acetylation, oxidation, and pyroglutamate formation, were identified in these ten PRR4 spots. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 proline rich 4 Homo sapiens 154-158 24061166-5 2014 At day 7, the FLG degradation products urocanic (UCA) and pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) were significantly decreased in FLG- constructs, but the skin surface pH was still physiological owing to an upregulation of NHE-1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-87 filaggrin Homo sapiens 126-129 24061166-5 2014 At day 7, the FLG degradation products urocanic (UCA) and pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) were significantly decreased in FLG- constructs, but the skin surface pH was still physiological owing to an upregulation of NHE-1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 89-92 filaggrin Homo sapiens 126-129 24943989-1 2014 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: N-truncated pyroglutamate (pGlu)-amyloid-beta [Abeta(3-40/42)] peptides are key components that promote Abeta peptide accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-52 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 68-73 24291517-4 2014 Treatment of 5xFAD mice with the glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor, PQ 529, partially prevented the decline of pyramidal cell activity, indicating pyroglutamate-modified forms, potentially mixed oligomers of Abeta are contributing to neuronal impairment. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 142-155 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 203-208 24164736-2 2014 The pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification of Abeta was demonstrated to be catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and to enhance pathogenicity and neurotoxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 41-46 24164736-2 2014 The pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification of Abeta was demonstrated to be catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and to enhance pathogenicity and neurotoxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 94-112 24164736-2 2014 The pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification of Abeta was demonstrated to be catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and to enhance pathogenicity and neurotoxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 19-23 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 41-46 24164736-2 2014 The pyroglutamate (pGlu) modification of Abeta was demonstrated to be catalyzed by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC) and to enhance pathogenicity and neurotoxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 19-23 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 94-112 24164736-10 2014 Elevated pGlu-Abeta load showed a better correlation with the decline in MMSE than elevated concentration of unmodified Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 9-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-19 24595198-0 2014 Brain pyroglutamate amyloid-beta is produced by cathepsin B and is reduced by the cysteine protease inhibitor E64d, representing a potential Alzheimer"s disease therapeutic. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 6-19 cathepsin B Mus musculus 48-59 24595198-1 2014 Pyroglutamate amyloid-beta peptides (pGlu-Abeta) are particularly pernicious forms of amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) present in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 42-47 24595198-1 2014 Pyroglutamate amyloid-beta peptides (pGlu-Abeta) are particularly pernicious forms of amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta) present in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 109-114 24595198-2 2014 pGlu-Abeta peptides are N-terminally truncated forms of full-length Abeta peptides (flAbeta(1-40/42)) in which the N-terminal glutamate is cyclized to pyroglutamate to generate pGlu-Abeta(3-40/42). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 151-164 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 5-10 24595198-2 2014 pGlu-Abeta peptides are N-terminally truncated forms of full-length Abeta peptides (flAbeta(1-40/42)) in which the N-terminal glutamate is cyclized to pyroglutamate to generate pGlu-Abeta(3-40/42). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 151-164 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 68-73 24595198-2 2014 pGlu-Abeta peptides are N-terminally truncated forms of full-length Abeta peptides (flAbeta(1-40/42)) in which the N-terminal glutamate is cyclized to pyroglutamate to generate pGlu-Abeta(3-40/42). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 151-164 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 68-73 24943989-1 2014 BACKGROUND AND AIMS: N-truncated pyroglutamate (pGlu)-amyloid-beta [Abeta(3-40/42)] peptides are key components that promote Abeta peptide accumulation, leading to neurodegeneration and memory loss in Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-52 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 125-130 24214398-5 2013 Heterologous expression of GGCT2;1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae produced phenotypes that were consistent with decreased GSH content attributable to either GSH degradation or the diversion of gamma-glutamyl peptides to produce 5-oxoproline (5-OP). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 225-237 ChaC-like family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-34 24158021-1 2014 BACKGROUND: N-terminally truncated, pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides are major constituents of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-49 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 73-78 23164696-3 2013 RESULTS: Twice-daily injections of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 alone and in combination with (Pro(3))GIP[mPEG] in high-fat-fed mice for 34 days significantly decreased the energy intake throughout the entire study (P<0.05 to P<0.01). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-40 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 46-49 23747948-1 2013 Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, starting with pyroglutamate at the third residue (pyroGlu-3 Abeta), are a major species deposited in the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 45-58 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 0-12 23747948-1 2013 Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, starting with pyroglutamate at the third residue (pyroGlu-3 Abeta), are a major species deposited in the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 45-58 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-19 23747948-1 2013 Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides, starting with pyroglutamate at the third residue (pyroGlu-3 Abeta), are a major species deposited in the brain of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 45-58 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 91-96 23583730-3 2013 METHODS: The current study has examined the in vitro stability, biological activity and in vivo therapeutic applicability of a novel second generation mini-PEGylated form of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG]. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 175-179 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 185-188 23583730-4 2013 RESULTS: (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] was completely resistant to enzymatic degradation and in addition displayed similar insulinotropic (p<0.05 to p<0.001) and satiating effects (p<0.01 to p<0.001) as (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-14 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 20-23 23583730-5 2013 This confirmed the capability of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] to bind to and activate the CCK receptor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 34-38 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 44-47 23583730-5 2013 This confirmed the capability of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] to bind to and activate the CCK receptor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 34-38 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 84-87 23583730-6 2013 Sub-chronic twice daily injection of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] in high fat fed mice for 35days significantly decreased body weight gain (p<0.05), food intake (p<0.01 to p<0.001) and triacylglycerol deposition in liver (p<0.001) and muscle (p<0.001). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 38-42 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 48-51 23583730-7 2013 Furthermore, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] markedly improved intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (p<0.05) and insulin sensitivity (p<0.001). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 24-27 23583730-8 2013 Despite this therapeutic profile, once daily injection of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] in high fat fed mice for 33days, at the same dose, was not associated with alterations in food intake and body weight. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-63 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 69-72 23583730-10 2013 CONCLUSION: These studies emphasise the therapeutic potential of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] and similar molecules. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 76-79 23583730-11 2013 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: A more detailed analysis of the dose and administration schedule employed for (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8[mPEG] could provide a novel and effective compound to treat obesity-diabetes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 111-114 23164696-5 2013 Administration of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, (Pro(3))GIP[mPEG] or a combination of both peptides significantly (P<0.01 to P<0.001) decreased the overall glycaemic excursion in response to both oral and intraperitoneal glucose challenge when compared with the controls. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 19-23 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 29-32 23164696-8 2013 In keeping with this, the estimated insulin sensitivity was restored to control levels by twice-daily treatment with (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, (Pro(3))GIP[mPEG] or a combination of both peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 118-122 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 128-131 23388064-0 2013 Comparison of independent and combined metabolic effects of chronic treatment with (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and long-acting GLP-1 and GIP mimetics in high fat-fed mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 84-88 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 94-97 22477259-0 2013 Intracellular accumulation of aggregated pyroglutamate amyloid beta: convergence of aging and Abeta pathology at the lysosome. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 55-67 23562537-3 2013 Thus the protein, designated Tr-Env-CT (for truncated Env-CT), consists of the C-terminal 139 amino acids (aa) of Env (aa 718-856) with the N-terminal Q718 modified to pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 168-185 endogenous retrovirus group K member 20 Homo sapiens 32-35 23562537-3 2013 Thus the protein, designated Tr-Env-CT (for truncated Env-CT), consists of the C-terminal 139 amino acids (aa) of Env (aa 718-856) with the N-terminal Q718 modified to pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 168-185 endogenous retrovirus group K member 20 Homo sapiens 54-57 23562537-3 2013 Thus the protein, designated Tr-Env-CT (for truncated Env-CT), consists of the C-terminal 139 amino acids (aa) of Env (aa 718-856) with the N-terminal Q718 modified to pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 168-185 endogenous retrovirus group K member 20 Homo sapiens 54-57 23388064-3 2013 METHODS: This study has examined metabolic actions of exendin-4, GIP[mPEG] and a novel CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 as enzymatically stable forms of GLP-1, GIP and CCK, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 87-90 23388064-3 2013 METHODS: This study has examined metabolic actions of exendin-4, GIP[mPEG] and a novel CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 as enzymatically stable forms of GLP-1, GIP and CCK, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 114-117 23388064-3 2013 METHODS: This study has examined metabolic actions of exendin-4, GIP[mPEG] and a novel CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 as enzymatically stable forms of GLP-1, GIP and CCK, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 glucagon Mus musculus 153-158 23388064-3 2013 METHODS: This study has examined metabolic actions of exendin-4, GIP[mPEG] and a novel CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 as enzymatically stable forms of GLP-1, GIP and CCK, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 114-117 23388064-5 2013 Twice daily injection of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 alone and in combination with exendin-4 or GIP[mPEG] in high fat-fed mice significantly decreased accumulated food intake (p < 0.05-p < 0.01), body weight gain (p < 0.05-p < 0.01) and improved (p < 0.05) insulin sensitivity in high fat-fed mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 26-30 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 36-39 23388064-7 2013 Combined treatment of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and exendin-4 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lowered circulating glucose levels and improved (p < 0.05) intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 33-36 23388064-9 2013 A single injection of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, or combined with exendin-4, significantly (p < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels 24 h post injection in untreated high fat-fed mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 33-36 22477259-0 2013 Intracellular accumulation of aggregated pyroglutamate amyloid beta: convergence of aging and Abeta pathology at the lysosome. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 94-99 23462797-2 2013 The present study assessed the biological effects of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and [D-Leu-4]-OB3, smaller isoforms of CCK and leptin, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-58 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 64-67 23462797-5 2013 In agreement, the acute dose-dependent glucose-lowering and insulinotropic actions of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 were significantly enhanced by concurrent administration of [D-Leu-4]-OB3. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 87-91 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 97-100 23462797-8 2013 Combined treatment with (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 and [D-Leu-4]-OB3 resulted in significantly lowered plasma insulin levels, normalisation of circulating LDL-cholesterol and decreased triacylglycerol deposition in muscle. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-29 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 35-38 23462797-10 2013 There were no changes in overall locomotor activity or respiratory exchange ratio, but treatment with (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 significantly reduced (p < 0.001) energy expenditure. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 113-116 23462797-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These studies highlight the potential of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 alone and in combination with [D-Leu-4]-OB3 in the treatment of obesity and diabetes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 70-74 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 80-83 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-82 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 121-123 23315994-0 2013 Beneficial effects of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 on energy intake and metabolism in high fat fed mice are associated with alterations of hypothalamic gene expression. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 33-36 23315994-2 2013 The present study examined the effects of twice daily administration of the N-terminally modified stable CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, on metabolic control and hypothalamic gene expression in high fat fed mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 122-126 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 105-108 23315994-2 2013 The present study examined the effects of twice daily administration of the N-terminally modified stable CCK-8 analogue, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8, on metabolic control and hypothalamic gene expression in high fat fed mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 122-126 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 132-135 23315994-4 2013 Furthermore, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 markedly improved glucose tolerance (p<0.05) and insulin sensitivity (p<0.05). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 24-27 23315994-7 2013 These studies underscore the potential of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 for the treatment of obesity-diabetes and suggest modulation of NPY and melanocortin related pathways may be involved in the observed beneficial effects. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-47 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 53-56 23560443-3 2013 Catalysis by isoQC leads to the formation of an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue protecting CCL2 against degradation by aminopeptidases. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-72 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like Mus musculus 13-18 23560443-3 2013 Catalysis by isoQC leads to the formation of an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue protecting CCL2 against degradation by aminopeptidases. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-72 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 92-96 23357233-2 2013 An alternative approach of using glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase to convert the N-terminal glutamine to pyroglutamate was developed in the current study. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 108-121 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 33-68 23261769-8 2013 These similarities of ABri and ADan to Abeta in Alzheimer"s disease suggest that the posttranslational pGlu-modification of amyloid peptides might represent a general pathological mechanism leading to increased aggregation and toxicity in these forms of degenerative dementias. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 22-26 22392342-1 2013 The resonance assignment of an amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid containing peptide derived from the E6 protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 51 in complex with PDZ domain 2 of hDlg/SAP-97 is reported. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 46-63 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-82 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 125-129 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-82 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 151-156 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-82 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 158-163 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 121-123 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 125-129 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 151-156 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 158-163 23183267-3 2013 Recently, we showed that the N-terminus of CCL2 is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE)-residue by both glutaminyl cyclases (QC (QPCT)) and its isoenzyme (isoQC (QPCTL)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-82 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 23055535-3 2013 Twice-daily injection of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 for 28 days resulted in significantly lowered body weights (P<0.05) on days 24 and 28, which was associated with decreased accumulated calorie intake (P<0.01) from day 12 onward. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 26-30 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 36-39 23283728-6 2013 We present here the detection of in-source and in-solution formation of succinimide and pyroglutamate in the protein granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 88-101 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 117-154 23184956-0 2013 Pyroglutamate and O-linked glycan determine functional production of anti-IL17A and anti-IL22 peptide-antibody bispecific genetic fusions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 74-79 23184956-0 2013 Pyroglutamate and O-linked glycan determine functional production of anti-IL17A and anti-IL22 peptide-antibody bispecific genetic fusions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 interleukin 22 Homo sapiens 89-93 23184956-5 2013 When a glutamine residue was introduced at the N terminus, which can be cyclized to form pyroglutamate in mammalian cells, the IL17A neutralization activity of the fusion protein was restored. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 89-102 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 127-132 23055535-6 2013 However, following a 15-min refeeding period in 18-h fasted mice, glucose levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 despite similar food intake and nutrient-induced insulin levels. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 126-130 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 136-139 23055535-7 2013 Insulin sensitivity in (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8-treated mice was significantly (P<0.01) improved compared with controls. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 24-28 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 34-37 24058724-2 2013 We report here novel and metabolically stable analogs that we derived from TRH by replacing its amino-terminal pyroglutamyl (pGlu) residue with pyridinium-containing moieties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 125-129 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 75-78 22120669-1 2013 gamma-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase (gGACT) catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of a variety of L-gamma-glutamylamines producing 5-oxo-L-proline and free amines. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-150 gamma-glutamylaminecyclotransferase Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-36 22120669-1 2013 gamma-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase (gGACT) catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of a variety of L-gamma-glutamylamines producing 5-oxo-L-proline and free amines. