PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
25331548-0	2014	Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-gamma and IL-17 production.	Lactose	0-7	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	75-91
25331548-0	2014	Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-gamma and IL-17 production.	Lactose	0-7	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	96-101
25331548-1	2014	Our interest in lactose as an immunomodulatory molecule results from studies showing that lactose binds to galectin-9, which has been shown to have various regulatory functions in the immune system including regulation of T-cell responses.	Lactose	16-23	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	107-117
25331548-1	2014	Our interest in lactose as an immunomodulatory molecule results from studies showing that lactose binds to galectin-9, which has been shown to have various regulatory functions in the immune system including regulation of T-cell responses.	Lactose	90-97	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	107-117
25331548-6	2014	Treg and Teff at a ratio 1:5 were activated and the effects of lactose on the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-17 were analysed using ELISA for protein and quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA.	Lactose	63-70	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	91-107
25331548-6	2014	Treg and Teff at a ratio 1:5 were activated and the effects of lactose on the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-17 were analysed using ELISA for protein and quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA.	Lactose	63-70	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	109-118
25331548-8	2014	We showed that lactose inhibits human Treg-mediated suppression of Th1 and Th17 immune responses in vitro.	Lactose	15-22	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	67-70
25444767-0	2014	(1)H NMR analysis of the lactose/beta-galactosidase-derived galacto-oligosaccharide components of Vivinal  GOS up to DP5.	Lactose	25-32	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
25444767-0	2014	(1)H NMR analysis of the lactose/beta-galactosidase-derived galacto-oligosaccharide components of Vivinal  GOS up to DP5.	Lactose	25-32	harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein	Homo sapiens	117-120
25341013-1	2014	The lactose repressor, LacI, finds its DNA target sites via a process that is faster than what it is expected from a diffusion-driven mechanism.	Lactose	4-11	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	23-27
24854997-8	2014	Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding.	Lactose	99-106	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-22
25367122-8	2014	Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated, however, that binding of lactose to gal-7 was inhibited by the R74S mutation.	Lactose	119-126	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	130-135
24734931-2	2014	Lactose intolerance (LI) is caused when gastrointestinal symptoms develop in individuals with low lactase activity.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	98-105
24854997-8	2014	Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding.	Lactose	99-106	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	55-60
25226021-9	2014	While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows.	Lactose	182-189	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	6-10
25226021-9	2014	While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows.	Lactose	182-189	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	109-113
25263933-6	2014	Under the simulated intestinal condition, the enteric coating dissolved rapidly and released the beta-galactosidase-loaded PLA NCs, which exhibited greater stability against enzymatic degradation and higher hydrolysis ratio (~100%) towards milk lactose than the free beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	245-252	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-115
25264706-7	2014	The inhibitory effects of galectin-9 on osteoclastogenesis was negated by the addition of beta-lactose, an antagonist for galectin binding, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of galectin-9 was mediated through CRD.	Lactose	90-102	galectin 9	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
25264706-7	2014	The inhibitory effects of galectin-9 on osteoclastogenesis was negated by the addition of beta-lactose, an antagonist for galectin binding, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of galectin-9 was mediated through CRD.	Lactose	90-102	galectin 9	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
25189831-3	2014	We demonstrated the efficacy of PET imaging with an (18)F-labelled lactose derivative, [(18)F]FEDL, that targets HIP/PAP, a biomarker that is overexpressed in the peritumoural pancreas.	Lactose	67-74	phospholipid phosphatase 1	Mus musculus	113-120
25336511-3	2014	Silver nanoparticles (nAg) were immobilized in lactose-modified chitosan (Chitlac) to prepare the bacteriostatic coatings.	Lactose	47-54	NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex	Homo sapiens	22-25
25105231-2	2014	The enzyme had peak activity at pH 5.0 and 40-50 C. TBG1 was active on beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-galactobiose and lactose.	Lactose	115-122	beta-galactosidase	Solanum lycopersicum	52-56
25505833-4	2014	Lactase encoded by the LCT gene is necessary for lactose digestion.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
25505833-4	2014	Lactase encoded by the LCT gene is necessary for lactose digestion.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-26
25174499-3	2014	Lactose, galactose and glucose units were coupled to LHRH peptide, and the impact of glucose transporters, GLUT2 and SGLT1, was investigated in the transport of the analogues.	Lactose	0-7	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
25130399-6	2014	Liver Ndufs4 deletion causes a metabolic shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, accumulating fatty acids and lactate (FA/LAC) in the circulation.	Lactose	129-132	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	6-12
25138772-0	2014	Lactose-functionalized dendrimers arbitrate the interaction of galectin-3/MUC1 mediated cancer cellular aggregation.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
25138772-0	2014	Lactose-functionalized dendrimers arbitrate the interaction of galectin-3/MUC1 mediated cancer cellular aggregation.	Lactose	0-7	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	74-78
25138772-2	2014	We found that small lactose-functionalized G(2)-dendrimer 1 inhibited galectin-3-induced aggregation of the cancer cells.	Lactose	20-27	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	70-80
25130399-7	2014	FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion.	Lactose	3-6	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	25-31
25130399-7	2014	FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion.	Lactose	3-6	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	135-141
25130399-7	2014	FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion.	Lactose	3-6	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	135-141
25130399-7	2014	FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion.	Lactose	3-6	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	234-240
24756060-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Lactase persistence is an inherited autosomal dominant trait that confers the ability to digest lactose after weaning.	Lactose	108-115	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
24930850-4	2014	beta-CD-LA on HMSNs could also act as a targeting agent towards tumor cells (i.e., HepG2 cells), since the lactose group in beta-CD-LA is a specific ligand binding with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on HepG2 cells.	Lactose	107-114	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	173-200
24930850-4	2014	beta-CD-LA on HMSNs could also act as a targeting agent towards tumor cells (i.e., HepG2 cells), since the lactose group in beta-CD-LA is a specific ligand binding with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on HepG2 cells.	Lactose	107-114	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	202-208
24756060-2	2014	Lactose persistence is caused by single nucleotide variants in a regulatory element for the lactase gene (LCT).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	92-99
24756060-2	2014	Lactose persistence is caused by single nucleotide variants in a regulatory element for the lactase gene (LCT).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	106-109
25095792-4	2014	RESULTS: Three different molecular weight glycans (lactose and two dextrans with 1 kD and 10 kD) were chemically coupled to surface exposed Cyt c lysine (Lys) residues using succinimidyl chemistry via amide bonds.	Lactose	51-58	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	140-145
25226304-4	2014	We illustrate the experimental conditions allowing the study of interaction of lactose repressor (lacI), labeled with Atto532, with a DNA molecule containing specific target sequences (operators) for LacI binding.	Lactose	79-86	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	98-102
25226304-4	2014	We illustrate the experimental conditions allowing the study of interaction of lactose repressor (lacI), labeled with Atto532, with a DNA molecule containing specific target sequences (operators) for LacI binding.	Lactose	79-86	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	200-204
24880807-6	2014	The lactose in the permeate could be concentrated by the NF45 membrane and recycled into the EMR.	Lactose	4-11	interleukin enhancer binding factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
24712389-0	2014	Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration.	Lactose	95-102	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	33-51
24712389-0	2014	Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration.	Lactose	95-102	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	53-58
24797098-3	2014	beta-Galactosidase encapsulated in these NPs was well protected from external proteolysis and exerted high hydrolytic activity on the permeable lactose.	Lactose	144-151	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-18
25423754-3	2014	The fusion protein TAT-Cygb, whose expression was induced by lactose, was purified by CM Sepharose Fast Flow Protocol and verified by Western blotting.	Lactose	61-68	cytoglobin	Homo sapiens	23-27
25161713-3	2014	Here, we show that lactose-functionalized dendrimers interact with galectin-3 in a multivalent fashion to form aggregates.	Lactose	19-26	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	67-77
24809963-1	2014	Lactose intolerance in northern Europeans is strongly associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located 14 kb upstream of the human lactase gene: -13,910 C/T.	Lactose	0-7	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	145-152
25009983-8	2014	When Pten was overexpressed, proliferation of DCMECs and concentrations for beta-casein, triglyceride, and lactose were significantly decreased.	Lactose	107-114	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Bos taurus	5-9
25009983-11	2014	Introduction of prolactin (PRL) increased secretion of beta-casein, triglyceride, and lactose, but decreased Pten expression levels.	Lactose	86-93	prolactin	Bos taurus	16-25
24726632-0	2014	Quantifying the release of lactose from polymer matrix tablets with an amperometric biosensor utilizing cellobiose dehydrogenase.	Lactose	27-34	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	104-128
24819139-7	2014	Compared with purebred HO, crossbred cows produced less milk with lower lactose content, higher fat and protein content, and a tendency for higher casein content.	Lactose	72-79	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	56-60
24726632-4	2014	A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response.	Lactose	77-84	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	23-47
24726632-4	2014	A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response.	Lactose	77-84	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	49-52
24679333-4	2014	Homeorhesis leads to an increase in the synthesis of glucose that is irreversibly lost to milk lactose.	Lactose	95-102	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	90-94
24991705-0	2014	Amperometric detection of lactose using beta-galactosidase immobilized in layer-by-layer films.	Lactose	26-33	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-58
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	86-93	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	109-127
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	86-93	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	168-175	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	109-127
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	168-175	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	168-175	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	109-127
24991705-2	2014	In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	168-175	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
24991705-4	2014	With an ITO/PB/(PEI/PVS)1(PEI/beta-Gal)30 architecture, lactose could be determined with an amperometric method with sensitivity of 0.31 muA mmol(-1) cm(-2) and detection limit of 1.13 mmol L(-1), which is sufficient for detecting lactose in milk and for clinical exams.	Lactose	56-63	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	30-38
24991705-6	2014	Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy data for the interface between the LbL film and a buffer containing lactose indicated that beta-Gal lost order, which is the first demonstration of structural effects induced by the molecular recognition interaction with lactose.	Lactose	106-113	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
24991705-6	2014	Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy data for the interface between the LbL film and a buffer containing lactose indicated that beta-Gal lost order, which is the first demonstration of structural effects induced by the molecular recognition interaction with lactose.	Lactose	259-266	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-137
24607205-3	2014	This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with polylactic acid (PLA), and subsequent reaction with lactose, leading to PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer.	Lactose	191-198	ectodysplasin-A	Mus musculus	129-132
24809485-5	2014	Further, we utilized central composite design to predict the optimum combination of variables (cell density before induction, lactose concentration, post-induction temperature and post-induction time) for the expression of mRANKL.	Lactose	126-133	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	223-229
24809485-7	2014	The best combination of response variables was 0.6 OD600, 7.5 mM lactose, 26 C post-induction temperature and 5 h post-induction time that produced 52.4 mg/L of fusion mRANKL.	Lactose	65-72	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	168-174
24695892-5	2014	The increasing pH as the yogurt enters the small intestine and a slower gastrointestinal transit time allow the bacterial lactase to be active, digesting lactose from yogurt sufficiently to prevent symptoms in lactose-intolerant people.	Lactose	154-161	lactase	Homo sapiens	122-129
24809457-4	2014	The activation was dependent on the sugar-binding properties of Gal-3, since the antagonist lactose could inhibit it.	Lactose	92-99	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-69
24755679-7	2014	We conclude that the modified bacterial lac operon system can be used successfully to validate transgenic phenotypes through a simple breeding schedule with mice homozygous for the LacI(R) protein.	Lactose	40-43	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Mus musculus	181-185
24736570-4	2014	Firstly, we described the one-pot enzymatic galactosylation of lactose modified enkephalin in the presence of uridine-5"-diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase and lipopolysaccharyl alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	63-70	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	174-205
24629264-5	2014	Biochemical characterization revealed that the beta-galactosidase activity of Glyt110 toward o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose were identified to be 314+-18.3 and 32+-2.7 U/mg, correspondingly.	Lactose	143-150	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	47-65
24567334-5	2014	Down-regulation of Gal3 protein or incubation with lactose, a galactose-containing disaccharide that competitively inhibits galectin binding to Dsg2, decreased intercellular adhesion in intestinal epithelial cells.	Lactose	51-58	desmoglein 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
24448642-2	2014	Lactase is necessary for the digestion of lactose--the main carbohydrate in milk--and its production is downregulated after the weaning period in most humans and all other mammals studied.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
24630847-1	2014	In humans, the ability to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, declines after weaning because of decreasing levels of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, encoded by LCT.	Lactose	33-40	lactase	Homo sapiens	127-154
24630847-2	2014	However, some individuals maintain high enzyme amounts and are able to digest lactose into adulthood (i.e., they have the lactase-persistence [LP] trait).	Lactose	78-85	lactase	Homo sapiens	122-129
24631362-5	2014	The structure of human galectin-9 NCRD co-crystallized with 6-MeSe-lactose was determined with single/multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD/MAD) phasing and was similar to that of the co-crystal with natural lactose.	Lactose	67-74	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	23-33
23808383-15	2014	Feeding DDGS significantly increased milk lactose concentration (4.91%) in relation to control (4.81%).	Lactose	42-49	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	37-41
24621206-7	2014	Lactose was detected at V1 and increased to 0.1 mM/mM creatinine at V2.	Lactose	0-7	nibrin	Homo sapiens	21-26
24621206-7	2014	Lactose was detected at V1 and increased to 0.1 mM/mM creatinine at V2.	Lactose	0-7	nibrin	Homo sapiens	65-70
24465990-3	2014	In mammals, lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes the milk sugar lactose, is normally down-regulated after weaning, but at least five human populations around the world have independently evolved mutations regulating the expression of the lactase-phlorizin-hydrolase gene.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
25039174-3	2014	The results showed that the modified extract, prepared by Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma extract grinding 5 min with the same amount of lactose UP2, which hygroscopic initial velocity, acceleration, and critical relative humidity moisture were less than that of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma extract and the mixture dramatically.	Lactose	143-150	uroplakin 2	Homo sapiens	151-154
24503541-3	2014	Gal-1 significantly increased motility after a 24-h incubation, and this effect was inhibited by beta-lactose.	Lactose	97-109	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
24503541-5	2014	Gal-1 decreased the expression of collagen genes COL3A1 (COL-3) and COL5A1 (COL-5) but increased the expression of fibronectin (FN) and laminin 5 (LM-5), that were reversed by beta-lactose.	Lactose	176-188	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
24503541-6	2014	Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2.	Lactose	109-121	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
24503541-6	2014	Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2.	Lactose	109-121	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	40-45
24503541-6	2014	Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2.	Lactose	109-121	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	51-61
24503541-6	2014	Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2.	Lactose	109-121	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
24503541-6	2014	Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2.	Lactose	109-121	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	42-45
24411444-9	2014	Finally, PNIPAAm-beta-galactosidase was tested to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose solution.	Lactose	91-98	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	17-35
24465990-3	2014	In mammals, lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes the milk sugar lactose, is normally down-regulated after weaning, but at least five human populations around the world have independently evolved mutations regulating the expression of the lactase-phlorizin-hydrolase gene.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Homo sapiens	237-264
24294910-7	2014	Cyt c lysine residues were modified with lactose at a lactose-to-protein molar ratio of 3.7 +- 0.9 using mono(lactosylamido)-mono(succinimidyl) suberate linker chemistry.	Lactose	41-48	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	0-5
24381100-2	2014	This study aimed at evaluating the function of goat GLUT4 on glucose absorption and the effect of GLUT4 on lactose synthesis in goat mammary gland epithelial (GMGE) cells.	Lactose	107-114	GLUT4	Capra hircus	98-103
24221747-8	2014	In addition to its primary presence on the plasma membrane, GLUT1 is also expressed on the Golgi membrane of mammary epithelial cells and is likely involved in facilitating the uptake of glucose and galactose to the site of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	201-208	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
24451248-5	2014	The interaction of lactose-substituted phthalocyanine with bovine serum albumin displays obvious differences to that of glucose- substituted phthalocyanine.	Lactose	19-26	albumin	Mus musculus	66-79
24294910-7	2014	Cyt c lysine residues were modified with lactose at a lactose-to-protein molar ratio of 3.7 +- 0.9 using mono(lactosylamido)-mono(succinimidyl) suberate linker chemistry.	Lactose	54-61	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	0-5
24294910-11	2014	Attachment of the four lactose molecules reversed this increased susceptibility and protected Cyt c from proteolytic degradation.	Lactose	23-30	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	94-99
24294910-12	2014	Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c.	Lactose	121-128	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	25-34
24294910-12	2014	Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c.	Lactose	121-128	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	115-120
24294910-12	2014	Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c.	Lactose	121-128	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	115-120
24294910-15	2014	While MSN-SPDP-Cyt c did not induced cell death, the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate induced significant cell death after 72 h, reducing HeLa cell viability to 67% and 45% at the 25 mug/mL and 37.5 mug/mL concentrations, respectively.	Lactose	59-66	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	53-58
24294910-16	2014	Confocal microscopy confirmed that the MSN immobilized Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate was internalized by HeLa cells and that the bioconjugate was capable of endosomal escape.	Lactose	61-68	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	55-60
24210051-2	2014	In the present work, 17 nm sized iron oxide cores functionalized with anionic MLs bearing lactose moieties were used for targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r), which is highly expressed in hepatocytes.	Lactose	90-97	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	135-162
25049937-8	2014	Increased GH stimulates the lipolytic effects and hepatic glucose synthesis to meet the energy requirement for mammary lactose synthesis, suggesting that GH antagonizes insulin-dependent glucose uptake and attenuates insulin action to decrease gluconeogenesis.	Lactose	119-126	insulin	Bos taurus	217-224
24210051-2	2014	In the present work, 17 nm sized iron oxide cores functionalized with anionic MLs bearing lactose moieties were used for targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r), which is highly expressed in hepatocytes.	Lactose	90-97	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	164-170
25096822-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Lactase non-persistence (LNP), or primary hypolactasia, is a genetic condition that mediates lactose malabsorption and can cause lactose intolerance.	Lactose	120-127	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
25013804-3	2014	Hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized lactase is an industrial solution.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	37-44
25548567-0	2014	Quantitation of alpha-Lactalbumin by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Medicinal Adjuvant Lactose.	Lactose	106-113	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	16-33
25548567-3	2014	The present paper describes a sensitive and specific LC-MS method for the determination of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) in lactose samples.	Lactose	123-130	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	91-108
25548567-3	2014	The present paper describes a sensitive and specific LC-MS method for the determination of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) in lactose samples.	Lactose	123-130	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	110-118
24239074-2	2014	In one embodiment of active food packaging, lactase was covalently immobilized onto packaging films for in-package lactose hydrolysis.	Lactose	115-122	lactase	Homo sapiens	44-51
24174213-0	2014	Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method.	Lactose	65-72	interleukin 24	Homo sapiens	47-61
25744420-2	2014	In this study, we investigated whether thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones enhanced the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene, an intestine-specific gene that encodes an enzyme for lactose digestion, in small intestinal stem-like IEC-6 cells co-transfected with CDX-2 and HNF-1alpha using a retrovirus system.	Lactose	196-203	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	102-129
25744420-2	2014	In this study, we investigated whether thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones enhanced the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene, an intestine-specific gene that encodes an enzyme for lactose digestion, in small intestinal stem-like IEC-6 cells co-transfected with CDX-2 and HNF-1alpha using a retrovirus system.	Lactose	196-203	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
24878975-12	2014	Lactose-rich diet, which was previously reported to have ameliorated the clinical symptoms in some PGM1-CDG patients, did not result in any improvement in our patient.	Lactose	0-7	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
24717697-6	2014	RESULTS: Only whole and whole lactose-free milk kept pH above the demineralization threshold, inducing the lowest demineralization in both enamel and dentin (P<.05).	Lactose	30-37	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	43-47
24717697-8	2014	Whole and whole lactose-free milk produced lower biomass and less insoluble polysaccharides than the other treatments in enamel and dentin (P<.05).	Lactose	16-23	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	29-33
24091988-6	2013	However, in lactating mice treated with E. coli or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intramammary injection of bovine PLA2G1B relieved visual and histological inflammation and reduced blood levels of infiltrating lactose.	Lactose	205-212	phospholipase A2 group IB	Bos taurus	110-117
24246949-4	2014	We recently observed a synergistic induction of LL-37 expression by stimulating the colonic epithelial cell-line HT-29 with lactose and phenylbutyrate (PBA).	Lactose	124-131	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	48-53
24246949-9	2014	Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase.	Lactose	30-37	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	98-114
24246949-9	2014	Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase.	Lactose	30-37	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	116-132
24246949-9	2014	Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase.	Lactose	30-37	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase	Homo sapiens	136-153
24356704-11	2014	Exogenous galectin-3 significantly enhances wound healing in the corneal explants, which was partially inhibited by beta-lactose.	Lactose	116-128	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	10-20
24339181-1	2013	Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose, and in most mammals, including most humans, lactase activity is down-regulated after the weaning period is completed.	Lactose	54-61	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
24339181-1	2013	Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose, and in most mammals, including most humans, lactase activity is down-regulated after the weaning period is completed.	Lactose	54-61	lactase	Homo sapiens	107-114
23993196-4	2013	Here we examine the LCT enhancer sequence in a large lactose-tolerance-tested Ethiopian cohort of more than 350 individuals.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Homo sapiens	20-23
24085305-11	2013	Binding to monocytes was partially blocked by beta-lactose, indicating that optimally glycosylated LILRA3 might be critical for ligand binding and function.	Lactose	46-58	leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor A3	Homo sapiens	99-105
23931694-4	2013	Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions.	Lactose	110-117	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	184-202
23931694-4	2013	Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions.	Lactose	155-162	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	184-202
23931694-4	2013	Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions.	Lactose	155-162	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	184-202
23993196-5	2013	We show that a further SNP, -14009T>G (ss 820486563), is significantly associated with lactose-digester status, and in vitro functional tests confirm that the -14009(*)G allele also increases expression of an LCT promoter construct.	Lactose	90-97	lactase	Homo sapiens	212-215
23993196-6	2013	The derived alleles in the LCT enhancer region are spread through several ethnic groups, and we report a greater genetic diversity in lactose digesters than in nondigesters.	Lactose	134-141	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-30
23816697-3	2013	A recent animal study showed that the respiratory quotient changed significantly after ingestion of sucrose and lactose in naturally lactase-deficient rats.	Lactose	112-119	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	133-140
23885046-9	2013	Energy-adjusted intakes of total calcium and lactose and circulating 25(OH)D were correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure or arterial pressure and with parathyroid hormone.	Lactose	45-52	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	162-181
23913618-1	2013	Lactase persistence (LP)-the ability to digest lactose in adulthood-is paradigmatic of Holocenic dietary change affecting the evolutionary trajectory of specific populations.	Lactose	47-54	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
23574334-11	2013	Lactase is also temporarily lost in rotavirus and Escherichia coli childhood diarrhoea and persistent diarrhoea is consequently best treated with lactose-free diets.	Lactose	146-153	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
23479116-3	2013	We aimed to understand how lactase persistence influenced obesity-related traits by observing the relationships among lactose consumption, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the lactase (LCT) gene and body composition parameters in a sample of multiethnic children (n = 296, 7-12 years old).	Lactose	118-125	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
23479116-4	2013	We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption.	Lactose	193-200	lactase	Homo sapiens	42-49
23479116-4	2013	We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption.	Lactose	193-200	lactase	Homo sapiens	81-84
23710780-6	2013	This recycling process is accompanied by transient interaction of galectin-3 with detergent insoluble membrane microdomains in a lactose- and pH-dependent manner.	Lactose	129-136	galectin 3	Canis lupus familiaris	66-76
23977277-4	2013	Addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-3 binding activity, to the cell culture system, transiently disrupted barrier function.	Lactose	12-24	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-76
23834731-2	2013	This metabolic switch is mediated by the lac repressor (LacI), which in the absence of lactose binds to the operator DNA sequence to inhibit transcription.	Lactose	87-94	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	56-60
23834731-6	2013	However, the leakiness of LacI that is essential for the natural function of the lac operon leads to an increased energetic burden, and potentially toxicity, in heterologous protein production.	Lactose	81-84	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	26-30
23657851-7	2013	Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin.	Lactose	145-152	galectin-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-10
23657851-7	2013	Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin.	Lactose	145-152	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-33
23657851-7	2013	Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin.	Lactose	145-152	deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	228-234
23621358-2	2013	This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-dl-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with polylactic acid (PLA), and subsequent reaction with lactose, obtaining PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer.	Lactose	190-197	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	128-131
23775268-5	2013	As a promising alternative to the chemical method, enzymatic conversion of lactose into lactulose by beta-galactosidase or cellobiose 2-epimerase has recently gained a great deal of attention.	Lactose	75-82	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-119
23280610-3	2013	Deficiency of galectin-3, either hereditary or induced through application of chemical inhibitors, beta-lactose or TD139, supported survival and function of islet beta cells compromised by TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + IL-1beta stimulus.	Lactose	99-111	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	14-24
23280610-4	2013	Similarly, inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose or TD139 reduced cytokine-triggered apoptosis of beta cells, leading to conclusion that endogenous galectin-3 propagates beta apoptosis in the presence of an inflammatory milieu.	Lactose	39-51	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	25-35
23280610-4	2013	Similarly, inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose or TD139 reduced cytokine-triggered apoptosis of beta cells, leading to conclusion that endogenous galectin-3 propagates beta apoptosis in the presence of an inflammatory milieu.	Lactose	39-51	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	151-161
23416931-7	2013	Lactose affinity chromatography coupled with gel filtration co-purified the two cod galectin-1 proteins, which hemagglutinated horse red blood cells in a lactose inhibitable manner.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 1	Equus caballus	84-94
23858977-3	2013	This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(succinyl) sodium salt (DPPE), and subsequent reaction with lactose, obtaining PHEA-EDA-DPPE-GAL copolymer.	Lactose	249-256	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	128-131
23724114-5	2013	Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively.	Lactose	125-132	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Capra hircus	5-10
23724114-5	2013	Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively.	Lactose	125-132	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12	Capra hircus	15-21
23724114-5	2013	Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively.	Lactose	125-132	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Capra hircus	15-20
23724114-5	2013	Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively.	Lactose	125-132	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12	Capra hircus	153-159
23411285-1	2013	Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), an important class of functional food, are commonly produced from lactose using beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	98-105	MFS transporter	Saccharolobus solfataricus	112-130
23647496-3	2013	Herein we describe the development of an active package in which lactase is covalently attached to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) for in-package production of lactose-free dairy products.	Lactose	160-167	lactase	Homo sapiens	65-72
24917953-5	2013	Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, lactase expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract.	Lactose	52-59	lactase	Homo sapiens	102-109
23416931-7	2013	Lactose affinity chromatography coupled with gel filtration co-purified the two cod galectin-1 proteins, which hemagglutinated horse red blood cells in a lactose inhibitable manner.	Lactose	154-161	galectin 1	Equus caballus	84-94
23506957-6	2013	Both distance and surface area attributes of particle dispersion had significant negative correlations with Hausner ratio and Carr"s index values of lactose.	Lactose	149-156	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	126-130
23376190-0	2013	Lactose binding to human galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) induces long-range effects through the protein resulting in increased dimer stability and evidence for positive cooperativity.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	25-35
23376190-0	2013	Lactose binding to human galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) induces long-range effects through the protein resulting in increased dimer stability and evidence for positive cooperativity.	Lactose	0-7	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	37-40
23376190-3	2013	In concert, our results indicate that lactose binding to human Gal-7 induces long-range effects (minor conformational shifts and changes in structural dynamics) throughout the protein that result in stabilization of the dimer state, with evidence for positive cooperativity.	Lactose	38-45	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	63-68
23376190-4	2013	Monte Carlo fits of (15)N-Gal-7 HSQC titrations with lactose using a two-site model yield K1 = 0.9 +- 0.6 x 10(3) M(-1) and K2 = 3.4 +- 0.8 x 10(3) M(-1).	Lactose	53-60	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	26-31
23376190-5	2013	Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	323-330	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	44-49
23376190-5	2013	Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	462-469	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	44-49
23376190-5	2013	Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	462-469	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	44-49
23486479-3	2013	beta-Galactosidase promotes the isomerization by means of an acceptor site that binds glucose after its cleavage from lactose and thus delays its exit from the site.	Lactose	118-125	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
23506957-8	2013	Unlike insensitive Hausner ratio and Carr"s index, an increase in elongation property of lactose particles was detectable through reduced powder weight loss from gas-pressurized dispersion as a result of susceptible particle blockage at orifice.	Lactose	89-96	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
22807302-9	2013	Lactase was an acid lactase similar to the type linked with human lactose intolerance.	Lactose	66-73	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
23329127-5	2013	Biosensors for cellobiose, lactose and glucose determination are based on CDH from different fungal producers, which show differences with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, DET efficiency and surface binding affinity.	Lactose	27-34	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	74-77
23510298-1	2013	The pH dependence of the beta-galactoside binding activity of human galectin-1 (hGal-1) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy using lactose as a ligand.	Lactose	140-147	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
23510298-1	2013	The pH dependence of the beta-galactoside binding activity of human galectin-1 (hGal-1) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy using lactose as a ligand.	Lactose	140-147	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
23241817-8	2013	In the 2011-2012 season, the daily mean lactose content of this wastewater varied significantly, from 0.0 to 8.0% w/v (0-233,712 muM) and equated to substantial total losses of lactose over a 6-month period.	Lactose	40-47	latexin	Homo sapiens	129-132
24058804-6	2013	(4) (,) (5) On the other hand, the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential for the synthesis of other milk components such as lipids and lactose.	Lactose	127-134	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
23543535-4	2013	Lactase preparations could potentially be used to hydrolyse lactose in formulas and breast milk to minimize lactose malabsorption in preterm infants.	Lactose	60-67	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
23122115-0	2013	Batch and continuous synthesis of lactulose from whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	54-61	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-95
23353997-0	2013	Optimization of lactulose synthesis from whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase.	Lactose	46-53	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-87
23353997-1	2013	In the present study, commercially available whey was used as a lactose source, and immobilized beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase were used to synthesize lactulose from whey lactose in the absence of fructose.	Lactose	181-188	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	96-114
23232447-9	2013	Moreover, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal-1 affinity for lactose, indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal-1 as a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding.	Lactose	126-133	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
23232447-9	2013	Moreover, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal-1 affinity for lactose, indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal-1 as a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding.	Lactose	126-133	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	178-183
23280962-2	2013	A bifunctional conjugate with lactose and an inhibitor for MMPs is able to bind MMP and Gal-3 simultaneously.	Lactose	30-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	88-93
22794932-4	2013	The sensitivity at 0.700V was (1.94+-0.03) mAM(-1) (r=0.9991), with a linear range between 0.25 and 5.00mM, a detection limit of 2.2muM and a quantification limit of 6.7muM with minimum interference from lactose (1.5%), maltose (5.7%), galactose (1.2%), ascorbic acid (1.0%), and uric acid (3.3%).	Lactose	204-211	mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 1	Mus musculus	43-49
23122115-2	2013	In the batch system, the optimal concentration of fructose for lactulose synthesis was 20%, and the effect of galactose, glucose and fructose on beta-galactosidase activity was determined for hydrolysis of whey lactose and the transgalactosylation reaction for lactulose synthesis.	Lactose	112-119	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	145-163
24861860-2	2013	Lactase is the enzyme that carries out the digestion of the milk sugar lactose.	Lactose	71-78	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
23031579-10	2013	Lactose synthesis was regulated at the transcriptional level by downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin mRNA levels in both biopsy samples (-30%) and milk MEC (-74%).	Lactose	0-7	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	82-99
24443063-2	2013	The role of lactase-persistence alleles the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption the development of lactose intolerance symptoms and its management.	Lactose	57-64	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
24443075-6	2013	The mean cost for C13--Urea, Lactulose and Lactose BT are, respectively, Euros 30,59; 45,20 and 30,29.	Lactose	43-50	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	18-21
24054306-7	2013	Milk protein content was increased in wk 2 and 4 of Q administration compared with basal values, whereas fat and lactose contents of milk remained unchanged.	Lactose	113-120	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	133-137
24089653-13	2013	Compared to PC1, PC2 exhibited lower pH, pO2, and Na(+) levels, a higher PLT count, and increased pCO2, K(+), Lac, and CD62P expression levels.	Lactose	110-113	polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel	Homo sapiens	17-20
23735749-6	2013	Galectin-9 was neutralized using lactose or a TIM-3-Fc fusion protein.	Lactose	33-40	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	0-10
22707060-4	2013	RESULTS: Different template/monomer ratios were studied and the optimised imprinted hydrogel (MIP2), with a lactose/methacrylamide ratio of 1:8, was selected in a rebinding test.	Lactose	108-115	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
22707060-5	2013	In Scatchard analysis of MIP2-lactose interactions, the dissociation constant and maximum binding sites were 0.33 mmol L-1 and 67.76 micromol g-1 hydrogel, respectively.	Lactose	30-37	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	25-29
22707060-6	2013	The selectivity of MIP2 for lactose in aqueous media was also evaluated in comparison with different mono- and disaccharides.	Lactose	28-35	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
22707060-7	2013	The data showed that the affinity of MIP2 for lactose is significantly higher than other saccharides.	Lactose	46-53	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
22707060-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that MIP2, as an optimised imprinted hydrogel, can effectively bind lactose and decrease its concentration in milk.	Lactose	103-110	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
23326523-7	2013	Lactose also induced CAMP in the colonic epithelial cell line T84 and in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages.	Lactose	0-7	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	21-25
23555773-8	2013	BGA and BGB showed higher affinity than LacNAc and lactose due to generally stronger hydrogen bond interactions and water mediated hydrogen bonds with alpha1-2 fucose respectively.	Lactose	51-58	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	151-159
23739212-9	2013	Moreover, there was a significantly higher intake of lactose in men without insulin resistance compared with those with insulin resistance.	Lactose	53-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
22980818-10	2012	Thus, this analytical method is suitable for sensitive lactose quantification in milk systems of less than 10 mgL(-1).	Lactose	55-62	LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1	Homo sapiens	110-116
22395907-0	2012	Lactococcus lactis expressing food-grade beta-galactosidase alleviates lactose intolerance symptoms in post-weaning Balb/c mice.	Lactose	71-78	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	41-59
22395907-1	2012	The endogenous beta-galactosidase expressed in intestinal microbes is demonstrated to help humans in lactose usage, and treatment associated with the promotion of beneficial microorganism in the gut is correlated with lactose tolerance.	Lactose	101-108	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-33
22395907-1	2012	The endogenous beta-galactosidase expressed in intestinal microbes is demonstrated to help humans in lactose usage, and treatment associated with the promotion of beneficial microorganism in the gut is correlated with lactose tolerance.	Lactose	218-225	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-33
22395907-2	2012	From this point, a kind of recombinant live beta-galactosidase delivery system using food-grade protein expression techniques and selected probiotics as vehicle was promoted by us for the purpose of application in lactose intolerance subjects.	Lactose	214-221	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	44-62
23176158-8	2012	Lactose either alone or in combination with glycerol supported consistent biliverdin IXalpha production by strain BL21(mHO1) (up to an average of 23.	Lactose	0-7	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	119-123
22964399-9	2012	Storage did not significantly affect aerosol performance, however a rank increase in mean FPF value was observed for uncoated and EC coated lactose.	Lactose	140-147	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	90-93
22949520-6	2012	In accordance with this finding, a fraction of AgS exhibited affinity to lactose and displayed a 100% specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis.	Lactose	73-80	jagged canonical Notch ligand 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
22941309-0	2012	Galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis from lactose and whey by beta-galactosidase immobilized in PVA.	Lactose	40-47	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
22941309-3	2012	Lactose conversion takes place at a higher rate in the PVA-immobilized beta-galactosidase, while the lowest rate of lactose conversion was noticed with immobilized beta-galactosidase in sol-gel.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-89
22941309-3	2012	Lactose conversion takes place at a higher rate in the PVA-immobilized beta-galactosidase, while the lowest rate of lactose conversion was noticed with immobilized beta-galactosidase in sol-gel.	Lactose	116-123	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	164-182
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	elastin	Homo sapiens	135-142
23000215-3	2012	We first describe the efficient conversion of lactose into isoglobotriaose (Galalpha-3Galbeta-4Glc) using high cell density cultures of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the bovine gene for alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	46-53	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	216-247
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	164-174
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	elastin	Homo sapiens	228-235
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	endothelin receptor type B	Homo sapiens	280-286
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	296-301
23158148-12	2012	When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	elastin	Homo sapiens	228-235
23798775-4	2012	Before grinding, scanning electron microscopy showed the drug and lactose to have an average particle size of around 50 and 30 mum, respectively.	Lactose	66-73	latexin	Homo sapiens	127-130
22931511-3	2012	Here we developed the experimental protein folding mechanism for the lactose repressor (LacI), for both the dimeric and the tetrameric states, using equilibrium unfolding and kinetic experiments, and by leveraging the previously reported monomer folding landscape.	Lactose	69-76	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	88-92
25005995-0	2012	Optimisation of immobilisation conditions for chick pea beta-galactosidase (CpGAL) to alkylamine glass using response surface methodology and its applications in lactose hydrolysis.	Lactose	162-169	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	56-74
22266995-7	2012	Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed lactose and lactose with yeast-dried milk had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater BW and ADFI during Phase 1.	Lactose	50-57	ADG	Sus scrofa	118-121
22901749-4	2012	To generate breast-specific autoimmunity, we immunized SWXJ mice with recombinant mouse alpha-lactalbumin, a lactation-dependent, breast-specific differentiation protein critical for production of lactose.	Lactose	197-204	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	88-105
22266995-7	2012	Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed lactose and lactose with yeast-dried milk had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater BW and ADFI during Phase 1.	Lactose	62-69	ADG	Sus scrofa	118-121
22436215-2	2012	Lactose is synthesized within lactating mammary glands from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) and glucose by a transgalactosylation catalysed by a complex of beta4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA).	Lactose	0-7	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	196-213
22724592-7	2012	beta-Galactosidase immobilized on chitosan macro and nanoparticles exhibited excellent operational stability at 37  C, because it was still able to hydrolyze 83.2 and 75.93% of lactose, respectively, after 50 cycles of reuse.	Lactose	177-184	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	291-298	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	291-298	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	124-129
22281117-12	2012	Although PRL injections at milking time were not sufficient to restore milk yield, they tended to increase milk protein and lactose yields and increased the viability of milk-purified mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	124-131	prolactin	Bos taurus	9-12
22683026-1	2012	beta-Galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of beta-galactosides into monosaccharides; its major application in the food industry is to reduce the content of lactose in lactic products.	Lactose	185-192	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
22688420-1	2012	Intestinal lactase is required for the hydrolysis of lactose that is the most essential carbohydrate in milk and the primary diet source of newborn.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
22368054-0	2012	Determination of glycation sites by tandem mass spectrometry in a synthetic lactose-bovine serum albumin conjugate, a vaccine model prepared by dialkyl squarate chemistry.	Lactose	76-83	albumin	Homo sapiens	91-104
22368054-3	2012	METHOD: Covalent attachment of the lactose antigen to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared by the squaric acid method using a hapten:BSA ratio of 20:1.	Lactose	35-42	albumin	Homo sapiens	65-78
22349222-4	2012	The ligand-binding domain of the Epa1p adhesin, which is one of the best characterized in the Epa family, was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in complex with lactose.	Lactose	183-190	GTPase NPA3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-38
22436215-9	2012	When alpha-LA first appeared as a result of its evolution from lysozyme, its content within the lactating mammary glands was low and lactose was therefore synthesized at a slow rate.	Lactose	133-140	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	5-13
21984709-11	2012	Pigs receiving lactose during phase 1 had greater ADG (214.7 vs. 177.2 g; P = 0.01) and G:F (741.0 vs. 660.3 g/kg; P = 0.01) and tended to have greater ADFI (289.3 vs. 267.6 g; P = 0.07) during phase 1 but decreased (537.7 vs. 573.1 g; P = 0.09) ADG during phase 2.	Lactose	15-22	ADG	Sus scrofa	50-53
21984709-11	2012	Pigs receiving lactose during phase 1 had greater ADG (214.7 vs. 177.2 g; P = 0.01) and G:F (741.0 vs. 660.3 g/kg; P = 0.01) and tended to have greater ADFI (289.3 vs. 267.6 g; P = 0.07) during phase 1 but decreased (537.7 vs. 573.1 g; P = 0.09) ADG during phase 2.	Lactose	15-22	ADG	Sus scrofa	246-249
22649065-6	2012	In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged.	Lactose	20-27	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	78-109
22649065-6	2012	In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged.	Lactose	20-27	UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
22649065-6	2012	In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged.	Lactose	20-27	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	122-142
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	199-206	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	19-37
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	199-206	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	39-43
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	199-206	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	64-122
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	199-206	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	124-129
22649065-9	2012	Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production.	Lactose	291-298	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	19-37
22850584-1	2012	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the CSN1S1 locus polymorphism on 305-d records of milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids yields, fat, protein, lactose and total solids contents in Mexican dairy goats.	Lactose	129-136	alpha-S1-casein	Capra hircus	63-69
22450157-5	2012	RESULTS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in non-macrophage cells and M2 cells was blocked by lactose and a potent galectin-3 inhibitor TD139, and also by the R186S mutation in the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Lactose	84-91	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	9-19
22234158-1	2012	The ability of humans to digest the milk component lactose after weaning requires persistent production of the lactose-converting enzyme lactase.	Lactose	51-58	lactase	Bos taurus	137-144
22234158-6	2012	Given the heterogeneity in the frequency of the lactase persistence allele in ancient Europe, we suggest that in Southern Europe the selective advantage of lactose assimilation in adulthood most likely took place from standing population variation, after cattle domestication, at a post-Neolithic time when fresh milk consumption was already fully adopted as a consequence of a cultural influence.	Lactose	156-163	lactase	Bos taurus	48-55
22258180-1	2012	Lactase is the intestinal enzyme responsible for digestion of the milk sugar lactose.	Lactose	77-84	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
22523080-4	2012	FGF21-induced signaling was enhanced in cells treated with lactose, a competitive inhibitor of the galectin lattice, suggesting that lattice-binding modulates KLB and/or FGFR1c activity.	Lactose	59-66	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-5
22510029-3	2012	Lac-alpha-CDE (G3, average degree of substitution of lactose (DSL) 1.2)/siRNA complex had a potent RNAi effect against TTR gene expression through adequate physicochemical properties, asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)-mediated cellular uptake, efficient endosomal escape and the delivery of the siRNA complex to cytoplasm, but not nucleus, with negligible cytotoxicity.	Lactose	53-60	transthyretin	Mus musculus	119-122
22275296-7	2012	Over the 3-month study period there was a significantly greater reduction in gout flares in the SMP/GMP/G600 group (analysis of covariance p(group)=0.031, Tukey post hoc test compared with lactose control, p=0.044).	Lactose	189-196	family with sequence similarity 53 member B	Homo sapiens	96-114
22572735-2	2012	To digest the milk sugar lactose, lactase persistence (LP) should be required.	Lactose	25-32	lactase	Homo sapiens	34-41
22311019-1	2012	The beta(1,4)-galactosyltransferase-I gene (beta4galt1) encodes the catalytic part of the enzyme lactose synthase, responsible of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland.	Lactose	97-104	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	44-54
22311019-4	2012	Statistical analysis showed that the genotypes of Beta4GALT1 significantly affect milk, lactose, protein and total solid productions in both the first and second lactation (P < 0.001).	Lactose	88-95	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	50-60
22311019-5	2012	Variance component analysis considering restricted maximum likelihood showed that the major factor making differences in milk, lactose, protein and total solid productions among the studied cow is the beta4galt1 genotype.	Lactose	127-134	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	201-211
22436215-2	2012	Lactose is synthesized within lactating mammary glands from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) and glucose by a transgalactosylation catalysed by a complex of beta4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA).	Lactose	0-7	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	215-223
21866443-2	2011	Utilization of lactose indicated that the enzyme belongs to GDH type B isozyme.	Lactose	15-22	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	60-63
21681425-1	2012	The STAT5A gene was studied as a candidate gene for five milk production traits (milk yield at 305 days, protein percentage, fat percentage, lactose percentage and dry matter percentage) in Holstein cows.	Lactose	141-148	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Bos taurus	4-10
22488034-5	2012	In case of gastrointestinal symptoms occurring after the initiation of drugs containing lactose, the possibility of lactose intolerance should be considered and tested by lactose tolerance test or genetic testing for the LCT (-13910) polymorphism.	Lactose	116-123	lactase	Homo sapiens	221-224
22488034-5	2012	In case of gastrointestinal symptoms occurring after the initiation of drugs containing lactose, the possibility of lactose intolerance should be considered and tested by lactose tolerance test or genetic testing for the LCT (-13910) polymorphism.	Lactose	116-123	lactase	Homo sapiens	221-224
22211845-0	2012	Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of lactose breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance tests for predicting the North European lactase polymorphism C/T-13910.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	127-134
21792939-8	2012	The Gal-3-mediated phagocytosis was blocked by excessive soluble MerTK extracellular domain and lactose.	Lactose	96-103	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
22127264-9	2012	However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by beta-CN (A2>A1) and kappa-CN (A>B>E).	Lactose	38-45	casein beta	Bos taurus	86-93
22745637-1	2012	Type A neurotoxin (NTX) of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column.	Lactose	92-99	neurotoxin	Clostridium botulinum	7-17
22745637-1	2012	Type A neurotoxin (NTX) of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column.	Lactose	92-99	neurotoxin	Clostridium botulinum	19-22
22536764-6	2012	Studies in the VDR null mouse have demonstrated that bone mineralisation can be restored without vitamin D by a diet very high in calcium and lactose.	Lactose	142-149	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	15-18
21939778-6	2011	In this vein, different doses of lactose were administrated during 2 weeks in adult mice on an attempt to evaluate the lactase activity.	Lactose	33-40	lactase	Mus musculus	119-126
22365226-8	2012	Milk yield and secretion of milk lactose and protein were decreased by 8.0, 9.8, and 5.6%, respectively.	Lactose	33-40	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	28-32
22283494-6	2012	beta-Galactosidase from L. bulgaricus was used for lactose conversion and showed very high transgalactosylation activity.	Lactose	51-58	DUF4981 domain-containing protein	Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 = JCM 1002	0-18
22281350-8	2012	Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL).	Lactose	146-153	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	141-145
22281350-8	2012	Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL).	Lactose	146-153	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	141-145
22281350-8	2012	Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL).	Lactose	146-153	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	141-145
22111949-3	2012	Here we report the high- to ultra-high-resolution crystal structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3C) in the ligand-free state (1.08 A at 100 K, 1.25 A at 298 K) and in complex with lactose (0.86 A) or glycerol (0.9 A).	Lactose	210-217	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	111-121
22826639-3	2012	This review discusses the lactase-persistence alleles that have arisen in different populations around the world, diagnosis of lactose intolerance, and its symptomatology and management.	Lactose	127-134	lactase	Homo sapiens	26-33
21899917-6	2012	By use of FITC-labelled gal-3, we found that it attached rapidly to the PMN membrane in a lactose-sensitive manner.	Lactose	90-97	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	24-29
23430852-0	2012	Treatment with lactose (galactose)-restricted and medium-chain triglyceride-supplemented formula for neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency.	Lactose	15-22	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	145-151
23430852-9	2012	Early treatment with lactose (galactose)-restricted and MCT-supplemented formula is recommended for patients with NICCD and possibly for patients with CTLN2.	Lactose	21-28	solute carrier family 25 member 13	Homo sapiens	151-156
21836184-1	2012	Milk consumption and lactose digestion after weaning are exclusively human traits made possible by the continued production of the enzyme lactase in adulthood.	Lactose	21-28	lactase	Homo sapiens	138-145
22339027-4	2012	Lactose rejections were 98.5 and 54% for UF + NF90 and UF + NF270 respectively.	Lactose	0-7	interleukin enhancer binding factor 3	Homo sapiens	46-50
21911440-4	2011	Na-butyrate supplementation in MF or in lactose solution (with the same quantity of lactose contained in the MF, 5%) suppressed the increase in plasma insulin and GH concentrations, and the plasma IGF1 level was not changed.	Lactose	40-47	insulin	Bos taurus	151-158
22379801-5	2011	METHODS: By using lactose as the main carbon source and X-Gal as chromogenic agent in the medium, cold-adapted strains producing beta-galactosidase were detected.	Lactose	18-25	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-147
21952242-8	2011	Feeding a high-lactose calcium rescue diet that circumvents a VDR requirement for calcium absorption from the intestine normalized serum calcium levels, restored beta-cell insulin secretion, corrected glucose intolerance, and eliminated accelerated T1D in VDR-deficient NOD mice.	Lactose	15-22	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	62-65
21911440-4	2011	Na-butyrate supplementation in MF or in lactose solution (with the same quantity of lactose contained in the MF, 5%) suppressed the increase in plasma insulin and GH concentrations, and the plasma IGF1 level was not changed.	Lactose	84-91	insulin	Bos taurus	151-158
21256992-1	2011	The Maillard reaction between lactose and proteins occurs during thermal treatment of milk and lactosylated beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and caseins have widely been used to monitor the quality of dairy products.	Lactose	30-37	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	128-145
21871142-4	2011	Milk yield, lactose, protein, non casein nitrogen, microbial features were affected by SCC level.	Lactose	12-19	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
22108417-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate relations between milk consumption and lactose intolerance (LI) in adults and to explore the effect of milk consumption on lactase activity.	Lactose	65-72	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	44-48
21763294-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Absorption of milk sugar (lactose) is regulated by the activity of lactase enzyme in gut wall.	Lactose	26-36	lactase	Homo sapiens	79-86
21763294-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Absorption of milk sugar (lactose) is regulated by the activity of lactase enzyme in gut wall.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Homo sapiens	79-86
21763294-2	2011	Intestinal lactase activity declines during childhood in majority of human populations leading to adult-type hypolactasia (primary lactose malabsorption), limiting the use of fresh milk due to lactose intolerance.	Lactose	131-138	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
21837347-4	2011	ELLA binding studies confirm that galactose sugar clusters are effective ligands for the PA-IL bacterial lectin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa while poor binding for the lactose-based monovalent probe and no binding could be measured for the multivalent glycoclusters was observed for the human galectin-1.	Lactose	36-43	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	290-300
21839845-3	2011	The aim of the present study was to determine whether bifidobacteria and clostridia are able to grow on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and other carbon sources - lactose, cow milk (CM) and human milk (HM).	Lactose	166-173	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	110-114
21531845-14	2011	The greater concentration of lactose in colostrum from IF sows could be attributed to this transient increase in prolactin and cortisol.	Lactose	29-36	prolactin	Homo sapiens	113-122
21943731-3	2011	The proposed method is based on the rapid hydrolysis of lactose using beta-galactosidase and subsequently measuring glucose using a blood glucose meter.	Lactose	56-63	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
21888996-1	2011	After the complete gene of a beta-galactosidase from human isolate Bifidobacterium breve B24 was isolated by PCR and overexpressed in E. coli, the recombinant beta-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity and characterized for the glycoside transferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) activities on lactose.	Lactose	302-309	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-47
21888996-1	2011	After the complete gene of a beta-galactosidase from human isolate Bifidobacterium breve B24 was isolated by PCR and overexpressed in E. coli, the recombinant beta-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity and characterized for the glycoside transferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) activities on lactose.	Lactose	302-309	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	159-177
21888996-7	2011	The results suggest that this recombinant beta-galactosidase derived from a human isolate B. breve B24 may be suitable for both the hydrolysis and synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in milk and lactose processing.	Lactose	203-210	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
21798523-6	2011	Whereas, galectins, namely LEC-1, -2, -4, -6, -9, -10, and DC2.3a, were assigned in the lactose-eluted fraction.	Lactose	88-95	32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin	Caenorhabditis elegans	27-48
21936609-17	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The results show that lactase-genotype testing can be used as a first step to diagnose lactose intolerance in a patient population with unexplained abdominal complaints.	Lactose	100-107	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
21838558-3	2011	The main function of alpha-LA is to participate in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	51-58	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	21-29
21605780-8	2011	Supplementation with SCFP increased milk lactose content without affecting milk production under the conditions investigated.	Lactose	41-48	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	36-40
23572778-3	2011	CaCl2 (0.2%, w/v) was used as coagulant at 75 +- 1 C. Increased level of SPI in paneer increased yield, protein, ash, moisture content and decreased fat, moisture protein ratio, lactose and calorie contents.	Lactose	178-185	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	73-76
21645762-9	2011	The biosensing system also showed a high performance for lactose detection in wide range of 1 muM to 1mM.	Lactose	57-64	latexin	Homo sapiens	94-97
22032356-8	2011	The exclusion of milk from udder quarters with elevated SCC decreased the content of total protein and protein content in the whey fraction and increased the content of lactose at cow level.	Lactose	169-176	SCC	Bos taurus	56-59
21700008-8	2011	The 2 most active enzymes, as determined by the beta-galactosidase assay, hydrolyzed over 98% of the lactose in 24h at 2 C using the supplier"s recommended dosage.	Lactose	101-108	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-66
21502314-4	2011	Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells.	Lactose	46-49	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	119-122
21502314-4	2011	Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells.	Lactose	46-49	DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	133-171
21502314-4	2011	Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells.	Lactose	46-49	DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	173-179
21502314-4	2011	Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells.	Lactose	46-49	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	212-215
21502314-4	2011	Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells.	Lactose	46-49	checkpoint kinase 1	Homo sapiens	235-239
21031433-6	2011	METHODS: Candidate galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co-purified with galectin-3 during lactose affinity chromatography.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	19-29
21524506-1	2011	alpha-Lactalbumin is a ubiquitous calcium-binding milk protein with a well-characterized function in regulating the synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	129-136	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	0-17
21103910-2	2011	A supplemental beta-galactosidase administered orally to treat lactose intolerance was conjugated to 40 kDa, branched polyethylene glycol (PEG).	Lactose	63-70	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-33
21405109-4	2011	Inhibition of CPL causing hemagglutination on human erythrocytes showed that the lectin shows specificity to GalNAc and lactose.	Lactose	120-127	hephaestin	Homo sapiens	14-17
21320900-3	2011	Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose and its production decreases after the weaning phase in most mammals, including most humans.	Lactose	70-77	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
21031433-6	2011	METHODS: Candidate galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co-purified with galectin-3 during lactose affinity chromatography.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	131-141
21436014-9	2011	RESULTS: Circulating T cells: IFN-gamma was significantly lower in the LAC-PD group (p<0.05) compared to the ICO-PD and LAC/BIC-PD groups.	Lactose	71-74	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	30-39
21436014-12	2011	The Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower in the LAC-PD group when compared both to LAC/BIC-PD and ICO-PD groups.	Lactose	49-52	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	4-7
22439954-10	2011	Reductions in milk component yields were associated with lower alpha-lactalbumin transcripts, suggesting a transcriptional decrease of lactose synthesis during ODM.	Lactose	135-142	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	63-80
22439954-11	2011	Glucose transporter GLUT1 transcripts were downregulated under ODM, suggesting that lactose precursor uptake by MEC might be involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	84-91	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Capra hircus	20-25
22439954-11	2011	Glucose transporter GLUT1 transcripts were downregulated under ODM, suggesting that lactose precursor uptake by MEC might be involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	155-162	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Capra hircus	20-25
21257055-11	2011	Mammary uptake of energetic substrates did not vary across treatments, although milk lactose yield increased with the ARG+ treatment relative to CTL.	Lactose	85-92	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	80-84
21235777-2	2011	Lactase non-persistence, often called lactose intolerance, is the normal condition where lactase activity in the intestinal wall declines after weaning.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Bos taurus	0-7
21445905-3	2011	This mutation results in the persistent expression of lactase into adulthood enabling individuals carrying a T(-13,910) allele to digest lactose as adults.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Homo sapiens	54-61
21235777-2	2011	Lactase non-persistence, often called lactose intolerance, is the normal condition where lactase activity in the intestinal wall declines after weaning.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Bos taurus	89-96
20878964-5	2010	The performance of the experiments is demonstrated on a system by using the lectin, galectin-1 and its carbohydrate ligand, lactose.	Lactose	124-131	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	84-94
21821960-2	2011	The formation of lactose caprate from lactose sugar and capric acid, using free lipase (free-CRL) and lipase immobilized on nanoporous mica (NER-CRL) as a biocatalyst, was evaluated through a kinetic study.	Lactose	17-24	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	93-96
21821960-2	2011	The formation of lactose caprate from lactose sugar and capric acid, using free lipase (free-CRL) and lipase immobilized on nanoporous mica (NER-CRL) as a biocatalyst, was evaluated through a kinetic study.	Lactose	17-24	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	145-148
22615648-3	2011	METHODS: METHODS EMPLOYED FOR FORMULATIONS WERE: a) Film coating of CPH using Eudragit E100 and subsequent adsorption on different carriers such as spray-dried lactose, sodium starch glycolate and spray-dried mannitol and b) Complexation of CPH with three different ion exchange resins indion 234 amberlite IRP64 and amberlite IRP69.	Lactose	160-167	carboxypeptidase E	Homo sapiens	68-71
21054390-5	2011	All these changes were blocked by lactose, suggesting a lectin dependent manner of Gal-1"s function.	Lactose	34-41	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
21997669-6	2011	Galactose (+31.5 mmol/l) significantly counteracted the loss of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in low-glucose-treated slices, while fructose, lactose and saccharose only partly protected cholinergic neurons.	Lactose	2-9	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	64-89
21210196-2	2011	Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Lactose	56-70	galectin-1	Capra hircus	151-161
21210196-2	2011	Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Lactose	56-70	galectin-1	Capra hircus	189-199
21686221-1	2011	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, lactase, is the intestinal enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose.	Lactose	111-118	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
21686221-1	2011	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, lactase, is the intestinal enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose.	Lactose	111-118	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-36
20696150-2	2010	Recently, there is increasing interest in targeting GALK as a novel therapy to ameliorate the disease manifestations in patients with Classic Galactosemia as it would, in combination with (ga-)lactose restriction reduce accumulation of Gal-1-P, a cytotoxic agent.	Lactose	144-151	galactokinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
21647416-10	2011	There was a significant correlation between the chemotactic index and BA4 reactivity, and the increases in chemotactic activity of extracts from Marfan patients could be inhibited by pretreatment with lactose, VGVAPG peptides, or BA4, which indicates the involvement of EBP in mediating the effects.	Lactose	201-208	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	270-273
21234407-2	2010	The use of beta-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in food and dairy processing industries.	Lactose	52-59	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-29
21139216-4	2010	This study describes the cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, purification and crystallization of recombinant Drgal1-L2 protein in the presence of lactose (ligand).	Lactose	151-158	lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2a	Danio rerio	114-123
21028949-1	2010	Lactase persistence and thereby tolerance to lactose is a common trait in people of Northern European descent.	Lactose	45-52	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
21028949-3	2010	In people of African and Middle Eastern descent, lactase persistence can be associated with other variants nearby the -13910C>T variant, limiting the use of the -13910C>T-based SNP analysis, e.g. TaqMan assays for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	237-244	lactase	Homo sapiens	49-56
21103358-5	2010	The use of lactose or Neu-1 siRNA blocks this process suggesting that the elastin receptor complex is responsible for this lipid conversion.	Lactose	11-18	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
20354738-2	2010	Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Lactose	86-100	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	182-192
20354738-2	2010	Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily.	Lactose	86-100	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	220-230
20853312-6	2010	Furthermore, pretreatment of fibroblasts by lactose depressed their ability to migrate in response to all elastin peptides, suggesting the involvement of elastin receptor in cell response.	Lactose	44-51	elastin	Homo sapiens	106-113
20853312-6	2010	Furthermore, pretreatment of fibroblasts by lactose depressed their ability to migrate in response to all elastin peptides, suggesting the involvement of elastin receptor in cell response.	Lactose	44-51	elastin	Homo sapiens	154-161
20435074-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Peroral beta-galactosidase preparations for the management of lactose intolerance need to be administered in large doses (1500 to 6000 U) immediately before or together with a lactose-containing meal.	Lactose	74-81	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-38
20435074-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Peroral beta-galactosidase preparations for the management of lactose intolerance need to be administered in large doses (1500 to 6000 U) immediately before or together with a lactose-containing meal.	Lactose	188-195	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-38
20435074-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: For the delivery of beta-galactosidase WGA-targeted PLGA microparticles were prepared, which represent promising candidates for a convenient biomimetic treatment regimen of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	186-193	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
20362522-3	2010	AIMS: We examined the relationship between the LCT-13910C>T polymorphism causing lactose intolerance and risk for colorectal cancer/polyps onset in the Italian population.	Lactose	84-91	lactase	Homo sapiens	47-50
20854991-7	2010	Differences between alpha-LA groups were, however, found in some milk quality traits because high alpha-LA concentration was related to low concentrations of alpha(S1)-, alpha(S2)-, and beta-caseins and high concentrations of lactose and beta-lactoglobulin.	Lactose	226-233	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	20-28
20515395-3	2010	METHOD: To provide an alternative strategy for reducing the cardiotoxicity, a novel THP liposome powder (L-THP), comprising distearoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol, cholesterol, and lactose was appropriately prepared based on the physicochemical properties of THP.	Lactose	204-211	uromodulin	Mus musculus	84-87
20854991-7	2010	Differences between alpha-LA groups were, however, found in some milk quality traits because high alpha-LA concentration was related to low concentrations of alpha(S1)-, alpha(S2)-, and beta-caseins and high concentrations of lactose and beta-lactoglobulin.	Lactose	226-233	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	98-106
20855002-9	2010	The probability of conception before 145 d in milk increased with lower milk production on the second test-day, higher percentage of protein on the second test-day, and higher percentage of lactose on the first test-day.	Lactose	190-197	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	46-50
20625591-2	2010	They have been used in an efficient one-pot multienzyme system to synthesize LacNAc, lactose, and their derivatives including those containing negatively charged 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc and C2-substituted GlcNAc or Glc, from monosaccharide derivatives and inexpensive Glc-1-P.	Lactose	85-92	GLC1P	Homo sapiens	264-271
20707006-1	2010	Heat treatment of milk induces the Maillard reaction between lactose and proteins; in this context, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin adducts have been used as markers to monitor milk quality.	Lactose	61-68	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	123-140
20695638-3	2010	In control samples, maltose and maltotriose were hydrolyzed by alpha-glucosidase and not beta-galactosidase, whereas lactose was resistant to alpha-glucosidase but was hydrolyzed with beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	117-124	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	142-159
20695638-3	2010	In control samples, maltose and maltotriose were hydrolyzed by alpha-glucosidase and not beta-galactosidase, whereas lactose was resistant to alpha-glucosidase but was hydrolyzed with beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	117-124	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	184-202
20666428-2	2010	In this work, we present experimental evidence of an increased thermal stability of galectin-1, a multifunctional beta-galactoside-binding protein, upon binding to the disaccharide lactose.	Lactose	181-188	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	84-94
20827806-0	2010	High frequency of MCM6 lactose intolerance genotype in Polynesian people.	Lactose	23-30	minichromosome maintenance complex component 6	Homo sapiens	18-22
20398434-2	2010	Lactose hydrogen breath test (H2-BT) is considered the gold standard to evaluate LCT deficiency (LD).	Lactose	0-7	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	30-35
20530735-7	2010	Based on our findings, we propose a model in which FATP2 is a multifunctional protein that shows subcellular localization-dependent activity and is a major contributor to peroxisomal (V)LACS activity and hepatic fatty acid uptake, suggesting FATP2 as a potential novel target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.	Lactose	186-190	solute carrier family 27 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-56
20398434-7	2010	Patients with LD had more intense intestinal symptoms 4 h following the lactose challenge included in the H2-BT.	Lactose	72-79	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	106-111
20225268-1	2010	The C-variant of a T-13910C polymorphism (rs4988235; NT_022135.15:g.25316568G > A) upstream of the lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene causes lactose intolerance.	Lactose	148-155	lactase	Homo sapiens	102-129
33467830-2	2010	Currently, GOS are produced by glycoside hydrolases (GH) using lactose as substrate.	Lactose	63-70	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	53-55
33467830-3	2010	Converting lactose into GOS by GH results in mixtures containing GOS of different degrees of polymerization (DP), unreacted lactose, and monomeric sugars (glucose and galactose).	Lactose	11-18	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	31-33
33467830-3	2010	Converting lactose into GOS by GH results in mixtures containing GOS of different degrees of polymerization (DP), unreacted lactose, and monomeric sugars (glucose and galactose).	Lactose	124-131	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	31-33
33467830-5	2010	To produce high-GOS-content mixtures, GH should not only have good ability to catalyze the transgalactosylation reaction relative to hydrolysis, but also have low affinity for the GOS formed relative to the affinity for lactose.	Lactose	220-227	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	38-40
33467831-5	2010	A GOS can be produced by a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by beta-galactosidase, where the glycosyl group of one or more D-galactosyl units is transferred onto the D-galactose moiety of lactose, in a process known as transgalactosylation.	Lactose	177-184	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
20509693-3	2010	beta-Gal catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose, and the produced glucose is catalytically oxidized to gluconic acid and H(2)O(2), which is reduced in the presence of HRP.	Lactose	37-44	beta-galactosidase	Theobroma cacao	0-8
20723706-4	2010	Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype-based association analyses revealed suggestive associations between genetic variability of the SCD1 locus and lactose, stearic, polyunsaturated, and conjugated linoleic fatty acid contents.	Lactose	155-162	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Capra hircus	140-144
20713592-4	2010	Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals.	Lactose	57-69	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
20713592-4	2010	Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals.	Lactose	57-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	111-116
20713592-4	2010	Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals.	Lactose	57-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	121-125
20713592-4	2010	Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals.	Lactose	57-69	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	166-171
20713592-4	2010	Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals.	Lactose	57-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	176-180
20655425-9	2010	In addition, different milk components had different levels of day-to-day variation, the least variation being found in lactose (0.9%) and the greatest in fat (7.7%).	Lactose	120-127	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	23-27
26615944-2	2010	Using the carbohydrate binding domain of galectin-3 in the free and lactose-bound states as a test case, we compared the calculated order parameters with experimental data from NMR relaxation.	Lactose	68-75	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	41-51
20873218-1	2010	The alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) plays a key role in lactose synthesis in mammary glands of domestic animals.	Lactose	53-60	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	4-21
20873218-1	2010	The alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) plays a key role in lactose synthesis in mammary glands of domestic animals.	Lactose	53-60	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	23-31
20399061-1	2010	In the lactating mammary gland, prolactin (PRL) stimulates the synthesis of lactose as well as fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis.	Lactose	76-83	prolactin	Capra hircus	32-41
20399061-1	2010	In the lactating mammary gland, prolactin (PRL) stimulates the synthesis of lactose as well as fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis.	Lactose	76-83	prolactin	Capra hircus	43-46
20630211-10	2010	We observed a decrease in milk casein, which was associated with a decrease in the mRNA level of kappa-casein in the lactose-infused glands, and a decrease in milk lactose, which was associated with a downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin transcripts in both the EGTA- and lactose-treated glands.	Lactose	164-171	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	219-236
20630211-10	2010	We observed a decrease in milk casein, which was associated with a decrease in the mRNA level of kappa-casein in the lactose-infused glands, and a decrease in milk lactose, which was associated with a downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin transcripts in both the EGTA- and lactose-treated glands.	Lactose	164-171	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	219-236
20630211-12	2010	Lactose infusion increased the mRNA level of Bax, suggesting that apoptosis was regulated at the transcriptional level.	Lactose	0-7	apoptosis regulator BAX	Capra hircus	45-48
20494134-4	2010	Induction of IL-8 production by both alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin was higher than that by lactose and NDM; alpha-lactalbumin was a more potent inducer of IL-8 than beta-lactoglobulin and IL-1beta alone in both unstimulated and stimulated cells.	Lactose	102-109	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	13-17
20585563-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals.	Lactose	60-67	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
20512434-0	2010	Nano-coating of beta-galactosidase onto the surface of lactose by using an ultrasound-assisted technique.	Lactose	55-62	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	16-34
20512434-1	2010	We nano-coated powdered lactose particles with the enzyme beta-galactosidase using an ultrasound-assisted technique.	Lactose	24-31	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	58-76
20512434-5	2010	Interestingly, lactose, which is a substrate for beta-galactosidase, did not undergo enzymatic degradation during processing and remained unchanged for at least 1 month.	Lactose	15-22	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-67
20338445-7	2010	Milk protein content was not changed by LNA infusion, whereas milk lactose content and yield were decreased quadratically as LNA infusion increased.	Lactose	67-74	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	62-66
19898963-6	2010	Secretion of beta-glucosidase was found to be clearly dependent on the composition of the carbon source, and in the case of lactose, 2-fold higher specific activity was observed compared to Solka Floc and steam-pre-treated corn stover.	Lactose	124-131	beta-glucosidase	Zea mays	13-29
20209510-6	2010	The binding of ZnTPPS(4) to hGal-3 (with and without lactose) is of high affinity having k(D)=0.18-0.20 microM and is not inhibited by lactose, indicating that ZnTPPS(4) and carbohydrate bind different sites.	Lactose	53-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	28-34
20369893-0	2010	Use of lactose against the deadly biological toxin ricin.	Lactose	7-14	ricin	Ricinus communis	51-56
20369893-5	2010	Lactose (a natural ligand of this toxin) was incorporated into polyacrylamide-based glycopolymers at variable sugar densities (18-100%) and evaluated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and the real agent, ricin.	Lactose	0-7	ricin	Ricinus communis	220-225
19955563-10	2010	NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology.	Lactose	90-93	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	0-4
20184898-0	2010	Lactose binding to galectin-1 modulates structural dynamics, increases conformational entropy, and occurs with apparent negative cooperativity.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	19-29
20184898-3	2010	Here, we used heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to investigate lactose binding to gal-1 and to derive solution NMR structures of gal-1 in the lactose-bound and unbound states.	Lactose	83-90	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
20184898-3	2010	Here, we used heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to investigate lactose binding to gal-1 and to derive solution NMR structures of gal-1 in the lactose-bound and unbound states.	Lactose	162-169	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	149-154
20184898-6	2010	Analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence titration binding data indicates that lactose binds the two carbohydrate recognition domains of the gal-1 dimer with negative cooperativity, in that the first lactose molecule binds more strongly (K(1)=21+/-6 x 10(3) M(-1)) than the second (K(2)=4+/-2 x 10(3) M(-1)).	Lactose	89-96	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
20184898-6	2010	Analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence titration binding data indicates that lactose binds the two carbohydrate recognition domains of the gal-1 dimer with negative cooperativity, in that the first lactose molecule binds more strongly (K(1)=21+/-6 x 10(3) M(-1)) than the second (K(2)=4+/-2 x 10(3) M(-1)).	Lactose	210-217	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
20226765-9	2010	After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column.	Lactose	6-13	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	46-56
20226765-9	2010	After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column.	Lactose	6-13	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	57-68
20226765-9	2010	After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column.	Lactose	6-13	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	138-149
20226765-9	2010	After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column.	Lactose	6-13	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	169-179
20083396-4	2010	In this paper, modifications on the kappa-CN aggregation process by hydrolysis with chymosin derived from the initial protein state and the presence of sucrose and lactose were studied.	Lactose	164-171	casein kappa	Bos taurus	36-44
20083396-8	2010	Sucrose and lactose also affect the aggregation of proteolized particles of kappa-CN.	Lactose	12-19	casein kappa	Bos taurus	76-84
19955563-10	2010	NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology.	Lactose	90-93	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	6-21
20089725-9	2010	RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein.	Lactose	154-161	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
20351709-1	2010	Classic galactosemia results from mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene and causes infants to present with jaundice after initiation of lactose containing formulas.	Lactose	10-17	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	51-91
20353605-2	2010	One candidate example that has been put forward is lactase persistence in adulthood, i.e. the ability to continue digesting the milk sugar lactose after childhood, facilitating the consumption of raw milk.	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	51-58
20089725-9	2010	RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein.	Lactose	218-225	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
20089725-9	2010	RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein.	Lactose	218-225	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
20151114-1	2010	The Maillard-reaction-induced lactosylation of the major whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) and beta-lactoglobulins (beta-Lg) A and B, occurring upon heating at 70, 80 and 90 degrees C for 1 to 5 h in the presence of lactose excess, was studied by HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization single and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS, MS/MS).	Lactose	226-233	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	72-89
20151114-1	2010	The Maillard-reaction-induced lactosylation of the major whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) and beta-lactoglobulins (beta-Lg) A and B, occurring upon heating at 70, 80 and 90 degrees C for 1 to 5 h in the presence of lactose excess, was studied by HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization single and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS, MS/MS).	Lactose	226-233	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	91-99
20499001-1	2010	In most mammals, lactase activity declines on the intestinal wall after weaning, characterizing primary hypolactasia that provokes symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	143-150	lactase	Homo sapiens	17-24
20190373-3	2010	The enzyme lactase is needed to digest lactose.	Lactose	39-46	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
20190373-5	2010	When the activity of lactase is low, lactose passes intact the small intestine and reaches the large intestine, could cause unpleasantness such as diarrhea and stomach ache.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	21-28
20391953-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Lactase enzyme supplements and probiotics with high beta-galactosidase activity may be valid treatment options for the lactose intolerance.	Lactose	131-138	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
20144269-8	2010	The supernatants of CD133(+) cells induced apoptosis of CD8(+) T cells to a greater degree (27.1+ or - 2.6%) compared with supernatants from CD133(-) cells (10.1 + or - 2.2%), and could be down-regulated by lactose, anti-galectin-3 polyclonal antibody and Gal-3 siRNA.	Lactose	207-214	prominin 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
19616076-10	2010	Although the majority of these interactions occur via the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 and saccharide ligands such as lactose can perturb some of these interactions, the significance of the protein"s carbohydrate-binding activity, per se, remains a challenge for future investigations.	Lactose	129-136	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-97
19853028-6	2010	The stability of bFGF was preserved when spray-dried with lactose in an aqueous solution.	Lactose	58-65	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-21
19940114-7	2010	In this study, we show that galectin-3, which is a beta-galactoside-binding protein, strongly bound to unmodified Lm332 but not to GnT-III-Lm332 and that binding of galectin-3 was completely blocked by lactose.	Lactose	202-209	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	28-38
19762790-4	2009	Milk lactose concentration was rather constant throughout the season.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
19940114-7	2010	In this study, we show that galectin-3, which is a beta-galactoside-binding protein, strongly bound to unmodified Lm332 but not to GnT-III-Lm332 and that binding of galectin-3 was completely blocked by lactose.	Lactose	202-209	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	165-175
20849614-7	2010	RESULTS: Deletion of one allele of Akt2 in Akt1-deficient mice resulted in a severe defect in Stat5 activation during late pregnancy that was accompanied by a global failure of terminal mammary epithelial cell differentiation, as manifested by the near-complete loss in production of the three principal components of milk: lactose, lipid, and milk proteins.	Lactose	324-331	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2	Mus musculus	35-39
19561030-3	2009	Galectin-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis is blocked by lactose and inhibited by an anti-galectin-1 antibody but not by nonspecific antibodies.	Lactose	53-60	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
19776007-6	2009	In vitro studies of mast cell degranulation involving RBL-2H3 cells demonstrated that Gal-9 suppressed degranulation from the cells stimulated by IgE plus antigen and that the inhibitory effect was completely abrogated in the presence of lactose, indicating lectin activity of Gal-9 is critical.	Lactose	238-245	galectin 9	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
19776007-6	2009	In vitro studies of mast cell degranulation involving RBL-2H3 cells demonstrated that Gal-9 suppressed degranulation from the cells stimulated by IgE plus antigen and that the inhibitory effect was completely abrogated in the presence of lactose, indicating lectin activity of Gal-9 is critical.	Lactose	238-245	galectin 9	Rattus norvegicus	277-282
19758476-6	2009	Samples with detectable levels of SAA had lower casein number and lactose content, but higher whey protein content than samples without SAA.	Lactose	66-73	serum amyloid A protein	Bos taurus	34-37
19947546-1	2009	Plasmids pKS5 and pKSrec30 carrying normal and mutant alleles of Deinococcus radiodurans recA gene controlled by the lactose promoter slightly increase radioresistance of Escherichia coli cells with mutations at genes recA and ssb.	Lactose	117-124	single-stranded DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	227-230
19851880-4	2010	The purposes of this study were to determine the correlations between lactose traits and other milk production traits in dairy cattle and to investigate whether HbG level can be correlated with milk and lactose production traits.	Lactose	203-210	hemoglobin fetal subunit beta	Bos taurus	161-164
19851880-8	2010	The negative correlation between HbG and milk and total lactose production is probably related to the higher glucose demands in the lactating mammary gland of more productive cows.	Lactose	56-63	hemoglobin fetal subunit beta	Bos taurus	33-36
19666150-3	2009	A systematic study on the effect of varying concentrations of YE indicated several folds higher expression of genes viz., human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhGCSF), human interferon alpha 2b (rhIFN-alpha2b) and Staphylokinase (rSAK) in BL21(DE3) cells in the absence of any specific inducer like IPTG or additional lactose.	Lactose	326-333	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	128-165
19808655-9	2009	The higher digestibility of the lactose than the maltodextrin in the formulas can be attributed to a 5- to 20-fold higher hydrolytic activity of tissue-specific lactase than maltases.	Lactose	32-39	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	161-168
19082762-0	2009	Lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase covalently immobilized to thermally stable biopolymers.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-40
19082762-1	2009	Lactose has been hydrolyzed using covalently immobilized beta-galactosidase on thermally stable carrageenan coated with chitosan (hydrogel).	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-75
19863810-6	2009	Single-cell imaging of a DT40 derivative in which the rearranged and diversifying immunoglobulin lambdaR light chain gene is tagged with polymerized lactose operator, DT40 PolyLacO-lambdaR, showed that RAD51D and XRCC2 localize to the diversifying lambdaR gene.	Lactose	149-156	RAD51 paralog D	Gallus gallus	202-208
19863810-6	2009	Single-cell imaging of a DT40 derivative in which the rearranged and diversifying immunoglobulin lambdaR light chain gene is tagged with polymerized lactose operator, DT40 PolyLacO-lambdaR, showed that RAD51D and XRCC2 localize to the diversifying lambdaR gene.	Lactose	149-156	X-ray repair cross complementing 2	Gallus gallus	213-218
19755493-3	2009	We demonstrate here that exogenous Gal-3, but not Gal-1 or Gal-8, promotes cell scattering and formation of lamellipodia in human corneal epithelial cells in a beta-lactose-inhibitable manner.	Lactose	160-172	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-40
19748985-5	2009	By imaging of DT40 polymerized lactose operator-lambda(R) cells, in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged lambda(R) gene, we show that both the repair polymerase Poleta and the multifunctional factor MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 localize to lambda(R), and that lambda(R)/Poleta colocalizations occur predominately in G(1) phase, when they reflect repair of AID-initiated damage.	Lactose	86-93	RAD50 double strand break repair protein	Gallus gallus	223-228
19748985-5	2009	By imaging of DT40 polymerized lactose operator-lambda(R) cells, in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged lambda(R) gene, we show that both the repair polymerase Poleta and the multifunctional factor MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 localize to lambda(R), and that lambda(R)/Poleta colocalizations occur predominately in G(1) phase, when they reflect repair of AID-initiated damage.	Lactose	86-93	nibrin	Gallus gallus	229-233
19410003-6	2009	Lincomycin-induced rCTB expression was inhibited by mutating the lac promoter, suggesting that lincomycin affects the lactose operon.	Lactose	118-125	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
19796383-5	2009	However, the effects of lactose-free products on insulin and glucose metabolism have not been studied.	Lactose	24-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
19805348-1	2009	Lactose repressor protein (LacI) controls transcription of the genes involved in lactose metabolism in bacteria.	Lactose	81-88	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	0-25
19805348-1	2009	Lactose repressor protein (LacI) controls transcription of the genes involved in lactose metabolism in bacteria.	Lactose	81-88	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	27-31
19635795-4	2009	Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose.	Lactose	179-186	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
19635795-4	2009	Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose.	Lactose	179-186	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	30-34
19635795-4	2009	Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose.	Lactose	179-186	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	39-43
19541770-3	2009	The Davanat binding domain covers a relatively large area on the surface of gal-1 that runs across the dimer interface primarily on that side of the protein opposite to the lactose binding site.	Lactose	173-180	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
19541770-4	2009	Our data show that gal-1 binds Davanat with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 10 x 10(-6) M, compared to 260 x 10(-6) M for lactose, and a stiochiometry of about 3 to 6 gal-1 molecules per Davanat molecule.	Lactose	146-153	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
19541770-6	2009	We also found that the beta-galactoside binding domain remains accessible in the gal-1/Davanat complex, as lactose can still bind with no apparent loss in affinity.	Lactose	107-114	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	81-86
19938476-0	2009	[Expression of heterogenous pyruvate carboxylase in Escherichia coli with lactose as inducer and its effect on succinate production].	Lactose	74-81	pyruvate carboxylase	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	28-48
19641853-0	2009	Conformational entropy changes upon lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3.	Lactose	36-43	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	94-104
19641853-3	2009	Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	108-118
19641853-3	2009	Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
19641853-4	2009	We used (15)N spin relaxation experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the backbone amides and secondary amines of the tryptophan and arginine side chains in the ligand-free and lactose-bound states of Gal3.	Lactose	195-202	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	219-223
19649774-0	2009	Introduction: alpha-lactalbumin, a multifunctional protein that specifies lactose synthesis in the Golgi.	Lactose	74-81	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	14-31
19938476-3	2009	We used lactose as a substitute of IPTG to induce pyc.	Lactose	8-15	pyruvate carboxylase	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	50-53
19938476-6	2009	The results showed that pyc can be expressed under lactose induction in the fermentative medium with 15 g/L glucose due to the deficient of ptsG in DC1515.	Lactose	51-58	pyruvate carboxylase	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	24-27
19520056-0	2009	Radiation-induced tetramer-to-dimer transition of Escherichia coli lactose repressor.	Lactose	67-74	repressor	Escherichia coli	75-84
19520056-1	2009	The wild type lactose repressor of Escherichia coli is a tetrameric protein formed by two identical dimers.	Lactose	14-21	repressor	Escherichia coli	22-31
22444837-8	2009	Total milk yield, peak yield and maximum secretion potential were all highly correlated with milk, lactose and water secretion rates but less so with fat and protein secretion rates.	Lactose	99-106	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	6-10
19556244-5	2009	Abrogation of the mucin-galectin interaction in four different mucosal epithelial cell types using competitive carbohydrate inhibitors of galectin binding, beta-lactose and modified citrus pectin, resulted in decreased levels of galectin-3 on the cell surface with concomitant loss of barrier function, as indicated by increased permeability to rose bengal diagnostic dye.	Lactose	156-168	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	18-23
19603745-5	2009	This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand.	Lactose	350-357	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	42-52
19603745-5	2009	This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand.	Lactose	350-357	LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated	Homo sapiens	54-59
19603745-5	2009	This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand.	Lactose	350-357	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	129-139
19603745-5	2009	This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand.	Lactose	350-357	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	129-139
19492862-5	2009	The results confirm the importance of the conserved tryptophan residue in the affinity of the ligand and gives further insights into the mode of interaction between lactose derivatives and human Galectin-1.	Lactose	165-172	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	195-205
19657968-4	2009	In the present work, we identified a lactose-sensitive 14-kDa protein enriched in a microvillar detergent resistant fraction as galectin-2.	Lactose	37-44	galectin 2	Sus scrofa	128-138
19657968-6	2009	Galectin-2 was released more effectively from the membrane by lactose than was galectin-4, and surprisingly, it was also released by the noncanonical disaccharides sucrose and maltose.	Lactose	62-69	galectin 2	Sus scrofa	0-10
19494023-4	2009	The serum concentration of GLP-2, but not GLP-1, markedly increased in rats administered milk protein compared with those given the lactose solution or the cream fraction from 60 to 120 min after administration.	Lactose	132-139	mast cell protease 10	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
19541770-1	2009	Galectins are a sub-family of lectins, defined by their highly conserved beta-sandwich structures and ability to bind to beta-galactosides, like Gal beta1-4 Glc (lactose).	Lactose	162-169	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2	Homo sapiens	149-156
19528601-13	2009	Overall, milk lactose yield (137, 141, 142, and 130 mmol/h for Ctrl, Glc, C3, and NEAAm, respectively) was not modified by the infusions, but was lower with NEAAm compared with Glc and C3.	Lactose	14-21	CTRL	Bos taurus	63-67
19432560-4	2009	We used 15N-1H-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) NMR experiments with 15N-enriched gal-1 to identify the GRG-binding region on gal-1 and found that this region covers a large surface area on gal-1 that includes the quintessential lactose-binding site and runs from that site through a broad valley or cleft towards the dimer interface.	Lactose	242-249	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
19432560-4	2009	We used 15N-1H-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) NMR experiments with 15N-enriched gal-1 to identify the GRG-binding region on gal-1 and found that this region covers a large surface area on gal-1 that includes the quintessential lactose-binding site and runs from that site through a broad valley or cleft towards the dimer interface.	Lactose	242-249	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
19432560-5	2009	HSQC and pulsed-field-gradient NMR diffusion experiments also show that gal-1 binds GRG with a gal-1:GRG stoichiometry of about 5:1 (or 6:1) and with average macroscopic and microscopic equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 8 x 10(-6) M and 40 x 10(-6) M (or 48 x 10(-6) M) respectively, indicating stronger binding than to lactose (Kd=520 x 10(-6) M).	Lactose	329-336	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
19225046-7	2009	Inhibited receptor internalization caused by the expression of GnT-Va siRNA appeared to be independent of galectin binding since decreased EGFR internalization in the knockdown cells was not affected by the treatment of the cells with lactose, a galectin inhibitor.	Lactose	235-242	alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-69
19429273-6	2009	The retained biological activity of lysozyme increased with increased lactose concentration in the formulation, and approximately 99% biological activity was retained when 20% (w/w) lactose was used.	Lactose	70-77	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	36-44
19429273-6	2009	The retained biological activity of lysozyme increased with increased lactose concentration in the formulation, and approximately 99% biological activity was retained when 20% (w/w) lactose was used.	Lactose	182-189	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	36-44
18704543-1	2009	SUMMARY: LCT 13910 CC genotype is associated with lactose intolerance, a condition often resulting in reduced milk intake.	Lactose	50-57	lactase	Homo sapiens	9-12
18949555-5	2009	Moreover, adhesion and galectin-3 binding to cells were specifically inhibited with lactose.	Lactose	84-91	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	23-33
19629189-1	2009	BACKGROUND: The lactase enzyme allows lactose digestion in fresh milk.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Homo sapiens	16-23
19281626-6	2009	High SCC samples had lower lactose and casein contents, lower casein number and more proteolysis than low SCC samples.	Lactose	27-34	SCC	Bos taurus	5-8
19128029-0	2009	Critical role of the solvent environment in galectin-1 binding to the disaccharide lactose.	Lactose	83-90	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	44-54
18694425-11	2009	alpha-Lactalbumin concentrations were positively correlated with milk protein concentration, milk fat concentration and lactose concentration.	Lactose	120-127	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	0-17
19089660-4	2009	The recombinant LTB (rLTB) was efficiently expressed under the induction of 10 g/l lactose at 37 degrees C for 6 h and yielded up to 31% of the total bacterial protein.	Lactose	83-90	lymphotoxin beta	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
19164680-7	2009	Supplementary B-vitamins increased milk production from 34.7 to 38.9 +/- 1.0 kg/d and increased milk lactose, protein, and total solids yields.	Lactose	101-108	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	96-100
19164680-8	2009	Whole-body glucose flux tended to increase with vitamin supplementation with a similar quantitative magnitude as the milk lactose yield increase.	Lactose	122-129	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	117-121
19089660-4	2009	The recombinant LTB (rLTB) was efficiently expressed under the induction of 10 g/l lactose at 37 degrees C for 6 h and yielded up to 31% of the total bacterial protein.	Lactose	83-90	lymphotoxin beta	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
22444169-7	2009	There was a significant lactose x seaweed extract interaction (P < 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) during the experimental period (days 0 to 21).	Lactose	24-31	ADG	Sus scrofa	99-102
19388523-2	2009	Lactose intolerance is a result of lactase deficiency or lack of lactase and lactose malabsorption.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
19388523-6	2009	The diagnosis of lactose intolerance is based on the breath hydrogen test and analysis of lactase activity in the small intestine mucosa.	Lactose	17-24	lactase	Homo sapiens	90-97
18957377-7	2009	These findings are discussed in relation to the functional role that arginine282 may play in the way PepT1 operates, together with structural information from the homology model of PepT1 based on the Escherichia coli lactose permease crystal structure.	Lactose	217-224	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-106
18957377-7	2009	These findings are discussed in relation to the functional role that arginine282 may play in the way PepT1 operates, together with structural information from the homology model of PepT1 based on the Escherichia coli lactose permease crystal structure.	Lactose	217-224	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	181-186
19098857-2	2009	METHODS: The quantitative expression of CD64 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in patients with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n=76), infectious enterocolitis, lactose and/or fructose intolerance, and healthy subjects.	Lactose	210-217	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	40-44
19098857-3	2009	RESULTS: The quantitative expression of CD64 in patients with active IBD (3,398+/-3,589 molecules per PMN, n=27) was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (607+/-265, n=28, P<0.001) or in patients with lactose/fructose intolerance (531+/-150, n=32, P<0.001).	Lactose	213-220	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	40-44
19098857-5	2009	With a cutoff point of 800, CD64 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 93% in discriminating between lactose/fructose intolerance and active IBD.	Lactose	109-116	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	28-32
18704543-3	2009	INTRODUCTION: The CC genotype of the 13910 C/T polymorphism of the LCT gene is linked to lactose intolerance and low calcium intake.	Lactose	89-96	lactase	Homo sapiens	67-70
22444169-8	2009	At the low and medium levels of lactose, there was an increase in ADG as the level of seaweed extract increased to 2 g/kg (P < 0.05).	Lactose	32-39	ADG	Sus scrofa	66-69
18698649-3	2009	In the process studied, the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) oxidizes lactose at the C-1 position of the reducing sugar moiety to lactobionolactone, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to lactobionic acid.	Lactose	75-82	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	35-59
18698649-3	2009	In the process studied, the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) oxidizes lactose at the C-1 position of the reducing sugar moiety to lactobionolactone, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to lactobionic acid.	Lactose	75-82	choline dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
18849325-6	2009	The enhanced uptake relied on the presence of galectin-3 during the cellular interaction and was paralleled by lectin binding to apoptotic cells as well as MDM in a lactose-dependent manner.	Lactose	165-172	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	46-56
19149159-9	2008	Pro-Q Diamond staining analysis revealed that lactose trigger Tal phosphorylation at 43 T /47 S, and inhibited Pyk phosphorylation at 65 S. These proteins were identified for the first time as bifidobacterial phosphoproteins.	Lactose	46-53	transaldolase 1	Homo sapiens	62-65
19459443-6	2009	As far as milk composition is concerned, an increased SCC level was connected with raise in a total crude protein content and a distinct reduction in lactose level (P < or = 0.01) as well as with a small (P < or = 0.05) increase in fat and casein content, and elevation in protein to fat ratio.	Lactose	150-157	SCC	Bos taurus	54-57
19459443-8	2009	The significant relationship (breed x SCC) for the protein, casein and lactose content, protein to fat ratio as well as rennet milk coagulation time has been revealed.	Lactose	71-78	SCC	Bos taurus	38-41
19960866-2	2009	All mammals, apart from white Northern Europeans and few tribes in Africa and Asia, lose most of their lactase, the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning.	Lactose	136-143	lactase	Homo sapiens	103-110
19960866-4	2009	The molecular basis of inherited hypolactasia has yet to be identified, though two polymorphisms in the introns of a helicase upstream from the lactase gene correlate closely with hypolactasia, and thus lactose intolerance.	Lactose	203-210	lactase	Homo sapiens	144-151
18725453-5	2008	The effect was inhibited by the competitor lactose and required the affinity of galectin-3 for N-acetyllactosamine, a saccharide typically found on cell surface glycoproteins.	Lactose	43-50	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	80-90
18985467-6	2009	Native alpha-lactalbumin functions as a substrate specifier in lactose synthesis, but when partially unfolded the protein binds oleic acid and forms the tumoricidal HAMLET complex.	Lactose	63-70	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	7-24
19038951-12	2008	Milk lactose was greater only for CS60, but milk lactose yield was greater for CS50 and CS60 than for ALF.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
19038951-12	2008	Milk lactose was greater only for CS60, but milk lactose yield was greater for CS50 and CS60 than for ALF.	Lactose	49-56	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	44-48
19149159-9	2008	Pro-Q Diamond staining analysis revealed that lactose trigger Tal phosphorylation at 43 T /47 S, and inhibited Pyk phosphorylation at 65 S. These proteins were identified for the first time as bifidobacterial phosphoproteins.	Lactose	46-53	phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
18822024-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Lactose, beta-galactose-1,4-glucose, is hydrolysed by the enzyme lactase.	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	77-84
18831752-9	2008	Bovine low-fat fluid milk is a safe and effective post exercise beverage for most individuals, except for those who are lactose intolerant.	Lactose	120-127	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	21-25
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Lactose	0-7	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	68-72
18662664-3	2008	Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect.	Lactose	0-7	general transcription factor IIi	Homo sapiens	86-92
18450743-6	2008	Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody.	Lactose	330-337	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
19145933-2	2008	Lactose intolerance is a result of lactase deficiency or lack of lactase and lactose malabsorption.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
18597104-7	2008	Labeled galectin-3 revealed lactose-inhibitable binding to granulosa cells.	Lactose	28-35	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	8-18
18684969-7	2008	In contrast, blocking galectin-3 binding sites by using a neutralizing Ab or its ligand, beta-lactose, enhanced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by wild-type macrophages.	Lactose	89-101	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	22-32
18450743-6	2008	Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody.	Lactose	330-337	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	148-158
18509838-9	2008	Alternate and cone versions of calix[4]arene with lactose units distinguished between galectins-1 and -4 versus galectin-3 in cell assays.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	86-104
18509838-9	2008	Alternate and cone versions of calix[4]arene with lactose units distinguished between galectins-1 and -4 versus galectin-3 in cell assays.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	112-122
18828671-2	2008	We directly examined in vitro loop formation mediated by Escherichia coli lactose repressor using single-molecule structural and kinetics methods.	Lactose	74-81	repressor	Escherichia coli	82-91
18607104-0	2008	Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of mouse galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with lactose.	Lactose	138-145	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	68-78
18607104-2	2008	With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands).	Lactose	191-198	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	58-68
18607104-2	2008	With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands).	Lactose	191-198	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	70-76
18607104-2	2008	With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands).	Lactose	191-198	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	168-174
18450743-6	2008	Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody.	Lactose	330-337	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	148-158
18548211-8	2008	Lactose intolerance is attributed to low intestinal lactase levels, due to reduced genetic expression or mucosal injury and consequent intolerance to dairy products.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	52-59
18374527-8	2008	The physical characterization results indicated that even though anhydrous lactose undergoes complete form conversion to monohydrate form under high humidity and/or during wet granulation, it retains its inherent higher as received material compactibility and the BET surface area and porosity of the form converted material are higher than that of the as received anhydrous lactose.	Lactose	75-82	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	264-267
18837381-2	2008	Commercial GOS are synthesized from lactose using the transglycosylation activity of beta-galactosidase from microorganisms.	Lactose	36-43	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-103
18393823-10	2008	The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA), which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation.	Lactose	215-222	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	29-40
18336593-14	2008	In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation.	Lactose	25-32	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	89-94
18336593-14	2008	In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation.	Lactose	25-32	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	137-142
18487657-10	2008	Milk yield and milksolids (fat + protein) were overpredicted by approximately 30% even though both annual and monthly pasture and supplement intake were predicted with acceptable accuracy, suggesting that the metabolic conversion of feed to fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland needs to be refined.	Lactose	259-266	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
18302939-5	2008	Galectin-3-induced apoptosis was completely prevented by lactose, neutralizing antibody to RAGE, and the caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk.	Lactose	57-64	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
18302939-7	2008	Moreover, galectin-3 but not galectin-1 induced the release of superoxide, which was blocked by lactose, anti-RAGE, and dithiothreitol.	Lactose	96-103	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	10-20
18393823-10	2008	The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA), which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation.	Lactose	215-222	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	109-126
18575444-6	2008	In vivo, the injection of GDF-5 (100 microg) or OP-1(100 microg in 10 microL 5% lactose) resulted in a restoration of disc height, improvement of magnetic resonance imaging scores, and histologic grading scores had statistical significance.	Lactose	80-87	growth differentiation factor 5	Homo sapiens	26-31
18575444-6	2008	In vivo, the injection of GDF-5 (100 microg) or OP-1(100 microg in 10 microL 5% lactose) resulted in a restoration of disc height, improvement of magnetic resonance imaging scores, and histologic grading scores had statistical significance.	Lactose	80-87	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	48-52
18005988-4	2008	Here we report the crystal structures of the human galectin-9 N-terminal CRD (NCRD) in the presence of lactose and Forssman pentasaccharide.	Lactose	103-110	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	51-61
18191867-4	2008	Double-quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY) was applied to identify DP-1 as beta-N-lactosylamlodipine by suppressing the residual water signal without affecting the sample signal and by measuring the coupling constant of the lactose anomeric proton.	Lactose	241-248	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	84-88
17420110-0	2008	Separation of protein and lactose intake over meals dissociates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and reduces postprandial insulin responses in heavy veal calves.	Lactose	26-33	insulin	Bos taurus	89-96
17420110-0	2008	Separation of protein and lactose intake over meals dissociates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and reduces postprandial insulin responses in heavy veal calves.	Lactose	26-33	insulin	Bos taurus	137-144
17420110-14	2008	In conclusion, separation of protein and lactose intake over meals inhibited insulin responses to a lactose-rich meal in heavy veal calves despite high plasma glucose concentrations.	Lactose	41-48	insulin	Bos taurus	77-84
17420110-14	2008	In conclusion, separation of protein and lactose intake over meals inhibited insulin responses to a lactose-rich meal in heavy veal calves despite high plasma glucose concentrations.	Lactose	100-107	insulin	Bos taurus	77-84
17956597-6	2008	RESULTS: Lactose is found only in mammalian milk and is hydrolysed by lactase in the small intestine.	Lactose	9-16	lactase	Homo sapiens	70-77
17956597-8	2008	"Wild-type" is characterized by lactase nonpersistence, often leading to lactose intolerance.	Lactose	73-80	lactase	Homo sapiens	32-39
18460740-2	2008	In order to better understand this protein, galectin-3 from papillary thyroid carcinoma was partially purified by affinity chromatography on lactose-agarose.	Lactose	141-148	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	44-54
17893094-7	2007	All of these effects were prevented by the addition of thiodigalactoside (TDG) or lactose, thus indicating that the proapoptotic activity of galectin-8 was due to the specific interaction of its CRDs with defined cell surface glycans.	Lactose	82-89	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 8	Mus musculus	141-151
18607792-1	2008	The alpha-lactalbumin is a subunit of lactose-synthase, an enzyme responsible for lactose production, a disaccharide that influences milk production.	Lactose	38-45	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	4-21
18034639-0	2008	Simultaneous genotyping of the three lactose tolerance-linked polymorphisms LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G with Pyrosequencing technology.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	76-79
18034639-1	2008	BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run.	Lactose	177-184	lactase	Homo sapiens	196-199
18034639-1	2008	BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run.	Lactose	177-184	lactase	Homo sapiens	214-217
18034639-1	2008	BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run.	Lactose	177-184	lactase	Homo sapiens	214-217
18206415-3	2008	We showed that elastokines such as (VGVAPG)(3) peptide and kappa elastin induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a time-, concentration- and receptor-dependent manner as it could be abolished by lactose and a receptor-derived competitive peptide.	Lactose	195-202	elastin	Homo sapiens	65-72
18444163-2	2008	The control of lactose digestion phenotypically divides populations into those who can [lactase persistent (LP)] and those who cannot [lactase nonpersistent (LNP)] assimilate lactose.	Lactose	15-22	lactase	Homo sapiens	88-95
18444163-2	2008	The control of lactose digestion phenotypically divides populations into those who can [lactase persistent (LP)] and those who cannot [lactase nonpersistent (LNP)] assimilate lactose.	Lactose	15-22	lactase	Homo sapiens	135-142
17920528-4	2007	The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of BS and lactose-BS (L-BS) on the pathophysiological process in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice.	Lactose	74-81	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	129-138
18043507-1	2008	Lactogenic hormones cause intracellular targeting of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) for transport of glucose to the site of lactose synthesis in mammary glands.	Lactose	123-130	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	53-74
18043507-1	2008	Lactogenic hormones cause intracellular targeting of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) for transport of glucose to the site of lactose synthesis in mammary glands.	Lactose	123-130	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	76-81
18043507-8	2008	This machinery offers another level of regulation of lactose synthesis by altering GLUT1 targeting within minutes to hours.	Lactose	53-60	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	83-88
18338574-2	2008	Commercial GOS containing galactose as subunit, are synthesized from lactose using the galactosyl-transferase activity of beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	28-35	AL522_RS06750	Pantoea agglomerans	122-140
17537433-9	2007	The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1.	Lactose	60-67	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	9-14
17537433-9	2007	The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1.	Lactose	60-67	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	44-54
17537433-9	2007	The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1.	Lactose	60-67	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
17525829-5	2007	Also SRPP showed approximately 15 and 2 fold potent anti hemagglutination activity relative to that of galectin-3 specific sugars-galactose (MIC-27.1 microg ml(-1)) and lactose (MIC-4.16 microg ml(-1)) respectively.	Lactose	132-139	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	103-113
18185074-0	2007	Lactose and lactase--who is lactose intolerant and why?	Lactose	28-35	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
17934640-0	2007	Correlation between lactose absorption and the C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 mutations of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene in adult-type hypolactasia.	Lactose	20-27	lactase	Homo sapiens	88-115
17934640-0	2007	Correlation between lactose absorption and the C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 mutations of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene in adult-type hypolactasia.	Lactose	20-27	lactase	Homo sapiens	117-120
18025226-5	2007	Inhibition studies with specific mAbs as well as lactose demonstrated that: 1) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 mediates rolling and adhesion on VCAM-1; 2) alpha(4) integrin mediates eosinophil rolling on immobilized Gal-3; and 3) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 interacts with immobilized Gal-3 through the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3 during eosinophil trafficking.	Lactose	49-56	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	100-105
17706627-0	2007	Lactase persistence/non-persistence variants, C/T_13910 and G/A_22018, as a diagnostic tool for lactose intolerance in IBS patients.	Lactose	96-103	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
17311063-8	2007	RESULTS: We found that all 49 individuals with lactose malabsorption, demonstrated by a combination of different breath hydrogen tests and clinical assessment, carried the C/C-13910 genotype associated with lactase non-persistence, 23 individuals with lactose normal absorption carried the C/T-13910 genotype associated with lactase persistence and only one person with the above phenotype showed a discordant C/C-13910 genotype.	Lactose	47-54	lactase	Homo sapiens	207-214
18070751-6	2007	Interestingly, the level of serum 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the Fat+Lac group on Day 84 was reduced by 74% compared with the Fat group (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups.	Lactose	78-81	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
18070751-6	2007	Interestingly, the level of serum 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the Fat+Lac group on Day 84 was reduced by 74% compared with the Fat group (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups.	Lactose	262-265	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
17692094-1	2007	Type A neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column.	Lactose	86-93	neurotoxin	Clostridium botulinum	7-17
17651714-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	186-193
18320098-6	2007	MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rational basis for the use of lactulose was established by a comparison of the kinetics of lactulose and lactose on intestinal lactase.	Lactose	130-137	lactase	Homo sapiens	152-159
18320098-9	2007	RESULTS: The kinetics data showed that lactase is 240 times less efficient in presence of lactulose than it is in presence of lactose.	Lactose	126-133	lactase	Homo sapiens	39-46
17880262-5	2007	We directly demonstrated the importance of chromatin structure for gene conversion, using a regulatable experimental system in which the heterochromatin protein HP1 (Drosophila melanogaster Su[var]205), expressed as a fusion to Escherichia coli lactose repressor, is tethered to polymerized lactose operators integrated within the pseudo-Vlambda donor array.	Lactose	245-252	Heterochromatin Protein 1c	Drosophila melanogaster	161-164
17880262-5	2007	We directly demonstrated the importance of chromatin structure for gene conversion, using a regulatable experimental system in which the heterochromatin protein HP1 (Drosophila melanogaster Su[var]205), expressed as a fusion to Escherichia coli lactose repressor, is tethered to polymerized lactose operators integrated within the pseudo-Vlambda donor array.	Lactose	291-298	Heterochromatin Protein 1c	Drosophila melanogaster	161-164
17715970-3	2007	The temporal evolution of the TR3 spectra also indicates that recombination of these two radical species occurs with a time constant of about 1170 ns to produce a LAT (light absorbing transient) intermediate that is identified as the 2-[4-(hydroxylphenylmethylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]propan-2-ol (p-LAT) species.	Lactose	163-166	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
17506819-1	2007	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62) is a brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzyme in intestinal cells that hydrolyse lactose, the most important sugar in milk.	Lactose	136-143	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
17506819-1	2007	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62) is a brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzyme in intestinal cells that hydrolyse lactose, the most important sugar in milk.	Lactose	136-143	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
17546711-2	2007	The PEGylated polyplexes thus prepared had a size of approximately 110 nm with clustered lactose moieties on their periphery as targeting ligands for the asialoglycoprotein-receptor-expressing HuH-7 cells.	Lactose	89-96	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	193-198
17651714-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	200-203
17651714-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	259-266
17478481-2	2007	Lactase nonpersistence may determine a primary lactose intolerance with reduced diary product consumption, which is possibly related to an increased risk of colon cancer.	Lactose	47-54	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
17574225-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (-13910 C/T and -22018 G/A) upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) have been found to be associated with lactose tolerance in Europeans.	Lactose	149-156	lactase	Homo sapiens	92-99
17574225-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (-13910 C/T and -22018 G/A) upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) have been found to be associated with lactose tolerance in Europeans.	Lactose	149-156	lactase	Homo sapiens	106-109
17574225-3	2007	RESULTS: The coincidence between a genotype suggesting lactase non-persistence (lactose intolerance) and a positive HBT result was almost perfect (97.4% for LCT-13910 C/T and 100% for LCT-22018 G/A).	Lactose	80-87	lactase	Homo sapiens	55-62
17574225-4	2007	Between a genotype indicating lactase persistence (lactose tolerance) and a negative HBT result the coincidence was lower (72% and 71.4%, respectively).	Lactose	51-58	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
17574225-7	2007	CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of LCT-13910 C/T and LCT-22018 G/A is a good indicator for the presence of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	104-111	lactase	Homo sapiens	32-35
17574225-7	2007	CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of LCT-13910 C/T and LCT-22018 G/A is a good indicator for the presence of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	104-111	lactase	Homo sapiens	50-53
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	53-60	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	53-60	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	177-184	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
17635782-11	2007	It was concluded that deviations in lactose content within front and rear quarters, respectively, may be a useful tool for detection of moderately increased SCC in separate udder quarters.	Lactose	36-43	SCC	Bos taurus	157-160
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	177-184	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	177-184	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
17459724-3	2007	Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	177-184	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
17452322-3	2007	Here, we investigated the cellular function of the single galactokinase GAL1 in the multicellular ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (=Trichoderma reesei) in the induction of the gal genes and of the galactokinase-dependent induction of the cellulase genes by lactose (1,4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose).	Lactose	254-261	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-71
17452322-3	2007	Here, we investigated the cellular function of the single galactokinase GAL1 in the multicellular ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (=Trichoderma reesei) in the induction of the gal genes and of the galactokinase-dependent induction of the cellulase genes by lactose (1,4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose).	Lactose	254-261	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-76
17327233-3	2007	As lactose blocked this effect, the elastin receptor sialidase subunit, Neu-1, seemed to be involved.	Lactose	3-10	elastin	Homo sapiens	36-43
17291389-4	2007	The study revealed that the pH value and the lactose content of the milk were affected by high SCC and that the coagulation properties were dependent on the somatic cell content.	Lactose	45-52	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	95-98
17373821-8	2007	Molecular modeling shows favorable interactions of 3- and 12-lactose-purpurinimide analogues with both galectin-1 and galectin-3, but clear contributions were not found for the conjugate containing lactose moiety at position 8.	Lactose	61-68	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
17373821-8	2007	Molecular modeling shows favorable interactions of 3- and 12-lactose-purpurinimide analogues with both galectin-1 and galectin-3, but clear contributions were not found for the conjugate containing lactose moiety at position 8.	Lactose	61-68	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	118-128
17451431-5	2007	Furthermore, cell fusion was reduced (specifically) by the disaccharide lactose, a known ligand for the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin 3, suggesting that the association was functional.	Lactose	72-79	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	139-149
17495776-11	2007	In the chondroitinase ABC/recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 group, the disc height index showed a significant increase at 6 weeks (lactose vs. recombinant human osteogenic protein-1; P < 0.01); this recovery was sustained for up to 16 weeks.	Lactose	136-143	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	44-64
17507622-4	2007	Digestion of lactose is dependent on lactase activity in the intestinal wall.	Lactose	13-20	lactase	Homo sapiens	37-44
17507622-9	2007	A statistically significantly higher (P < 0.01) lactose intake was observed among subjects with high lactase activity (C/T and T/T genotypes) compared with those with low lactase activity (C/C genotype).	Lactose	51-58	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
17473523-6	2007	By spray-coating the insulin-loaded lactose particles with the acrylic terpolymers, microcapsules showing a pH-independent delayed-release profile can be obtained.	Lactose	36-43	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	21-28
17327233-3	2007	As lactose blocked this effect, the elastin receptor sialidase subunit, Neu-1, seemed to be involved.	Lactose	3-10	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
17357984-2	2007	After a lactosylation period of 4 days in aqueous solution, at 65 degrees C and pH 6.8 in a protein: lactose ratio of 1000 the proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed by the three milk relevant proteases plasmin, cathepsin D, and chymosin.	Lactose	101-108	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	203-210
17385862-6	2007	The approach is validated through the observation of bound-state RDCs for the disaccharide, lactose, bound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the mammalian lectin, galectin-3.	Lactose	92-99	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	171-181
17394124-0	2007	Induction of macrophage migration through lactose-insensitive receptor by elastin-derived nonapeptides and their analog.	Lactose	42-49	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
17394124-9	2007	Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose.	Lactose	98-105	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	259-282
17394124-9	2007	Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose.	Lactose	98-105	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	284-287
17394124-9	2007	Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose.	Lactose	98-105	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	259-282
17394124-9	2007	Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose.	Lactose	98-105	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	284-287
17394124-10	2007	These results suggest that Leu, Phe and Ile residues at the sixth position of elastin-derived nonapeptides are crucial for inducing macrophage migration and in particular, Ile residue is important for the recognition by receptor insensitive to lactose.	Lactose	244-251	elastin	Homo sapiens	78-85
17360422-1	2007	Lactase persistence (LP), the dominant Mendelian trait conferring the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose in adults, has risen to high frequency in central and northern Europeans in the last 20,000 years.	Lactose	103-110	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
16860458-2	2007	Here, we examine sugars that bind the lactose repressor protein (LacI) and modify repressor affinity for operator DNA using isothermal titration calorimetry and equilibrium DNA binding experiments.	Lactose	38-45	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	65-69
17327679-0	2007	Slow diffusion of lactose out of galectin-3 crystals monitored by X-ray crystallography: possible implications for ligand-exchange protocols.	Lactose	18-25	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	33-43
17327679-4	2007	Removal of cocrystallized lactose from the human galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain was achieved via crystal soaking, but took weeks despite low affinity.	Lactose	26-33	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	49-59
17224213-2	2007	It was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein (Hsp65-6 x P277) was expressed effectively as soluble protein after inducing by lactose.	Lactose	155-162	heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin)	Mus musculus	76-81
17197189-3	2007	The N-Troc-protected glucosamine glycosyl donor and 3"-O-unprotected lactose glycosyl acceptor were condensed in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate and methylsulfenyl bromide to provide corresponding trisaccharide with new beta-1-3 linkages in 92% yield.	Lactose	69-76	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	237-245
17189612-4	2007	We report here that lactose and anti-galectin-3 antibodies completely abrogate homotypic aggregation induced by anti-CD13 antibodies.	Lactose	20-27	alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane	Homo sapiens	117-121
16774908-0	2006	Novel carbohydrate-binding activity of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase toward lactose/N-acetyllactosamine sequences.	Lactose	78-85	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	52-70
17297934-6	2007	Cholera toxin (added as the B-subunit) (CTB) binds to the lactose derivative and induces aggregation of the nanoparticles.	Lactose	58-65	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	40-43
17297934-12	2007	The stability of the lactose-stabilized nanoparticles was established by freeze-drying and then resuspending the particles in water and subsequently measuring CTB in biologically relevant electrolyte solutions.	Lactose	21-28	phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline	Homo sapiens	159-162
17120047-0	2007	A novel polymorphism associated with lactose tolerance in Africa: multiple causes for lactase persistence?	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	86-93
17030689-4	2006	The chemotactic response was significantly diminished by pretreatment of macrophages with lactose or with the elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG and by pretreatment of samples with a monoclonal antibody directed against an EBP recognition sequence.	Lactose	90-97	phenylalkylamine Ca2+ antagonist (emopamil) binding protein	Mus musculus	219-222
17345962-3	2007	Rarely, some infants are born with an inability to digest lactase (congenital lactase deficiency or CLD) due to low levels of LPH activity, which results in severe clinical consequences if not properly diagnosed and treated by lactose avoidance.	Lactose	227-234	lactase	Homo sapiens	58-65
17345962-3	2007	Rarely, some infants are born with an inability to digest lactase (congenital lactase deficiency or CLD) due to low levels of LPH activity, which results in severe clinical consequences if not properly diagnosed and treated by lactose avoidance.	Lactose	227-234	lactase	Homo sapiens	126-129
17701488-0	2007	Lactose biosensor based on lactase and galactose oxidase immobilized in polyvinyl formal.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
17701488-1	2007	A lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase and galactose oxidase in a polyvinyl formal membrane and was attached to the oxygen electrode of a dissolved oxygen analyzer for estimation of lactose in milk and food products.	Lactose	2-9	lactase	Homo sapiens	50-57
17373452-4	2007	The principle of the method is the hydrolysis of lactose to D-glucose and D-galactose by beta-galactosidase, followed by the oxidation of beta-D-galactose by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the presence of beta-galactose dehydrogenase.	Lactose	49-56	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	89-107
17190185-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of lactose intolerance (LI) by cloning the mouse lactase cDNA and recombining a vector.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Mus musculus	83-90
17190185-7	2006	CONCLUSION: BALB/c mouse LPH cDNA (GenBank accession No: AY751548) provides a necessary foundation for study of the biological function and regulatory mechanism of the lactose intolerance in mice.	Lactose	168-175	lactase	Mus musculus	25-28
16774908-7	2006	Lactose was found to activate beta-glucuronidase noncompetitively, indicating that the lactose-binding site is different from the substrate-binding site.	Lactose	0-7	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	30-48
16774908-7	2006	Lactose was found to activate beta-glucuronidase noncompetitively, indicating that the lactose-binding site is different from the substrate-binding site.	Lactose	87-94	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	30-48
16774908-8	2006	Binding studies with biotinyl glycoproteins, lipids, and synthetic sugar probes revealed that beta-glucuronidase binds to N-acetyllactosamine/lactose-containing glycoconjugates at neutral pH.	Lactose	142-149	beta-glucuronidase	Bos taurus	94-112
16774908-9	2006	The results indicated the presence of N-acetyllactosamine/lactose-binding activity in BLG and provided an effective purification method utilizing the novel carbohydrate binding activity.	Lactose	58-65	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	86-89
16903671-3	2006	The glycosyl donor derived from galactose and the glycosyl acceptor derived from lactose were condensed in the presence of silver triflate as the best promoter to provide corresponding trisaccharide with newly formed alpha-1-4 linkages in 90% yield.	Lactose	34-41	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	217-226
17133732-1	2006	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in the luminal surface of enterocytes in the intestine is responsible for lactose intolerance, a phenomenon prevalent in humans worldwide.	Lactose	147-154	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
17133732-1	2006	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in the luminal surface of enterocytes in the intestine is responsible for lactose intolerance, a phenomenon prevalent in humans worldwide.	Lactose	147-154	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
17133732-5	2006	The present review describes the recent developments in understanding the regulation of lactase expression and the possible mechanism of adult-type hypolactasia, as a cause of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	176-183	lactase	Homo sapiens	88-95
16968103-0	2006	Effect of protein, nonprotein-soluble components, and lactose concentrations on the irreversible thermal denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin in skim milk.	Lactose	54-61	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	144-161
16968103-1	2006	The effect of protein, nonprotein-soluble components, and lactose concentrations on the irreversible denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) in reconstituted skim milk samples was studied over a wide temperature range (75-100 degrees C).	Lactose	58-65	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	169-177
16968103-4	2006	At all temperatures, the irreversible denaturations of beta-LG and alpha-LA were enhanced at a higher protein concentration and were retarded when the nonprotein-soluble components and lactose concentrations were increased.	Lactose	185-192	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	67-75
16968103-5	2006	The effects of increasing the concentrations of lactose and nonprotein-soluble components were interpreted using the preferential hydration theory and allowed for the interpretation of the changes in the denaturations of beta-LG and alpha-LA when the milk total solids concentration was increased.	Lactose	48-55	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	233-241
16934214-0	2006	Effect of salt bridge on transcription activation of CRP-dependent lactose operon in Escherichia coli.	Lactose	67-74	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	53-56
16769778-7	2006	Importantly, the presence of the disaccharide lactose prevented Gal-1 effects, suggesting the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD).	Lactose	46-53	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	64-69
16951027-3	2006	Children with suspected lactose intolerance can be assessed clinically by dietary lactose elimination or by tests including noninvasive hydrogen breath testing or invasive intestinal biopsy determination of lactase (and other disaccharidase) concentrations.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	207-214
16819165-3	2006	AnxA3 expression was significantly reduced in hepatocytes cultured under various growth inhibitory conditions such as presence of dexamethasone, culture at subconfluent cell density, and on EHS-Matrigel and lactose-carrying styrene polymer.	Lactose	207-214	annexin A3	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16518858-6	2006	As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3.	Lactose	103-110	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	24-30
16518858-6	2006	As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3.	Lactose	103-110	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	34-44
16697988-0	2006	Synthesis of multivalent lactose derivatives by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: selective galectin-1 inhibition.	Lactose	25-32	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	86-96
16697988-2	2006	Evaluation of the compounds as inhibitors against the tumour- and inflammation-related galectin-1, -3, -4N, -4C, -4, -7, -8N and -9N revealed a divalent compound with a Kd value as low as 3.2 microM for galectin-1, which corresponded to a relative potency of 30 per lactose unit as compared to the natural disaccharide ligand lactose.	Lactose	266-273	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	87-97
16697988-2	2006	Evaluation of the compounds as inhibitors against the tumour- and inflammation-related galectin-1, -3, -4N, -4C, -4, -7, -8N and -9N revealed a divalent compound with a Kd value as low as 3.2 microM for galectin-1, which corresponded to a relative potency of 30 per lactose unit as compared to the natural disaccharide ligand lactose.	Lactose	326-333	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	87-97
16840633-7	2006	A specific allele of the DGAT1 promoter VNTR showed significant effects on the traits lactose yield and content, milk energy content, and SCS compared with the other alleles.	Lactose	86-93	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	25-30
21158085-11	2006	The 1 alpha hydroxylase gene was expressed at very higher levels in the vitamin D receptor mutant mice than in wild-type mice when animals received a high calcium intake; This was reduced by eliminating hypocalcaemia with the high lactose diet.	Lactose	231-238	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	72-90
21158085-12	2006	Expression of the 24(OH)ase gene was extremely down-regulated in two mutant mice on the high calcium diet but was restored to wild-type levels on the high lactose diet.	Lactose	155-162	cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	18-27
16818789-9	2006	Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3.	Lactose	120-127	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	8-18
16818789-9	2006	Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3.	Lactose	120-127	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	193-203
16772565-9	2006	Lactose decreased with increasing SCC level but remained unchanged during milking.	Lactose	0-7	SCC	Bos taurus	34-37
16885123-2	2006	The deposition was studied by investigating the dispersion and deaggregation of insulin from the carrier lactose using an Andersen cascade impactor and twin stage impinger.	Lactose	105-112	insulin	Cavia porcellus	80-87
16885123-15	2006	Hence, it was concluded that the availability of insulin for systemic absorption depends on the particle size of the drug as well as the carrier lactose.	Lactose	145-152	insulin	Cavia porcellus	49-56
16600537-9	2006	Quantitatively, the addition of lactose yielded release rate constants 1.2-3.6 times greater than the value for lactose-free compacts in the case of benzoic acid and two- to five-fold in the case of insulin.	Lactose	32-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	199-206
16751604-0	2006	Enhancement of bound-state residual dipolar couplings: conformational analysis of lactose bound to Galectin-3.	Lactose	82-89	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	99-109
16606733-9	2006	Milk lactose content was higher on diets A and C than on B. Ruminal NH3 was higher on diet D vs. B, but other ruminal metabolites, apparent nutrient digestibility, and estimated bacterial CP synthesis did not differ across diets.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
16470870-5	2006	Maximum GOS3 synthesis was reached at a water activity interval of 0.44-0.57, with lactose concentrations of 0.06%-0.1%, while GOS4 and GOS5 maxima were reached at water activity intervals of 0.47-0.57 and 0.49-0.60, respectively.	Lactose	83-90	FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	8-12
16582847-15	2006	MRI grading score showed significant differences between the OP-1 and lactose groups at the 8, 12, and 24-week times, suggesting an increase in water content in the nucleus pulposus of the OP-1 group.	Lactose	70-77	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	189-193
16636462-4	2006	Myricitrin was galactosylated by beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using lactose as a sugar donor.	Lactose	82-89	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
16542374-2	2006	Bovine serum albumin was conjugated with lactose by redox to prepare lactosylated bovine serum albumin (LacBSA).	Lactose	41-48	albumin	Mus musculus	7-20
16542374-2	2006	Bovine serum albumin was conjugated with lactose by redox to prepare lactosylated bovine serum albumin (LacBSA).	Lactose	41-48	albumin	Mus musculus	89-102
16166344-5	2006	Both ENT and GLP-2 pigs had larger intestine weights, longer villi, and higher lactose digestive capacity and in vivo net glucose and galactose absorption compared with TPN alone.	Lactose	79-86	glucagon	Homo sapiens	13-18
16517173-3	2006	In the lactating mammary gland, PRL increases the production of milk proteins, lactose and lipids.	Lactose	79-86	prolactin	Homo sapiens	32-35
16174528-7	2006	We designed lactose or galactose moieties to attach to the end of the PEG chain that connects to the SPG side chain.	Lactose	12-19	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
16166344-8	2006	Our findings indicate that GLP-2 treatment during chronic TPN maintains intestinal structure and lactose digestive and hexose absorptive capacities, reduces intestinal hexose metabolism, and may facilitate the transition to enteral feeding in TPN-fed infants.	Lactose	97-104	glucagon	Homo sapiens	27-32
16166344-7	2006	The enhanced hexose absorption in GLP-2 compared with TPN pigs corresponded with higher lactose digestive and apical glucose transport capacities, increased abundance of SGLT-1, but not GLUT-2, and lower intestinal metabolism of [(13)C]glucose to [(13)C]lactate.	Lactose	88-95	glucagon	Homo sapiens	34-39
16391332-0	2006	Genotyping of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase -13910 polymorphism by LightCycler PCR and implications for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	123-130	lactase	Homo sapiens	18-45
16384892-5	2006	Lactase activity was determined in extracts of small intestine mucosa with lactose, galactosylxyloses, and phlorizin as substrates.	Lactose	75-82	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
16452407-0	2006	Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression.	Lactose	0-7	sugar porter family MFS transporter	Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705	67-71
16452407-0	2006	Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression.	Lactose	119-126	sugar porter family MFS transporter	Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705	67-71
16452407-4	2006	A comparative analysis of global gene expression profiling using DNA arrays led to the identification of only one gene repressed by lactose, the putative glucose transporter gene glcP.	Lactose	132-139	sugar porter family MFS transporter	Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705	179-183
16452407-7	2006	Primer extension and real-time PCR analyses confirmed that expression of glcP was mediated by lactose.	Lactose	94-101	sugar porter family MFS transporter	Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705	73-77
16452407-8	2006	Hence, our data demonstrate that the presence of lactose in culture medium leads to the repression of glucose transport and transcriptional down-regulation of the glucose transporter gene glcP.	Lactose	49-56	sugar porter family MFS transporter	Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705	188-192
16391332-3	2006	We developed a rapid genotyping assay for LPH C-->T(-13910) and investigated the relationship of positive lactose breath hydrogen test (LBHT) results suggesting lactose intolerance with LPH C-->T(-13910) genotype.	Lactose	164-171	lactase	Homo sapiens	189-192
16301215-2	2005	Lactase non-persistence (adult-type hypolactasia and lactose intolerance) is characterized by a decline in the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) after weaning.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
16384992-15	2006	beta-Lactose inhibited HGF-induced RPE cell migration to 23% of control.	Lactose	0-12	hepatocyte growth factor	Homo sapiens	23-26
16468641-0	2006	[Relief effect of beta-galactosidase genetically engineered lactococcus lactis on the cell toxicity caused by lactose].	Lactose	110-117	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-36
16160862-3	2005	The general procedure proposed has been particularized and applied to experimental results obtained with two enzymatic reactions carried out in a hollow-fibre reactor, enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose by beta-galactosidase and glucose-fructose isomerization by glucose isomerase.	Lactose	192-199	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	203-221
16468641-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To assess the relief effect of beta-galactosidase genetically engineered Lactococcus lactis on the cell toxicity caused by lactose in vitro.	Lactose	134-141	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
16468641-5	2006	CONCLUSION: The beta-galactosidase genetically engineered Lactococcus lactis has significant relief effect on the cell toxicity caused by lactose in vitro, which lays a foundation for food-grade alternation of this bacterium.	Lactose	138-145	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	16-34
16373956-1	2005	In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence.	Lactose	106-113	lactase	Homo sapiens	190-217
16373956-1	2005	In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence.	Lactose	106-113	lactase	Homo sapiens	190-197
16373956-1	2005	In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence.	Lactose	134-141	lactase	Homo sapiens	190-217
16373956-1	2005	In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence.	Lactose	134-141	lactase	Homo sapiens	190-197
16373956-6	2005	Research has shown that lactose maldigesters, including African-American maldigesters, can consume at least one cup (8 oz) of milk without experiencing symptoms, and that tolerance can be improved by consuming the milk with a meal, choosing yogurt or hard cheeses, or using products that aid in the digestion of lactose such as lactase supplements or lactose-reduced milks.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	328-335
16394641-4	2005	These effects of Gal-9 on immature DCs were not essentially dependent on its lectin properties, given that they were only slightly inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	144-151	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	17-22
16335985-3	2005	As a test system, lactose derivatized ELP was used to selectively purify a galactose-specific binding lectin through simple temperature-triggered precipitation in a high level of efficiency.	Lactose	18-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
16332343-2	2005	beta-Galactosidase is the bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the first step of lactose fermentation in the colon.	Lactose	77-84	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
16116184-5	2005	These effects of Gal-9 on immature DCs were not essentially dependent on its lectin properties, given that they were inhibited only slightly by lactose.	Lactose	144-151	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	17-22
16038798-5	2005	Gal-1-dependent collagen synthesis was blocked by lactose but not by cellobiose, suggesting that gal-1 acts on PSCs through targeting beta-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16038798-5	2005	Gal-1-dependent collagen synthesis was blocked by lactose but not by cellobiose, suggesting that gal-1 acts on PSCs through targeting beta-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
16202243-8	2005	Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wildtype KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells.	Lactose	69-76	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	141-159
16202243-8	2005	Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wildtype KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells.	Lactose	69-76	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	225-229
16353962-0	2005	The protective effect of lactose on lyophilization of CNK-20402.	Lactose	25-32	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
16353962-9	2005	Testing formulations with different concentrations of lactose by water vapor sorption indicated that CNK-20402 concentrations as low as 10% (wt/wt) could inhibit the recrystallization of lactose.	Lactose	54-61	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
16353962-9	2005	Testing formulations with different concentrations of lactose by water vapor sorption indicated that CNK-20402 concentrations as low as 10% (wt/wt) could inhibit the recrystallization of lactose.	Lactose	187-194	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
16353962-11	2005	The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation.	Lactose	28-35	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
16353962-11	2005	The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation.	Lactose	136-143	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
16353962-11	2005	The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation.	Lactose	136-143	connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
15880573-3	2005	Galactose, the hydrolyzing product of the milk sugar lactose, has been hypothesized to be toxic to ovarian epithelial cells and consumption of dairy products and lactase persistence has been suggested to be a risk factor for ovarian carcinoma.	Lactose	2-9	lactase	Homo sapiens	162-169
16085119-8	2005	These effects of KE are occurring through the stimulation of the 67 kDa elastin-laminin receptor (ELR), as demonstrated by the uncoupling effect of lactose.	Lactose	148-155	elastin	Homo sapiens	72-79
16051517-3	2005	High expression of plaA was observed in glucose-lactose medium by Northern blot analyses.	Lactose	48-55	phospholipase A2 activating protein	Homo sapiens	19-23
16101304-3	2005	Recently, targeted molecular dynamics simulation (TMD) was used to examine the conformational transition and predict relevant intermediates for wild-type lactose repressor (LacI).	Lactose	154-161	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	173-177
15703907-1	2005	A novel strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171, isolated from a faecal sample from a healthy human volunteer and able to express beta-galactosidase activity, was used in synthesis reactions for the production of galactooligosaccharide from lactose.	Lactose	247-254	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	136-154
15703907-2	2005	The beta-galactosidase activity of whole bifidobacterial cells showed an optimum activity at pH 6.8-7.0 and 40 degrees C. The transgalactosylation activity of the B. bifidum cells from 50% (w/w) lactose resulted in a galactooligosaccharide mixture (20% w/w) comprising (w/w): 25% disaccharides, 35% trisaccharides, 25% tetrasaccharides and 15% pentasaccharides.	Lactose	195-202	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
15769533-0	2005	The role of Galectin-1 in the interaction between chondrocytes and a lactose-modified chitosan.	Lactose	69-76	galectin 1	Sus scrofa	12-22
15769533-1	2005	Evidences for the involvement of the Galectin-1 in the interaction of pig chondrocytes with a lactose-modified chitosan, namely Chitlac, are reported.	Lactose	94-101	galectin 1	Sus scrofa	37-47
15963723-2	2005	The 3-(1H-[1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-1-thio-galactoside collection synthesized contained inhibitors of the tumor- and inflammation-related galectin-3 with Kd values as low as 107 microM, which is as potent as the natural disaccharide inhibitors lactose and N-acetyllactosamine.	Lactose	240-247	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	134-144
15958565-8	2005	This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells.	Lactose	137-149	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	103-108
16109658-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: Adult lactose intolerance, which affects the majority of the population in the world, has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism, C-13910T, located upstream of the lactase gene.	Lactose	17-24	lactase	Homo sapiens	190-197
15968459-1	2005	Control of mammalian gene promoters by the bacterial LacI repressor provides reversible regulation and dose-response levels of derepressed expression by the lactose analog isopropyl thiogalactose (IPTG).	Lactose	157-164	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Mus musculus	53-57
15958565-8	2005	This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells.	Lactose	137-149	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	184-189
15958565-8	2005	This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells.	Lactose	137-149	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7	Mus musculus	193-203
15958565-8	2005	This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells.	Lactose	137-149	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7	Mus musculus	193-203
15958565-8	2005	This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells.	Lactose	137-149	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	184-189
15806398-3	2005	Milk consumption and thus lactose tolerance are assumed to have spread with pastoralism and we propose that by looking at the relevant mutations in and around the lactase gene in human populations, we can gain insight into the origin(s) and spread of dairying.	Lactose	26-33	lactase	Homo sapiens	163-170
15777735-4	2005	In contrast, lactase persistent individuals have a lifelong lactase expression and are able to digest lactose as adults.	Lactose	102-109	lactase	Homo sapiens	13-20
15846722-4	2005	Lactase preparations could potentially be used to hydrolyze lactose in formulas and breast milk to minimize lactose malabsorption in preterm infants.	Lactose	60-67	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
15831909-3	2005	Absorption of lactose, the main sugar of milk, is regulated by the activity of the lactase enzyme in the gut wall.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	83-90
15884903-3	2005	AU is sensitive to the size/shape changes elicited by conjugation, in this case to lactose repressor (LacI).	Lactose	83-90	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	102-106
15797136-5	2005	At a higher concentration of surfactant, the I1/I3 ratio of hyaluronate/surfactant was influenced by the addition of saccharide (glucose, lactose, or mannitol).	Lactose	138-145	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A	Homo sapiens	45-50
15866228-3	2005	Treatment with the HCa-Lac diet containing 2% calcium, 1.5% phosphorus and 20% lactose reversed the hypocalcemia seen in adult VDR-null mice in 3 weeks but did not significantly change the blood ionized calcium in wild-type mice.	Lactose	79-86	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	127-130
15662044-6	2005	Using the crystal structure of the lactose permease LacY from Escherichia coli that belongs to the same major facilitator superfamily as rOCT1, we modeled the tertiary structure of the presumed 12 transmembrane alpha helices.	Lactose	35-42	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
15877871-5	2005	Milk (10.1 v. 11.1 kg/d; P=0.014) and lactose (628 v. 727 g/d; P=0.002) yield increased with insulin infusion, whereas milk protein content (5.0 % v. 5.5 %; P=0.007) was increased in diets supplemented with protein and branched-chain amino acids.	Lactose	38-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
16111039-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: Low lactase activity in small intestine mucosa is the main reason for the occurrence of lactose malabsorption (LM) and lactose intolerance (LI).	Lactose	99-106	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
16111039-8	2005	The 13 C-lactose/2 H-glucose challenged test showed there was still residual lactase activity in small intestine.	Lactose	9-16	lactase	Homo sapiens	77-84
16111039-9	2005	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that 13C-lactose/2H-glucosetest can accurately and sensitively determine the lactase activity on small intestinal mucous membrane and digestible lactose amount.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Homo sapiens	106-113
16022189-8	2005	The digestive capacity of lactase is less than 10 g of lactose by single ingestion, while intestinal microflora are able to ferment approximately 20-30 g of lactose.	Lactose	55-62	lactase	Homo sapiens	26-33
16022189-8	2005	The digestive capacity of lactase is less than 10 g of lactose by single ingestion, while intestinal microflora are able to ferment approximately 20-30 g of lactose.	Lactose	157-164	lactase	Homo sapiens	26-33
15784258-8	2005	The resultant beta-galactosidase enzyme is active, conferring a Lac+ phenotype (blue colonies on indicator 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside (X-gal) plates), while induction of NS3 expression results in loss of beta-galactosidase activity (transparent colonies on X-gal plates).	Lactose	64-67	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	14-32
15784258-8	2005	The resultant beta-galactosidase enzyme is active, conferring a Lac+ phenotype (blue colonies on indicator 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside (X-gal) plates), while induction of NS3 expression results in loss of beta-galactosidase activity (transparent colonies on X-gal plates).	Lactose	64-67	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	189-192
16022189-1	2005	This study aims to estimate the tolerable lactose intake which can be utilized in the digestion by lactase and in the fermentation by intestinal microbes in Japanese female adults.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	99-106