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-150 gamma-glutamylaminecyclotransferase Oryctolagus cuniculus 38-43 23481684-0 2013 Oligomeric pyroglutamate amyloid-beta is present in microglia and a subfraction of vessels in patients with Alzheimer"s disease: implications for immunotherapy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 11-24 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 25-37 23481684-1 2013 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) starting at position 3 (AbetapE3) represents a major fraction of Abeta peptides in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 37-49 23481684-1 2013 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) starting at position 3 (AbetapE3) represents a major fraction of Abeta peptides in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 51-56 23481684-1 2013 N-terminally truncated pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta) starting at position 3 (AbetapE3) represents a major fraction of Abeta peptides in Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 82-87 24145076-5 2013 TRH analogue 8, metabolically stabilized by the replacement of pyroglutamate with the pyrohomocysteic acid (pHcs), was found to be inactive. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-76 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 24058724-4 2013 On the other hand, the loss of potency compared to TRH in a model testing antidepressant-like effect with a simultaneous preservation of analeptic activity has been observed, when pGlu was replaced with trigonelloyl residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 180-184 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 51-54 22329512-9 2012 The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and PDX-1 in pancreas were up-regulated, but Bax, iNOS and Casp-3 down-regulated in Gl- PS and metformin groups compared to diabetic control group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-120 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 24-29 22814764-3 2012 METHODS: The biological actions of (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 were comprehensively evaluated in pancreatic clonal BRIN BD11 cells and in vivo in high-fat-fed and ob/ob mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-40 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 46-49 22814764-4 2012 RESULTS: (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 was completely resistant to enzymatic degradation and its satiating effects were significantly (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) more potent than CCK-8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-14 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 20-23 22814764-4 2012 RESULTS: (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 was completely resistant to enzymatic degradation and its satiating effects were significantly (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) more potent than CCK-8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-14 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 168-171 22814764-5 2012 In BRIN-BD11 cells, (pGlu-Gln)-CCK-8 exhibited enhanced (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001) insulinotropic actions compared with CCK-8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 21-25 cholecystokinin Mus musculus 31-34 23001756-0 2012 Structural analysis of the pyroglutamate-modified isoform of the Alzheimer"s disease-related amyloid-beta using NMR spectroscopy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 93-105 22329512-9 2012 The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and PDX-1 in pancreas were up-regulated, but Bax, iNOS and Casp-3 down-regulated in Gl- PS and metformin groups compared to diabetic control group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-120 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 75-78 22329512-9 2012 The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and PDX-1 in pancreas were up-regulated, but Bax, iNOS and Casp-3 down-regulated in Gl- PS and metformin groups compared to diabetic control group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-120 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 22329512-9 2012 The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 and PDX-1 in pancreas were up-regulated, but Bax, iNOS and Casp-3 down-regulated in Gl- PS and metformin groups compared to diabetic control group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-120 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 89-95 22001377-1 2012 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is a component of the gamma-glutamyl cycle and specifically cleaves gamma-glutamyl-amino acid dipeptides to release the free amino acid and 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-190 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-30 21812836-10 2012 The concomittant presence of low concentrations of histidine, alanine and either glycine or pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) in the SC was associated with FLG mutations with 92% specificity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 92-121 filaggrin Homo sapiens 158-161 21812836-10 2012 The concomittant presence of low concentrations of histidine, alanine and either glycine or pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) in the SC was associated with FLG mutations with 92% specificity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-126 filaggrin Homo sapiens 158-161 22285483-0 2012 New peptide pENW (pGlu-Asn-Trp) inhibits platelet activation by attenuating Akt phosphorylation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 18-22 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 22267726-0 2012 Pyroglutamate amyloid beta (Abeta) aggravates behavioral deficits in transgenic amyloid mouse model for Alzheimer disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 28-33 22267726-1 2012 Pyroglutamate-modified Abeta peptides at amino acid position three (Abeta(pE3-42)) are gaining considerable attention as potential key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 23-28 22267726-1 2012 Pyroglutamate-modified Abeta peptides at amino acid position three (Abeta(pE3-42)) are gaining considerable attention as potential key players in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 68-73 22060158-1 2012 QC (glutaminyl cyclase) catalyses the formation of N-terminal pGlu (pyroglutamate) in peptides and proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 62-66 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 4-22 22060158-1 2012 QC (glutaminyl cyclase) catalyses the formation of N-terminal pGlu (pyroglutamate) in peptides and proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-81 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 4-22 22060158-5 2012 We demonstrated in vitro the pGlu formation on MCPs by QC using MS. A potent QC inhibitor, PBD150, significantly reduced the N-terminal uncyclized-MCP-stimulated monocyte migration, whereas pGlu-containing MCP-induced cell migration was unaffected. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 29-33 CD46 molecule Homo sapiens 47-50 22060158-5 2012 We demonstrated in vitro the pGlu formation on MCPs by QC using MS. A potent QC inhibitor, PBD150, significantly reduced the N-terminal uncyclized-MCP-stimulated monocyte migration, whereas pGlu-containing MCP-induced cell migration was unaffected. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 29-33 CD46 molecule Homo sapiens 147-150 22060158-5 2012 We demonstrated in vitro the pGlu formation on MCPs by QC using MS. A potent QC inhibitor, PBD150, significantly reduced the N-terminal uncyclized-MCP-stimulated monocyte migration, whereas pGlu-containing MCP-induced cell migration was unaffected. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 190-194 CD46 molecule Homo sapiens 47-50 22264771-9 2012 Among the metabolites that contributed most to the CSF signature were arginine, lysine, ornithine, serine, threonine and pyroglutamic acid, all found to be reduced in patients carrying a D90A SOD1 mutation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 121-138 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 22001377-1 2012 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase (GGCT) is a component of the gamma-glutamyl cycle and specifically cleaves gamma-glutamyl-amino acid dipeptides to release the free amino acid and 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-190 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 32-36 22001377-2 2012 The action of GGCT in glutathione synthetase-deficient patients results in the accumulation of high levels of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 110-122 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 14-18 22001577-1 2011 N-terminal truncated amyloid beta (Abeta) derivatives, especially the forms having pyroglutamate at the 3 position (AbetapE3) or at the 11 position (AbetapE11) have become the topic of considerable study. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-96 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 21-33 22064070-2 2012 Among them, recent studies indicate that the pyroglutamate modification of Abeta (pE(3)Abeta) catalyzed by glutaminyl cyclase might play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 45-58 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 75-92 22232007-0 2012 Antibody 9D5 recognizes oligomeric pyroglutamate amyloid-beta in a fraction of amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer"s disease without cross-reactivity with other protein aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-48 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 49-61 22232007-0 2012 Antibody 9D5 recognizes oligomeric pyroglutamate amyloid-beta in a fraction of amyloid-beta deposits in Alzheimer"s disease without cross-reactivity with other protein aggregates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-48 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 79-91 21965666-0 2011 Pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta): a hatchet man in Alzheimer disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-26 22001577-1 2011 N-terminal truncated amyloid beta (Abeta) derivatives, especially the forms having pyroglutamate at the 3 position (AbetapE3) or at the 11 position (AbetapE11) have become the topic of considerable study. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-96 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-40 21965666-0 2011 Pyroglutamate amyloid-beta (Abeta): a hatchet man in Alzheimer disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 28-33 21774078-3 2011 Among those, the N-terminus of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2 and MCP-1) is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE-) residue protecting against degradation in vivo. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 67-71 21965666-1 2011 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (Abeta(pE3)) peptides are gaining considerable attention as potential key participants in the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) due to their abundance in AD brain, high aggregation propensity, stability, and cellular toxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 23-35 21965666-1 2011 Pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta (Abeta(pE3)) peptides are gaining considerable attention as potential key participants in the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) due to their abundance in AD brain, high aggregation propensity, stability, and cellular toxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 37-42 21654840-7 2011 Consequently, we show that the defective FLG degradation in caspase-14-deficient skin results in substantial reduction in the amount of NMFs, such as urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 168-195 filaggrin Mus musculus 41-44 21654840-7 2011 Consequently, we show that the defective FLG degradation in caspase-14-deficient skin results in substantial reduction in the amount of NMFs, such as urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 168-195 caspase 14 Mus musculus 60-70 21795681-2 2011 Using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified the Abeta peptides Abeta(1-40), -(1-42), -(1-39), -(1-38), -(1-37), -(2-40), and -(3-40) as well as minor amounts of pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (Abeta(N3pE)) and endogenous murine Abeta in brains from 24-month-old mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 222-235 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 109-114 21795681-2 2011 Using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified the Abeta peptides Abeta(1-40), -(1-42), -(1-39), -(1-38), -(1-37), -(2-40), and -(3-40) as well as minor amounts of pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (Abeta(N3pE)) and endogenous murine Abeta in brains from 24-month-old mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 222-235 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 124-129 21795681-2 2011 Using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoblotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified the Abeta peptides Abeta(1-40), -(1-42), -(1-39), -(1-38), -(1-37), -(2-40), and -(3-40) as well as minor amounts of pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (Abeta(N3pE)) and endogenous murine Abeta in brains from 24-month-old mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 222-235 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 124-129 21900558-0 2011 Selective hippocampal neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing small amounts of truncated Abeta is induced by pyroglutamate-Abeta formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 117-130 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 97-102 21900558-0 2011 Selective hippocampal neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing small amounts of truncated Abeta is induced by pyroglutamate-Abeta formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 117-130 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 131-136 21774078-3 2011 Among those, the N-terminus of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2 and MCP-1) is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE-) residue protecting against degradation in vivo. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 31-65 21774078-3 2011 Among those, the N-terminus of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2 and MCP-1) is modified to a pyroglutamate (pE-) residue protecting against degradation in vivo. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 76-81 21787313-3 2011 N-terminally truncated AbetapE3 (Abeta starting with pyroglutamate at position 3) represents a major fraction of all Abeta peptides in the brain of AD patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 53-66 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 23-28 21787313-3 2011 N-terminally truncated AbetapE3 (Abeta starting with pyroglutamate at position 3) represents a major fraction of all Abeta peptides in the brain of AD patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 53-66 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 33-38 21209855-4 2010 In particular, Abeta in plaques contain a significant amount of truncated pyroglutamate species, which appear to correlate with disease progression. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 74-87 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 15-20 21261659-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Filaggrin, coded by FLG, is the main source of several major components of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the stratum corneum (SC), including pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) and urocanic acid (UCA). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 160-187 filaggrin Homo sapiens 32-35 21261659-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Filaggrin, coded by FLG, is the main source of several major components of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the stratum corneum (SC), including pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA) and urocanic acid (UCA). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 189-192 filaggrin Homo sapiens 32-35 21301857-0 2011 Glutaminyl cyclase contributes to the formation of focal and diffuse pyroglutamate (pGlu)-Abeta deposits in hippocampus via distinct cellular mechanisms. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-82 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 90-95 21301857-2 2011 Recently, pyroglutamate (pGlu or pE)-modified Abeta peptides were identified as a highly pathogenic and seeding Abeta peptide species. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-23 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 46-51 21301857-2 2011 Recently, pyroglutamate (pGlu or pE)-modified Abeta peptides were identified as a highly pathogenic and seeding Abeta peptide species. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 10-23 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 112-117 21148560-0 2011 Overexpression of glutaminyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for pyroglutamate A{beta} formation, induces behavioral deficits, and glutaminyl cyclase knock-out rescues the behavioral phenotype in 5XFAD mice. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-78 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (glutaminyl cyclase) Mus musculus 18-36 21148560-1 2011 Pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE3-42) peptides are gaining considerable attention as potential key players in the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) due to their abundance in AD brain, high aggregation propensity, stability, and cellular toxicity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 23-28 21301857-0 2011 Glutaminyl cyclase contributes to the formation of focal and diffuse pyroglutamate (pGlu)-Abeta deposits in hippocampus via distinct cellular mechanisms. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-82 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (glutaminyl cyclase) Mus musculus 0-18 20833262-3 2010 Whilst Abeta is often abundant in the brains of cognitively normal elderly people, the brains of AD patients are highly enriched for N-terminally truncated Abeta bearing the pyroglutamate modification. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 174-187 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 156-161 20864186-2 2010 In the present study we have focused on N-truncated/modified Abeta peptide bearing amino-terminal pyroglutamate at position 11 (AbetaN11(pE)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 98-111 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 61-66 20561680-7 2010 The slower degradation rate in plasma as compared to buffer is consistent with the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase and/or glutaminyl cyclase (QC), which have been shown to suppress pyroglutamic acid formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 219-236 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 122-152 20561680-7 2010 The slower degradation rate in plasma as compared to buffer is consistent with the presence of gamma-glutamyltransferase, gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase and/or glutaminyl cyclase (QC), which have been shown to suppress pyroglutamic acid formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 219-236 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (glutaminyl cyclase) Mus musculus 160-178 21037969-0 2010 PYROGLUTAMATE FORMATION AT THE N-TERMINI OF ABRI MOLECULES IN FAMILIAL BRITISH DEMENTIA IS NOT RESTRICTED TO THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 44-48 20383514-1 2010 Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) was discovered recently as the enzyme catalyzing the pyroglutamate (pGlu or pE) modification of N-terminally truncated Alzheimer"s disease (AD) Abeta peptides in vivo. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-90 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-18 20383514-1 2010 Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) was discovered recently as the enzyme catalyzing the pyroglutamate (pGlu or pE) modification of N-terminally truncated Alzheimer"s disease (AD) Abeta peptides in vivo. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-90 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 168-173 21037969-4 2010 Soluble ABri molecules present in the circulation of carriers of the BRI2 mutation are 34 amino acids long exclusively harboring Glu residue at the N-termini (ABri1-34E), whereas water- and formic acid-soluble ABri molecules extracted from FBD brains have abundant ABri species bearing pGlu residue (ABri1-34pE), suggesting that pyroglutamate formation occurs at the site of deposition. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 329-342 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 8-12 21037969-7 2010 The data indicate that pyroglutamate formation at the N-termini of ABri molecules is an early step in the process of FBD amyloid deposition, and its formation is not restricted to the central nervous system. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-36 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 67-71 20211600-0 2010 Sodium-coupled electrogenic transport of pyroglutamate (5-oxoproline) via SLC5A8, a monocarboxylate transporter. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 74-80 20402795-2 2010 The yeast 5-oxoprolinase activity was demonstrated in vivo by utilization of 5-oxoproline as a source of glutamate and OTC, a 5-oxoproline sulfur analogue, as a source of sulfur in cells overexpressing OXP1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-89 5-oxoprolinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 10-24 20402795-2 2010 The yeast 5-oxoprolinase activity was demonstrated in vivo by utilization of 5-oxoproline as a source of glutamate and OTC, a 5-oxoproline sulfur analogue, as a source of sulfur in cells overexpressing OXP1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-89 5-oxoprolinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 202-206 20211600-0 2010 Sodium-coupled electrogenic transport of pyroglutamate (5-oxoproline) via SLC5A8, a monocarboxylate transporter. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-68 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 74-80 20211600-5 2010 Expression of cloned human and mouse SLC5A8 in mammalian cells induces Na(+)-dependent transport of pyroglutamate that is inhibitable by various SLC5A8 substrates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), member 8 Mus musculus 37-43 20211600-5 2010 Expression of cloned human and mouse SLC5A8 in mammalian cells induces Na(+)-dependent transport of pyroglutamate that is inhibitable by various SLC5A8 substrates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-113 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 145-151 20211600-6 2010 SLC5A8-mediated transport of pyroglutamate is saturable with a Michaelis constant of 0.36+/-0.04mM. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 29-42 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 0-6 20211600-8 2010 Expression of SLC5A8 in Xenopuslaevis oocytes induces Na(+)-dependent inward currents in the presence of pyroglutamate under voltage-clamp conditions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 105-118 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 14-20 20211600-11 2010 Ibuprofen, a blocker of SLC5A8, suppressed pyroglutamate-induced currents in SLC5A8-expressing oocytes; the concentration of the blocker necessary for causing half-maximal inhibition is 14+/-1microM. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-56 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 24-30 20211600-11 2010 Ibuprofen, a blocker of SLC5A8, suppressed pyroglutamate-induced currents in SLC5A8-expressing oocytes; the concentration of the blocker necessary for causing half-maximal inhibition is 14+/-1microM. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-56 solute carrier family 5 member 8 Homo sapiens 77-83 20211600-12 2010 The involvement of SLC5A8 can be demonstrated in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles by showing that the Na(+)-dependent uptake of pyroglutamate in these vesicles is inhibitable by known substrates of SLC5A8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 139-152 sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 19-25 20211600-12 2010 The involvement of SLC5A8 can be demonstrated in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles by showing that the Na(+)-dependent uptake of pyroglutamate in these vesicles is inhibitable by known substrates of SLC5A8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 139-152 sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 209-215 20188155-1 2010 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2)) and the structurally related [Glu(2)]TRH (pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2)) are endogenous peptides with a plethora of actions in the central nervous system. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-40 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 0-29 19526311-5 2010 Furthermore, the MS/MS fragmentation pattern of TRH has been investigated to develop a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method that allows the detection of a specific b2 product ion at m/z 249.1, corresponding to the N-terminus dipeptide pyroglutamic acid-histidine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 240-257 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 48-51 20413906-4 2010 The enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in the absence of cysteine, forms 5-oxoproline (instead of the normal substrate, gamma-glutamyl cysteine) and the 5-oxoproline is converted into glutamate by the ATP-dependant enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 11-45 20110353-1 2010 Gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase (GGACT) is an enzyme that converts gamma-glutamylamines to free amines and 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 112-124 gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-36 20110353-1 2010 Gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase (GGACT) is an enzyme that converts gamma-glutamylamines to free amines and 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 112-124 gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 38-43 20110353-7 2010 The structure of GGACT in complex with the reaction product 5-oxoproline provides evidence for a common catalytic mechanism in both enzymes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-72 gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 17-22 20413906-4 2010 The enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in the absence of cysteine, forms 5-oxoproline (instead of the normal substrate, gamma-glutamyl cysteine) and the 5-oxoproline is converted into glutamate by the ATP-dependant enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-105 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-56 20413906-4 2010 The enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in the absence of cysteine, forms 5-oxoproline (instead of the normal substrate, gamma-glutamyl cysteine) and the 5-oxoproline is converted into glutamate by the ATP-dependant enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-105 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 243-257 20413906-4 2010 The enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in the absence of cysteine, forms 5-oxoproline (instead of the normal substrate, gamma-glutamyl cysteine) and the 5-oxoproline is converted into glutamate by the ATP-dependant enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 173-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 11-45 20413906-4 2010 The enzyme gamma-glutamyl cysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS), in the absence of cysteine, forms 5-oxoproline (instead of the normal substrate, gamma-glutamyl cysteine) and the 5-oxoproline is converted into glutamate by the ATP-dependant enzyme, 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 173-185 glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 47-56 20476553-4 2010 [pGlu]apelin-13 was administered into the rats of apelin groups by mini-osmotic pump subcutaneously. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 1-5 apelin Rattus norvegicus 6-12 19823761-0 2010 Pyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer"s disease cases. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 presenilin 1 Mus musculus 37-40 19823761-1 2010 The presence of Abeta(pE3) (N-terminal truncated Abeta starting with pyroglutamate) in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) has received considerable attention since the discovery that this peptide represents a dominant fraction of Abeta peptides in senile plaques of AD brains. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-82 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 16-26 19847369-3 2009 [pGlu]apelin-13 (10 nmol/kg per day, 28 d) was administered subcutaneously by osmotic mini-pump before hypoxia treatment in HA group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 1-5 apelin Rattus norvegicus 6-12 19804409-13 2009 The functions of QCs and isoQC probably complement each other, suggesting a pivotal role of pyroglutamate modification for protein and peptide maturation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 92-105 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase like Homo sapiens 25-30 19547991-2 2009 N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamate modified Abeta starting at position 3 and ending with amino acid 42 [Abeta(3(pE)-42)] have been previously shown to represent a major species in the brain of AD patients. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-40 histocompatibility 2, P region beta locus Mus musculus 110-124 18836460-0 2008 Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition attenuates pyroglutamate Abeta and Alzheimer"s disease-like pathology. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase (glutaminyl cyclase) Mus musculus 0-18 20641937-2 2004 Bombesin (BN) is an amphibian neuropeptide consisting of 14 amino acids (pGlu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) (2, 3), first isolated from frog skin in 1970 (4). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 73-77 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 0-8 19545911-0 2009 Immunodominant epitope and properties of pyroglutamate-modified Abeta-specific antibodies produced in rabbits. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 64-69 19545911-3 2009 In the present study we further investigated the mechanisms of toxicity of one of the most abundant N-truncated/modified Abeta peptide bearing amino-terminal pyroglutamate at position 3 (AbetaN3(pE)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 158-171 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 121-126 18768907-4 2008 In Arabidopsis, the oxoprolinase knockout mutants (oxp1-1 and oxp1-2) accumulate more 5-oxoproline (5OP) and less Glu than wild-type plants, suggesting substantial metabolite flux though 5OP and that 5OP is a major contributor to Glu steady-state levels. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 86-98 oxoprolinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-68 18768907-4 2008 In Arabidopsis, the oxoprolinase knockout mutants (oxp1-1 and oxp1-2) accumulate more 5-oxoproline (5OP) and less Glu than wild-type plants, suggesting substantial metabolite flux though 5OP and that 5OP is a major contributor to Glu steady-state levels. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-103 oxoprolinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-68 18768907-4 2008 In Arabidopsis, the oxoprolinase knockout mutants (oxp1-1 and oxp1-2) accumulate more 5-oxoproline (5OP) and less Glu than wild-type plants, suggesting substantial metabolite flux though 5OP and that 5OP is a major contributor to Glu steady-state levels. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 187-190 oxoprolinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-68 18768907-4 2008 In Arabidopsis, the oxoprolinase knockout mutants (oxp1-1 and oxp1-2) accumulate more 5-oxoproline (5OP) and less Glu than wild-type plants, suggesting substantial metabolite flux though 5OP and that 5OP is a major contributor to Glu steady-state levels. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 187-190 oxoprolinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 51-68 19518051-1 2009 N-Terminally truncated and pyroglutamate (pGlu) modified amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides are major constituents of amyloid deposits in sporadic and inherited Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 57-69 19518051-1 2009 N-Terminally truncated and pyroglutamate (pGlu) modified amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides are major constituents of amyloid deposits in sporadic and inherited Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 71-76 19518051-3 2009 Similarly, the deposited amyloid peptides ABri and ADan, which cause a very similar histopathology in familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD), are N-terminally blocked by pGlu. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 198-202 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 42-46 19518051-9 2009 The effect of pGlu on the morphology is virtually indistinguishable between ABri, ADan, and Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 integral membrane protein 2B Homo sapiens 76-80 19518051-9 2009 The effect of pGlu on the morphology is virtually indistinguishable between ABri, ADan, and Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 92-97 18927217-3 2009 We found that its amino acid sequence (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH(2)) was identical to that of mammalian GnRH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 39-43 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 18836460-0 2008 Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition attenuates pyroglutamate Abeta and Alzheimer"s disease-like pathology. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 41-54 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 55-60 18836460-1 2008 Because of their abundance, resistance to proteolysis, rapid aggregation and neurotoxicity, N-terminally truncated and, in particular, pyroglutamate (pE)-modified Abeta peptides have been suggested as being important in the initiation of pathological cascades resulting in the development of Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-148 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 163-168 18836460-1 2008 Because of their abundance, resistance to proteolysis, rapid aggregation and neurotoxicity, N-terminally truncated and, in particular, pyroglutamate (pE)-modified Abeta peptides have been suggested as being important in the initiation of pathological cascades resulting in the development of Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 150-152 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 163-168 18979625-7 2008 The third group addressed isoaspartate and pyroglutamate (pGlu) posttranslational modifications of Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-56 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 18979625-7 2008 The third group addressed isoaspartate and pyroglutamate (pGlu) posttranslational modifications of Abeta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-62 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 99-104 18227435-5 2008 Our findings are as follows: (1) the N-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is pyroglutamic acid; (2) the Ser residue at the sixth position of P16 is phosphorylated; (3) P17 is O-glycosylated at Thr10; and (4) the C-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is truncated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-94 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 62-65 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-113 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 30-61 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-113 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 63-67 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-132 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 30-61 18515354-3 2008 We have identified C7orf24 as gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase (GGCT) that catalyzes the formation of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides and potentially plays a significant role in glutathione homeostasis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-132 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 63-67 18339322-3 2008 The peptide pyro glutamic acid (pGlu)-Arg-Glu-Arg-Tyr-NH2 (pERERY-NH(2)) shares the same binding site with SRSRY and competes with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) for binding to the G-protein-coupled N-formyl-peptide receptor (FPR). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 12-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 196-221 18339322-3 2008 The peptide pyro glutamic acid (pGlu)-Arg-Glu-Arg-Tyr-NH2 (pERERY-NH(2)) shares the same binding site with SRSRY and competes with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) for binding to the G-protein-coupled N-formyl-peptide receptor (FPR). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 12-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 223-226 18339322-3 2008 The peptide pyro glutamic acid (pGlu)-Arg-Glu-Arg-Tyr-NH2 (pERERY-NH(2)) shares the same binding site with SRSRY and competes with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) for binding to the G-protein-coupled N-formyl-peptide receptor (FPR). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-36 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 196-221 18339322-3 2008 The peptide pyro glutamic acid (pGlu)-Arg-Glu-Arg-Tyr-NH2 (pERERY-NH(2)) shares the same binding site with SRSRY and competes with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) for binding to the G-protein-coupled N-formyl-peptide receptor (FPR). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-36 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 223-226 18227435-5 2008 Our findings are as follows: (1) the N-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is pyroglutamic acid; (2) the Ser residue at the sixth position of P16 is phosphorylated; (3) P17 is O-glycosylated at Thr10; and (4) the C-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is truncated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-94 family with sequence similarity 72 member B Homo sapiens 168-171 18570439-0 2008 Amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein: evidence of a pivotal role of glutaminyl cyclase in generation of pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 121-134 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 28-53 18570439-0 2008 Amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor protein: evidence of a pivotal role of glutaminyl cyclase in generation of pyroglutamate-modified amyloid-beta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 121-134 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 144-156 18570439-2 2008 Posttranslational formation of pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) at position 3 or 11 of Abeta implies cyclization of an N-terminal glutamate residue rendering the modified peptide degradation resistant, more hydrophobic, and prone to aggregation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 31-48 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 79-84 18570439-2 2008 Posttranslational formation of pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) at position 3 or 11 of Abeta implies cyclization of an N-terminal glutamate residue rendering the modified peptide degradation resistant, more hydrophobic, and prone to aggregation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 50-54 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 79-84 18187042-9 2008 The conversion of Gln to pGlu could be attributed to the activity of the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-29 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 80-98 18227435-5 2008 Our findings are as follows: (1) the N-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is pyroglutamic acid; (2) the Ser residue at the sixth position of P16 is phosphorylated; (3) P17 is O-glycosylated at Thr10; and (4) the C-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is truncated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-94 family with sequence similarity 72 member B Homo sapiens 70-73 18227435-5 2008 Our findings are as follows: (1) the N-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is pyroglutamic acid; (2) the Ser residue at the sixth position of P16 is phosphorylated; (3) P17 is O-glycosylated at Thr10; and (4) the C-terminal amino acid of P16 and P17 is truncated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-94 family with sequence similarity 72 member B Homo sapiens 168-171 18069127-0 2008 A novel TRH analog, Glp-Asn-Pro-D-Tyr-D-TrpNH2, binds to [3H][3-Me-His2]TRH-labelled sites in rat hippocampus and cortex but not pituitary or heterologous cells expressing TRHR1 or TRHR2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-23 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 8-11 18069127-0 2008 A novel TRH analog, Glp-Asn-Pro-D-Tyr-D-TrpNH2, binds to [3H][3-Me-His2]TRH-labelled sites in rat hippocampus and cortex but not pituitary or heterologous cells expressing TRHR1 or TRHR2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-23 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 72-75 18069127-0 2008 A novel TRH analog, Glp-Asn-Pro-D-Tyr-D-TrpNH2, binds to [3H][3-Me-His2]TRH-labelled sites in rat hippocampus and cortex but not pituitary or heterologous cells expressing TRHR1 or TRHR2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 20-23 motilin receptor Rattus norvegicus 181-186 18354249-2 2008 We, and others, have previously reported that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2)) and TRH-like peptides with the general structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH(2), where "X" can be any amino acid residue, have neuroprotective, antidepressant, analeptic, arousal, and anti-epileptic effects that could mediate the neuropsychiatric and therapeutic effects of a variety of neurotropic agents. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 82-86 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 46-75 17234338-1 2007 Local perfusion of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2, an endogenous peptide structurally related to thyrotropine-releasing hormone (TRH), via in vivo microdialysis into the rat hippocampus did not change the basal level of extracellular acetylcholine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 19-23 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 115-118 17499643-1 2007 A conformationally constrained peptidomimetic derived from the endocrine and neuroactive tripeptide thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2)) was synthesized by convenient solid-phase organic chemistry and evaluated as a potential central nervous system agent. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 131-135 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 100-129 17640657-4 2007 A reversed-phase LC-MS method was developed that provides efficient separation of subdomains (light and heavy chains, Fab and Fc) containing several specific modifications such as pyroglutamic acid, deamidation, isomerization and oxidation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 180-197 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 118-121 18072147-7 2007 DISCUSSION: Originally described in children with an inherited defect of glutathione synthetase, 5-oxoproline is an unusual cause of metabolic acidosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 97-109 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 73-95 17234338-2 2007 However, co-perfusion of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 with TRH in equimolar concentrations yielded a significant attenuation of TRH-induced acetylcholine release. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-29 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 47-50 17234338-2 2007 However, co-perfusion of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 with TRH in equimolar concentrations yielded a significant attenuation of TRH-induced acetylcholine release. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-29 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 116-119 17234338-3 2007 The results have supported the study"s hypothesis that pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 opposes the cholinergic effect of TRH in the mammalian central nervous system. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-59 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 106-109 17119851-9 2007 Kinetic studies using the peptides pGlu-His-Pro-NH(2) (TRH), pGlu-Ala and pGlu-Val revealed K (i) values of 44.1, 141 and 652.17 microM, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-39 thyrotropin releasing hormone Bos taurus 55-58 17077276-9 2007 Urinary loss of cys-gly together with lower concentrations of cysteine, glycine, and oxoproline in kidney tissue and altered expression of mRNA and proteins involved in glutathione (GSH) metabolism suggests that PEPT2 is predominantly a system for reabsorption of cys-gly originating from GSH break-down, thus contributing to resynthesis of GSH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 85-95 solute carrier family 15 (H+/peptide transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 212-217 17035026-0 2007 Modifications of the pyroglutamic acid and histidine residues in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) yield analogs with selectivity for TRH receptor type 2 over type 1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 21-38 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 65-94 17035026-0 2007 Modifications of the pyroglutamic acid and histidine residues in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) yield analogs with selectivity for TRH receptor type 2 over type 1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 21-38 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 96-99 17035026-0 2007 Modifications of the pyroglutamic acid and histidine residues in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) yield analogs with selectivity for TRH receptor type 2 over type 1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 21-38 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 136-139 17035026-3 2007 For example, the most selective agonist of the series 13, in which pGlu is replaced with the pAad and histidine residue is substituted at the N-1 position with an isopropyl group, was found to activate TRH-R2 with a potency (EC(50)=1.9microM) but did not activate TRH-R1 (potency>100 microM); that is, exhibited >51-fold greater selectivity for TRH-R2 versus TRH-R1. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 67-71 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 202-205 17726229-1 2007 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a proinflammatory and depressogenic agent whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is an endogenous antidepressant and neuroprotective peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-118 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 78-107 17726229-1 2007 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a proinflammatory and depressogenic agent whereas thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is an endogenous antidepressant and neuroprotective peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 114-118 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 109-112 17008022-10 2006 Amino-terminal truncations of Abeta, especially pyroglutamate 3-40/42, are more frequently found in human plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-61 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 30-35 16135565-0 2005 Crystal structures of human glutaminyl cyclase, an enzyme responsible for protein N-terminal pyroglutamate formation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-106 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 28-46 16737685-4 2006 HMW-CCL15-IR isolated from hemofiltrate revealed an M(w) of 10141.3, corresponding to deglycosylated CCL15(1-92) carrying a N-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-162 cilia and flagella associated protein 97 Homo sapiens 0-3 16737685-4 2006 HMW-CCL15-IR isolated from hemofiltrate revealed an M(w) of 10141.3, corresponding to deglycosylated CCL15(1-92) carrying a N-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-162 C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 Homo sapiens 4-9 16737685-4 2006 HMW-CCL15-IR isolated from hemofiltrate revealed an M(w) of 10141.3, corresponding to deglycosylated CCL15(1-92) carrying a N-terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-162 C-C motif chemokine ligand 15 Homo sapiens 101-106 16342937-10 2005 Mass spectrometric analysis with a limited amount of native material allowed determination of the mature N-termini of rat ZP1 and ZP3, both of which are characterized by cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate; the N-terminus of ZP2 was identified by Edman degradation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 198-211 zona pellucida glycoprotein 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 16342937-10 2005 Mass spectrometric analysis with a limited amount of native material allowed determination of the mature N-termini of rat ZP1 and ZP3, both of which are characterized by cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate; the N-terminus of ZP2 was identified by Edman degradation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 198-211 zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 Rattus norvegicus 130-133 17446160-5 2006 The K-Cl co-transport (KCC1/3/4) activated by the depletion of erythrocyte magnesium is inhibited by Magnesium pidolate; dipyridamole inhibits ion transports upon deoxygenation. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-119 solute carrier family 12 member 4 Homo sapiens 23-31 16084398-1 2005 Glutaminyl cyclase (QC) catalyzes the N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of numerous hormones and peptides from their glutaminyl precursor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 49-62 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-18 15907343-6 2005 The pyroglutamate modification characteristic of the short apelin peptide (Pyr(1))apelin-13 indicates paramount biological importance of this peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 apelin Homo sapiens 59-65 15907343-6 2005 The pyroglutamate modification characteristic of the short apelin peptide (Pyr(1))apelin-13 indicates paramount biological importance of this peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 apelin Homo sapiens 82-88 12450739-3 2002 PAP I cleaves the pGlu-amino acid bond of neuropeptides such as thyroliberin, luliberin, neurotensin, and bombesin. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 18-22 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16787309-0 2005 A pyridinium-substituted analog of the TRH-like tripeptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 and its prodrugs as central nervous system agents. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-63 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 39-42 16787309-1 2005 A metabolically stable and centrally acting analog of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 ([Glu2]TRH, a tripeptide structurally related to TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)) was designed by replacing the amino-terminal pyroglutamyl residue with a pyridinium moiety. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-58 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 78-81 16787309-1 2005 A metabolically stable and centrally acting analog of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 ([Glu2]TRH, a tripeptide structurally related to TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)) was designed by replacing the amino-terminal pyroglutamyl residue with a pyridinium moiety. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-58 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 120-123 16787309-1 2005 A metabolically stable and centrally acting analog of pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH2 ([Glu2]TRH, a tripeptide structurally related to TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone)) was designed by replacing the amino-terminal pyroglutamyl residue with a pyridinium moiety. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-58 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 125-154 15544487-1 2004 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) hypothalamic hormone that acts upon 7-trans membrane spanning GnRH receptors in the pituitary. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 15544487-1 2004 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) hypothalamic hormone that acts upon 7-trans membrane spanning GnRH receptors in the pituitary. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 15544487-1 2004 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) hypothalamic hormone that acts upon 7-trans membrane spanning GnRH receptors in the pituitary. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-108 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 212-216 14709911-1 2004 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) is known for specifically removing the L-pyroglutamate (L-pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of L-pGlu proteins and peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-92 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 0-29 14709911-1 2004 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) is known for specifically removing the L-pyroglutamate (L-pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of L-pGlu proteins and peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-92 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 31-36 14709911-2 2004 In general, substrate recognition of PAP-I as to L-pGlu moiety is tightly regulated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-55 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 37-42 14671203-0 2003 Characterization of a circulating N-extended form of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like peptide pGlu-Glu-Pro amide in human plasma. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 57-86 12799386-8 2003 The N termini of ZP1 and ZP3, but not ZP2, were blocked by cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 87-100 zona pellucida glycoprotein 1 Mus musculus 17-20 12799386-8 2003 The N termini of ZP1 and ZP3, but not ZP2, were blocked by cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 87-100 zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 Mus musculus 25-28 12916995-2 2003 Introduction of side-chain functionality at C-8 was achieved by using beta-functionalized pyroglutamate (8) as a synthetic precursor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 90-103 homeobox C8 Homo sapiens 44-47 12737624-7 2003 A complete map of all post-translational modifications revealed that authentic plasma PEDF carries an N-terminal pyroglutamate blocking group and an N-linked glycan at position Asn266. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-126 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 12737624-8 2003 The pyroglutamate residue may regulate the activity of PEDF analogously to the manner in which it regulates thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 12737624-8 2003 The pyroglutamate residue may regulate the activity of PEDF analogously to the manner in which it regulates thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 108-137 15621862-2 2003 All acidic-PRP isoforms share a common N-terminal region, which contains a pyroglutamic acid residue at the N-terminus, and two phosphorylation sites on Ser 8 and 22. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 75-92 prion protein Homo sapiens 11-14 15833284-5 2005 The heavy chains yielded post-translational modifications previously reported for other recombinant humanized or human IgG1 such as N-terminal pyroglutamic acid, C-terminal lysine clipping and N-glycosylation for asparagine 297. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 143-160 LOC105243590 Mus musculus 119-123 15305021-2 2004 Recently we cloned pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) which is known for specifically removing a L-pyroglutamate (L-pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of proteins and peptides including TRH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-115 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 19-48 15305021-2 2004 Recently we cloned pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) which is known for specifically removing a L-pyroglutamate (L-pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of proteins and peptides including TRH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-115 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 50-55 15305021-2 2004 Recently we cloned pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) which is known for specifically removing a L-pyroglutamate (L-pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of proteins and peptides including TRH. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-115 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 192-195 15215656-3 2004 Gl-PS also significantly reduced malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species production and increased the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity; furthermore, the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B induced by H/R was blocked. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-5 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 114-144 15215656-3 2004 Gl-PS also significantly reduced malondialdehyde content and reactive oxygen species production and increased the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity; furthermore, the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B induced by H/R was blocked. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-5 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 146-152 15215656-4 2004 These findings suggest that Gl-PS might be useful in treating H/R-induced oxidative stress and Mn-SOD might play a critical role in the neuroprotective effect of Gl-PS against H/R injury. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 162-167 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 95-101 15063747-1 2004 N-terminal pyroglutamate (pGlu) formation from glutaminyl precursors is a posttranslational event in the processing of bioactive neuropeptides such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone and neurotensin during their maturation in the secretory pathway. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 11-24 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 151-180 15063747-1 2004 N-terminal pyroglutamate (pGlu) formation from glutaminyl precursors is a posttranslational event in the processing of bioactive neuropeptides such as thyrotropin-releasing hormone and neurotensin during their maturation in the secretory pathway. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 26-30 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 151-180 14600395-1 2003 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) is a cytosolic cysteine peptidase, which hydrolytically removes the L-pyroglutamate residue from the amino terminus of endogenous proteins and peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-121 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 0-29 14600395-1 2003 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I (PAP-I) is a cytosolic cysteine peptidase, which hydrolytically removes the L-pyroglutamate residue from the amino terminus of endogenous proteins and peptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-121 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 31-36 12729654-4 2003 An example of a novel synthetic non-peptide molecule is given which mimics the His(6)-Pro(7)-Phe(8) part of Ang II and is based on the (S)-pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-156 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 108-114 12686470-6 2003 Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid peptidase removes the amino terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (pyroGlu), forming gastrin-16. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-92 gastrin Rattus norvegicus 112-119 12686470-6 2003 Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid peptidase removes the amino terminal pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (pyroGlu), forming gastrin-16. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 94-101 gastrin Rattus norvegicus 112-119 12643900-1 2003 Potential prodrugs for the TRH-like tripeptide pGlu-Glu-Pro-NH(2) were synthesized either by esterifying the Glu side-chain of the parent peptide in solution with alcohols in the presence of resin-bound dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or by solid-phase peptide chemistry. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 47-51 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 27-30 12589762-4 2003 Recombinant RC-RNase 4 (rRNase 4), which contains an additional Met residue and glutamine instead of pyroglutamate at the N terminus, was found to possess less catalytic and cytotoxic activities than RNase 4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-114 ribonuclease A family member 4 Bos taurus 15-22 12589762-4 2003 Recombinant RC-RNase 4 (rRNase 4), which contains an additional Met residue and glutamine instead of pyroglutamate at the N terminus, was found to possess less catalytic and cytotoxic activities than RNase 4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-114 ribonuclease A family member 4 Rattus norvegicus 24-32 12589762-9 2003 A comparison of the 3D structure of rRNase 4 with the structurally and functionally related cytotoxic ribonuclease, onconase (ONC), showed that the two H-bonds in the N-terminal pyroglutamate of ONC were not present at the corresponding glutamine residue of rRNase 4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-191 ribonuclease A family member 4 Rattus norvegicus 36-44 12589762-9 2003 A comparison of the 3D structure of rRNase 4 with the structurally and functionally related cytotoxic ribonuclease, onconase (ONC), showed that the two H-bonds in the N-terminal pyroglutamate of ONC were not present at the corresponding glutamine residue of rRNase 4. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-191 ribonuclease A family member 4 Rattus norvegicus 258-266 12372536-0 2002 Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of trans-3,4-conformationally-restricted glutamate and pyroglutamate analogues as novel EAAT2 inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 92-105 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 125-130 12372536-2 2002 Two glutamate analogues and one pyroglutamate analogue were found to inhibit EAAT2 with activity comparable to dihydrokainate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-45 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 77-82 12242461-0 2002 Improved stability, insulin-releasing activity and antidiabetic potential of two novel N-terminal analogues of gastric inhibitory polypeptide: N-acetyl-GIP and pGlu-GIP. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 160-164 gastric inhibitory polypeptide Homo sapiens 165-168 12196024-1 2002 Glutaminyl cyclase (QC, EC 2.3.2.5) catalyzes the formation of pyroglutamate residues from glutamine at the N-terminus of peptides and proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-76 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-18 12362798-6 2002 Within the gamma glutamyl cycle, 5-oxoproline (L-pyroglutamic acid) is a metabolite generated during GSH catabolism, and is metabolized to glutamic acid by 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 33-45 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 156-170 12362798-6 2002 Within the gamma glutamyl cycle, 5-oxoproline (L-pyroglutamic acid) is a metabolite generated during GSH catabolism, and is metabolized to glutamic acid by 5-oxoprolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 47-66 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 156-170 12354296-2 2002 The pyroglutamate-containing isoforms at position 3 [AbetaN3(pE)-40/42] represent the prominent form among the N-truncated species, and may account for more than 50% of Abeta accumulated in plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 4-17 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 53-58 12098492-1 2002 The majority of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) deposited in the brains of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) patients is N-truncated, especially Abeta starting with pyroglutamate at position 3 (Abeta(3(pE))). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 153-166 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 38-43 12098492-1 2002 The majority of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) deposited in the brains of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) patients is N-truncated, especially Abeta starting with pyroglutamate at position 3 (Abeta(3(pE))). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 153-166 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 133-138 12098492-1 2002 The majority of amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) deposited in the brains of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) patients is N-truncated, especially Abeta starting with pyroglutamate at position 3 (Abeta(3(pE))). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 153-166 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 133-138 11927537-5 2002 The extracellular domain of CLAC-P/collagen type XXV was secreted by furin convertase, and the N-terminus of CLAC deposited in AD brains was pyroglutamate modified. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 141-154 collagen type XXV alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 28-34 11927537-5 2002 The extracellular domain of CLAC-P/collagen type XXV was secreted by furin convertase, and the N-terminus of CLAC deposited in AD brains was pyroglutamate modified. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 141-154 collagen type XXV alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 28-32 11493674-3 2001 One of these, designated type II GnRH (GnRH II: pGlu-His-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly-NH2), is conserved from fish to man and is widely distributed in the brain, suggesting important neuromodulatory functions such as regulating K+ channels and stimulating sexual arousal. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-52 gonadotropin releasing hormone 2 Homo sapiens 39-46 11738621-1 2002 We report synthesis and biological activities of several thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues in which the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue has been replaced with various carboxylic acids and the central histidine is modified with substituted-imidazole derivatives. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 127-144 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 57-86 11738621-1 2002 We report synthesis and biological activities of several thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues in which the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue has been replaced with various carboxylic acids and the central histidine is modified with substituted-imidazole derivatives. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 127-144 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 88-91 12395185-1 2002 The paper describes the synthesis of ( 2S, 4S)-4-(N-Ts)- and ( 2S, 4S)-4-(N-Boc)-phenylamino-5-oxoprolines (pyroglutamic acid). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 108-125 BOC cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated Homo sapiens 76-79 11881332-7 2002 In the experiment that follows compared effects of TRH (pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and its metabolite dipeptide cHis-Pro-NH2 (10(-10) M, 10(-5) M). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-63 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 51-54 10644552-1 2000 L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTZ), a 5-oxoproline analog, is metabolized by 5-oxoprolinase and converted to cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid for GSH synthesis, with the release of CO(2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 47-59 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 86-100 11500636-2 2001 Aminopeptidase activities were studied by measuring the rate of hydrolysis of the artificial substrates Ala-, pGlu-, Pro-, Arg-, Asp- y Cis-2-naphthylamides (fluorimetrically detected at 412 rim with excitation at 345 nm). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 110-114 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 0-14 11302195-3 2001 We developed a simultaneous assay method for L-glutamate and L-pyroglutamate by using 5-oxoprolinase (without ATP hydrolyzing activity) and glutamate oxidase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-76 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 86-100 11027491-0 2000 Amyloid beta protein starting pyroglutamate at position 3 is a major component of the amyloid deposits in the Alzheimer"s disease brain. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 30-43 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 0-12 10877847-3 2000 The formation of a pyroglutamate residue from N-terminal Gln of CBP20-N increased the affinity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 19-32 wound-induced protein WIN1-like Nicotiana tabacum 64-69 10780943-13 2000 Thus acute changes in the dietary availability of SAA and Gly alter oxoproline kinetics and urinary 5-OP excretion. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-78 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 50-53 11255560-1 2000 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) which is produced from a precursor polypeptide in hypothalamic neurons and secreted in a pulsatile fashion to stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH via its interaction with a cognate receptor on gonadotropes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-60 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 11255560-1 2000 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) which is produced from a precursor polypeptide in hypothalamic neurons and secreted in a pulsatile fashion to stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH via its interaction with a cognate receptor on gonadotropes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-60 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 10984068-2 2000 The hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was the first chemically defined hypophyseotropic hormone with the primary structure pGLU-HIS-PRO.NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 138-142 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 17-46 10984068-2 2000 The hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was the first chemically defined hypophyseotropic hormone with the primary structure pGLU-HIS-PRO.NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 138-142 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 48-51 10604747-2 1999 We report substantial colocalization of AMY immunoreactive plaques with amyloid plaques labeled by antibodies to species of Abeta starting at position 3 with a pyroglutamate modified glutamic acid, however AMY immunoreactive deposits colocalized to a lesser degree with amyloid plaques labeled by antibodies to other variants of the Abeta peptide. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 160-173 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 124-129 10428492-5 1999 We propose that this form of glutaminyl cyclase plays a role in the posttranslational processing of constitutively secreted pGlu-containing proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 124-128 glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase Bos taurus 29-47 10501204-1 1999 An N-terminal truncated isoform of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) that begins with a pyroglutamate (pE) residue at position 3 [A beta3(pE)-42] is the predominant isoform found in senile plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 88-101 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 61-67 10501204-1 1999 An N-terminal truncated isoform of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) that begins with a pyroglutamate (pE) residue at position 3 [A beta3(pE)-42] is the predominant isoform found in senile plaques. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-105 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 61-67 10460889-6 1999 The enzyme also cleaved 5-oxo-L-proline to L-glutamic acid and is considered to be 5-oxo-L-prolinase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 24-39 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 83-100 10541353-12 1999 All members of the CCK or gastrin family were stable in serum (with t(1/2)s of several hours at 37 degrees C); nevertheless, the stability of those peptides was highest that bore the NH2-terminal pGlu residues (e.g., big gastrin, gastrin-I, caerulein, and others) or D-amino acids. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 cholecystokinin Homo sapiens 19-22 10541353-12 1999 All members of the CCK or gastrin family were stable in serum (with t(1/2)s of several hours at 37 degrees C); nevertheless, the stability of those peptides was highest that bore the NH2-terminal pGlu residues (e.g., big gastrin, gastrin-I, caerulein, and others) or D-amino acids. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gastrin Homo sapiens 26-33 9825946-3 1998 Further, the levels of isomerized and pyroglutamate-modified forms of A beta terminating at amino acid 42 were higher than those ending at amino acid 40. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 38-51 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 70-76 10395408-0 1999 Identification of the TRH-like peptides pGlu-Glu-Pro amide and pGlu-Phe-Pro amide in rat thyroid: regulation by thyroid status. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 40-44 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 22-25 10078874-1 1999 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) catalyses the hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline to glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP, a reaction which is known to be part of the gamma-glutamyl cycle-an interrelated series of reactions involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-71 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-17 10078874-1 1999 5-Oxo-L-prolinase (5-OPase) catalyses the hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline to glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP, a reaction which is known to be part of the gamma-glutamyl cycle-an interrelated series of reactions involved in the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 56-71 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 19-26 10078874-4 1999 Thus, the degradation of 5-oxo-L-proline by 5-OPase leads to the downregulation of this stimulus. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-40 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 44-51 9751079-2 1998 Previous studies showed that L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ), a 5-oxo-L-proline analog that is metabolized by 5-OPase, can preferentially decrease the cellular GSH levels in vivo in rat mammary tumors and sensitizes the tumors to the alkylating agent melphalan. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 72-87 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 118-125 9730840-8 1998 To evaluate the influence of the cyclization, this Gln was chemically converted into pGlu in both MCP-2 variants. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 85-89 C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 98-103 9730840-12 1998 However, for both MCP-2 variants the NH2-terminal pyroglutamate was shown to be essential for chemotaxis, but not for calcium mobilization. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 50-63 C-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 18-23 9474033-5 1998 We suggest that this patient developed a transient disturbance in the gamma-glutamyl cycle involving the 5-oxoprolinase step, which resulted in accumulation of 5-oxoproline that caused a severe high anion gap metabolic acidosis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 160-172 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 105-119 9516961-2 1998 Previous studies on rats have shown that administration of the cysteine prodrug L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate, a 5-oxo-L-proline analogue that is metabolized by 5-OPase, preferentially increases the GSH content of normal tissues while paradoxically decreasing it in the tumor and results in an enhanced in vivo tumor response to the anticancer drug melphalan. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 117-132 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 165-172 9597758-1 1998 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase type-II is reported to be a highly specific, membrane-bound neuropeptidase, which has the ability to hydrolytically remove the L-pyroglutamyl residue (pGlu) from the N-terminus of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and closely related tripeptides or tripeptide amides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 179-183 thyrotropin releasing hormone Bos taurus 208-237 8896573-1 1996 5-Oxoprolinuria (pyroglutamic aciduria) resulting from glutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized, in its severe form, by massive urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline, metabolic acidosis, haemolytic anaemia and central nervous system damage. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 207-219 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 55-77 9266488-16 1997 Instead, H3 and H5 were found to be moderately potent inhibitors of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 116-120 histatin 3 Homo sapiens 9-11 9266488-16 1997 Instead, H3 and H5 were found to be moderately potent inhibitors of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 116-120 histatin 3 Homo sapiens 16-18 9266488-16 1997 Instead, H3 and H5 were found to be moderately potent inhibitors of the furin-mediated cleavage of the pentapeptide pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA fluorogenic substrate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 116-120 furin, paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme Homo sapiens 72-77 8943290-1 1996 5-Oxoprolinase (EC 3.5.2) catalyzes a reaction in which the endergonic cleavage of 5-oxo-L-proline to form L-glutamate is coupled to the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 83-98 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-14 21153109-0 1996 Effects of TRH and TRH-like peptide pGLU-HIS-GLY-NH(2) on adrenocortical cell proliferation in rats. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-40 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 19-22 8816823-5 1996 Tunicate GnRH-I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Lys-Pro-Gly-NH2) has 60% of its residues conserved, compared with mammalian GnRH, whereas tunicate GnRH-II (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Leu-Cys-His-Ala-Pro-Gly-NH2) is unusual in that it was isolated as a disulfide-linked dimer. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 17-21 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 8816823-5 1996 Tunicate GnRH-I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Lys-Pro-Gly-NH2) has 60% of its residues conserved, compared with mammalian GnRH, whereas tunicate GnRH-II (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Leu-Cys-His-Ala-Pro-Gly-NH2) is unusual in that it was isolated as a disulfide-linked dimer. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 17-21 gonadotropin releasing hormone 2 Homo sapiens 145-152 8816823-5 1996 Tunicate GnRH-I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Lys-Pro-Gly-NH2) has 60% of its residues conserved, compared with mammalian GnRH, whereas tunicate GnRH-II (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Leu-Cys-His-Ala-Pro-Gly-NH2) is unusual in that it was isolated as a disulfide-linked dimer. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 154-158 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 8899741-2 1996 Immunochemical examination of cortical blocks from aged subjects distinguished by their total plaque load and from a young Down"s syndrome patient identified the major invariantly deposited species as A beta x-42 (X = 1(D-aspartate) and 3(pyroglutamate) and/or 11(pyroglutamate)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 239-252 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 201-207 8899741-2 1996 Immunochemical examination of cortical blocks from aged subjects distinguished by their total plaque load and from a young Down"s syndrome patient identified the major invariantly deposited species as A beta x-42 (X = 1(D-aspartate) and 3(pyroglutamate) and/or 11(pyroglutamate)). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 264-277 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 201-207 8702666-2 1996 Cyclization of Gln1 to form pyroglutamate (pE) limited the site of cross-linking in the mutant to Lys45, permitting identification of receptor residues that are proximal to this residue of bound EGF. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 28-41 epidermal growth factor Mus musculus 195-198 8702666-2 1996 Cyclization of Gln1 to form pyroglutamate (pE) limited the site of cross-linking in the mutant to Lys45, permitting identification of receptor residues that are proximal to this residue of bound EGF. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-45 epidermal growth factor Mus musculus 195-198 9502155-3 1997 Fragmentation allowed the resolution of the variants arising from the cyclization of glutamine to pyroglutamate at the amino-terminus of the light and heavy chains (Fab-pE/Q variants) from the variants resulting from the processing of the carboxy-terminal lysine residues of the heavy chains (Fc-Lys variants). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 98-111 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 165-168 9224700-5 1997 Both pyroglutamate-modified peptides and the full-length A beta form a stable aggregate that is water soluble. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 5-18 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 57-63 8896573-1 1996 5-Oxoprolinuria (pyroglutamic aciduria) resulting from glutathione synthetase (GSS) deficiency is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder characterized, in its severe form, by massive urinary excretion of 5-oxoproline, metabolic acidosis, haemolytic anaemia and central nervous system damage. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 207-219 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 79-82 8672466-7 1996 For the analysis of the interaction between TRH and the binding pocket, TRH was divided into four groups consisting of pyroGlu, His, ProNH2, and the backbone. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-126 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 72-75 8811836-1 1996 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase type-1 (PAP-I) is reported to be a soluble, broad specificity aminopeptidase, capable of removing the pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of pGlu-peptides (e.g. TRH, LHRH, neurotensin and bombesin). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-147 annexin A5 Bos taurus 0-41 8811836-1 1996 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase type-1 (PAP-I) is reported to be a soluble, broad specificity aminopeptidase, capable of removing the pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of pGlu-peptides (e.g. TRH, LHRH, neurotensin and bombesin). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-147 neurotensin Bos taurus 221-232 8811836-1 1996 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase type-1 (PAP-I) is reported to be a soluble, broad specificity aminopeptidase, capable of removing the pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of pGlu-peptides (e.g. TRH, LHRH, neurotensin and bombesin). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-153 annexin A5 Bos taurus 0-41 8811836-1 1996 Pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase type-1 (PAP-I) is reported to be a soluble, broad specificity aminopeptidase, capable of removing the pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) residue from the amino terminus of pGlu-peptides (e.g. TRH, LHRH, neurotensin and bombesin). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 149-153 neurotensin Bos taurus 221-232 8811836-4 1996 The expression of PAP activity displayed an absolute requirement for the presence of a disulphide bond-reducing agent such as DTT, whilst optimum activity was observed at pH 8.5. strong inhibition of PAP activity was observed with a number of different agents, including transition metal ions, sulphydryl-blocking agents and 2-pyrrolidone (a pGlu analog). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 342-346 PDGFA associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 8811836-4 1996 The expression of PAP activity displayed an absolute requirement for the presence of a disulphide bond-reducing agent such as DTT, whilst optimum activity was observed at pH 8.5. strong inhibition of PAP activity was observed with a number of different agents, including transition metal ions, sulphydryl-blocking agents and 2-pyrrolidone (a pGlu analog). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 342-346 PDGFA associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 200-203 8819144-1 1996 Neurotensin (NT, pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) is a tridecapeptide that displays a wide spectrum of biological actions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 17-21 neurotensin Homo sapiens 0-11 8819144-1 1996 Neurotensin (NT, pGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) is a tridecapeptide that displays a wide spectrum of biological actions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 17-21 neurotensin Homo sapiens 13-15 8783018-4 1996 The peptide map obtained by MALDI-MS after digestion in the gel covers 92% of the IFN-gamma sequence and revealed an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue and one oxidized methionine residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 128-141 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 82-91 7584623-1 1995 Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase type II is a highly specific membrane-bound neuropeptidase that has the ability to remove N-terminal pyroglutamate (Glp) from Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (Glp-His-Pro-NH2) or very closely related tripeptides or tripeptide amides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-143 thyrotropin releasing hormone Bos taurus 155-184 9173910-9 1996 A beta peptides starting at aspartate 1 or pyroglutamate 3 were detected in small subsets of compacted, neuritic plaques beginning around age 30 and rose with age, the latter species always exceeding the former. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-56 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 0-6 8566220-9 1996 The results show that in the rabbit the TRH-like peptides pGlu-Glu-Pro amide and pGlu-Phe-Pro amide occur in different tissues and appear to be formed from different precursors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-62 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 40-43 8993775-5 1996 Amino acid analysis indicates that LSF is a peptide composed of Asp, Glu, Ser, Thr, Ala, Gly, Arg and probably Met, with the N-terminus blocked, possibly by pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 157-174 transcription factor CP2 Mus musculus 35-38 7577928-1 1995 To test the hypothesis that pGlu of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-ProNH2) binds to Asn289 in the third extracellular loop (EL3) of its receptor through a hydrogen bonding interaction, we converted Asn289 to Asp (N289D mutant) and measured the potencies of TRH and Pro1TRH for the wild-type and mutant receptors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 28-32 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 275-278 8868303-0 1996 Probing the V1a vasopressin receptor binding site with pyroglutamate-substituted linear antagonists. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-68 arginine vasopressin receptor 1A Homo sapiens 12-36 8868303-4 1996 All of the neurohypophysial hormone receptors studied (V1a VPR, V2 VPR and OTR) were found to be stereoselective with respect to the N-terminal pGlu residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 144-148 oxytocin receptor Homo sapiens 55-78 7590793-2 1995 The anti-TRH antibodies were raised by immunization with a TRH-bovine serum albumin conjugate obtained by coupling of the CO2H group of pGlu-His-Pro-OH to NH2 groups in the protein. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 136-140 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 9-12 7577928-1 1995 To test the hypothesis that pGlu of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-ProNH2) binds to Asn289 in the third extracellular loop (EL3) of its receptor through a hydrogen bonding interaction, we converted Asn289 to Asp (N289D mutant) and measured the potencies of TRH and Pro1TRH for the wild-type and mutant receptors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 28-32 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 40-69 7577928-1 1995 To test the hypothesis that pGlu of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-ProNH2) binds to Asn289 in the third extracellular loop (EL3) of its receptor through a hydrogen bonding interaction, we converted Asn289 to Asp (N289D mutant) and measured the potencies of TRH and Pro1TRH for the wild-type and mutant receptors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 28-32 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 71-74 7494810-8 1995 Conversion studies showed that pGlu-L-Dopa-Pro was degraded by pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I, an enzyme releasing the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid, with Vmax and Km of 0.6 mumole/min/g protein and 21 mM, respectively, and that L-Dopa-Pro was degraded by prolidase with Vmax and Km of 44 mumole/min/g protein and 0.48 mM, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 129-146 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Rattus norvegicus 63-92 7494810-8 1995 Conversion studies showed that pGlu-L-Dopa-Pro was degraded by pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I, an enzyme releasing the N-terminal pyroglutamic acid, with Vmax and Km of 0.6 mumole/min/g protein and 21 mM, respectively, and that L-Dopa-Pro was degraded by prolidase with Vmax and Km of 44 mumole/min/g protein and 0.48 mM, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 129-146 peptidase D Rattus norvegicus 254-263 7590793-2 1995 The anti-TRH antibodies were raised by immunization with a TRH-bovine serum albumin conjugate obtained by coupling of the CO2H group of pGlu-His-Pro-OH to NH2 groups in the protein. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 136-140 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 59-62 7590793-5 1995 Characterization of the anti-TRH antibodies showed that in general they are specific for the pGlu-His moiety. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-97 thyrotropin releasing hormone Mus musculus 29-32 7554280-3 1995 The amino acid sequence of the modified BM was determined and compared with that of the native BM; the N-terminal isoleucine residue was missing and the second glutamine residue was cyclized into pyroglutamic acid in the modified BM. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-213 beta-2-microglobulin Homo sapiens 40-42 7857653-3 1995 This modified A beta peptide (A beta N3(pE)) starts at the 3rd aminoterminal residue of the standard A beta, glutamate, converted to pyroglutamate through intramolecular dehydration. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-146 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-20 7713926-7 1995 PC1/3 and PC2 cleaved paired basic and monobasic sites within peptide-MCA substrates, with Boc-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-MCA and pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA as the most effectively cleaved peptides tested. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-123 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Bos taurus 0-3 7713926-7 1995 PC1/3 and PC2 cleaved paired basic and monobasic sites within peptide-MCA substrates, with Boc-Arg-Val-Arg-Arg-MCA and pGlu-Arg-Thr-Lys-Arg-MCA as the most effectively cleaved peptides tested. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-123 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Bos taurus 10-13 7627130-2 1995 The combination of fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry and pyroglutamate aminopeptidase digestion provides a convenient and sensitive method for the identification of pyroglutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-82 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 83-97 7798029-1 1995 TRH-like peptides share the N- and C-terminal amino acids with TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) but differ in the middle amino acid residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-72 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 7798029-1 1995 TRH-like peptides share the N- and C-terminal amino acids with TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) but differ in the middle amino acid residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-72 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 63-66 7798029-4 1995 To distinguish between TRH and EEP two antisera were used for RIA: specificity of antiserum 4319 for the TRH-like peptides pGlu-Phe-Pro-NH2 and EEP was equal to or greater than that for TRH, whereas antiserum 8880 is TRH-specific. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-127 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 105-108 7798029-4 1995 To distinguish between TRH and EEP two antisera were used for RIA: specificity of antiserum 4319 for the TRH-like peptides pGlu-Phe-Pro-NH2 and EEP was equal to or greater than that for TRH, whereas antiserum 8880 is TRH-specific. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-127 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 105-108 7798029-4 1995 To distinguish between TRH and EEP two antisera were used for RIA: specificity of antiserum 4319 for the TRH-like peptides pGlu-Phe-Pro-NH2 and EEP was equal to or greater than that for TRH, whereas antiserum 8880 is TRH-specific. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-127 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 105-108 7964269-6 1994 In contrast, at micromolar concentrations pGlu-Glu-ProNH2 exhibited intrinsic TRH-like activity causing stimulation of both GH and prolactin release from GH3 cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 42-46 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 78-81 7522575-1 1994 The TRH-related peptide, pGlu-Glu-ProNH2, which was first identified in rabbit prostate has recently been named fertilization-promoting peptide (FPP) because of its ability to enhance the in vitro fertilizing potential of mouse epididymal spermatozoa. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 25-29 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 4-7 7761629-7 1995 The amino acid sequence of sturgeon GnRH is pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 44-48 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 7832488-0 1994 Predominance of pGlu-His-Pro-Gly among all TRH precursor peptides in rat limbic forebrain after electroconvulsive seizures. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 16-20 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 43-46 8496014-1 1993 Bombesin (Bn, pGlu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Gly-Asn-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2) is one of the most potent peptides, possessing a variety of physiological and pharmacological functions. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-18 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 0-8 8284256-3 1993 The primary structure of the peptide (pGlu-Leu-His-Val-Asn-Lys-Ala-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu) is identical to that of chicken neurotensin. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 38-42 neurotensin Gallus gallus 124-135 8264574-2 1993 Especially the synthetic peptide pyroGlu-Asp-Asp-Ser-Asp-Glu-Glu-Asn comprising the carboxy-terminal acidic hepta-peptide of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II was found to serve as an excellent substrate for purified CKII. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 33-40 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 224-228 7852885-1 1993 Pyroglutamyglutamylprolineamide (pGlu-Glu-ProNH2) is a tripeptide with structural and immunological similarities to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-ProNH2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 33-37 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 116-146 7852885-1 1993 Pyroglutamyglutamylprolineamide (pGlu-Glu-ProNH2) is a tripeptide with structural and immunological similarities to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH; pGlu-His-ProNH2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 33-37 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 148-151 7852885-4 1993 However, pGlu-Glu-ProNH2 suppressed TRH-induced GH release from pituitary glands incubated in vitro and competitively displaced [3H]methyl3-histidine2-TRH from pituitary membranes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 9-13 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 36-39 7852885-4 1993 However, pGlu-Glu-ProNH2 suppressed TRH-induced GH release from pituitary glands incubated in vitro and competitively displaced [3H]methyl3-histidine2-TRH from pituitary membranes. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 9-13 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 151-154 7852885-6 1993 Submaximal GH responses of conscious and anaesthetized birds to systemic TRH challenge were, however, potentiated by prior or concomitant administration of pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 156-160 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 73-76 7824521-0 1994 Pyrrolidone carboxyl peptidase (Pcp): an enzyme that removes pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) from pGlu-peptides and pGlu-proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 61-78 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Homo sapiens 0-30 7824521-0 1994 Pyrrolidone carboxyl peptidase (Pcp): an enzyme that removes pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) from pGlu-peptides and pGlu-proteins. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 80-84 pyroglutamyl-peptidase I Homo sapiens 0-30 8175672-1 1994 The metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 is believed to degrade gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) by cleavage at the Tyr5-Gly6 bond. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 thimet oligopeptidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-24 8175672-1 1994 The metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 is believed to degrade gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) by cleavage at the Tyr5-Gly6 bond. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-91 8175672-1 1994 The metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 is believed to degrade gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) by cleavage at the Tyr5-Gly6 bond. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 1423781-2 1992 In order to synthesize TRH-labeled beta-D-galactosidase (beta-gal), a newly devised TRH derivative, pGlu-His-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH2 (TRH-Hex), was employed. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 23-26 1423781-2 1992 In order to synthesize TRH-labeled beta-D-galactosidase (beta-gal), a newly devised TRH derivative, pGlu-His-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH2 (TRH-Hex), was employed. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 84-87 1423781-2 1992 In order to synthesize TRH-labeled beta-D-galactosidase (beta-gal), a newly devised TRH derivative, pGlu-His-Pro-NH-(CH2)6-NH2 (TRH-Hex), was employed. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 100-104 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 84-87 1314325-1 1992 Thyroliberin E-H-P-NH2 (TRH) is a small neuropeptide pGlu-His-Pro-NH2 widely distributed in neural sites. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 53-57 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 24-27 1639022-2 1992 In the present study, designed to determine the role of endogenous TRH, we first characterized chromatographically the identity of immunoreactive TRH with synthetic pGlu-His-Pro-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 165-169 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 146-149 1314591-1 1992 Analogs of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Glp-His-Pro-NH2, TRH) have been prepared which contain thioamide moieties in the pyroglutamic acid ring, the carboxyamide proline terminus, and in both positions (dithio). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-140 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 11-40 1325726-1 1992 Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH; pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is rapidly hydrolyzed at the pyroGlu-His bond by a heterogeneously distributed ectoenzyme and a TRH-degrading serum enzyme. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-43 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 0-29 1739740-7 1992 Anion exchange chromatography, under conditions which resolve TRH and pGlu-Glu-ProNH2, showed that the majority of the low molecular weight TRH immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 70-74 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 140-143 1739740-7 1992 Anion exchange chromatography, under conditions which resolve TRH and pGlu-Glu-ProNH2, showed that the majority of the low molecular weight TRH immunoreactivity co-eluted with synthetic pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 186-190 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 140-143 1325726-1 1992 Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH; pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is rapidly hydrolyzed at the pyroGlu-His bond by a heterogeneously distributed ectoenzyme and a TRH-degrading serum enzyme. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-43 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 31-34 1325726-1 1992 Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH; pyroGlu-His-Pro-NH2) is rapidly hydrolyzed at the pyroGlu-His bond by a heterogeneously distributed ectoenzyme and a TRH-degrading serum enzyme. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-43 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 153-156 2013294-5 1991 The single polypeptide chain of SABP contains 118 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 13,506 and pyroglutamic acid as the N-terminal residue. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 97-114 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 32-36 1310004-1 1992 An analogue of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-ProNH2), i.e. pGlu-His-ProNH-(CH2)6-(4-azidosalicylamide) (TRH-ASA), has been synthesized and, in a radioiodinated form (TRH-IASA), characterized and used as a photoaffinity reagent to label the TRH receptor on rat pituitary GH4C1 cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 51-55 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 15-44 1826837-2 1991 Our results indicate that the N-terminal amino acid of the heavy chain of hHGF, both native and recombinant, is pyroglutamate, derived from glutamine at the 32nd residue from the initiation methionine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 112-125 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 74-78 2118634-1 1990 The kinetics and mechanism of degradation of the tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and its various primary and secondary degradation products (TRH-OH, His-Pro-NH2, and His-Pro) have been determined in human plasma at 37 degrees C. The rates of degradation of both TRH and TRH-OH (pGlu-His-Pro) showed mixed zero-order and first-order kinetics. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 65-69 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 60-63 2266117-9 1990 Both beta-lipotropin (1-40) and joining peptide were found to have pyroglutamate at their amino termini to an extent of about 50%. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 67-80 proopiomelanocortin Bos taurus 5-20 2121465-1 1990 TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) arises from the post-translational processing of a larger precursor peptide containing multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence, Gln-His-Pro-Gly. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 5-9 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 2121465-1 1990 TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) arises from the post-translational processing of a larger precursor peptide containing multiple copies of the TRH progenitor sequence, Gln-His-Pro-Gly. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 5-9 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 133-136 1978326-2 1990 On the basis of inverse half-saturations of the enzymes, the order of acceptor substrate affinity for factor XIIIa was pEAQQIV much greater than Boc-AQQIV greater than Boc-QQIV, and for transglutaminase, Boc-QQIV greater than Boc-AQQIV greater than pEAQQIV (amino acid residues are shown in one-letter code; pE, pyroglutamic acid; Boc, tert-butyloxycarbonyl). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 312-329 coagulation factor XIII A chain Homo sapiens 102-114 2115588-1 1990 A series of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues in which the pyroglutamic acid residue was replaced by (S)-4,5-dihydroorotic acid (Dio-OH) and the related derivatives were prepared. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 71-88 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 12-41 2115588-1 1990 A series of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues in which the pyroglutamic acid residue was replaced by (S)-4,5-dihydroorotic acid (Dio-OH) and the related derivatives were prepared. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 71-88 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 43-46 2122435-4 1990 Whereas TRH was rapidly hydrolyzed at its pGlu-His bond in human plasma by a TRH-specific pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase serum enzyme, the N-alkoxycarbonyl derivatives were resistant to cleavage by the enzyme. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 42-46 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 8-11 2118634-1 1990 The kinetics and mechanism of degradation of the tripeptide TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) and its various primary and secondary degradation products (TRH-OH, His-Pro-NH2, and His-Pro) have been determined in human plasma at 37 degrees C. The rates of degradation of both TRH and TRH-OH (pGlu-His-Pro) showed mixed zero-order and first-order kinetics. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 280-284 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 60-63 2118634-3 1990 The initial step in the plasma-catalyzed degradation of TRH is due to hydrolysis of the pGlu-His bond by the TRH-specific pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase serum enzyme, resulting in the exclusive formation of histidyl-proline amide (His-Pro-NH2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 88-92 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 56-59 2118634-3 1990 The initial step in the plasma-catalyzed degradation of TRH is due to hydrolysis of the pGlu-His bond by the TRH-specific pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase serum enzyme, resulting in the exclusive formation of histidyl-proline amide (His-Pro-NH2). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 88-92 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 109-112 2117583-3 1990 Antibodies to TRH-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly), a final precursor for TRH formation, were used to detect this tetrapeptide as well as other prepro-TRH fragments which cross-react with these antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 14-17 2117583-3 1990 Antibodies to TRH-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly), a final precursor for TRH formation, were used to detect this tetrapeptide as well as other prepro-TRH fragments which cross-react with these antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 64-67 2117583-3 1990 Antibodies to TRH-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly), a final precursor for TRH formation, were used to detect this tetrapeptide as well as other prepro-TRH fragments which cross-react with these antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-27 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 64-67 2113484-2 1990 TRH-extended peptides have been detected in the rat olfactory lobe: these peptides accounted for approximately 11% of the total TRH immunoreactivity present in the tissue and contained the sequence pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-Arg exclusively at their N-termini. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 198-202 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-3 2166282-1 1990 By introducing D-Trp in position 6 and 8 along with pyroglutamic acid (Pyr) in position 4 or Nle in position 10 of NKA(4-10) we have obtained selective although weak NK-2 tachykinin receptor antagonists. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 52-69 tachykinin receptor 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 2166282-1 1990 By introducing D-Trp in position 6 and 8 along with pyroglutamic acid (Pyr) in position 4 or Nle in position 10 of NKA(4-10) we have obtained selective although weak NK-2 tachykinin receptor antagonists. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 71-74 tachykinin receptor 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 2388948-6 1990 The similarities and the differences in the patterns of macronutrient selection produced by vehicle of pGlu-CCK-8 infusions into the VMH provide further evidence of the unique functions of VMH and CCK in the feeding process. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 108-111 2388948-6 1990 The similarities and the differences in the patterns of macronutrient selection produced by vehicle of pGlu-CCK-8 infusions into the VMH provide further evidence of the unique functions of VMH and CCK in the feeding process. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 197-200 2323890-0 1990 BOP reagent for the coupling of pGlu and Boc-His(Tos) in solid phase peptide synthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 32-36 BOP Homo sapiens 0-3 34880449-0 2022 Pyroglutamate Abeta cascade as drug target in Alzheimer"s disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-19 2117437-3 1990 The sequence of this peptide, which we call "DAKH", is pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-NH2 (where pGlu is pyroglutamic acid and Trp-NH2 is tryptophan carboxyamide). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-59 Adipokinetic hormone Drosophila melanogaster 45-49 2117437-3 1990 The sequence of this peptide, which we call "DAKH", is pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-NH2 (where pGlu is pyroglutamic acid and Trp-NH2 is tryptophan carboxyamide). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 107-124 Adipokinetic hormone Drosophila melanogaster 45-49 34880449-4 2022 Although it is long known that N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (AbetapE3) peptides are abundantly present in the brain of AD patients, form stable and soluble low-molecular weight oligomers, and induce neurodegeneration in AD mouse models, their potential as drug target has not been generally accepted in the past. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-71 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 81-86 34776512-2 2022 The Abeta peptide exists in several forms, including full-length Abeta1-42 and Abeta1-40 - and the N-truncated species, pyroglutamate Abeta3-42 and Abeta4-42, which appear to play a major role in neurodegeneration. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 120-133 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 4-9 34776512-4 2022 By solving crystal structures for TAP01 family antibodies bound to pyroglutamate Abeta3-14, we identified a novel pseudo beta-hairpin structure in the N-terminal region of Abeta and show that this underpins its unique binding properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 67-80 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 172-177 34583246-9 2021 (Iso)-butyrylcarnitine and 5-oxoproline correlated with cyst fluid CEA levels (P<.0001 and P<.05 respectively). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-39 CEA cell adhesion molecule 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 34769222-1 2021 Compelling evidence suggests that pyroglutamate-modified Abeta (pGlu3-Abeta; AbetaN3pG) peptides play a pivotal role in the development and progression of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 34-47 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 57-62 34519476-3 2021 Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides which aggregate and accumulate in the plaques of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) have sequential N-terminal truncations and multiple post-translational modifications (PTM) such as isomerization, pyroglutamate formation, phosphorylation, nitration, and dityrosine cross-linking. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 218-231 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 0-12 34519476-3 2021 Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides which aggregate and accumulate in the plaques of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) have sequential N-terminal truncations and multiple post-translational modifications (PTM) such as isomerization, pyroglutamate formation, phosphorylation, nitration, and dityrosine cross-linking. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 218-231 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-19 34671305-1 2021 Background and Purpose: Pyroglutamate-modified beta-amyloid peptide (AbetapE) is crucial for AD pathophysiological process. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 24-37 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 47-67 34162295-2 2021 Donanemab (LY3002813) is a new monoclonal antibody that uniquely targets Abeta(p3-42), a pyroglutamate form of Amyloid-beta (Abeta) exclusively found in plaques.Areas covered: This paper assesses the recent publication Evaluation of Mintun MA, Lo AC, Evans C et al. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 89-102 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 111-123 34641352-3 2021 Glutamic acid can then be quantified specifically by thermal conversion into pyroglutamic acid followed by chemical derivatization of the pyroglutamic acid formed by an analytical protocol based on an OPA-NAC reagent. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 138-155 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 205-208 34309760-4 2021 We argue that glutaminyl cyclase (QC) may catalyze the pyroglutamate (pGlu)79-alpha-synuclein formation and, thereby, contribute to enhanced aggregation and compromised degradation of alpha-synuclein in human synucleinopathies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 55-68 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 78-93 34119183-6 2021 Additionally, GLP inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation markers and MAPK (JNK and ERK) activation in macrophage RAW264.7, intestinal HT-29, and NCM460 cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 93-96 34119183-6 2021 Additionally, GLP inhibited lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation markers and MAPK (JNK and ERK) activation in macrophage RAW264.7, intestinal HT-29, and NCM460 cells. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 14-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 101-104 34489686-8 2021 Pyroglutamate-modified Abeta levels were lower than unmodified Abeta levels in both diagnostic groups, but within group proportions of both pyroglutamate-modified Abeta forms relative to both unmodified Abeta forms were lower in the DS group but not in the AD group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 23-28 34489686-8 2021 Pyroglutamate-modified Abeta levels were lower than unmodified Abeta levels in both diagnostic groups, but within group proportions of both pyroglutamate-modified Abeta forms relative to both unmodified Abeta forms were lower in the DS group but not in the AD group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 140-153 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 163-168 34425883-6 2021 RESULTS: To be expected early 2023 CONCLUSION: This state of the art phase 2b study will yield important results for the field with respect to trial methodology and for the treatment of AD with a small molecule directed against pyroglutamate-A-beta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 228-241 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 242-248 34393717-0 2021 N-Terminally Truncated and Pyroglutamate-Modified Abeta Forms Are Measurable in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Are Potential Markers of Disease Progression in Alzheimer"s Disease. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 27-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 50-55 34489680-4 2021 Recently, passive immunization of AD patients with Donanemab, an antibody directed against the N-terminus of pyroglutamate Abeta, showed beneficial effects in a phase II trial, supporting the concept that N-truncated Abeta is a relevant target for AD therapy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 109-122 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 123-128 34489680-4 2021 Recently, passive immunization of AD patients with Donanemab, an antibody directed against the N-terminus of pyroglutamate Abeta, showed beneficial effects in a phase II trial, supporting the concept that N-truncated Abeta is a relevant target for AD therapy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 109-122 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 217-222 34393717-4 2021 In human CSF, we could detect and quantify a panel of 19 Abeta isoforms, including N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamate-modified forms, never quantified before in CSF. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 110-123 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 57-62 34393717-7 2021 Thus, we demonstrated that N-terminally truncated and pyroglutamate-modified Abeta can be quantified in human CSF, and five of them, along with Abeta1-42, are potential markers of AD progression. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-67 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 77-82 2681686-1 1989 Endopeptidase (EP) 24.15 cleaves the Tyr5-Gly6 bond of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), and is the primary LHRH degrading enzyme in pituitary and hypothalamic membrane preparations. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 55-92 34281196-11 2021 A reduction of 5-oxoproline and ornithine metabolites that are involved in proline synthesis in mitochondria and affect abiotic stresses was also observed in the mfdx1-1 mutant. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 15-27 mitochondrial ferredoxin 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 162-167 35532069-10 2022 CPB/DHCA strongly affected the serum metabolic profile, with only one metabolite that differed significantly with acute kidney injury (pyroglutamic acid, a marker of oxidative stress). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-152 carboxypeptidase B1 Homo sapiens 0-3 34791353-3 2022 Herein, we present a case of a newborn boy with the most severe phenotype of GSS deficiency, diagnosed based on clinical features and increased urinary 5-oxoproline levels determined via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) testing. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 152-164 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 77-80 35479516-0 2022 An amyloid beta vaccine that safely drives immunity to a key pathological species in Alzheimer"s disease: pyroglutamate amyloid beta. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-119 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 120-132 35479516-1 2022 Pyroglutamate amyloid beta3-42 (pGlu-Abeta3-42), a highly amyloidogenic and neurotoxic form of Abeta, is N-terminally truncated to form a pyroglutamate and has recently been proposed as a key target for immunotherapy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 0-13 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 95-100 35479516-1 2022 Pyroglutamate amyloid beta3-42 (pGlu-Abeta3-42), a highly amyloidogenic and neurotoxic form of Abeta, is N-terminally truncated to form a pyroglutamate and has recently been proposed as a key target for immunotherapy. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 138-151 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 95-100 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 27-57 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 2556391-2 1989 Variant forms of mammalian gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly.NH2) are present in chicken ([Gln8] GnRH and [His5, Trp7, Tyr8]GnRH), salmon ([Trp7, Leu8]GnRH), and lamprey ([Tyr3, Leu5, Glu6, Trp7, Lys8] GnRH). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 66-70 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 34068182-8 2021 At 3 h after IL-1beta treatment, 18 amino acids (except cysteine and glutamic acid), total glutathione (GSH, GSSG, Cys-GSH disulfide), Met-sulfoxide, 5-oxoproline, and SAM declined, whereas DNA expressions of AKT, CASP3, and CXCL3 were elevated. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 150-162 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 13-21 2681686-1 1989 Endopeptidase (EP) 24.15 cleaves the Tyr5-Gly6 bond of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), and is the primary LHRH degrading enzyme in pituitary and hypothalamic membrane preparations. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 2681686-1 1989 Endopeptidase (EP) 24.15 cleaves the Tyr5-Gly6 bond of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2), and is the primary LHRH degrading enzyme in pituitary and hypothalamic membrane preparations. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 2648385-3 1989 By a combination of Edman degradation and mass spectrometry, it was established that GDCF-2 comprises 76 amino acid residues, commencing at the N terminus with pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 160-177 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 85-91 2506142-1 1989 A series of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogs in which the pyroglutamic acid residue was replaced by (S)-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (Oic-OH) and the related derivatives was prepared, and the central nervous system (CNS) actions were examined. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 69-86 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 43-46 2566131-2 1989 Following the fractionation of liver homogenate in 0.25 M sucrose, solubilization of the particulate fraction with papain and gel filtration on ACA34, an enzyme activity was detected which converts TRH into pyroglutamic acid and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine (cyclo[His-Pro]; cHP). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 207-224 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 198-201 2759227-1 1989 We have recently identified a novel peptide in the rabbit prostate complex which cross-reacts with an antibody to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and has the structure pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 173-177 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 114-144 2759227-1 1989 We have recently identified a novel peptide in the rabbit prostate complex which cross-reacts with an antibody to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and has the structure pGlu-Glu-ProNH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 173-177 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 146-149 2567735-2 1989 In the present work we found that the kinase, in the absence or presence of the reductase (and in the absence of NADPH), catalyzes stoichiometric formation of 5-oxo-L-proline and Pi from L-glutamate and ATP, but catalyzes hydroxamate formation at only about 10% of the rate of ATP-cleavage. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 159-174 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 113-118 2500333-1 1989 In the present study we have examined the in vivo effects of thyroid hormone and TRH on secretory tissue concentrations of TRH and TRH-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly), a TRH precursor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 140-144 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 81-84 2545227-7 1989 The binding of [3H]Me-TRH to caudal lobe membranes was displaced by Me-TRH, TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-NH2 and [Glu1]-TRH, with half-maximal effective doses of 33 nM, 70.7 nM, 1.23 microM and 22 microM respectively, but not by [Phe2]-TRH, TRH free acid or His-Pro-diketopiperazine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 81-85 thyrotropin releasing hormone Gallus gallus 22-25 2721452-8 1989 The B-chain of IR relaxin had an amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 48-65 prorelaxin Sus scrofa 18-25 2563377-1 1989 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes the ATP-dependent decyclization of 5-oxo-L-proline to L-glutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-75 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-14 2501768-1 1989 In the present study we have examined the in vivo effects of thyroid hormones and TRH on tissue and blood levels of TRH and TRH-Gly (pGlu-His-Pro-Gly), a TRH precursor. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 133-137 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 82-85 2493964-2 1989 In the present study, microinjection of 10 ng to 5 micrograms of TRH into the anterior hypothalamus (AHy) dose-dependently suppressed heat production in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) in chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rats tested at a room temperature of 23 +/- 2 degrees C. This effect of TRH was mimicked by the structurally related peptides acid-TRH and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH), and by the TRH analog CG 3509, but not by the TRH fragments pGlu-His and His-Pro. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 473-477 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 65-68 3141237-1 1988 Brain and spinal sites of action of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, RX 77368 [pGlu-His-(3,3"-dimethyl)-Pro-NH2], for stimulation of gastric acid secretion have been investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats with gastric fistula. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 47-76 3141237-1 1988 Brain and spinal sites of action of the stable thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, RX 77368 [pGlu-His-(3,3"-dimethyl)-Pro-NH2], for stimulation of gastric acid secretion have been investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats with gastric fistula. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-107 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 78-81 3292705-11 1988 It is concluded that LHRH degradation is primarily initiated by the membrane-bound form of endopeptidase-24.15 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr and to a lesser extent by endopeptidase-24.11 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 120-124 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Mus musculus 21-25 3292705-11 1988 It is concluded that LHRH degradation is primarily initiated by the membrane-bound form of endopeptidase-24.15 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr and to a lesser extent by endopeptidase-24.11 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 120-124 thimet oligopeptidase 1 Mus musculus 91-110 3292705-11 1988 It is concluded that LHRH degradation is primarily initiated by the membrane-bound form of endopeptidase-24.15 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr and to a lesser extent by endopeptidase-24.11 to yield pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Mus musculus 21-25 3120012-2 1987 This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that TRH is hydrolysed at the pyroGlu-His bond by a particulate enzyme located in the synaptosomal and adenohypophyseal plasma membrane. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 81-88 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 56-59 2493268-3 1989 Among the eleven amino acids of the PSP S2-5 N-terminal extension Z-E-A-Q-T-E-L-P-Q-A-R, the first residue is an oxoproline and the fifth, a threonine, bears the single carbohydrate chain of the protein molecules. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 113-123 regenerating family member 1 alpha Homo sapiens 36-39 3676243-4 1987 Glycine is one substrate for the enzyme glutathione synthase (EC 6.3.2.3) and in the inborn error of metabolism in which glutathione synthase function is defective, increased quantities of 5-oxoproline are excreted in the urine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 189-201 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 40-60 3676243-4 1987 Glycine is one substrate for the enzyme glutathione synthase (EC 6.3.2.3) and in the inborn error of metabolism in which glutathione synthase function is defective, increased quantities of 5-oxoproline are excreted in the urine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 189-201 glutathione synthetase Homo sapiens 121-141 3611103-2 1987 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes a reaction in which the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi and the decyclization of 5-oxoproline to form glutamate are coupled. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 104-116 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-14 3611103-3 1987 When the reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase of Pseudomonas putida was carried out to 90% completion in H2(18)O, the residual 5-oxoproline was found to contain 18O in the amide carbonyl oxygen atom. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 127-139 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 31-45 3109913-4 1987 Structural analysis of this natural IFN-gamma preparation demonstrated a pyroglutamate residue at the amino terminus and a heterogeneous carboxyl terminus. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 73-86 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 36-45 3745154-1 1986 Bacterial 5-oxoprolinase is composed of two protein components: Component A, which catalyzes 5-oxoproline-dependent ATP-hydrolysis and Component B, which couples the hydrolysis of ATP with the decyclization of 5-oxoproline to form glutamate (Seddon, A. P., Li, L., and Meister, A. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-105 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 10-24 3099113-4 1986 Because this last step in the biosynthesis of TRH is rate limiting for pGlu-His-Pro-Gly, we have combined several chromatographic and radioimmunoassay techniques to identify this TRH precursor in rat prostate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 71-75 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 46-49 3095143-2 1986 Apo A-II consists of a single polypeptide chain of 78 amino acid residues, of which the amino-terminus is pyrrolidone carboxylic acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 106-133 apolipoprotein A-II Mus musculus 0-8 3745154-1 1986 Bacterial 5-oxoprolinase is composed of two protein components: Component A, which catalyzes 5-oxoproline-dependent ATP-hydrolysis and Component B, which couples the hydrolysis of ATP with the decyclization of 5-oxoproline to form glutamate (Seddon, A. P., Li, L., and Meister, A. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 210-222 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 10-24 3089346-1 1986 To define the role of different fragments of TRF molecule in its neurotropic activity a number of newly synthesized dipeptides of pyroglutamic acid with beta-alanine residue, GABA or GABA ester have been studied. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 130-147 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 45-48 3521730-6 1986 IB-1 has a blocked amino-terminal residue, pyroglutamic acid, and also contains one phosphoserine residue in position 8. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 3516761-1 1986 Filaggrin is a specific epidermal protein which is the precursor of the free amino acids, urocanic acid and pyrrolidone carboxylic acid which are largely responsible for the ability of the stratum corneum of the skin to remain hydrated at low environmental humidity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 108-135 filaggrin Rattus norvegicus 0-9 3088682-2 1986 Peptides related to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were identified in the eluted fractions by trypsin digestion and radioimmunoassay (RIA) using antibodies to the TRH tripeptide pGlu-His-Pro amide or to a TRH-related pentapeptide pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-Lys. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 183-187 thyrotropin-releasing hormone L homeolog Xenopus laevis 20-49 3088682-2 1986 Peptides related to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were identified in the eluted fractions by trypsin digestion and radioimmunoassay (RIA) using antibodies to the TRH tripeptide pGlu-His-Pro amide or to a TRH-related pentapeptide pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-Lys. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 183-187 thyrotropin-releasing hormone L homeolog Xenopus laevis 51-54 3088682-5 1986 Evidence was also obtained for the presence of small amounts of the TRH-related pentapeptide pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-Lys. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 93-97 thyrotropin-releasing hormone L homeolog Xenopus laevis 68-71 2869108-3 1986 Reports of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading enzyme with narrow specificity that cleaves the pGlu-His bond of this tripeptide led us to develop a coupled assay using pGlu-His-Pro-2NA as the substrate to measure this activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 13-42 2869108-3 1986 Reports of a thyrotropin-releasing hormone-degrading enzyme with narrow specificity that cleaves the pGlu-His bond of this tripeptide led us to develop a coupled assay using pGlu-His-Pro-2NA as the substrate to measure this activity. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 174-178 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 13-42 2869108-8 1986 The data suggest that degradation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by the particulate fraction of a brain homogenate is catalyzed mainly by an enzyme that cleaves the pGlu-His bond of thyrotropin-releasing hormone but is distinct from pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 167-171 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 37-66 2869108-8 1986 The data suggest that degradation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by the particulate fraction of a brain homogenate is catalyzed mainly by an enzyme that cleaves the pGlu-His bond of thyrotropin-releasing hormone but is distinct from pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 167-171 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 184-213 2868782-5 1986 An examination of the structure of various peptides that inhibit pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity indicated that the enzyme generally prefers a substrate having amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) and a COOH-terminal that is either blocked or distant from amino-terminal pGlu. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 181-198 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 79-93 2868782-5 1986 An examination of the structure of various peptides that inhibit pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity indicated that the enzyme generally prefers a substrate having amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) and a COOH-terminal that is either blocked or distant from amino-terminal pGlu. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 200-204 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 79-93 2868782-5 1986 An examination of the structure of various peptides that inhibit pyroglutamate aminopeptidase activity indicated that the enzyme generally prefers a substrate having amino-terminal pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) and a COOH-terminal that is either blocked or distant from amino-terminal pGlu. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 280-284 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 79-93 6394691-6 1984 Amino acid composition and sequence analyses confirmed the structure of this form of chicken LHRH as pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Gln-Pro-Gly-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 101-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 3788230-5 1986 Gastrin-34 (whose amino terminus corresponds to position 58 of preprogastrin) is formed by cyclization of glutamine to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid subsequent to cleavage at the double basis site. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-146 gastrin Homo sapiens 0-7 3788230-5 1986 Gastrin-34 (whose amino terminus corresponds to position 58 of preprogastrin) is formed by cyclization of glutamine to pyrrolidone carboxylic acid subsequent to cleavage at the double basis site. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 119-146 gastrin Homo sapiens 63-76 2417286-4 1985 The 850 dalton peak was also resolved on RP-HPLC into two peaks which were resistant to Edman degradation but from amino acid analysis and FAB-mass spectrometry criteria were identified as pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11 and oxidized pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 189-197 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 198-209 2417286-5 1985 In control experiments substance P 5-11 was converted to pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11 during the extraction procedure. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 57-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 23-34 2417286-5 1985 In control experiments substance P 5-11 was converted to pyro-Glu-substance P 5-11 during the extraction procedure. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 57-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 66-77 3997870-5 1985 The experimental complication associated with extracellular conversion of the gamma-glutamyl amino acid to amino acid and uptake of the latter by slices was overcome by using 5-oxoproline formation (catalyzed by intracellular gamma-glutamyl-cyclotransferase) as an indicator of gamma-glutamyl amino acid transport. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 175-187 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 226-257 16229164-5 1983 The "stability in vitro" toward enzymes of serum and brain homogenate of a new type of drug based on the combination of peptidic fragment of TRH-(Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone:pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) with a non peptide moiety (dopamine) is considered and discussed. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 176-180 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 141-175 2983326-11 1985 When the NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid was replaced with glutamic acid ([Glu1]LH-RH), ACE liberated almost exclusively the COOH-terminal tripeptide in 10 mM NaCl. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 22-39 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 2983326-11 1985 When the NH2-terminal pyroglutamic acid was replaced with glutamic acid ([Glu1]LH-RH), ACE liberated almost exclusively the COOH-terminal tripeptide in 10 mM NaCl. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 22-39 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 87-90 6427779-5 1984 The full sequence of chicken GnRH-II has been determined to be: pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr-Pro-Gly-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 64-68 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S26 Gallus gallus 29-36 6630202-6 1983 The 29-kDa domain has a blocked NH2-terminal (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) which was removed by digestion with pyroglutamate aminopeptidase, and the amino acid sequence of the first 36 residues was obtained. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 46-73 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 125-139 6351252-1 1983 A peptide that accumulated as the major product during the proteolysis of arginine vasopressin by rat brain synaptic membranes was isolated and its structure was shown to be the hexapeptide pGlu-Asn-Cys(Cys)-Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 190-194 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 83-94 6309326-2 1983 TRH analogs competed for the binding in the following rank order of potency: MeTRH greater than TRH greater than TRH-Gly-NH2 greater than Ser-His-Pro-NH2 greater than Thr-His-Pro-NH2 greater than pGlu-His-Pro-NH-C2H5 greater than TRH-free acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-3 6309326-2 1983 TRH analogs competed for the binding in the following rank order of potency: MeTRH greater than TRH greater than TRH-Gly-NH2 greater than Ser-His-Pro-NH2 greater than Thr-His-Pro-NH2 greater than pGlu-His-Pro-NH-C2H5 greater than TRH-free acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 79-82 6309326-2 1983 TRH analogs competed for the binding in the following rank order of potency: MeTRH greater than TRH greater than TRH-Gly-NH2 greater than Ser-His-Pro-NH2 greater than Thr-His-Pro-NH2 greater than pGlu-His-Pro-NH-C2H5 greater than TRH-free acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 79-82 6309326-2 1983 TRH analogs competed for the binding in the following rank order of potency: MeTRH greater than TRH greater than TRH-Gly-NH2 greater than Ser-His-Pro-NH2 greater than Thr-His-Pro-NH2 greater than pGlu-His-Pro-NH-C2H5 greater than TRH-free acid. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 79-82 6344654-11 1983 These metabolites and possibly LHRH are partially reabsorbed and undergo further intracellular degradation to produce pGlu. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 118-122 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 6377112-5 1984 Determination of GnRH cleavage sites was performed by amino acid analysis of the fragments obtained after incubation of the peptidase with (3H)-GnRH labelled on the pyroglutamic acid residue, in presence of carboxypeptidase and peptidyldipeptidase inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 165-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 6377112-5 1984 Determination of GnRH cleavage sites was performed by amino acid analysis of the fragments obtained after incubation of the peptidase with (3H)-GnRH labelled on the pyroglutamic acid residue, in presence of carboxypeptidase and peptidyldipeptidase inhibitors. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 165-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-148 6820171-3 1982 Of the TRH analogues studied, RX77368 (pGlu-His-3,3"-dimethyl-ProNH2) was the most potent in this behavioural test system. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 39-43 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 7-10 6126479-5 1982 These and earlier findings indicate that significant binding of the imino acid substrate requires a 5-carbonyl (or = NH), an unsubstituted N-1 and a C-2 of the L-configuration; substantial modification of 5-oxo-L-proline in the region of C-3 and C-4 is possible with retention of binding properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 205-220 complement C2 Homo sapiens 149-152 6126479-5 1982 These and earlier findings indicate that significant binding of the imino acid substrate requires a 5-carbonyl (or = NH), an unsubstituted N-1 and a C-2 of the L-configuration; substantial modification of 5-oxo-L-proline in the region of C-3 and C-4 is possible with retention of binding properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 205-220 complement C3 Homo sapiens 238-241 6126479-5 1982 These and earlier findings indicate that significant binding of the imino acid substrate requires a 5-carbonyl (or = NH), an unsubstituted N-1 and a C-2 of the L-configuration; substantial modification of 5-oxo-L-proline in the region of C-3 and C-4 is possible with retention of binding properties. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 205-220 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 246-249 6117008-2 1981 gamma-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase, an enzyme found in a number of animal tissues and cells, catalyzes the conversion of epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine to free lysine and 5-oxo-L-proline as well as the release of free amines and the formation of 5-oxo-L-proline from a variety of other L-gamma-glutamylamines. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-193 gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-36 6121802-2 1982 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes the coupled hydrolysis of ATP and 5-oxoproline to yield glutamate, ADP, and Pi; the reaction may be partially or completely uncoupled by structural modification of either substrate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 59-71 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 0-14 6121802-8 1982 The findings indicate that 5-oxoprolinase is a hysteretic enzyme, and are consistent with the hypothesis that in the normal catalytic reaction, the binding of both ATP and 5-oxo-proline to the enzyme induces a conformational change that brings the substrates into a juxtaposition that facilitates the reaction. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 172-185 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 27-41 6115861-2 1981 Rat kidney 5-oxo-L-prolinase catalyzes the endergonic hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to form L-glutamate; the reaction is driven by and dependent on the stoichiometric concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 68-83 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 11-28 6115861-2 1981 Rat kidney 5-oxo-L-prolinase catalyzes the endergonic hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to form L-glutamate; the reaction is driven by and dependent on the stoichiometric concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 85-100 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 11-28 6115861-2 1981 Rat kidney 5-oxo-L-prolinase catalyzes the endergonic hydrolysis of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to form L-glutamate; the reaction is driven by and dependent on the stoichiometric concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 102-131 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 11-28 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 122-139 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 122-139 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 141-158 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 141-158 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 164-168 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 164-168 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 178-182 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 6117008-2 1981 gamma-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase, an enzyme found in a number of animal tissues and cells, catalyzes the conversion of epsilon-(L-gamma-glutamyl)-L-lysine to free lysine and 5-oxo-L-proline as well as the release of free amines and the formation of 5-oxo-L-proline from a variety of other L-gamma-glutamylamines. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 253-268 gamma-glutamylamine cyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-36 6796786-1 1981 The histidine residue of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) offers the possibility of conjugating TRF to a macromolecule to produce TRF antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-64 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 25-53 6796786-1 1981 The histidine residue of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) offers the possibility of conjugating TRF to a macromolecule to produce TRF antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-64 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 55-58 6796786-1 1981 The histidine residue of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) offers the possibility of conjugating TRF to a macromolecule to produce TRF antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-64 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 116-119 6796786-1 1981 The histidine residue of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) offers the possibility of conjugating TRF to a macromolecule to produce TRF antibodies. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-64 thyrotropin releasing hormone Rattus norvegicus 116-119 6940159-1 1981 5-Oxo-L-prolinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline to L-glutamate coupled to the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi, also acts on L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (an analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur) and ATP to yield cysteine and ADP. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 63-78 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-17 6111350-1 1981 A chloromethyl ketone derivative of pyroglutamic acid was newly synthesized and its reactivity with bacterial pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase (L-pyroglutamyl-peptide hydrolas, EC 3.4.11.8) as an affinity labelling reagent was examined. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 36-53 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 123-137 6940159-1 1981 5-Oxo-L-prolinase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline to L-glutamate coupled to the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi, also acts on L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (an analog of 5-oxoproline in which the 4-methylene moiety is replaced by sulfur) and ATP to yield cysteine and ADP. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 201-213 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-17 6102105-4 1980 It is suggested that the only major pathway by which pyroglutamate may be formed in epidermal tissue is from L-glutamate by a 2-step reaction, the first involving the formation of a gamma-glutamyl peptide by the action of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, and the second cyclization of the gamma-glutamyl moiety by the action of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 53-66 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Cavia porcellus 331-362 6107299-9 1980 The findings indicate that gamma-glutamyl cyclo-transferase is a major in vivo catalyst for the formation of 5-oxoproline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 109-121 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 27-59 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-64 7019446-1 1981 Metabolic breakdown of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) could lead to the following fragments containing pyroglutamic acid: pyroglutamic acid (1), pGlu-His (2), pGLu-His-Trp (3), pGlu-His-Trp-Ser (4), etc., and finally pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly (10). Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 196-200 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 6107907-1 1980 gamma-Glutamylamine cyclotransferase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-gamma-glutamylamines to free amines and 5-oxo-L-proline, was found in rabbit kidney and in various other tissues. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 123-138 gamma-glutamylaminecyclotransferase Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-36 6106548-2 1980 It is known that gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase is present in many cells and may convert gamma-glutamylcysteine to 5-oxoproline and cysteine, but until now there has not been a credible explanation for the apparent suppression of the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase reaction during glutathione synthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-127 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 17-47 29601-12 1978 gamma-Glutamylcyclotransferase catalyses the formation of 5-oxoproline from gamma-glutamyl dipeptides. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 58-70 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 0-30 762075-3 1979 The NH2-terminal residue of CRP is pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid and the COOH terminus is proline. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 35-61 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 28-31 364062-4 1978 These results support the concept of an important interaction between the ends of the LH-RH molecule possibly involving hydrogen-bond formation between the pyrrolidone carbonyl group of pyroglutamic acid and the glycinamide group. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 186-203 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 239948-2 1975 5-Oxo-L-prolinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate; L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate coupled with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi, has been purified about 1600-fold from rat kidney. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 62-77 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-17 1261042-5 1976 The conversion of glutamate to 5-oxoproline occurred in two steps, catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase and gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase, respectively. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 31-43 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 119-150 1261042-9 1976 Therefore gamma-glutamyl-cysteine is produced in excessive amounts and it is subsequently converted to 5-oxoproline (and cysteine) by gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 103-115 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 134-165 411301-1 1977 The inactivation of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2, TRH) and its deamidated analogue pGlu-His-Pro-OH (TRH-OH) in human and rat serum has been studied using specific radioimmunoassays. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 52-56 thyrotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 120-123 12077-2 1976 Since this enzyme is not specific for cysteine, different gamma-glutamylamino acids may be formed in vivo which represent potential substrates for the enzymes gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase; in this way 5-oxo-L-proline and free amino acid are formed. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 203-218 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 159-189 12077-4 1976 The endogenous rate of 5-oxoproline production was 0.13 muM/min. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 23-35 latexin Homo sapiens 56-59 239948-2 1975 5-Oxo-L-prolinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate; L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate coupled with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi, has been purified about 1600-fold from rat kidney. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 79-94 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-17 239948-2 1975 5-Oxo-L-prolinase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate; L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate coupled with the cleavage of ATP to ADP and Pi, has been purified about 1600-fold from rat kidney. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 96-125 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 0-17 1181279-4 1975 A complete initial rate kinetic analysis of the forward reaction catalyzed by 5-oxoprolinase was carried out using 5-oxo-L-proline and MgATP2theta as substrates. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 115-130 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Rattus norvegicus 78-92 1112810-4 1975 These patients produce greater than normal amounts of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine, which is converted by the action of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase to 5-oxoproline; production of the latter compound exceeds the capacity of 5-oxoprolinase to convert it to glutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 150-162 gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase Homo sapiens 115-146 4152248-3 1974 Thus, 5-oxoproline is produced in amounts that exceed the normal capacity of 5-oxoprolinase to convert it to glutamate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 6-18 5-oxoprolinase, ATP-hydrolysing Homo sapiens 77-91 4151516-0 1974 Accumulation of 5-oxoproline in mouse tissues after inhibition of 5-oxoprolinase and administration of amino acids: evidence for function of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 16-28 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 66-80 4151516-1 1974 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and inorganic orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 43-58 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-14 4151516-1 1974 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and inorganic orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 60-75 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-14 4151516-1 1974 5-Oxoprolinase catalyzes the conversion of 5-oxo-L-proline (L-pyroglutamate, L-2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylate) to L-glutamate with concomitant stoichiometric cleavage of ATP to ADP and inorganic orthophosphate. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 77-106 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 0-14 4151516-2 1974 In this reaction, a step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, 5-oxoproline (formed by the action of gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase on gamma-glutamyl amino acids, which are in turn formed by transpeptidation of amino acids with glutathione), is made available for glutathione synthesis. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 54-66 gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase Mus musculus 92-122 4151516-3 1974 When mice are injected with L-2-imidazolidone-4-carboxylate, a competitive inhibitor of 5-oxoprolinase, they accumulate 5-oxoproline in their tissues (kidney, liver, brain, and eye) and excrete it in the urine. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 120-132 5-oxoprolinase (ATP-hydrolysing) Mus musculus 88-102 4674626-0 1972 The formation of pyrrolid-2-one-5-carboxylic acid at the N-terminus of immunoglobulin G heavy chain. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 17-49 immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-62 Mus musculus 71-87 4674626-5 1972 (3) Further double-labelling experiments showed that 60-66% of the heavy chains of the completed intracellular IgG molecule began with pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid after both 1 and 5h of labelling. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 135-161 immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-62 Mus musculus 111-114 4628357-0 1972 Micro method for determination of blocked NH 2 - terminal amino acids of protein: application to identification of acetylserine of phosphoglycerate kinase and pyroglutamic acid of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid 159-176 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 180-213