16022189-5	2005	Serum glucose and insulin levels were scarcely elevated following the ingestion of both 10 g and 30 g of lactose, while the amount of hydrogen excreted in the breath was greatly increased following the ingestion of 30 g of lactose, but these levels were less following the ingestion of 10 g of lactose.	Lactose	105-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
15654077-1	2005	The solution structure of trimeric Escherichia coli enzyme IIA(Chb) (34 kDa), a component of the N,N"-diacetylchitobiose/lactose branch of the phosphotransferase signal transduction system, has been determined by NMR spectroscopy.	Lactose	121-128	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	59-67
15769141-8	2005	On the basis of the marked differences in activation parameters, initial formation of a lactosylamine is suggested as rate-determining for reaction between lactose and a protonated lysine in alpha-lactalbumin, while subsequent water elimination to form a Schiff base becomes rate-determining for the unprotonated form.	Lactose	156-163	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	191-208
15877871-9	2005	The infusion of insulin and dextrose increased milk and milk lactose yields, and tended to increase milk protein yield but not milk protein content.	Lactose	61-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
15699237-10	2005	Changes in lactose absorption relate primarily to lactase activity rather than to mucosal growth.	Lactose	11-18	lactase	Homo sapiens	50-57
15744147-13	2005	Cationic lipid formulated IL-2 plasmid significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with formulated control plasmid (P < .01) or vehicle (lactose; P < .01).	Lactose	142-149	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	26-30
15699237-0	2005	Influence of changes in lactase activity and small-intestinal mucosal growth on lactose digestion and absorption in preterm infants.	Lactose	80-87	lactase	Homo sapiens	24-31
16132574-6	2005	Blocking galectin-3 by pre-incubating the frozen sections of the lungs with 100 mM lactose, substantially inhibited the adhesion of high metastatic cells, while pre-incubation with sucrose had no effect.	Lactose	83-90	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	9-19
15671150-4	2005	We show that low amount of galectin-1 (10 ng/ml) increases the formation of granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid colonies and the frequencies of day-7 cobblestone area-forming cells on a lactose-inhibitable fashion.	Lactose	187-194	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	27-37
15658879-10	2005	However, when galactose- and lactose-GA were incubated with beta-galactosidase in the cells, their anticancer activity was enhanced by 3- to 40-fold.	Lactose	16-23	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
15653533-6	2005	Supplementary folic acid increased crude protein and casein concentrations in milk of cows fed no supplementary methionine and the effect increased as lactation progressed; it also decreased milk lactose concentration.	Lactose	196-203	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	191-195
15644141-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The increase in quercetin uptake following treatment with lactase suggests that dietary supplementation with lactase may increase quercetin bioavailability in lactose intolerant humans.	Lactose	172-179	lactase	Homo sapiens	71-78
15644141-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The increase in quercetin uptake following treatment with lactase suggests that dietary supplementation with lactase may increase quercetin bioavailability in lactose intolerant humans.	Lactose	172-179	lactase	Homo sapiens	122-129
15629916-2	2005	The groE operon consists of two genes, groES and groEL; point mutations in either gene conferred the same phenotype, reducing Lac+ adaptive mutation 10- to 20-fold.	Lactose	126-130	chaperonin GroES	Escherichia coli	39-44
15629916-2	2005	The groE operon consists of two genes, groES and groEL; point mutations in either gene conferred the same phenotype, reducing Lac+ adaptive mutation 10- to 20-fold.	Lactose	126-130	GroEL	Escherichia coli	49-54
15565169-3	2004	The crystal structure of an archaeal Piwi protein (AfPiwi) is organised into two domains, one resembling the sugar-binding portion of the lac repressor and another with similarity to RNase H. Invariant residues and a coordinated metal ion lie in a pocket that surrounds the conserved C-terminus of the protein, defining a key functional region in the PIWI domain.	Lactose	138-141	piwi like RNA-mediated gene silencing 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
16805112-2	2005	All mammals, apart from white Northern Europeans and few tribes in Africa and Asia, lose most of their lactase, the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning.	Lactose	136-143	lactase	Homo sapiens	103-110
16805112-4	2005	The molecular basis of inherited hypolactasia has yet to be identified, though two polymorphisms in the introns of a helicase upstream from the lactase gene correlate closely with hypolactasia, and thus lactose intolerance.	Lactose	203-210	lactase	Homo sapiens	144-151
15494251-1	2004	An amperometric lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) and galactose oxidase (GaO) (EC 1.1.3.9) in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of poly(3-hexyl thiophene) (P3HT)/stearic acid (SA) for estimation of lactose in milk and its products to prevent "lactose intolerance".	Lactose	16-23	lactase	Homo sapiens	64-71
15546203-4	2004	The resulting conjugates consisting of manganese (Mn)-porphyrin surrounded by several lactose molecules possessed significant SOD activity and low cytotoxicity.	Lactose	86-93	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
15586410-5	2004	RESULTS: Lactose showed higher efficiency to induce the expression of rHpaA, rUreB, rLTB and rLTKA63 than IPTG.	Lactose	9-16	lymphotoxin beta	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
15662762-5	2004	In addition many products are available over-the-counter to aid in digestion of lactose.	Lactose	80-87	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-63
15545387-1	2004	Lactase is a disaccharidase that is present in the brush-border membrane of the small intestine, hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose, and is therefore important in milk-fed animals.	Lactose	108-115	lactase	Bos taurus	0-7
15537334-8	2004	Caco-2 cell homogenates demonstrated both lactase and glucosidase activities when incubated with lactose and quercetin 3-glucoside, respectively.	Lactose	97-104	lactase	Homo sapiens	42-49
15185040-5	2004	In batch cultures, pH 6.8 was found to be optimum for bacteriocin synthesis and both glucose and lactose supported Lcn972 production.	Lactose	97-104	lactococcin 972	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	115-121
15466549-2	2004	The galK knockout strain displayed only marginal growth on galactose, but growth on glucose or lactose was not affected.	Lactose	61-68	galactokinase	Streptococcus mutans UA159	4-8
15302868-7	2004	In contrast, lactose was higher in milk from PMCA2-null mice during early lactation, but by day 12 of lactation there were no differences in milk lactose between the three genotypes.	Lactose	13-20	ATPase, Ca++ transporting, plasma membrane 2	Mus musculus	45-50
15163626-7	2004	In the presence of 30 mM lactose, the gal-1-reduced P450(SCC) expression was prevented.	Lactose	25-32	galectin 1	Sus scrofa	38-43
15380942-8	2004	Excretion of hCG beta was most efficient when the pH of the culture medium was adjusted to around 7.0 and the concentration of lactose was around 1%.	Lactose	127-134	chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3	Homo sapiens	13-21
15288343-0	2004	Evaluation of SCF-engineered particle-based lactose blends in passive dry powder inhalers.	Lactose	44-51	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	14-17
15114531-1	2004	In most human populations, the ability to digest lactose contained in milk usually disappears in childhood, but in European-derived populations, lactase activity frequently persists into adulthood (Scrimshaw and Murray 1988).	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	145-152
15181004-4	2004	A Delta hlyA mutation removing the complete 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase C-terminal domain prevents growth on Leu but not on lactose or other amino acids and, in agreement with the predicted enzyme function, leads to Leu-dependent accumulation of 3-methylglutaconic acid in the culture supernatant.	Lactose	129-136	AU RNA binding methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase	Homo sapiens	44-76
14980421-1	2004	Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivative having both carboxylic acid-, and lactose-side chains (Lac-PEG-C) deposited onto the surface of DNA/protamine (PRT) complex, and the self-assembled ternary complex was obtained.	Lactose	73-80	lactase	Homo sapiens	94-97
15328225-6	2004	There was a tendency for lower protein and increased lactose concentrations in milk from T cows.	Lactose	53-60	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	79-83
15188500-5	2004	RESULTS: Lactose showed higher efficiency of inducing the expression of rHpaA, rUreB, rLTB and rLTKA63 than IPTG.	Lactose	9-16	lymphotoxin beta	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
15345119-2	2004	Thus, adults with lactase nonpersistence are susceptible to developing symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	83-90	lactase	Homo sapiens	18-25
15345119-3	2004	By contrast, lactase persistence is an autosomal dominant heritable condition that results in a high level of lactase gene expression throughout adulthood and sustained lactose tolerance.	Lactose	169-176	lactase	Homo sapiens	13-20
14973178-5	2004	In screening the sequences of the genes involved in lactose assimilation, we found that the galactokinase gene Glk contains four potential Egr-1 binding sites in its proximal promoter.	Lactose	52-59	galactokinase 1	Mus musculus	92-105
15148380-8	2004	Galectin-15 protein was functional in binding lactose and mannose sugars and immunologically identical to the unnamed Mr 14,000 (14K) protein from the ovine uterus that forms crystalline inclusion bodies in endometrial epithelia and conceptus Tr.	Lactose	46-53	galectin 15	Ovis aries	0-11
21706723-0	2004	cAMP Regulation of the lactose operon.	Lactose	23-30	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
14973178-5	2004	In screening the sequences of the genes involved in lactose assimilation, we found that the galactokinase gene Glk contains four potential Egr-1 binding sites in its proximal promoter.	Lactose	52-59	galactokinase 1	Mus musculus	111-114
14973178-5	2004	In screening the sequences of the genes involved in lactose assimilation, we found that the galactokinase gene Glk contains four potential Egr-1 binding sites in its proximal promoter.	Lactose	52-59	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	139-144
15006428-0	2004	Production of the kringle fragments of human apolipoprotein(a) by continuous lactose induction strategy.	Lactose	77-84	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	45-62
18969385-5	2004	Using the developed method, the enzymatic activities of invertase and beta-galactosidase were determined through their reaction with sucrose and lactose, respectively.	Lactose	145-152	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
15134899-4	2004	Binding of both mouse IgA and IgE to galectin-3 coated plates was inhibited by lactose and asialofetuin.	Lactose	79-86	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha	Mus musculus	22-25
15134899-4	2004	Binding of both mouse IgA and IgE to galectin-3 coated plates was inhibited by lactose and asialofetuin.	Lactose	79-86	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	37-47
15051835-3	2004	LPH-catalyzed PNG hydrolysis in vitro is competitively inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	68-75	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-3
15051835-10	2004	The presence of lactose in this in vitro model of intestinal uptake reduced the enzymatic hydrolysis of PNG by lactase.	Lactose	16-23	lactase	Homo sapiens	111-118
15006428-1	2004	A novel lactose induction strategy for the production of rhLK68, the kringle fragments of human apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) as a novel anti-angiogenic protein, was investigated.	Lactose	8-15	lipoprotein(a)	Homo sapiens	96-113
15054489-4	2004	In view of an exponential growth in the understanding of intestinal microfloral host interactions and the expanding therapeutical potential of probiotics, a reassessment of the role of lactose as a potential prebiotic in lactase nonpersistent subjects is required.	Lactose	185-192	lactase	Homo sapiens	221-228
14753708-3	2004	Higher amounts of lac repressor, the Green Fluorescent Protein fusions with CAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBPalpha) and Gal4, elute from the columns when 0.1% Tween-20 is added to the mobile phase.	Lactose	18-21	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	107-117
14765219-1	2004	A schizophyllan (beta-1,3-glucan) derivative carrying lactose-appendages prepared by reductive amination can form stable macromolecular complexes with polynucleotides, shows excellent affinity with a lactose-binding lectin, and effectively mediates gene transfection into hepatocytes.	Lactose	54-61	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	17-25
14765219-1	2004	A schizophyllan (beta-1,3-glucan) derivative carrying lactose-appendages prepared by reductive amination can form stable macromolecular complexes with polynucleotides, shows excellent affinity with a lactose-binding lectin, and effectively mediates gene transfection into hepatocytes.	Lactose	200-207	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	17-25
14512286-5	2004	Bcl-2 expression was highly inducible by lactose analog isopropyl-beta-(d)-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and was localized predominantly to mitochondria.	Lactose	41-48	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
14638631-9	2004	Presence of laminin-1 or lactose prevented the effect of Gal-1, suggesting that the carbohydrate recognition domain is involved in inducing apoptosis.	Lactose	25-32	galectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
14698884-0	2004	Saturation transfer difference NMR and computational modeling of a sialoadhesin-sialyl lactose complex.	Lactose	87-94	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	67-79
14698884-5	2004	We employed saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments to characterize the binding epitope of alpha-2,3-sialylated lactose, alpha-D-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Gal-(1-->4)-D-Glc 1 to sialoadhesin at atomic resolution.	Lactose	125-132	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	193-205
14698884-6	2004	The experimental results were compared to a computational docking model and to X-ray data of a complex of sialyl lactose and sialoadhesin.	Lactose	113-120	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	125-137
14698884-8	2004	The crystal structure of a complex of sialoadhesin with sialyl lactose 1 was used as a basis for a modeling study using the FlexiDock algorithm.	Lactose	63-70	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	38-50
15009703-7	2004	The effects of ED on melanoma cells were found to be mediated by splicing form of beta-galactosidase (S-Gal) occupancy, as being suppressed by lactose.	Lactose	143-150	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	82-100
14753708-3	2004	Higher amounts of lac repressor, the Green Fluorescent Protein fusions with CAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBPalpha) and Gal4, elute from the columns when 0.1% Tween-20 is added to the mobile phase.	Lactose	18-21	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	123-127
14678989-2	2003	Here, we report that secreted extracellular Gal-3 can signal apoptosis of human T leukemia cell lines, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and activated mouse T cells after binding to cell surface glycoconjugate receptors through carbohydrate-dependent interactions because the apoptotic effect was found to be inhibited by lactose, specific sugar inhibitor, and to be dose dependent.	Lactose	330-337	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	44-49
15384581-14	2004	The results strongly suggest that GLUT1 appears to be important in delivery of substrate to the site of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	104-111	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
14685143-1	2003	PURPOSE: We have previously demonstrated that in RPE-deprived retinas, lactose, galactose, and structurally related glycans support the proper assembly of nascent photoreceptor outer segment membranes.	Lactose	71-78	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	49-52
14685143-8	2003	RESULTS: Outer segment membranes of RPE-deprived retinas exposed to lactose were significantly more organized than both control RPE-deprived retinas and those exposed to mannose.	Lactose	68-75	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-39
14685143-8	2003	RESULTS: Outer segment membranes of RPE-deprived retinas exposed to lactose were significantly more organized than both control RPE-deprived retinas and those exposed to mannose.	Lactose	68-75	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	128-131
14733594-2	2004	We demonstrate that a glycopolymer bearing pendant, fully sulfated lactose units effectively replaces heparin and heparan sulfate as a molecular chaperone for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2).	Lactose	67-74	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	159-185
14733594-2	2004	We demonstrate that a glycopolymer bearing pendant, fully sulfated lactose units effectively replaces heparin and heparan sulfate as a molecular chaperone for fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2).	Lactose	67-74	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	187-192
15115187-1	2004	Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is biosynthesized and stored at the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then transferred to the Golgi lumen when prolactin stimulation of lactose biosynthesis and secretion takes place.	Lactose	166-173	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	0-17
15115187-1	2004	Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is biosynthesized and stored at the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then transferred to the Golgi lumen when prolactin stimulation of lactose biosynthesis and secretion takes place.	Lactose	166-173	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	19-27
14769876-5	2003	The adhesion was dependent on the carbohydrate-recognition domain of galectin-1 since lactose inhibited the adhesion and exogenously-added galectin-1 caused the adhesion.	Lactose	86-93	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	69-79
14634648-1	2003	Milk from domestic cows has been a valuable food source for over 8,000 years, especially in lactose-tolerant human societies that exploit dairy breeds.	Lactose	92-99	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
14740818-12	2003	Vat 2 cheese had the highest calcium and lowest lactose contencentrations.	Lactose	48-55	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	0-5
14634648-3	2003	We found substantial geographic coincidence between high diversity in cattle milk genes, locations of the European Neolithic cattle farming sites (>5,000 years ago) and present-day lactose tolerance in Europeans.	Lactose	184-191	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	77-81
14519787-0	2003	Transgenic chickens expressing beta-galactosidase hydrolyze lactose in the intestine.	Lactose	60-67	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	31-49
12881409-3	2003	Human galectin-8 induced firm and reversible adhesion of peripheral blood neutrophils but not eosinophils to a plastic surface in a lactose-sensitive manner.	Lactose	132-139	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	6-16
12881409-9	2003	MMP-3-mediated processing of proMMP-9 was accelerated by galectin-8, and this effect was inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	102-109	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
12853445-6	2003	Lactose inhibits the dGal-1-induced effects, indicating that dGal-1-induced signaling requires binding to cell surface beta-galactosides.	Lactose	0-7	Galactose-specific C-type lectin	Drosophila melanogaster	21-27
12853445-6	2003	Lactose inhibits the dGal-1-induced effects, indicating that dGal-1-induced signaling requires binding to cell surface beta-galactosides.	Lactose	0-7	Galactose-specific C-type lectin	Drosophila melanogaster	61-67
14630391-7	2003	Inhibition by lactose indicated an involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain in nuclear binding of galectin-1.	Lactose	14-21	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	108-118
14519787-2	2003	The bacterial enzyme beta-galactosidase can convert lactose into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	52-59	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	21-39
14519787-3	2003	Transgenic chickens that carry the E. coli lacZ gene and express beta-galactosidase could potentially utilize lactose as an energy source.	Lactose	110-117	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	65-83
14519787-8	2003	Overall, it appears that inserting the lacZ gene, which encodes beta-galactosidase, has resulted in a chicken that can utilize lactose as an energy source.	Lactose	127-134	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	64-82
12958404-2	2003	Results show that Ca(II) mainly distributes in free Ca2+, [Ca(HCO3)], and [Ca(Lac)].	Lactose	78-82	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	18-24
12915462-1	2003	Lactase persistence is a heritable, autosomal dominant, condition that results in a sustained ability to digest the milk sugar lactose throughout adulthood.	Lactose	127-134	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
12689675-0	2003	Correction of the abnormal mineral ion homeostasis with a high-calcium, high-phosphorus, high-lactose diet rescues the PDDR phenotype of mice deficient for the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1).	Lactose	94-101	cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	119-123
12701147-10	2003	The relevance of these two modifications in the efficient utilization of lactose as inducer was demonstrated in fed-batch cultures of the novel recombinant strain MP101 harboring expression vectors containing the calf prochymosin gene or the pccB gene, which encodes for the carboxyltransferase component of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex from Streptomyces coelicolor.	Lactose	73-80	chymosin	Bos taurus	218-229
12701147-10	2003	The relevance of these two modifications in the efficient utilization of lactose as inducer was demonstrated in fed-batch cultures of the novel recombinant strain MP101 harboring expression vectors containing the calf prochymosin gene or the pccB gene, which encodes for the carboxyltransferase component of a propionyl-CoA carboxylase complex from Streptomyces coelicolor.	Lactose	73-80	propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit beta	Bos taurus	242-246
12711183-4	2003	DSC and TGA showed that lactose crystals produced from Carbopol gel or from water-ethanol solution existed as alpha-lactose monohydrate.	Lactose	24-31	desmocollin 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
12711183-4	2003	DSC and TGA showed that lactose crystals produced from Carbopol gel or from water-ethanol solution existed as alpha-lactose monohydrate.	Lactose	24-31	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	8-11
12795467-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance with adult-onset is due to the inadequate enzymatic activity of lactasephlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-122
12795467-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance with adult-onset is due to the inadequate enzymatic activity of lactasephlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	124-127
12795467-3	2003	Two DNA genotypes, C/C(-13910) and G/G(-22018), located upstream from the LCT locus, the gene encoding for LPH, were recently identified as representing genetic markers for lactose intolerance.	Lactose	173-180	lactase	Homo sapiens	74-77
12795467-3	2003	Two DNA genotypes, C/C(-13910) and G/G(-22018), located upstream from the LCT locus, the gene encoding for LPH, were recently identified as representing genetic markers for lactose intolerance.	Lactose	173-180	lactase	Homo sapiens	107-110
12906047-8	2003	Higher 305-d milk lactose content was associated with increased PREG1 and PR42.	Lactose	18-25	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	13-17
12906047-8	2003	Higher 305-d milk lactose content was associated with increased PREG1 and PR42.	Lactose	18-25	cathelicidin-2	Bos taurus	74-78
12824888-8	2003	Furthermore, galectin-3 was identified as being coimmunoprecipitated with LI-cadherin and this interaction was inhibited by lactose in a dose-dependent manner, but not by sucrose.	Lactose	124-131	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	13-23
12824888-8	2003	Furthermore, galectin-3 was identified as being coimmunoprecipitated with LI-cadherin and this interaction was inhibited by lactose in a dose-dependent manner, but not by sucrose.	Lactose	124-131	cadherin 17	Homo sapiens	74-85
12778571-5	2003	Although minor differences were noted in the gross composition of the cheeses, both MPC1 and MPC2 cheeses had lower lactose contents (0.25 or 0.32%, respectively) than in CC (0.60%) 7 d post manufacture.	Lactose	116-123	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
12778571-5	2003	Although minor differences were noted in the gross composition of the cheeses, both MPC1 and MPC2 cheeses had lower lactose contents (0.25 or 0.32%, respectively) than in CC (0.60%) 7 d post manufacture.	Lactose	116-123	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
12538594-5	2003	The xgalectins whose counterparts in other species have not been identified (xgalectin-IVa, -Vb, and -VIa) were confirmed to possess lactose-binding activity by expression of their recombinant forms.	Lactose	133-140	galectin 9B L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	77-105
12689675-0	2003	Correction of the abnormal mineral ion homeostasis with a high-calcium, high-phosphorus, high-lactose diet rescues the PDDR phenotype of mice deficient for the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1).	Lactose	94-101	cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	200-207
12689675-3	2003	The bone phenotype of VDR-ablated mice can be completely rescued by feeding the animals with a high-calcium, high-phosphorus, high-lactose diet.	Lactose	131-138	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	22-25
12586500-1	2003	A new agglomerated KSR-592 (steroid) beta-form needle-like crystals with lactose system for dry powder inhalation (DPI) was developed to improve inhalation performance with Jethaler.	Lactose	73-80	kinase suppressor of ras 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
12653996-9	2003	The average distance between the two domains in CRP-DNA complexes, possessing lac, gal or ICAP sequences, shows an increase, as evidenced by the increase in the average distance between Cys178 and Trp85 to approximately 20 A.	Lactose	78-81	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	48-51
12929363-6	2003	Strong multivalency effects were observed for the tetravalent lactoside in the inhibition of galectin-3 binding with enhancements of almost 4300-fold compared to lactose.	Lactose	162-169	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	93-103
12675616-1	2003	In batch cultures, Bifidobacterium longum SH2 has a higher final cell concentration and greater substrate consumption when grown on lactose versus glucose.	Lactose	132-139	sperm hammerhead 2	Mus musculus	42-45
12737685-4	2003	It was found that insulin-lactose powder does not support bacterial growth and that higher bacterial survival rate was found under representative indoor conditions.	Lactose	26-33	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
12737685-5	2003	Selected experiments were performed with B. subtilis by adding sterile saliva into insulin-lactose powder to represent a typical condition for inhaler use.	Lactose	91-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
12737685-7	2003	The data indicate that the survival rate of B. subtilis did not change after the saliva was added and that the survival in insulin-lactose powder was similar to that in inert powder but lower than in powder with optimal nutrients.	Lactose	131-138	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
12646627-2	2003	The apoptosis was suppressed by lactose, but not by sucrose, indicating that beta-galactoside binding is essential for Gal-9-induced apoptosis.	Lactose	32-39	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	119-124
14621974-4	2003	Mannitol, sucrose, lactose, glycerol, and propylene glycol were used as polyols to stabilize lysozyme against aggregation, deamidation, and oxidation.	Lactose	19-26	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	93-101
12568396-9	2003	Furthermore, we tested whether adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type I was influenced by lactose, which inhibits galectin-1.	Lactose	125-132	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
12568396-9	2003	Furthermore, we tested whether adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type I was influenced by lactose, which inhibits galectin-1.	Lactose	125-132	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	74-85
12598694-1	2003	The bacterial LacI/GalR family repressors such as lactose operon repressor (LacI), purine nucleotide synthesis repressor (PurR), and trehalose operon repressor (TreR) consist of not only the N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain but also the C-terminal ligand-binding domain that is structurally homologous to periplasmic sugar-binding proteins.	Lactose	50-57	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	14-18
12598694-1	2003	The bacterial LacI/GalR family repressors such as lactose operon repressor (LacI), purine nucleotide synthesis repressor (PurR), and trehalose operon repressor (TreR) consist of not only the N-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain but also the C-terminal ligand-binding domain that is structurally homologous to periplasmic sugar-binding proteins.	Lactose	50-57	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	76-80
12568396-9	2003	Furthermore, we tested whether adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type I was influenced by lactose, which inhibits galectin-1.	Lactose	125-132	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	149-159
12568396-14	2003	Lactose inhibited adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type I up to 58 +/- 4%, 30 +/- 12, 72 +/- 9%, and 86 +/- 4%.	Lactose	0-7	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
12568396-14	2003	Lactose inhibited adhesion of PC3 cells to plastic, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen type I up to 58 +/- 4%, 30 +/- 12, 72 +/- 9%, and 86 +/- 4%.	Lactose	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	52-63
12536257-4	2003	For food-grade cloning, a stable lactose-deficient mutant was constructed by deleting a 141-bp fragment from the phospho-beta-galactosidase gene lacG via gene replacement.	Lactose	33-40	lacG	Lactococcus lactis	145-149
14616060-1	2003	The enzyme lactase that is located in the villus enterocytes of the small intestine is responsible for digestion of lactose in milk.	Lactose	116-123	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
14616060-3	2003	In other healthy humans, lactase activity persists at a high level throughout adult life, enabling them to digest lactose as adults.	Lactose	114-121	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
12523890-8	2003	The stimulatory effect of galectin-7 on corneal epithelial wound closure was specifically inhibited by a competing sugar, beta-lactose, but not by an irrelevant disaccharide, sucrose.	Lactose	122-134	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7	Mus musculus	26-36
12445450-6	2003	Because the assay for lactose measured glucose subsequent to the hydrolysis of lactose by beta-galactosidase, the same degree of precision was observed in lactose.	Lactose	79-86	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-108
12445450-6	2003	Because the assay for lactose measured glucose subsequent to the hydrolysis of lactose by beta-galactosidase, the same degree of precision was observed in lactose.	Lactose	79-86	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-108
12536257-9	2003	The expression of the lacG gene from the resulting food-grade plasmid pLEB600 restored the ability of the lactose-negative mutant strain to grow on lactose to the wild-type level.	Lactose	106-113	lacG	Lactococcus lactis	22-26
12536257-9	2003	The expression of the lacG gene from the resulting food-grade plasmid pLEB600 restored the ability of the lactose-negative mutant strain to grow on lactose to the wild-type level.	Lactose	148-155	lacG	Lactococcus lactis	22-26
12523830-9	2003	The best sialopeptide ligand, WLLT(Sa)WGT, exhibited micromolar affinity of SnD1; >10 times the affinity of SnD1 to 3"-sialyl lactose.	Lactose	129-136	staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
12421975-8	2002	This adherence of eosinophils to HFL-1 cells was inhibited by both lactose and anti-galectin-9 Ab.	Lactose	67-74	complement factor H related 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
28443769-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance with adult-onset is due to the inadequate enzymatic activity of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-123
28443769-1	2003	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance with adult-onset is due to the inadequate enzymatic activity of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	125-128
28443769-3	2003	Two DNA genotypes, C/C_13910 and G/G_22018, located upstream from the LCT locus, the gene encoding for LPH, were recently identified as representing genetic markers for lactose intolerance.	Lactose	169-176	lactase	Homo sapiens	70-73
28443769-3	2003	Two DNA genotypes, C/C_13910 and G/G_22018, located upstream from the LCT locus, the gene encoding for LPH, were recently identified as representing genetic markers for lactose intolerance.	Lactose	169-176	lactase	Homo sapiens	103-106
12624429-4	2002	Invertase, maltase, and lactase activities were measured by monitoring the conversion of [U-(14)C]sucrose, [U-(14)C]maltose, and [D-[1-(14)C]glucose] lactose to radioactive hexoses, which were phosphorylated in the presence of adenosine triphosphatase and yeast hexokinase and then separated from their precursor by ion-exchange chromatography.	Lactose	150-157	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	24-31
12486086-6	2002	Ephrin-B2 lac z reactivity was detected in a limited number of cells in cochlear and vestibular regions.	Lactose	10-13	ephrin B2	Mus musculus	0-9
12425460-1	2002	PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to improve the dry powder inhalation behavior of steroid KSR-592 with lactose by altering the crystal shape and the particle size of the drug for use in a newly designed inhalation device, Jethaler.	Lactose	112-119	kinase suppressor of ras 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
12356737-8	2002	Thus, regulation of ho-1 involves a direct sensing of heme levels by Bach1 (by analogy to lac repressor sensitivity to lactose), generating a simple feedback loop whereby the substrate effects repressor-activator antagonism.	Lactose	119-126	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	20-24
12356737-8	2002	Thus, regulation of ho-1 involves a direct sensing of heme levels by Bach1 (by analogy to lac repressor sensitivity to lactose), generating a simple feedback loop whereby the substrate effects repressor-activator antagonism.	Lactose	119-126	BTB and CNC homology 1, basic leucine zipper transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	69-74
12221231-3	2002	Recent observations that the brush border membrane also catalyzes PNG hydrolysis led to the hypothesis that PNG hydrolysis may be another function of the beta-glucosidase lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) and, thus, brush border PNG hydrolysis would undergo a developmental decline similar to that of lactose hydrolysis.	Lactose	301-308	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	200-203
12191695-4	2002	In this study, bovine insulin was dissolved in deionized water alone or with tyloxapol, lactose or trehalose.	Lactose	88-95	insulin	Bos taurus	22-29
12223516-5	2002	IFN-gamma also enhanced the adhesion of human eosinophilic leukemia-1 cells to endothelial monolayers, and it was inhibited by the presence of lactose.	Lactose	143-150	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
12145020-12	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The presence of lactose in a formula based on cow-milk protein increases absorption of calcium but not of zinc.	Lactose	29-36	casein beta	Bos taurus	63-75
12352516-9	2002	The addition of lactase and subsequent incubation under refrigeration resulted in significant increases in osmolality that ranged from 25 to 66% in fortified breast milks and lactose-containing formulas.	Lactose	175-182	lactase	Homo sapiens	16-23
12352516-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Routine warming of breast milk with glucose polymer-containing additives, or the addition of lactase enzyme to lactose-containing feedings, can increase osmolality to levels that exceed current guidelines for premature infant feedings.	Lactose	124-131	lactase	Homo sapiens	106-113
12270276-12	2002	Milk lactose was found to be sensitive to glucose input as well as to similar parameters and inputs as milk protein.	Lactose	5-12	casein beta	Bos taurus	103-115
12023280-6	2002	LPH-catalyzed PNG hydrolysis was inhibited by glucose, lactose, and cellobiose but not by PN.	Lactose	55-62	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-3
12060597-3	2002	Importantly, hUAT is a galectin, a protein with two beta-galactoside binding domains that bind lactose.	Lactose	95-102	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	13-17
12242021-1	2002	As part of a comprehensive study on lactose metabolism in Hypocrea jecorina (anamorph: Trichoderma reesei), a genomic clone of the gal10 gene encoding H. jecorina uridine 5"-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose 4-epimerase has been cloned and sequenced.	Lactose	36-43	bifunctional UDP-glucose 4-epimerase/aldose 1-epimerase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	131-136
12060597-4	2002	Lactose significantly increased hUAT open probability but only when added to the channel"s extracellular side.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	32-36
12089348-7	2002	Feeding of a diet high in calcium, phosphorus, and lactose normalized blood calcium and serum PTH levels, but revealed a profound renal calcium leak in normocalcemic homozygous mutants.	Lactose	51-58	parathyroid hormone	Mus musculus	94-97
23105353-3	2002	PIH during pregnancy significantly decreased colostrum IgA and total proteins, but showed a significant increase in K(+) levels, where as women with glucose intolerance showed a significant decrease in total lipids and lactose and an increase in Na(+) levels in colostrum compared to normal controls.	Lactose	219-226	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	0-3
12146464-3	2002	With the multianalyte sensor it was possible to detect glucose and galactose by sequential injection of their corresponding oxidase enzymes: glucose oxidase and galactose oxidase, while lactose was determined by injection of a mixture of beta-galactosidase and glucose oxidase enzymes.	Lactose	69-76	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	238-256
12086041-10	2002	Milk protein concentration (33.4 vs 34.6 g/kg) and output (938 vs. 982 g/d) were increased and milk lactose concentration was decreased (46.6 vs. 46.1 g/kg) by EAA, but the responses were not affected by infusion site.	Lactose	100-107	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	95-99
11882664-7	2002	This cleavage was inhibited by the galectin-3 antagonist lactose, as well as 1,10-ortho-phenanthroline, suggesting that galectin-3 is cleaved by zinc metalloproteases after its binding to lipophosphoglycans.	Lactose	57-64	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	35-45
11882664-7	2002	This cleavage was inhibited by the galectin-3 antagonist lactose, as well as 1,10-ortho-phenanthroline, suggesting that galectin-3 is cleaved by zinc metalloproteases after its binding to lipophosphoglycans.	Lactose	57-64	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	120-130
12018807-1	2002	Persons with lactose intolerance are unable to digest significant amounts of lactose because of a genetically inadequate amount of the enzyme lactase.	Lactose	13-20	lactase	Homo sapiens	142-149
12083287-9	2002	In conclusion, with exogenous lactase, digestion of lactose begins in the stomach when pH is raised to 6.0 by the buffering action of milk.	Lactose	52-59	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
12218291-10	2002	The affinity-purified TFalpha antibodies showed only marginal cross-reactivity with the related antigens lactose, Gal, Tn or the Forssman antigen.	Lactose	105-112	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	22-29
11948532-7	2002	When a larger amount of lactose was lyophilized with lysozyme, longer T(1) (and T(1rho)) values were seen for lactose than for lysozyme.	Lactose	24-31	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	53-61
11948532-7	2002	When a larger amount of lactose was lyophilized with lysozyme, longer T(1) (and T(1rho)) values were seen for lactose than for lysozyme.	Lactose	24-31	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	127-135
11948532-7	2002	When a larger amount of lactose was lyophilized with lysozyme, longer T(1) (and T(1rho)) values were seen for lactose than for lysozyme.	Lactose	110-117	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	53-61
11948532-9	2002	Trehalose and lactose decreased relaxation rates in the lysozyme-sugar systems while hydration increased relaxation rates that were correlated with changes in aggregation and activity of the protein.	Lactose	14-21	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	56-64
11874116-1	2002	Coimmobilization of beta-galactosidase and glucose oxidase in a redox polymer, polyvinylferrocenium perchlorate (PVF+ ClO4-), led to the development of an enzyme electrode for the determination of lactose.	Lactose	197-204	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	20-38
11971864-4	2002	Galectin-3 broadly recognized lactose, type 1, type 2, and core 1.	Lactose	30-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
11971864-6	2002	In contrast, galectin-4 had quite weak affinity to lactose, type 1, and type 2 (K(d) congruent with 8 x 10(-4) M).	Lactose	51-58	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	13-23
11949851-8	2002	Milk fat and protein percentages declined with glucose infusion because of increased lactose synthesis and secretion of water into milk.	Lactose	85-92	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
11919723-0	2002	Lactose metabolism and cellulase production in Hypocrea jecorina: the gal7 gene, encoding galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, is essential for growth on galactose but not for cellulase induction.	Lactose	0-7	UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
11919723-3	2002	To enhance our understanding of lactose metabolism and its relationship to cellulase formation, we have cloned and characterized the gal7 gene (for galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) of H. jecorina.	Lactose	32-39	UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	133-137
11919723-7	2002	A gal7 deletion mutant, constructed by replacing the gal7 reading frame by the H. jecorina pyr4 gene, was unable to grow on D-galactose between pH 4.5 and 7.5, thus proving that in H. jecorina gal7 is essential for metabolism of D-galactose, whereas the growth rate of the mutant on lactose was only reduced by about 50%.	Lactose	128-135	UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	2-6
11934291-0	2002	Immobilization of beta-galactosidase on fibrous matrix by polyethyleneimine for production of galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose.	Lactose	124-131	beta-galactosidase 13-like	Gossypium hirsutum	18-36
11934291-1	2002	The production of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose by Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase immobilized on cotton cloth was studied.	Lactose	54-61	beta-galactosidase 13-like	Gossypium hirsutum	84-102
11839721-7	2002	METHODS: Immunohistochemical expression of galectin-8 and its overall ability to bind to sugar ligands (revealed glycohistochemically by means of biotinylated histochemically inert carrier bovine serum albumin with alpha- and beta-D-galactose, alpha-D-glucose, and lactose derivatives as ligands) were quantitatively determined using computer assisted microscopy.	Lactose	235-242	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	43-53
11934491-7	2002	Binding of Lf was not inhibited by transferrin (Tf) and Lf moiety molecules (mannose, galactose, and lactose) but by Lf.	Lactose	88-95	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	11-13
11829650-0	2002	Maillard reaction induced lactose attachment to bovine beta-lactoglobulin: electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization examination.	Lactose	26-33	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	55-73
11829650-1	2002	Nonenzymatic attachment of lactose to beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) was investigated under different conditions.	Lactose	27-34	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	38-56
11829650-1	2002	Nonenzymatic attachment of lactose to beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) was investigated under different conditions.	Lactose	27-34	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	58-65
11788828-1	2002	Adult-type hypolactasia, also known as lactase non-persistence (lactose intolerance), is a common autosomal recessive condition resulting from the physiological decline in activity of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) in intestinal cells after weaning.	Lactose	64-71	lactase	Homo sapiens	39-46
11886844-6	2002	Main ECA was adsorbed by both lactose and anti-galectin-9 antibody affinity column, suggesting that the ECA was ascribed to galectin-9.	Lactose	30-37	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	124-134
11895164-8	2002	In axenic mice consuming lactose, plasmid transfer occurred, beta-galactosidase was not detected and beta-glucosidase was decreased.	Lactose	25-32	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	61-79
11854722-9	2002	Monocyte chemotaxis in response to both VGVAPG and AAA extracts was abolished in the presence of lactose, a galactosugar that specifically dissociates the 67-kD EBP, but it was unaffected by either glucose, fructose, or mannose.	Lactose	97-104	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	161-164
11788828-1	2002	Adult-type hypolactasia, also known as lactase non-persistence (lactose intolerance), is a common autosomal recessive condition resulting from the physiological decline in activity of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) in intestinal cells after weaning.	Lactose	64-71	lactase	Homo sapiens	188-215
11788828-1	2002	Adult-type hypolactasia, also known as lactase non-persistence (lactose intolerance), is a common autosomal recessive condition resulting from the physiological decline in activity of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) in intestinal cells after weaning.	Lactose	64-71	lactase	Homo sapiens	217-220
11788828-2	2002	LPH hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	15-22	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-3
11786229-0	2001	NMR investigations of protein-carbohydrate interactions: insights into the topology of the bound conformation of a lactose isomer and beta-galactosyl xyloses to mistletoe lectin and galectin-1.	Lactose	115-122	galectin 1	Bos taurus	182-192
11831512-11	2002	Pigs fed lactose tended to have greater lactase activity on d 10 than pigs fed CSS (P < 0.07).	Lactose	9-16	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	40-47
11889764-5	2002	Proton MRS revealed lactate(Lac) peak at 1.33 ppm as negative peak at TE 136 ms and positive peak at TE 272 ms. N-acetylaspartate(NAA), creatine/phosphocreatine(Cr) and choline-containing compounds(Cho) were not visible.	Lactose	28-31	MROS	Homo sapiens	7-10
11889764-6	2002	Lac peak without other peaks such as NAA, Cr, Cho is a unique finding of proton MRS for epidermoid and this could be useful in the differential diagnosis.	Lactose	0-3	MROS	Homo sapiens	80-83
11743245-0	2002	Lactose intolerance in active Crohn"s disease: clinical value of duodenal lactase analysis.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	74-81
11786229-5	2001	Thus, the conformation of lactose analogues bound to bovine heart galectin-1 and to mistletoe lectin in solution has been determined by transferred nuclear Overhauser effect measurements.	Lactose	26-33	galectin 1	Bos taurus	66-76
11735123-3	2001	We hereby report that galectin-3 mediates the endocytosis of beta-1 integrins in a lactose-dependent manner.	Lactose	83-90	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	22-32
11735123-3	2001	We hereby report that galectin-3 mediates the endocytosis of beta-1 integrins in a lactose-dependent manner.	Lactose	83-90	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	61-67
11735123-4	2001	Interestingly we observed that galectin-3 was also rapidly internalized by the cells via the same pathway and the internalization was completely blocked by lactose.	Lactose	156-163	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	31-41
11571301-2	2001	Here we describe a three-dimensional structure of Glut1 based on helical packing schemes proposed for lactose permease and Glut1 and predictions of secondary structure, and refined using energy minimization, molecular dynamics simulations, and quality and environmental scores.	Lactose	102-109	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
11747440-1	2001	The hinge domain encompasses amino acids 51-60 of lactose repressor (LacI) and plays an important role in its regulatory interaction with operator DNA.	Lactose	50-57	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	69-73
11742106-7	2001	By docking simulations PP13 possessed sugar-binding activity with highest affinity to N-acetyllactosamine and lactose typical of most galectins.	Lactose	110-117	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	23-27
11677212-8	2001	GC-C-deficient mice given the lactose diet reacted with higher gut-to-carcass ratios.	Lactose	30-37	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	0-4
11677212-9	2001	Although they did not develop diarrhea, GC-C-sufficient and -deficient mice on the lactose diet responded with elevated levels of guanylin and uroguanylin RNA and protein.	Lactose	83-90	guanylate cyclase 2c	Mus musculus	40-44
11677212-9	2001	Although they did not develop diarrhea, GC-C-sufficient and -deficient mice on the lactose diet responded with elevated levels of guanylin and uroguanylin RNA and protein.	Lactose	83-90	guanylate cyclase activator 2b (retina)	Mus musculus	143-154
11948868-8	2001	In haemagglutination experiments as a model for cell adhesion, galectin-3 was markedly sensitive to increased sugar valency and a relative potency per lactose of 150 was reached.	Lactose	151-158	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-73
11697551-5	2001	A single band specific to phosphorylated PKB was found on the Western blots, indicating that the active conformation of insulin was retained when spray dried in combination with lactose and with xanthan gum over the spray-drying inlet temperature range of 110-170 degrees C. Evidence of inactivation/denaturation was observed when insulin was spray dried at an inlet temperature of 200 degrees C. The assay may be of use as a more rapid and economic means to screen insulin formulations for inhalation and other purposes as opposed to conventional monitoring of blood glucose levels in animals.	Lactose	178-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
11906576-0	2001	Improvement of symptoms in infant colic following reduction of lactose load with lactase.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Homo sapiens	81-88
11906576-5	2001	These findings suggest that infant colic may have a multiple aetiology, and that in a significant number of cases the immediate cause is transient lactose intolerance, in which cases pretreatment of feeds with lactase can result in considerable symptomatic benefits.	Lactose	147-154	lactase	Homo sapiens	210-217
11532865-9	2001	Therefore, the sigmoid colon of VDR-KO mice, fed on an appropriate lactose/calcium-enriched diet to alleviate impaired calcium homeostasis-related phenotypic changes, is an excellent model for investigating induction and prevention of pre-malignant changes in one of the hotspots for human colorectal cancer incidence.	Lactose	67-74	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	32-35
11745794-3	2001	After blending with albuterol sulfate [ALB; volume median diameter (VMD), 1.9 microm; geometric standard deviation (GSD), 1.5], the solvent-treated lactose produced a fine particle fraction (FPF; < 6.18 microm) and dispersibility of the drug that was significantly (ANOVA p < 0.01) lower than that which resulted from formulations containing untreated lactose of a similar size fraction, after aerosolization at 60 L min(-1) via a Rotahaler.	Lactose	148-155	albumin	Homo sapiens	39-42
11745794-4	2001	The two size fractions of the treated lactose resulted in similar deposition profiles of ALB.	Lactose	38-45	albumin	Homo sapiens	89-92
11745794-6	2001	The fine lactose increased the FPF and dispersibility of ALB to such a level that all lactose batches, regardless of particle size or whether solvent treated, produced a similar fraction of aerosolized ALB.	Lactose	9-16	albumin	Homo sapiens	57-60
11745794-6	2001	The fine lactose increased the FPF and dispersibility of ALB to such a level that all lactose batches, regardless of particle size or whether solvent treated, produced a similar fraction of aerosolized ALB.	Lactose	9-16	albumin	Homo sapiens	202-205
11745794-7	2001	The inclusion of recrystallized needle lactose (5-15 microm) was superior to micronized lactose in improving the aerosolization of ALB.	Lactose	39-46	albumin	Homo sapiens	131-134
11745794-7	2001	The inclusion of recrystallized needle lactose (5-15 microm) was superior to micronized lactose in improving the aerosolization of ALB.	Lactose	88-95	albumin	Homo sapiens	131-134
11556325-6	2001	The fold of the ligand binding domain is that of a bilobal periplasmic binding protein (PBP) very similar to that of the Leu/Ile/Val binding protein, AmiC, multi-domain transmembrane metabotropic glutamate receptors, and several DNA binding proteins such as the lactose repressor.	Lactose	262-269	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	88-91
11341761-3	2001	To examine cell responses and target genes related to the BCL-6 signaling pathway, we established Ba/F3 pro-B cells carrying a human BCL-6 transgene that is inducible under control of the lactose operon.	Lactose	188-195	BCL6 transcription repressor	Homo sapiens	133-138
11419947-2	2001	LA promotes the binding of glucose (Glc) to beta4Gal-T1, thereby altering its sugar acceptor specificity from N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to glucose, which enables LS to synthesize lactose, the major carbohydrate component of milk.	Lactose	182-189	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	44-55
11410531-4	2001	Pigmentation of the mouse was controlled by the interaction of the lac repressor with the regulatable Tyrosinase transgene in a manner that was fully reversible by the lactose analog IPTG.	Lactose	168-175	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	102-112
11407896-1	2001	Poly-l-lysine, with 40% of its amino groups substituted with lactose, is an effective vector to transfer the CFTR gene into CF airway epithelial cells and correct the chloride channel dysfunction.	Lactose	61-68	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	109-113
11519818-6	2001	In a biotransformation application one bed was provided with immobilized beta-galactosidase and used in the production of lactose-free milk.	Lactose	122-129	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	73-91
11434780-1	2001	Purine repressor (PurR) binding to specific DNA is enhanced by complexing with purines, whereas lactose repressor (LacI) binding is diminished by interaction with inducer sugars despite 30% identity in their protein sequences and highly homologous tertiary structures.	Lactose	96-103	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	115-119
11427234-1	2001	1An improved method for purifying hexose oxidase (D-hexose: O(2) 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.5) from the marine red alga Chondrus crispus is described for obtaining enzyme suitable for structural characterization and use in bioconversion of lactose to lactobionic acid.	Lactose	240-247	CHC_T00009130001	Chondrus crispus	34-81
11447133-0	2001	Toxoplasma gondii micronemal protein MIC1 is a lactose-binding lectin.	Lactose	47-54	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	37-41
11447133-2	2001	We demonstrate here that micronemal protein 1 (MIC1) is a lactose-binding lectin.	Lactose	58-65	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	47-51
11447133-3	2001	MIC1 and MIC4 were recovered in the lactose-eluted (Lac(+)) fraction on affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose of the soluble antigen fraction from tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain.	Lactose	36-43	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	0-4
11447133-3	2001	MIC1 and MIC4 were recovered in the lactose-eluted (Lac(+)) fraction on affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose of the soluble antigen fraction from tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain.	Lactose	36-43	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-13
11447133-3	2001	MIC1 and MIC4 were recovered in the lactose-eluted (Lac(+)) fraction on affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose of the soluble antigen fraction from tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain.	Lactose	111-118	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	0-4
11447133-3	2001	MIC1 and MIC4 were recovered in the lactose-eluted (Lac(+)) fraction on affinity chromatography on immobilized lactose of the soluble antigen fraction from tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain.	Lactose	111-118	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	9-13
11434930-4	2001	Among the various lactose derivatives studied, A-tetrasaccharide emerged with the highest affinity for binding to galectin-3 combining site.	Lactose	18-25	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	114-124
11152685-0	2001	In vitro interaction of the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein with the lactose repressor.	Lactose	82-89	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	45-72
11311412-3	2001	Non-nutritive sucking is elicited by the ingestion of milk, and the lactose concentration in milk, rather than that of fat or protein, is the main factor stimulating non-nutritive sucking.	Lactose	68-75	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	93-97
11152685-1	2001	Sedimentation equilibrium studies show that the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP) and lactose repressor associate to form a 2:1 complex in vitro.	Lactose	103-110	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	65-92
11152685-1	2001	Sedimentation equilibrium studies show that the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP) and lactose repressor associate to form a 2:1 complex in vitro.	Lactose	103-110	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	94-97
11152685-7	2001	CAP-lac repressor interactions may play important roles in regulatory events that take place at overlapping CAP and repressor binding sites in the lactose promoter.	Lactose	147-154	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	0-3
11152685-7	2001	CAP-lac repressor interactions may play important roles in regulatory events that take place at overlapping CAP and repressor binding sites in the lactose promoter.	Lactose	147-154	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	108-111
11237935-3	2001	DESIGN: We assessed the capacity to digest lactose by measuring breath-hydrogen production after oral administration of lactose in 50 patients with type 1 diabetes, 50 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 50 healthy control subjects from Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, a population characterized by a low prevalence of lactase persistence (lactose absorbers).	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	312-319
11272022-6	2001	However, the transgalactosylation of lactose from hexanol, catalyzed by a fungal beta-galactosidase, showed only a feeble reactivity.	Lactose	37-44	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	81-99
11332711-4	2001	Lactose intolerance is the most common intestinal disorder that is associated with an absence or drastically reduced levels of an intestinal enzyme, in this case lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	162-189
11332711-4	2001	Lactose intolerance is the most common intestinal disorder that is associated with an absence or drastically reduced levels of an intestinal enzyme, in this case lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	191-194
11286415-1	2001	Lactose synthase (a complex of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin) forms lactose in the Golgi complex of mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	90-97	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	31-60
11286415-1	2001	Lactose synthase (a complex of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin) forms lactose in the Golgi complex of mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	90-97	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	65-82
11084020-4	2001	This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor.	Lactose	160-167	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
11084020-4	2001	This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor.	Lactose	160-167	elastin	Homo sapiens	198-205
11084020-4	2001	This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor.	Lactose	160-167	elastin	Homo sapiens	198-205
11084020-4	2001	This notion was further reinforced by the fact that elastin peptides-dependent MMP-1 up-regulation has not been demonstrated in cultures preincubated with 1 mm lactose, which causes shedding of the elastin-binding protein and with pertussis toxin, which blocks the elastin-binding protein-dependent signaling pathway involving G protein, phospholipase C, and protein kinase C. Moreover, we demonstrated that diverse peptides maintaining GXXPG sequences can also induce similar cellular effects as a "principal" VGVAPG ligand of the elastin receptor.	Lactose	160-167	elastin	Homo sapiens	198-205
11239243-11	2001	However, normal glutamine synthetase expression was observed only in the presence of lactose, but not in the presence of mannose.	Lactose	85-92	glutamate-ammonia ligase like 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-36
11532191-9	2001	Binding between MP20 and galectin-3 was disrupted by lactose suggesting the lectin site was involved in the interaction.	Lactose	53-60	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	16-20
11180065-1	2001	The study of the effects of nonuniform distributions of immobilized beta-galactosidase on the overall reaction rate of the hydrolysis of lactose are presented.	Lactose	137-144	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	68-86
11166807-1	2001	Introduction of beta-galactosidase into a trans-sialidase reaction, i.e. sialic acid transfer reaction from a donor substrate (alpha2,3-sialyllactose) to an acceptor substrate (beta-galactosyldisaccharide), could improve the yield of desired sialylated trisaccharide by hydrolyzing lactose, a byproduct from the donor.	Lactose	142-149	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	16-34
11159975-1	2001	We have earlier shown that galectin-3, a lactose-binding mammalian lectin that is secreted from activated macrophages, basophils, and mast cells, induces activation of the NADPH oxidase in exudated but not in peripheral blood neutrophils (A. Karlsson, P. Follin, H. Leffler, and C. Dahlgren, Blood 91:3430-3438, 1998).	Lactose	41-48	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	27-37
11146440-5	2001	In a solid-phase binding assay, human recombinant galectin-1 bound immobilized human recombinant 90K in a fashion that was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	138-145	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	50-60
11146440-5	2001	In a solid-phase binding assay, human recombinant galectin-1 bound immobilized human recombinant 90K in a fashion that was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	138-145	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	97-100
11787698-6	2001	All milk specimens contained lactose, although levels were quite low in bear and kangaroo milk.	Lactose	29-36	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	4-8
11217864-7	2001	Pre-treatment of wild-type T cells with lactose to compete for galectin binding produced a phenocopy of Mgat5-/- TCR clustering.	Lactose	40-47	alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase	Homo sapiens	104-109
11206779-2	2001	Lac repressor elutes at lower heparin concentrations from a lower affinity lactose operatorl (Op1)-Sepharose column than from a higher affinity column containing the same sequence with a T18:A18 tail (Op1T18).	Lactose	75-82	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Homo sapiens	94-97
11777374-4	2001	Both the galactose- and lactose-installed micelles specifically interacted with RCA-1; on the other hand the mannose-installed micelle interacted specifically with Con A.	Lactose	11-18	von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor	Homo sapiens	80-85
11532191-9	2001	Binding between MP20 and galectin-3 was disrupted by lactose suggesting the lectin site was involved in the interaction.	Lactose	53-60	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	25-35
11063297-7	2000	Iberian red deer milk had 11.5% fat, 7.6% protein, 5.9% lactose, and 26.7% DM.	Lactose	56-63	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	17-21
11723829-2	2001	Such an effect is time and concentration dependent; it can be reproduced by synthetic elastin: VGVAPG, PGAIPG, and laminin: LGTIPG, hexapeptides and inhibited by lactose and is therefore elastin receptor-mediated.	Lactose	162-169	elastin	Homo sapiens	86-93
11723829-2	2001	Such an effect is time and concentration dependent; it can be reproduced by synthetic elastin: VGVAPG, PGAIPG, and laminin: LGTIPG, hexapeptides and inhibited by lactose and is therefore elastin receptor-mediated.	Lactose	162-169	elastin	Homo sapiens	187-194
11980200-7	2001	alpha-Lactalbumin was selected for its role in lactose synthesis and regulation of milk volume.	Lactose	47-54	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	0-17
11980200-10	2001	First parity alpha-lactalbumin gilts had higher milk lactose content in early lactation and 20-50% greater milk yield on days 3-9 of lactation than did non-transgenic gilts.	Lactose	53-60	lactalbumin alpha	Sus scrofa	13-30
11776151-10	2000	LD and LI have a dose dependent response: lactose absorption and symptoms are based on lactase activity.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-94
11106409-1	2000	Milk lactose is hydrolysed to galactose and glucose in the small intestine of mammals by the lactase/phlorizin hydrolase complex (LPH; EC 3.2.1.108/62).	Lactose	5-12	lactase	Homo sapiens	93-100
11064216-4	2000	The binary formulations containing the different sugar entities produced differences in the fine (<6.4 microm) particle fraction (FPF) of SS in a decreasing order of mannitol >sorbitol >lactose, but failed to produce efficient dispersion of SS since the FPF was <10%.	Lactose	195-202	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	133-136
11319835-11	2001	These results demonstrate a hormonally-regulated targeting mechanism for GLUT1 and are consistent with an important role for GLUT1 in the provision of substrate for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	165-172	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	73-78
11319835-11	2001	These results demonstrate a hormonally-regulated targeting mechanism for GLUT1 and are consistent with an important role for GLUT1 in the provision of substrate for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	165-172	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	125-130
12539545-2	2001	Cultured in glucose-free M9ZB medium and induced with IPTG and lactose at a final concentration of 0.02 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L respectively, the engineered bacteria carrying expression vector of human HSP70 gene expressed rHSP70 at an efficiency fo 60%.	Lactose	63-70	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	198-203
11117332-3	2000	The NMR data led to the tentative conclusion that the reaction also yielded small amounts of lactose, and alpha-Neu5Ac-(2 --> 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 --> 4)-D-Glc-(1c --> 4b)-lactone which was stable in aqueous solution.	Lactose	93-100	GLC1C	Homo sapiens	159-166
11125794-1	2000	PROBLEM: In a previous study, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) after chemical modifications with gossypol (Gossy-LDH-C4) and glucosylation with lactose (Glu-LDH-C4) was found to induce high immunological infertility in allogenic mice.	Lactose	151-158	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	36-60
11125794-1	2000	PROBLEM: In a previous study, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) after chemical modifications with gossypol (Gossy-LDH-C4) and glucosylation with lactose (Glu-LDH-C4) was found to induce high immunological infertility in allogenic mice.	Lactose	151-158	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	62-68
11125794-1	2000	PROBLEM: In a previous study, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) after chemical modifications with gossypol (Gossy-LDH-C4) and glucosylation with lactose (Glu-LDH-C4) was found to induce high immunological infertility in allogenic mice.	Lactose	151-158	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	120-126
11125794-1	2000	PROBLEM: In a previous study, mouse lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4) after chemical modifications with gossypol (Gossy-LDH-C4) and glucosylation with lactose (Glu-LDH-C4) was found to induce high immunological infertility in allogenic mice.	Lactose	151-158	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	120-126
11086890-7	2000	The water vapor liberated from the lactose particles, was trapped in the molten PEG during the pelletization process.	Lactose	35-42	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10782045-1	2000	Previous studies have demonstrated that the prolactin stimulation of most lactational processes (casein, lactose, and triglyceride synthesis) requires an earlier stimulating effect of prolactin on the synthesis of the polyamines.	Lactose	105-112	prolactin	Mus musculus	44-53
10992292-6	2000	Lactose brought about a 20% inhibition of this interaction, whereas the glycoprotein asialofetuin brought about a 75% inhibition, suggesting that complex carbohydrate structures are involved in the binding of galectin-1 to splenocytes.	Lactose	0-7	galectin-1	Ovis aries	209-219
10920009-4	2000	Rotational correlation times of 1-2 micros for purified spin-labeled bovine rhodopsin in lipid membranes led to viscosities of 2.2 poise for bilayers of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (28 degrees C) and 3.0 poise for the specific mixture of lipids used to reconstitute LacS (30 degrees C).	Lactose	269-273	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	76-85
10861861-3	2000	For example, the well-known lectin, galectin-3, a lactose-binding protein, can act inside the nucleus in splicing events, and at the plasma membrane in adhesion, and it was demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts in the cytoplasm with Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	36-46
10861861-3	2000	For example, the well-known lectin, galectin-3, a lactose-binding protein, can act inside the nucleus in splicing events, and at the plasma membrane in adhesion, and it was demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts in the cytoplasm with Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	191-201
10861861-3	2000	For example, the well-known lectin, galectin-3, a lactose-binding protein, can act inside the nucleus in splicing events, and at the plasma membrane in adhesion, and it was demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts in the cytoplasm with Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein.	Lactose	50-57	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	234-239
10794736-1	2000	alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a regulatory protein by which the mammalian beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta1,4-galT) is induced to utilize glucose as an acceptor instead of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) during lactose synthesis in mammary gland.	Lactose	213-220	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	0-17
10794736-1	2000	alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a regulatory protein by which the mammalian beta1,4-galactosyltransferase (beta1,4-galT) is induced to utilize glucose as an acceptor instead of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) during lactose synthesis in mammary gland.	Lactose	213-220	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	19-27
11032750-5	2000	The IC(50) value of bFGF-rMLA/rMLB to B16 cells in the presence of lactose-to block rMLB lectin activity-was 134 pM.	Lactose	67-74	fibroblast growth factor 2	Mus musculus	20-24
10938267-3	2000	Using a panel of sulfated lactose (Galbeta1-->4Glc) neoglycolipids as substrates in direct binding assays, we found that 6",6-disulfolactose was the preferred structure for L-selectin, although significant binding to 6"- and 6-sulfolactose was observed as well.	Lactose	26-33	selectin L	Homo sapiens	176-186
12192339-4	2000	Transient lactose intolerance, as a result of inadequate production of the enzyme lactase, is one possibility.	Lactose	10-17	lactase	Homo sapiens	82-89
12192339-6	2000	Colief Infant Drops consist of lactase in a glycerol and water solution which, when added to formula or breast milk, converts lactose to simple sugars and makes the feed more easily digestible.	Lactose	126-133	lactase	Homo sapiens	31-38
10925302-3	2000	Galectin-3-induced monocyte migration was inhibited by its specific mAb and was blocked by lactose and a C-terminal domain fragment of the protein, indicating that both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-3 are involved in this activity.	Lactose	91-98	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
10925302-3	2000	Galectin-3-induced monocyte migration was inhibited by its specific mAb and was blocked by lactose and a C-terminal domain fragment of the protein, indicating that both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-3 are involved in this activity.	Lactose	91-98	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	210-220
11286339-4	2000	On this sensor the CUP1 promoter is first induced by the Cu2+-containing probe and subsequently lactose is used as a deputy substrate to make the measurement.	Lactose	96-103	metallothionein CUP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
10955843-1	2000	PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of Modulated Temperature DSC (MTDSC) as a means of assessing the relaxation behaviour of amorphous lactose via measurement of the heat capacity, glass transition (Tg) and relaxation endotherm.	Lactose	128-135	desmocollin 3	Homo sapiens	54-57
10821566-9	2000	The highest beta-gal increases, when induced during growth in lactose, for mutants of each culture were 137% for L. delbrueckii ssp.	Lactose	62-69	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	12-20
10845690-9	2000	The FPF and dispersibility of SS increased with either the surface smoothness (P < 0.01) or elongation ratio (P < 0.01) of lactose crystals.	Lactose	129-136	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Homo sapiens	4-7
10745086-2	2000	The galectin-3 enhanced binding of trypanosomes to laminin is inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	75-82	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	4-14
10759149-11	2000	Changes in the amount and targeting of GLUT1 during mammary gland development are consistent with a key role for GLUT1 in supplying substrate for lactose synthesis and milk production.	Lactose	146-153	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	39-44
10759149-11	2000	Changes in the amount and targeting of GLUT1 during mammary gland development are consistent with a key role for GLUT1 in supplying substrate for lactose synthesis and milk production.	Lactose	146-153	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3	Mus musculus	113-118
10745086-4	2000	Binding of galectin-3 to the 45, 32 and 30 kDa surface proteins is inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	80-87	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-21
10712597-4	2000	HIP/PAP is a lactose binding C-type lectin which acts as an adhesion molecule for rat hepatocytes.	Lactose	13-20	regenerating family member 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
10677375-1	2000	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase is a brush-border enzyme which is specifically expressed in the small intestine where it hydrolyses lactose, the main carbohydrate found in milk.	Lactose	128-135	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
10722666-7	2000	ECA activity of ecalectin-WT was inhibited by lactose in a dose-dependent manner.	Lactose	46-53	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	16-25
10722666-8	2000	Site-directed mutation of positions Arg(65) of ecalectin-NT and Arg(239) of ecalectin-CT to an aspartic acid residue resulted in the loss of both lactose-binding and ECA activities.	Lactose	146-153	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	47-56
10722666-8	2000	Site-directed mutation of positions Arg(65) of ecalectin-NT and Arg(239) of ecalectin-CT to an aspartic acid residue resulted in the loss of both lactose-binding and ECA activities.	Lactose	146-153	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	76-85
10527616-8	1999	Finally, gel filtration of the exported material showed that galectin-3 can be found in at least two high molecular weight complexes (approximately 650 and approximately 60 kDa), both of which can be disrupted by lactose.	Lactose	213-220	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	61-71
10611160-1	2000	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lactase is the intestinal disaccharidase responsible for digestion of lactose, the predominant carbohydrate in milk.	Lactose	93-100	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
10593954-7	1999	We determined that the WG LOS components are Hep[1]-elongated forms of 15253 LOS that have a lactose on both Hep[1] and Hep[2] (Yamasaki, R., Kerwood, D. E., Schneider, H., Quinn, K. P., Griffiss, J. M., and Mandrell, R. E. (1994) J. Biol.	Lactose	93-100	DNL-type zinc finger	Homo sapiens	45-50
10593954-7	1999	We determined that the WG LOS components are Hep[1]-elongated forms of 15253 LOS that have a lactose on both Hep[1] and Hep[2] (Yamasaki, R., Kerwood, D. E., Schneider, H., Quinn, K. P., Griffiss, J. M., and Mandrell, R. E. (1994) J. Biol.	Lactose	93-100	DNL-type zinc finger	Homo sapiens	109-114
10662522-1	2000	Hydrophobic helical peptide molecules with a lactose unit at the C terminal, Nap-(Ala-Aib)(n)-NHCH(2)CH(2)NH-Lac (Nap, Aib, and Lac represent 2-naphthylacetic acid group, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, and lactobionic acid group, respectively, n=4, 6, 8), were synthesized and their formation of self-assemblies in water was investigated.	Lactose	45-52	lactase	Homo sapiens	109-112
10642604-4	2000	This effect of gal-1 on [Ca(2+)](i)is completely inhibited by lactose at 10 mM and was absent in CD45(-)Jurkat J45.01 cells.	Lactose	62-69	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
10534768-1	1999	We applied the differential mRNA display method to isolate genes regulated by wild-type TP53 in cells of a colon-cancer line (SW480) in which we had established an inducible TP53 expression system under the control of the lactose operon.	Lactose	222-229	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	88-92
10534768-1	1999	We applied the differential mRNA display method to isolate genes regulated by wild-type TP53 in cells of a colon-cancer line (SW480) in which we had established an inducible TP53 expression system under the control of the lactose operon.	Lactose	222-229	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	174-178
10536372-10	1999	Galectin-3 also demonstrated a specific binding interaction with purified elastin in a dose and lactose dependent manner.	Lactose	96-103	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
10536372-10	1999	Galectin-3 also demonstrated a specific binding interaction with purified elastin in a dose and lactose dependent manner.	Lactose	96-103	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
10558859-0	1999	Protein domain mapping by lambda phage display: the minimal lactose-binding domain of galectin-3.	Lactose	60-67	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	86-96
10558859-5	1999	DNA sequence analysis of a set of isolated clones defined the minimal folding domain of Gal-3 required for lactose binding, which consisted of 136 amino-acid residues.	Lactose	107-114	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	88-93
10553088-5	1999	Proteins eluted from a galectin-3-Sepharose column by lactose were analyzed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and showed two major bands of 100 and 160 kDa and a minor band of 120 kDa.	Lactose	54-61	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	23-33
10552848-1	1999	Bovine beta-LG was modified by glycation with lactose in a powdered state or in an aqueous solution.	Lactose	46-53	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	7-14
12712706-0	1999	[Effect of exogenous lactase on the absorption of lactose and its intolerance symptoms].	Lactose	50-57	lactase	Homo sapiens	21-28
10521041-8	1999	Cows tended to have a higher milk lactose proportion and tended to produce more milk and milk lactose when they were abomasally infused with isoleucine alone.	Lactose	34-41	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	29-33
10521041-12	1999	Results suggest that enhanced delivery of intestinally absorbable isoleucine may stimulate milk lactose synthesis.	Lactose	96-103	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	91-95
10521477-1	1999	Amino acid alterations were designed at the C terminus of the hinge segment (amino acids approximately 51-59) that links two functional domains within lactose repressor protein (LacI).	Lactose	151-158	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	178-182
12712706-1	1999	The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactase on lactose malabsorption and its intolerance symptoms, as well as the available way to improve lactose absorption.	Lactose	70-77	lactase	Homo sapiens	59-66
10449803-18	1999	Our results suggest that rescue-effect of lactose is mediated by a non-rds/peripherin related mechanism.	Lactose	42-49	peripherin 2 (retinal degeneration, slow) S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	71-74
10719561-1	1999	These experiments investigated the reaction rate of lactase on milk lactose by measuring milk osmolality; and explored the effect of formula reconstitution on milk osmolality.	Lactose	68-75	lactase	Bos taurus	52-59
10719561-3	1999	Lactase (Lactaid) incubated with pure lactose solutions established the validity of the method.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Bos taurus	0-7
10449803-18	1999	Our results suggest that rescue-effect of lactose is mediated by a non-rds/peripherin related mechanism.	Lactose	42-49	peripherin S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	75-85
10398535-9	1999	In contrast, in the mesonephroi cultured in the presence of TDG and lactose, the epithelial tubular cells expressing E-cadherin also express vimentin.	Lactose	68-75	cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	117-127
10393171-2	1999	In mammals, beta4Gal-T1 binds to alpha-lactalbumin, a protein that is structurally homologous to lyzozyme, to produce lactose.	Lactose	118-125	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	12-23
10393171-2	1999	In mammals, beta4Gal-T1 binds to alpha-lactalbumin, a protein that is structurally homologous to lyzozyme, to produce lactose.	Lactose	118-125	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	33-50
10463396-9	1999	The study also revealed that the concentrations of the other milk components, somatic cell count, lactose and protein were affected by the place of storage of milk in the mammary gland.	Lactose	98-105	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	159-163
10361169-0	1999	Development of dried liposomes containing beta-galactosidase for the digestion of lactose in milk.	Lactose	82-89	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
10361169-2	1999	In order to cope with this shortcoming, we examined whether beta-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes lactose, added to the whole milk in the form of dried liposomes, would be able to digest lactose in milk following the lysis of liposomes in the presence of bile salts.	Lactose	97-104	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
10361169-2	1999	In order to cope with this shortcoming, we examined whether beta-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes lactose, added to the whole milk in the form of dried liposomes, would be able to digest lactose in milk following the lysis of liposomes in the presence of bile salts.	Lactose	186-193	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
10361169-9	1999	Lactose hydrolysis in the presence of deoxycholic acid after the addition of dried liposome-entrapped beta-galactosidase to whole milk was proportional to the quantity of entrapped beta-galactosidase and the amount of dried liposomes added.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	102-120
10361169-9	1999	Lactose hydrolysis in the presence of deoxycholic acid after the addition of dried liposome-entrapped beta-galactosidase to whole milk was proportional to the quantity of entrapped beta-galactosidase and the amount of dried liposomes added.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	181-199
10361169-10	1999	These results demonstrate that beta-galactosidase entrapped in liposome is stable and reconstituted mostly upon rehydration, and can digest lactose in milk after the efficient lysis of liposomes in the presence of bile salts.	Lactose	140-147	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-49
10226182-6	1999	The growth of the nipple and the rate of excretion of lactose were related to the concentration of prolactin in the plasma.	Lactose	54-61	prolactin	Homo sapiens	99-108
10361249-3	1999	(Ca2+ is required for activation of the classical C pathway via C1q and the lactin pathway via mannose binding lectin (MBL), and the surface of apoptotic cells usually activates the alternative C pathway.)	Lactose	76-82	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	95-117
10361249-3	1999	(Ca2+ is required for activation of the classical C pathway via C1q and the lactin pathway via mannose binding lectin (MBL), and the surface of apoptotic cells usually activates the alternative C pathway.)	Lactose	76-82	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	119-122
10369488-2	1999	RESULTS: Eight studies (including 78 patients) demonstrated that lactase deficient subjects absorbed lactose in yogurt better than lactose in milk, while two studies (25 patients) did not support this.	Lactose	101-108	lactase	Homo sapiens	65-72
10369488-4	1999	Addition of lactose hydrolysing enzyme, lactase, to milk improved lactose malabsorption in seven studies (131 lactose malabsorbers), while one study (10 malabsorbers) demonstrated no improvement.	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
10369488-4	1999	Addition of lactose hydrolysing enzyme, lactase, to milk improved lactose malabsorption in seven studies (131 lactose malabsorbers), while one study (10 malabsorbers) demonstrated no improvement.	Lactose	66-73	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
10369488-9	1999	CONCLUSIONS: Lactase deficient subjects benefit from a better lactose absorption after ingestion of yoghurt compared with milk and from milk added lactase, whereas ingestion of unfermented acidophilus milk does not seem to improve lactose absorption.	Lactose	62-69	lactase	Homo sapiens	13-20
10070136-2	1999	Specifically, we assessed the quantitative relationships between lactose load and the series capacities of lactase and the Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-1).	Lactose	65-72	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	107-114
10070136-2	1999	Specifically, we assessed the quantitative relationships between lactose load and the series capacities of lactase and the Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT-1).	Lactose	65-72	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-156
10347071-3	1999	In this work we show that the lactose-utilizing yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, engineered for production of recombinant human lysozyme, can be grown in cottage cheese whey, resulting in high-level production of the heterologous protein (125 microg/ml).	Lactose	30-37	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	123-131
10389944-6	1999	In murine experiments combining partial surgical resection with the nonviral gene therapy, significant antitumor efficacy was demonstrated in the hIL-2 plasmid formulation group compared with empty plasmid formulation and lactose-injected controls.	Lactose	222-229	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
10376242-9	1999	As milk glucose concentrations have been shown previously to reflect changes in the intracellular concentration of glucose, the results indicate that part of the mechanism by which growth hormone stimulates milk production is by increasing the intracellular availability of glucose for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	286-293	growth hormone	Capra hircus	181-195
10203917-3	1999	However, research has shown that lactase nonpersistence, the loss of enzymes that digest the milk sugar lactose, occurs in a majority of African-, Asian-, Hispanic-, and Native-American individuals.	Lactose	104-111	lactase	Homo sapiens	33-40
10552372-8	1999	The result of time courses of hydrolysis of lactose showed that beta-galactosidase from the plant gram chicken bean would have a promising application in the hydrolysis of lactose in milk.	Lactose	44-51	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	64-82
10552372-8	1999	The result of time courses of hydrolysis of lactose showed that beta-galactosidase from the plant gram chicken bean would have a promising application in the hydrolysis of lactose in milk.	Lactose	172-179	galactosidase beta 1	Gallus gallus	64-82
10093004-0	1999	Cell death by overload of the elastin-laminin receptor on human activated lymphocytes: protection by lactose and melibiose.	Lactose	101-108	elastin	Homo sapiens	30-37
10049685-4	1999	However, we have selectively enriched several phage clones that expressed capsid proteins fused with galectin-3, a galactose/lactose-specific animal lectin of the galectin family.	Lactose	117-124	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	101-111
10093004-10	1999	Elastin peptide-induced cell death was inhibited by 1 microgram mL-1 lactose and melibiose.	Lactose	69-76	elastin	Homo sapiens	0-7
10052352-0	1999	Production of low-lactose milk by ectopic expression of intestinal lactase in the mouse mammary gland.	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Mus musculus	67-74
9949189-7	1999	Interestingly, under conditions where mammalian beta4-GalT forms with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) the lactose synthase complex, the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT was similarly induced by alpha-LA to act on Glc with an increased efficiency yielding the lactose analog GalNAcbeta1-->4Glc.	Lactose	103-110	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	70-87
9949189-7	1999	Interestingly, under conditions where mammalian beta4-GalT forms with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) the lactose synthase complex, the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT was similarly induced by alpha-LA to act on Glc with an increased efficiency yielding the lactose analog GalNAcbeta1-->4Glc.	Lactose	103-110	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	89-97
9949189-7	1999	Interestingly, under conditions where mammalian beta4-GalT forms with alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) the lactose synthase complex, the mammary gland beta4-GalNAcT was similarly induced by alpha-LA to act on Glc with an increased efficiency yielding the lactose analog GalNAcbeta1-->4Glc.	Lactose	103-110	chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	147-160
10068963-5	1999	Milk concentrations of lactose and urea decreased, concentrations of ethanol and acetone increased, concentrations of free fatty acids increased slightly, and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were unaffected.	Lactose	23-30	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
10052352-4	1999	Lactase synthesis in the mammary gland caused a significant decrease in milk lactose (50-85%) without obvious changes in fat and protein concentrations.	Lactose	77-84	lactase	Mus musculus	0-7
10052352-6	1999	Hence, these data validate the use of transgenic animals expressing lactase in the mammary gland to produce low-lactose milk in vivo, and they demonstrate that the secretion of an intestinal digestive enzyme into milk can selectively modify its composition.	Lactose	112-119	lactase	Mus musculus	68-75
10195284-2	1999	Lysozymes bind and cleave the glycosidic bond linkage in sugars, where as, alpha-lactalbumin does not bind sugar but participates in the synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	150-157	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	75-92
9892646-5	1999	The beta3GnT enzyme showed a marked preference for Gal(beta1-4)Glc(NAc)-based acceptors, whereas no activity was detected on type 1 Gal(beta1-3)GlcNAc and O-glycan core 1 Gal(beta1-3)GalNAc acceptors.	Lactose	51-66	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	4-12
12712748-6	1999	Lactase activity decreasing of Chinese children occurred at the age of 7-8 years old, and the symptom of lactose intolerance depended on lactose dose.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
10563854-1	1999	The effect of glycation with lactose on the association behavior and conformational state of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was studied, using size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteolytic susceptibility, and binding of a fluorescent probe.	Lactose	29-36	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	100-118
10570908-1	1999	Galactokinase (GALK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, which causes cataract formation in children not maintained on a lactose-free diet.	Lactose	132-139	galactokinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
10570908-1	1999	Galactokinase (GALK) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, which causes cataract formation in children not maintained on a lactose-free diet.	Lactose	132-139	galactokinase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
10563854-1	1999	The effect of glycation with lactose on the association behavior and conformational state of bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) was studied, using size exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteolytic susceptibility, and binding of a fluorescent probe.	Lactose	29-36	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	120-127
12136210-3	1999	It was found that the reaction temperature and initial lactose concentration didn"thave obvious effects while the addition of glucose and galactose somewhat affected the GOS yield and the GOS yields could reach 64.78% with lactase immobilized on resin D345.	Lactose	55-62	lactase	Homo sapiens	223-230
10050073-1	1999	Galectin 1 (Gal-1), a lactose-binding lectin, is a component of vascular extracellular matrix and secreted by human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).	Lactose	22-29	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
10050073-1	1999	Galectin 1 (Gal-1), a lactose-binding lectin, is a component of vascular extracellular matrix and secreted by human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs).	Lactose	22-29	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
9928612-12	1998	The higher level of total alpha-lactalbumin present on d 0 of lactation was correlated with higher lactose percentage on d 0 in transgenic sows (3.8%), compared with controls (2.6%) (P < .01).	Lactose	99-106	lactalbumin alpha	Sus scrofa	26-43
10230039-0	1998	alpha-D-Glcp-(1<-->1)-beta-D-Galp-containing oligosaccharides, novel products from lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	89-96	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	35-39
10230039-0	1998	alpha-D-Glcp-(1<-->1)-beta-D-Galp-containing oligosaccharides, novel products from lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	89-96	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	114-132
10230039-1	1998	A mixture of oligosaccharides produced by beta-galactosidase using lactose as a substrate was fractionated according to degree of polymerization using gel filtration, followed by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography.	Lactose	67-74	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
9851870-4	1998	This mitogenic activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it could be significantly inhibited by lactose, a disaccharide competitive for carbohydrate-binding by galectin-3.	Lactose	118-125	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-74
9851870-4	1998	This mitogenic activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it could be significantly inhibited by lactose, a disaccharide competitive for carbohydrate-binding by galectin-3.	Lactose	118-125	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	182-192
9815014-2	1998	Normally, lactose in milk is broken down into glucose and galactose by lactase, an ectoenzyme on the brush border, and the hexoses are transported into the cell by the Na+-glucose cotransporter SGLT1.	Lactose	10-17	lactase	Homo sapiens	71-78
9843155-6	1998	In addition, the adhesion of dorsal root ganglion neurons to galectin-3 could be inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	94-101	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	61-71
9815014-2	1998	Normally, lactose in milk is broken down into glucose and galactose by lactase, an ectoenzyme on the brush border, and the hexoses are transported into the cell by the Na+-glucose cotransporter SGLT1.	Lactose	10-17	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	194-199
9811483-7	1998	Catalase appeared to inhibit lactose crystallization from an amorphous matrix to a greater extent than insulin when exposed to short-term elevated humidity, but this difference was a kinetic feature.	Lactose	29-36	catalase	Bos taurus	0-8
9760227-2	1998	Here we report the crystal structure of human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in free form and in the presence of galactose, galactosamine, lactose, and N-acetyl-lactosamine at high resolution.	Lactose	105-112	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	46-56
9821422-3	1998	At 10, 28, and 50 days of age lactase activity was determined by measuring the urinary ratio of lactulose/lactose after the 2 sugars were administered.	Lactose	106-113	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
9821422-10	1998	Whether the effects of milk on lactase activity were due to the greater concentration of lactose in human milk compared with that in formula must be determined.	Lactose	89-96	lactase	Homo sapiens	31-38
9760227-2	1998	Here we report the crystal structure of human galectin-7 (hGal-7), in free form and in the presence of galactose, galactosamine, lactose, and N-acetyl-lactosamine at high resolution.	Lactose	105-112	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	58-64
9783354-2	1998	In the gastrointestinal tract, lactose is hydrolysed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase (lactase) into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	31-38	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-85
9783354-2	1998	In the gastrointestinal tract, lactose is hydrolysed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase (lactase) into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	31-38	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-94
9688884-1	1998	Muscle metabolism, including the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in muscle lactate (Lac-) production, was examined during incremental exercise before and after 7 days of submaximal training on a cycle ergometer [2 h daily at 60% peak O2 uptake (VO2 max)].	Lactose	89-93	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	41-63
9713990-1	1998	We established a colon cancer cell line SW480-LOWTP53-1 carrying a wild-type TP53 transgene that is inducible under control of the lactose operon.	Lactose	131-138	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	49-53
9721318-2	1998	Chromosomal beta-galactosidase production could be dramatically induced by lactose but not by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and was subject to catabolite repression by glucose.	Lactose	75-82	DUF4981 domain-containing protein	Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308 = ATCC 14581	12-30
9721318-3	1998	Disruption of mbgA in the B. megaterium chromosome resulted in loss of lactose-inducible beta-galactosidase production.	Lactose	71-78	DUF4981 domain-containing protein	Bacillus megaterium NBRC 15308 = ATCC 14581	89-107
9738725-5	1998	Fractional fermentation of lactose was estimated from breath H2 excretion (0.52 +/- 0.34 during LAC feeding and 0.23 +/- 0.22 during SC feeding, P = .11).	Lactose	27-34	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-99
9872597-3	1998	Furthermore, treatment of cells with lactose (30 mM), which dissociated 67-kDa elastin binding protein (EBP) from cell surfaces, completely abolished this effect, suggesting that the elastin receptor could mediate such a response.	Lactose	37-44	elastin	Homo sapiens	79-86
9872597-3	1998	Furthermore, treatment of cells with lactose (30 mM), which dissociated 67-kDa elastin binding protein (EBP) from cell surfaces, completely abolished this effect, suggesting that the elastin receptor could mediate such a response.	Lactose	37-44	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	104-107
9872597-3	1998	Furthermore, treatment of cells with lactose (30 mM), which dissociated 67-kDa elastin binding protein (EBP) from cell surfaces, completely abolished this effect, suggesting that the elastin receptor could mediate such a response.	Lactose	37-44	elastin	Homo sapiens	183-190
9688884-1	1998	Muscle metabolism, including the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in muscle lactate (Lac-) production, was examined during incremental exercise before and after 7 days of submaximal training on a cycle ergometer [2 h daily at 60% peak O2 uptake (VO2 max)].	Lactose	89-93	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
9648083-9	1998	The concentration of IL-6 in the supernatant of stimulated monocytes was highest with Glu/Bic (1023 +/- 278 pg/ml) and Amino/Bic (776 +/- 296 pg/ml) an lowest with Glu/lac pH 5.5 (46 +/- 22 pg/ml) and Glu-poly/PBS (32 +/- 13 pg/ml).	Lactose	168-171	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
9647247-5	1998	The inhibitory effect on IL-5 transcription was reversed by incubation with lactose and using specific Ab against galectin-3.	Lactose	76-83	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	25-29
9637533-4	1998	The association of P16/5.1 with CR3 was specifically inhibited by lactose, which binds with high affinity to galectin-1.	Lactose	66-73	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	32-35
9637533-4	1998	The association of P16/5.1 with CR3 was specifically inhibited by lactose, which binds with high affinity to galectin-1.	Lactose	66-73	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	109-119
9618290-6	1998	Furthermore we demonstrated that galectin-3 associates with alpha 1 beta 1 integrin in a lactose dependent manner.	Lactose	89-96	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	33-43
9614164-0	1998	Insulin-dependent glucose utilization in intensively milk-fed veal calves is modulated by supplemental lactose in an age-dependent manner.	Lactose	103-110	insulin	Bos taurus	0-7
9614164-2	1998	We tested the age dependency of insulin resistance, modulated by high lactose intake, glucose oxidation and insulin receptor number and affinity after an overnight period without food.	Lactose	70-77	insulin	Bos taurus	32-39
9614164-8	1998	However, in calves receiving a high lactose intake, insulin-dependent glucose utilization was enhanced in the early phases, but was reduced in the late stages of the growth trial.	Lactose	36-43	insulin	Bos taurus	52-59
9614164-12	1998	A reduced insulin receptor number in skeletal muscle in calves fed high amounts of lactose likely contributed to low insulin-dependent glucose utilization.	Lactose	83-90	insulin receptor	Bos taurus	10-26
9614164-12	1998	A reduced insulin receptor number in skeletal muscle in calves fed high amounts of lactose likely contributed to low insulin-dependent glucose utilization.	Lactose	83-90	insulin	Bos taurus	10-17
9558402-1	1998	Galectin-3, a lactose-binding mammalian lectin that is secreted from activated macrophages, basophils, and mast cells, was investigated with respect to its ability to activate the human neutrophil NADPH-oxidase.	Lactose	14-21	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
9582341-2	1998	We report here the x-ray crystal structure of the human galectin-3 CRD, in complex with lactose and N-acetyllactosamine, at 2.1-A resolution.	Lactose	88-95	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	56-66
9621221-11	1998	The percentage of total solids recovery in uncreamed curd was higher for high SCC milk because the lactose content of the high SCC milk was 0.27% lower than that of the low SCC milk.	Lactose	99-106	SCC	Bos taurus	78-81
9803265-1	1998	A genetic polymorphism is responsible for determining that some humans express lactase at high levels throughout their lives and are thus lactose tolerant, while others lose lactase expression during childhood and are lactose intolerant.	Lactose	138-145	lactase	Homo sapiens	79-86
9803265-1	1998	A genetic polymorphism is responsible for determining that some humans express lactase at high levels throughout their lives and are thus lactose tolerant, while others lose lactase expression during childhood and are lactose intolerant.	Lactose	218-225	lactase	Homo sapiens	79-86
9803265-1	1998	A genetic polymorphism is responsible for determining that some humans express lactase at high levels throughout their lives and are thus lactose tolerant, while others lose lactase expression during childhood and are lactose intolerant.	Lactose	218-225	lactase	Homo sapiens	174-181
9573174-5	1998	Lactose transport as well as beta-galactosidase activity are inducible by the addition of lactose to the growth medium.	Lactose	90-97	beta-galactosidase	Staphylococcus xylosus	29-47
9621221-11	1998	The percentage of total solids recovery in uncreamed curd was higher for high SCC milk because the lactose content of the high SCC milk was 0.27% lower than that of the low SCC milk.	Lactose	99-106	SCC	Bos taurus	127-130
9621221-11	1998	The percentage of total solids recovery in uncreamed curd was higher for high SCC milk because the lactose content of the high SCC milk was 0.27% lower than that of the low SCC milk.	Lactose	99-106	SCC	Bos taurus	127-130
9621232-3	1998	The lactation curves for SCC and for percentages of protein, casein, fat, and total solids were related inversely to the lactation curves for milk yield and lactose percentage.	Lactose	157-164	SCC	Ovis aries	25-28
9564536-7	1998	Finally, we showed that the Lac/Tet dual-inducible system functions at translational and at functional levels in a stable cell line named 7-4-b, which contains the Ha-ras and bc1-2 inducible genes.	Lactose	28-31	charged multivesicular body protein 2A	Homo sapiens	175-180
9596414-5	1998	The elastin-dependent mitogenic response of astrocytoma cells is abolished by lactose and chondroitin sulfate, factors which cause shedding of this 67-kDa elastin receptor from the cell surface and by blocking anti-EBP antibody.	Lactose	78-85	elastin	Homo sapiens	4-11
9596414-5	1998	The elastin-dependent mitogenic response of astrocytoma cells is abolished by lactose and chondroitin sulfate, factors which cause shedding of this 67-kDa elastin receptor from the cell surface and by blocking anti-EBP antibody.	Lactose	78-85	elastin	Homo sapiens	155-162
9596414-5	1998	The elastin-dependent mitogenic response of astrocytoma cells is abolished by lactose and chondroitin sulfate, factors which cause shedding of this 67-kDa elastin receptor from the cell surface and by blocking anti-EBP antibody.	Lactose	78-85	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	215-218
9537992-7	1998	The proximity of the manganese and calcium binding region and the location of the functional site on one side of the charged surface of the alpha-lactalbumin molecule suggest that these binding sites might play a role in the formation of the lactose synthase complex.	Lactose	242-249	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	140-157
9521730-5	1998	Specifically, recombinant human galectin-3 was found to bind to galectin-3C (the carboxyl-terminal domain fragment) conjugated to Sepharose 4B and the binding was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	178-185	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	32-42
9725505-10	1998	Subjective ratings of the severity of abdominal cramping, belching, flatulence, vomiting and diarrhoea were significantly decreased following ingestion of the lactase pellets and lactose (no incidence of diarrhoea) compared with after ingestion of placebo and lactose.	Lactose	260-267	lactase	Homo sapiens	159-166
9528970-1	1998	We studied the effects of vitamin D deficiency and its correction by vitamin D or calcium-lactose supplementation on vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in skin keratinocytes, kidney, and duodenum of adult rats.	Lactose	90-97	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	117-135
9528970-5	1998	Treatment with vitamin D or calcium-lactose reestablished the VDR mRNA content of the epidermis, but not that of the kidneys, and only the calcium-lactose diet increased duodenal VDR mRNA.	Lactose	36-43	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
9528970-5	1998	Treatment with vitamin D or calcium-lactose reestablished the VDR mRNA content of the epidermis, but not that of the kidneys, and only the calcium-lactose diet increased duodenal VDR mRNA.	Lactose	147-154	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
9452308-4	1998	The carbohydrate recognition domain of microglia-derived galectin-3 was functional as the molecule could be affinity purified on lactose-agarose.	Lactose	129-136	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	57-67
9492012-4	1998	When the mice were fed a diet high in lactose, calcium, and phosphorus, intestinal calbindin-D9k mRNA levels in the homozygous mice were restored to those in their control littermates.	Lactose	38-45	S100 calcium binding protein G	Mus musculus	83-96
9492012-7	1998	These data also demonstrate that in the absence of a functional VDR, a high local concentration of calcium, phosphorus, and/or lactose in the intestinal lumen can normalize intestinal calbindin-D9k mRNA levels.	Lactose	127-134	S100 calcium binding protein G	Mus musculus	184-197
9781350-12	1998	Moreover, beta-lactose but not sucrose competed vigorously for 125I-Lf endocytosis by hepatocytes, indicating that Lf binds at or near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Lactose	10-22	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-179
9501199-7	1998	Furthermore, these effects are inhibited by lactose, an antagonist of the elastin-laminin receptor, and by cytochalasin D, an actin microfilament depolymerizer.	Lactose	44-51	elastin	Homo sapiens	74-81
9486661-7	1998	A likely candidate for mediating the elastin peptide-related effects is the elastin/laminin receptor, since the presence of lactose strongly inhibited the vasoactivity associated with these compounds.	Lactose	124-131	elastin	Homo sapiens	37-44
9486661-7	1998	A likely candidate for mediating the elastin peptide-related effects is the elastin/laminin receptor, since the presence of lactose strongly inhibited the vasoactivity associated with these compounds.	Lactose	124-131	elastin	Homo sapiens	76-83
18268675-4	1998	The proposed refractive-index detector was used successfully for detection of capillary electrophoresis separations of saccharose, maltose, and lactose with a capillary tube of 50-mum inner diameter and a simple experimental setup.	Lactose	144-151	latexin	Homo sapiens	180-183
9541617-1	1998	The Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (HN) from "La Piedad, Michoacan" porcine rubulavirus (LPMV) interacts specifically with NeuAc alpha 2,3 lactose residues on the target cell.	Lactose	136-143	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	18-31
9451014-3	1998	In this study, galectin-3 was isolated from ovine placental cotyledons round the middle of the gestation period by lactose extraction followed by affinity chromatography on lactosyl-agarose, and separated from galectin-1 by size exclusion chromatography on a Superose 12 column.	Lactose	115-122	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
9452308-5	1998	Upon an incubation with lactose-, but not with sucrose-containing buffers the amount of cell surface expressed galectin-3 was strongly reduced, suggesting that the molecule appears to be associated with the plasma membrane via its carbohydrate recognition domain.	Lactose	24-31	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	111-121
9481112-2	1998	The digestion and absorption of lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and also the main substrate for lactase, is often variable, a consequence of lactase levels, gastric emptying rate, and colonic salvage.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
9481112-2	1998	The digestion and absorption of lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk and also the main substrate for lactase, is often variable, a consequence of lactase levels, gastric emptying rate, and colonic salvage.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	149-156
9481112-3	1998	Although commercially available "lactase" products alleviate symptoms in many lactose-intolerant people, a greater understanding of this variability in lactose tolerance could lead to interventions that reduce the rate of gastric emptying and/or increase the proliferation of lactose-metabolizing bacteria in the colon, leading to more efficient lactose utilization.	Lactose	78-85	lactase	Homo sapiens	32-40
9398819-4	1997	There was a significantly greater reduction in lactose concentrations at pH 6.7 than that at either pH 6.2 or pH 5.7, accompanied by the highest beta-galactosidase activity and D-lactate production.	Lactose	47-54	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	145-163
9787410-9	1998	The aggregation inhibition effect could partially be blocked by preincubation of PRP with soluble Gal alpha 1-3Gal, Gal alpha 1-3 beta 1-4GlcNAc, lactose, galactose, and glucose, but not by lactosamine, galactosamine, or glucosamine.	Lactose	146-153	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	81-84
9444619-0	1997	Age and continuous lactose challenge modify lactase protein expression and enzyme activity in gut epithelium in the rat.	Lactose	19-26	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
9444619-2	1997	This study was to investigate changes in the lactase expression in the whole gastrointestinal tract during the development and the possibility that this and activity can be induced by lactose.	Lactose	184-191	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	45-52
9444619-9	1997	In the rat lactase protein expression decreased rapidly after weaning and expression and activity were induced by lactose-rich diet, most notably in the proximal jejunum.	Lactose	114-121	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	11-18
9413144-1	1997	The thermal stability of enzymes lactase and invertase in dried, amorphous matrices of sugars (trehalose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, raffinose) and some other selected systems (casein, PVP, milk) was studied.	Lactose	115-122	lactase	Homo sapiens	33-40
9371622-7	1997	In addition, transcriptional activation by NLacR-IE1 chimeras was allosterically regulated by the lactose analog, isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).	Lactose	98-105	early gene transactivator	Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus	49-52
9396569-6	1997	Our data provide evidence that the first reaction in the oxidative pathway of galactose metabolism described in rat liver in 1966 is activated in patients with a variety of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase gene mutations even while on a lactose-restricted diet.	Lactose	80-87	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	173-214
9467238-2	1997	In the gastrointestinal tract, lactose is hydrolysed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase (lactase) into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	31-38	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-85
9467238-2	1997	In the gastrointestinal tract, lactose is hydrolysed by the enzyme beta-galactosidase (lactase) into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	31-38	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-94
9414969-9	1997	In the lactose group, but not in the sucrose group, faecal beta-galactosidase activity increased, pH dropped, and breath H2 excretion decreased.	Lactose	7-14	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	59-77
9334175-12	1997	These results are discussed within the context of a C1/C2 alternating conformation model in which lactose translocation occurs by a conformational change at the interface between the two halves of the protein.	Lactose	98-105	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	52-57
9362066-6	1997	Furthermore, galectin-4 was released from microvillar, right-side-out vesicles as well as from mucosal explants by a brief wash with 100 mM lactose, confirming its extracellular localization.	Lactose	140-147	galectin 4	Sus scrofa	13-23
9361203-8	1997	The beta-galactosidase activity of all strains decreased rapidly once the fermented milk was stored at 4 degrees C. Strain JB10, originating in the stomach contents of the piglets, had properties that were useful for the manufacture of fermented milk products for lactose-intolerant humans.	Lactose	264-271	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
9440233-0	1997	Lactose synthesis in a monotreme, the echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus): isolation and amino acid sequence of echidna alpha-lactalbumin.	Lactose	0-7	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	117-134
9440233-2	1997	The alpha-lactalbumin modified the action of echidna milk galactosyltransferase to promote the synthesis of lactose but had very little effect on bovine galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	108-115	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	4-21
9440233-2	1997	The alpha-lactalbumin modified the action of echidna milk galactosyltransferase to promote the synthesis of lactose but had very little effect on bovine galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	108-115	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	58-79
9361203-9	1997	Milk fermented by this strain had a lactose concentration of about 4.0% and contained 6.6 x 10(6) cfu/ml after storage at 4 degrees C for 20 d. Strain JB10 produced a beta-galactosidase that was active at pH 5.5 (35% of the activity at pH 7.0) and was not inhibited by the presence of bile acids in the culture medium.	Lactose	36-43	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	167-185
9286159-9	1997	The relative inhibition of beta-Gal by lactose, p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid, and PETG was determined by varying the inhibitor concentration with constant enzyme and substrate concentration.	Lactose	39-46	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	27-35
9316617-5	1997	In the mammary gland, lovastatin at 0.1 micron inhibited the PRL stimulation of lipid and lactose synthesis; at 2 microns, lovastatin abolished the PRL stimulation of casein production.	Lactose	90-97	prolactin	Mus musculus	61-64
9332457-6	1997	Rapamycin (25-100 ng/ml) impeded, in a dose-dependent fashion, the PRL stimulation of casein, lipid and lactose synthesis in concert with its inhibition of cytoplasmic S6 kinase activity.	Lactose	104-111	prolactin	Mus musculus	67-70
29512538-4	1997	Carbohydrade binding specificity studies showed that on molar basis MBP was feebly inhibited by lactose and strongly inhibited by heparin.	Lactose	96-103	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
9360469-8	1997	In conclusion, lactose and total sugar intakes affected the degree of hyperglycaemia and modified hyperinsulinemia at a given age, but the age-dependent rise of insulin concentrations could not be explained by hyperglycaemia alone.	Lactose	15-22	insulin	Bos taurus	103-110
9277591-3	1997	The expression of the bcl-2 gene could therefore be repressed to basal level by binding of lac repressor to the lac operator sequence in proximity to this SV40 regulatory region and be specifically activated by administration of the lactose analog isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG).	Lactose	91-94	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	22-27
9277591-3	1997	The expression of the bcl-2 gene could therefore be repressed to basal level by binding of lac repressor to the lac operator sequence in proximity to this SV40 regulatory region and be specifically activated by administration of the lactose analog isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG).	Lactose	233-240	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Canis lupus familiaris	22-27
9204884-8	1997	In addition, molar excess of beta-lactose but not sucrose competitively blocked the binding of 125I-Lf to cells, indicating that Lf bound at or very near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Lactose	29-41	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	100-102
9204884-8	1997	In addition, molar excess of beta-lactose but not sucrose competitively blocked the binding of 125I-Lf to cells, indicating that Lf bound at or very near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Lactose	29-41	lactotransferrin	Rattus norvegicus	129-131
9204884-8	1997	In addition, molar excess of beta-lactose but not sucrose competitively blocked the binding of 125I-Lf to cells, indicating that Lf bound at or very near the carbohydrate-recognition domain of RHL-1.	Lactose	29-41	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-198
9249575-6	1997	All indicators of mammary tight junction patency increased (P < 0.05) transiently during once-daily milking and indicated that tight junctions opened after approximately 18 h. Plasma alpha-lactalbumin and lactose were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < 0.001), indicating the suitability of plasma alpha-lactalbumin as an indicator of tight junction status in vivo.	Lactose	208-215	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	302-319
9269644-15	1997	Il-6 release: Amino/Bic, 33.0 +/- 6.6%; Glu/Bic, 65.5 +/- 10.3%; Glu/Lac, 1.5 +/- 0.7% referred to RPMI).	Lactose	69-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
9240451-1	1997	Lactose reacts nonenzymatically with beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG), the major whey protein, under mild heat treatment and the formation of the complex may be monitored by mass spectrometry.	Lactose	0-7	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	37-55
9240451-1	1997	Lactose reacts nonenzymatically with beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG), the major whey protein, under mild heat treatment and the formation of the complex may be monitored by mass spectrometry.	Lactose	0-7	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	57-64
9240451-3	1997	Identification of lactosylated sites by trypsinolysis and Tandem MS indicate that, although the glycosylation reaction was non-specific and potentially involved all the reactive sites (alpha- and epsilon-amino groups), beta-LG appeared to have at least two populations of lysine with the distinct ability to react with lactose.	Lactose	319-326	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	219-226
9240451-4	1997	These results underline the structural heterogeneity of beta-LG glycoforms, with respect to the number of lactose linked per molecule and to the binding sites involved, which could affect the biological function of beta-LG.	Lactose	106-113	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	56-63
9240451-4	1997	These results underline the structural heterogeneity of beta-LG glycoforms, with respect to the number of lactose linked per molecule and to the binding sites involved, which could affect the biological function of beta-LG.	Lactose	106-113	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	215-222
9241590-9	1997	The consistent concentration of lactose combined with the minimal increase in total yield of BSA in milk following atropine treatment indicated that the increased concentration in milk of proteins derived from serum was due to the concentrating effect of lower milk volume.	Lactose	32-39	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	180-184
9241590-9	1997	The consistent concentration of lactose combined with the minimal increase in total yield of BSA in milk following atropine treatment indicated that the increased concentration in milk of proteins derived from serum was due to the concentrating effect of lower milk volume.	Lactose	32-39	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	180-184
9210297-2	1997	The oligosaccharides were shown to be lactose-based structures two of which were substituted at C-6 of Gal with either the Le(x) trisaccharide, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]GlcNAc(beta 1-, or Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-.	Lactose	38-45	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	148-156
9241534-4	1997	FACS analysis demonstrated that incubation of freshly isolated BMC with lactose, a competing ligand for galectin-3 binding to glycoconjugates, decreased binding of antigalectin antibodies to cells primarily expressing the myeloid antigen recognized by mAb His-54.	Lactose	72-79	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	104-114
9210297-2	1997	The oligosaccharides were shown to be lactose-based structures two of which were substituted at C-6 of Gal with either the Le(x) trisaccharide, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]GlcNAc(beta 1-, or Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-.	Lactose	38-45	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	162-171
9210297-5	1997	This is a linear fragment of the disialylated tetrasaccharide sequence Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3)[Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)]GlcNAc(beta 1-found in the milk oligosaccharide disialyl LNT (the GlcNAc residue of the tetrasaccharide linked to lactose) and also of N-linked chains (GlcNAc linked to Man).	Lactose	234-241	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	92-98
9210297-2	1997	The oligosaccharides were shown to be lactose-based structures two of which were substituted at C-6 of Gal with either the Le(x) trisaccharide, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]GlcNAc(beta 1-, or Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-.	Lactose	38-45	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	148-154
9210297-5	1997	This is a linear fragment of the disialylated tetrasaccharide sequence Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3)[Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)]GlcNAc(beta 1-found in the milk oligosaccharide disialyl LNT (the GlcNAc residue of the tetrasaccharide linked to lactose) and also of N-linked chains (GlcNAc linked to Man).	Lactose	234-241	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	109-118
9210297-5	1997	This is a linear fragment of the disialylated tetrasaccharide sequence Neu5Ac(alpha 2-3)Gal(beta 1-3)[Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)]GlcNAc(beta 1-found in the milk oligosaccharide disialyl LNT (the GlcNAc residue of the tetrasaccharide linked to lactose) and also of N-linked chains (GlcNAc linked to Man).	Lactose	234-241	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	127-133
9210297-2	1997	The oligosaccharides were shown to be lactose-based structures two of which were substituted at C-6 of Gal with either the Le(x) trisaccharide, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]GlcNAc(beta 1-, or Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-.	Lactose	38-45	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	199-208
9210297-2	1997	The oligosaccharides were shown to be lactose-based structures two of which were substituted at C-6 of Gal with either the Le(x) trisaccharide, Gal(beta 1-4)[Fuc(alpha 1-3)]GlcNAc(beta 1-, or Neu5Ac(alpha 2-6)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-.	Lactose	38-45	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	180-186
9099359-1	1997	Occupational sensitization to lactase is reported in workers formulating and packaging this consumer product, which is used for the relief of gastrointestinal symptoms caused by intolerance to lactose.	Lactose	193-200	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
9153289-7	1997	Fusion proteins were generated, which retained lactose-binding activity like the endogenous galectin-9.	Lactose	47-54	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	92-102
9147041-3	1997	The shift in the monomer-dimer equilibrium towards the monomeric form at acidic pH (pH 4) is inhibited by lactose, as shown by size-exclusion chromatography.	Lactose	106-113	prolyl 4-hydroxylase, transmembrane	Homo sapiens	84-88
9194712-11	1997	These results, combined with the fact that both the cAMP and the CRP levels are lowered by glucose 6-phosphate, lactose and gluconate, lead to the conclusion that the decreased cAMP and CRP levels are the cause of catabolite repression by these non-PTS carbon sources.	Lactose	112-119	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	65-68
9111074-2	1997	Hexose oxidase from Chondrus crispus catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of mono- and disaccharides including D-glucose, D-galactose, maltose, and lactose.	Lactose	126-133	CHC_T00009130001	Chondrus crispus	0-14
9108312-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62), a major glycoprotein of the microvillus membrane of human small intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes), is vital for the digestion of lactose during early infancy.	Lactose	189-196	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
9108312-1	1997	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62), a major glycoprotein of the microvillus membrane of human small intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes), is vital for the digestion of lactose during early infancy.	Lactose	189-196	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
9147351-9	1997	Significant differences were found in serum levels of insulin, glucose, and triglycerides, which were lower in malabsorbers than lactose absorbers, and in HDL-cholesterol levels which were higher in the first group than in the second.	Lactose	129-136	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
9152959-6	1997	Finally, using lactose and laminin as inhibitors, we have demonstrated that elastin peptide-induced vasodilation on 4M and 12M rings is mediated by the 67 kDa subunit of the elastin-laminin receptor.	Lactose	15-22	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
9152959-6	1997	Finally, using lactose and laminin as inhibitors, we have demonstrated that elastin peptide-induced vasodilation on 4M and 12M rings is mediated by the 67 kDa subunit of the elastin-laminin receptor.	Lactose	15-22	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	174-181
9138169-1	1997	BACKGROUND: The ability of breast-feeding infants to utilize lactose, the major carbohydrate in breast-milk, is dependent on the presence of the enzyme lactase (E.C.3.2.1.108).	Lactose	61-68	lactase	Homo sapiens	152-159
9104037-8	1997	Parameter sensitivity analysis indicates the importance of key parameters to lac operon expression and cell growth: the lactose and allolactose transformation rates by beta-galactosidase and the glucose concentrations that affect catabolite repression and inducer exclusion.	Lactose	120-127	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	168-186
9045812-8	1997	In addition, the results suggest that during lactose selection, both Lac+ and Tetr mutations are created or preserved by the same recombination-dependent mechanism.	Lactose	45-52	tetracycline resistance repressor protein TetR	Escherichia coli	78-82
9009129-7	1997	Lactose digestion was explained best by lactase specific activity (formula, R2 = 0.73, SEE = 1.1; solution, R2 = 0.69, SEE = 1.0; P < 0.001).	Lactose	0-7	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	40-47
9083619-4	1997	METHODS: LDH-C4 from testes of LACA mice was chemically modified by interacting it with gossypol (gossy-LDH-C4) and glucosylation with lactose (Glu-LDH-C4) in vitro and evaluated for immune responses and induced immunological infertility in allogeneic Balb/c mice after inoculation through intrarectal route using A1(OH)3 as adjuvant.	Lactose	135-142	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	9-15
9113667-2	1997	LS 21 produced the highest concentration of alpha- and beta-galactosidase with 0.28 mumol/l and 0.28 mumol/l respectively on lactose and galactose.	Lactose	125-132	alpha galactosidase	Glycine max	44-73
9009129-9	1997	The relationship with lactase specific activity was age related and there appeared to be a critical value of lactase specific activity above which essentially all the lactose was digested.	Lactose	167-174	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	22-29
9009129-9	1997	The relationship with lactase specific activity was age related and there appeared to be a critical value of lactase specific activity above which essentially all the lactose was digested.	Lactose	167-174	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	109-116
9023547-0	1996	Comparative cross-linking activities of lactose-specific plant and animal lectins and a natural lactose-binding immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum with asialofetuin.	Lactose	40-47	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Bos taurus	160-172
9059813-4	1997	We have used the well-characterized interaction of the E. coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP) with lactose promoter DNA to test these proposals.	Lactose	102-109	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	63-90
9059813-4	1997	We have used the well-characterized interaction of the E. coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP) with lactose promoter DNA to test these proposals.	Lactose	102-109	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	92-95
9030247-2	1997	A murine NIH/3T3-derived cell line, designated 2-12, contains an inducible Ha-ras oncogene, which is regulated by the Escherichia coli (E. coli) lac operator/repressor system, and displays a transformed phenotype after isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside induction.	Lactose	145-148	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	75-81
9041521-4	1997	Resialylation of gp35/50, by incubation of parasites with T. cruzi trans-sialidase and sialyl lactose, restored the reactivity with mAb 3C9 as well as the affinity for sialic acid specific lectin.	Lactose	94-101	tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2	Homo sapiens	17-24
9023547-0	1996	Comparative cross-linking activities of lactose-specific plant and animal lectins and a natural lactose-binding immunoglobulin G fraction from human serum with asialofetuin.	Lactose	96-103	alpha 2-HS glycoprotein	Bos taurus	160-172
9122542-3	1996	Milk contains the sugar, lactose, which requires the enzyme, intestinal lactase, to digest.	Lactose	25-32	lactase	Homo sapiens	72-79
8955387-7	1996	The amino acid sequence of the glp repressor was similar to several repressors of carbohydrate catabolic systems, including those of the glucitol (GutR), fucose (FucR), and deoxyribonucleoside (DeoR) systems of E. coli, as well as those of the lactose (LacR) and inositol (IolR) systems of gram-positive bacteria and agrocinopine (AccR) system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens.	Lactose	244-251	repressor	Escherichia coli	35-44
8970971-2	1996	Because of the cytotoxic activity of NS1, human hematopoietic cell lines, K562, Raji, and THP-1, were established as transfectants which produce the viral NS1 protein upon induction by using bacterial lactose repressor/operator system.	Lactose	201-208	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	155-158
8813123-3	1996	Galectin-3 bound to purified native and desialylated colon cancer mucin in a concentration-dependent manner, which was completely inhibited by 0.1 M lactose, the competitive inhibitory sugar for this protein.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
8905005-6	1996	RAST inhibition experiments demonstrated the presence of alpha-lactalbumin in "food-quality" lactose used in this flour, at a dose of 1-5 micrograms/g of CFP.	Lactose	93-100	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	57-74
8905005-6	1996	RAST inhibition experiments demonstrated the presence of alpha-lactalbumin in "food-quality" lactose used in this flour, at a dose of 1-5 micrograms/g of CFP.	Lactose	93-100	complement factor properdin	Bos taurus	154-157
8813152-5	1996	Mac-2-binding protein also induced homotypic cell aggregation, which was inhibited by lactose or Fab" fragments of an anti-galectin-3 antibody.	Lactose	86-93	galectin 3 binding protein	Homo sapiens	0-21
8813123-3	1996	Galectin-3 bound to purified native and desialylated colon cancer mucin in a concentration-dependent manner, which was completely inhibited by 0.1 M lactose, the competitive inhibitory sugar for this protein.	Lactose	149-156	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	66-71
8813152-5	1996	Mac-2-binding protein also induced homotypic cell aggregation, which was inhibited by lactose or Fab" fragments of an anti-galectin-3 antibody.	Lactose	86-93	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	123-133
9133663-5	1996	We found that the levels of cAMP and CRP in a lactose-grown phase were not higher than those in a glucose-grown phase, although the cAMP levels increased transiently during the lag phase.	Lactose	46-53	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	37-40
8692888-9	1996	We further demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts with Bc1-2 in a lactose-inhibitable manner.	Lactose	66-73	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	29-39
8672536-6	1996	At lower concentrations, recombinant galectin-1 is mitogenic, this activity being susceptible to inhibition by lactose, and thus attributable to the beta-galactoside-binding ability of the protein.	Lactose	111-118	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	37-47
8712525-9	1996	In calves with diarrhea, there was a larger increase of plasma glucose concentration (P = 0.12) and a smaller increase of plasma insulin concentration (P = 0.04) above baseline values after lactose ingestion.	Lactose	190-197	insulin	Bos taurus	129-136
8830679-1	1996	A gene for high-affinity glucose transport, HGT1, has been isolated from the lactose-assimilating yeast Kluyveromyces lactis.	Lactose	77-84	oligopeptide transporter OPT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	44-48
8816760-4	1996	It was found that, under conditions where beta 4-GalT forms the lactose synthase complex with alpha-LA, the snail beta 4-GalNAcT was induced by this protein to act on Glc with a > 100-fold increased efficiency, resulting in the formation of the lactose analog GalNAc beta 1-->4Glc.	Lactose	64-71	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	94-102
8816760-4	1996	It was found that, under conditions where beta 4-GalT forms the lactose synthase complex with alpha-LA, the snail beta 4-GalNAcT was induced by this protein to act on Glc with a > 100-fold increased efficiency, resulting in the formation of the lactose analog GalNAc beta 1-->4Glc.	Lactose	64-71	chondroitin sulfate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	114-128
8694025-2	1996	The initial study with nine lactose maldigesters showed a threefold increase in fecal beta-galactosidase activity after 16 d of lactose feeding.	Lactose	28-35	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-104
8694025-2	1996	The initial study with nine lactose maldigesters showed a threefold increase in fecal beta-galactosidase activity after 16 d of lactose feeding.	Lactose	128-135	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-104
8692888-9	1996	We further demonstrated that galectin-3 interacts with Bc1-2 in a lactose-inhibitable manner.	Lactose	66-73	charged multivesicular body protein 2A	Homo sapiens	55-60
8805552-0	1996	Crystal structures of guinea-pig, goat and bovine alpha-lactalbumin highlight the enhanced conformational flexibility of regions that are significant for its action in lactose synthase.	Lactose	168-175	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	50-67
8805552-1	1996	BACKGROUND: The regulation of milk lactose biosynthesis is highly dependent on the action of a specifier protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA).	Lactose	35-42	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	114-131
8805552-1	1996	BACKGROUND: The regulation of milk lactose biosynthesis is highly dependent on the action of a specifier protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA).	Lactose	35-42	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	133-135
8805552-3	1996	LA promotes the binding of glucose to the complex and facilitates the biosynthesis of lactose.	Lactose	86-93	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	0-2
8613476-2	1996	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), an enterocyte-specific disaccharidase crucial for the digestion of lactose in milk, reveals a characteristic horizontal pattern of expression at birth.	Lactose	102-109	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
8613476-2	1996	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), an enterocyte-specific disaccharidase crucial for the digestion of lactose in milk, reveals a characteristic horizontal pattern of expression at birth.	Lactose	102-109	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
16727804-3	1996	Significantly (P < 0.01) higher intracellular activity of acrosin was recorded in semen samples extended with lactose than with the other extenders, with the maximum being with Tris yolk glycerol lactose (TYGL(180)).	Lactose	113-120	acrosin	Homo sapiens	61-68
8617793-3	1996	In mammals, beta4-GT has been recruited for a second biosynthetic function, the production of lactose which occurs exclusively in the lactating mammary gland.	Lactose	94-101	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	12-20
8617793-11	1996	These data experimentally support our conclusion that the 3.9-kb start site has been introduced into the mammalian beta4-GT gene to accommodate the recruited role of beta4-GT in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	178-185	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	115-123
8617793-11	1996	These data experimentally support our conclusion that the 3.9-kb start site has been introduced into the mammalian beta4-GT gene to accommodate the recruited role of beta4-GT in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	178-185	UDP-Gal:betaGlcNAc beta 1,4- galactosyltransferase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	166-174
8655633-6	1996	However, the observation that lactose increased the release of 67LR suggests that a lectin-type interaction is involved in the cell membrane association of this laminin binding protein and the cell surface.	Lactose	30-37	ribosomal protein SA	Homo sapiens	63-67
8655633-6	1996	However, the observation that lactose increased the release of 67LR suggests that a lectin-type interaction is involved in the cell membrane association of this laminin binding protein and the cell surface.	Lactose	30-37	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	161-184
8747464-5	1995	The overall structural fold of CLC protein is highly similar to that of galectins -1 and -2, members of an animal lectin family formerly classified as S-type or S-Lac (soluble lactose-binding) lectins.	Lactose	176-183	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	31-34
18623554-1	1996	Lactose metabolism of a Leuconostoc mesenteroides strain was studied in batch cultures at a pH of 6.5 and 30 degrees C in 10 L of a modified MRS (De Man, Rogosa, Sharp) broth.	Lactose	0-7	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	162-167
8649192-2	1996	We show here that enzymatically active recombinant CLC binds to a lactose-conjugated agarose resin, and that binding is inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by both lactose (IC50 = 41 mM) and fucose (IC50 = 380 mM), but not by arabinose.	Lactose	66-73	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	51-54
8649192-2	1996	We show here that enzymatically active recombinant CLC binds to a lactose-conjugated agarose resin, and that binding is inhibited in a dose dependent fashion by both lactose (IC50 = 41 mM) and fucose (IC50 = 380 mM), but not by arabinose.	Lactose	166-173	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	51-54
8747464-5	1995	The overall structural fold of CLC protein is highly similar to that of galectins -1 and -2, members of an animal lectin family formerly classified as S-type or S-Lac (soluble lactose-binding) lectins.	Lactose	176-183	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	72-91
7557090-1	1995	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an intestinal microvillus membrane glycoprotein that hydrolyzes lactose and phlorizin.	Lactose	124-131	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	23-50
8526926-6	1995	Lactose, which inhibits galectin-3 binding to glycoconjugates, failed to inhibit either galectin-3-ssDNA or galectin-3-RNA binding.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	24-34
7578028-8	1995	By incorporating sulfate esters on the analogous positions of the disaccharide lactose, we generated a simple small molecule (lactose 6",6-disulfate) with greater inhibitory potency for L-selectin than sialyl Lewis x.	Lactose	79-86	selectin L	Homo sapiens	186-196
7573347-8	1995	The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	374-381	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	13-23
7573347-8	1995	The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	374-381	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	133-143
7573347-8	1995	The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	374-381	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	133-143
7573347-8	1995	The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose.	Lactose	374-381	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	133-143
7498473-1	1995	Lac repressor"s DNA-binding domains contain helix-turn-helix motif which, though similar to those of phage lambda Cro protein, are oriented differently with respect to DNA: in the specific complexes with Lac operator, N termini of the repressor"s subunits are facing inwards.	Lactose	0-3	cro	Escherichia virus Lambda	114-117
7557090-1	1995	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an intestinal microvillus membrane glycoprotein that hydrolyzes lactose and phlorizin.	Lactose	124-131	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
7649081-12	1995	In the epi/metaphysis, an approximately 2-fold increase in PTH/PTHrp receptor mRNA was also observed in the D-D- rats compared to the controls; this increase was partially corrected upon normalization of the calcemia and PTH levels with either vitamin D (D-D+ group) or lactose/calcium (D-Ca+ group).	Lactose	270-277	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
7474508-8	1995	The binding of IgA1 to THP-1 was partially, but definitely inhibited by adding 100 mM melibiose (19.6 +/- 7.7%) and galactose (13.1 +/- 2.9%), but not glucose (2.9 +/- 2.2%), lactose (4.7 +/- 4.7%) and mannose (3.3 +/- 3.3%).	Lactose	118-125	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
7474508-8	1995	The binding of IgA1 to THP-1 was partially, but definitely inhibited by adding 100 mM melibiose (19.6 +/- 7.7%) and galactose (13.1 +/- 2.9%), but not glucose (2.9 +/- 2.2%), lactose (4.7 +/- 4.7%) and mannose (3.3 +/- 3.3%).	Lactose	118-125	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
7649081-12	1995	In the epi/metaphysis, an approximately 2-fold increase in PTH/PTHrp receptor mRNA was also observed in the D-D- rats compared to the controls; this increase was partially corrected upon normalization of the calcemia and PTH levels with either vitamin D (D-D+ group) or lactose/calcium (D-Ca+ group).	Lactose	270-277	parathyroid hormone-like hormone	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
8529130-5	1995	RESULTS: Among the members of this family (galectin-1 through 4), recombinant rat galectin-3 was found to exhibit high-affinity 125I-AGE-BSA binding with saturable kinetics (kD 3.5 x 10(7) M-1) that was fully blocked by excess unlabeled naturally formed AGE-BSA or synthetic FFI-BSA, but only weakly inhibited by several known galectin-3 ligands, such as lactose.	Lactose	355-362	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
8786251-1	1995	Dairy products containing live bacteria that possess lactase activity are used for dietary management of lactose maldigestion.	Lactose	105-112	lactase	Homo sapiens	53-60
8585013-2	1995	The binding of 125I-HMW-scu-PA at 4 degrees C was calcium-dependent and of high affinity (Kd = 37.6 nM) and could be inhibited by low molecular weight two-chain u-PA (LMW-tcu-PA) and lactose, but not by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)-associated 39-kDa protein (RAP), rscu-PA or a mutant form lacking amino acids 11-135 (Delta 125-rscu-PA).	Lactose	183-190	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
8572296-8	1995	Production of lactose was equivalent to that of UDP, when alpha-LA was the modifying protein.	Lactose	14-21	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	58-66
8533890-3	1995	The hydrolysis of dinucleotides with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A) and the substrate-specific hydrolysis of lactose with beta-galactosidase can be monitored using ion-spray (pneumatically assisted electrospray) mass spectrometry as a sensitive and specific detector for the native substrates.	Lactose	121-128	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	134-152
7648581-1	1995	Milk lactose is hydrolysed to D-galactose and D-glucose in the small intestine of mammals by the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase complex (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62).	Lactose	5-12	lactase	Homo sapiens	97-104
7626235-0	1995	The pro-region of human intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase is enzymatically inactive towards lactose.	Lactose	97-104	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-62
7638571-5	1995	RESULTS: The activity of lactase, sucrase, and maltase, and uptake of (U-14C)-D-glucose was decreased in all three parts of small intestine, and the lactose tolerance test result was also abnormal in the protein energy-malnourished group.	Lactose	149-156	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
7539053-3	1995	Binding of galectin-3 to the different glycoproteins tested was carbohydrate dependent and could be specifically inhibited by the addition of lactose and, to a lesser extent, galactose.	Lactose	142-149	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	11-21
7472674-6	1995	Administration of Intralipid with lactose, glucose, fructose and sucrose induced a rapid elevation of mRNA together with elevation of serum apo A-IV, although administration of casein, whey proteins and soybean proteins resulted in repression of the Intralipid-dependent mRNA elevation.	Lactose	34-41	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	140-148
7755570-1	1995	The thermodynamics of the binding of derivatives of galactose and lactose to a 14 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin (L-14) from sheep spleen has been studied in 10 nM phosphate/150 mM NaCl/10 mM beta-mercaptoethanol buffer, pH 7.4, and in the temperature range 285-300 K using titration calorimetry.	Lactose	54-61	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17	Homo sapiens	119-123
7755570-6	1995	Observation of enthalpy-entropy compensation for the recognition of saccharides such as lactose by L-14 and the absence of it for monosaccharides such as galactose, together with the lack of appreciable changes in the heat capacity (delta Cp), indicate that reorganization of water plays an important role in these reactions.	Lactose	88-95	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17	Homo sapiens	99-103
7601970-5	1995	Following weaning, the rapid increase in the concentrations of glucose 6-phosphate and UDPgalactose suggested that the rate of lactose synthesis was regulated by the inhibition of hexokinase and/or lactose synthase, while the decrease in glucose and AMP indicated a subsequent decline in glucose and ATP utilization.	Lactose	92-99	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	180-190
7534301-4	1995	The protein encoded by the galectin-7 clone comigrated with IEF 17 as determined by two-dimensional (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) analysis of proteins expressed by transiently transfected COS-1 cells, and bound lactose.	Lactose	219-226	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	27-37
7708733-3	1995	This provides definitive evidence that alpha-lac is required for lactose synthesis and that lactose is important for milk production.	Lactose	65-72	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	39-48
7534477-4	1995	The second enzyme, a cloned alpha-2,3-ST specific for lactose-based structure, was 70, 102, and 108% active (Km: 0.500, 0.210, and 0.330 mM), respectively, toward 6-sialyl, 6-sulfo, or 6-O-methyl derivatives of the Gal beta 1,3GlcNAc beta- unit; C-3 and C-6 substitution on Gal abolished sialylation.	Lactose	54-61	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	219-225
7534477-4	1995	The second enzyme, a cloned alpha-2,3-ST specific for lactose-based structure, was 70, 102, and 108% active (Km: 0.500, 0.210, and 0.330 mM), respectively, toward 6-sialyl, 6-sulfo, or 6-O-methyl derivatives of the Gal beta 1,3GlcNAc beta- unit; C-3 and C-6 substitution on Gal abolished sialylation.	Lactose	54-61	complement C6	Homo sapiens	254-257
7734657-8	1995	Moreover, this relaxant effect of elastin peptides was decreased or inhibited when aortic rings were treated with lactose (10(-5) to 10(-2) M) or laminin (10(-6) to 10(-4) mg/ml) whereas lactose or laminin was unable to inhibit acetylcholine-induced vasodilation.	Lactose	114-121	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	34-41
7869048-5	1995	T lymphoblastoid cells and thymocytes bound recombinant galectin-1, as demonstrated by flow cytometric analysis, and lectin binding was completely inhibited in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	176-183	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	56-66
7890631-8	1995	Quantitation of the surface-localized galectin-1 was achieved by metabolically radiolabeling cells with [35S]Met/Cys and measuring the amount of lectin (i) sensitive to trypsin, (ii) accessible to biotinylating reagents, and (iii) accessible to the haptenic disaccharide lactose.	Lactose	271-278	galectin-1	Cricetulus griseus	38-48
7780201-9	1995	This adhesive effect of galectin-1 was inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	52-59	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	24-34
7734657-8	1995	Moreover, this relaxant effect of elastin peptides was decreased or inhibited when aortic rings were treated with lactose (10(-5) to 10(-2) M) or laminin (10(-6) to 10(-4) mg/ml) whereas lactose or laminin was unable to inhibit acetylcholine-induced vasodilation.	Lactose	187-194	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	34-41
7734657-9	1995	These findings suggest that the inhibitory effects of lactose and laminin are specific for elastin peptide receptors and are in agreement with previous studies on these receptors.	Lactose	54-61	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	91-98
7798945-2	1995	The main and earliest formed 3H-metabolites of [Sph-3H]GM1 were GM2, asialo-GM1 asialo-GM2, and lactose-ceramide, and those of [Sph-3H]GM2 were asialo-GM2 and lactose-ceramide.	Lactose	96-103	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	55-58
8882744-2	1995	The somatic cell count (SCC) correlated negatively with milk yield and lactose whilst positively with milk protein and milk fat, except for Pleven F1 ewes which showed these correlations with reversed values.	Lactose	71-78	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
7767654-2	1995	The enzyme lactase, which is responsible for the digestion of dietary lactose, is present in the intestine of some adults but not others.	Lactose	70-77	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
7862663-1	1995	Galectin-3 (M(r) approximately 35,000) is a galactose/lactose-specific lectin found in association with ribonucleoprotein complexes in many animal cells.	Lactose	46-53	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	0-10
7862663-4	1995	Nuclear extracts depleted of galectin-3 by affinity adsorption on a lactose-agarose column were deficient in splicing activity.	Lactose	68-75	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	29-39
7824935-0	1995	Measurement of lactose repressor-mediated loop formation and breakdown in single DNA molecules.	Lactose	15-22	repressor	Escherichia coli	23-32
7824935-2	1995	This problem was circumvented by detecting DNA looping by the lactose repressor protein of Escherichia coli in single DNA molecules.	Lactose	62-69	repressor	Escherichia coli	70-79
7625288-2	1995	Milk yield followed a characteristic decreasing pattern in negative correlations with solid components (milk protein, lactose, total solids, milk fat).	Lactose	118-125	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
7798945-2	1995	The main and earliest formed 3H-metabolites of [Sph-3H]GM1 were GM2, asialo-GM1 asialo-GM2, and lactose-ceramide, and those of [Sph-3H]GM2 were asialo-GM2 and lactose-ceramide.	Lactose	159-166	coenzyme Q10A	Mus musculus	55-58
8002251-1	1994	PURPOSE: To examine by indirect immunofluorescence the distribution of an endogenous 16-kd S-lac lectin (soluble lactose binding lectin) during development of the chicken retina.	Lactose	113-120	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	97-103
8002251-1	1994	PURPOSE: To examine by indirect immunofluorescence the distribution of an endogenous 16-kd S-lac lectin (soluble lactose binding lectin) during development of the chicken retina.	Lactose	113-120	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	129-135
7699133-0	1994	Factors affecting the ability of a high beta-galactosidase yogurt to enhance lactose absorption.	Lactose	77-84	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-58
7538868-2	1994	The synthesis of the pentasaccharide 2 was achieved through a beta-stereoselective coupling of an alpha-trichloroacetimidate activated form of the N-acetamido protected trisaccharide 18 on to a 3",4"-unprotected lactose derivative.	Lactose	212-219	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	60-66
7699133-1	1994	Lactose in yogurt is better absorbed by lactase-deficient subjects than is an equivalent quantity of lactose in milk, presumably because of the microbial activity of the beta-galactosidase present in yogurt.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	170-188
7699133-2	1994	In this study, we describe a process that increases the beta-galactosidase of yogurt 5- to 6-fold and the ability of this high lactase yogurt to enhance lactose absorption in lactase-deficient subjects.	Lactose	153-160	lactase	Homo sapiens	127-134
7699133-4	1994	Breath hydrogen was reduced 39% following ingestion of high lactase yogurt from that after consumption of conventional yogurt, indicating that the high lactase yogurt enhanced lactose absorption.	Lactose	176-183	lactase	Homo sapiens	152-159
7699135-4	1994	Changes in the activity of plasminogen and plasmin in milk were positively correlated with increases in the concentrations of milk BSA and plasma lactose, both of which are indicators of disruption of tight junctions between mammary epithelial cells, indicating that paracellular leakage may have contributed to increased protease activity in milk during less frequent milking.	Lactose	146-153	plasminogen	Bos taurus	27-34
7954433-13	1994	Affinity chromatography of [3H]glucosamine-labeled KM12 cell extracts on immobilized galectin-1 followed by immunoprecipitation from the lactose-eluted material demonstrated that lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein-1, carcinoembryonic antigen, and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen are the major galectin-1-binding proteins in these cells.	Lactose	137-144	lysosomal associated membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	179-222
8162600-3	1994	To better understand the relationship between expression of an oncogene and genetic instability, we have studied a cell line expressing an activated human Ha-ras under the control of bacterial lactose operon regulatory elements for changes in methotrexate resistance and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene amplification following mutant Ha-ras induction.	Lactose	193-200	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	155-161
16349415-1	1994	A color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced beta-glucosidase activity when grown in liquid culture on a variety of carbon sources, such as cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, xylitol, xylan, cellulose, starch, and pullulan.	Lactose	200-207	beta-glucosidase	Zea mays	74-90
7820203-1	1994	The term lactase deficiency is widely used to indicate a low or absent level of lactase enzyme in the small intestine, leading to lactose intolerance.	Lactose	130-137	lactase	Homo sapiens	9-16
7945222-1	1994	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is expressed on the intestinal brush border and is responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the chief sugar in mammalian milk.	Lactose	119-126	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
7945222-1	1994	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is expressed on the intestinal brush border and is responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the chief sugar in mammalian milk.	Lactose	119-126	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
7882162-3	1994	The inhibition of this effect by laminin and lactose is in favor of the mediation of this action of elastin peptides by the 67 kDa subunit of the elastin-laminin receptor which possesses a lectin site.	Lactose	45-52	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	146-153
7952023-0	1994	Production and simple purification of a protein encoded by part of the gag gene of HIV-1 in the Escherichia coli HB101F+ expression system inducible by lactose and isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside.	Lactose	152-159	Pr55(Gag)	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	71-74
7914857-3	1994	Serum insulin concentrations increased after whole or skimmed milk or lactose solution was fed but were unchanged after the cream meal.	Lactose	70-77	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	6-13
18618835-0	1994	Ion exchange immobilization of changed beta-galactosidase fusions for lactose hydrolysis.	Lactose	70-77	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	39-57
8000898-1	1994	Stabilizing effect of several commonly used cryoprotectants, namely lactose, sucrose, and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), on recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin (rAAT) were studied.	Lactose	68-75	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	134-153
8000898-1	1994	Stabilizing effect of several commonly used cryoprotectants, namely lactose, sucrose, and polyvinyl-pyrrolidone (PVP), on recombinant alpha 1-antitrypsin (rAAT) were studied.	Lactose	68-75	serpin family A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
8020591-0	1994	Evidence that lactose binding to CBP35 disrupts its interaction with CBP70 in isolated HL60 cell nuclei.	Lactose	14-21	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	33-38
8020591-2	1994	Moreover, we have demonstrated that, during affinity chromatography, the CBP70-CBP35 association can be modified by the binding of lactose to CBP35.	Lactose	131-138	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	79-84
8020591-2	1994	Moreover, we have demonstrated that, during affinity chromatography, the CBP70-CBP35 association can be modified by the binding of lactose to CBP35.	Lactose	131-138	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	142-147
8020591-5	1994	Taken together, the results of indirect immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting experiments, and quantitative flow-cytofluorometric analysis show that (i) CBP70 and CBP35 are present and colocalized in the nuclei incubated without lactose, (ii) all the CBP70 molecules left the nuclei incubated in the presence of lactose, while CBP35 molecules, probably bound to RNA, remained inside the nuclei, and (iii) glucose failed to have the same effect as lactose.	Lactose	234-241	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
8020591-5	1994	Taken together, the results of indirect immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting experiments, and quantitative flow-cytofluorometric analysis show that (i) CBP70 and CBP35 are present and colocalized in the nuclei incubated without lactose, (ii) all the CBP70 molecules left the nuclei incubated in the presence of lactose, while CBP35 molecules, probably bound to RNA, remained inside the nuclei, and (iii) glucose failed to have the same effect as lactose.	Lactose	317-324	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
8020591-5	1994	Taken together, the results of indirect immunofluorescent staining, immunoblotting experiments, and quantitative flow-cytofluorometric analysis show that (i) CBP70 and CBP35 are present and colocalized in the nuclei incubated without lactose, (ii) all the CBP70 molecules left the nuclei incubated in the presence of lactose, while CBP35 molecules, probably bound to RNA, remained inside the nuclei, and (iii) glucose failed to have the same effect as lactose.	Lactose	317-324	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	168-173
8020591-6	1994	These results strongly suggest that, in membrane-depleted nuclei, CBP35 and CBP70 interactions can be altered by a conformational change of CBP35 induced by the binding of lactose to its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Lactose	172-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
8020591-6	1994	These results strongly suggest that, in membrane-depleted nuclei, CBP35 and CBP70 interactions can be altered by a conformational change of CBP35 induced by the binding of lactose to its carbohydrate-recognition domain.	Lactose	172-179	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	140-145
8197195-4	1994	The NIH 3T3 cells used in this study contained mutant p53 genes and carried a selectively inducible activated (EJ) Ha-ras transgene under the control of bacterial lactose regulatory elements.	Lactose	163-170	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	115-121
8162600-5	1994	The expression of this Ha-ras is specifically induced by the addition of isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG), a lactose analogue, to the culture medium.	Lactose	125-132	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	23-29
8182468-11	1994	Morphometry unveiled that galactose and lactose specifically inhibited myelin phagocytosis, as predicted if MAC-2 was mediating myelin phagocytosis by lectinophagocytosis (lectin-mediated phagocytosis).	Lactose	28-35	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	108-113
8046775-0	1994	Isolation and characterization of a soluble lactose-binding lectin from postnatal chicken retina.	Lactose	44-51	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	60-66
8003303-3	1994	When lipid was present in adequate amount, the increase in enterocyte lactase activity occurred when carbohydrate was present as either lactose or galactose.	Lactose	136-143	lactase	Homo sapiens	70-77
8150087-2	1994	The cause is a post-weaning down-regulation of the intestinal-specific enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) reducing the intestinal capacity to hydrolyze lactose.	Lactose	158-165	lactase	Mus musculus	107-110
8147360-1	1994	OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of three commercially available oral lactase preparations in adults with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	108-115	lactase	Homo sapiens	72-79
8147360-11	1994	CONCLUSION: In lactose-intolerant subjects, the available lactase preparations differ in their ability to improve both breath hydrogen excretion and symptoms.	Lactose	15-22	lactase	Homo sapiens	58-65
8150087-2	1994	The cause is a post-weaning down-regulation of the intestinal-specific enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) reducing the intestinal capacity to hydrolyze lactose.	Lactose	158-165	lactase	Mus musculus	78-105
8003303-4	1994	However, when the lipid content of the diet was low, there was a specific effect of carbohydrate composition which was dependent on position along the villus axis: in the lower villus, colostra high in lactose or glucose stimulated an increase in lactase, but there was no such effect with a high galactose intake.	Lactose	202-209	lactase	Homo sapiens	247-254
8106490-0	1994	Study by mutagenesis of the roles of two aromatic clusters of alpha-lactalbumin in aspects of its action in the lactose synthase system.	Lactose	112-119	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	62-79
8091885-8	1994	Prior to clinical ketosis, milk acetone was negatively correlated with milk yield, percentage of protein and percentage of lactose, whereas it was positively correlated with percentage of fat and urea concentration.	Lactose	123-130	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	27-31
8116603-1	1994	Beta-galactosidase (lactase) allows the digestion of lactose as its component sugars, galactose and glucose.	Lactose	53-60	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
8116603-1	1994	Beta-galactosidase (lactase) allows the digestion of lactose as its component sugars, galactose and glucose.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Homo sapiens	20-27
8288553-1	1994	In enteric bacteria, chromosomally encoded permeases specific for lactose, maltose, and melibiose are allosterically regulated by the glucose-specific enzyme IIA of the phosphotransferase system.	Lactose	66-73	colicin Ia immunity protein	Escherichia coli	158-161
7932108-7	1994	Arabinose, xylose and galactose induced the A. caviae beta-galactosidase activity by several folds and lactose moderately enhanced its activity.	Lactose	24-31	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	54-72
8138485-6	1994	Milk replacer is a source of readily available lactose, fat, and protein, the intake of which, on a kilogram.75 basis, gradually increased with age.	Lactose	47-54	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
8042014-2	1994	Lactase (more precisely lactase-phlorizin hydrolase) is located in the brush border of the small intestinal enterocytes and is responsible for the hydrolysis of dietary lactose.	Lactose	169-176	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
8253805-0	1993	Primary structure of the soluble lactose binding lectin L-29 from rat and dog and interaction of its non-collagenous proline-, glycine-, tyrosine-rich sequence with bacterial and tissue collagenase.	Lactose	33-40	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-60
8253806-0	1993	L-29, a soluble lactose-binding lectin, is phosphorylated on serine 6 and serine 12 in vivo and by casein kinase I.	Lactose	16-23	ribosomal protein L29	Homo sapiens	0-4
8253806-1	1993	L-29, a mammalian soluble lactose-binding lectin, was previously shown to be phosphorylated in confluent 3T3 fibroblasts (Cowles, E. A., Agrwal, N., Anderson, R. L., and Wang, J. L. (1990) J. Biol.	Lactose	26-33	ribosomal protein L29	Homo sapiens	0-4
8042014-2	1994	Lactase (more precisely lactase-phlorizin hydrolase) is located in the brush border of the small intestinal enterocytes and is responsible for the hydrolysis of dietary lactose.	Lactose	169-176	lactase	Homo sapiens	24-51
8246770-2	1993	The contribution of galactose to the increase in glucose and insulin levels following ingestion of equimolar amounts of galactose and glucose, or lactose, has not been reported in people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Lactose	22-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
8360471-9	1993	T cells directed to Gal2-52-61 recognized glycopeptides having significant variation in the disaccharide structure, such as HEL(52-61) glycopeptides carrying lactose, cellobiose, or hepta-o-acetylated galabiose.	Lactose	158-165	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
8246973-3	1993	K. lactis gal80 disruption mutants show constitutive expression of the lactose/galactose metabolic genes, confirming that K. lactis Gal80 functions in essentially in the same way as does S. cerevisiae Gal80, blocking activation by the transcriptional activator Lac9 (K. lactis Gal4) in the absence of an inducing sugar.	Lactose	71-78	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	132-137
8246973-3	1993	K. lactis gal80 disruption mutants show constitutive expression of the lactose/galactose metabolic genes, confirming that K. lactis Gal80 functions in essentially in the same way as does S. cerevisiae Gal80, blocking activation by the transcriptional activator Lac9 (K. lactis Gal4) in the absence of an inducing sugar.	Lactose	71-78	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	201-206
8246973-3	1993	K. lactis gal80 disruption mutants show constitutive expression of the lactose/galactose metabolic genes, confirming that K. lactis Gal80 functions in essentially in the same way as does S. cerevisiae Gal80, blocking activation by the transcriptional activator Lac9 (K. lactis Gal4) in the absence of an inducing sugar.	Lactose	71-78	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	277-281
8246973-10	1993	By mutating the Lac9 binding sites of the GAL80 promoter, we could show that induction of GAL80 is required to prevent activation of the lactose/galactose regulon in glycerol or glucose plus galactose, whereas the noninduced level of Gal80 is sufficient to completely block Lac9 function in glucose.	Lactose	137-144	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-47
8246973-10	1993	By mutating the Lac9 binding sites of the GAL80 promoter, we could show that induction of GAL80 is required to prevent activation of the lactose/galactose regulon in glycerol or glucose plus galactose, whereas the noninduced level of Gal80 is sufficient to completely block Lac9 function in glucose.	Lactose	137-144	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	90-95
8246973-10	1993	By mutating the Lac9 binding sites of the GAL80 promoter, we could show that induction of GAL80 is required to prevent activation of the lactose/galactose regulon in glycerol or glucose plus galactose, whereas the noninduced level of Gal80 is sufficient to completely block Lac9 function in glucose.	Lactose	137-144	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	234-239
8142006-2	1993	In the presence of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), galactosyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of galactose to glucose to yield lactose.	Lactose	99-106	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	19-36
8142006-2	1993	In the presence of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), galactosyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of galactose to glucose to yield lactose.	Lactose	99-106	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	38-46
7764009-2	1993	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase (HK), and beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL) activities of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-permeabilized whole yeast cells were employed to estimate ethyl alcohol, glucose, and lactose.	Lactose	261-268	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-69
7764009-2	1993	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), hexokinase (HK), and beta-galactosidase (beta-GAL) activities of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-permeabilized whole yeast cells were employed to estimate ethyl alcohol, glucose, and lactose.	Lactose	261-268	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-82
8251503-1	1993	The native lactose repressor from Escherichia coli (Lac Rep) and two single-point mutants, W220Y and W201Y, were investigated using low-temperature phosphorescence and optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy.	Lactose	52-55	replication protein	Escherichia coli	56-59
8223076-0	1993	Comparative effects of exogenous lactase (beta-galactosidase) preparations on in vivo lactose digestion.	Lactose	86-93	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
8223076-1	1993	Microbial-derived beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzyme preparations improve in vivo lactose digestion and tolerance through enhanced gastrointestinal digestion of lactose.	Lactose	84-91	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-36
8223076-1	1993	Microbial-derived beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzyme preparations improve in vivo lactose digestion and tolerance through enhanced gastrointestinal digestion of lactose.	Lactose	84-91	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-26
8223076-1	1993	Microbial-derived beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzyme preparations improve in vivo lactose digestion and tolerance through enhanced gastrointestinal digestion of lactose.	Lactose	163-170	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-36
8223076-1	1993	Microbial-derived beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) enzyme preparations improve in vivo lactose digestion and tolerance through enhanced gastrointestinal digestion of lactose.	Lactose	163-170	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-26
8223076-8	1993	The 50-g lactose dose appeared to overwhelm the ability of either 3000 or 6000 IU of beta-gal to assist significantly with lactose digestion.	Lactose	123-130	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-93
8352754-6	1993	Protein eluted by lactose from an affinity matrix composed of quail intestinal mucin possessed the same molecular mass on SDS/PAGE as intestinal lectin and reacted on Western blots with a lectin-specific antibody.	Lactose	18-25	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
8351284-0	1993	Effects of cholera and pertussis toxins on prolactin stimulation of lactose synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse mammary gland explants.	Lactose	68-75	prolactin	Mus musculus	43-52
8351284-5	1993	Cholera toxin by itself did not affect the rate of lactose synthesis, but at concentrations above 0.5 micrograms/ml, it attenuated the magnitude of the prolactin stimulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	177-184	prolactin	Mus musculus	152-161
8351284-7	1993	At concentrations of 25 ng/ml and above, pertussis toxin inhibited the PRL stimulation of lactose synthesis, whereas at 0.2 and 0.5 micrograms/ml, pertussis toxin abolished the PRL response.	Lactose	90-97	prolactin	Mus musculus	71-74
8394589-3	1993	When tested together, okadaic acid and prolactin evoked a nonadditive stimulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	85-92	prolactin	Mus musculus	39-48
8394589-4	1993	In addition, the time-courses for the okadaic acid and prolactin effects on lactose synthesis were the same.	Lactose	76-83	prolactin	Mus musculus	55-64
8394589-6	1993	Since okadaic acid is known to inhibit protein phosphatases-1 and 2A, we conclude that the substrate(s) of these phosphatases are involved in the signal transduction pathway by which prolactin expresses its effect on lactose synthesis in mammary tissues.	Lactose	217-224	prolactin	Mus musculus	183-192
8336207-2	1993	Galactose absorbed after hydrolysis of lactose from milk in individuals with normal lactase activity is considered responsible.	Lactose	2-9	lactase	Homo sapiens	84-91
8349731-2	1993	The 156-kD dystrophin-associated glycoprotein (156-kD dystroglycan) specifically bound laminin in a calcium-dependent manner and was inhibited by NaCl (IC50 = 250 mM) but was not affected by 1,000-fold (wt/wt) excesses of lactose, IKVAV, or YIGSR peptides.	Lactose	222-229	dystrophin	Homo sapiens	11-21
8329360-3	1993	These products were based on either lactose-enriched cow"s milk or lactose-enriched, lactase (EC 3.2.1.23)-treated cow"s milk, with or without added Mg, and were given in turn during 1 week.	Lactose	67-74	lactase	Bos taurus	85-92
8325871-8	1993	Equilibrium dialysis experiments using [3H]lactose showed that rCBP35 binds 1 mol (n = 0.84) of lactose/30,000 g atoms of protein, with an affinity constant of 2.07 x 10(4) M-1.	Lactose	43-50	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
8325871-8	1993	Equilibrium dialysis experiments using [3H]lactose showed that rCBP35 binds 1 mol (n = 0.84) of lactose/30,000 g atoms of protein, with an affinity constant of 2.07 x 10(4) M-1.	Lactose	96-103	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
8323955-5	1993	When incubated in optimized conditions with type 1, 2 or 6 oligosaccharide acceptors (10 mM), hepatocellular alpha 1-3 FT efficiently transferred fucose to N-acetyllactosamine and its 3" sialylated derivative, but poorly to lactose.	Lactose	224-231	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	109-116
8317389-4	1993	During the first postnatal week, milk immunoreactive prolactin concentrations were lower for women with IDDM than for control and reference women and the inverse relationship between lactose and milk prolactin, which was significant at day 2 postpartum for reference women, was delayed until day 14 postpartum for women with IDDM.	Lactose	183-190	prolactin	Homo sapiens	53-62
8317389-4	1993	During the first postnatal week, milk immunoreactive prolactin concentrations were lower for women with IDDM than for control and reference women and the inverse relationship between lactose and milk prolactin, which was significant at day 2 postpartum for reference women, was delayed until day 14 postpartum for women with IDDM.	Lactose	183-190	prolactin	Homo sapiens	200-209
8486682-12	1993	An inhibition assay with biotinylated CL-43, using solid-phase mannan as ligand, revealed the following carbohydrate inhibition pattern: mannose and ManNAc > fucose > GlcNAc > glucose and maltose > galactose > lactose >> GalNAc.	Lactose	212-219	collectin-43	Bos taurus	38-43
8482536-2	1993	In cattle, the production of alpha LA is tightly coupled to the onset of lactation and it serves as a regulatory subunit of the enzyme responsible for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	151-158	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	29-37
8471030-1	1993	[14C]Lactose electroinjected into isolated rat hepatocytes is normally autophagocytosed, transferred to lysosomes and degraded by lysosomal beta-galactosidase, but at high concentrations of asparagine the transfer is inhibited and lactose accumulates in prelysosomal autophagic/endocytic vacuoles (amphisomes).	Lactose	5-12	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-158
8272627-8	1993	Lactose tolerance test was indicative of lactase persistance in 37% of cirrhotics and in 43% of controls (NS).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	41-48
8471030-2	1993	The accumulation can be prevented by addition of yeast beta-galactosidase, which is transferred to the lactose-containing vacuoles by endocytosis.	Lactose	103-110	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-73
8471030-3	1993	Propylamine, a weak base capable of neutralizing acidic vacuoles, protects autophagocytosed lactose against both endogenous and exogenous beta-galactosidase, suggesting that amphisomes, like lysosomes, have an acidic internal environment.	Lactose	92-99	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-156
8381673-2	1993	The effects on hemagglutination and neuraminidase are prevented by the presence in the incubation mixture of sialyl lactose, a substrate of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.	Lactose	116-123	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	36-49
8381673-2	1993	The effects on hemagglutination and neuraminidase are prevented by the presence in the incubation mixture of sialyl lactose, a substrate of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.	Lactose	116-123	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	154-167
8431467-2	1993	The purified protein modified the action of partially-purified galactosyltransferase from platypus milk to promote the synthesis of lactose, but had very little modifier effect on bovine galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	132-139	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	63-84
7902081-0	1993	Effect of lactose induced diarrhea on intestinal glutaminase and muscle glutamine synthetase activities in rats.	Lactose	10-17	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Rattus norvegicus	72-92
8418845-1	1993	The soluble mammalian lactose-binding lectins L-14-I and L-29 are both secreted and bind to oligosaccharides on laminin, a large extracellular matrix glycoprotein containing polylactosamine chains.	Lactose	22-29	ribosomal protein L29	Homo sapiens	46-61
8425445-7	1993	These data demonstrate that lactase-deficient children manifest significant increases in breath methane excretion following lactose ingestion and that enhanced methane production may be a consequence of several factors, including altered fecal pH and increased methanogenic substrates provided by colonic lactose fermentation.	Lactose	124-131	lactase	Homo sapiens	28-35
8448382-6	1993	Furthermore, the present study provides the new information that CBP35 can associate with CBP70 by interactions dependent on the binding of CBP35 to lactose, and the results of some affinity chromatography experiments strongly suggest that CBP35 and CBP70 associate by protein-protein interactions.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	65-70
8448382-6	1993	Furthermore, the present study provides the new information that CBP35 can associate with CBP70 by interactions dependent on the binding of CBP35 to lactose, and the results of some affinity chromatography experiments strongly suggest that CBP35 and CBP70 associate by protein-protein interactions.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	140-145
8448382-6	1993	Furthermore, the present study provides the new information that CBP35 can associate with CBP70 by interactions dependent on the binding of CBP35 to lactose, and the results of some affinity chromatography experiments strongly suggest that CBP35 and CBP70 associate by protein-protein interactions.	Lactose	149-156	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	140-145
8448382-7	1993	The potential function of this lactose-mediated interaction is discussed with respect to data recently reported by others showing that CBP35 is involved in in vitro mRNA splicing and that lactose inhibits the processing of the pre-RNA substrate.	Lactose	31-38	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	135-140
8441621-1	1993	In the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis glucose repression of genes involved in lactose and galactose metabolism is primarily mediated by LAC9 (or K1GAL4) the homologue of the well-known Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator GAL4.	Lactose	82-89	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	151-155
8215904-11	1993	Milk lactose content was not affected by the bGH-treatment.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
1420352-3	1992	Refeeding casein and lactose, and the artificial milk composed of Intralipid, casein and lactose, caused an elevation of the apo A-IV mRNA after 3 h, without accompanying an elevation of serum triacylglycerols and apo A-IV (fat-independent elevation of apo A-IV mRNA).	Lactose	21-28	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	125-133
8265806-8	1993	It appears that the earlier reports of alpha-lac-like activity in epididymal fluids and extracts may have been due to the presence of enzymes liberating free galactose from UDP-galactose and/or a stimulatory non-specific effect of the protein in the solutions on the lactose synthesis activity of the GalTase.	Lactose	160-167	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
1361186-4	1992	Furthermore, the cross-linking of pre-beta lac to GroES suggests that the binding of the protein ligands to GroEL occurs near the GroES binding site, known to be in the central hole space of GroEL.	Lactose	43-46	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
1361186-4	1992	Furthermore, the cross-linking of pre-beta lac to GroES suggests that the binding of the protein ligands to GroEL occurs near the GroES binding site, known to be in the central hole space of GroEL.	Lactose	43-46	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
1361186-4	1992	Furthermore, the cross-linking of pre-beta lac to GroES suggests that the binding of the protein ligands to GroEL occurs near the GroES binding site, known to be in the central hole space of GroEL.	Lactose	43-46	heat shock protein family E (Hsp10) member 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
1361186-4	1992	Furthermore, the cross-linking of pre-beta lac to GroES suggests that the binding of the protein ligands to GroEL occurs near the GroES binding site, known to be in the central hole space of GroEL.	Lactose	43-46	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	191-196
8448773-7	1993	The most pronounced were found with sucrose, followed by the lactose-hydrolysed milk.	Lactose	61-68	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	80-84
1460044-2	1992	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an integral intestinal brush border membrane glycoprotein responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk.	Lactose	129-136	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1460044-2	1992	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) is an integral intestinal brush border membrane glycoprotein responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, the primary carbohydrate in mammalian milk.	Lactose	129-136	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1420352-3	1992	Refeeding casein and lactose, and the artificial milk composed of Intralipid, casein and lactose, caused an elevation of the apo A-IV mRNA after 3 h, without accompanying an elevation of serum triacylglycerols and apo A-IV (fat-independent elevation of apo A-IV mRNA).	Lactose	89-96	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	125-133
1420352-3	1992	Refeeding casein and lactose, and the artificial milk composed of Intralipid, casein and lactose, caused an elevation of the apo A-IV mRNA after 3 h, without accompanying an elevation of serum triacylglycerols and apo A-IV (fat-independent elevation of apo A-IV mRNA).	Lactose	89-96	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	214-222
1420352-3	1992	Refeeding casein and lactose, and the artificial milk composed of Intralipid, casein and lactose, caused an elevation of the apo A-IV mRNA after 3 h, without accompanying an elevation of serum triacylglycerols and apo A-IV (fat-independent elevation of apo A-IV mRNA).	Lactose	89-96	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	214-222
1392617-3	1992	Expression of hPDGF-B from the final construct, pTacBIq, is regulated by the lactose repressor (LacIq).	Lactose	77-84	platelet derived growth factor subunit B	Homo sapiens	14-21
1396715-6	1992	For this purpose, all of the monodeoxy derivatives of methyl beta-lactoside and other lactose analogues are studied as lactase substrates.	Lactose	86-93	lactase	Homo sapiens	119-126
1334673-2	1992	The binding of Escherichia coli Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein (CRP) to several DNA fragments of about 45 base pairs, bearing the natural lactose or galactose sites, as well as several synthetic related sites, was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and gel retardation experiments.	Lactose	135-142	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	32-59
1334673-2	1992	The binding of Escherichia coli Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein (CRP) to several DNA fragments of about 45 base pairs, bearing the natural lactose or galactose sites, as well as several synthetic related sites, was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy and gel retardation experiments.	Lactose	135-142	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	61-64
1386213-6	1992	HLBP14 was eluted from a murine laminin column by lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, and galactose but not by other control saccharides, including glucose, fucose, mannose, and melibiose.	Lactose	50-57	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
1386213-8	1992	Lactose also eluted HLBP14 off a human laminin affinity column, implying that human laminin also contains poly-N-acetyllactosamine residues.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
1386213-10	1992	L-14, a dimeric lactose binding lectin, is expressed in a wide variety of tissues.	Lactose	16-23	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17	Homo sapiens	0-4
1404611-5	1992	The immunoglobulin Fab was then expressed as a dicistronic message in bacteria by using the isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside-inducible lactose promotor (lacZ).	Lactose	141-148	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	19-22
1401352-6	1992	In hind milk, there was a significant increase in the concentration of fat (15.3 g/l, P less than 0.001, n = 41) which was reflected by a significant increase in total solids (14.7 g/l, P less than 0.001, n = 8) and calculated energy (511 kJ/l, P less than 0.001, n = 27), but there was no significant difference in the concentration of either protein or lactose.	Lactose	355-362	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
1322129-2	1992	Binding to the P4 site was about 40-50-fold weaker than to the principal CRP site on the lactose promoter at both low (0.01 M) and high (0.1 M) ionic strengths.	Lactose	89-96	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	73-76
1458877-9	1992	Whereas fat concentration in the diets did not influence glucose metabolism in veal calves, the high lactose content (> 50% of diet dry matter) of veal diets induced severe insulin resistance in these calves.	Lactose	101-108	insulin	Bos taurus	176-183
1534729-0	1992	Effect of a single dose of lactase on symptoms and expired hydrogen after lactose challenge in lactose-intolerant subjects.	Lactose	74-81	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
1534729-0	1992	Effect of a single dose of lactase on symptoms and expired hydrogen after lactose challenge in lactose-intolerant subjects.	Lactose	95-102	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
1534729-12	1992	Single doses of a chewable lactase tablet reduced the concentration of expired hydrogen and symptoms of lactose intolerance after a lactose challenge.	Lactose	104-111	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
1534729-12	1992	Single doses of a chewable lactase tablet reduced the concentration of expired hydrogen and symptoms of lactose intolerance after a lactose challenge.	Lactose	132-139	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
1638977-1	1992	A cDNA encoding L14, the lactose-binding, soluble lectin of relative molecular mass 14 x 10(3), has been isolated in a differential screen designed to identify genes that are regulated during the differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells in vitro.	Lactose	25-32	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	16-19
1519207-9	1992	These results show that a combination of aPL and beta 2-GPI is essential not only for binding to cardiolipin, but also for LAC activity and imply that low beta 2-GPI levels (less than 50 micrograms/ml) can lead to false negative LAC tests.	Lactose	123-126	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	49-59
1519207-9	1992	These results show that a combination of aPL and beta 2-GPI is essential not only for binding to cardiolipin, but also for LAC activity and imply that low beta 2-GPI levels (less than 50 micrograms/ml) can lead to false negative LAC tests.	Lactose	123-126	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	155-165
1519207-9	1992	These results show that a combination of aPL and beta 2-GPI is essential not only for binding to cardiolipin, but also for LAC activity and imply that low beta 2-GPI levels (less than 50 micrograms/ml) can lead to false negative LAC tests.	Lactose	229-232	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	155-165
1533243-2	1992	IgE binding to LC could neither be prevented by preincubation of the tissue with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against either Fc epsilon RII/CD23 or Fc gamma RII/CD32, nor by the addition of lactose.	Lactose	189-196	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	0-3
1377001-8	1992	Asialofetuin binding was inhibited 65% and 30-50% by lactose for plastic-adsorbed polymeric and dimeric galaptin, respectively.	Lactose	53-60	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	104-112
1597589-7	1992	Genetic correlations of lactose percentage with milk, fat, protein, fat and protein percentages, and somatic cell score were -.30, -.16, -.21, .10, .29, and -.11, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were -.08, -.02, .01, .11, .29, and -.15.	Lactose	24-31	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	48-52
1597589-7	1992	Genetic correlations of lactose percentage with milk, fat, protein, fat and protein percentages, and somatic cell score were -.30, -.16, -.21, .10, .29, and -.11, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were -.08, -.02, .01, .11, .29, and -.15.	Lactose	24-31	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	54-57
1597589-7	1992	Genetic correlations of lactose percentage with milk, fat, protein, fat and protein percentages, and somatic cell score were -.30, -.16, -.21, .10, .29, and -.11, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were -.08, -.02, .01, .11, .29, and -.15.	Lactose	24-31	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	68-71
1564422-7	1992	EGF treatment resulted in lower milk yield and reduced concentration of lactose and protein; milk fat concentration fell after EGF infusion had ceased.	Lactose	72-79	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	0-3
1377001-9	1992	Native fetuin bound to the adsorbed dimeric galaptin in a lactose-insensitive manner.	Lactose	58-65	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	44-52
1730878-5	1992	epsilon BP is displayed on the cell surface in a manner that is reversible by lactose, most likely through attachment to yet unidentified glycoconjugates.	Lactose	78-85	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
1541728-9	1992	In trial 1, part 2, supplementation with 4.8% fish meal increased concentration of milk protein and yields of milk, protein, lactose, and SNF.	Lactose	125-132	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	83-87
1547204-0	1992	Enhancement of intestinal hydrolysis of lactose by microbial beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) of kefir.	Lactose	40-47	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-79
1547204-1	1992	The effect of microbial beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity on intestinal lactose digestion was estimated directly by following post-prandial venous plasma galactose concentrations.	Lactose	80-87	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-42
1547204-7	1992	These results give direct evidence of an enhanced lactose digestion and absorption in native fermented milk products due to the microbial beta-galactosidase activity.	Lactose	50-57	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	138-156
1312959-2	1992	Genistein (10-200 microM) inhibited in a dose-response fashion the PRL stimulation of casein, lipid and lactose synthesis as well as ODC activation.	Lactose	104-111	prolactin	Mus musculus	67-70
24425334-2	1992	In medium containing different carbon sources: lactose, fructose, sucrose or glucose plus fructose, the growth of a mixed culture (Yop12+Ss2) shows stimulation ofS.	Lactose	47-54	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	137-140
1955484-1	1991	L-14, a dimeric lactose-binding lectin with subunits of 14 kD, is expressed in a wide range of vertebrate tissues.	Lactose	16-23	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	0-4
1722473-1	1991	The bacterial lactose operator (lacO) was introduced into the PstI site of the long terminal repeat of the SL3-3 murine leukemia virus, generating a virus, SL3-3lacO, that can replicate in NIH3T3 cell cultures.	Lactose	14-21	matrix metallopeptidase 11	Mus musculus	107-112
1744095-3	1991	(1983) Nature 302, 163-164), a hypothetical sugar-binding site for the lac repressor was proposed using the solved x-ray crystallographic structure of the arabinose-binding protein (ABP) (Sams, C. F., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., and Matthews, K. S. (1984) Nature 310, 429-430).	Lactose	71-74	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	155-180
1744095-3	1991	(1983) Nature 302, 163-164), a hypothetical sugar-binding site for the lac repressor was proposed using the solved x-ray crystallographic structure of the arabinose-binding protein (ABP) (Sams, C. F., Vyas, N. K., Quiocho, F. A., and Matthews, K. S. (1984) Nature 310, 429-430).	Lactose	71-74	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	182-185
1922058-2	1991	The data show that the K. lactis GAL1 gene product has, in addition to galactokinase activity, a function required for induction of the lactose system.	Lactose	136-143	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	33-37
1787187-7	1991	Quarters infused with a single 100-micrograms dose of interleukin-2 or three consecutive doses of 25 and 100 micrograms of interleukin-2 had significantly lower lactose concentrations; there was a concomitant increase in bovine serum albumin, pH, and SCC compared with preinfusion concentrations or with control quarters.	Lactose	161-168	interleukin 2	Bos taurus	54-67
1787187-7	1991	Quarters infused with a single 100-micrograms dose of interleukin-2 or three consecutive doses of 25 and 100 micrograms of interleukin-2 had significantly lower lactose concentrations; there was a concomitant increase in bovine serum albumin, pH, and SCC compared with preinfusion concentrations or with control quarters.	Lactose	161-168	interleukin 2	Bos taurus	123-136
1792946-2	1991	Diminished lactase activity, defined as greater than 20 ppm increase in expired hydrogen at 2 or 2.5 h after an oral lactose load, was examined: (1) by comparing bone mass between members of twin pairs discordant for lactase activity; (2) by examining the linear association between bone mass and total expired hydrogen gas; and (3) by comparing all lactase-deficient individuals to those with persistent lactase activity.	Lactose	117-124	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
1765587-6	1991	Additional functions further partition milk energy into the principal constituents, fat, protein and lactose.	Lactose	101-108	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	39-43
1815737-2	1991	Lactose from bovine milk, bad feeding habits and poor oral hygiene appear to play a major role in its aetiology.	Lactose	0-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	20-24
1663364-8	1991	The binding of SSA-M to sialidase-treated porcine mucin was inhibited strongly by GalNAc and disaccharides containing galactose (lactose, melibiose, and N-acetyllactosamine) but not by free galactose (Gal), suggesting that the glycan for optimum binding is Gal beta(1-3)GalNAc.	Lactose	120-127	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	50-55
1916106-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, which hydrolyzes lactose, the major carbohydrate in milk, plays a critical role in the nutrition of the mammalian neonate.	Lactose	46-53	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1916106-2	1991	Lactose intolerance in adult humans is common, usually due to low levels of small intestinal lactase.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	93-100
1907269-4	1991	An ecotropic, rodent-specific, replication-defective murine leukemia virus containing the gene for beta-galactosidase was chemically modified with lactose to contain 5.9 mumol of lactose per mg of viral RNA.	Lactose	179-186	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	99-117
1717838-8	1991	The binding of RC1 to IgG model IC was highly specific because it was completely abolished in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	110-117	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	15-18
1908098-1	1991	The onset of the prolactin (PRL) stimulation of lactose synthesis is between 4 and 8 hr after adding PRL to cultured mouse mammary tissues.	Lactose	48-55	prolactin	Mus musculus	17-26
1908098-1	1991	The onset of the prolactin (PRL) stimulation of lactose synthesis is between 4 and 8 hr after adding PRL to cultured mouse mammary tissues.	Lactose	48-55	prolactin	Mus musculus	28-31
1908098-1	1991	The onset of the prolactin (PRL) stimulation of lactose synthesis is between 4 and 8 hr after adding PRL to cultured mouse mammary tissues.	Lactose	48-55	prolactin	Mus musculus	101-104
1908098-2	1991	The synthesis of lactose is catalyzed by the enzyme lactose synthetase, which is composed of two parts, alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyl transferase.	Lactose	17-24	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	104-121
1908098-2	1991	The synthesis of lactose is catalyzed by the enzyme lactose synthetase, which is composed of two parts, alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyl transferase.	Lactose	52-59	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	104-121
1908098-3	1991	In time-sequence studies, it was found that the activity of galactosyl transferase is enhanced by PRL in concert with the onset of the PRL stimulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	154-161	prolactin	Mus musculus	98-101
1908098-3	1991	In time-sequence studies, it was found that the activity of galactosyl transferase is enhanced by PRL in concert with the onset of the PRL stimulation of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	154-161	prolactin	Mus musculus	135-138
1908098-5	1991	It is, therefore, apparent that the rate-limiting component for the PRL stimulation of lactose synthesis in cultured mouse mammary tissues is galactosyl transferase activity.	Lactose	87-94	prolactin	Mus musculus	68-71
1942472-0	1991	Effect of a lactase preparation on lactose content and osmolality of preterm and term infant formulas.	Lactose	35-42	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
1942472-4	1991	Lactose content of formulas at room temperature was decreased by approximately 50% 1 hour after addition of lactase.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	108-115
1905719-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62) is a major intestinal microvillar membrane glycoprotein that digests lactose, the main carbohydrate of milk.	Lactose	120-127	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1942472-9	1991	The addition of lactase appears to be a suitable method for reduction of lactose content of preterm and term formulas, although the increase in osmolality of term formulas may preclude their clinical use.	Lactose	73-80	lactase	Homo sapiens	16-23
1905719-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) (EC 3.2.1.23/62) is a major intestinal microvillar membrane glycoprotein that digests lactose, the main carbohydrate of milk.	Lactose	120-127	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1721559-6	1991	The stimulation of iE adhesion to HSF induced by kE as well as kE binding to the cells could be inhibited by lactose and laminin but not by Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser(RGDS) peptides.	Lactose	109-116	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	34-37
2066156-10	1991	Gas-related symptoms require elimination of contributory dietary factors, such as lactose-containing foods, sorbitol, or fructose, as well as certain oligosaccharides.	Lactose	82-89	gastrin	Homo sapiens	0-3
1933952-2	1991	Lactose-binding lectins having Mr values of approximately 14,000 (L-14.5) and approximately 35,000 Da have been found in a variety of vertebrate tissues, including normal intestine and colon, and in several types of tumors such as colon carcinomas.	Lactose	0-7	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-17	Homo sapiens	66-70
1908368-2	1991	This study shows that lactase deficiency and mucosal damage are more common in childhood diarrhea, and there are positive correlations among intestinal morphology, lactase activity and lactose hydrolysis.	Lactose	185-192	lactase	Homo sapiens	22-29
2021132-1	1991	Lactose in yogurt is better digested than lactose in other dairy foods by lactase-deficient individuals, in part because of intraintestinal activity of yogurt microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal).	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	169-187
2021132-1	1991	Lactose in yogurt is better digested than lactose in other dairy foods by lactase-deficient individuals, in part because of intraintestinal activity of yogurt microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal).	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	169-177
2021132-3	1991	To evaluate the ability of yogurt beta-gal to digest lactose when yogurt is consumed with food or with additional lactose, 22 healthy lactose-maldigesting individuals were fed 10 test meals.	Lactose	53-60	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-42
1848864-4	1991	Both elastin and laminin were found to compete for binding to the cell surface and lactose dramatically decreased the affinity of the receptor(s) for both elastin and laminin.	Lactose	83-90	elastin	Homo sapiens	155-162
1902057-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) splits lactose in the small intestine.	Lactose	41-48	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-27
1902057-1	1991	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) splits lactose in the small intestine.	Lactose	41-48	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1908866-6	1991	The availability of viable organisms, the exogenous lactase activity, and especially the slow gastric emptying may all have contributed to more efficient hydrolysis and digestion of lactose from quargs and yogurt than from the wheys.	Lactose	182-189	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
1907811-0	1991	Flow injection analysis of lactose using covalently immobilized beta-galactosidase, mutarotase, and glucose oxidase/peroxidase on a 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium salt-activated Fractogel support.	Lactose	27-34	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	64-82
1848864-7	1991	The changes in the kinetics of ligand-coated gold binding to living cells suggest that both laminin and elastin binding is inhibited by lactose and that attachment of receptor to the cytoskeleton increases its affinity for the ligand.	Lactose	136-143	elastin	Homo sapiens	104-111
1909207-1	1991	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of withdrawal of lactose from the diet for 72 hours on lactase activity in the jejunal mucosa of conventionally raised calves.	Lactose	70-77	lactase	Bos taurus	108-115
1901712-2	1991	Modification of the method, which is based on beta-galactosidase production, involves incorporation of a lactose operon inducer in medium upon which presumptive coliform isolates are cultured prior to beta-galactosidase assay.	Lactose	105-112	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-64
18597309-7	1991	Sixteen hours cultivation at 37 degrees C in a complex medium with lactose as inducer and carbon/energy source resulted in up to 30% of the volume and 48% of the total protein of biomass being accumulated for as prochymosin inclusion bodies.	Lactose	67-74	chymosin	Bos taurus	212-223
2058348-11	1991	The results showed that the relation between lactase activity in the biopsy and lactose assimilation takes the form of a saturation curve.	Lactose	80-87	lactase	Homo sapiens	45-52
1987134-0	1991	The binding of cyclic AMP receptor protein to two lactose promoter sites is not cooperative in vitro.	Lactose	50-57	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	15-42
1987134-1	1991	The lactose promoter-operator region of Escherichia coli contains two binding sites for cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP), two for the lactose repressor, and two for RNA polymerase.	Lactose	4-11	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	88-115
1987134-1	1991	The lactose promoter-operator region of Escherichia coli contains two binding sites for cyclic AMP receptor protein (CAP), two for the lactose repressor, and two for RNA polymerase.	Lactose	4-11	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	117-120
1987134-3	1991	In this study, we used the gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay and binding partition analysis techniques to determine whether the secondary CAP site influences the binding of CAP to the principal CAP site in the lactose promoter when both are present on a linear DNA molecule.	Lactose	217-224	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	145-148
1987134-3	1991	In this study, we used the gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay and binding partition analysis techniques to determine whether the secondary CAP site influences the binding of CAP to the principal CAP site in the lactose promoter when both are present on a linear DNA molecule.	Lactose	217-224	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	180-183
1987134-3	1991	In this study, we used the gel electrophoresis mobility shift assay and binding partition analysis techniques to determine whether the secondary CAP site influences the binding of CAP to the principal CAP site in the lactose promoter when both are present on a linear DNA molecule.	Lactose	217-224	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	180-183
1664054-4	1991	In the small intestine lactose is subjected to the hydrolytic impact of beta-galactosidase originating mainly from the mucosa.	Lactose	23-30	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-90
1665542-11	1991	Moreover, a lactose-containing diet alters the metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms (activity of microbial beta-galactosidase, acidification and lowering of ph in the chymus, production of hydrogen, proteolytic activity.)	Lactose	12-19	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-136
1665543-5	1991	The beta-galactosidase activity in the rat caecum and colon is influenced by dietary factors: It declines with increasing lactose concentration and it rises with increasing protein and phosphate concentration in the diet.	Lactose	122-129	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-22
2124489-2	1990	The goat alpha-lactalbumin was expressed under the yeast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter and terminator of pYG100 and secreted in the growth medium for yeast as a precise mature protein, possessing specific activity essentially the same as that of authentic goat alpha-lactalbumin in lactose synthesis.	Lactose	308-315	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	9-26
2125052-1	1990	The plasmid-encoded lactose genes of the Lactococcus lactis phosphotransferase system encoding Enzyme IIIlac (lacF) and Enzyme IIlac (lacE) have been identified and cloned in Escherichia coli and L. lactis.	Lactose	20-27	EIIA-Lac	Lactococcus lactis	110-114
2125052-2	1990	Nucleotide sequence and transcription analysis showed that these genes are organized into a lactose-inducible operon with the gene order lacF-lacE-lacG-lacX, the latter two genes encoding phospho-beta-galactosidase and a 34-kDa protein with an unknown function, respectively.	Lactose	92-99	EIIA-Lac	Lactococcus lactis	137-141
2258620-7	1990	In addition, CD53 is distantly related to Escherichia coli lac Y permease, a type III integral membrane protein that ferries lactose into the bacterial cell.	Lactose	125-132	CD53 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-17
2133518-1	1990	Lactase (beta-D galactoside-galactohydrolase, E.C.3.2.1.23) is a relevant enzyme to the dairy industry as it modifies undesirable functional and nutritional properties derived from the lactose content in milk and dairies, and as a way of recovering or upgrading cheese whey.	Lactose	185-192	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
2249984-6	1990	Milligram quantities of homogeneous epsilon BP could be obtained from bacterial lysate in a one-step affinity purification procedure utilizing lactosyl-Sepharose 4B and elution with a lactose gradient.	Lactose	184-191	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-46
2249984-8	1990	The purified r epsilon BP exhibits binding activity to various saccharides, with affinity for N-acetyllactosamine greater than thiodigalactoside greater than lactose much greater than D-galactose greater than L-arabinose, an order identical to that exhibited by native epsilon BP isolated from RBL cells.	Lactose	158-165	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
1775944-2	1991	In human and all mammalian species, lactose is hydrolyzed in the small intestine by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, also abbreviated as lactase.	Lactose	36-43	lactase	Homo sapiens	84-111
1775944-2	1991	In human and all mammalian species, lactose is hydrolyzed in the small intestine by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, also abbreviated as lactase.	Lactose	36-43	lactase	Homo sapiens	84-91
1775944-3	1991	The absence of lactase results in the passage of undigested lactose into the large intestine and is associated with a well-known clinical syndrome: lactose intolerance.	Lactose	60-67	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
1775944-3	1991	The absence of lactase results in the passage of undigested lactose into the large intestine and is associated with a well-known clinical syndrome: lactose intolerance.	Lactose	148-155	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
2122719-0	1990	Beta-galactosidase tablets in the treatment of lactose intolerance in pediatrics.	Lactose	47-54	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
2122719-1	1990	Lactose-intolerant children manifest diminished or nonexistent intestinal lactase activity, resulting in flatulence, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	74-81
2122719-8	1990	These results indicate, therefore, that coingestion of lactose and lactase-containing tablets significantly reduces both breath hydrogen excretion and clinical symptoms associated with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	185-192	lactase	Homo sapiens	67-74
2120234-3	1990	Transcription of lacR, into a 1.2-kilobase monocistronic messenger, is repressed approximately 5-fold during growth on lactose.	Lactose	119-126	lacR	Lactococcus lactis	17-21
2120234-8	1990	The presence of lacR on a multicopy plasmid resulted in the decrease of lactose phosphotransferase system activity, whereas only on lactose a decrease (25%) of growth rate was observed.	Lactose	72-79	lacR	Lactococcus lactis	16-20
2120234-9	1990	No significant difference in growth rate was observed on glucose, indicating that LacR specifically represses the lactose genes of L. lactis.	Lactose	114-121	lacR	Lactococcus lactis	82-86
2133518-11	1990	Stability of the immobilized lactase was assessed in long-term reactor operation with whey permeate (35 g/l of lactose) at 40 degrees C and pH 4.0.	Lactose	111-118	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-36
2120287-1	1990	The intestinal brush-border enzyme lactase splits lactose into its component monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.	Lactose	50-57	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
2134333-0	1990	Lactose tolerance hydrogen breath test (H2BT)	Lactose	0-7	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	40-44
2246720-7	1990	The ABH(+)Le(a-b-) group had higher lactose contents than the other groups (p less than 0.01).	Lactose	36-43	alkB homolog 1, histone H2A dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	4-7
1976654-0	1990	Biogenesis of intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in adults with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	68-75	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-52
1976654-2	1990	Enzymatic activity, biosynthesis, and maturation of lactasephlorizin hydrolase (LPH) were investigated in adult volunteers with suspected lactose intolerance.	Lactose	138-145	lactase	Homo sapiens	80-83
1976654-9	1990	Therefore, lactose intolerance in adults is mainly due to a decreased biosynthesis of LPH, either at the transcriptional or translational level.	Lactose	11-18	lactase	Homo sapiens	86-89
2280488-4	1990	On the other hand, hemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated human type B erythrocytes by CT was inhibited by lactose, galactose, hog A + H, bovine salivary mucin, porcine thyroglobulin, and fetuin, whereas that was not effectively inhibited by ganglioside GM1 at the highest concentration.	Lactose	110-117	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	39-52
2280503-6	1990	Hemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated human type B erythrocytes by calcium-independent bovine IgM reactive with melibiose was effectively inhibited by galactose, methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside and melibiose, whereas that was not by methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, lactose, and other substances at the highest concentrations used.	Lactose	157-164	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	20-33
2261464-9	1990	Finally, human epsilon BP was purified from several human cell lines and shown to possess lactose-binding characteristics and cross-species reactivity to murine IgE.	Lactose	90-97	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	15-25
2123425-5	1990	The Michaelis constant of the mucosal beta-galactosidase of rats is 14 mmol/l with alpha-lactose and 50 mmol/l with beta-lactose as substrates.	Lactose	116-128	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-56
2119224-0	1990	Effect of the microbial lactase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity in yoghurt on the intestinal absorption of lactose: an in vivo study in lactase-deficient humans.	Lactose	98-105	lactase	Homo sapiens	24-31
2107871-10	1990	Study of the susceptibility of lactase to inactivation by luminal factors in the various forms of lactose intolerance is warranted.	Lactose	98-105	lactase	Homo sapiens	31-38
2200811-6	1990	Somatotropin injection increased daily milk yield of cows by 4.4 kg and concentrations of fat and lactose in milk.	Lactose	98-105	somatotropin	Bos taurus	0-12
1697482-5	1990	The binding of RCA to MIC is highly specific, it being completely abolished after addition of lactose (1-15 mM).	Lactose	94-101	agglutinin	Ricinus communis	15-18
1697482-6	1990	It was found that the final lactose concentration necessary for the complete inhibition of MIC interaction with RCA to take place, depends on the molecular mass of MIC.	Lactose	28-35	agglutinin	Ricinus communis	112-115
2345208-7	1990	To determine whether the decreased milk lactose secretion was caused by a decline in synthesis or leakage into blood plasma and subsequent renal clearance, milk and urine were collected for 24-h periods before and after 100 IU oxytocin.	Lactose	40-47	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	35-39
2345208-9	1990	This increase (46.7 g/d) was only one-fifth of the 25% decline in total lactose recovery, suggesting that reduced mammary lactose synthesis is primarily responsible for lower milk yield.	Lactose	122-129	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	175-179
2189881-9	1990	Treatment of ECM with lactose increased the apparent galaptin receptor density:binding sites/cm2 = 7 X 10(13) and Ka = 2.6 X 10(9) M-1.	Lactose	22-29	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	53-61
2139960-1	1990	Lactase deficient subjects, who form the bulk of the world population, absorb yogurt lactose because the bacteria used for fermentation produce beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	85-92	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
2139960-1	1990	Lactase deficient subjects, who form the bulk of the world population, absorb yogurt lactose because the bacteria used for fermentation produce beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	85-92	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	144-162
2139693-13	1990	In both groups of sows, the timing of the initial increase in the concentration of plasma prolactin coincided with a similar rise in plasma lactose (P less than 0.01).	Lactose	140-147	prolactin	Homo sapiens	90-99
2404766-2	1990	The CPL-1 lysozyme coded by the pneumococcal phage Cp-1 has been overproduced in Escherichia coli under the control of a modified lipoprotein lactose promoter.	Lactose	142-149	lysozyme	Streptococcus phage Cp1	4-9
2091054-6	1990	Milk from diabetic animals has decreased lactose, fat, protein and volume and these effects can be reversed with insulin administration.	Lactose	41-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
2345776-2	1990	The present studies have demonstrated that dip-beta-CD is more effective than dipyridamole either as base or HCl (dispersed or not in lactose) on some important cardiovascular parameters when orally administered to conscious animals.	Lactose	134-141	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	47-54
2350400-0	1990	In vitro transport of beta-lactoglobulin across the jejunum of lactose-fed rats.	Lactose	63-70	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	22-40
2350400-3	1990	Ten percent lactose-feeding resulted in decreased tissue conductance and significantly reduced (-58%, P less than 0.05) beta-LG transport across rat small intestinal mucosa.	Lactose	12-19	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	120-127
20550917-2	2010	Among five tested proteins, lactose binding increased the diffusion constant only in the cases of homodimeric galectin-1 and the linkerless variant of tandem-repeat-type galectin-4.	Lactose	28-35	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	110-120
33589258-12	2021	With further development, beta-galactosidase immobilized on NFM or other membranes could be used in continuous processing in the dairy industry for a combination of filtration and lactose hydrolysis-creating products that are reduced in lactose and increased in sweetness, with no requirement for "added sugars" on the nutrition label and no enzyme listed as final product ingredient.	Lactose	180-187	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-44
33589258-12	2021	With further development, beta-galactosidase immobilized on NFM or other membranes could be used in continuous processing in the dairy industry for a combination of filtration and lactose hydrolysis-creating products that are reduced in lactose and increased in sweetness, with no requirement for "added sugars" on the nutrition label and no enzyme listed as final product ingredient.	Lactose	237-244	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-44
33233082-1	2020	Beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), catalyzing the transformation of lactose to glucose and galactose, had been encapsulated in beta-chitosan nanoparticles (beta-CS NPs) in previous work, but they were prone to aggregation and disscociation, resulting in poor bioavailability of beta-gal.	Lactose	64-71	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
23222197-1	2012	Adult-type hypolactasia (lactase nonpersistence or lactase deficiency) is the most common enzyme deficiency leading to lactose intolerance and primary lactose malabsorption.	Lactose	119-126	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
2190575-14	1990	The increase in whole body protein accretion resulting from lactose feeding in combination with amino acids seemed to result from a decreased protein breakdown that could be mediated by the insulin response.	Lactose	60-67	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	190-197
6429581-0	1984	In vivo digestion of yogurt lactose by yogurt lactase.	Lactose	28-35	lactase	Homo sapiens	46-53
22575017-4	2012	Here, (15)N-(1)H HSQC NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that 0118 indeed targets galectin-1 at a site away from the lectin"s carbohydrate binding site and thereby attenuates lactose binding to the lectin.	Lactose	170-177	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-87
20550917-2	2010	Among five tested proteins, lactose binding increased the diffusion constant only in the cases of homodimeric galectin-1 and the linkerless variant of tandem-repeat-type galectin-4.	Lactose	28-35	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	170-180
34719875-1	2022	A cancer-mitochondria dual-targeting nanoparticle based on lactose and ferrocenium derivatives conjugated polydopamine (PDA@Lac/Fc/Hyp) was constructed, which exhibited cancer-targeting and mitochondria-targeting ability deriving from lactose and ferrocenium derivatives due to the specific carbohydrate-protein interaction and cationic species properties, respectively.	Lactose	59-66	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	131-134
34883192-3	2022	Compared with free Gal, derivatives showed affinity values between beta-galactosidase and the substrate 1.2x higher in the lactose hydrolysis of milk.	Lactose	123-130	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-85
34462534-0	2022	The second DDOST-CDG patient with lactose intolerance, developmental delay, and situs inversus totalis.	Lactose	34-41	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	11-16
34462534-3	2022	In this study, we report a Chinese patient with a homozygous pathogenic variant in DDOST (c.1187G>A) and who presented with feeding difficulty, lactose intolerance, facial dysmorphism, failure to thrive, strabismus, high myopia, astigmatism, hypotonia, developmental delay and situs inversus totalis.	Lactose	144-151	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	83-88
34719875-1	2022	A cancer-mitochondria dual-targeting nanoparticle based on lactose and ferrocenium derivatives conjugated polydopamine (PDA@Lac/Fc/Hyp) was constructed, which exhibited cancer-targeting and mitochondria-targeting ability deriving from lactose and ferrocenium derivatives due to the specific carbohydrate-protein interaction and cationic species properties, respectively.	Lactose	235-242	phosphate regulating endopeptidase homolog X-linked	Homo sapiens	131-134
8070355-3	1994	Treatment with bromocriptine to suppress PRL secretion for 48 h led to a 57% decrease in milk yield with a concomitant decrease in milk protein and lactose yields, but no decrease in fat output.	Lactose	148-155	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
34802743-1	2022	Even though supplementations of essential AA (EAA) are often related to increased lactose yields in dairy cows, underlying mechanisms connecting EAA availability to the mammary glands and lactose synthesis are poorly understood.	Lactose	82-89	EAA	Bos taurus	46-49
34802743-1	2022	Even though supplementations of essential AA (EAA) are often related to increased lactose yields in dairy cows, underlying mechanisms connecting EAA availability to the mammary glands and lactose synthesis are poorly understood.	Lactose	82-89	EAA	Bos taurus	145-148
34802743-1	2022	Even though supplementations of essential AA (EAA) are often related to increased lactose yields in dairy cows, underlying mechanisms connecting EAA availability to the mammary glands and lactose synthesis are poorly understood.	Lactose	188-195	EAA	Bos taurus	46-49
34944985-12	2021	A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology.	Lactose	35-42	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Homo sapiens	74-79
34944985-12	2021	A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology.	Lactose	35-42	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	80-85
34944985-12	2021	A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology.	Lactose	35-42	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
34944985-12	2021	A focus is made on the capacity of lactose and Gal-9 to modulate both the TIM-3/Gal-9 and PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints in oncology.	Lactose	35-42	CD274 molecule	Homo sapiens	95-100
34834279-6	2021	Lactose saturated with dilutions of antibodies to IFNgamma (incubated for more than 2.5 h) changed the structural properties of an IFNgamma aqueous solution without direct contact compared to the control.	Lactose	0-7	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	50-58
34873691-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Goat milk has been an important part of human nutrition because of its high nutritional values and these nutritional values can be attributed to its richness in protein, lactose, fat and other bioactive components.	Lactose	182-189	membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
34618402-1	2021	SCOPE: Milk-proteins, besides lactose, stimulate insulin and incretin secretion.	Lactose	30-37	insulin	Bos taurus	49-56
34956146-5	2021	Among eight mono- and disaccharides tested, all were potent inducers of avian beta-defensin 9 (AvBD9) gene (p<0.05), but only galactose, trehalose, and lactose obviously upregulated cathelicidin-B1 (CATHB1) gene expression.	Lactose	152-159	cathelicidin B1	Gallus gallus	182-197
34956146-5	2021	Among eight mono- and disaccharides tested, all were potent inducers of avian beta-defensin 9 (AvBD9) gene (p<0.05), but only galactose, trehalose, and lactose obviously upregulated cathelicidin-B1 (CATHB1) gene expression.	Lactose	152-159	cathelicidin B1	Gallus gallus	199-205
34956146-7	2021	Moreover, all sugars exhibited a strong synergy with butyrate in enhancing AvBD9 expression, while only galactose, trehalose, and lactose were synergistic with butyrate in CATHB1 induction.	Lactose	130-137	cathelicidin B1	Gallus gallus	172-178
34956146-10	2021	Mucin-2 gene was also synergistically induced by a combination of lactose and butyrate.	Lactose	66-73	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	0-7
34956146-11	2021	Furthermore, lactose synergized with butyrate to induce AvBD9 expression in chicken jejunal explants (p<0.05).	Lactose	13-20	avian beta-defensin 9	Gallus gallus	56-61
34956146-13	2021	Mitogen-activated protein kinase, NF-kappaB, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathways were also found to be involved in butyrate- and lactose-mediated synergy in AvBD9 induction.	Lactose	147-154	avian beta-defensin 9	Gallus gallus	175-180
34609626-5	2021	Enzymatic activities (lactate dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase) of L90, and its metabolism of lactose and citric acid, as well as lactic acid and pyruvic acid production in milk, were modified depending on the growth media.	Lactose	98-105	beta-galactosidase	Glycine max	48-66
34749362-12	2022	Regarding Ctr group, calcium released from nocturnal lactose fermentation by Suc Lac group was 4-fold greater than that provoked by Lac group.	Lactose	53-60	calcitonin receptor	Homo sapiens	10-13
34834279-6	2021	Lactose saturated with dilutions of antibodies to IFNgamma (incubated for more than 2.5 h) changed the structural properties of an IFNgamma aqueous solution without direct contact compared to the control.	Lactose	0-7	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	131-139
34289079-4	2021	Here, we show a mathematical modeling-guided approach to 3"-sialyllactose (3SL) synthesis from N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and lactose in the presence of CTP, via the reactions of CMP-Neu5Ac synthetase and alpha2,3-sialyltransferase.	Lactose	135-142	cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase	Homo sapiens	188-209
34891476-5	2021	The results show, as expected, that the concentration of lactose approaches zero while glucose concentration approaches the initial concentration of lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase, expressed by the Lac operon.	Lactose	57-64	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-192
34891476-5	2021	The results show, as expected, that the concentration of lactose approaches zero while glucose concentration approaches the initial concentration of lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase, expressed by the Lac operon.	Lactose	57-64	lactase	Homo sapiens	211-214
34891476-5	2021	The results show, as expected, that the concentration of lactose approaches zero while glucose concentration approaches the initial concentration of lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase, expressed by the Lac operon.	Lactose	149-156	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-192
34891476-5	2021	The results show, as expected, that the concentration of lactose approaches zero while glucose concentration approaches the initial concentration of lactose by the action of beta-galactosidase, expressed by the Lac operon.	Lactose	149-156	lactase	Homo sapiens	211-214
34630506-1	2021	In adulthood, the ability to digest lactose, the main sugar present in milk of mammals, is a phenotype (lactase persistence) observed in historically herder populations, mainly Northern Europeans, Eastern Africans, and Middle Eastern nomads.	Lactose	36-43	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
34630687-1	2021	Primary lactose intolerance is caused by a genetically programmed loss in lactase production after 5-6 years of age.	Lactose	8-15	lactase	Homo sapiens	74-81
34684536-14	2021	The number of circulating leukocytes and neutrophils, and the level of hs-C-Reactive Protein also decreased after 3 months of the meat-, lactose-, and gluten-free diet.	Lactose	137-144	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	74-92
34611916-0	2022	beta-galactosidase therapy can mitigate blood galactose elevation after an oral lactose load in GALM deficiency.	Lactose	80-87	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
34611916-4	2022	We incidentally found that beta-galactosidase might reduce blood galactose levels caused by lactose loading in GALM deficiency.	Lactose	92-99	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	27-45
34611916-7	2022	The add-on administration of beta-galactosidase significantly mitigated blood galactose elevations after lactose loading.	Lactose	105-112	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-47
34611916-10	2022	Therefore, beta-galactosidase could be a potential novel treatment agent for blood galactose elevation caused by lactose in patients with GALM deficiency.	Lactose	113-120	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-29
34473187-1	2021	The enzymatic synthesis of hybrid Lewis antigens including KH-1 (Lewis y-Lewis x-Lactose, Ley-Lex-Lac), Lewis a-Lewis x-Lactose (Lea-Lex-Lac), and Lewis b-Lewis x-Lactose (Leb-Lex-Lac) has been achieved using a facile enzymatic modular assembly strategy.	Lactose	81-88	potassium voltage-gated channel modifier subfamily F member 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
34745358-2	2021	The NF is a syrup containing >= 57% w/w GOS (w/w dry matter), consisting of different galactosyl residues linked to a terminal glucose by a beta-glycosidic bond and also containing lactose and the constituent monomers of lactose (galactose and glucose).	Lactose	221-228	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
34289055-5	2021	LCT encodes lactase which is fundamental for the digestion of lactose.	Lactose	62-69	lactase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
34289055-5	2021	LCT encodes lactase which is fundamental for the digestion of lactose.	Lactose	62-69	lactase	Canis lupus familiaris	12-19
34253356-12	2021	The SCS showed genetic correlations of -0.30 with the milk protein proportion, -0.56 with the lactose proportion and -0.52 with the casein index.	Lactose	94-101	SCS	Bos taurus	4-7
34630506-3	2021	Lactase non-persistent adults may develop symptoms of lactose intolerance when consuming dairy products.	Lactose	54-61	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
34425826-7	2021	Further deleting gal80 enabled the engineered strain to produce 26.63 g/L of 2"-FL with a yield of 0.85 mol/mol from lactose with sucrose as a carbon source in a fed-batch fermentation.	Lactose	117-124	transcription regulator GAL80	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	17-22
34490051-3	2021	The method relates to the synthesis of the highly-porous lactose with a particle size of ~35 mum, a mean pore width of ~30 nm, a BET surface area of 35.0561 +- 0.4613 m2/g, and a BJH pore volume of ~0.075346 cc/g.	Lactose	57-64	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	129-132
34463482-3	2021	Here, we present modular, direct, and specific sensors of bacterial kinase activity, including FRET-based sensors, as well as a synthetic transcription factor based on the lactose repressor (LacI) that has been engineered to respond to phosphorylation.	Lactose	172-179	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	191-195
34449115-1	2021	beta-Galactosidase is a critical exoglycosidase involved in the hydrolysis of lactose, the modification and degradation of glycoprotein in vivo.	Lactose	78-85	beta-galactosidase	Bombyx mori	0-18
34153681-3	2021	The aim of this study was to explore the cell-specific expression of the glucose transporter GLUT8 in mammary gland and evaluate its functionality for glucose transport, in order to confirm its role in lactose synthesis.	Lactose	202-209	solute carrier family 2 member 8	Homo sapiens	93-98
34126150-6	2021	The immobilized beta-galactosidase was employed in batch processes for lactose hydrolysis of skim milk and cheese whey, resulting in hydrolysis rates higher than 50% after 15 cycles of reuse.	Lactose	71-78	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	16-34
34221147-2	2021	The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) 3-FL but also contains D-lactose and its monomers, L-fucose and a small fraction of other related saccharides.	Lactose	100-109	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
34116091-0	2021	beta-Galactosidase mediated synthesized nanosupport for the immobilization of same enzyme: Its stability and application in the hydrolysis of lactose.	Lactose	142-149	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
34213850-2	2021	And yet, despite all this time, the lactose operon repressor, LacI, remains a subject of major interest.	Lactose	36-43	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	62-66
34223948-1	2021	The enzyme beta-galactosidase has great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its ability to perform the hydrolysis of lactose, a disaccharide present in milk and in dairy by-products.	Lactose	156-163	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	11-29
34266522-0	2021	(Efficacy and safety of lactase additive in preterm infants with lactose intolerance: a prospective randomized controlled trial).	Lactose	65-72	lactase	Homo sapiens	24-31
34266522-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and safety of lactase additive in improving lactose intolerance in preterm infants.	Lactose	77-84	lactase	Homo sapiens	47-54
34266522-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Lactase additive can safely and effectively improve the clinical symptoms caused by lactose intolerance in preterm infants.	Lactose	97-104	lactase	Homo sapiens	13-20
34438665-7	2021	The variation at the PRKAA2 gene was associated with the milk lactose concentration.	Lactose	62-69	5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2	Ovis aries	21-27
34225711-5	2021	This circuit can switch in functionality between the expression of beta-galactosidase and expression of L-lactate dehydrogenase in response to an intestinal lactose signal and intestinal pH signal, respectively.	Lactose	157-164	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	67-85
34225711-6	2021	We confirmed that the circuit functionality was efficient in bacterial cultures at a range of pH levels, and in preventing a drop in pH and beta-galactosidase activity after lactose administration to mice.	Lactose	174-181	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	140-158
34225711-8	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Due to its ability to flexibly adapt to environmental variation, in particular to stabilize colon pH and maintain beta-galactosidase activity after lactose influx, the tri-stable-switch circuit can serve as a promising prototype for the relief of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	161-168	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	127-145
34225711-8	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Due to its ability to flexibly adapt to environmental variation, in particular to stabilize colon pH and maintain beta-galactosidase activity after lactose influx, the tri-stable-switch circuit can serve as a promising prototype for the relief of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	260-267	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	127-145
35398746-5	2022	By integrating the Cu/NC NS with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and galactose oxidase (Gal Ox), a multienzyme cascade colorimetric sensing system was established for the detection of lactose and beta-Gal, which realizing the assay of lactose and beta-Gal in the linear ranges of 0.1-1.4 mM and 0.025-0.2 U/mL, respectively.	Lactose	182-189	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
34909646-5	2021	Results: After a 60 min-challenge with CM 1:10 v/v and fat/lactose-free CM 1:10 v/v, ASM significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to control (+67.04 +- 17.08% and +77.91 +- 1.34%, respectively), a condition that remained stable for 150 min post-treatment, whereas HM did not alter ASM contractility.	Lactose	59-66	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	85-88
34115184-2	2021	To make lactose-free dairy products, commercially available beta-galactosidase enzymes, also termed lactases, are used to break down lactose to its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.	Lactose	8-15	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
34115184-2	2021	To make lactose-free dairy products, commercially available beta-galactosidase enzymes, also termed lactases, are used to break down lactose to its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.	Lactose	133-140	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
34115184-3	2021	In this mini-review, the characteristics of lactase enzymes, their origin, and ways of use are discussed in light of their potential for hydrolyzing lactose.	Lactose	149-156	lactase	Homo sapiens	44-51
34115184-9	2021	Lastly, based on recent scientific achievements, we propose a novel, resource-efficient, and low-cost scenario for achieving lactose hydrolysis at a dairy plant using a LAB whole-cell lactase.Key points  Lactases (beta-galactosidase) are essential for producing lactose-free dairy products  Novel permeabilization techniques facilitate the use of LAB lactases  Whole-cell lactase catalysts have great potential for reducing costs and resources Graphical abstract.	Lactose	262-269	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	214-232
34115184-9	2021	Lastly, based on recent scientific achievements, we propose a novel, resource-efficient, and low-cost scenario for achieving lactose hydrolysis at a dairy plant using a LAB whole-cell lactase.Key points  Lactases (beta-galactosidase) are essential for producing lactose-free dairy products  Novel permeabilization techniques facilitate the use of LAB lactases  Whole-cell lactase catalysts have great potential for reducing costs and resources Graphical abstract.	Lactose	262-269	lactase	Homo sapiens	372-379
34220127-0	2021	Exogenous bovine somatotropin and mist-fan cooling synergistically promote the intramammary glucose transport for lactose synthesis in crossbred Holstein cows in the tropics.	Lactose	114-121	somatotropin	Bos taurus	17-29
34220127-2	2021	This study aimed to clarify the pathway of intramammary glucose utilization involved in mediating lactose synthesis during treatment with somatotropin under housing with misters and fans.	Lactose	98-105	somatotropin	Bos taurus	138-150
35413771-0	2022	Acceleration of lactose hydrolysis using beta-galactosidase and deep eutectic solvents.	Lactose	16-23	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
35413771-5	2022	The addition of up to 15% (v/v) of DES mixture composed of choline levulinate: ethylene glycol, enhanced more than threefold lactose hydrolysis yield by beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	125-132	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	153-171
35398746-5	2022	By integrating the Cu/NC NS with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and galactose oxidase (Gal Ox), a multienzyme cascade colorimetric sensing system was established for the detection of lactose and beta-Gal, which realizing the assay of lactose and beta-Gal in the linear ranges of 0.1-1.4 mM and 0.025-0.2 U/mL, respectively.	Lactose	233-240	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
35288286-9	2022	The hsa mutation of NDU1118 induced reduction of HA activity in untreated erythrocytes, but surprisingly increased lactose-inhibitable HA activity in neuraminidase-treated erythrocytes.	Lactose	115-122	albumin	Homo sapiens	4-7
35037383-8	2022	Extension to a three-step cascade is then demonstrated using a bioreactor composed of beta-galactosidase/GOx-loaded hemin/G4-modified ZIF-90 nanoparticles activating the cascaded oxidation of NOHA to citrulline, in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	231-238	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
35506864-4	2022	Herein, we have fabricated lactose-appended hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Lac-HPbetaCD) and evaluated its lowering effects on cholesterol accumulation in NPC model mice.	Lactose	27-34	lactase	Mus musculus	77-80
35065916-2	2022	This repression has been attributed to CRP-mediated inhibition of lac transcription and EIIAGlc-mediated inhibition of lactose transport (inducer exclusion).	Lactose	119-126	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	39-42
35587262-2	2022	A Leb hexasaccharide thioglycoside donor was chemically prepared through a linear approach starting from D-lactose.	Lactose	105-114	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	2-5
35507311-4	2022	Lactose intolerance is caused by absence or declining levels of the enzyme lactase.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	75-82
35631537-10	2022	By the co-milling of fine lactose and an additive, we tailored the SE and hence the adhesiveness of additional fine excipients.	Lactose	26-33	squalene epoxidase	Homo sapiens	67-69
2510499-1	1989	Using published data, largely from the 1970s, the author compared ovarian cancer incidence, per capita milk consumption, and population estimates of lactase persistence (the ability to digest lactose after infancy) in 27 countries.	Lactose	192-199	lactase	Homo sapiens	149-156
35106375-4	2022	In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group.	Lactose	178-185	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	44-46
35106375-4	2022	In this study, we synthesized several azido-GH analogs for evaluation, using galactose oxidase to selectively oxidize C6-OH of the terminal galactose or N-acetylgalactosamine on lactose, Gb3, Gb4, and SSEA3 into C6 aldehyde, which was then transformed chemically to the azido group.	Lactose	178-185	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-190
35495737-5	2022	Fusion of galectin-3 onto the C-terminus of NL-A, sfGFP-B, and mRuby-C endows the ternary complexes with lactose-binding affinity that can be tuned by varying the number of galectin-3 domains integrated into the complex from one to three, while maintaining BRET/FRET function.	Lactose	105-112	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	10-20
35495737-5	2022	Fusion of galectin-3 onto the C-terminus of NL-A, sfGFP-B, and mRuby-C endows the ternary complexes with lactose-binding affinity that can be tuned by varying the number of galectin-3 domains integrated into the complex from one to three, while maintaining BRET/FRET function.	Lactose	105-112	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	173-183
2512853-12	1989	The efficiency of hydrolysis of lactose by the immobilized lactase was better than that of the free enzyme.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	59-66
2512853-13	1989	The magnetic immobilized lactase was demonstrated to be suitable for use in the enzymatic hydrolysis of both pure, and cheese whey permeate, lactose.	Lactose	141-148	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
2510499-4	1989	The author speculates that toxicity from the lactose component of milk and, more specifically, galactose, the digestion of which is facilitated by lactase persistence, may provide a biologic basis for the correlation.	Lactose	45-52	lactase	Homo sapiens	147-154
2508486-1	1989	Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, a small intestinal disaccharidase, has been considered mainly an enzyme important only for the hydrolysis of lactose.	Lactose	138-145	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
2681167-2	1989	The recA analog promoted recombination between two partially deleted lactose operons, stimulated both spontaneous and mitomycin C-induced phage production in RecA- lambda lysogens, and restored near wild-type levels of resistance to UV radiation and methyl methanesulfonate.	Lactose	69-76	recombinase RecA	Vibrio anguillarum 775	4-8
2485006-1	1989	Lactase is an enterocyte brush-border membrane beta-glycosidase that splits lactose, the sugar of milk.	Lactose	76-83	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
2508486-9	1989	The developmental pattern of the enzyme activities for the glycolipid substrates was similar to that found for lactase, and the immunoprecipitated enzyme showed a 40- to 55-fold higher affinity for the glycolipids than for lactose.	Lactose	223-230	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	111-118
2614614-7	1989	We conclude that in many subjects with untreated celiac disease, lactase activity is sufficient for absorption and tolerance of the amount of lactose present in 250-300 ml cow"s milk.	Lactose	142-149	lactase	Bos taurus	65-72
2777042-1	1989	Individuals with sufficient intestinal lactase hydrolyze ingested lactose to galactose and glucose and these monosaccharides are absorbed.	Lactose	66-73	lactase	Homo sapiens	39-46
2777042-2	1989	Lactose is not digested completely when intestinal lactase activity is low and the disaccharide is malabsorbed.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	51-58
2511543-4	1989	Using a MAb to small intestinal L-Ph, we were able to immunoprecipitate from colon at different ages a protein that hydrolyzed lactose and phlorizin, and whose activity was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate.	Lactose	127-134	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
2602487-3	1989	Since the activity of the enzyme lactase is low in almost all species, lactose is fermented by colonic bacteria after it arrived in the cecum, thus producing hydrogen.	Lactose	71-78	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
2783142-5	1989	It is proposed that the alpha-lactalbumin Ca2+-binding site has the in vivo function of imposing Ca2+ regulation on the folding of nascent alpha-lactalbumin and thereby on lactose synthesis.	Lactose	172-179	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	24-41
2783142-5	1989	It is proposed that the alpha-lactalbumin Ca2+-binding site has the in vivo function of imposing Ca2+ regulation on the folding of nascent alpha-lactalbumin and thereby on lactose synthesis.	Lactose	172-179	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	139-156
2511543-11	1989	During early life, colonic L-Ph may function in the salvage of lactose not absorbed in the small intestine.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
18588124-0	1989	Effects of temperature on the hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase in a capillary bed reactor.	Lactose	44-51	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	67-85
18588124-1	1989	The effects of temperature on the hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase were studied in a continuous flow capillary bed reactor.	Lactose	48-55	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-89
18588125-0	1989	Lactose hydrolysis by immobilized beta-galactosidase in capillary bed reactor.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-52
18588125-1	1989	The hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase was studied in a continuous-flow capillary bed reactor operating at 30 degrees C. Solutions containing 50, 100, and 150 g lactose and 0.5 g sodium acetate/L were fed to the reactor.	Lactose	18-25	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
18588125-1	1989	The hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase was studied in a continuous-flow capillary bed reactor operating at 30 degrees C. Solutions containing 50, 100, and 150 g lactose and 0.5 g sodium acetate/L were fed to the reactor.	Lactose	182-189	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
2499174-0	1989	Relative efficiency of yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, hydrolyzed-lactose milk, and a commercial lactase tablet in alleviating lactose maldigestion.	Lactose	127-134	lactase	Homo sapiens	97-104
2503823-5	1989	The expressed GT activity is modulated by alpha-lactalbumin, which changes the acceptor specificity to glucose to synthesize lactose.	Lactose	125-132	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	42-59
2515252-2	1989	lactis 712 lacG gene encoding phospho-beta-galactosidase was isolated from the lactose mini-plasmid pMG820 and cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and L. lactis.	Lactose	79-86	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	11-15
2515252-3	1989	The low phospho-beta-galactosidase activity in L. lactis transformed with high-copy-number plasmids containing the lacG gene contrasted with the high activity found in L. lactis containing the original, low-copy-number lactose plasmid pMG820, and indicated that the original lactose promoter was absent from the cloned DNA.	Lactose	219-226	lacG	Lactococcus lactis	115-119
2515252-3	1989	The low phospho-beta-galactosidase activity in L. lactis transformed with high-copy-number plasmids containing the lacG gene contrasted with the high activity found in L. lactis containing the original, low-copy-number lactose plasmid pMG820, and indicated that the original lactose promoter was absent from the cloned DNA.	Lactose	275-282	lacG	Lactococcus lactis	115-119
2515252-8	1989	The homologous expression data and the sequence organization of the L. lactis lacG gene indicate that the gene is organized into a large lactose operon which contains an intergenic promoter located in an inverted repeat immediately preceding the lacG gene.	Lactose	137-144	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	78-82
2515252-8	1989	The homologous expression data and the sequence organization of the L. lactis lacG gene indicate that the gene is organized into a large lactose operon which contains an intergenic promoter located in an inverted repeat immediately preceding the lacG gene.	Lactose	137-144	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis	246-250
2499174-7	1989	Results of this study also indicate that microbial endogenous lactase in yogurt is superior to exogenous commercial lactase in alleviating lactose maldigestion.	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	62-69
2499174-7	1989	Results of this study also indicate that microbial endogenous lactase in yogurt is superior to exogenous commercial lactase in alleviating lactose maldigestion.	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	116-123
2526652-2	1989	Freeze-drying of trehalose, lactose, and myo-inositol with lysozyme resulted in substantial alterations of the infrared spectra of the dried carbohydrates.	Lactose	28-35	lysozyme C-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	59-67
2526652-6	1989	In complementary experiments, it was found that dehydration-induced shifts in the positions of amide I and amide II bands for lysozyme could be partially and fully reversed, respectively, when the protein was freeze-dried in the presence of either trehalose or lactose.	Lactose	261-268	lysozyme C-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	126-134
2648797-4	1989	Relief of the growth inhibition and the gastrointestinal infection susceptibility due to high dietary lactose levels can also be achieved by fermentation of milk lactose.	Lactose	102-109	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	157-161
2497632-3	1989	The aims of this double-blind study were 1) to evaluate lactose absorption after prolonged ingestion of yogurt and fermented-then-pasteurized milk (FPM) and 2) to assess the modification of the lactase activity of the duodenal mucosa.	Lactose	56-63	lactase	Homo sapiens	194-201
2497632-7	1989	These results suggest that in lactase-deficient subjects no adaptation occurs after eating yogurt or FPM and that the increased lactose absorption in yogurt must be mainly related to an intraluminal process.	Lactose	128-135	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
2497633-6	1989	However, the buffering capacity of the yogurt that protects bacteria from acidic gastric secretion also prevents microbial beta-galactosidase from hydrolyzing lactose in the duodenum.	Lactose	159-166	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	123-141
2648797-4	1989	Relief of the growth inhibition and the gastrointestinal infection susceptibility due to high dietary lactose levels can also be achieved by fermentation of milk lactose.	Lactose	162-169	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	157-161
2656765-8	1989	beta G levels were significantly correlated with populations of spirochetes, B. intermedius, B. gingivalis, and total lactose negative BPB"s.	Lactose	118-125	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	0-6
2568458-3	1989	Steady state flow was achieved for the mixture containing fine lactose which produced an extrudate of uniform moisture content at all extrusion rates except the lowest (5 cm min-1).	Lactose	63-70	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	174-179
2536691-4	1989	Moreover, fractionation of extracts of mouse 3T3 fibroblasts over an IgE-Sepharose affinity column showed that CBP35 bound to IgE; this binding was reversed by addition of lactose.	Lactose	172-179	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	111-116
2539851-14	1989	Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P less than 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P less than 0.05), catalase (P less than 0.01) and GSH-Px (P less than 0.001) activities.	Lactose	0-7	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-136
2539851-14	1989	Lactose feeding resulted in significantly increased cardiac CCO activity (P less than 0.001) but significantly decreased hepatic CuZnSOD (P less than 0.05), catalase (P less than 0.01) and GSH-Px (P less than 0.001) activities.	Lactose	0-7	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
2536691-6	1989	Furthermore, epsilon BP bound to IgE-Sepharose could be eluted by lactose.	Lactose	66-73	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
2536698-8	1989	In-frame insertion of the CKI coding frame into lacZ" on the pUC19 vector led to efficient expression of choline kinase in Escherichia coli cells in the presence of a lac inducer, isopropylthiogalactoside, proving that CKI is the structural gene for choline kinase.	Lactose	48-51	colicin K immunity protein	Escherichia coli	26-29
2536698-8	1989	In-frame insertion of the CKI coding frame into lacZ" on the pUC19 vector led to efficient expression of choline kinase in Escherichia coli cells in the presence of a lac inducer, isopropylthiogalactoside, proving that CKI is the structural gene for choline kinase.	Lactose	48-51	colicin K immunity protein	Escherichia coli	219-222
2492796-1	1989	The beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.32) of Corynebacterium murisepticum (inducible by lactose and galactose) was purified by successive column chromatography on Sephadex G-200, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and DEAE-cellulose (DE52).	Lactose	83-90	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
2522567-3	1989	The reaction product was hydrolyzed by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, indicating that the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue was beta-linked to lactose.	Lactose	136-143	beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta	Bos taurus	39-66
3144978-1	1988	alpha-Lactalbumin, the modifier protein of galactosyl transferase in the synthesis of lactose by the mammary gland, has been shown to undergo a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic shift.	Lactose	86-93	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	0-17
2684801-7	1989	Regulation of the MnSOD, through which the global SOD level in E. coli is modulated, has been studied using operon and protein fusions with the lactose operon, and led to the conclusion of a multicontrol of MnSOD.	Lactose	144-151	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
2691213-3	1989	Since the discovery that alpha lactalbumin, like galactosyltransferase, is a metalloprotein, there has been a great deal of interest in the metal-binding properties of this protein and how these relate to the metal-ion requirements of the lactose synthase reaction.	Lactose	239-246	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	25-42
2535481-1	1989	Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc (1) and Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta-SEt (2) were synthesized on a 100 mg scale by the transgalactosylation reaction of bovine testes beta-galactosidase with lactose as donor and N-acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc beta-SEt as acceptors.	Lactose	172-179	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	148-166
3404289-6	1988	Milk and lactose-free milk significantly reduced zinc absorption in both groups.	Lactose	9-16	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	22-26
3056524-0	1988	The lactose carrier of Klebsiella pneumoniae M5a1; the physiology of transport and the nucleotide sequence of the lacY gene.	Lactose	4-11	LacY	Klebsiella pneumoniae	114-118
3140651-13	1988	5) Whenever the lactose ingested exceeds the capacity of the intestinal lactase to split it into the simple sugars glucose and galactose, which are absorbed directly, it passes undigested to the large intestine.	Lactose	16-23	lactase	Homo sapiens	72-79
3048255-2	1988	This anti-lactogenic effect includes suppression of the advent of alpha-lactalbumin activity, an effect which prevents the formation of lactose.	Lactose	136-143	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	66-83
3155250-1	1988	The disaccharide lactose, the principal carbohydrate of animal milks, requires the enzyme lactase to split it to glucose and galactose.	Lactose	17-24	lactase	Homo sapiens	90-97
3138908-1	1988	The efficacy of lactase by Kluyveromyces lactis in hydrolyzing milk lactose and reducing milk intolerance symptoms was tested in 52 proved lactose malabsorbers.	Lactose	68-75	lactase	Homo sapiens	16-23
3138908-1	1988	The efficacy of lactase by Kluyveromyces lactis in hydrolyzing milk lactose and reducing milk intolerance symptoms was tested in 52 proved lactose malabsorbers.	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	16-23
3140651-1	1988	1) Most humans, like other mammals, gradually lose the intestinal enzyme lactase after infancy and with it the ability to digest lactose, the principle sugar in milk.	Lactose	129-136	lactase	Homo sapiens	73-80
3404289-3	1988	We performed four absorption tests on sixteen subjects with water (control), whole cow milk, lactose-free cow milk and lactose alone.	Lactose	93-100	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	110-114
2455904-0	1988	Characteristics of the early effect of prolactin on lactose biosynthesis in mouse mammary gland explants.	Lactose	52-59	prolactin	Mus musculus	39-48
3126737-4	1988	These results suggest that autophagically sequestered lactose and endocytosed beta-galactosidase were delivered to the same prelysosomal vacuole, where the lactose was hydrolysed by the enzyme.	Lactose	156-163	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-96
2455904-1	1988	These studies were carried out to characterize the early effect of prolactin (PRL) on lactose biosynthesis in cultured mammary gland explants derived from 12- to 14-day pregnant mice.	Lactose	86-93	prolactin	Mus musculus	67-76
2455904-1	1988	These studies were carried out to characterize the early effect of prolactin (PRL) on lactose biosynthesis in cultured mammary gland explants derived from 12- to 14-day pregnant mice.	Lactose	86-93	prolactin	Mus musculus	78-81
2455904-4	1988	The onset of the PRL stimulation of [3H]glucose incorporation into lactose occurred 6-8 hr after exposing the explants to PRL.	Lactose	67-74	prolactin	Mus musculus	17-20
2455904-4	1988	The onset of the PRL stimulation of [3H]glucose incorporation into lactose occurred 6-8 hr after exposing the explants to PRL.	Lactose	67-74	prolactin	Mus musculus	122-125
2455904-7	1988	The action of PRL on lactose biosynthesis requires both ongoing RNA and protein synthesis since puromycin, cyclohexamide, and actinomycin D abolished the PRL effect.	Lactose	21-28	prolactin	Mus musculus	14-17
2455904-7	1988	The action of PRL on lactose biosynthesis requires both ongoing RNA and protein synthesis since puromycin, cyclohexamide, and actinomycin D abolished the PRL effect.	Lactose	21-28	prolactin	Mus musculus	154-157
24241589-1	1988	Lactose utilisation by cucumber cell suspension cultures starts only after a long lag phase and is accompanied by an increase of an extracellular lactosespecific beta-galactosidase activity.	Lactose	0-7	uncharacterized protein LOC101217833	Cucumis sativus	162-180
2832941-1	1988	The elastin receptor complex contains a component of 67 kilodaltons that binds to a glycoconjugate affinity column containing beta-galactoside residues and is eluted from this column with lactose.	Lactose	188-195	elastin	Homo sapiens	4-11
2832941-2	1988	This protein component is also released from the surface of cultured chondroblasts by incubation with lactose, and its association with immobilized elastin is inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	102-109	elastin	Homo sapiens	148-155
2832941-2	1988	This protein component is also released from the surface of cultured chondroblasts by incubation with lactose, and its association with immobilized elastin is inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	172-179	elastin	Homo sapiens	148-155
2832941-3	1988	Since lactose also blocks elastic fiber formation by cultured chondroblasts, the galactoside-binding property of the elastin receptor is implicated in this process.	Lactose	6-13	elastin	Homo sapiens	117-124
3208286-1	1988	A lectin activity inhibitable by thiodigalactose, N-acetyllactosamine, lactulose, lactose and by an antibody raised against CLL I (chicken-lactose lectin I) has been investigated in the chick embryo developing kidney.	Lactose	41-48	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	2-8
2458292-9	1988	The binding of the antibody to OTF9-63 cells was inhibited to 50% by 10-50 microM N-acetyllactosamine and lactose.	Lactose	106-113	POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	31-35
2974355-0	1988	[Correction of dietary lactose intolerance by administration of liquid lactase].	Lactose	23-30	lactase	Homo sapiens	71-78
3146967-7	1988	The results here presented suggest that, in spite of the ontogenic fall of intestinal lactase in rats, these animals can, even after weaning, accommodate to high doses of dietary lactose, by using adaptative pathways which deserve further investigation.	Lactose	179-186	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	86-93
3147610-0	1988	Lactose hydrolysis and oligosaccharide formation catalyzed by beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	62-80
3281197-1	1988	In 18 short-term trials from the literature using dairy cows, somatotropin resulted in increased milk yield (+4.0 kg/d), increased fat, lactose and protein secretions, decreased dry matter intake (-0.5 kg/d) and decreased calculated energy balance (-4.2 Mcal/d).	Lactose	136-143	somatotropin	Bos taurus	62-74
3148989-3	1988	Lactose disappearance over a 20 cm length of intestine was used as the index of lactase activity.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	80-87
3148989-5	1988	There was linear correlation between the absorption of calcium and lactose: lactase-deficient subjects absorbed less calcium than lactase-normal subjects.	Lactose	67-74	lactase	Homo sapiens	76-83
2445469-5	1987	Lactose had no effect on the binding of the immunotoxin (IT) to the cells but nevertheless reduced strongly the toxicity to the LOX cells.	Lactose	0-7	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	128-131
18581545-1	1987	Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase (lactase) was investigated with respect to the formation of oligosaccharides.	Lactose	10-17	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	32-50
18581545-1	1987	Enzymatic lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase (lactase) was investigated with respect to the formation of oligosaccharides.	Lactose	10-17	lactase	Homo sapiens	52-59
2445469-9	1987	Concurrent treatment of the LOX cells with antibody and lactose acted synergistically and afforded complete protection.	Lactose	56-63	lysyl oxidase	Homo sapiens	28-31
3326305-0	1987	Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat-free milk and low-lactose fat-free milk in young type 1 diabetics.	Lactose	68-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
3329123-5	1987	The insulin response was significantly higher after the lactose and glucose meals than after the milk and fructose meals.	Lactose	56-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
3130173-0	1987	Dependency of lactose absorption on lactase activity in starved rats.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
3130173-4	1987	The higher specific lactase activity in the 72-h starved animals was reflected in enhanced absorption of lactose as determined by the transfer of the constituent monosaccharides into the serosal fluid.	Lactose	105-112	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	20-27
3130173-7	1987	This study shows that the increase of intestinal lactase activity induced by starvation of adult rats correlates with in vitro increased lactose absorption.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
3329123-7	1987	As lactose apparently was similarly absorbed from the two meals the difference in the insulin response was probably due to different insulinogenic effects of the protein components or to differences in the physical properties of the respective meals.	Lactose	3-10	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
3101480-0	1987	Lactose digestion by yogurt beta-galactosidase: influence of pH and microbial cell integrity.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-46
2437188-3	1987	The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose.	Lactose	100-107	ricin	Ricinus communis	22-27
2437188-3	1987	The 75/3B12 Fab bound ricin D with a Ka of 10(7) M-1, and this binding was blocked by asialofetuin, lactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine--molecules which interact with the ricin galactose-binding site--but not by fetuin, sucrose, or glucose.	Lactose	100-107	ricin	Ricinus communis	170-175
3104772-3	1987	This sequence, located between positions -435 and -326 from the start of translation, functions irrespective of its orientation and can confer lactose regulation to the heterologous CYC1 promoter.	Lactose	143-150	cytochrome c isoform 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	182-186
3300057-0	1987	Blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to fat free milk and low-lactose fat free milk in healthy human volunteers.	Lactose	68-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	25-32
3110392-0	1987	Efficacy of lactase-treated milk for lactose-intolerant pediatric patients.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
3103415-1	1987	Enhanced digestion of yogurt by lactose-intolerant individuals is believed to be due to inherent beta-galactosidase (lactase) in the culture organisms that aids in the hydrolysis of ingested lactose.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	117-124
3103415-1	1987	Enhanced digestion of yogurt by lactose-intolerant individuals is believed to be due to inherent beta-galactosidase (lactase) in the culture organisms that aids in the hydrolysis of ingested lactose.	Lactose	191-198	lactase	Homo sapiens	117-124
3103415-4	1987	Results indicate that both the reduction of lactose during fermentation and the presence of indigenous bacterial lactase are responsible for the increased ability to tolerate lactose in yogurt.	Lactose	175-182	lactase	Homo sapiens	113-120
3101480-1	1987	Lactase-deficient subjects more effectively digest lactose in yogurt than lactose in other dairy products, apparently due to yogurt microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) which is active in the GI tract.	Lactose	51-58	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-160
3101480-1	1987	Lactase-deficient subjects more effectively digest lactose in yogurt than lactose in other dairy products, apparently due to yogurt microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) which is active in the GI tract.	Lactose	51-58	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-150
3101480-1	1987	Lactase-deficient subjects more effectively digest lactose in yogurt than lactose in other dairy products, apparently due to yogurt microbial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) which is active in the GI tract.	Lactose	74-81	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-160
3509331-2	1987	Directly compressed tablets of SBP/lactose containing more than 40% of SBP did not disintegrate and kept their shape for long periods.	Lactose	35-42	sucrose-binding protein 2	Glycine max	71-74
3100344-6	1987	For example, administration of GH or GRF stimulates yields of milk, milk fat, protein, and lactose as much as 41% in cattle.	Lactose	91-98	growth hormone releasing hormone	Bos taurus	37-40
3509331-6	1987	Our results suggest that interaction between SBP, drug and lactose may influence the dissolution rate.	Lactose	59-66	sucrose-binding protein 2	Glycine max	45-48
3553256-10	1987	Improved lactose digestion appears due to autodigestion by microbial beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	9-16	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-87
3553259-7	1987	Changes in the irreversible loss and oxidation rates of two key metabolites, glucose and free fatty acids, can quantitatively account for increases in lactose and milk fat during the short-term administration of somatotropin.	Lactose	151-158	somatotropin	Bos taurus	212-224
3102945-3	1987	Transformants bearing GAL4 exhibited a 4.5-h generation time on galactose or lactose, versus 24 h for the nontransformed lac9 strain.	Lactose	66-73	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-26
3102945-6	1987	In addition to restoring lactose and galactose gene expression, GAL4 in K. lactis lac9 mutant cells conferred a new phenotype, severe glucose repression of lactose and galactose-inducible enzymes.	Lactose	25-32	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
3102945-0	1987	GAL4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates the lactose-galactose regulon of Kluyveromyces lactis and creates a new phenotype: glucose repression of the regulon.	Lactose	47-54	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
3102945-2	1987	When this strain was transformed with the GAL4 positive regulatory gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae it was able to grow on lactose or galactose as the sole carbon source.	Lactose	123-130	galactose-responsive transcription factor GAL4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	42-46
3118327-4	1987	It was established that pretreatment of milk with beta-galactosidase has a beneficial effect in adult lactose maldigestion, since it stops dyspeptic complaints and diarrhoea due to milk, it reduces the H2 content of expired air increases blood glucose concentration.	Lactose	102-109	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	50-68
3733704-2	1986	The three lectins, RL-14.5, RL-18, and RL-29, had a similar apparent affinity for lactose and associated with the same critical determinants, which included positions 4 and 6 of Gal and part of Glc.	Lactose	82-89	ribosomal protein L14	Homo sapiens	19-24
3771438-1	1986	Endogenous chicken muscle lectin isolated by lactose affinity chromatography inhibits myoblast fusion.	Lactose	45-52	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	26-32
3592622-2	1987	One skim-milk-based diet had its lactose enzymatically hydrolyzed by commercial beta-galactosidase to its constituent monosaccharides galactose and glucose, while the second skim milk diet was unaltered.	Lactose	33-40	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-98
3099784-0	1986	Identification of UDP-galactose: lactose (lactosylceramide) alpha-4 and beta-3 galactosyltransferases in human kidney.	Lactose	24-31	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
3094461-2	1986	A daily decline in urinary lactose:lactulose excretion ratios, reflecting a rise in intestinal lactase activity, followed formula feeding.	Lactose	27-34	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
3092418-1	1986	The adult lactase phenotype, lactose absorber or malabsorber, was determined using the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen assay in a group of young, healthy, male Turks.	Lactose	29-36	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Meleagris gallopavo	10-17
3092418-1	1986	The adult lactase phenotype, lactose absorber or malabsorber, was determined using the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen assay in a group of young, healthy, male Turks.	Lactose	87-94	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Meleagris gallopavo	10-17
2876071-2	1986	For lactose, a material which deforms by a mixed mechanism of particle fracture and plastic deformation at the contact points, the yield pressure increased and the SRS index decreased as particle size decreased, due to a reduction in the amount of fragmentation of the particles.	Lactose	4-11	Russell-Silver dwarfism	Homo sapiens	164-167
3093189-8	1986	EGF treatment caused a decrease in somatic weight gain, an increase in weight per unit length of bowel, an increase in lactose specific activity and an increase in net calcium transport.	Lactose	119-126	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
2428746-4	1986	The results show that lactose and thiodigalactoside were two of the best inhibitors of CBP binding to asialofetuin.	Lactose	22-29	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	87-90
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Lactose	18-25	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	104-122
3095634-11	1986	The carbohydrates lactose and oligosaccharides as supplements to breast milk are hydrolysed by lactase, sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Lactose	18-25	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	127-147
3529502-8	1986	Cellobiose and lactose, which have a beta(1-4) linkage to glucose molecule at the reducing end, inhibited insulin release stimulated by D-glucose.	Lactose	15-22	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	37-45
3529502-8	1986	Cellobiose and lactose, which have a beta(1-4) linkage to glucose molecule at the reducing end, inhibited insulin release stimulated by D-glucose.	Lactose	15-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
3089818-7	1986	The test procedure was verified with respect to intestinal lactose hydrolysis by demonstrating a linear relationship between lactose/lactulose excretion and log jejunal mucosal lactase activity by in vitro assay (R2 = 0.95) in a further group of subjects.	Lactose	59-66	lactase	Homo sapiens	177-184
3089818-7	1986	The test procedure was verified with respect to intestinal lactose hydrolysis by demonstrating a linear relationship between lactose/lactulose excretion and log jejunal mucosal lactase activity by in vitro assay (R2 = 0.95) in a further group of subjects.	Lactose	125-132	lactase	Homo sapiens	177-184
3084346-2	1986	Lactase activity in intact biopsies correlated with conventional assay of tissue homogenates (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001), and glucose uptake from 28 mM lactose was directly proportional to lactase activity (r = 0.95, p less than 0.001) in 21 subjects with normal lactase levels, six with hypolactasia (primary or secondary to coeliac disease) and two with lactose intolerance but normal lactase activity.	Lactose	358-365	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
3723258-8	1986	In celiac disease and in lactose intolerance--both mucosal disorders--a significant reduction of mean ARAT activity was found.	Lactose	25-32	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
2421291-4	1986	The distribution of two endogenous lactose-binding lectins, RL-14.5 and RL-29 (subunit Mrs of 14,500 and 29,000, respectively), was examined by immunoblotting and by immunocytochemistry in embryonic and postnatal rat DRG and spinal cord.	Lactose	35-42	ribosomal protein L14	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
3744442-2	1986	The CBP was eluted with lactose and it had a native molecular mass of 15,500 daltons.	Lactose	24-31	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	4-7
3744442-7	1986	Promyelocytic HL-60 cells, however, synthesized at least two lactose-eluted CBP"s corresponding to native molecular masses of 28,000 and 19,500 daltons.	Lactose	61-68	CREB binding protein	Homo sapiens	76-79
3707136-5	1986	alpha-Lactalbumins were purified from dolphin and dog milks and were active in promoting lactose synthesis by bovine galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	89-96	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	117-138
3085481-1	1986	The adult lactase phenotype, lactose absorber or malabsorber, was determined using the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen assay in a group of Tuareg, a traditionally nomadic pastoralist population in the central Sahara.	Lactose	29-36	lactase	Homo sapiens	10-17
3085481-1	1986	The adult lactase phenotype, lactose absorber or malabsorber, was determined using the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen assay in a group of Tuareg, a traditionally nomadic pastoralist population in the central Sahara.	Lactose	87-94	lactase	Homo sapiens	10-17
30959728-7	1986	Alteration of electrophoretic mobility of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was observed for alpha-lactalbumin in lactose-hydrolyzed WPC samples.	Lactose	115-122	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	94-111
3085362-3	1986	It showed that lactase activity and its decline in animals and humans is controlled genetically, but also that its phenotypic expression as lactose malabsorption is influenced by nongenetic factors: adaptation, biological (circadian) rhythmicity, hormones, gastrointestinal functions, and nutritional components can alter the response to lactose intake.	Lactose	140-147	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
4067042-3	1985	The principle of the Boehringer-Mannheim method is presented, i.e., lactose is hydrolyzed to glucose and beta-galactose in the presence of beta-galactosidase and water.	Lactose	68-75	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	139-157
4067776-4	1985	The hydrolysis rate of lactose was also normal (134.0 mumol min-1 30 cm-1).	Lactose	23-30	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-65
4029134-10	1985	The observed similarity between several of the proteins of guinea-pig and bovine MFGM implies that these proteins may have specific functions related to milk secretion in mammary tissue, e.g. in the budding of milk-fat globules or the exocytosis of milk protein and lactose at the apical surface.	Lactose	266-273	milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing	Bos taurus	81-85
4091829-2	1985	Lung galaptin bound to lung fibroblasts with a Kd of 190 nM, and this binding could be inhibited by 20 mM-lactose.	Lactose	106-113	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	5-13
3934358-2	1985	The present study is aimed at redefining lactase insufficiency by comparing intestinal lactase activity and results of the lactose breath hydrogen test.	Lactose	123-130	lactase	Homo sapiens	41-48
3934358-3	1985	Primary "insufficient" lactase activity was considered to be present when a child with a normal small bowel histology showed lactose malabsorption as measured by the lactose breath hydrogen test.	Lactose	125-132	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
3934358-3	1985	Primary "insufficient" lactase activity was considered to be present when a child with a normal small bowel histology showed lactose malabsorption as measured by the lactose breath hydrogen test.	Lactose	166-173	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
3934360-1	1985	To characterize the mechanisms leading to dietary evoked increases of lactase and sucrase activities by carbohydrates, we performed a quantitative comparison of the effects of lactose and sucrose on the corresponding disaccharidases in the jejunum of 2-month-old rats.	Lactose	176-183	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	70-77
4074731-0	1985	Physiological roles of zinc and calcium binding to alpha-lactalbumin in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	72-79	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	51-68
4074731-1	1985	Bovine apo-alpha-lactalbumin was shown to be severalfold more efficient than its calcium conformer as a cofactor in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	116-123	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	11-28
3836622-8	1985	This increase was more pronounced in the cecum, while the participation of the colon occurred significantly only with high concentrations of lactose (groups VI (L) and VII (L)).	Lactose	141-148	villin 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-171
3927048-9	1985	In addition, they catalyzed the N-acetyllactosamine synthetase reaction and, in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin, the lactose synthetase reaction.	Lactose	119-126	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	96-113
2987506-4	1985	Reversion to Lac+ promoted by ICR-191 results from the loss of a G residue from a GGG sequence located at the junction of lacZ and IS1.	Lactose	13-17	IS1	Homo sapiens	131-134
3929764-3	1985	Lactase hydrolyzes, besides lactose, cellobiose and the synthetic substrates, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactoside and beta-glucoside, as well as phlorizin; but it does not hydrolyze glucocerebroside.	Lactose	28-35	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
2412116-7	1985	Neuraminidase-treated cells incorporated sialic acid or its 7-carbon analog, 5-acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-L-arabino-2-heptulosonic acid (AcNeu7) from sialylated compounds such as fetuin or sialyl-lactose but did not incorporate free sialic acid.	Lactose	191-198	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
2412116-8	1985	Restoration of the WGA sialylreceptors in neuraminidase-treated cells, as determined by cell agglutination with WGA, was also obtained by incubation with fetuin or sialyl-lactose but not with free sialic acid.	Lactose	171-178	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	42-55
2579950-5	1985	Only one monoclonal antibody strongly inhibited cAMP binding by CRP, and this was accompanied by a consequent strong inhibition of both lac DNA binding and abortive initiation by RNA polymerase.	Lactose	136-139	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	64-67
3160874-0	1985	The presence of N-acetyllactosamine and lactose: beta (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in human urine.	Lactose	40-47	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	49-58
3160874-1	1985	Normal human urine was found to contain beta (1-3)N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalyzing the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-GlcNAc to N-acetyllactosamine and lactose.	Lactose	172-179	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	40-49
6378601-2	1984	Using highly specific antibodies raised against mouse caseins and alpha-lactalbumin, we demonstrate a selective enhancement of alpha-lactalbumin and lactose synthesis and secretion when all four hormones are present in the culture medium.	Lactose	149-156	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	66-83
3917601-3	1985	Lactose intolerance, assessed by breath hydrogen excretion after oral lactose and by jejunal lactase levels, was found in six patients.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	93-100
6439052-0	1984	Relation between dietary-induced increase of intestinal lactase activity and lactose digestion and absorption in adult rats.	Lactose	77-84	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
6439052-1	1984	To study the relation between dietary-induced increase of intestinal lactase activity and lactose absorption, 11-wk-old rats were fed either a high-starch (70 cal%), low-fat (7 cal%) diet or a low-starch (5 cal%), high-fat (73 cal%) diet for 7 days.	Lactose	90-97	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	69-76
6439052-6	1984	When Tris, an inhibitor of lactase, was added into the mucosal fluid, absorption of lactose was abolished and no effect was seen on glucose absorption (in vivo and in vitro).	Lactose	84-91	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	27-34
6439052-7	1984	In both experiments, significant linear regression was established between lactase activity and lactose absorption.	Lactose	96-103	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	75-82
6439052-8	1984	Our results thus show that the increase in lactase activity, induced by feeding a high-starch diet to adult rats, is accompanied by an increased capacity to hydrolyze lactose and absorb the constituent monosaccharides.	Lactose	167-174	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
6439078-5	1984	Immaturity of intestinal lactase may lead to problems of lactose intolerance, but there is recent evidence that lactase activity may be inducible by milk feeding.	Lactose	57-64	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
6396081-1	1984	The structure of complexes formed between cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and various restriction fragments from the promoter region of the lactose operon has been analysed by measurements of electrodichroism.	Lactose	136-143	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	42-63
6396081-1	1984	The structure of complexes formed between cAMP receptor protein (CRP) and various restriction fragments from the promoter region of the lactose operon has been analysed by measurements of electrodichroism.	Lactose	136-143	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
6380309-4	1984	Glucose was shown to mediate this effect by the ability of intragastric skimmed milk, lactose, galactose, or D-glucose to return ODC induction, and the inability of casein, sucrose, fructose, L-glucose, or pyruvate plus lactate to do so.	Lactose	86-93	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
6462229-1	1984	The lactose repressor protein from Escherichia coli binds sugars, primarily galactosides, which modulate its interactions with operator DNA and thereby affect synthesis of the lac metabolic enzymes.	Lactose	4-11	repressor	Escherichia coli	12-21
6477573-2	1984	A beta-galactoside-binding lectin was extracted from human placenta homogenate with lactose solution and purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-Sepharose.	Lactose	84-91	galectin 16	Homo sapiens	2-33
18553475-0	1984	Hydrolysis of milk lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase-hen egg white powder.	Lactose	19-26	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
6431971-2	1984	Within 12h, the increase in jejunal lactase activity in sucrose- and lactose-fed rats was accompanied by a corresponding increase in immunoreactive lactase protein.	Lactose	69-76	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
6431971-2	1984	Within 12h, the increase in jejunal lactase activity in sucrose- and lactose-fed rats was accompanied by a corresponding increase in immunoreactive lactase protein.	Lactose	69-76	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	148-155
6207095-3	1984	The trypsin-kallikrein inhibitor aprotinin was modified with lactose.	Lactose	61-68	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	33-42
6207095-6	1984	Glycation by lactose stabilizes aprotinin against denaturation by increased temperature.	Lactose	13-20	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	32-41
6709045-1	1984	alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a milk protein that interacts with the enzyme galactosyltransferase, modifying its substrate specificity in a way which promotes the transfer of galactose to glucose, resulting in a way which promotes the transfer of galactose to glucose, resulting in a beta-1----4 glycosidic linkage and the synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	179-186	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
6232613-4	1984	As a result Gin-catalyzed inversion from G(+) to G(-) can be monitored as a lactose-negative to lactose-utilizing switch.	Lactose	76-83	recombinase family protein	Escherichia phage Mu	12-15
6232613-4	1984	As a result Gin-catalyzed inversion from G(+) to G(-) can be monitored as a lactose-negative to lactose-utilizing switch.	Lactose	96-103	recombinase family protein	Escherichia phage Mu	12-15
6709045-1	1984	alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a milk protein that interacts with the enzyme galactosyltransferase, modifying its substrate specificity in a way which promotes the transfer of galactose to glucose, resulting in a way which promotes the transfer of galactose to glucose, resulting in a beta-1----4 glycosidic linkage and the synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	179-186	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	19-27
6537703-3	1984	The increase in basal fecal fermentation when mucin was added was similar for the stools with normal basal fermentation than for the stools with exaggerated basal fermentation; and the same happened when lactose was added.	Lactose	204-211	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	46-51
6417539-2	1984	We used breath hydrogen measurements to determine whether lactase-deficient subjects absorbed lactose in yogurt better than lactose in milk.	Lactose	94-101	lactase	Homo sapiens	58-65
6417539-5	1984	The enhanced absorption of lactose in yogurt appeared to result from the intraintestinal digestion of lactose by lactase released from the yogurt organisms.	Lactose	27-34	lactase	Homo sapiens	113-120
6417539-5	1984	The enhanced absorption of lactose in yogurt appeared to result from the intraintestinal digestion of lactose by lactase released from the yogurt organisms.	Lactose	102-109	lactase	Homo sapiens	113-120
6421683-5	1984	Lactose increased total nitrate reductase and urease activities in both age groups, but decreased total azoreductase and nitroreductase activities in weanlings.	Lactose	0-7	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-116
6537703-6	1984	It is extremely interesting that mucin, an endogenous substrate, that is, which is produced in the digestive tract, be as good a source for generation of gas by bacterial action as lactose, an exogenous substrate of recognized importance in the genesis of flatulence.	Lactose	181-188	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	33-38
6707296-5	1984	However, the increased lactase activity in the presence of bile indicates that these bacteria could function as a source of lactase to hydrolyze lactose in the small intestine even though the organisms themselves are not expected to grow in that environment.	Lactose	145-152	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
6088322-4	1984	Galactosyltransferase immobilized onto agarose through its sulfhydryl group retained its ability to catalyze the synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine and lactose.	Lactose	150-157	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	0-21
6707296-5	1984	However, the increased lactase activity in the presence of bile indicates that these bacteria could function as a source of lactase to hydrolyze lactose in the small intestine even though the organisms themselves are not expected to grow in that environment.	Lactose	145-152	lactase	Homo sapiens	124-131
30925647-6	1984	Beta-galactosidase was added and whey was held at 5 C for 18 h to hydrolyze the lactose.	Lactose	80-87	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
6422455-0	1984	[Method of determining the activity of beta-galactosidase with lactose as substrate].	Lactose	63-70	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	39-57
6422455-1	1984	A method for estimating beta-galactosidase activity (beta-D-galactosidase-galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) with lactose as substrate was developed.	Lactose	110-117	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-42
6352703-3	1983	Binding of insulin-ricin B to these cells could be displaced by lactose and ricin B, but not by insulin.	Lactose	64-71	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	11-18
6433203-6	1984	In the monoassociated animals, feeding of lactose leads to a further multiple increase of the chymal beta-galactosidase activity in the caecum, colon and faeces.	Lactose	42-49	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-119
6421860-3	1983	The beta-galactosidase activity in different parts of the intestinal tract of germ-free and control mice was determined and compared with a beta-galactosidase activity which degrades lactose at pH 8.5 and 5.0 and which corresponded with bacterial and host enzymatic activities, respectively.	Lactose	183-190	galactosidase, beta 1	Mus musculus	140-158
6364983-2	1983	Binding of the insulin-ricin B hybrid to minimal-deviation hepatoma cells occurred primarily through ricin-specified cell-surface carbohydrates (galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine) since 125I-insulin-ricin B binding to cells could be 90% displaced by 50 mM lactose.	Lactose	147-154	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
6361538-7	1983	Fru, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Man, Lac and Suc also had the ability to form mutagens in the browning reactions with amino acids.	Lactose	25-28	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	0-3
6361538-7	1983	Fru, Gal, Ara, Xyl, Man, Lac and Suc also had the ability to form mutagens in the browning reactions with amino acids.	Lactose	25-28	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	5-8
6419737-1	1983	alpha-Lactalbumin, a modifier protein that changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase, to promote the synthesis of lactose, is found in the mammary glands of lactating mammals and in milk.	Lactose	131-138	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
6419737-1	1983	alpha-Lactalbumin, a modifier protein that changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase, to promote the synthesis of lactose, is found in the mammary glands of lactating mammals and in milk.	Lactose	131-138	glycoprotein alpha-galactosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
6419737-4	1983	This finding suggests that alpha-lactalbumin or similar molecules, in addition to regulating lactose synthesis in the mammary gland, may have other important functions in mammalian reproduction.	Lactose	93-100	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	27-44
6308268-1	1983	From fluorescence measurements we could analyse the binding of cyclic adenosine 3",5"-monophosphate receptor protein (CRP) from Escherichia coli to its specific site on a 301 base-pair long DNA fragment containing the control region of the lactose operon.	Lactose	240-247	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	118-121
6408092-1	1983	The effect of lipids singly and in combination on the ability of galactosyltransferase to transfer galactose to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-forming lactosamine and to glucose forming lactose has been studied.	Lactose	101-108	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	65-86
6415880-1	1983	It is shown that segmented polyurethanes with D-lactose and D-maltose residues in the main polymer chain are subjected to a specific effect of enzymes: beta-galactosidase and alpha-amylase, respectively.	Lactose	46-55	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	152-170
6226355-9	1983	Methylation analysis of the products of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl transfer to N-acetyllactosamine [beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc] and lactose [beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc] revealed that the terminal, nonreducing D-galactosyl group in both these acceptors had been 3-O-substituted with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.	Lactose	145-152	galanin like peptide	Homo sapiens	111-115
6403404-4	1983	In the normal lactase group, the lactose prolonged the duration of absorption at a maximum rate and therefore increased the total fractional calcium absorption from 0.224 +/- 0.039 to 0.356 +/- 0.076 (p less than 0.001).	Lactose	33-40	lactase	Homo sapiens	14-21
6303578-2	1983	Prolactin was able to induce an increase in lactose synthetase activity, DNA synthesis, and prolactin-binding sites at moderate (i.e., physiological) concentrations of prolactin; at higher concentrations, desensitization of the tissues was observed for DNA synthesis and lactose synthetase activity, whereas the "down-regulation" of prolactin receptors occurred.	Lactose	44-51	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
6311045-1	1983	A fluorometric procedure for quantitating the amount of N-acetylneuraminic acid enzymatically released by the neuraminidase activity from N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose (sialyl-lactose) has been developed.	Lactose	157-164	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	110-123
6403404-7	1983	These results indicate that the effect of lactose on calcium absorption is dependent on intestinal lactase activity.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	99-106
7142179-6	1982	The Gal beta 1 to 3(4)GlcNAc alpha 2 to 3 sialyltransferase was found to bind to asialoprothrombin-agarose in the presence of CDP and could be eluted with a solution containing 0.2 M lactose and no CDP.	Lactose	183-190	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
6409948-0	1983	Lactobacillus acidophilus as a dietary adjunct for milk to aid lactose digestion in humans.	Lactose	63-70	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	59-62
6338349-7	1983	Lactose produced similar serum galactose, glucose and insulin responses to those seen after administration of equal quantities of galactose and glucose as monosaccharides.	Lactose	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
6638952-1	1983	The lactose content of a semisynthetic diet containing 45% of calories as nonfat milk powder was modified by enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-galactosidase or bacterial fermentation with yogurt cultures.	Lactose	4-11	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-153
11894929-1	1983	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to visualise and quantitate complexes between the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and DNA fragments containing the promoter region of either the E. coli galactose or lactose operons.	Lactose	223-230	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	116-143
11894929-1	1983	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to visualise and quantitate complexes between the Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) and DNA fragments containing the promoter region of either the E. coli galactose or lactose operons.	Lactose	223-230	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	145-148
6311045-2	1983	The liberated lactose is hydrolyzed with beta-galactosidase, and the released galactose is oxidized with galactose dehydrogenase and NAD+; finally, the NADH produced is measured by fluorometry (excitation at 340 nm and analysis of emitted light at 465 nm).	Lactose	14-21	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
6625955-0	1983	Gastric emptying of lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with low intestinal lactase activity.	Lactose	20-27	lactase	Homo sapiens	82-89
6625955-1	1983	To test the hypothesis that in subjects with low intestinal lactase activity (LLA) lactose solutions leaves the stomach at an abnormally fast rate, we have measured the gastric emptying rate of solutions of lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with LLA (n = 9) and in control subjects with high intestinal lactase levels (n = 7) as proved by the assay of disaccharidases in specimens of intestinal mucosa.	Lactose	83-90	lactase	Homo sapiens	60-67
7142179-6	1982	The Gal beta 1 to 3(4)GlcNAc alpha 2 to 3 sialyltransferase was found to bind to asialoprothrombin-agarose in the presence of CDP and could be eluted with a solution containing 0.2 M lactose and no CDP.	Lactose	183-190	cut-like homeobox 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
6816656-0	1982	Distribution of the adult lactase phenotypes--lactose absorber and malabsorber--in a group of 131 army recruits.	Lactose	46-53	lactase	Homo sapiens	26-33
6983402-5	1982	The effect of NTA-2 was inhibited by lactose whereas the effect of NTA-1 was not.	Lactose	37-44	nuclear encoded tRNA alanine 2 (anticodon AGC)	Mus musculus	14-19
6819345-0	1982	Kinetic constants of lactase of the small intestine of growing rats fully recovered from protein depletion, in relation to dietary protein and lactose concentration.	Lactose	143-150	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	21-28
7129483-3	1982	Moreover, mammary alveoli in culture retain sensitivity to lactogenic hormones; the synthesis of lactose by alveoli depends on the continued presence of insulin and either hydrocortisone or prolactin.	Lactose	97-104	prolactin	Mus musculus	190-199
7092339-3	1982	The urinary excretion of sialyl lactose showed a positive correlation with the serum levels of SAA and CRP in RA (r = 0.45 and r = 0.45, respectively, p less than 0.01) but not in SLE (r = 0.05 and r = 0.10 respectively).	Lactose	32-39	serum amyloid A1	Homo sapiens	95-98
7092339-3	1982	The urinary excretion of sialyl lactose showed a positive correlation with the serum levels of SAA and CRP in RA (r = 0.45 and r = 0.45, respectively, p less than 0.01) but not in SLE (r = 0.05 and r = 0.10 respectively).	Lactose	32-39	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	103-106
30866214-0	1982	A Regression Equation for Estimating Solids-Not-Fat From Fat, Protein and Lactose of Fluid Milk.	Lactose	74-81	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	91-95
6124279-3	1982	Assays of porcine pre-alpha-lactalbumin for activity on galactosyltransferase showed that the preprotein can also interact with and modify the specificity of the enzyme, as indicated by de novo synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	207-214	alpha-lactalbumin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-39
30866214-1	1982	A regression equation was developed for estimating solids-not-fat from fat, protein and lactose contents in fluid cow"s milk.	Lactose	88-95	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	120-124
6803351-1	1982	Inhibition of microbial enzymes in human dental plaque catalyzing the cleavage of the disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose was carried out with the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose.	Lactose	121-128	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	154-171
7098493-3	1982	The relative lack of the enzyme lactase in the rat results in the accumulation of lactose in the gut and probably by an osmotic effect, sets up conditions for the passage of a watery diarrhea.	Lactose	82-89	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	32-39
6804198-3	1982	Among peoples who have consumed milk in lactose-rich forms over a long historical period, there seems to have been a mutation for persistence of high lactase activity throughout life (PHLA), which distinguishes them from human populations of nonmilking tradition and from most land mammals.	Lactose	40-47	lactase	Homo sapiens	150-157
7200385-8	1982	Milk from control herds averaged 0.22 percentage points higher than case herds for each of average fat and lactose, and 0.16 percentage points higher for protein.	Lactose	107-114	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
6278415-6	1982	Under these conditions, we checked that CRP occupies the lactose control site and that upon addition of RNA polymerase, the corresponding promoter is readily activated.	Lactose	57-64	catabolite gene activator protein	Escherichia coli	40-43
24234080-2	1982	This means that partially hydrolyzed lactose syrups contain less of these intermediary products when the immobilized thermophilic lactase is used in the hydrolysis process than when a soluble lactase is used.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	130-137
24234080-2	1982	This means that partially hydrolyzed lactose syrups contain less of these intermediary products when the immobilized thermophilic lactase is used in the hydrolysis process than when a soluble lactase is used.	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	192-199
6173068-5	1982	90, 554--560) for the oriented attachment of immunoglobulins to lipid vesicles has been used to confer specific reactivity on liposomes by their conjugation with anti-lactose Fab" fragments derived from rabbit IgG antibody.	Lactose	167-174	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	175-178
6173068-9	1982	An intrinsic association constant of 8.9 x 10(6) M-1 was found for the attached Fab" compared to a value of 2.8 x 10(6) M-1 for free anti-lactose Fab".	Lactose	138-145	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	80-83
6173068-9	1982	An intrinsic association constant of 8.9 x 10(6) M-1 was found for the attached Fab" compared to a value of 2.8 x 10(6) M-1 for free anti-lactose Fab".	Lactose	138-145	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	146-149
6290283-10	1982	PGP shows no transferase activity towards glucose and fructose, and is even inhibited by 250 mM of lactose and lactic acid to 67 and 55%, respectively.	Lactose	99-106	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	0-3
6807827-3	1982	The age-specific prevalence of the lactose phenotypes indicated that lactase repression is complete at the age of 14 years in Egyptians.	Lactose	35-42	lactase	Homo sapiens	69-76
6819222-5	1982	Grouping of probands according to the birth-places of their grandparents revealed significant differences in the distribution of the lactase phenotypes in East and West Austria (East 25%, West 15% lactose malabsorbers).	Lactose	197-204	lactase	Homo sapiens	133-140
7056800-1	1982	Two lactose-binding lectins from chicken tissues, chicken-lactose-lectin-1 (CLL-1) and chicken-lactose-lectin-11 (CLL-11) were quantified with a radioimmunoassay in extracts of a number of developing and adult chicken tissues.	Lactose	4-11	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	20-26
7035469-1	1982	The two lactose-binding lectins found in adult chicken intestine, chicken-lactose-lectin-1 (CLL-1) and chicken-lactose-lectin-11 (CLL-11), were localized within the vesicles of the mucin-secreting goblet cells by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining methods.	Lactose	8-15	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	181-186
7056800-1	1982	Two lactose-binding lectins from chicken tissues, chicken-lactose-lectin-1 (CLL-1) and chicken-lactose-lectin-11 (CLL-11) were quantified with a radioimmunoassay in extracts of a number of developing and adult chicken tissues.	Lactose	58-65	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	66-72
7324920-2	1981	Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other.	Lactose	23-30	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
7319475-5	1981	Asialo-fetuin proved to be a much more potent inhibitor than lactose, in accordance with the in vitro experiments.	Lactose	61-68	alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	7-13
6271642-2	1981	Chloramphenicol-resistant revertants retaining a lactose operator in the CAT gene of plasmid pBR325.	Lactose	49-56	catalase	Homo sapiens	73-76
6115881-4	1981	The lectin activity associated with these structures was detected when isolated fimbriae were cross-linked with monoclonal antibodies to form immune complexes with agglutination activity for neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes, a reaction that was inhibited by lactose.	Lactose	266-273	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	191-204
7324920-4	1981	Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other.	Lactose	23-30	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
7324920-6	1981	Exclusion of dietary galactose and lactose in the two propositi resulted in a reduction of HbA1 levels to normal in one and towards normal in the other.	Lactose	23-30	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
6783389-1	1981	The differentiative functions, lactose synthetase activity and casein synthesis, can be induced in mammary gland explants from intact mice when insulin, cortisol, and PRL are present in the medium.	Lactose	31-38	prolactin	Mus musculus	167-170
6781877-1	1981	Hormonal induction of the lactose synthetase components, alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase, in relation to the induced levels of lactose synthetase activity and lactose secretion by mammary gland explants from mature virgin mice was examined.	Lactose	26-33	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	57-74
6781877-1	1981	Hormonal induction of the lactose synthetase components, alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase, in relation to the induced levels of lactose synthetase activity and lactose secretion by mammary gland explants from mature virgin mice was examined.	Lactose	139-146	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	57-74
6907272-4	1981	Strain CT-1 transports lactose by a lactose-inducible system that exhibited an apparent Km of 6 mM lactose and an apparent Vmax of 140 nmol/min per mg of cell protein.	Lactose	23-30	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
6787605-4	1981	Selection for Lac+ in E. coli yielded numerous deletions that fused the lacZ gene to the URA3 gene and flanking yeast sequences, to the bacterial tetracycline-resistance gene from the parent plasmid pBR322, and to the yeast 2-micrometer plasmid DNA.	Lactose	14-18	orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	89-93
6907272-4	1981	Strain CT-1 transports lactose by a lactose-inducible system that exhibited an apparent Km of 6 mM lactose and an apparent Vmax of 140 nmol/min per mg of cell protein.	Lactose	36-43	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
6907272-4	1981	Strain CT-1 transports lactose by a lactose-inducible system that exhibited an apparent Km of 6 mM lactose and an apparent Vmax of 140 nmol/min per mg of cell protein.	Lactose	36-43	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
6907272-7	1981	Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and lactose-dependent release of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate by benzene-treated CT-1 cells showed that CT-1 transports lactose by a phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.	Lactose	81-88	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
6907272-7	1981	Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and lactose-dependent release of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate by benzene-treated CT-1 cells showed that CT-1 transports lactose by a phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.	Lactose	81-88	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	186-190
6907272-7	1981	Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and lactose-dependent release of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate by benzene-treated CT-1 cells showed that CT-1 transports lactose by a phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.	Lactose	202-209	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
6907272-8	1981	Correlations between the growth rate of CT-1 on lactose and properties of the transport system indicated that transport is the rate limiting step in utilization of lactose.	Lactose	48-55	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
6907272-8	1981	Correlations between the growth rate of CT-1 on lactose and properties of the transport system indicated that transport is the rate limiting step in utilization of lactose.	Lactose	164-171	cardiotrophin 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
7305975-6	1981	A significant positive correlation (r = + 0.89) between the concentrations of alpha-lactalbumin and lactose was obtained for the first 20 days of lactation.	Lactose	100-107	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	78-95
7196409-12	1981	It is suggested that the decrease of alpha-la synthesis might induce an inhibition of lactose synthesis and milk production.	Lactose	86-93	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	37-45
6787801-0	1981	[Possibility of obtaining low-lactose infant dairy products by using beta-galactosidase].	Lactose	30-37	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-87
7305975-7	1981	This is consistent with the suggestion that alpha-lactalbumin may control the concentration of lactose in milk.	Lactose	95-102	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-61
7305975-8	1981	However, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.91) between the concentration of alpha-lactalbumin and lactose was obtained for 2 days after the cessation of lactation on day 20.	Lactose	107-114	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	85-102
6791978-6	1981	Tolerance to lactose was in close relation with the lactase level in 16 patients, the limit being at about 5 U/g protein.	Lactose	13-20	lactase	Homo sapiens	52-59
6793470-0	1981	Activity of beta-galactosidase in soil continuously supplemented with lactose.	Lactose	70-77	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	12-30
7448625-4	1980	Milk from control herds averaged 0.06 percentage points higher in butterfat, 0.19 percentage points higher in lactose and 0.05 percentage points lower in total protein.	Lactose	110-117	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
6253044-1	1980	Alpha-lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase secreted by the mammary epithelial cells, was isolated and purified from fresh human milk and injected into rabbits for antibody production.	Lactose	36-43	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	0-17
6256086-5	1980	Toxicity of the EGF-RTA conjugate on 3T3 cells was competed by EGF and was blocked by antibodies to RTA, but not by lactose or antibodies to the ricin B chain (RTB).	Lactose	116-123	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	16-19
6932503-7	1980	The binding of the radioactive MGP to bacterial cells was specifically inhibited by galactose, lactose and N-acetyllactosamine.	Lactose	86-93	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	31-34
7217878-6	1980	The lectin found in the embryonic skin showed specificity for lactose.	Lactose	62-69	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	4-10
6770051-6	1980	Neuraminidase activities toward fetuin, alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 3) lactose and alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 6) lactose were deficient in cultured fibroblasts.	Lactose	82-89	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
17249048-6	1980	(2) The Sd locus produces a certain product that, like an inducer in the lactose system of E. coli, tends to bind with the repressor complexed with the Rsp locus.	Lactose	73-80	rasp	Drosophila melanogaster	152-155
6968914-9	1980	Anti-Thy 1.2-ricin at 4 microgram/ml in the presence of lactose inhibits protein synthesis within 3.5 hr by 60-80% in EL-4 cells but does not affect Thy 1.1 alloantigen and HeLa cells that lack the Thy 1 antigen.	Lactose	56-63	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	5-12
6968914-10	1980	Anti-Thy 1.2-ricin in the presence of lactose selectively kills EL-4 cells at concentrations that do not kill AKR-K36 cells.	Lactose	38-45	thymus cell antigen 1, theta	Mus musculus	5-12
7391134-1	1980	A lactose-extractable lectin obtained from 14--16-d embryonic chick pectoral muscle and myotube muscle cultures by affinity chromatography inhibited myotube formation in culture.	Lactose	2-9	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	22-28
6252805-1	1980	Transposition of the lactose transposon Tn951 was found to still occur in the absence of its original host plasmid pGC1.	Lactose	21-28	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	115-119
6446239-5	1980	Deficient beta-gal activity was observed toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside, 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-galactoside (4 MU-beta-gal), lactose, GM1 ganglioside, keratan sulfate, and asialofetuin (ASF).	Lactose	135-142	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	10-18
6770051-6	1980	Neuraminidase activities toward fetuin, alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 3) lactose and alpha-N-acetylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 6) lactose were deficient in cultured fibroblasts.	Lactose	136-143	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
7356016-0	1980	Prolactin in human milk: correlation with lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin levels.	Lactose	42-49	prolactin	Homo sapiens	0-9
6766326-3	1980	15% of the lactose synthase activity of goat alpha-lactalbumin and 10% of its inhibitory power is lost in the initial phase, with corresponding losses of 65 and 30% in the second phase.	Lactose	11-18	alpha-lactalbumin	Capra hircus	45-62
6253923-1	1980	The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) stimulates transcription of the lactose operon by binding to the lac promoter.	Lactose	70-77	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	4-31
6253923-1	1980	The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) stimulates transcription of the lactose operon by binding to the lac promoter.	Lactose	70-77	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	33-36
6766957-1	1980	Elucidation of the details of lactose synthesis, in particular its dependence upon alpha-lactalbumin and its location within the lumen of the Golgi apparatus, now allows one to ask useful questions pertaining to its regulation.	Lactose	30-37	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	83-100
7356016-6	1980	Milk PRL concentrations showed a significant negative correlation (P less than 0.001) with milk lactose (r = -0.59) and positive correlations (P less than 0.01) with total milk protein (r = 0.49) and alpha lactalbumin (r = 0.33) estimations.	Lactose	96-103	prolactin	Homo sapiens	5-8
7356016-7	1980	We conclude that i) PRL is a normal constituent of human milk, ii) high concentrations of PRL are present in human milk for the first 3 days postpartum but subsequently fall rapidly, and iii) milk PRL levels correlate significantly with milk lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin values.	Lactose	242-249	prolactin	Homo sapiens	90-93
7356016-7	1980	We conclude that i) PRL is a normal constituent of human milk, ii) high concentrations of PRL are present in human milk for the first 3 days postpartum but subsequently fall rapidly, and iii) milk PRL levels correlate significantly with milk lactose, total protein, and alpha-lactalbumin values.	Lactose	242-249	prolactin	Homo sapiens	90-93
117700-4	1979	beta-Galactosidase activity was deficient in cultured fibroblasts using [3H]GM1 ganglioside and [3H]ceramide-lactose as substrates.	Lactose	109-116	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
7017279-1	1980	A lactose-binding lectin previously purified from embryonic chicken muscle and adult chicken liver, and here referred to as chicken-lactose-lectin-I (CLL-I), was added to sections of various adult chicken tissues to detect available binding sites.	Lactose	2-9	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	18-24
7017279-1	1980	A lactose-binding lectin previously purified from embryonic chicken muscle and adult chicken liver, and here referred to as chicken-lactose-lectin-I (CLL-I), was added to sections of various adult chicken tissues to detect available binding sites.	Lactose	132-139	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	140-146
7017279-6	1980	The distribution of CLL-I binding sites in intestine were mimicked by those of purpurin, another lactose-binding lectin.	Lactose	97-104	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	113-119
7458549-0	1980	[Determination of the lactose content of cow"s milk using a continuous autoanalyzer].	Lactose	22-29	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	47-51
7458549-1	1980	Milk-borne lactose levels were measured by means of a continuous automatic analyser on the basis of the o-toluidine method.	Lactose	11-18	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
7458549-3	1980	The technique enables one single person to test 400 milk samples for lactose in one working day.	Lactose	69-76	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	52-56
113373-0	1979	The biochemical and histochemical demonstration of lactase induction in fetal rat intestine by intra-amniotic injection of lactose.	Lactose	123-130	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	51-58
113136-2	1979	Neuraminidase activities using two substrates [alpha-L-N-acetylneuraminosyl(2 leads to 3)lactose and alpha-L-N-acetylneuraminosyl(2 leads to 6)lactose] were reduced in the supernatant and sedimentable fractions obtained in isotonic KCl.	Lactose	89-96	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
113136-2	1979	Neuraminidase activities using two substrates [alpha-L-N-acetylneuraminosyl(2 leads to 3)lactose and alpha-L-N-acetylneuraminosyl(2 leads to 6)lactose] were reduced in the supernatant and sedimentable fractions obtained in isotonic KCl.	Lactose	143-150	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
114246-4	1979	An enzyme thermistor filled with coimmobilized glucose oxidase and catalase was used to measure the amount of glucose in the outflow from a column reactor containing immobilized lactase acting on a lactose solution pumped through the reactor.	Lactose	198-205	lactase	Bos taurus	178-185
88558-3	1979	A similar action on human lactase could be a cause of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	54-61	lactase	Homo sapiens	26-33
113373-1	1979	A single dose of 20 mg beta-D-lactose injected into the amniotic sac of rats on day 17 of pregnancy induced an increase in lactase activity in fetal jejunum.	Lactose	23-37	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	123-130
113373-5	1979	Peak lactase values in fetuses receiving lactose were substantially higher than peak values in control fetuses.	Lactose	41-48	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	5-12
113373-6	1979	In both lactose-injected and non-injected rats which were allowed to deliver, there was a sharp drop in lactase values coincident with birth.	Lactose	8-15	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	104-111
16345399-5	1979	The possible complexity of the interrelationship between lactose metabolism and proteinase activity is presented.	Lactose	57-64	prtP	Lactococcus lactis	80-90
290997-1	1979	Bovine galactosyltransferase (lactose synthase; EC 2.4.1.22) which catalyzes the transfer of galactose from UDPgalactose to glycoproteins with N-acetylglucosamine as the terminal residue of their oligosaccharide side chains was used to label glycoproteins of mouse retina with [14C]galactose.	Lactose	30-37	N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase	Bos taurus	7-28
107790-2	1979	Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode.	Lactose	64-71	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
110764-0	1979	Lactose metabolism involving phospho-beta-galactosidase in Klebsiella.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-55
110764-1	1979	Klebsiella strain RE1755A is a Lac- Gal- mutant which has lost both of its lac operons, but possesses a gene specifying beta-galactosidase III, an enzyme which hydrolyzes o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside but does not hydrolyze lactose.	Lactose	233-240	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	120-138
110764-4	1979	Lactose utilization was shown to result from a pleiotropic mutation which also (i) permits galactose utilization and (ii) prevents induction of beta-galactosidase III synthesis by lactose.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	144-162
110764-5	1979	Evidence is presented suggesting that a phospho-beta-galactosidase enzyme is involved in lactose metabolism.	Lactose	89-96	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-66
107790-2	1979	Lactase activity was indirectly assessed by means of a standard lactose tolerance test (2 g lactose per kilogram of body weight) in 71 Peruvian Mestizo infants and children (age 5 to 55 months) who had suffered such an episode.	Lactose	92-99	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
435552-0	1979	[Interaction between ricin hemagglutinin and its ligands, galactose and lactose.	Lactose	60-67	ricin	Ricinus communis	21-26
452769-8	1979	In the genus Salmonella, ONPG-positive strains of sub-genus III and strains harboring a lactose-plasmid have a true beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	88-95	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	116-134
430254-0	1979	Effect of lactose on duodenal calcium-binding protein and calcium absorption.	Lactose	10-17	hippocalcin	Rattus norvegicus	30-53
430254-4	1979	In the lactose-fed rats, calcium-binding protein (CaBP), measured by a competitive binding assay following partial purification, was depressed on the average from 24 to 10 nmoles Ca bound per mg protein.	Lactose	7-14	hippocalcin	Rattus norvegicus	25-48
430254-4	1979	In the lactose-fed rats, calcium-binding protein (CaBP), measured by a competitive binding assay following partial purification, was depressed on the average from 24 to 10 nmoles Ca bound per mg protein.	Lactose	7-14	hippocalcin	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
430254-5	1979	The effect of the lactose ingestion can be likened to the effect expected from continued high calcium intake, i.e., a decrease in the efficiency of calcium absorption and a decrease in CaBP.	Lactose	18-25	hippocalcin	Rattus norvegicus	185-189
109279-8	1979	The level of alpha-lactalbumin, measured as lactose synthetase activity, found per ng epithelial DNA is the same as that found in explants from glands of euthyroid virgins.	Lactose	44-51	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	13-30
570376-5	1979	It is concluded that CMP has a deleterious effect on the jejunal mucosa of young infants recovering from infective enteritis, so that in the management of young infants with sugar intolerance secondary to infective enteritis, CMP and lactose should be excluded from the diet.	Lactose	234-241	matrilin 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
107582-2	1979	Postoperative lactose intolerance is due to the loss of pyloric function, causing entrance of lactose into the jejunum at a rate exceeding the hydrolytic capacity of the mucosa if the lactase level is low.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	184-191
439779-5	1979	However, absorption of galactose and lactose is significantly reduced (p less than 0.01/0.008) during somatostatin infusion.	Lactose	25-32	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	102-114
435552-7	1979	As  for ricin, the interaction between these secondary sites and lactose would be entropically driven.	Lactose	65-72	ricin	Ricinus communis	8-13
104299-5	1978	The Km for o-nitrophenyl galactoside is 0.35 mM and the Ki for lactose is 12 mM (similar to those of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase); the activity can be recovered after sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment; the enzyme is a tetramer (Mr of the monomer is 64,000).	Lactose	63-70	beta galactosidase	Drosophila melanogaster	118-136
108064-0	1979	[Relationship between the nature of beta-galactosidase in a culture of tobacco cells and experiments with transgenosis of the Lac+ trait of Escherichia coli].	Lactose	126-130	beta-galactosidase	Nicotiana tabacum	36-54
668697-3	1978	By correlation of these spectra and comparison with spectra of reference glycopeptides and sialyl-lactose isomers it was possible to assign all signals belonging to anomeric, mannose H-2, sialic acid H-3 and N-acetyl protons.	Lactose	98-105	H3 clustered histone 14	Homo sapiens	200-203
355890-1	1978	The promoter for a weakly expressed constitutive gene, the lactose repressor gene (lacI), has been sequenced, along with an "up" promoter mutation Iq.	Lactose	59-66	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	83-87
721897-2	1978	This lectin is a carbohydrate-binding protein that interacts with lactose and other saccharides, undergoes striking changes in specific activity with development, and has previously been purified by affinity chromatography from extracts of embryonic chick brain and muscle.	Lactose	66-73	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	5-11
676768-2	1978	After treatment of the diabetic goats with insulin for 4--5 days--the last 24 h intravenously--lactose secretion returned to the control values before alloxan administration provided that normoglycemia developed.	Lactose	95-102	insulin	Capra hircus	43-50
96823-0	1978	Regulation of the in vitro synthesis of the alpha-peptide of beta-galactosidase directed by a restriction fragment of the lactose operon.	Lactose	122-129	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-79
676768-3	1978	In 2 experiments infusion of a large dose of insulin caused hypoglycemia and a 20--30 per cent reduction in lactose secretion rates.	Lactose	108-115	insulin	Capra hircus	45-52
676768-6	1978	In the goats where lactose secretion was reduced due to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, lactose secretion returned to control values when following discontinuation of insulin infusion the plasma glucose concentrations increased into normal and diabetic ranges.	Lactose	19-26	insulin	Capra hircus	56-63
676768-6	1978	In the goats where lactose secretion was reduced due to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, lactose secretion returned to control values when following discontinuation of insulin infusion the plasma glucose concentrations increased into normal and diabetic ranges.	Lactose	86-93	insulin	Capra hircus	56-63
632257-1	1978	Lactose has been coupled to the lysine residues of the cross-linked dimer of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A by reductive amination with cyanoborohydride.	Lactose	0-7	ribonuclease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	95-107
418823-4	1978	Indeed, the electrophoretic pattern after sucrose or lactose feeding showed a marked increase of the protein bands corresponding to sucrase-isomaltase or lactase activities.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	154-161
208831-8	1978	These results suggest that the recepter site for prolactin is induced before the initiation of lactose synthesis caused by ovariectomy during pregnancy.	Lactose	95-102	prolactin	Mus musculus	49-58
346569-0	1978	Permease-specific mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli that release the glycerol, maltose, melibiose, and lactose transport systems from regulation by the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system.	Lactose	126-133	permease	Escherichia coli	0-8
99806-4	1978	Oral glucose tolerance tests indicated that the lactase activity was rate limiting for lactose absorption postoperatively.	Lactose	87-94	lactase	Homo sapiens	48-55
378546-5	1978	Milk consumption has been related to disease or conditions such as atherosclerosis, milk allergy, lactose intolerance, anemia, dental problems, and others.	Lactose	98-105	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
99389-5	1978	When the rats received a high lactose diet, the lactase of the jejunum is more active because of both the intestinal tissue development and a higher production of enzyme by protein unit.	Lactose	30-37	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
99389-8	1978	The flora of the animal which has not consumed lactose since weaning can develop a noticeable lactase activity after 7 hr of incubation in presence of lactose.	Lactose	151-158	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	94-101
619046-6	1978	The lactase activity of homogenates of the small intestine of rats fed the control or high lactose diet was 106 +/- 5 or 115 +/- 4 mg lactose/30 minutes/rat (P less than 0.05), respectively.	Lactose	91-98	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
619046-6	1978	The lactase activity of homogenates of the small intestine of rats fed the control or high lactose diet was 106 +/- 5 or 115 +/- 4 mg lactose/30 minutes/rat (P less than 0.05), respectively.	Lactose	134-141	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	4-11
26926-4	1978	Antisera have been obtained to bovine serum albumin conjugates containing reductively aminated cellobiose, lactose, and maltose.	Lactose	107-114	albumin	Homo sapiens	38-51
596013-1	1977	Differential diagnosis of enterobacteria is based on the determination of beta-galactosidase enzyme, hydrolyzing lactose in the nutrient substrates; however, the tests suggested for its determination are time consuming and their use in practice is limited.	Lactose	113-120	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	74-92
753594-6	1978	The findings suggest that the site where theophylline ingibits lactose synthesis may be in the translocation of substances, from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, e.g. the specifier protein alpha-lactalbumin which is essential to the lactose synthetase complex.	Lactose	63-70	alpha-lactalbumin	Cavia porcellus	210-227
753594-6	1978	The findings suggest that the site where theophylline ingibits lactose synthesis may be in the translocation of substances, from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, e.g. the specifier protein alpha-lactalbumin which is essential to the lactose synthetase complex.	Lactose	254-261	alpha-lactalbumin	Cavia porcellus	210-227
30736265-2	1977	The culture provides the enzyme lactase in the finished yogurt which has been reported to continue hydrolysis of lactose when the cells are lysed in the intestinal tract.	Lactose	113-120	lactase	Homo sapiens	32-39
410288-4	1977	1-14C-lactose breath test was superior to standard lactose tolerance test in specificity (P less than 0.05) and provided a satisfactory correlation between 14C-lactose absorption and lactase assay (r = 0.77).	Lactose	6-13	lactase	Homo sapiens	183-190
892609-3	1977	The PD evoked by 100 mM lactose was very significantly lower in patients with lactase levels below 4 units (lactase deficient) compared with subjects with normal lactase levels.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	78-85
329889-0	1977	Modification of tyrosine residues of the lactose repressor protein.	Lactose	41-48	repressor	Escherichia coli	49-58
329889-1	1977	Reaction of the lactose repressor protein from Escherichia coli with high molar excesses (up to 800 fold) of tetranitromethane resulted in modification of tyrosine residues in the amino-terminal and core regions of the molecule.	Lactose	16-23	repressor	Escherichia coli	24-33
892609-3	1977	The PD evoked by 100 mM lactose was very significantly lower in patients with lactase levels below 4 units (lactase deficient) compared with subjects with normal lactase levels.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	108-115
892609-3	1977	The PD evoked by 100 mM lactose was very significantly lower in patients with lactase levels below 4 units (lactase deficient) compared with subjects with normal lactase levels.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	108-115
892609-4	1977	There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.005) between the magnitude of the lactose potential (expressed as the ratio of the maximum glucose transfer potential) and the mucosal lactase level in the hypolactasic subjects but not in patients with normal lactase levels.	Lactose	100-107	lactase	Homo sapiens	201-208
892609-4	1977	There was also a significant correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.005) between the magnitude of the lactose potential (expressed as the ratio of the maximum glucose transfer potential) and the mucosal lactase level in the hypolactasic subjects but not in patients with normal lactase levels.	Lactose	100-107	lactase	Homo sapiens	276-283
407024-0	1977	[Influence of dietary lactose on the development of lactase activity in the digestive tract of the pig].	Lactose	22-29	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	52-59
16743049-11	1977	The protein alpha-lactalbumin modified the enzyme to a lactose synthetase by increasing substrate specificity for glucose in preference to N-acetylglucosamine and fetuin depleted of sialic acid and galactose.	Lactose	55-62	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	12-29
847713-1	1977	Histochemical lactase determination in connection with results from the peroral lactose test and evaluation of intestinal mucosal structure].	Lactose	80-87	lactase	Homo sapiens	14-21
402401-2	1977	In vivo, sequential addition of insulin (step 1), glucocorticoid (step 2), and prolcatin (step 3) leads to biosynthesis of casein and lactose.	Lactose	134-141	insulin	Bos taurus	32-39
845064-3	1977	The lactase activity found in these infants by the histochemical method correlated well with the infants ability to hydrolyze lactose judged by lactose tolerance test.	Lactose	126-133	lactase	Homo sapiens	4-11
845064-3	1977	The lactase activity found in these infants by the histochemical method correlated well with the infants ability to hydrolyze lactose judged by lactose tolerance test.	Lactose	144-151	lactase	Homo sapiens	4-11
576136-1	1977	Intestinal lactase activity was assessed indirectly in 156 American Indians by measuring breath hydrogen after an oral lactose load.	Lactose	119-126	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
576136-4	1977	Most lactase-deficient subjects (81%), but only a minority (23%) of lactase-sufficient subjects, developed symptoms after the oral lactose load, and among lactase-deficient subjects, symptoms occurred more frequently in adults than in children (P = 0.05).	Lactose	131-138	lactase	Homo sapiens	5-12
830644-8	1977	The spontaneous Lac- strain reverted to both full and partial lactose-fermenting phenotypes having FIII-lac, EII-lac, and P-beta-gal activities.	Lactose	62-69	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris	122-132
831386-1	1977	The intestinal lactase activity in six newborn jaundiced light-treated infants with diarrhea and in eight normal controls were compared by lactose tolerance test (LTT).	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
830644-9	1977	BC1 and DA2 Lac- mutants reverted only to the partial lactose-fermenting phenotype having P-beta-gal activity; EII-lac and FIII-lac activities were absent.	Lactose	54-61	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris	90-100
830644-11	1977	Evidence for a second chromosomally associated P-beta-gal gene operating in the partial lactose-fermenting revertants is also presented.	Lactose	88-95	phospho-beta-D-galactosidase	Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris	47-57
1069275-2	1976	The lambda plac 5 EcoRIDNA fragment containing the operator, promoter, and beta-galactosidase gene of the lactose operon was linked to the ColE1 derivative plasmid pSF2124, creating a plasmid designated pBGP100, pBGP100 contains one EcoRI site at the lac DNA/pSF2124 DNA junction and another at the lambda DAN/pSF2124 DNA junction.	Lactose	106-113	splicing factor proline and glutamine rich L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	164-167
897200-0	1977	The human lactase polymorphism: physiology and genetics of lactose absorption and malabsorption.	Lactose	59-66	lactase	Homo sapiens	10-17
1009073-4	1976	The lactose and glucose of both the all-milk-protein diet and the yeast diet were almost completely digested before the end of the ileum.	Lactose	4-11	casein beta	Bos taurus	40-52
883214-6	1977	Since in the lactose tolerance tests it is the total lactase activity, covering the entire surface of the small intestine that is recorded and subject to assessment are also possible changes, adaptive inclusive, of the gastro-intestinal tract motoricity, this test characterizes in the final analysis more correctly the tolerance of food products containing lactic sugar, than does direct determination of the lactase activity.	Lactose	13-20	lactase	Homo sapiens	53-60
1069275-2	1976	The lambda plac 5 EcoRIDNA fragment containing the operator, promoter, and beta-galactosidase gene of the lactose operon was linked to the ColE1 derivative plasmid pSF2124, creating a plasmid designated pBGP100, pBGP100 contains one EcoRI site at the lac DNA/pSF2124 DNA junction and another at the lambda DAN/pSF2124 DNA junction.	Lactose	106-113	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	306-309
1069275-2	1976	The lambda plac 5 EcoRIDNA fragment containing the operator, promoter, and beta-galactosidase gene of the lactose operon was linked to the ColE1 derivative plasmid pSF2124, creating a plasmid designated pBGP100, pBGP100 contains one EcoRI site at the lac DNA/pSF2124 DNA junction and another at the lambda DAN/pSF2124 DNA junction.	Lactose	106-113	splicing factor proline and glutamine rich L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	259-262
823866-9	1976	The evidence suggests that lactose-fermenting ability and proteinase activity in these organisms are mediated through two distinct plasmids having molecular weights of 8 x 10(6) to 10 x 10(6) for proteinase activity and 18 x 10(6) to 22 x 10(6) for lactose metabolism.	Lactose	27-34	prtP	Lactococcus lactis	196-206
189746-5	1976	A relationship existed between beta-galactosidase activity in vitro and lactose hydrolysis in vivo.	Lactose	72-79	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	31-49
821753-7	1976	Although alpha-lactalbumin can switch the specificity of A protein from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to D-glucose resulting in the production of lactose, no transfer of galactose was observed to beta(1 leads to 4)-linked glycose oligomers or to a collagen glycopeptide, D-glycopyranosyl-alpha(1 leads to 2)-D-galactopyranosyloxy-beta(1 leads to 5)-lysine.	Lactose	139-146	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	9-26
823866-9	1976	The evidence suggests that lactose-fermenting ability and proteinase activity in these organisms are mediated through two distinct plasmids having molecular weights of 8 x 10(6) to 10 x 10(6) for proteinase activity and 18 x 10(6) to 22 x 10(6) for lactose metabolism.	Lactose	249-256	prtP	Lactococcus lactis	58-68
818085-4	1976	Initial rate studies also indicate that alpha-lactalbumin may bind to either an enzyme-Mn2+-acceptor complex or an enzyme-Mn2+-UDP-galactose complex, suggesting that lactose synthesis also proceeds by a random equilibrium addition of substrates and alpha-lactalbumin.	Lactose	133-140	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	40-57
818085-11	1976	Thus, the large decrease in the Michaelis constant for glucose in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin, which is observed for lactose synthesis by the galactosyltranferase, is primarily the result of the high degree of synergism in the binding of alpha-lactalbumin and glucose to enzyme-Mn2+ complexes.	Lactose	123-130	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	82-99
818085-11	1976	Thus, the large decrease in the Michaelis constant for glucose in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin, which is observed for lactose synthesis by the galactosyltranferase, is primarily the result of the high degree of synergism in the binding of alpha-lactalbumin and glucose to enzyme-Mn2+ complexes.	Lactose	123-130	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	244-261
765339-0	1976	Kinetic studies of inducer binding to lactose repressor protein.	Lactose	38-45	repressor	Escherichia coli	46-55
1005366-0	1976	[Hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase].	Lactose	15-22	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	38-56
765339-1	1976	The kinetics of binding of the inducer, isopropyl-beta, D-thiogalactoside to lactose repressor from Escherichia coli was studied by stopped flow rapid mixing techniques.	Lactose	77-84	repressor	Escherichia coli	85-94
946157-1	1976	Inability to absorb lactose due to low intestinal lactase is common in many population groups.	Lactose	20-27	lactase	Homo sapiens	50-57
942792-4	1976	Lactase values were significantly higher in the lactose-injected group than in fetuses receiving glucose (Table 2), P less than 0.0005.	Lactose	48-55	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
942792-5	1976	Thus, fetal intestinal lactase activity can be increased by exposure to the substrate lactose during late fetal life.	Lactose	86-93	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	23-30
1256511-5	1976	The findings suggest that the mechanisms leading to low lactase activity in the congenital and adult forms of lactose intolerance are similar.	Lactose	110-117	lactase	Homo sapiens	56-63
799231-0	1976	Lactose reduction of milk by fiber-entrapped beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-63
808542-0	1975	On the interaction of alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase during lactose synthesis.	Lactose	73-80	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	22-39
811254-1	1975	We have attempted to detect binding of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to alpha-lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase, under conditions in which binding of NAG to lysozyme, a protein to which alpha-lactalbumin has a significant sequence homology, is observed.	Lactose	104-111	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	39-64
811254-1	1975	We have attempted to detect binding of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to alpha-lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase, under conditions in which binding of NAG to lysozyme, a protein to which alpha-lactalbumin has a significant sequence homology, is observed.	Lactose	104-111	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	68-85
811254-1	1975	We have attempted to detect binding of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) to alpha-lactalbumin, the B protein of lactose synthetase, under conditions in which binding of NAG to lysozyme, a protein to which alpha-lactalbumin has a significant sequence homology, is observed.	Lactose	104-111	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	60-63
809437-6	1975	The kinetic properties of both derivatives of alpha-lactalbumin containing up to 2 modified residues indicate that each derivative has decreased affinity for the galactosyltransferase but that at saturating concentrations, Km and Vmax for lactose synthesis are unchanged from those of native alpha-lactalbumin.	Lactose	239-246	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	46-63
1013647-1	1976	By affinity chromatography on Sepharose columns containing insolubilized ricinus agglutinin, all immunoglobulins of the IgA2 subclass and the polymers of IgA1 were retained and could be eluted with lactose.	Lactose	198-205	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
1214226-5	1975	Prolactin treatment increased milk [lactose] and [K] and decreased [Na] and [Cl] in late lactation, and thus reversed the normal changes in late lactation, but had no significant effect in established lactation.	Lactose	36-43	prolactin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-9
1214226-11	1975	It is suggested that prolactin in some way affects paracellular movements of ions and small molecules like lactose across the mammary epithelium, and that this mechanism is responsible for the changes in the composition of the aqueous phase of milk.	Lactose	107-114	prolactin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	21-30
808542-1	1975	The regulatory effect of alpha-lactalbumin in the lactose synthase system has been ascribed to its reversible association with a complex of galactosyltransferase with Mn2+ and UDP-galactose, prior to the binding of monosaccharides; the resulting complex has a higher affinity for various monosaccharides.	Lactose	50-57	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	25-42
1173737-9	1975	Significant improvement in absorption with 90% lactose hydrolyzed milk is seen in low lactase subjects.	Lactose	47-54	lactase	Homo sapiens	86-93
164897-4	1975	With different strains, higher cAMP levels are required for induction of the tryptophanase gene than one required for induction of the lactose operon.	Lactose	135-142	tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	77-90
1173737-10	1975	Lactose hydrolyzed milk may serve as an important alternative for food planners wanting to provide milk to high risk populations with low lactase levels.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	138-145
237067-1	1975	Two studies were conducted to establish the effects of dietary lactose supplied from dried whey on the lactase activity in the contents of the small intestine and cecum as well as the mucosa of the small intestine.	Lactose	63-70	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	103-110
237067-5	1975	Dietary lactose tended to increase the lactase activity in the contents of the cecum and small intestine, but the increases were not always statistically significant.	Lactose	8-15	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Sus scrofa	39-46
1128485-0	1975	[The treatment of lactose intolerance with lactase].	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Homo sapiens	43-50
1173735-2	1975	A gradation of lactase activity in the intolerant population may result in sufficient lactose hydrolysis to obviate symptoms and lead to continued milk consumption.	Lactose	86-93	lactase	Homo sapiens	15-22
1173735-7	1975	It appears that some lactose malabsorbing children may have sufficient, albeit lower, levels of lactase to hydrolyze moderate amounts of milk.	Lactose	21-28	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-103
1234085-8	1975	Lactase is an adaptive enzyme and rather easily induced by lactose load feeding in animals.	Lactose	59-66	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
1234092-3	1975	In animal experiments an increase of lactase activity by lactose load feeding and low calorie feeding resulted in a raise in the height of microvilli.	Lactose	57-64	lactase	Homo sapiens	37-44
164021-0	1975	Effect of a low-molecular-weight DNA binding protein, H1 factor, on the in vitro transcription of the lactose operon in Escherichia coli.	Lactose	102-109	DNA-binding protein	Escherichia coli	33-52
4374190-4	1974	In the presence of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, transfer to glucose (lactose synthesis) was catalysed.	Lactose	66-73	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	26-43
4373526-0	1974	The effects of beta-galactosidase activity and cyclic AMP on lactose-accelerated death.	Lactose	61-68	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	15-33
4206908-6	1974	The linked enzyme system, comprising beta-galactosidase immobilized within a nylon tube acting in series with glucose oxidase immobilized in a similar way, was used for the automated determination of lactose.	Lactose	200-207	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-55
4407879-0	1974	[Kallikrein and serotonin in the blood of patients with lactose intolerance].	Lactose	56-63	kallikrein related peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	1-11
4618960-0	1973	Plasma insulin response to oral lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	32-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
4362333-14	1973	It appeared that the increased lactose synthesis was largely accounted for by the increased lactose synthetase A protein activity and alpha-lactalbumin.	Lactose	31-38	lactalbumin, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	134-151
4618960-0	1973	Plasma insulin response to oral lactose and glucose-galactose in patients with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	54-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
4149947-12	1973	Results are consistent with acetyl-CoA carboxylase and perhaps acetyl-CoA synthetase representing the regulatory enzyme(s) in fatty acid synthesis, with lactose synthetase (alpha-lactalbumin) serving a similar function in lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	153-160	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	173-190
4796096-0	1973	Formation of oligosaccharides during beta-galactosidase action on lactose.	Lactose	66-73	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-55
4758970-0	1973	Intolerance of small amounts of lactose by individuals with low lactase levels.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	64-71
4747801-0	1973	Insulin dependence of milk formation and lactose biosynthesis.	Lactose	41-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
4729920-3	1973	The other, the soluble lysosomal enzyme, acid beta-galactosidase, having affinity for lactose and a synthetic beta-galactoside, shows a decrease in activity in the first three months of life and thereafter varies little in activity and represents the lactase enzyme in the adult horse.	Lactose	86-93	lactase	Equus caballus	251-258
4688151-0	1973	Effect of dietary lactose on intestinal lactase activity in young rats.	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	40-47
5567488-0	1971	Effect of lactose on the absorption of alkaline earth metals and intestinal lactase activity.	Lactose	10-17	lactase	Homo sapiens	76-83
4406193-0	1974	Hydrolysis of lactose in acid whey using beta-galactosidase immobilized on porous glass particles: preparation and characterization of a reusable catalyst for the production of low-lactose dairy products.	Lactose	14-21	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
4406193-0	1974	Hydrolysis of lactose in acid whey using beta-galactosidase immobilized on porous glass particles: preparation and characterization of a reusable catalyst for the production of low-lactose dairy products.	Lactose	181-188	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
4991355-0	1970	[Decoupled induction of "lactose" messenger RNA by an anti-inductor agnent of beta-galactosidase].	Lactose	25-32	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	78-96
5101161-0	1971	Studies on complex formation between alpha-lactalbumin and the UDPgalactose-glucose galactosyltransferase of the bovine lactose synthesizing enzyme.	Lactose	68-75	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	37-54
11947697-0	1970	Purification of lactose synthetase a protein from human milk and demonstration of its interaction with alpha-lactalbumin.	Lactose	16-23	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	103-120
5450083-0	1970	[Influence of secretin and pancreozymin on lactose digestion and water absorption in the rat].	Lactose	43-50	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	14-22
5117032-12	1971	The acid beta-galactosidase hydrolyses lactose as well as hetero beta-galactosides and contributes to the lactase activity of intestinal biopsies also when measured at pH 6.	Lactose	39-46	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	9-27
5117032-12	1971	The acid beta-galactosidase hydrolyses lactose as well as hetero beta-galactosides and contributes to the lactase activity of intestinal biopsies also when measured at pH 6.	Lactose	39-46	lactase	Homo sapiens	106-113
5006417-2	1969	After 5 to 8 weeks on a 30% lactose diet, a significant increase in jejunal lactase activity was observed.	Lactose	28-35	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
5774110-9	1969	Although not a lactase, this enzyme had a pH optimum identical with the missing lactase, and its activity was inhibited by lactose in a partially competitive manner suggesting that it is capable of binding lactose.	Lactose	206-213	lactase	Homo sapiens	80-87
5808320-6	1969	Since at all stages of pregnancy and lactation the B subunit, alpha-lactalbumin (which is also a milk protein), was rate-limiting, it is suggested that the rate of lactose synthesis may be linked to the rate of milk-protein synthesis.	Lactose	164-171	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	51-79
5808320-6	1969	Since at all stages of pregnancy and lactation the B subunit, alpha-lactalbumin (which is also a milk protein), was rate-limiting, it is suggested that the rate of lactose synthesis may be linked to the rate of milk-protein synthesis.	Lactose	164-171	casein alpha s2-like A	Mus musculus	211-223
5773110-1	1969	Lactose synthesis in the mammary gland is dependent on the hormonally controlled synthesis of the two protein components of lactose synthetase, alpha-lactalbumin and a galactosyltransferase.	Lactose	0-7	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	144-189
5774109-3	1969	Previous studies based on work in the rat and preliminary experiments with human intestine have suggested that two beta-galactosidases are present in small intestine, and it is believed that only one of these enzymes is a lactase important for the digestion of dietary lactose.	Lactose	269-276	lactase	Homo sapiens	222-229
5774109-11	1969	A second lactase, enzyme II, possesses slightly greater activity against lactose than for some synthetic substrates and is incapable of splitting cellobiose.	Lactose	73-80	lactase	Homo sapiens	9-16
5774110-10	1969	It is possible that this enzyme is a precursor or fragment of the missing lactase.The residual lactase activity provided by the lactase with low pH optimum represents 20-70% of the activity of the missing enzyme, and yet these patients are not able to digest dietary lactose.	Lactose	267-274	lactase	Homo sapiens	74-81
5774109-14	1969	Whereas human liver and kidney contain a beta-galactosidase with the same biochemical characteristics as intestinal enzyme II, enzymes I and III appear to be peculiar to intestine, and enzyme I most probably represents the lactase of importance in the mucosal digestion of dietary lactose.	Lactose	281-288	lactase	Homo sapiens	223-230
5774110-9	1969	Although not a lactase, this enzyme had a pH optimum identical with the missing lactase, and its activity was inhibited by lactose in a partially competitive manner suggesting that it is capable of binding lactose.	Lactose	123-130	lactase	Homo sapiens	80-87
5774110-10	1969	It is possible that this enzyme is a precursor or fragment of the missing lactase.The residual lactase activity provided by the lactase with low pH optimum represents 20-70% of the activity of the missing enzyme, and yet these patients are not able to digest dietary lactose.	Lactose	267-274	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
5774110-10	1969	It is possible that this enzyme is a precursor or fragment of the missing lactase.The residual lactase activity provided by the lactase with low pH optimum represents 20-70% of the activity of the missing enzyme, and yet these patients are not able to digest dietary lactose.	Lactose	267-274	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
5633099-0	1967	[Comparison between tissue levels of lactase activity in the jejunal small intestine, lactose load curves and clinical intolerance to milk and milk products].	Lactose	86-93	lactase	Homo sapiens	37-44
5353815-0	1969	The stimulation of lactase by feeding lactose.	Lactose	38-45	lactase	Homo sapiens	19-26
5407766-0	1969	Lactose synthesis as a function of prolactin dosage.	Lactose	0-7	prolactin	Homo sapiens	35-44
5722684-6	1968	The two ;acid" beta-galactosidase fractions had considerably lower K(m) values for hetero beta-galactosides than for lactose.	Lactose	117-124	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-33
5722684-17	1968	Lactose was a competitive inhibitor of the hetero beta-galactosidase activities of all the three fractions, and K(i) for lactose as an inhibitor in each case was the same as K(m) for the lactase activity.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-68
5238979-0	1968	The role of alpha-lactalbumin and the A protein in lactose synthetase: a unique mechanism for the control of a biological reaction.	Lactose	51-58	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	12-29
5748883-0	1968	Duration of prolactin-induced lactose synthesis.	Lactose	30-37	prolactin	Homo sapiens	12-21
6069916-6	1967	The yield of milk and lactose could be reduced within an hour by insulin (2 u./kg I.V.)	Lactose	22-29	insulin	Capra hircus	65-72
6069916-9	1967	In fasted or insulin treated goats an increase in milk and lactose secretion could be obtained within an hour by infusing glucose into the artery of one gland autotransplanted to the neck, which responded before the control gland in situ, thus showing that the effect of glucose is directly on the mammary tissue.6.	Lactose	59-66	insulin	Capra hircus	13-20
6007386-1	1966	Comparison of activities of beta-galactosidase at different concentration of substrates (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside and lactose) at different pH.	Lactose	126-133	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-46
5637367-6	1968	By gel filtration one acid beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose and the hetero-beta-galactosides at about the same rate, and one more neutral beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose much more rapidly than the hetero-beta-galactosides, were separated.	Lactose	59-66	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-45
14342241-18	1965	Feeding a lactose diet to infant rats from day 14 postnatally in the presence of the mother rat also slows down the decrease in beta-galactosidase activity and this is not found with a diet containing glucose and galactose instead of lactose.	Lactose	10-17	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-146
5637367-6	1968	By gel filtration one acid beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose and the hetero-beta-galactosides at about the same rate, and one more neutral beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose much more rapidly than the hetero-beta-galactosides, were separated.	Lactose	177-184	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-45
5637367-6	1968	By gel filtration one acid beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose and the hetero-beta-galactosides at about the same rate, and one more neutral beta-galactosidase, hydrolysing lactose much more rapidly than the hetero-beta-galactosides, were separated.	Lactose	177-184	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-163
5862402-9	1965	There was a greater randomization of (14)C in the glycerol than in C-1, C-2 and C-3 of the galactose moiety of lactose.	Lactose	93-100	complement C3	Bos taurus	80-83
14181537-0	1964	[ADAPTATION OF THE INTESTINAL LACTASE TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF LACTOSE IN THE ADULT RAT].	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	30-37
14006050-2	1962	Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis from acetate-1-C14 and mevalonate-2-C14 by lactose or succinylsulfathiazole-feeding in the rat.	Lactose	82-89	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
14019835-0	1962	The onset of lactose synthesis after injection of prolactin.	Lactose	13-20	prolactin	Homo sapiens	50-59
14034739-0	1963	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and aldolase in lenses of lactose-fed rats.	Lactose	60-67	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-33
13008443-2	1952	Properties of lactase preparations from a lactose utilizing and a lactose non-utilizing strain.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	14-21
13031678-0	1953	The formation of oligosaccharides during the lactase hydrolysis of lactose.	Lactose	67-74	lactase	Homo sapiens	45-52
14367399-0	1955	Comparison of the metabolism of C14-labeled lactose, glucose, and galactose in rats.	Lactose	44-51	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
13008443-2	1952	Properties of lactase preparations from a lactose utilizing and a lactose non-utilizing strain.	Lactose	66-73	lactase	Homo sapiens	14-21
16746259-3	1936	The effect of prolactin on lactose synthesis by the mammary gland.	Lactose	27-34	prolactin	Homo sapiens	14-23
16559901-0	1936	Dissociation and Lactase Activity in Slow Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria of Intestinal Origin.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	17-24
19869557-3	1929	The demonstration of the lactase and detection of the hexose products of its action constitute experimental evidence that hydrolysis of the disaccharide is the first step in the fermentation of lactose by colon bacilli.	Lactose	194-201	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
19872627-33	1931	The effects of starvation and of insulin furnish concordant proof for the theory that the lactose of milk is derived from the sugar of the blood.	Lactose	90-97	insulin	Bos taurus	33-40
33714824-9	2021	The concentration of fibrinogen increased after exposure to quartz diorite, while it decreased after exposures to rhomb porphyry and lactose.	Lactose	133-140	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	21-31
16992869-0	1906	On the presence of lactase in the intestines of animals and on the adaptation of the intestine to lactose.	Lactose	98-105	lactase	Homo sapiens	19-26
33988358-3	2021	Small-molecule galectin-3 inhibitors, which are generally lactose or galactose-based derivatives, have the potential to be valuable disease-modifying agents.	Lactose	58-65	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	15-25
33910736-5	2021	Herein, torsions were measured for cellooligosaccharides and lactose moieties complexed with proteins in the Protein Data Bank (PDB).	Lactose	61-68	B cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
34024534-0	2021	Prevalence of lactose intolerance and nutrients intake in an older population regarded as lactase non-persistent.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	90-97
34022292-2	2021	In the case of human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 (Gal-1), small angle neutron scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy have revealed a significant decrease of its gyration radius and increase of its diffusion coefficient upon binding lactose, posing the pertinent question on the nature and region(s) involved in the underlying structural alterations.	Lactose	256-263	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	48-58
34022292-2	2021	In the case of human adhesion/growth-regulatory galectin-1 (Gal-1), small angle neutron scattering and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy have revealed a significant decrease of its gyration radius and increase of its diffusion coefficient upon binding lactose, posing the pertinent question on the nature and region(s) involved in the underlying structural alterations.	Lactose	256-263	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
33606944-4	2021	In this review, we (a) explore allosteric communication in the lactose repressor LacI topology, (b) demonstrate how to leverage this understanding of allostery in the LacI system to engineer non-natural BUFFER and NOT logical operations, (c) illustrate how engineering workflows can be used to confer alternate allosteric functions in disparate systems that share the LacI topology, and (d) demonstrate how fundamental unit operations can be directed to form combinational logical operations.	Lactose	63-70	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	81-85
33979383-8	2021	RESULTS: The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors.	Lactose	141-148	ring finger protein 130	Homo sapiens	85-87
33606944-4	2021	In this review, we (a) explore allosteric communication in the lactose repressor LacI topology, (b) demonstrate how to leverage this understanding of allostery in the LacI system to engineer non-natural BUFFER and NOT logical operations, (c) illustrate how engineering workflows can be used to confer alternate allosteric functions in disparate systems that share the LacI topology, and (d) demonstrate how fundamental unit operations can be directed to form combinational logical operations.	Lactose	63-70	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	167-171
33606944-4	2021	In this review, we (a) explore allosteric communication in the lactose repressor LacI topology, (b) demonstrate how to leverage this understanding of allostery in the LacI system to engineer non-natural BUFFER and NOT logical operations, (c) illustrate how engineering workflows can be used to confer alternate allosteric functions in disparate systems that share the LacI topology, and (d) demonstrate how fundamental unit operations can be directed to form combinational logical operations.	Lactose	63-70	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	167-171
33937931-10	2021	The beta-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis immobilized in Duolite A568 is a promising technique to produce reduced or lactose-free dairy products, as it allows reuse of the biocatalyst, decreasing operational costs.Key Points  Immobilization of beta-galactosidase from Bacillus licheniformis in batch reactor  Influence of buffer pH and ionic concentration and offered enzyme activity on immobilization  Influence of glutaraldehyde on operational stability.	Lactose	126-133	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
33924433-4	2021	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were isolated on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar, containing cephalexin (50 mug/mL) or cefotaxime (2 mug/mL), and were characterized with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), replicon typing, and beta-lactamase typing analyses.	Lactose	105-112	EsbL	Escherichia coli	0-32
33946892-4	2021	The diagnosis and management of lactose intolerance (LI), a common condition with a strong inter-individual component, is explored as an interesting example for the potential role of these technologies and the challenges of PN.	Lactose	32-39	U6 snRNA biogenesis phosphodiesterase 1	Homo sapiens	224-226
33962190-7	2021	In ELISA-type assays with galectin-3, free glycomimetics exhibited up to 43-fold stronger inhibitory potency to Gal-3 than the lactose standard.	Lactose	127-134	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	112-117
33962190-8	2021	Coupling to human serum albumin afforded multivalent neo-glycoproteins with up to 4209-fold increased inhibitory potency per glycan compared to the monovalent lactose standard.	Lactose	159-166	albumin	Homo sapiens	18-31
33902174-10	2022	The phenotypic correlation of SCS to lactose content was negative and significant, while the correlation to protein content was positive and significant.	Lactose	37-44	SCS	Bos taurus	30-33
33840373-5	2021	Also, oar-miR-27a was shown negative correlation with milk protein and lactose contents while oar-miR-16b was shown negative correlation with milk yield in the high milk yield group.	Lactose	71-78	microRNA 27a	Ovis aries	6-17
32909036-5	2021	In this binding mode, the reducing end GalA beta-anomer of HGs takes the position of the nonreducing end galactose residue in lactose.	Lactose	107-114	galactosidase alpha	Homo sapiens	39-43
33612241-1	2021	Milk replacers (MR) formulated to contain more lactose than whole milk could potentially reduce insulin sensitivity in dairy calves.	Lactose	47-54	insulin	Bos taurus	96-103
33612241-13	2021	In conclusion, partially replacing lactose in MR with fat resulted in smaller fluctuations in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and tended to increase postprandial but not fasting insulin sensitivity in neonatal dairy calves.	Lactose	35-42	insulin	Bos taurus	119-126
33559978-4	2021	METHODS AND RESULTS: The binding and uptake of BLG from raw cow milk and heated either alone (BLG-H) or with lactose/glucose (BLG-Lac and BLG-Glu) to the receptors present on APCs were analysed by ELISA and cell-binding assays.	Lactose	109-116	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	47-50
33502742-1	2021	This study reports an alternative strategy for the expression of a recombinant L-AI from Enterococcus faecium DBFIQ E36 by auto-induction using glucose and glycerol as carbon sources and residual whey lactose as inducer agent.	Lactose	201-208	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	79-80
33502742-4	2021	L-AI presented a catalytic activity of 1.67 +- 0.14, 1.52 +- 0.01, and 0.7 +- 0.04 U/mL, when expressed using commercial lactose, lactose from whey, and IPTG, respectively.	Lactose	121-128	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	0-1
33502742-4	2021	L-AI presented a catalytic activity of 1.67 +- 0.14, 1.52 +- 0.01, and 0.7 +- 0.04 U/mL, when expressed using commercial lactose, lactose from whey, and IPTG, respectively.	Lactose	130-137	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	0-1
33502742-7	2021	Best results were achieved when enzyme expression was conducted using 4 g/L of residual whey lactose for 11 h. These results proved the efficacy of an alternative and economic protocol for the effective expression of a recombinant L-AI aiming its high-scale production.	Lactose	93-100	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	74-75
33502742-7	2021	Best results were achieved when enzyme expression was conducted using 4 g/L of residual whey lactose for 11 h. These results proved the efficacy of an alternative and economic protocol for the effective expression of a recombinant L-AI aiming its high-scale production.	Lactose	93-100	thrombopoietin	Mus musculus	231-232
33723582-1	2021	BACKGROUND: The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods issued a call for methods for the measurement of lactose in low-lactose and lactose-free products under SMPR 2018.009 (1).	Lactose	125-132	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	180-184
33723582-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The commercial Lactose Assay Kit (K-LOLAC) as developed by Megazyme meets the requirements set out under SMPR 2018.009.	Lactose	28-35	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	118-122
33656174-5	2022	beta-galactosidase is employed by many food industries to degrade lactose and improve the digestibility, sweetness, solubility and flavor of dairy products.	Lactose	66-73	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
33580170-5	2021	Competition studies and a docking model suggest that the 14D11 antibody competes with lactose for the carbohydrate binding pocket of Gal3.	Lactose	86-93	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	133-137
33825585-13	2021	In Caucasian men, the LNP genotype is associated with reduced milk intake and dairy products, but more fat-free mass and higher forearm circumference, which may be relevant to dietary management for lactose intolerant.	Lactose	199-206	lunapark, ER junction formation factor	Homo sapiens	22-25
33668968-0	2021	Stabilization of beta-Galactosidase on Modified Gold Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Biochemical Study to Obtain Lactose-Free Dairy Products for Lactose-Intolerant Individuals.	Lactose	110-117	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	17-35
33668968-0	2021	Stabilization of beta-Galactosidase on Modified Gold Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Biochemical Study to Obtain Lactose-Free Dairy Products for Lactose-Intolerant Individuals.	Lactose	142-149	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	17-35
33331135-4	2021	Contrast experiments revealed that the numbers of lactose unit and hydrazone linker were essential for assembly of THG-1 and detection of HOCl.	Lactose	50-57	TSC22 domain family member 4	Homo sapiens	115-120
32948350-10	2021	The urine-to-milk-lactulose/lactose ratio increased as a result of increased lactase activity with time.	Lactose	28-35	lactase	Homo sapiens	77-84
32871299-1	2021	In this work, one kind of zeolite imidazole frameworks containing bovine serum albumin stabilized Au nanoclusters (AuNCs), beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and glucose oxidase (GOx) (AuNCs/beta-Gal/GOx@ZIF-8) were obtained to detect lactose.	Lactose	230-237	albumin	Homo sapiens	73-86
33641987-1	2021	Proteolytic side activity of the lactase preparations (LPs) intended for ultra-high temperature hydrolyzed-lactose milk (UHLM) production induces changes in the product quality during shelf-life.	Lactose	107-114	lactase	Homo sapiens	33-40
33309364-5	2021	Results from our liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the GCN hydrolysate verified that lactose glycation occurred at the Lys residues in 3 casein components (alphaS1-casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein), and this resulted in the formation of 5 peptides with the following amino acid sequences: EMPFPKYPKYPVEPF, HIQKEDVPSE, GSENSEKTTMPL, NQDKTEIPT, and EGIHAQQKEPM.	Lactose	103-110	casein kappa	Rattus norvegicus	207-219
33576408-4	2021	METHOD: Non-resistant (digestible) starch is hydrolysed to glucose and maltose by pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase at pH 6.0 with shaking or stirring at 37  C for 4 h. Sucrose, lactose, maltose and isomaltose are completely hydrolyzed by specific enzymes to their constituent monosaccharides, which are then measured using pure enzymes in a single reaction cuvette.	Lactose	190-197	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	82-106
32525264-5	2021	Compared to galectin-1, -3 and -8, Gal-14 has two key amino acids (a histidine and an arginine) in the normally conserved, canonical sugar binding site are substituted by glutamine (Gln53) and histidine (His57), thus likely explaining why lactose binding to this lectin is very weak.	Lactose	239-246	galectin 14	Homo sapiens	35-41
32525264-6	2021	Lactose was observed in the ligand binding site of one Gal-14 structure, most likely because ligand binding is weak and crystals were allowed to grow over a long period of time in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 14	Homo sapiens	55-61
32525264-6	2021	Lactose was observed in the ligand binding site of one Gal-14 structure, most likely because ligand binding is weak and crystals were allowed to grow over a long period of time in the presence of lactose.	Lactose	196-203	galectin 14	Homo sapiens	55-61
33246605-12	2021	Milk protein yield was positively correlated with relative proportion of FLOT-1 in the soluble fraction, whereas lactose yield was positively correlated with relative proportion of CAV-1 in the DRM fractions.	Lactose	113-120	caveolin 1	Bos taurus	181-186
33309382-10	2021	Cows fed SP6 also produced more milk protein (+36 g/d), lactose (+61 g/d), and total solids (+94 g/d) than cows fed PT6.	Lactose	56-63	Sp6 transcription factor	Bos taurus	9-12
33434031-1	2021	This work describes the high capacity of MelA alpha-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 to transfer galactosyl residues from melibiose to the C6-hydroxyl group of disaccharide-acceptors with beta-linkages (lactulose, lactose, and cellobiose) or alpha-linkages (isomaltulose and isomaltose) to produce novel galactose-containing hetero-oligosaccharides (HOS).	Lactose	230-237	alpha-galactosidase	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	41-45
33011338-3	2021	The Gal-16 oligomer state was investigated by gel filtration, its hemagglutination activity was determined along with its ability to bind lactose using ITC.	Lactose	138-145	galectin 16	Homo sapiens	4-10
33427026-1	2021	Beta 1,4-galactosyltransferase-I gene (B4GALT1) is an important candidate gene for milk performance traits, encodes catalytic part of lactose synthesis.	Lactose	134-141	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	39-46
33427026-9	2021	Different genetic variants of B4GALT1 was significantly associated with 305 days milk yield, lactose, protein percent.	Lactose	93-100	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	30-37
33531972-2	2021	The NF is mainly composed of GOS, consisting of different galactosyl residues (two to nine) linked to a terminal glucose by a beta-glycosidic bond but also contains lactose and its monomers (galactose and glucose).	Lactose	165-172	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
33431823-7	2021	Lactose, an inhibitor by the binding with CRD of galectin-1 in extracellular matrix, did not affect adipocyte differentiation.	Lactose	0-7	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	49-59
32780837-3	2021	To test this, we calculated flexibilities ("DFI") and dynamic coupling ("DCI") for positions in the linker region of the lactose repressor protein ("LacI").	Lactose	121-128	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	149-153
33011338-6	2021	Lactose binding could be regained by replacing an arginine (Arg55) with asparagine, as shown in the crystal structures of two lactose-loaded Gal-16 mutants (R55N and R55N/H57R).	Lactose	0-7	galectin 16	Homo sapiens	141-147
33011338-6	2021	Lactose binding could be regained by replacing an arginine (Arg55) with asparagine, as shown in the crystal structures of two lactose-loaded Gal-16 mutants (R55N and R55N/H57R).	Lactose	126-133	galectin 16	Homo sapiens	141-147
33409472-3	2021	Aggregation of resulting (biomimetic) vesicles, alone or in combination with lactose, demonstrates bridging by a tissue lectin (galectin-4).	Lactose	77-84	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	128-138
33331444-1	2020	The present work aimed to develop and characterize HPMC-films (HFs) based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) with the addition of lactase for later application in the reduction of lactose in whole milk.	Lactose	184-191	lactase	Homo sapiens	134-141
33331444-5	2020	Thus, the HPMC-films with the addition of lactase can be considered as a good alternative for solubilization in foods which have a high concentration of lactose.	Lactose	153-160	lactase	Homo sapiens	42-49
32798366-6	2021	The recombinant beta-galactosidase showed comparable hydrolyzing properties towards lactose, N-acetyllactosamine, and pNP-beta-D-galactoside.	Lactose	84-91	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	16-34
33409472-6	2021	Structurally, sulfatide recognition by galectin-8 is shown to involve sphingosine"s OH group as substitute for the 3"-hydroxyl of glucose of lactose.	Lactose	141-148	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	39-49
33261611-5	2020	Milk consumption was proxied by a genetic variant (rs4988235 or rs182549) upstream of the gene encoding lactase, which catalyzes the breakdown of lactose.	Lactose	146-153	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
33197037-3	2020	Oxidative stress status was not significantly affected by 39  C. Expressions of CSN2, beta-GALT1, alpha-LA, and Akt genes tended to increase after the differentiation under 39  C. Secretion of lactose under 39  C was not significantly lower than 37  C. In conclusion, incubation temperature at 39  C does not dramatically affect lactogenic function of goat milk-derived MECs.	Lactose	193-200	casein beta	Homo sapiens	80-84
33197037-3	2020	Oxidative stress status was not significantly affected by 39  C. Expressions of CSN2, beta-GALT1, alpha-LA, and Akt genes tended to increase after the differentiation under 39  C. Secretion of lactose under 39  C was not significantly lower than 37  C. In conclusion, incubation temperature at 39  C does not dramatically affect lactogenic function of goat milk-derived MECs.	Lactose	193-200	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	112-115
32424849-9	2020	Galectin-1 induced interleukin (IL)-10 production in BMDMs, and the IL-10 production was abrogated by lactose, which inhibits the interaction of oligosaccharide-galectin binding.	Lactose	102-109	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
33069405-3	2020	The crystallization behavior of lactose was affected differently by the presence of all 3 acids and was mostly concentration dependent.	Lactose	32-39	paired box 5	Homo sapiens	84-89
32424849-9	2020	Galectin-1 induced interleukin (IL)-10 production in BMDMs, and the IL-10 production was abrogated by lactose, which inhibits the interaction of oligosaccharide-galectin binding.	Lactose	102-109	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	68-73
32966361-4	2020	135 of the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) from Brazil, dairy products labeled "lactose-free" must contain 1.0 mg mL-1 or less of this disaccharide.	Lactose	93-100	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	127-131
33490624-0	2021	Effect of lactase on symptoms and hydrogen breath levels in lactose intolerance: A crossover placebo-controlled study.	Lactose	60-67	lactase	Homo sapiens	10-17
33490624-1	2021	Background and Aim: The absence of lactase in the intestinal villi due to mucosal injury or genetic factors causes undigested lactose to reach the colon where it is fermented.	Lactose	126-133	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
33490624-4	2021	The aim was to study the effect of lactase chewable tablets on clinical symptoms and hydrogen breath excretion in patients with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	128-135	lactase	Homo sapiens	35-42
33490624-5	2021	Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled trial to study the effect of lactase tablets on symptoms and hydrogen breath levels in adults with lactose intolerance, confirmed by Lactose HBT.	Lactose	174-181	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
33490624-5	2021	Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover placebo-controlled trial to study the effect of lactase tablets on symptoms and hydrogen breath levels in adults with lactose intolerance, confirmed by Lactose HBT.	Lactose	208-215	lactase	Homo sapiens	104-111
33490624-11	2021	Conclusions: Orally supplemented lactase enzyme significantly reduced the clinical symptoms and hydrogen breath excretion in patients with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	139-146	lactase	Homo sapiens	33-40
32945902-2	2020	In the present study, we report the feasibility of inducing recombinant hG-CSF expression (rhG-CSF) in a pET vector system by combinatorial induction using low-concentration ethanol, IPTG, and lactose and auto-induction media (AIM).	Lactose	193-200	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	72-78
33193640-1	2020	Among people of European descent, the ability to digest lactose into adulthood arose via strong positive selection of a highly advantageous allele encompassing the lactase gene.	Lactose	56-63	lactase	Homo sapiens	164-171
33240437-2	2020	The NF is mainly composed of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide (HiMO) LNnT but also contains lactose, lacto-N-triose II (LNT II), para-lacto-N-neo-hexaose (para-LNnH) and other related carbohydrates.	Lactose	100-107	neurofascin	Homo sapiens	4-6
32729537-3	2020	This graphene device is functionalized with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the human galectin-3 (hGal-3) protein to detect the presence of lactose from the donor effect of lectin - glycan affinity binding on the graphene.	Lactose	151-158	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
32729537-3	2020	This graphene device is functionalized with a carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of the human galectin-3 (hGal-3) protein to detect the presence of lactose from the donor effect of lectin - glycan affinity binding on the graphene.	Lactose	151-158	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	109-115
32827291-1	2020	beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 (B4GalT4) is one of seven B4GalTs that belong to CAZy glycosyltransferase family 7 and transfer galactose to growing sugar moieties of proteins, glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans as well as single sugar for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	130-137	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	0-31
32846602-1	2020	Manufacturing shelf-stable Ultra-high temperature hydrolyzed-lactose milk (UHLM) is a challenge for dairy producers, as the product undergoes chemical changes during storage due to both reducing sugars reactivity and proteolysis arising from the impurity of the lactase preparations.	Lactose	61-68	lactase	Homo sapiens	262-269
32827291-1	2020	beta1,4-galactosyltransferase 4 (B4GalT4) is one of seven B4GalTs that belong to CAZy glycosyltransferase family 7 and transfer galactose to growing sugar moieties of proteins, glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans as well as single sugar for lactose synthesis.	Lactose	130-137	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	33-40
32278244-4	2020	The highest yields of GOS production with the lowest glucose concentration and highest GA production were obtained with lactose solution in multienzymatic systems in the presence of ultrasound (30% amplitude) when Gox was added after 1 h of treatment with beta-gal.	Lactose	120-127	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	214-217
32577949-6	2020	Besides, GRB7 silence resulted in the decrease of adenosine triphosphate content, glucose uptake, and lactose production in TC cells and attenuated the activity and expression of mitochondrial respiratory complex.	Lactose	102-109	growth factor receptor bound protein 7	Homo sapiens	9-13
32899182-1	2020	In humans the ability to digest milk lactose is conferred by a beta-galactosidase enzyme called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	96-123
32899182-1	2020	In humans the ability to digest milk lactose is conferred by a beta-galactosidase enzyme called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH).	Lactose	37-44	lactase	Homo sapiens	125-128
32715650-1	2020	Within this work, a new class of sequence-defined heteromultivalent glycomacromolecules bearing lactose residues and nonglycosidic motifs for probing glycoconjugate recognition in carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of galectin-3 is presented.	Lactose	96-103	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	221-231
32717858-1	2020	The synthesis of three water-soluble lactose-modified 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based photosensitizers with tumor-targeting capabilities is reported, including an investigation into their photodynamic therapeutic activity on three distinct cancer cell lines (human hepatoma Huh7, cervical cancer HeLa, and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines).	Lactose	37-44	MIR7-3 host gene	Homo sapiens	300-304
32335492-2	2020	beta-Galactosidase formulations can be added to infant milks prior to feeding to reduce the level of lactose and to avoid symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	101-108	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
32335492-2	2020	beta-Galactosidase formulations can be added to infant milks prior to feeding to reduce the level of lactose and to avoid symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	134-141	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
32423185-7	2020	Here, we confirm that unlike other vector systems based on the Lac operon, this expression system allows regulation of gene expression with lactose in the mammalian cells upon transfection.	Lactose	140-147	lactase	Homo sapiens	63-66
32505394-7	2020	We found that BGM readings were significantly affected by lower pH values at both lactose levels.	Lactose	82-89	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	64-66
32722136-4	2020	The potential as alpha-glucosidase inhibitors of products was evaluated with oral sucrose and lactose tolerance (OSTT and OLTT, respectively) and intestinal sucrose hydrolysis (ISH) tests; the potential as SGLT-1 inhibitors was evaluated using oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), intestinal glucose absorption (IGA), and urinary glucose excretion (UGE) tests.	Lactose	94-101	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	17-34
32708992-8	2020	Strong associations with SBP were observed for riboflavin (Beta(SE) = -1.49(0.38), P = 1.00 x 10-4) and tryptophan (-0.31(0.01), P = 5 x 10-4), while with DBP for alcohol (0.05(0.07), P = 1.00 x 10-4) and lactose (-0.05(0.0), P = 1.3 x 10-3).	Lactose	205-212	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
32600320-0	2020	Evaluation of breath, plasma, and urinary markers of lactose malabsorption to diagnose lactase non-persistence following lactose or milk ingestion.	Lactose	53-60	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-94
32708940-5	2020	SNP rs400874750 at PRLR gene (OAR16:39004070, intron 2) had a significant association with lactose content (p = 0.020), somatic cell score (p = 0.038), rennet coagulation time (p = 0.018) and curd firming time (p = 0.047).	Lactose	91-98	prolactin receptor	Ovis aries	19-23
32635246-4	2020	As a function of heating, beta-lactoglobulin was shown to become increasingly prone to denaturation, aggregation, and lactose conjugation.	Lactose	118-125	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	26-44
32476420-0	2020	Hydrolysis of lactose and transglycosylation of selected sugar alcohols by LacA beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1.	Lactose	14-21	glycoside hydrolase family 1 protein	Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1	80-98
31912425-3	2020	Thus, we presented an improved genetic circuit by introducing an artificial hybrid promoter PluxI-lacO combining PlacO originated from lactose promoter with QS regulatory promoter PluxI to control the expression of reporter gene rfp.	Lactose	135-142	tripartite motif containing 27	Homo sapiens	229-232
32560312-2	2020	Lactose is a common disaccharide found in dairy that requires lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) to break down into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	62-89
32560312-2	2020	Lactose is a common disaccharide found in dairy that requires lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) to break down into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	91-94
32560312-4	2020	Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, LPH expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract.	Lactose	52-59	lactase	Homo sapiens	102-105
32278557-5	2020	Fat, protein, and lactose contents of milk samples were 7.94%, 4.52%, and 4.80%, respectively.	Lactose	18-25	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	38-42
32272238-3	2020	In the current study, Lex, Ley, and KH-1 antigens with a lactose unit at the reducing end as a spacer were synthesized and coupled with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) protein.	Lactose	57-64	fucosyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	22-25
32227058-2	2020	Owing to the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on the membrane of hepatoma carcinoma cells, the conjugation of lactose on the surface of drug delivery systems has already shown significant advantages for targeting tumor cells.	Lactose	135-142	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	35-62
32443748-1	2020	Lactose intolerance (LI) is characterized by the presence of primarily gastrointestinal clinical signs resulting from colonic fermentation of lactose, the absorption of which is impaired due to a deficiency in the lactase enzyme.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	214-221
32443748-1	2020	Lactose intolerance (LI) is characterized by the presence of primarily gastrointestinal clinical signs resulting from colonic fermentation of lactose, the absorption of which is impaired due to a deficiency in the lactase enzyme.	Lactose	142-149	lactase	Homo sapiens	214-221
32227058-2	2020	Owing to the overexpression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) on the membrane of hepatoma carcinoma cells, the conjugation of lactose on the surface of drug delivery systems has already shown significant advantages for targeting tumor cells.	Lactose	135-142	asialoglycoprotein receptor 1	Homo sapiens	64-69
32284419-2	2020	The long-term success of cattle herding in Africa has been sustained by dynamic food systems, consumption of a broad range of primary and secondary livestock products, and the evolution of lactase persistence (LP), which allows digestion of lactose into adulthood and enables the milk-based, high-protein, low-calorie diets characteristic of contemporary pastoralists.	Lactose	241-248	lactase	Bos taurus	189-196
32290729-0	2020	Filling of lactose-based formulations in a tamping-pin capsule filler.	Lactose	11-18	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
32247441-1	2020	A growing number of consumers opt for plant-based milk substitutes for medical reasons, like cow"s milk protein allergy (CMPA), lactose intolerance (LI), or as a lifestyle choice.	Lactose	128-135	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	50-54
32180630-2	2020	Thus, in this work an efficient and minimally invasive method for the detection of lactose was proposed, using a biosensor containing the enzyme lactase (LAC) immobilised on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that, when reacting with lactose, emit an electrochemical signal.	Lactose	223-230	lactase	Homo sapiens	145-152
32357407-8	2020	The interaction between SCS and DSCC was important for lactose and casein index, as they varied differently upon high and low SCS and according to DSCC levels.	Lactose	55-62	SCS	Bos taurus	24-27
32357407-8	2020	The interaction between SCS and DSCC was important for lactose and casein index, as they varied differently upon high and low SCS and according to DSCC levels.	Lactose	55-62	SCS	Bos taurus	126-129
32326017-7	2020	The ratio was determined via enzymatic hydrolysis of the lactose moieties using beta-galactosidase and the subsequent detection of the released galactose.	Lactose	57-64	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-98
32057430-2	2020	The IgG/IgE binding capacity and structural characteristics of beta-LG after spray drying in the presence or absence of alpha-lactose at 120 and 180 C were investigated by ELISA and mass spectrometry.	Lactose	120-133	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	63-70
32057430-5	2020	When alpha-lactose was also present, 7 lysine side-chains in beta-LG were modified by glycation and the IgG/IgE binding capacity was further decreased.	Lactose	5-18	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	61-68
32180630-2	2020	Thus, in this work an efficient and minimally invasive method for the detection of lactose was proposed, using a biosensor containing the enzyme lactase (LAC) immobilised on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that, when reacting with lactose, emit an electrochemical signal.	Lactose	83-90	lactase	Homo sapiens	145-152
32180630-2	2020	Thus, in this work an efficient and minimally invasive method for the detection of lactose was proposed, using a biosensor containing the enzyme lactase (LAC) immobilised on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that, when reacting with lactose, emit an electrochemical signal.	Lactose	223-230	lactase	Homo sapiens	154-157
32180630-2	2020	Thus, in this work an efficient and minimally invasive method for the detection of lactose was proposed, using a biosensor containing the enzyme lactase (LAC) immobilised on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that, when reacting with lactose, emit an electrochemical signal.	Lactose	83-90	lactase	Homo sapiens	154-157
31904838-3	2020	Considerations include recognizing that a substantial proportion of the world"s adult population (65%-70%) exhibits lactase nonpersistence, a reduced ability to metabolize lactose to glucose and galactose.	Lactose	172-179	lactase	Bos taurus	116-123
32066852-5	2020	The hydrolysis of lactose over beta-galactosidase converted 95.77 +- 0.67% of lactose into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	18-25	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-49
32004536-5	2020	In addition, measurements of blood cytokine levels after repeat injection indicate that reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma,TNFalpha) are elicited in response to lipoplexes coated with lactose as compared to PEG.	Lactose	207-214	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	130-134
32004536-5	2020	In addition, measurements of blood cytokine levels after repeat injection indicate that reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma,TNFalpha) are elicited in response to lipoplexes coated with lactose as compared to PEG.	Lactose	207-214	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	136-145
32004536-5	2020	In addition, measurements of blood cytokine levels after repeat injection indicate that reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma,TNFalpha) are elicited in response to lipoplexes coated with lactose as compared to PEG.	Lactose	207-214	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	146-154
32004536-5	2020	In addition, measurements of blood cytokine levels after repeat injection indicate that reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-gamma,TNFalpha) are elicited in response to lipoplexes coated with lactose as compared to PEG.	Lactose	207-214	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	230-233
32066852-5	2020	The hydrolysis of lactose over beta-galactosidase converted 95.77 +- 0.67% of lactose into glucose and galactose.	Lactose	78-85	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	31-49
31711923-9	2020	RESULTS: Mice gavaged with lactose or fed fructo-oligosaccharides had increased abdominal sensitivity compared with controls, associated with increased numbers of mast cells in colon and expression of the receptor for AGER in proximal colon epithelium.	Lactose	27-34	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	218-222
32033203-4	2020	A novel short form of galectin-3 was isolated from Atlantic salmon skin mucus by alpha-lactose agarose based affinity chromatography followed by Sephadex G-15 gel filtration.	Lactose	81-94	Galectin-3	Salmo salar	22-32
31711923-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: We found that oral administration of lactose or fructo-oligosaccharides to mice increases abdominal sensitivity, associated with increased numbers of mast cells in colon and expression of AGER; these can be prevented with an antiglycation agent.	Lactose	50-57	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Mus musculus	201-205
31594574-2	2020	Firstly, we screened twenty-one lactose derivatives by cell-immobilized capillary electrophoresis and obtained Gu-4 with the best activity (K = 3.58 +- 0.22 x 104) targeting macrophage antigen-1 (Mac-1).	Lactose	32-39	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	174-194
31991555-0	2020	Multivalent Lactose-Ferrocene Conjugates Based on Poly (Amido Amine) Dendrimers and Gold Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Probes for Sensing Galectin-3.	Lactose	12-19	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	141-151
31991555-5	2020	The binding and sensing abilities toward galectin-3 of both ferrocene-containing lactose dendrimers and gold nanoparticles have been evaluated by means of isothermal titration calorimetry, UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry.	Lactose	81-88	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	41-51
31494342-2	2020	The main application of beta-galactosidase is related to the production of low-lactose and lactose-free milk and dairy products, which are now common consumer goods in supermarket shelves.	Lactose	79-86	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-42
31774080-6	2020	In an examination of hGal-1 in the lactose-bound form, structural changes owing to the release of substrate lactose were also observed upon disulfide bond formation.	Lactose	35-42	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
31774080-6	2020	In an examination of hGal-1 in the lactose-bound form, structural changes owing to the release of substrate lactose were also observed upon disulfide bond formation.	Lactose	108-115	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
31936522-8	2020	PhNah20A catalyzed the formation of LNT2, the non-reducing trisaccharide beta-Gal-1,4-beta-Glc-1,1-beta-GlcNAc, and in low amounts the beta-1,2- or beta-1,3-linked trisaccharide beta-Gal-1,4(beta-GlcNAc)-1,x-Glc by a transglycosylation of lactose using 2-methyl-(1,2-dideoxy-alpha-d-glucopyrano)-oxazoline (NAG-oxazoline) as the donor.	Lactose	239-246	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	135-144
31494342-2	2020	The main application of beta-galactosidase is related to the production of low-lactose and lactose-free milk and dairy products, which are now common consumer goods in supermarket shelves.	Lactose	91-98	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	24-42
31733871-17	2020	Of the milk constituents, milk lactose concentration had the greatest effect on MSD to conception, particularly when measured from 0 to 30 DIM.	Lactose	31-38	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	7-11
32009121-4	2020	Gal-2 was detected in the mouse gastric mucous fraction and could be eluted from it by the addition of lactose.	Lactose	103-110	lectin, galactose-binding, soluble 2	Mus musculus	0-5
32048961-6	2020	Four clinical subtypes of lactose intolerance may be distinguished, namely Lactase Deficiency in Premature Infants, Congenital Lactase Deficiency, Adult-type Hypolactasia and Secondary Lactase intolerance.	Lactose	26-33	lactase	Homo sapiens	75-82
31733871-17	2020	Of the milk constituents, milk lactose concentration had the greatest effect on MSD to conception, particularly when measured from 0 to 30 DIM.	Lactose	31-38	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	26-30
31733871-22	2020	Of the milk constituents measured, milk lactose concentration measured at 0 to 30 DIM had the greatest effect in determining fertility outcome when comparing cows at the 10th and 90th percentiles.	Lactose	40-47	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	7-11
31733871-22	2020	Of the milk constituents measured, milk lactose concentration measured at 0 to 30 DIM had the greatest effect in determining fertility outcome when comparing cows at the 10th and 90th percentiles.	Lactose	40-47	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	35-39
32659776-2	2020	We investigated a possible association between the regulatory rs140433552*CA>del variant of LCT and lactose intolerance (LI).	Lactose	100-107	lactase	Homo sapiens	92-95
31991434-5	2020	Several components of cow"s milk are suggested to stimulate growth: a high protein quality, bioavailable minerals that are important for growth, and perhaps lactose.	Lactose	157-164	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	28-32
31791350-11	2019	The odds of rapid decline in AMH was significantly reduced with higher intakes of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and calcium intakes from dairy sources, lactose and galactose.	Lactose	150-157	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	29-32
31718419-4	2020	The expression of IFNalpha2-Talpha1 fusion protein was optimized to higher level and its maximum expression was obtained in modified terrific broth medium when lactose was used as inducer.	Lactose	160-167	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	18-27
31791255-5	2019	This admixture was likely coupled with newly adopted herding practices, as it resulted in signatures of genetic adaptation in contemporary Fulani genomes, including the control element of the LCT gene enabling carriers to digest lactose throughout their lives.	Lactose	229-236	lactase	Homo sapiens	192-195
31791255-8	2019	We furthermore directly link the T-13910 haplotype with the Lactase Persistence phenotype through a Genome Wide Association study (GWAS) and identify another genomic region in the vicinity of the SPRY2 gene associated with glycaemic measurements after lactose intake.	Lactose	252-259	lactase	Homo sapiens	60-67
31791255-8	2019	We furthermore directly link the T-13910 haplotype with the Lactase Persistence phenotype through a Genome Wide Association study (GWAS) and identify another genomic region in the vicinity of the SPRY2 gene associated with glycaemic measurements after lactose intake.	Lactose	252-259	sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2	Homo sapiens	196-201
31791255-10	2019	We furthermore confirm the link between the lactose digestion phenotype in the Fulani to the MCM6/LCT locus by reporting the first GWAS of the lactase persistence trait.	Lactose	44-51	minichromosome maintenance complex component 6	Homo sapiens	93-97
31791255-10	2019	We furthermore confirm the link between the lactose digestion phenotype in the Fulani to the MCM6/LCT locus by reporting the first GWAS of the lactase persistence trait.	Lactose	44-51	lactase	Homo sapiens	98-101
31791255-10	2019	We furthermore confirm the link between the lactose digestion phenotype in the Fulani to the MCM6/LCT locus by reporting the first GWAS of the lactase persistence trait.	Lactose	44-51	lactase	Homo sapiens	143-150
31905734-1	2019	Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a major whey protein in bovine and other mammalian milk, which regulates synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	0-17
31905734-1	2019	Alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) is a major whey protein in bovine and other mammalian milk, which regulates synthesis of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	19-27
31905734-6	2019	Association analysis also showed that lactose content (p &lt; 0.05) was negatively correlated with fat and protein contents within subgroup, indicating that the SNPs (1847th, T/C) in alpha-LA gene could be used as a novel potential molecular marker for lactation traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows.	Lactose	38-45	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	183-191
31888122-7	2019	An abnormal increase in H2BT was revealed in 30% (35/118) of patients after fructose consumption and in 18% (20/114) of patients after lactose administration.	Lactose	135-142	H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	24-28
31791350-12	2019	Annual rate of AMH decline was inversely correlated with dairy products, milk, fermented dairy, fruits, dairy carbohydrate, dairy fat, dairy protein, total calcium and dairy calcium, lactose and galactose, and positively correlated with organ meats.	Lactose	183-190	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	15-18
31323443-1	2019	Dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) pretreatment and glycation with lactose were employed to modify alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) with respect to the IgE/IgG binding capacities.	Lactose	79-86	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	111-128
31323443-1	2019	Dynamic high-pressure microfluidization (DHPM) pretreatment and glycation with lactose were employed to modify alpha-Lactalbumin (alpha-LA) with respect to the IgE/IgG binding capacities.	Lactose	79-86	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	130-138
31611996-5	2019	XAV939 was revealed to decrease lactose dehydrogenase A (LDHA) expression in 3D cultured SW480 cells, but only exerted a small effect in the 2D culture.	Lactose	32-39	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	57-61
31430735-2	2019	The AuNPs on the surface of the Cu2O nanocrystals not only enhance the electrochemical performance, but also serve as the binding sites for the lactose ligand which can specifically bind with Gal-1.	Lactose	144-151	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	192-197
31711531-0	2019	Tim-3 signaling blockade with alpha-lactose induces compensatory TIGIT expression in Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected mice.	Lactose	30-43	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Mus musculus	0-5
31711531-16	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Tim-3 on lymphocytes negatively regulates cell-mediated immunity against Plasmodium infection, and blocking Tim-3-galectin 9 signaling using alpha-lactose did not significantly protect the mice; however, it induced the compensatory expression of TIGIT.	Lactose	154-167	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2	Mus musculus	121-126
31430735-0	2019	An amperometric biosensor based on Cu2O@Au nanocomposites for the detection of galectin-1 via lactose-galectin interactions.	Lactose	94-101	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	79-89
31718111-9	2019	When lactase expression decreases, lactose maldigestion may lead to lactose intolerance symptoms.	Lactose	35-42	lactase	Homo sapiens	5-12
31718111-9	2019	When lactase expression decreases, lactose maldigestion may lead to lactose intolerance symptoms.	Lactose	68-75	lactase	Homo sapiens	5-12
31718111-11	2019	In those who show an (epi)genetic decrease or absence of lactase expression, a certain amount (for adults mostly up to 12 g per portion) of lactose can still be consumed.	Lactose	140-147	lactase	Homo sapiens	57-64
31323387-10	2019	LACs carrying KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations were characterized by elevated expression of phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein in association with a pattern of mutual exclusivity with TP53 alterations.	Lactose	0-4	kelch like ECH associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
31323387-10	2019	LACs carrying KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations were characterized by elevated expression of phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein in association with a pattern of mutual exclusivity with TP53 alterations.	Lactose	0-4	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
31323387-10	2019	LACs carrying KEAP1/NFE2L2 mutations were characterized by elevated expression of phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein and phosphorylated ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein in association with a pattern of mutual exclusivity with TP53 alterations.	Lactose	0-4	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	249-253
31395344-1	2019	Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are currently attracting considerable interest as prebiotic substances and can be prepared by transgalactosylation reactions from lactose using beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	160-167	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	174-192
31625543-3	2019	The first unbiased identification of cellular endogenous lectins bound to lactose (galectin-1 and galectin-3) was achieved with chemical labelling on the affinity beads.	Lactose	74-81	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	83-93
31625543-3	2019	The first unbiased identification of cellular endogenous lectins bound to lactose (galectin-1 and galectin-3) was achieved with chemical labelling on the affinity beads.	Lactose	74-81	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	98-108
31625242-6	2019	The results demonstrated that lactose-jenny colostrum extender displayed significantly higher values (p &lt; .05) in nearly all parameters evaluated - Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL, VAP, LIN, STR and WOB -, compared with mare colostrum and egg yolk extenders after thawing.	Lactose	30-37	vinculin	Equus asinus	188-191
31421882-6	2019	Milk lactose concentration decreased, whereas fat and protein concentrations increased for cows milked 1x.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31260766-1	2019	beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) as dietary supplement has the ability to alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	93-100	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
31260766-1	2019	beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal) as dietary supplement has the ability to alleviate symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	93-100	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
31269795-1	2019	beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal), as a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, plays an important physiological role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds which convert lactose into galactose.	Lactose	166-173	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
31301837-8	2019	Milk protein percentage and yield and milk lactose percentage were least in cows fed CM with 21% starch compared with the other 3 diets, but feed efficiency was greater for cows fed CM with 21% starch.	Lactose	43-50	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	38-42
31490936-6	2019	Expression of the camel IFNepsilon cDNA in Escherichia coli gave a fusion protein band of 24.97 kDa after induction with either isopropyl beta-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside or lactose for 5 h. Recombinant IFNepsilon protein was overexpressed in the form of inclusion bodies that were easily solubilized and refolded using SDS and KCl.	Lactose	172-179	interferon epsilon	Camelus dromedarius	24-34
31475773-3	2019	Overexpression of E2F4 in BMECs resulted in the upregulation of beta-casein, triglyceride, and lactose levels and increased cell proliferation, whereas E2F4 knockdown by siRNA had the opposite effects.	Lactose	95-102	E2F transcription factor 4	Bos taurus	18-22
31269795-1	2019	beta-Galactosidase (beta-Gal), as a lysosomal hydrolytic enzyme, plays an important physiological role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds which convert lactose into galactose.	Lactose	166-173	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
30902269-0	2019	Design of combined crosslinked enzyme aggregates (combi-CLEAs) of beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase for the one-pot production of fructose syrup from lactose.	Lactose	157-164	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	66-84
31176856-6	2019	The best conditions for the immobilization of lactase and hydrolysis of lactose were achieved by applying FFCCRD, which were compared with experimental results.	Lactose	72-79	lactase	Homo sapiens	46-53
31405126-1	2019	Lactase persistence (LP) is a trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood, while lactase non-persistence (LNP) can cause lactose intolerance and influence dairy consumption.	Lactose	45-52	lactase	Bos taurus	0-7
31405126-1	2019	Lactase persistence (LP) is a trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood, while lactase non-persistence (LNP) can cause lactose intolerance and influence dairy consumption.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Bos taurus	97-104
31175813-0	2019	Lactose digestion in humans: intestinal lactase appears to be constitutive whereas the colonic microbiome is adaptable.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
31175813-1	2019	Globally, ~70% of adults are deficient in intestinal lactase, the enzyme required for the digestion of lactose.	Lactose	103-110	lactase	Homo sapiens	53-60
31175813-7	2019	Human studies that have attempted to induce intestinal lactase expression with different lactose feeding protocols have consistently shown lack of enzyme induction.	Lactose	89-96	lactase	Homo sapiens	55-62
30902269-1	2019	A new bi-enzymatic catalyst has been produced by precipitation and crosslinking (combi-CLEAs) of beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase for catalyzing the cascade reactions of lactose conversion into fructose, producing a lactose-fructose syrup (LFS).	Lactose	178-185	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-115
31155264-6	2019	Lactose percentage showed favorable (negative) genetic correlations with milk somatic cell score (SCS) and FRP, and it was almost uncorrelated with casein-related minerals (Ca and P) and coagulation properties.	Lactose	0-7	SCS	Bos taurus	98-101
31094416-5	2019	This is supported by the observation that addition of lactose, while significantly attenuating Gal-3 binding (primarily with the S-face) to CD146 eFL, does not abolish it.	Lactose	54-61	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	95-100
31255265-8	2019	The core material, lactase, was released from the microcapsules during 12-d storage, and 18.82 and 35.09% of lactose was hydrolyzed in the samples for HPMCP- and shellac-coated microcapsules, respectively.	Lactose	109-116	lactase	Homo sapiens	19-26
31094416-5	2019	This is supported by the observation that addition of lactose, while significantly attenuating Gal-3 binding (primarily with the S-face) to CD146 eFL, does not abolish it.	Lactose	54-61	melanoma cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	140-145
31319625-7	2019	A significant positive correlation (p &lt; 0.001, r &gt; 0.8) was demonstrated between AIRE and BreathTracker H2 values, after both lactose and milk challenges, although 26% of the AIRE readings demonstrated the maximum score of 10.0 AU.	Lactose	132-139	autoimmune regulator	Homo sapiens	87-91
31319625-8	2019	Based on our data, the cut-off value for LM diagnosis (25 ppm H2) using AIRE is 3.0 AU and it is effective for the identification of a response to lactose-containing foods in individuals experiencing LM, although its upper limit is only 81 ppm.	Lactose	147-154	autoimmune regulator	Homo sapiens	72-76
31234374-5	2019	However, ewes with PRL AA genotype showed higher milk production, beta-LG AB was associated with lowest fat%, high solid not fat (SNF)%, protein%, and lactose%.	Lactose	151-158	beta-lactoglobulin-1/B	Ovis aries	66-73
31115633-8	2019	Heterologous over-expression of D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) in the recombinant strain L. lactis TSG1 resulted in 0.67 g g-1 and 0.44 g g-1 of D-LA yield from lactose and galactose, respectively.	Lactose	161-168	dld	Lactococcus lactis	32-55
31115633-8	2019	Heterologous over-expression of D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) in the recombinant strain L. lactis TSG1 resulted in 0.67 g g-1 and 0.44 g g-1 of D-LA yield from lactose and galactose, respectively.	Lactose	161-168	dld	Lactococcus lactis	57-61
30986666-8	2019	Over longer periods, StSp consortium managed to completely decolorize RB-5 (50 mg/L) at optimized conditions of 25-30  C, pH 9, and using glucose and NH4H2PO4 as carbon and nitrogen source respectively, whereas PsGo consortium decolorized RB-5 (50 mg/mL) completely at 37  C, pH 11, and with lactose and NH4H2PO4 used as carbon and nitrogen sources.	Lactose	292-299	steroid sulfatase	Homo sapiens	21-25
31242665-3	2019	BLG was heated under dry conditions (water activity &lt; 0.7) and wet conditions (in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4) at low temperature (&lt;73  C) and high temperatures (&gt;90  C) in the presence or absence of the milk sugar lactose.	Lactose	223-230	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-3
31079905-0	2019	Invited review: Milk lactose-Current status and future challenges in dairy cattle.	Lactose	21-28	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	16-20
31079905-1	2019	Lactose is the main carbohydrate in mammals" milk, and it is responsible for the osmotic equilibrium between blood and alveolar lumen in the mammary gland.	Lactose	0-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	45-49
31079905-3	2019	Because this milk compound is related to several biological and physiological factors, information on milk lactose in the literature varies from chemical properties to heritability and genetic associations with health traits that may be exploited for breeding purposes.	Lactose	107-114	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	13-17
31079905-3	2019	Because this milk compound is related to several biological and physiological factors, information on milk lactose in the literature varies from chemical properties to heritability and genetic associations with health traits that may be exploited for breeding purposes.	Lactose	107-114	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	102-106
31079905-4	2019	Moreover, lactose contributes to the energy value of milk and is an important ingredient for the food and pharmaceutical industries.	Lactose	10-17	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	53-57
31079905-7	2019	The present review collects and summarizes knowledge about lactose by covering and linking several aspects of this trait in bovine milk.	Lactose	59-66	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	131-135
31079905-8	2019	Finally, perspectives on the use of milk lactose in dairy cattle, especially for selection purposes, are outlined.	Lactose	41-48	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	36-40
31234374-8	2019	Furthermore, beta-LG x PRL interaction showed the highest milk production and fat%; beta-LG x PRL recorded the highest SNF%, protein%, lactose%, and milk density, while the PRL x CSN3 had the highest fat% and SNF%.	Lactose	135-142	beta-lactoglobulin-1/B	Ovis aries	13-20
31234374-8	2019	Furthermore, beta-LG x PRL interaction showed the highest milk production and fat%; beta-LG x PRL recorded the highest SNF%, protein%, lactose%, and milk density, while the PRL x CSN3 had the highest fat% and SNF%.	Lactose	135-142	prolactin	Ovis aries	23-26
31234374-8	2019	Furthermore, beta-LG x PRL interaction showed the highest milk production and fat%; beta-LG x PRL recorded the highest SNF%, protein%, lactose%, and milk density, while the PRL x CSN3 had the highest fat% and SNF%.	Lactose	135-142	beta-lactoglobulin-1/B	Ovis aries	84-91
31234374-8	2019	Furthermore, beta-LG x PRL interaction showed the highest milk production and fat%; beta-LG x PRL recorded the highest SNF%, protein%, lactose%, and milk density, while the PRL x CSN3 had the highest fat% and SNF%.	Lactose	135-142	prolactin	Ovis aries	94-97
31234374-8	2019	Furthermore, beta-LG x PRL interaction showed the highest milk production and fat%; beta-LG x PRL recorded the highest SNF%, protein%, lactose%, and milk density, while the PRL x CSN3 had the highest fat% and SNF%.	Lactose	135-142	prolactin	Ovis aries	94-97
31205361-2	2019	Lactose intolerance affects more than 70% of the world population, being apparent by the absence of beta-galactosidase enzyme, thus leading to the inability to consume dairy products.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	100-118
31226742-1	2019	The physiological decline of lactase production in adulthood, in some individuals, is responsible for the so-called "Lactose Intolerance."	Lactose	117-124	lactase	Homo sapiens	29-36
31226742-3	2019	Lactose intolerance can be evaluated by means of the Lactose Breath Test (phenotype) and/or genetic evaluation of lactase-gene polymorphism (genotype).	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	114-121
31226742-7	2019	Among lactase-persistent (genotype C/T), four subjects showed a positive LBT, which helps to diagnose secondary lactose intolerance.	Lactose	112-119	lactase	Homo sapiens	6-13
31934025-14	2019	The elevated intracellular ROS level and decreased GSH and SOD levels in these cells were indicative of cellular oxidative stress induced by lactose.	Lactose	141-148	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
31934025-15	2019	Furthermore, western blotting analysis of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of its downstream genes suggested the Nrf2/ARE pathway was involved in the oxidative stress induced by lactose.	Lactose	170-177	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
31934025-15	2019	Furthermore, western blotting analysis of Nrf2 and mRNA expression of its downstream genes suggested the Nrf2/ARE pathway was involved in the oxidative stress induced by lactose.	Lactose	170-177	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
31132147-4	2019	We also observed the contents of protein, fat, and lactose in SHCM samples changed during 12 months, where in milk fat content was mostly affected by the season, followed by the lactose and protein contents.	Lactose	51-58	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	110-114
31094393-1	2019	Lacto-N-biose 1,2-oxazoline was prepared chemo-enzymatically and shown to be a donor substrate for beta-1,3-glycosylation of lactose by the wild-type and glycosynthase variants (D320E, D320A, Y419F) of Bifidobacterium bifidum beta-N-hexosaminidase.	Lactose	125-132	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	99-107
31934025-0	2019	Lactose induced redox-dependent senescence and activated Nrf2 pathway.	Lactose	0-7	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
31934025-13	2019	Increased activities of SA-beta-gal and p16ink4a revealed the ability of lactose to induce senescence in MRC-5 cells.	Lactose	73-80	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	40-48
31020623-0	2019	GLUT1 and GLUT8 support lactose synthesis in Golgi of murine mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	24-31	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	0-5
31020623-0	2019	GLUT1 and GLUT8 support lactose synthesis in Golgi of murine mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	24-31	solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	10-15
31020623-3	2019	We studied the temporal changes in the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT8 in mammary gland and their association with lactose synthesis and proliferation in BALB/c mice.	Lactose	113-120	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	53-58
31020623-9	2019	The spatial-temporal synchrony between expression of GLUT8/GLUT1 and alveolar cell proliferation, and its localization in cis-Golgi associated to lactose synthase complex, suggest that both transporters are involved in glucose uptake into this organelle, supporting lactose synthesis.	Lactose	146-153	solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	53-58
31020623-9	2019	The spatial-temporal synchrony between expression of GLUT8/GLUT1 and alveolar cell proliferation, and its localization in cis-Golgi associated to lactose synthase complex, suggest that both transporters are involved in glucose uptake into this organelle, supporting lactose synthesis.	Lactose	146-153	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	59-64
31020623-9	2019	The spatial-temporal synchrony between expression of GLUT8/GLUT1 and alveolar cell proliferation, and its localization in cis-Golgi associated to lactose synthase complex, suggest that both transporters are involved in glucose uptake into this organelle, supporting lactose synthesis.	Lactose	266-273	solute carrier family 2, (facilitated glucose transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	53-58
31020623-9	2019	The spatial-temporal synchrony between expression of GLUT8/GLUT1 and alveolar cell proliferation, and its localization in cis-Golgi associated to lactose synthase complex, suggest that both transporters are involved in glucose uptake into this organelle, supporting lactose synthesis.	Lactose	266-273	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	59-64
30611496-1	2019	beta-Galactosidase is vital to dairy industries because it catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose making it useful for lactose intolerant patients to consume milk and its products.	Lactose	87-94	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
30952192-2	2019	The present study performs microsecond time scale all-atom simulations of the dimeric form of the lactose repressor (LacI), both in the absence of any DNA and in the presence of both specific and nonspecific complexes, considering three different DNA sequences.	Lactose	98-105	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	117-121
30378688-5	2019	Compared to mitochondria/ER-localized photoreaction by HPPH, the photoreaction by lysosomally targeted HPPH-lactose showed a trend toward lower STAT3 cross-linking.	Lactose	108-115	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	144-149
31080605-1	2019	Background: Primary lactose intolerance (PLI) is a gradual decrease of lactase activity that usually manifests at the age of 1-5 years.	Lactose	20-27	lactase	Homo sapiens	71-78
30685406-6	2019	The results demonstrated that lactose-jenny colostrum samples displayed significantly higher values in almost all parameters evaluated (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the other two extenders after thawing (BotuCrio  and lactose-egg yolk based extender, respectively) -Total Motility, Viability, HOS test, VCL, VSL and VAP.	Lactose	30-37	vinculin	Equus asinus	301-304
30802048-3	2019	In the present work, lactose in bovine colostrum whey permeate was hydrolyzed by Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase to facilitate subsequent monosaccharide removal by membrane separation.	Lactose	21-28	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	100-118
30622138-4	2019	We find TMEM165 is crucial in the lactating mammary gland for normal biosynthesis of lactose and for normal growth rates of nursing pups.	Lactose	85-92	transmembrane protein 165	Mus musculus	8-15
30622138-5	2019	The milk of TMEM165-deficient mice contained elevated concentrations of fat, protein, iron, and zinc, which are likely caused by decreased osmosis-mediated dilution of the milk caused by the decreased biosynthesis of lactose.	Lactose	217-224	transmembrane protein 165	Mus musculus	12-19
30931077-5	2019	We estimated the kinetic parameters of beta-galactosidase, the biocatalyst responsible for the hydrolysis of lactose, and found out that K m was 602 +- 73 muM and k cat was 72 +- 12/s.	Lactose	109-116	Beta-galactosidase	Caenorhabditis elegans	39-57
31080605-3	2019	Objective: An evaluation was performed on the usefulness of genetic tests in detecting LCT 13910C&gt;T and 22018G&gt;A polymorphisms in diagnosing lactose intolerance in children.	Lactose	147-154	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-90
31080605-9	2019	Conclusions: In children older than 6, the result of genetic testing based on LCT 13910C&gt;T and 22018G&gt;A polymorphisms may diagnose lactose intolerance.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Homo sapiens	78-81
29425071-1	2019	Over 60 percent of the human population has a reduced ability to digest lactose due to low levels of lactase enzyme activity.	Lactose	72-79	lactase	Homo sapiens	101-108
30665298-0	2019	Retention of Microbiota Diversity by Lactose-Free Milk in a Mouse Model of Elderly Gut Microbiota.	Lactose	37-44	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	50-54
30665298-7	2019	Lactose-free milk diet was as efficient as the control diet in retaining faecal microbiota diversity in mice.	Lactose	0-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	13-17
30744699-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The ability to digest dietary lactose is associated with lactase persistence (LP) in the intestinal lumen in human.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	69-76
30598139-4	2019	The MS signal intensities of lactose, sialylated N-glycans derived from bovine fetuin and neutral N-glycans derived from RNaseB and ovalbumin were boosted by 7.44, 9.13, 12.96 and 13.47 folds on average (n = 3), respectively.	Lactose	29-36	ovalbumin	Bos taurus	132-141
30328055-5	2019	Statistical analysis revealed that some are putatively associated with gene expression or milk composition - for example, the c.-2047_-2048insAT polymorphism (CSN1S1) turns out to be related to the total milk protein content in Polish Primitive Horse (p &lt; 0.05), whereas c.-2105C&gt;G SNP (CSN2) is related to beta-casein relative mRNA level and milk lactose concentration in the Polish Coldblood Horse breed (p &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	354-361	casein alpha s1	Equus caballus	159-165
30718416-5	2019	In addition to attaining proof-of-principle evidence for the hypothesis that chimera-type galectin-3 design makes functional antagonism possible, we underscore the value of versatile surface programming with a derivative of the pan-galectin ligand lactose.	Lactose	248-255	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	90-100
30601657-1	2019	The lactose repressor, LacI (I+YQR), is an archetypal transcription factor that has been a workhorse in many synthetic genetic networks.	Lactose	4-11	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	23-27
30769892-8	2019	In experiment 2, dairy cattle milked first (first 50 cows) in farm 1 had greater milk, protein, and solids non-fat (SNF) yield; and less lactose content than those milked last (last 50 cows).	Lactose	137-144	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	30-34
30769892-9	2019	In farm 2, dairy cattle milked first had greater milk yield, SNF yield, lactose yield, and fat yield; but less protein and SNF content than cattle milked last.	Lactose	72-79	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	24-28
30710349-5	2019	Gene function study approaches detected that NUCKS1 positively regulated milk protein, milk fat, and lactose synthesis, and also increased the cell number, cell viability, and cell cycle progression.	Lactose	101-108	nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1	Mus musculus	45-51
30721917-1	2019	Background: Lactase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine, where they are absorbed.	Lactose	49-56	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
30721917-4	2019	Objectives: The primary objective of the study was to explore the changes in serum and urine metabolomes during postprandial dairy product tests through the association between lactase persistence genotype and the postprandial dynamics of lactose-derived metabolites.	Lactose	239-246	lactase	Homo sapiens	177-184
30721917-9	2019	Conclusions: Postprandial galactitol and galactonate after lactose overload appear to be good proxies for genetically determined lactase activity.	Lactose	59-66	lactase	Homo sapiens	129-136
32036847-6	2019	RESULTS: Clinical manifestations of lactose maldigestion in a child increased the risk of possible insulin resistance (prognostic coefficient (PC +2.6), as well as the presence of the lactase C/C 13910 gene genotype (PC +5.8) did.	Lactose	36-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
32036847-6	2019	RESULTS: Clinical manifestations of lactose maldigestion in a child increased the risk of possible insulin resistance (prognostic coefficient (PC +2.6), as well as the presence of the lactase C/C 13910 gene genotype (PC +5.8) did.	Lactose	36-43	lactase	Homo sapiens	184-191
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	0-29
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	31-35
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	276-333
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	335-341
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	206-223
30153586-10	2019	The serum retinol levels and the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1 and occludin and grip strength were affected by the interaction between lactose-induced diarrhea and the VA diet.	Lactose	153-160	claudin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	231-236
30239701-5	2019	The structure of E33A shows that Gal-10 can now bind lactose.	Lactose	53-60	Charcot-Leyden crystal galectin	Homo sapiens	33-39
30383222-6	2019	The internalized galectin-9 was resistant to detergent solubilization but was solubilized with lactose.	Lactose	95-102	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	17-27
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	347-388
29886827-8	2019	Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is closely related to milk protein synthesis and provides alternatives for AA regulation of milk protein synthesis, which connects AA with lactose synthesis via alpha-lactalbumin (gene: LALBA) and links with milk fat synthesis via Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Transcription Protein 1 (SREBP1) and Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptor (PPAR).	Lactose	184-191	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	390-394
30153586-10	2019	The serum retinol levels and the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1 and occludin and grip strength were affected by the interaction between lactose-induced diarrhea and the VA diet.	Lactose	153-160	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
30796855-2	2019	The aim: To study associations between obesity and genotype C/C 13910 of lactase gene (LCT) in children, to investigate the effectiveness of treatment using drug exogenous lactase and a low-lactose diet.	Lactose	190-197	lactase	Homo sapiens	73-80
30003525-4	2019	Milk from cows fed the high-energy diet had higher percentages of fat, protein, lactose, and total dry extract than cows fed the low-energy diet.	Lactose	80-87	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
30796855-8	2019	CONCLUSION: Conclusions: signs of insulin resistance are observed in children with obesity, genotype C/C 13910 and lactose maldigestion.	Lactose	115-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
30513975-5	2018	Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids.	Lactose	13-20	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	137-147
30413611-0	2018	Resetting the ligand binding site of placental protein 13/galectin-13 recovers its ability to bind lactose.	Lactose	99-106	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	37-57
30413611-0	2018	Resetting the ligand binding site of placental protein 13/galectin-13 recovers its ability to bind lactose.	Lactose	99-106	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	58-69
30413611-4	2018	Here, we used site-directed mutagenesis to re-engineer the ligand binding site of wild-type Gal-13, so that it could bind lactose.	Lactose	122-129	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	92-98
30413611-6	2018	Three variants (R53HH57R, R53HH57RD33G and R53HR55NH57RD33G had the same two mutations (R53 to H, and H57 to R) and were able to bind lactose in the crystal, indicating that these mutations were sufficient for recovering the ability of Gal-13 to bind lactose.	Lactose	134-141	galectin 13	Homo sapiens	236-242
30513975-5	2018	Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids.	Lactose	13-20	glucagon	Homo sapiens	149-172
30513975-5	2018	Symbiosis of lactose-based prebiotics with probiotics affect plasma glucose level by (a) increasing the synthesis of gut hormones plasma peptide-YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 from entero-endocrine L-cells; (b) altering glucose assimilation and metabolism; (c) suppressing systematic inflammation; (d) reducing oxidative stress; and (e) producing amino acids.	Lactose	13-20	glucagon	Homo sapiens	177-200
30168097-5	2018	The SCD1 VV genotype was associated with higher protein and lactose contents in White Fulani (P &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	60-67	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	4-8
30381219-1	2018	In this work, lactose fatty acid esters were enzymatically synthesized from fatty acids and lactose using Candida antarctica B lipase (CALB) in organic solvents.	Lactose	14-21	PAN0_003d1715	Moesziomyces antarcticus	127-133
30350619-2	2018	Lactose was equipped with an azide-functionalized linker and was supplemented to bacterial cultures as an artificial substrate for bacterial beta-galactosidase enzyme.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	141-159
30176285-2	2018	In the present study, spray congealing was used to prepare solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) loaded with beta-galactosidase (lactase), an enzyme used for the treatment of lactose intolerance, to achieve a local drug delivery to the small intestine.	Lactose	171-178	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	105-123
30462373-0	2018	Analysis of lactase in lactose intolerance supplements.	Lactose	23-30	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
30462373-1	2018	Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the disaccharide lactose, and deficiency in this enzyme causes the prevalent medical condition lactose intolerance.	Lactose	72-79	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
30462373-1	2018	Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the disaccharide lactose, and deficiency in this enzyme causes the prevalent medical condition lactose intolerance.	Lactose	150-157	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
30462373-2	2018	Management of lactose intolerance can be achieved through the administration of lactase supplements.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	80-87
30176285-2	2018	In the present study, spray congealing was used to prepare solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) loaded with beta-galactosidase (lactase), an enzyme used for the treatment of lactose intolerance, to achieve a local drug delivery to the small intestine.	Lactose	171-178	lactase	Homo sapiens	125-132
29922971-1	2018	beta-Galactosidase is an essential enzyme for the metabolism of lactose in human beings and has an important role in the treatment of lactose intolerance (LI).	Lactose	64-71	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
30146276-8	2018	Statistical analysis revealed that the GHR polymorphism is significantly associated with milk traits for daily fat and protein yield and fat, milk urea, and lactose content.	Lactose	157-164	growth hormone receptor	Ovis aries	39-42
30215508-0	2018	Lactose-Modified Chitosan Gold(III)-PEGylated Complex-Bioconjugates: From Synthesis to Interaction with Targeted Galectin-1 Protein.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	113-123
29784319-3	2018	The extract was then treated with beta-galactosidase to hydrolyze GOS and lactose.	Lactose	74-81	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-52
30388735-3	2018	Lactose is currently a common disaccharide in human nutrition, both in breastfed infants and in adults, but its digestion requires a specialized enzyme called lactase.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	159-166
30388735-4	2018	The genetically programmed reduction in lactase activity during adulthood affects most of the world"s adult population and can cause troublesome digestive symptoms, which may also vary depending on the amount of residual lactase activity; the small bowel transit time; and, especially, the amount of ingested lactose.	Lactose	309-316	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
29957950-2	2018	The kinetics of protein lactosylation and MRP formation are influenced by the lactose content of the dairy powder.	Lactose	78-85	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
29922971-1	2018	beta-Galactosidase is an essential enzyme for the metabolism of lactose in human beings and has an important role in the treatment of lactose intolerance (LI).	Lactose	134-141	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
29722103-2	2018	It is shown that by using sterically large, hydrophilic glycomonomers such as a lactose acrylamide with the charged azo initiator 4,4"-azobis(4-cyanovaleric acid), growing particles are stabilized enough to reproducibly produce well defined (PDi &lt;= 0.1) glycoparticles with diameters below 100 nm.	Lactose	80-87	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	242-245
29747128-1	2018	A lactose modified pyrene derivative (Py-Lac) was synthesized, with which novel twisted supramolecular nanofibers in diameter about 20 nm were constructed by self-assembly.	Lactose	2-9	lactase	Homo sapiens	41-44
29911342-2	2018	The present work is aimed at increasing the transglycosylation activity of two selected hexosaminidases, HEX1 and HEX2, to synthesize LNT2 from lactose and chitobiose.	Lactose	144-151	exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
32254972-1	2018	beta-Galactosidase has been drawing increasing attention for the treatment of lactose intolerance, but its delivery has been impeded by degradation under gastric conditions.	Lactose	78-85	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
29883664-5	2018	The final optimized formulation of SPI was as follows: InhaLac 230  was selected as the carrier with drug:carrier = 1:6, and the milled lactose InhaLac 400  was added at 5%.	Lactose	136-143	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	35-38
29969582-7	2018	CA125 presentation in the particulate amniotic fluid fraction was found to be shaped by a complex interactome partially involving lactose-sensitive galectin-3 binding.	Lactose	130-137	mucin 16, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	0-5
29969582-7	2018	CA125 presentation in the particulate amniotic fluid fraction was found to be shaped by a complex interactome partially involving lactose-sensitive galectin-3 binding.	Lactose	130-137	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	148-158
29943080-1	2018	Affinity mass spectrometry using selective proteolytic excision and extraction combined with MALDI and ESI mass spectrometry has been applied to the identification of epitope binding sites of lactose, GalNac, and blood group oligosaccharides in two blood group-specific lectins, human galectin-3 and glycine max lectin.	Lactose	192-199	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	285-295
29960786-14	2018	It was also observed that cows presenting the earliest increases in plasma lactose concentrations during milk accumulation lost more milk in response to extended milking intervals.	Lactose	75-82	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	105-109
29960786-14	2018	It was also observed that cows presenting the earliest increases in plasma lactose concentrations during milk accumulation lost more milk in response to extended milking intervals.	Lactose	75-82	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	133-137
30007811-7	2018	Yields of milk, fat- and protein-corrected milk, and lactose increased in response to PT and FT and lactose concentration was unaffected by treatment.	Lactose	53-60	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	93-95
29098979-7	2018	Milk yield is predicted from lactose and protein yields with an empirical equation developed from literature data.	Lactose	29-36	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
30126183-8	2018	PLS-1 models provide excellent correlations with lactose content.	Lactose	49-56	plastin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
29999504-2	2018	About 70% of the adult world population is lactose-intolerant, due to low levels of intestinal lactase, also called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a beta-d-galactosidase found in the apical surface of the intestinal microvilli.	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	95-102
29999504-2	2018	About 70% of the adult world population is lactose-intolerant, due to low levels of intestinal lactase, also called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a beta-d-galactosidase found in the apical surface of the intestinal microvilli.	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	116-143
29999504-2	2018	About 70% of the adult world population is lactose-intolerant, due to low levels of intestinal lactase, also called lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a beta-d-galactosidase found in the apical surface of the intestinal microvilli.	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	145-148
29999504-4	2018	According to the cultural-historical hypothesis, the mutation that allows the metabolization of lactose appeared about 10 000 years ago in the inhabitants of Northern Europe where mammalian milk continued in the diet after weaning, and lactase-persistent populations were genetically selected in some areas.	Lactose	96-103	lactase	Homo sapiens	236-243
29649531-6	2018	The results indicated that beta-gal loaded beta-CS NPs could serve as non-toxic delivery carriers for the treatment of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	119-126	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	27-35
29844237-3	2018	Ongoing work has shown that growth of 15253 in cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac)-containing medium enables binding to CD33/Siglec-3, a cell surface receptor that binds sialic acid, suggesting that lactose termini on LOSs of intact gonococci can be sialylated.	Lactose	221-228	CD33 antigen	Mus musculus	142-146
29844237-3	2018	Ongoing work has shown that growth of 15253 in cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac)-containing medium enables binding to CD33/Siglec-3, a cell surface receptor that binds sialic acid, suggesting that lactose termini on LOSs of intact gonococci can be sialylated.	Lactose	221-228	CD33 antigen	Mus musculus	147-155
29844237-6	2018	Although not associated with increased factor H binding, HepII lactose sialylation inhibited complement C3 deposition on gonococci.	Lactose	63-70	complement component 3	Mus musculus	93-106
29478547-6	2018	A two-fold difference was found for glycation in the presence of the dimers lactose and maltose for beta-casein but not for the whey proteins.	Lactose	76-83	casein beta	Homo sapiens	100-111
29946342-11	2018	Conclusions: These novel findings suggest that the increased lactose synthesis in lactation was related to the coordinated upregulation of genes or enzymes in the lactose synthesis pathway, and glucose transportation (GLUT1) and lactose synthetase (LALBA and B4GALT1) might be the critical steps in the lactose synthesis pathway of sows during lactation.	Lactose	61-68	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	218-223
29946342-11	2018	Conclusions: These novel findings suggest that the increased lactose synthesis in lactation was related to the coordinated upregulation of genes or enzymes in the lactose synthesis pathway, and glucose transportation (GLUT1) and lactose synthetase (LALBA and B4GALT1) might be the critical steps in the lactose synthesis pathway of sows during lactation.	Lactose	61-68	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	249-254
29946342-11	2018	Conclusions: These novel findings suggest that the increased lactose synthesis in lactation was related to the coordinated upregulation of genes or enzymes in the lactose synthesis pathway, and glucose transportation (GLUT1) and lactose synthetase (LALBA and B4GALT1) might be the critical steps in the lactose synthesis pathway of sows during lactation.	Lactose	61-68	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	259-266
29954182-8	2018	The stability of the enzyme at 37  C under gastric and neutral pH conditions was tested and led to the conclusion that the cross-linked microgels could be suitable for use in food-industry, where beta-Gal carriers are of interest for hydrolyzing lactose in milk products.	Lactose	246-253	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	196-204
30004540-1	2018	A novel squaramide-containing metal-organic framework (MOF) has been designed and synthesized, which represents the first example of the luminescence selective detection of lactose over other monosaccharides and disaccharides.	Lactose	173-180	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	30-59
29989110-2	2018	Enzymatic hydrolysis of the lactose moiety using beta-galactosidase allowed a gel-to-sol phase transition of the supramolecular hydrogel.	Lactose	28-35	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	49-67
29941059-1	2018	The hypothesis of the study was that inhibition of PPARbeta/delta increases glucose uptake and lactose synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by reducing the expression of the glucose transporter mRNA destabiliser calreticulin.	Lactose	95-102	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Bos taurus	51-59
29671937-6	2018	Furthermore, quercetin could increase the expression of beta-casein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid synthase, and alpha-lactalbumin in the breast tissues that are responsible for the production of fatty acid, lactose, and galactose in the milk at the transcriptional level determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.	Lactose	214-221	lactalbumin, alpha	Mus musculus	119-136
29617841-2	2018	Within the mammary gland, alpha-lactalbumin plays a central role in milk production as part of the lactose synthase complex required for lactose formation, which drives milk volume.	Lactose	99-106	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	26-43
29672051-5	2018	We present three neutron crystal structures of the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3: the ligand-free form and the complexes with the natural substrate lactose and with glycerol, which mimics important interactions made by lactose.	Lactose	175-182	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
29856839-1	2018	The lactose operon repressor protein LacI has long served as a paradigm of the bacterial transcription factors.	Lactose	4-11	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	37-41
30034184-13	2018	Lactose-negative Enterobacteriaceae tended (p=0.07) to be lower in PROB1 and PROB2 than in CONT group.	Lactose	0-7	proline rich basic protein 1	Gallus gallus	67-72
29672051-5	2018	We present three neutron crystal structures of the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3: the ligand-free form and the complexes with the natural substrate lactose and with glycerol, which mimics important interactions made by lactose.	Lactose	246-253	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-107
29581232-7	2018	By contrast, inhibition of all galectin-glycan interactions by lactose inhibited CIE of both MHCI and CD59.	Lactose	63-70	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-106
29303609-0	2018	Buffering agent-induced lactose content increases via growth hormone-mediated activation of gluconeogenesis in lactating goats.	Lactose	24-31	growth hormone	Capra hircus	54-68
29569917-2	2018	Depending on the sugar modification, we observed variable activation of NF-kappaB, AP-1, and NF-AT signaling pathways: lactose-coated dendrimers had the strongest impact on marker gene expression and most signaling events with the notable exception of NF-kappaB activation in THP-1 cells.	Lactose	119-126	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	276-281
29286187-5	2018	We observed that ATAD3A positively regulated milk protein, fat, and lactose biosynthesis, and cell proliferation.	Lactose	68-75	ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3	Bos taurus	17-23
29124776-0	2018	Field findings about milk ethanol stability: a first report of interrelationship between alpha-lactalbumin and lactose.	Lactose	111-118	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	89-106
33350129-1	2018	Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are synthesized by the enzyme beta-galactosidase during the hydrolysis of lactose.	Lactose	104-111	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-78
29124776-8	2018	CONCLUSION: The lower values of alpha-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as alpha-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability.	Lactose	103-110	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	32-40
29124776-8	2018	CONCLUSION: The lower values of alpha-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as alpha-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability.	Lactose	103-110	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	115-123
29124776-8	2018	CONCLUSION: The lower values of alpha-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as alpha-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability.	Lactose	133-140	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	32-40
29124776-8	2018	CONCLUSION: The lower values of alpha-La in unstable milk samples might be related to lower content of lactose, as alpha-La promotes lactose synthesis, a key component for the osmotic balance of milk and thus its ethanol stability.	Lactose	133-140	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	115-123
29318690-1	2018	The short 8-10 amino acid "hinge" sequence in lactose repressor (LacI), present in other LacI/GalR family members, links DNA and inducer-binding domains.	Lactose	46-53	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	65-69
30344249-5	2018	The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics (Lactobacillus spp.	Lactose	29-36	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	138-141
29796247-11	2018	In those sensitive to small quantities of lactose, lactase supplements can be trailed.	Lactose	42-49	lactase	Homo sapiens	51-58
29719535-6	2018	On acinar cells, lactose was able to suppress caerulein-induced inflammatory signaling pathways and to suppress chemoattractant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production.	Lactose	17-24	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	128-161
29719535-6	2018	On acinar cells, lactose was able to suppress caerulein-induced inflammatory signaling pathways and to suppress chemoattractant tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production.	Lactose	17-24	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	166-196
29719535-7	2018	Additionally, lactose acted on pancreas-infiltrated macrophages, increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	Lactose	14-21	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	76-90
29719535-7	2018	Additionally, lactose acted on pancreas-infiltrated macrophages, increasing interleukin-10 and decreasing tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	Lactose	14-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-133
29719535-9	2018	Last, the effect of lactose on neutrophil infiltration was mimicked by a galectin-3 antagonist, suggesting a potential endogenous target of lactose.	Lactose	20-27	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	73-83
29719535-9	2018	Last, the effect of lactose on neutrophil infiltration was mimicked by a galectin-3 antagonist, suggesting a potential endogenous target of lactose.	Lactose	140-147	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	73-83
29617370-9	2018	Insulin was negatively correlated with lactose % and positively correlated with SCS.	Lactose	39-46	insulin	Bubalus bubalis	0-7
29318690-1	2018	The short 8-10 amino acid "hinge" sequence in lactose repressor (LacI), present in other LacI/GalR family members, links DNA and inducer-binding domains.	Lactose	46-53	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	89-93
29301907-1	2018	To test whether growth limitation induces mutations, Cairns and Foster constructed an Escherichia coli strain whose mutant lac allele provides 1-2% of normal ability to use lactose.	Lactose	173-180	lactase	Homo sapiens	123-126
29429722-8	2018	Likewise, the rate of lactose crystallization was improved by the addition of 150 mg L-1 of carrageenan.	Lactose	22-29	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	85-88
29498857-3	2018	Here we report on isotropic chemical shift predictions for the carbohydrate recognition domain of microcrystalline galectin-3, obtained from using hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, implemented using an automated fragmentation approach, and using very high resolution (0.86 A lactose-bound and 1.25 A apo form) X-ray crystal structures.	Lactose	308-315	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	115-125
29424635-6	2018	BBD and ANN-GA, both optimization techniques predicted a higher lactose concentration was clearly beneficial for augmenting K. lactis biomass which in turn increased hIFN-gamma concentration.	Lactose	64-71	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	166-176
28958545-0	2018	Freeze-dried capsules prepared from emulsions with encapsulated lactase as a potential delivery system to control lactose hydrolysis in milk.	Lactose	114-121	lactase	Homo sapiens	64-71
28521673-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance is characterized by the absence of the enzyme lactase (beta-galactosidase) and affects two thirds of the world adult population.	Lactose	12-19	lactase	Homo sapiens	78-85
32254292-8	2018	The exceptions of linear-lactose and star-trehalose glycopolymers, which increased Tm of the mAb Fab region and Tagg, however, highlight a more complex structure-function relationship.	Lactose	25-32	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	97-100
28958545-5	2018	The hydrolysis of lactose in full-fat or skim milk after 3-week storage reduced from&gt;75% for free lactase to&lt;15% for encapsulated lactase.	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Homo sapiens	101-108
28958545-5	2018	The hydrolysis of lactose in full-fat or skim milk after 3-week storage reduced from&gt;75% for free lactase to&lt;15% for encapsulated lactase.	Lactose	18-25	lactase	Homo sapiens	136-143
28958545-6	2018	The encapsulated lactase was released gradually during the simulated digestions to hydrolyze lactose in milk more efficiently than free lactase.	Lactose	93-100	lactase	Homo sapiens	17-24
29262302-13	2018	Water loss during milling was measured with TGA, showing lower water content for the lactose amorphized through milling compared to spray dried amorphous lactose.	Lactose	85-92	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
28521673-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Lactose intolerance is characterized by the absence of the enzyme lactase (beta-galactosidase) and affects two thirds of the world adult population.	Lactose	12-19	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-105
29270244-2	2017	Lactose requires enzymatic hydrolysis by lactase into D-glucose and D-galactose before it can be absorbed.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	41-48
28905280-2	2018	This study employed a commercial beta-galactosidase in the production of fucose-containing galacto-oligosaccharides (fGOS) from lactose and fucose.	Lactose	128-135	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	33-51
28963597-3	2018	In the first phase, Osteopontin gene polymorphisms were identified and associated with milk composition such as ash, milk fat, SNF, lactose, and protein.	Lactose	132-139	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	20-31
28797814-6	2018	Additionally, we showed that L-929 cells expressed little galectin-3 (Gal-3) and that lactose, an inhibitor of Gal-3 did not block the activities of HG- and RGI-rich pectins, implicating that cell migration inhibited by pectin did not correlate to Gal-3.	Lactose	86-93	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	111-116
28797814-6	2018	Additionally, we showed that L-929 cells expressed little galectin-3 (Gal-3) and that lactose, an inhibitor of Gal-3 did not block the activities of HG- and RGI-rich pectins, implicating that cell migration inhibited by pectin did not correlate to Gal-3.	Lactose	86-93	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	111-116
29246110-9	2017	Pathway analysis of genes representing all lactose-associated loci shows significant enrichment of genes located in the endoplasmic reticulum, with functions related to ion channel activity mediated through the LRRC8C, P2RX4, KCNJ2 and ANKH genes.	Lactose	43-50	leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit C	Bos taurus	211-217
29246110-9	2017	Pathway analysis of genes representing all lactose-associated loci shows significant enrichment of genes located in the endoplasmic reticulum, with functions related to ion channel activity mediated through the LRRC8C, P2RX4, KCNJ2 and ANKH genes.	Lactose	43-50	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Bos taurus	219-224
29246110-9	2017	Pathway analysis of genes representing all lactose-associated loci shows significant enrichment of genes located in the endoplasmic reticulum, with functions related to ion channel activity mediated through the LRRC8C, P2RX4, KCNJ2 and ANKH genes.	Lactose	43-50	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2	Bos taurus	226-231
29246110-9	2017	Pathway analysis of genes representing all lactose-associated loci shows significant enrichment of genes located in the endoplasmic reticulum, with functions related to ion channel activity mediated through the LRRC8C, P2RX4, KCNJ2 and ANKH genes.	Lactose	43-50	ANKH inorganic pyrophosphate transport regulator	Bos taurus	236-240
28981265-0	2017	Solid-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions for Delivery of Lactase To Control in Vitro Hydrolysis of Lactose in Milk.	Lactose	90-97	lactase	Homo sapiens	48-55
28249763-2	2017	Here high-pressure solution NMR spectroscopy is used to provide an atomic level view of the pressure induced structural transition of the lactose repressor regulatory domain (LacI* RD) bound to the ligand IPTG.	Lactose	138-145	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	175-179
28602126-7	2017	Normalized LAC ratio was positively correlated with D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procoagulant activity of coagulating factor VIII, and negatively correlated with antithrombin activity, respectively ( P &lt; .01).	Lactose	11-14	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	61-71
28602126-7	2017	Normalized LAC ratio was positively correlated with D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procoagulant activity of coagulating factor VIII, and negatively correlated with antithrombin activity, respectively ( P &lt; .01).	Lactose	11-14	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	121-125
28602126-7	2017	Normalized LAC ratio was positively correlated with D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procoagulant activity of coagulating factor VIII, and negatively correlated with antithrombin activity, respectively ( P &lt; .01).	Lactose	11-14	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	158-170
28947679-9	2017	PPARgamma modulation was able to improve symptoms induced by lactose-enriched diet in weaned rats.	Lactose	61-68	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
28934590-9	2017	Most notably, higher levels of beneficial gut bacteria called Bifidobacteria are associated with the human lactase nonpersister genotype, which typically confers lactose intolerance, in several different human populations.	Lactose	162-169	lactase	Homo sapiens	107-114
28981265-1	2017	There is an established need to deliver lactase in milk to retain activity during storage and hydrolyze lactose after ingestion.	Lactose	104-111	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
28981265-6	2017	Therefore, the studied S/O/W emulsions have the potential to deliver lactase in milk for lactose-intolerant consumers.	Lactose	89-96	lactase	Homo sapiens	69-76
28727149-9	2017	The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation.	Lactose	74-81	elastin	Homo sapiens	4-11
28727149-9	2017	The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation.	Lactose	74-81	elastin	Homo sapiens	130-137
28727149-9	2017	The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation.	Lactose	74-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	254-295
28727149-9	2017	The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation.	Lactose	74-81	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	297-303
26713460-1	2017	The genetically programmed reduction in lactase activity during adulthood affects 70% of the world adult population and can cause severe digestive disorders, which are the sign of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	180-187	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
29093555-8	2017	Addition of anti-fibronectin antibody and beta-lactose, a galectin-3 antagonist, significantly blocked DC exosome-mediated HIV-1 infection of T-cells.	Lactose	42-54	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	58-68
26713460-2	2017	Lactose intolerance symptoms vary depending on the residual lactase activity, the small bowel transit time, and especially the amount of ingested lactose.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	60-67
28859276-0	2017	Characterization of a lactose-responsive promoter of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus 05-172.	Lactose	22-29	ABC transporter	Lactobacillus acidophilus	53-91
28821216-0	2017	Successful Treatment With Phenobarbital Following Lactase Supplementation in an Infant With Lactose Intolerance.	Lactose	92-99	lactase	Homo sapiens	50-57
28649731-3	2017	The molecular recognition event of the specific ligand, lactose, by Gal-3 in crowding conditions was evaluated.	Lactose	56-63	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	68-73
28649731-8	2017	We show that serum proteins interact with Gal-3, through their alpha2,3-linked sialylgalactose moieties exposed at their surfaces, competing with lactose for the same binding site.	Lactose	87-94	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	42-47
29024663-4	2017	Pharmacologically, modulating histone acetylation with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) or acetyl-N-cysteine (NAC) rapidly increases xCT and activates a network with mGlu2 receptors to prime an enhanced glutamate homeostasis that promotes both pro-resilient and antidepressant-like responses.	Lactose	75-78	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11	Mus musculus	125-128
28490136-3	2017	Binding constant of BLG glycated by milk sugar lactose to EGCG was measured by the method of fluorophore quenching.	Lactose	47-54	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	20-23
29088854-1	2017	PURPOSE: This study aims at preclinical evaluation of a recently reported lactose analogue, 1"-18F-fluoroethyl-beta-D-lactose (18F-FEL), in binding to hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas and pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) in vitro and in vivo.	Lactose	74-81	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	151-221
29088854-1	2017	PURPOSE: This study aims at preclinical evaluation of a recently reported lactose analogue, 1"-18F-fluoroethyl-beta-D-lactose (18F-FEL), in binding to hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas and pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) in vitro and in vivo.	Lactose	74-81	regenerating family member 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	223-230
28859276-1	2017	A novel lactose-responsive promoter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene Lba1680 of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 05-172 isolated from a traditionally fermented dairy product koumiss was characterized.	Lactose	8-15	ABC transporter	Lactobacillus acidophilus	43-81
28498622-4	2017	In the presence of the galectin-3 inhibitor, lactose, the M2 marker (mannose receptor) was down-regulated while the M1 marker (iNOS) was up-regulated on smooth and rough surfaces.	Lactose	45-52	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	23-33
28498622-4	2017	In the presence of the galectin-3 inhibitor, lactose, the M2 marker (mannose receptor) was down-regulated while the M1 marker (iNOS) was up-regulated on smooth and rough surfaces.	Lactose	45-52	mannose receptor C-type 1	Homo sapiens	58-86
28498622-9	2017	Lactose treatment significantly reduced the cell area on all topographies suggesting that the galectin-3 is also involved in signaling complexes triggering the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton.	Lactose	0-7	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	94-104
28601462-10	2017	Milk lactose yields were higher on the corn and glycerol diets than the basal diet.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
28855970-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose after weaning, namely, lactase persistence (LP), is encoded by polymorphisms in the MCM6 gene and varies widely in frequency among different human populations.	Lactose	34-41	lactase	Homo sapiens	65-72
28855970-1	2017	BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose after weaning, namely, lactase persistence (LP), is encoded by polymorphisms in the MCM6 gene and varies widely in frequency among different human populations.	Lactose	34-41	minichromosome maintenance complex component 6	Homo sapiens	126-130
28813004-4	2017	Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively).	Lactose	37-44	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	225-235
28813004-4	2017	Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively).	Lactose	37-44	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	237-242
28813004-4	2017	Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively).	Lactose	37-44	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	245-255
28813004-4	2017	Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively).	Lactose	37-44	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	257-262
28813004-4	2017	Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively).	Lactose	37-44	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	310-320
28813004-6	2017	Structural mapping of chemical shift perturbations revealed long-range perturbations upon lactose binding for hGal1 and hGal8NTD.	Lactose	90-97	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
28813004-7	2017	We further demonstrated using the NMR-based hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) that lactose binding increases the exchange rates of residues located on the opposite side of the ligand-binding pocket for hGal1 and hGal8NTD, indicative of allostery.	Lactose	83-90	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	202-207
28426286-1	2017	Lactase persistence-the ability of adults to digest the lactose in milk-varies widely in frequency across human populations.	Lactose	56-63	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
28426286-5	2017	Why was lactase persistence strongly selected for even though milk processing can reduce the amount of lactose?	Lactose	103-110	lactase	Homo sapiens	8-15
28718798-6	2017	The RED and TURQUOISE modules were significantly correlated ( r  &gt; 0.5) with both SCC and lactose.	Lactose	93-100	SCC	Bos taurus	85-88
28718798-9	2017	miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	microRNA 18a	Bos taurus	0-7
28718798-9	2017	miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	microRNA 221	Bos taurus	9-16
28718798-9	2017	miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	homeobox A7	Bos taurus	56-61
28718798-9	2017	miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose.	Lactose	118-125	notch receptor 3	Bos taurus	67-80
28718798-11	2017	Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC.	Lactose	178-185	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Bos taurus	119-123
28718798-11	2017	Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC.	Lactose	178-185	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	138-142
28718798-11	2017	Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC.	Lactose	178-185	SCC	Bos taurus	254-257
28512015-7	2017	For both miR-34b and miR-34c, a significantly lower expression level was determined in metastasizing LACs compared to non-metastasizing LACs (p=0.0005 and p=0.002) with similarly decreased expression levels observed in the paired distant metastases.	Lactose	101-105	microRNA 34b	Homo sapiens	9-16
28657598-7	2017	Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis.	Lactose	135-142	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	22-27
28657598-7	2017	Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis.	Lactose	135-142	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	50-59
28657598-7	2017	Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis.	Lactose	135-142	galectin 9	Homo sapiens	118-123
28193420-1	2017	beta-Galactosidase enzymes are used in the dairy industry to convert lactose into galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are added to infant formula to mimic the molecular sizes and prebiotic functions of human milk oligosaccharides.	Lactose	69-76	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
28500071-8	2017	LPS-induced microglial phagocytosis of PC12 was prevented by small interfering RNA knockdown of Gal-3 in microglia, lactose inhibition of Gal-3 binding, inhibition of neuraminidase with Tamiflu, or inhibition of MerTK by UNC569.	Lactose	116-123	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
28185023-7	2017	When COD concentration was 240 mg/L, the loss of SAA resulting from lactose, peptone, sodium potassium tartrate and sodium succinate were 28, 36, 50 and 55%, respectively.	Lactose	68-75	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	49-52
28512015-7	2017	For both miR-34b and miR-34c, a significantly lower expression level was determined in metastasizing LACs compared to non-metastasizing LACs (p=0.0005 and p=0.002) with similarly decreased expression levels observed in the paired distant metastases.	Lactose	101-105	microRNA 34c	Homo sapiens	21-28
28284695-8	2017	Milk lactose content and fat yield were not different among dietary treatments, but milk fat content tended to decline with increasing content of CP in diets.	Lactose	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
28365113-9	2017	Significant variations in the casein to protein ratio and lactose content were observed in all culture-positive samples and in culture-negative samples with medium to high SCC compared to normal milk.	Lactose	58-65	SCC	Bos taurus	172-175
28193539-2	2017	alpha-lactalbumin binds beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase to form the regulatory subunit for lactose synthesis and has also been shown to cause cell death.	Lactose	90-97	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	0-17
28284698-10	2017	The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum.	Lactose	61-68	SCC	Bos taurus	84-87
28284698-10	2017	The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum.	Lactose	61-68	SCC	Bos taurus	191-194
28393891-0	2017	Progressive slowdown/prevention of cellular senescence by CD9-targeted delivery of rapamycin using lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles.	Lactose	99-106	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
28402875-2	2017	The lac repressor (LacI) is a well characterized transcription factor that regulates the ability of bacterial cells to uptake and metabolize lactose.	Lactose	141-148	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	19-23
28559606-4	2017	Protein hydrolysate was again hydrolyzed at 30  C with beta-galactosidase at pH 5.5 to hydrolyze lactose.	Lactose	97-104	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	55-73
27813712-6	2017	Our results indicated that the highest beta-NGF production was achieved with 1 mM IPTG and low concentrations of lactose (0-2% w/v), low cultivation temperature of 25 C and postinduction time of 2 hr.	Lactose	113-120	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	39-47
27824279-5	2017	Several carbon sources were assayed for their effects on beta-glucosidase production, significant yields were obtained in media containing lactose 1% (3.0 +- 0.36 U/ml) and wheat bran 2% (4.0 +- 0.4 U/ml).	Lactose	139-146	4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1a, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	57-73
27824279-6	2017	The combination of wheat bran at 2% and lactose at 0.8% as carbon source enhanced beta-glucosidase production, which reached 8.5 +- 0.28 U/ml.	Lactose	40-47	4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1a, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	82-98
28393891-4	2017	In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells.	Lactose	49-56	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	14-17
28393891-4	2017	In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells.	Lactose	49-56	CD9 molecule	Homo sapiens	120-123
28393891-4	2017	In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells.	Lactose	49-56	transcriptional regulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
28497837-1	2017	Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood.	Lactose	44-51	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
28703957-4	2017	In the case of lactose-free products, commercial Ha-lactase&amp;reg; was used for hydrolysis, and the reaction occurred simultaneously with fermentation.	Lactose	15-22	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	64-67
28497837-1	2017	Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood.	Lactose	112-119	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
28497837-3	2017	This variant is associated with lactase activity persistence, and its carriers are able to digest lactose.	Lactose	98-105	lactase	Homo sapiens	32-39
28025803-0	2017	Metabolic Transition of Milk Lactose Synthesis and Up-regulation by AKT1 in Sows from Late Pregnancy to Lactation.	Lactose	29-36	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
28253907-8	2017	Time-matched (acquired within 5 h of each other) serum cytokine and MRS showed correlations between Lac/NAA and serum IL-1beta and IL-10 (all p &lt; 0.01).	Lactose	100-103	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	118-126
28253907-11	2017	At 48 h, CSF TNF-alpha correlated with Lac/NAA (p = 0.02) and CSF IL-8 correlated with white matter TUNEL positive cell death (p = 0.04).	Lactose	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-22
28025803-5	2017	In summary, lactose synthesis was significantly elevated with the increase of milk production and AKT1 could positively regulate lactose synthesis.	Lactose	12-19	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
28025803-5	2017	In summary, lactose synthesis was significantly elevated with the increase of milk production and AKT1 could positively regulate lactose synthesis.	Lactose	129-136	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
28132945-1	2017	Lactose, the principle sugar in milk, is a disaccharide hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase into glucose and galactose, which are absorbed directly by diffusion in the intestine.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	81-88
28462205-3	2017	The amount of lactase required to obtain the lactose-free milk was then established in triplicate laboratory trials, by adding the enzyme at concentrations of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 g/L in flasks containing 160 mL of raw sheep"s milk.	Lactose	45-52	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Ovis aries	14-21
28462205-6	2017	The addition of lactase at concentration of 1.1 g/L of milk reduced the lactose concentration below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 g/L.	Lactose	72-79	lactase-phlorizin hydrolase	Ovis aries	16-23
28100852-7	2016	Like human milk, it contains a substantial amount of lactose (about 7%), which determines its flavour and facilitates calcium absorption.	Lactose	53-60	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	11-15
28017703-1	2017	Lactose intolerance is characterized by low or inexistent levels of lactase, and the main treatment consists of dietary changes, especially replacing dairy milk by soy milk.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	68-75
27928130-10	2017	We conclude that THz-ATR spectroscopy is useful for detecting differences in densities caused by a change in the physical properties of lactose during lubrication.	Lactose	136-143	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	21-24
28166949-7	2017	At high THI level, SCC was negatively correlated with total MY (r=-0.12P&lt;0.05), 305 MY (r=-0.16P&lt;0.05), protein % (r=-0.15P&lt;0.01), fat% (r=-0.14P&lt;0.01) and lactose % (r=-0.26P&lt;0.01).	Lactose	168-175	SCC	Bos taurus	19-22
28139744-4	2017	Age and phenotype-specific environmental cues (lactose exposure after weaning) induced changes to epigenetic modifications and CTCF binding at select regulatory elements, which corresponded to the alterations in the intestinal Lct mRNA gradient.	Lactose	47-54	CCCTC-binding factor	Mus musculus	127-131
28139744-4	2017	Age and phenotype-specific environmental cues (lactose exposure after weaning) induced changes to epigenetic modifications and CTCF binding at select regulatory elements, which corresponded to the alterations in the intestinal Lct mRNA gradient.	Lactose	47-54	lactase	Mus musculus	227-230
27598336-1	2017	The lactose repressor (LacI) is a classic genetic switch that has been used as a fundamental component in a host of synthetic genetic networks.	Lactose	4-11	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	23-27
27153930-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: Lactase persistence (LP) is an adaptive trait that certain human populations have acquired in response to lactose consumption in adulthood.	Lactose	117-124	lactase	Homo sapiens	11-18
27993133-6	2016	The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC.	Lactose	37-44	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	15-19
27993133-6	2016	The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC.	Lactose	37-44	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1	Mus musculus	112-117
27993133-6	2016	The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC.	Lactose	37-44	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	226-231
27993133-6	2016	The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC.	Lactose	37-44	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4	Mus musculus	236-241
27982117-4	2016	Presence in situ was cytoplasmic, the lectin was secreted from OA chondrocytes in culture and binding of Gal-3 yielded lactose-inhibitable surface staining.	Lactose	119-126	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	105-110
28002476-0	2016	Bg10: A Novel Metagenomics Alcohol-Tolerant and Glucose-Stimulated GH1 ss-Glucosidase Suitable for Lactose-Free Milk Preparation.	Lactose	99-106	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
27999602-4	2016	Lactose intolerance develops primarily due to the absence of the enzyme lactase and treatment involves avoidance of lactose-containing foods or ingestion of commercially available lactase enzyme preparations prior to their consumption.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	180-187
27999602-9	2016	She handled lactase tablets for years to her children who were lactose intolerant, but had never ingested the tablets herself prior to the reported episode.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
27885546-5	2016	Tests on the anti-Gal-1 mAb/Gal-1/lactose system showed that the approach is experimentally feasible in a reasonable time frame.	Lactose	34-41	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
27885546-5	2016	Tests on the anti-Gal-1 mAb/Gal-1/lactose system showed that the approach is experimentally feasible in a reasonable time frame.	Lactose	34-41	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
27342764-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using beta-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available.	Lactose	39-46	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	92-110
27342764-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using beta-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available.	Lactose	67-74	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	92-110
27899526-10	2016	Galectin-1 binding resulted in the formation of large, highly immobile pre-BCR aggregates, which was partially relieved by the addition of lactose to prevent the cross-linking of galectin-BCR complexes to other glycosylated membrane components.	Lactose	139-146	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
27021957-3	2016	Induction of XOR expression with lactose or IPTG resulted in complete loss of activity whereas shake flasks cultures using media rather poor in nutrients resulted in functional XOR expression in the stationary phase.	Lactose	33-40	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	13-16
28460946-0	2016	The quality of low lactose milk is affected by the side proteolytic activity of the lactase used in the production process.	Lactose	19-26	lactase	Homo sapiens	84-91
28460946-2	2016	Lactase is the key tool to manufacture low lactose milk (LLM): its addition during milk processing can be done "in batch", i.e. before thermal treatment, or directly "in pack" after sterilization.	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
26690785-3	2016	When weanling Vdr-/- mice are fed a diet containing high levels of calcium, phosphorus and lactose, termed the rescue diet, normalisation of serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels results in prevention of rickets at 10 weeks of age.	Lactose	91-98	vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Mus musculus	14-17
27563008-2	2016	The only reported crystal structure of Gal-2 shows that it is a dimer in which the monomer subunits have almost identical structures, each binding with one molecule of lactose.	Lactose	168-175	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	39-44
27563008-4	2016	In each Gal-2 dimer structure, lactose was shown to be bound to only one of the carbohydrate recognition domain subunits.	Lactose	31-38	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	8-13
27563008-6	2016	In addition, galectin-mediated erythrocyte agglutination assays using lactose and larger complex polysaccharides as inhibitors showed the structural differences between Gal-1 and Gal-2.	Lactose	70-77	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
27563008-6	2016	In addition, galectin-mediated erythrocyte agglutination assays using lactose and larger complex polysaccharides as inhibitors showed the structural differences between Gal-1 and Gal-2.	Lactose	70-77	galectin 2	Homo sapiens	179-184
27448857-12	2016	The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese.	Lactose	44-51	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	12-15
27706451-0	2016	ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF EXOGENOUS LACTASE IN TABLETS FOR PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE DUE TO PRIMARY HYPOLACTASIA.	Lactose	80-87	lactase	Homo sapiens	33-40
27706451-3	2016	Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of a product containing exogenous lactase in tablet form compared to a reference product with proven effectiveness in patients with lactose intolerance.	Lactose	165-172	lactase	Homo sapiens	67-74
27706451-13	2016	Conclusion: The experimental product was non-inferior to the reference product, indicating that it was an effective replacement therapy for endogenous lactase in lactose intolerance patients.	Lactose	162-169	lactase	Homo sapiens	151-158
27026422-2	2016	We hypothesised that lactose-intolerant people (who do not express lactase) will retain intact quercetin glucosides that can inhibit glucose uptake via the glucose transporter SGLT1, whereas lactose-tolerant people (who do express lactase) will hydrolyse quercetin glucosides to free quercetin that does not inhibit glucose uptake.	Lactose	21-28	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
27706731-2	2016	The present study was designed to explore single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons, flanking introns, and promoter of CD4, as well as to analyze their effects on milk production traits (percentage of protein, fat, and lactose; mastitis indicator traits somatic cell count; and somatic cell score).	Lactose	229-236	CD4 molecule	Bos taurus	129-132
27188418-7	2016	Rapamycin (50 nM; an inhibitor of mTOR) attenuated (P &lt; 0.05) the stimulatory effect of AKG on mTOR signaling and syntheses of milk protein and lactose, while relieving (P &lt; 0.05) an inhibitory effect of AKG on expression of proteins related to ERS.	Lactose	147-154	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
27296808-5	2016	Mass spectrometric identification of two lactose-binding peptides after tryptic on-bead fragmentation suggests an interaction at the canonical region despite a sequence change from Arg to Val at the site, which impairs reactivity of human galectin-1.	Lactose	41-48	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	239-249
27457698-6	2016	This finding suggests that a cellobiose transporter (CDT-1) can transport lactose and a beta-glucosidase (GH1-1) can hydrolyze lactose by acting as a beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	74-81	Tah11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-58
27457698-6	2016	This finding suggests that a cellobiose transporter (CDT-1) can transport lactose and a beta-glucosidase (GH1-1) can hydrolyze lactose by acting as a beta-galactosidase.	Lactose	127-134	Tah11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	53-58
27457698-9	2016	The improved lactose fermentation by the EJ2e8 strain was due to the increased copy number of cdt-1 and gh1-1 genes.	Lactose	13-20	Tah11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	94-99
27026422-2	2016	We hypothesised that lactose-intolerant people (who do not express lactase) will retain intact quercetin glucosides that can inhibit glucose uptake via the glucose transporter SGLT1, whereas lactose-tolerant people (who do express lactase) will hydrolyse quercetin glucosides to free quercetin that does not inhibit glucose uptake.	Lactose	21-28	lactase	Homo sapiens	231-238
27554340-4	2016	Additionally, mRNA levels of Gal-9, Tim-3, CD44, CD137, and PDI were significantly increased in the lungs at day 5 after infection, and the levels of CD137, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 in the lungs were also increased after alpha-lactose treatment.	Lactose	250-257	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9	Mus musculus	29-34
27422836-0	2016	Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of beta-GalNAc/GlcNAc-Lactose by a Bifunctional Transglycosylating beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum.	Lactose	61-68	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	106-133
27422836-3	2016	A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase named BbhI, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 20 and was obtained from B. bifidum JCM 1254, possesses the bifunctional property of efficiently transferring both GalNAc and GlcNAc residues through beta1-3 linkage to the Gal residue of lactose.	Lactose	274-281	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	2-29
27422836-6	2016	The model docking of BbhI with lactose showed the possible molecular basis of strict regioselectivity of beta1-3 linkage in beta-N-acetylhexosaminyl lactose synthesis.	Lactose	31-38	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	105-112
27422836-13	2016	In this work, we describe a microbial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase that exhibited strong transglycosylation activity and strict regioselectivity for beta-N-acetylhexosaminyl lactose synthesis and thus provides a powerful synthetic tool to obtain biologically important GalNAcbeta1-3Lac and GlcNAcbeta1-3Lac.	Lactose	173-180	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	38-65
27603891-5	2016	Another cause of lactose intolerance is due to secondary lactase deficiency, which occurs because lactase is reduced due to diseases that affect the intestinal mucosa.	Lactose	17-24	lactase	Homo sapiens	57-64
27427828-10	2016	Binding of sulfated GAGs was completely abolished when Gal-3 was preincubated with beta-lactose.	Lactose	83-95	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	55-60
27427828-11	2016	Cross-linking of Gal-3 by CSA, CSC, and the bovine CSPG was reversed by beta-lactose.	Lactose	72-84	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	17-22
27427828-12	2016	Both observations strongly suggest that GAGs primarily occupy the lactose/LacNAc binding site of Gal-3.	Lactose	66-73	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	97-102
27853717-12	2016	Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks.	Lactose	38-45	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	7-11
26804479-2	2016	alpha1,3-FucT from Helicobacter pylori 26695 (FutA) accepts lactose and LacNAc as glycan acceptors and has a very low level of expression in Escherichia coli, and it shows a low catalytic activity for lactose in the large-scale synthesis of 3-FL.	Lactose	60-67	fucosyltransferase 11	Homo sapiens	0-13
26804479-2	2016	alpha1,3-FucT from Helicobacter pylori 26695 (FutA) accepts lactose and LacNAc as glycan acceptors and has a very low level of expression in Escherichia coli, and it shows a low catalytic activity for lactose in the large-scale synthesis of 3-FL.	Lactose	201-208	fucosyltransferase 11	Homo sapiens	0-13
26916155-4	2016	We continue to describe alpha-lactalbumin, a small globular Ca2+-binding protein, which besides being one of the two components of lactose synthase that catalyzes the final step of the lactose biosynthesis in the lactating mammary gland, possesses a multitude of other functions.	Lactose	131-138	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	24-41
27240674-2	2016	Role of Prolactin gene in determining milk quality in terms of protein profile, lactose, lipids and other imperative macromolecules is very important.	Lactose	80-87	prolactin-like	Bubalus bubalis	8-17
27278812-2	2016	Ohmline, which is a lactose-based glycero-ether lipid, is a lead compound that decreases SK3 channel activity and consequently limits the migration of SK3-expressing cells.	Lactose	20-27	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3	Homo sapiens	89-92
27278812-2	2016	Ohmline, which is a lactose-based glycero-ether lipid, is a lead compound that decreases SK3 channel activity and consequently limits the migration of SK3-expressing cells.	Lactose	20-27	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3	Homo sapiens	151-154
27236766-7	2016	The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated.	Lactose	187-194	galactosidase beta 1	Bos taurus	137-155
27459991-13	2016	Co-incubation of Gal-8 with lactose, which blocks galectin-glycan interactions, abrogated both effects.	Lactose	28-35	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	17-22
27435226-7	2016	RESULTS: The heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle component hnRNPA2B1 was identified as a novel galectin-3 binding protein that associates with the lectin in a lactose-dependent manner in the cell nucleus.	Lactose	164-171	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1	Homo sapiens	64-73
27435226-7	2016	RESULTS: The heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle component hnRNPA2B1 was identified as a novel galectin-3 binding protein that associates with the lectin in a lactose-dependent manner in the cell nucleus.	Lactose	164-171	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	100-110
26916155-4	2016	We continue to describe alpha-lactalbumin, a small globular Ca2+-binding protein, which besides being one of the two components of lactose synthase that catalyzes the final step of the lactose biosynthesis in the lactating mammary gland, possesses a multitude of other functions.	Lactose	185-192	lactalbumin alpha	Homo sapiens	24-41
27234412-6	2016	Gluco-, galacto-, and lactosylceramide are hydrolyzed to ceramide by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, which also hydrolyzes lactose.	Lactose	120-127	lactase	Homo sapiens	69-96
27179860-7	2016	Somatic cell score had strong influences on casein number and lactose, and also affected pH; these were traits characterized by a quadratic pattern of the data.	Lactose	62-69	SCS	Bos taurus	0-18
27091926-7	2016	Increasing the infectious dose of LAC to 10(5) CFU negated these differences in IL-12p40 knockout animals, demonstrating the importance of bacterial inoculum on infection outcome.	Lactose	34-37	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	80-88
27241245-5	2016	First, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory enzyme, is directly stimulated by various components of milk (e.g. casein, calcium, lactose and even fat).	Lactose	168-175	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	7-38
27241245-5	2016	First, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory enzyme, is directly stimulated by various components of milk (e.g. casein, calcium, lactose and even fat).	Lactose	168-175	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	40-43
26712573-5	2016	As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced.	Lactose	79-86	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	74-78
26613803-7	2016	Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	103-110	alpha-S2-casein	Capra hircus	73-79
26613803-7	2016	Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	123-130	alpha-S2-casein	Capra hircus	73-79
26613803-7	2016	Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	123-130	alpha-S2-casein	Capra hircus	73-79
26613803-7	2016	Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	123-130	alpha-S2-casein	Capra hircus	73-79
27018312-2	2016	The capabilities of the technology are examined in a comprehensive analysis of the effects of a variety of diverse factors on the performance of enzyme beta-galactosidase in formulations for reduction of levels of lactose in infant milks.	Lactose	214-221	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	152-170
27159559-1	2016	The inability to digest lactose, due to lactase nonpersistence, is a common trait in adult mammals, except in certain human populations that exhibit lactase persistence.	Lactose	24-31	lactase	Homo sapiens	40-47
27229304-6	2016	In vitro, 12 mM glucose enhanced lactose content, along with the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the lactose biosynthesis pathway, including GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, beta4GalT-I, and AKT1.	Lactose	128-135	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Bos taurus	168-173
27229304-6	2016	In vitro, 12 mM glucose enhanced lactose content, along with the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the lactose biosynthesis pathway, including GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, beta4GalT-I, and AKT1.	Lactose	128-135	solute carrier family 35 member A2	Bos taurus	175-182
27229304-7	2016	In addition, we found that AKT1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and lactose synthesis as well as expression of GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, and beta4GalT-I.	Lactose	68-75	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Bos taurus	27-31
27229304-9	2016	Protein kinase B alpha acts as a regulator of metabolism in dairy cow mammary gland to mediate the effects of glucose on lactose synthesis.	Lactose	121-128	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Bos taurus	0-22
26805971-8	2016	The 24h-MI reduced milk yield by 23% (7.8 kg on average) and milk lactose content by 2.6g/kg on the 24h-MI day.	Lactose	66-73	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	61-65
26878290-7	2016	In addition, the first process, attributed to water-lactose complexes, obeys the Meyer-Neldel compensation law and can be taken as evidence of differing interfaces of these complexes with the bulk water of the milk, mediated by the lactose concentration.	Lactose	52-59	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	210-214
26878290-7	2016	In addition, the first process, attributed to water-lactose complexes, obeys the Meyer-Neldel compensation law and can be taken as evidence of differing interfaces of these complexes with the bulk water of the milk, mediated by the lactose concentration.	Lactose	232-239	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	210-214
26923048-4	2016	Heating in the presence of lactose resulted in significant Maillard modification (both lactosylation and carboxymethylation) to both bovine lactoferrin and beta-lactoglobulin.	Lactose	27-34	lactotransferrin	Bos taurus	140-151
26923048-4	2016	Heating in the presence of lactose resulted in significant Maillard modification (both lactosylation and carboxymethylation) to both bovine lactoferrin and beta-lactoglobulin.	Lactose	27-34	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	156-174
26906109-1	2016	The interactions of the sugars glucose and lactose with the transport protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using fluorescence, FT-IR and circular dichroism (CD) techniques.	Lactose	43-50	albumin	Homo sapiens	85-98
26812986-0	2016	Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.	Lactose	39-46	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	16-20
26812986-2	2016	The efficiency of milk synthesis can be improved by taking advantage of the accumulated knowledge of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in the synthesis of fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland.	Lactose	232-239	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	18-22
26768724-2	2016	The proposed method involves the production of highly-porous lactose with a BET surface area of 20 +- 1 m(2)/g as an excipient using a templating method and the incorporation of drug into the porous structure by adsorption from a solution of the drug in ethanol.	Lactose	61-68	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	76-79
26883478-3	2016	Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker.	Lactose	8-15	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	230-240
26883478-3	2016	Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker.	Lactose	215-222	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	230-240
26723114-12	2016	In the peripartum period, monocyte GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and the GLUT3/GLUT1 ratio were negatively correlated with lactose production.	Lactose	120-127	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3	Bos taurus	70-75
26723114-12	2016	In the peripartum period, monocyte GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and the GLUT3/GLUT1 ratio were negatively correlated with lactose production.	Lactose	120-127	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Bos taurus	76-81
26615007-4	2016	The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively.	Lactose	131-138	2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase	Salmo salar	41-46
26615007-4	2016	The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively.	Lactose	131-138	60S ribosomal protein L9	Salmo salar	48-52
26615007-4	2016	The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively.	Lactose	131-138	cathepsin Bb	Salmo salar	54-58
26827776-2	2016	Functionalized dendrimer-like hierarchically porous silica nanoparticles (HPSNs) was fabricated for assembling beta-galactosidase nanobiocatalysts for bioconversion of lactose to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS).	Lactose	168-175	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	111-129
26768724-6	2016	The final loaded lactose particles had large BET surface areas and high porosities, which significantly increased the crushing strengths of the produced tablets.	Lactose	17-24	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	45-48
26743206-3	2016	The glycation by lactose as dominant sugar in milk has been recently investigated, whereas the contribution of hexoses remains open.	Lactose	17-24	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	46-50
26743206-7	2016	Lactose-free milk contained significantly higher hexosylation degrees than the corresponding regular milk product.	Lactose	0-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	13-17
26743206-8	2016	Interestingly, the glycation degrees varied considerably among different brands with lactose-free UHT milk and infant formula showing the highest levels.	Lactose	85-92	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	102-106
26743206-10	2016	This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits.	Lactose	141-148	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	117-121
26743206-10	2016	This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits.	Lactose	141-148	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	154-158
26743206-10	2016	This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits.	Lactose	194-201	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	154-158
26828567-0	2016	Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3"-sulfo-lactose, and 2"-fucosyllactose.	Lactose	117-124	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	37-47
26601570-1	2016	BACKGROUND: According to the prevailing theory about the genetic background to lactose intolerance, there are three genotypes but only two adult physiological phenotypes: lactase persistence in individuals with the CT and TT genotypes and lactase non-persistence in individuals with the CC genotype.	Lactose	79-86	lactase	Homo sapiens	171-178
26601570-1	2016	BACKGROUND: According to the prevailing theory about the genetic background to lactose intolerance, there are three genotypes but only two adult physiological phenotypes: lactase persistence in individuals with the CT and TT genotypes and lactase non-persistence in individuals with the CC genotype.	Lactose	79-86	lactase	Homo sapiens	239-246
26601570-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with the CT and TT genotypes, hitherto classified as lactase-persistent, differ in their physiological response to lactose intake, indicating differences in phenotype which could have clinical significance.	Lactose	137-144	lactase	Homo sapiens	75-82
26304417-3	2016	The isomerized permeate was subsequently purified to a lactulose-rich product (LRP;   70% lactulose content to total sugar) through crystallizing lactose out by methanol.	Lactose	146-153	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
26828567-6	2016	Galectin-4"s overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs.	Lactose	55-62	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
27834127-2	2016	Reactions involving excipients have been confirmed to be IgE mediated by the demonstration of specific-IgE to excipients such as carboxymethylcellulose and lactose.	Lactose	156-163	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	57-60
26518119-0	2016	Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is a key inhibitory factor for lactose synthesis pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells.	Lactose	67-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	26-35
26518119-3	2016	In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) directly influence the lactose synthesis pathway by using two types of murine MEC culture models: the monolayer culture of MECs to induce lactogenesis; and the three-dimensional culture of MECs surrounded by Matrigel to induce reconstitution of the alveolar structure in vitro.	Lactose	117-124	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-72
26518119-3	2016	In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) directly influence the lactose synthesis pathway by using two types of murine MEC culture models: the monolayer culture of MECs to induce lactogenesis; and the three-dimensional culture of MECs surrounded by Matrigel to induce reconstitution of the alveolar structure in vitro.	Lactose	117-124	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	88-92
26518119-4	2016	TNF-alpha caused severe down-regulation of lactose synthesis-related genes concurrently with the degradation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) from the basolateral membranes in MECs.	Lactose	43-50	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	0-9
26518119-6	2016	IL-6 caused both up-regulation and down-regulation of the expression levels of lactose synthesis-related genes in MECs.	Lactose	79-86	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	0-4
26518119-7	2016	These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs.	Lactose	88-95	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	28-37
26518119-7	2016	These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs.	Lactose	88-95	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	39-47
26518119-7	2016	These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs.	Lactose	88-95	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	53-57
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	13-22
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	47-55
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	76-81
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	99-107
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	112-117
26518119-8	2016	Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway.	Lactose	202-209	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	185-194
26728963-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The expression of lactase which digests lactose from milk in humans is generally lost after weaning, but selected mutations influencing the promoter of the lactase gene have spread into the human populations.	Lactose	52-59	lactase	Homo sapiens	30-37
26728963-1	2016	BACKGROUND: The expression of lactase which digests lactose from milk in humans is generally lost after weaning, but selected mutations influencing the promoter of the lactase gene have spread into the human populations.	Lactose	52-59	lactase	Homo sapiens	168-175
26538236-2	2016	The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 (SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk.	Lactose	90-97	solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	26-30
26538236-2	2016	The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 (SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk.	Lactose	90-97	solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	32-39
27834127-2	2016	Reactions involving excipients have been confirmed to be IgE mediated by the demonstration of specific-IgE to excipients such as carboxymethylcellulose and lactose.	Lactose	156-163	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	103-106
26547648-10	2016	Although PRL injections were not sufficient to restore milk yield, they tended to increase milk protein and lactose yields and increased the viability of mammary epithelial cells purified from milk.	Lactose	108-115	prolactin	Bos taurus	9-12
26646771-7	2016	We also found that lactose can still bind to the CRD S-face of GM-bound Gal-3, with the binding of one ligand attenuating affinity of the other.	Lactose	19-26	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	72-77
26586589-0	2016	Hydrolysis of whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase in a bioreactor with a spirally wound membrane.	Lactose	19-26	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	42-60
26586589-2	2016	The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of lactose (4.7%) by immobilized beta-galactosidase in a batch process were determined 13.6 U enzyme activity, 40 C, pH 6.8 and 10h.	Lactose	41-48	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	71-89
27697034-4	2016	As measured for the respective parental proteins, its binding to (neo)glycoproteins is specific for beta-galactosides and inhibitable by lactose, with KD-value closer to galectin-8 than galectin-3.	Lactose	137-144	galectin 8	Homo sapiens	170-180
27005497-1	2016	Neonatal lactose intolerance syndrome is a series of digestive system symptoms caused by the lack of lactase, and could not fully digest the lactose in breast milk or cow milk.	Lactose	9-16	lactase	Bos taurus	101-108
27697034-4	2016	As measured for the respective parental proteins, its binding to (neo)glycoproteins is specific for beta-galactosides and inhibitable by lactose, with KD-value closer to galectin-8 than galectin-3.	Lactose	137-144	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	186-196
27697034-6	2016	Applied as histochemical tool on tissue sections of murine jejunum and epididymis, intense lactose-inhibitable signals were recorded intracellularly, with a distribution profile akin to that of galectin-3.	Lactose	91-98	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	194-204
26497328-10	2015	In addition to these findings, cell adhesion to galectin-3 was markedly inhibited by treatment with beta-lactose compared to treatment with sucrose.	Lactose	100-112	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	48-58
26703668-8	2015	Because of the presence of lactase-producing cultures, yogurt is often a more easily digestible alternative to milk, and thus more palatable to people who experience symptoms of lactose intolerance.	Lactose	178-185	lactase	Homo sapiens	27-34
26458820-4	2015	Results showed that addition of lactose the mid-log phase to make the concentration back to the initial level generates higher lysozyme production (177 U/ml) compared with lactose addition in late-log phase (174 U/ml) (p &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	32-39	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	127-135
26458820-5	2015	Moreover, fed-batch fermentation with glucose as initial carbon source and continuous addition of lactose with 0.6 ml/min for 10 h demonstrated significantly higher lysozyme production (187 U/ml) compared to the batch fermentation (173 U/ml) (p &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	98-105	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	165-173
26638082-4	2015	Firstly, we show that a recombinant N-terminal, cytosolic domain of AtKUP7(1-100) is able to complement the AC-deficient mutant cyaA in Escherichia coli and thus restoring the fermentation of lactose, and secondly, we demonstrate with both enzyme immunoassays and mass spectrometry that a recombinant AtKUP7(1-100) generates cAMP in vitro.	Lactose	192-199	K+ uptake permease 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-74
26291713-1	2015	When lactose was incubated with G794A-beta-galactosidase (a variant with a "closed" active site loop that binds transition state analogs well) an allolactose was trapped with its Gal moiety in a (4)H3 conformation, similar to the oxocarbenium ion-like conformation expected of the transition state.	Lactose	5-12	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	38-56
26325323-0	2015	In vivo pharmacological evaluation of a lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue.	Lactose	40-47	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-96
26325323-1	2015	In the current study, the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was examined following oral administration in male rats.	Lactose	66-73	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-128
26325323-1	2015	In the current study, the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was examined following oral administration in male rats.	Lactose	66-73	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-122
26325323-2	2015	A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry technique was developed and applied for measuring the concentration of lactose[Q(1)][w(6)]LHRH (compound 1) in rat plasma in order to allow measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters.	Lactose	133-140	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
25842188-0	2015	Lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology.	Lactose	0-7	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	22-40
26325323-10	2015	These findings showed that the lactose derivative of LHRH has a therapeutic potential to be further developed as an orally active therapeutics for the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases.	Lactose	31-38	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
25842188-1	2015	In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized beta-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose.	Lactose	62-69	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	108-126
26275984-7	2015	Patients with hyperprolactinaemia had higher urinary excretion of lactose than normoprolactinemic controls and urinary lactose correlated positively to prolactin levels (r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	66-73	prolactin	Homo sapiens	19-28
26275984-7	2015	Patients with hyperprolactinaemia had higher urinary excretion of lactose than normoprolactinemic controls and urinary lactose correlated positively to prolactin levels (r = 0.51, p &lt; 0.05).	Lactose	119-126	prolactin	Homo sapiens	19-28
26275984-9	2015	The acidic oligosaccharide 3-sialyl lactose was found in high amount in urine from two patients with prolactin of &gt;10,000 mU/l.	Lactose	36-43	prolactin	Homo sapiens	101-110
26886772-12	2015	The existence of a dynamic prolactin-induced sorting machinery for GLUT1 could be important for transport of free glucose into the Golgi for lactose synthesis during lactation.	Lactose	141-148	prolactin	Homo sapiens	27-36
26886772-12	2015	The existence of a dynamic prolactin-induced sorting machinery for GLUT1 could be important for transport of free glucose into the Golgi for lactose synthesis during lactation.	Lactose	141-148	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
26495044-9	2015	Galectin-1 binding to LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers was specific because it could be inhibited by excess soluble beta-lactose, a galectin-binding carbohydrate.	Lactose	105-117	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	0-10
25843303-7	2015	The major findings were, that HEX1 and HEX2 catalyze trans-glycosylation reactions with lactose as acceptor, giving rise to the human milk oligosaccharide precursor lacto-N-triose II (LNT2) with yields of 2 and 8 % based on the donor substrate.	Lactose	88-95	exonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
26329882-8	2015	Oral infusion of FGF21 into neonatal pups induced expression of intestinal hormone factors and digestive enzymes, lactase activity and lactose absorption.	Lactose	135-142	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	17-22
26254527-4	2015	Milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and milk lactose yield all increased in response to higher levels of dietary energy, whereas contents of milk fat and lactose were unaffected.	Lactose	53-60	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	48-52
26254527-4	2015	Milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and milk lactose yield all increased in response to higher levels of dietary energy, whereas contents of milk fat and lactose were unaffected.	Lactose	53-60	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	48-52
26393648-3	2015	Lactose intolerance depends not only on the expression of lactase but also on the dose of lactose, intestinal flora, gastrointestinal motility, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract to the generation of gas and other fermentation products of lactose digestion.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	58-65
25956382-2	2015	Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides" half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly.	Lactose	45-52	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
25956382-2	2015	Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides" half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly.	Lactose	54-57	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
26768639-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Lactase is an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose.	Lactose	63-70	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-19
26271614-4	2015	RESULTS: We show that the MET3 system can only be applied for T. reesei when the cellulase inducing carbon source lactose is used but not when wheat straw, a relevant lignocellulosic substrate for enzyme production, is employed.	Lactose	114-121	sulfate adenylyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
26077389-4	2015	Here we report the first X-ray crystallographic structural information on human galectin-4, specifically the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of human (galectin-4C) in complex with lactose, lactose-3"-sulfate, 2"-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose.	Lactose	191-198	galectin 4	Homo sapiens	80-90
26142855-4	2015	In addition, we found significant effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on lactose content and lactose yield.	Lactose	71-78	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	49-54
26142855-4	2015	In addition, we found significant effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on lactose content and lactose yield.	Lactose	91-98	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	49-54
26142855-8	2015	Significant DGAT1 by lactation stage interaction was detected for milk yield, lactose yield, fat content, and protein content, indicating that the effect of the DGAT1 polymorphism changes during lactation.	Lactose	78-85	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	12-17
26142855-8	2015	Significant DGAT1 by lactation stage interaction was detected for milk yield, lactose yield, fat content, and protein content, indicating that the effect of the DGAT1 polymorphism changes during lactation.	Lactose	78-85	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	161-166
26287234-0	2015	Adaptation to Lactose in Lactase Non Persistent People: Effects on Intolerance and the Relationship between Dairy Food Consumption and Evalution of Diseases.	Lactose	14-21	lactase	Homo sapiens	25-32
26287234-2	2015	Yet, evolution of lactase persistence has divided the human species into those that can or cannot digest lactose in adulthood.	Lactose	105-112	lactase	Homo sapiens	18-25
26287234-4	2015	The literature is reviewed to explore how the divide affects lactose handling by lactase non persistent persons.	Lactose	61-68	lactase	Homo sapiens	81-88
25907067-7	2015	PANI-, PAMP-, and DEAE-lactase showed a high percentage of conversion (100%, 47%, and 12%) after a 1 h lactose hydrolysis reaction.	Lactose	103-110	adrenomedullin	Homo sapiens	7-11
25907067-7	2015	PANI-, PAMP-, and DEAE-lactase showed a high percentage of conversion (100%, 47%, and 12%) after a 1 h lactose hydrolysis reaction.	Lactose	103-110	lactase	Homo sapiens	23-30
25847182-0	2015	Improving Milk Intake in Milk-Averse Lactose Digesters and Maldigesters.	Lactose	37-44	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	10-14
25722137-2	2015	These hydrogels containing immobilized enzymes were employed to simulate the production of lactose-free food and controlled release of beta-galactosidase into lactose-intolerant individuals.	Lactose	159-166	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	135-153
26204835-7	2015	The results of kit methods and western blot analysis showed that 14-3-3gamma overexpression promoted the secretion of triglycerides and lactose and the synthesis of beta-casein.	Lactose	136-143	tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma	Homo sapiens	65-76
25847182-0	2015	Improving Milk Intake in Milk-Averse Lactose Digesters and Maldigesters.	Lactose	37-44	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	25-29
25847182-10	2015	RESULTS: Lactose digesters and maldigesters showed a significant decrease in overall symptom scores after the milk intervention, with no significant difference between groups.	Lactose	9-16	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	110-114
26047337-1	2015	beta-Galactosidase was immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and was used to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose.	Lactose	142-149	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
26161153-2	2015	Pre-induced lac operon provides benefit on lactose environment.	Lactose	43-50	lactase	Homo sapiens	12-15
25962497-10	2015	We conclude that the fermented donkey milk could be configured as health and nutraceutical food, which aims to meet nutritional requirements of certain consumers groups with lactose or cow milk protein intolerance.	Lactose	174-181	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	38-42
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	148-155	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Ovis aries	88-93
26124876-1	2015	Four generations of lactose-functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) were employed to further the understanding of multivalent galectin-1 mediated interactions.	Lactose	20-27	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	124-134
25851903-6	2015	Loss of ZnT2 led to reduced milk volume and milk containing less protein, fat, and lactose compared with wild-type littermates, implicating ZnT2 in the regulation of mammary differentiation and optimal milk production during lactation.	Lactose	83-90	solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	8-12
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	148-155	sodium/glucose cotransporter 1	Ovis aries	95-100
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	148-155	alpha-lactalbumin	Ovis aries	123-128
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	173-180	solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1	Ovis aries	88-93
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	173-180	sodium/glucose cotransporter 1	Ovis aries	95-100
25704663-7	2015	A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively.	Lactose	173-180	alpha-lactalbumin	Ovis aries	123-128
25881162-0	2015	Congenital lactose intolerance is triggered by severe mutations on both alleles of the lactase gene.	Lactose	11-18	lactase	Homo sapiens	87-94
25448164-1	2015	Lactase persistence (LP), the ability to digest lactose into adulthood, is strongly associated with the cultural traits of pastoralism and milk-drinking among human populations, and several different genetic variants are known that confer LP.	Lactose	48-55	lactase	Homo sapiens	0-7
25855879-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Adult assimilation of lactose divides humans into dominant lactase-persistent and recessive nonpersistent phenotypes.	Lactose	34-41	lactase	Homo sapiens	71-78
25855879-2	2015	OBJECTIVES: To review three medical parameters of lactose digestion, namely: the changing concept of lactose intolerance; the possible impact on diseases of microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations; and the possibility that the evolution of lactase has influenced some disease pattern distributions.	Lactose	50-57	lactase	Homo sapiens	258-265
25855879-5	2015	Microbial adaptation to regular lactose consumption in lactase-nonpersistent individuals is supported by limited evidence.	Lactose	32-39	lactase	Homo sapiens	55-62
25903910-4	2015	The bulkier "bent" Gb3 trisaccharide group makes the membrane mechanics distinctly different from cylindrical disaccharide (lactose) head groups and shorter "bent" disaccharide (gentiobiose) head groups.	Lactose	124-131	alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group)	Homo sapiens	19-22
25903363-3	2015	We further demonstrate that lactose functionalized glycodendrimers multivalently bind a different member of the galectin family, i.e., galectin-1.	Lactose	28-35	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	135-145
25903363-4	2015	In a modified ELISA, galectin-3 recruitment by glycodendrimers was shown to directly depend on the ratio of low to high affinity ligands on the dendrimers, with lactose-functionalized dendrimers having the highest activity and also binding well to galectin-1.	Lactose	161-168	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	21-31
25903363-4	2015	In a modified ELISA, galectin-3 recruitment by glycodendrimers was shown to directly depend on the ratio of low to high affinity ligands on the dendrimers, with lactose-functionalized dendrimers having the highest activity and also binding well to galectin-1.	Lactose	161-168	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	248-258
25489662-6	2015	Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis.	Lactose	28-40	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	14-24
25662390-4	2015	However, the reported structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with lactose showed that the number of water molecules are different and the water positions are inconsistent in the ligand-binding site.	Lactose	95-102	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	36-41
25662390-5	2015	This study reported four high-resolution (1.24-1.19 A) structures of Gal-3 CRD complexed with lactose, and accurately located 12 conserved water molecules in the water network of Gal-3 CRD ligand-binding site by merging these structures.	Lactose	94-101	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	69-74
25662390-5	2015	This study reported four high-resolution (1.24-1.19 A) structures of Gal-3 CRD complexed with lactose, and accurately located 12 conserved water molecules in the water network of Gal-3 CRD ligand-binding site by merging these structures.	Lactose	94-101	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	179-184
25662390-6	2015	These water molecules either directly stabilize the binding of Gal-3 CRD and lactose, or hold the former water molecules at the right place.	Lactose	77-84	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	63-68
25733920-1	2015	AIM: Lactose and complex carbohydrates maldigestion, common food intolerances due to low gut content of alpha- and beta-galactosidase, lead to abdominal symptoms including pain, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and cramping.	Lactose	5-12	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	104-133
25569787-3	2015	On the basis of this method, we introduce here a quantity named energetic coupling, which we show is able to discriminate allosterically active mutants of the lactose repressor (LacI) protein, and of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), a dynamically driven allosteric protein.	Lactose	159-166	tissue factor pathway inhibitor	Homo sapiens	178-182
25489662-6	2015	Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis.	Lactose	28-40	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
25489662-6	2015	Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis.	Lactose	28-40	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	61-71
26715080-0	2015	Lactose nutrition in lactase nonpersisters.	Lactose	0-7	lactase	Homo sapiens	21-28
25172757-1	2015	Physicochemical and acid gelation properties of UHT-treated commercial soy, oat, quinoa, rice and lactose-free bovine milks were studied.	Lactose	98-105	UHT	Bos taurus	48-51
25434337-10	2015	Lactose percentage in milk was reduced on d 3, 4, 5, and 6 after challenge in treatment cows compared with controls.	Lactose	0-7	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	22-26
25434337-14	2015	Changes in percentage of lactose in milk and animal activity caused by experimentally induced Strep.	Lactose	25-32	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	36-40
25472532-3	2015	In the lactating mammary gland, PRL increases the production of milk proteins, lactose, and lipids.	Lactose	79-86	prolactin	Homo sapiens	32-35
24837171-9	2015	These effects were attenuated in Gal3(-/-) HPCs and in wild type HPCs treated with the Gal-3 inhibitor lactose.	Lactose	103-110	lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3	Mus musculus	87-92
25281930-9	2015	Although lactose genetic test is a good predictor of persistence/non-persistence lactase in specific population, its use in the central-south Italy population should be limited given the high prevalence of the CCGG diplotype in normal individuals.	Lactose	9-16	lactase	Homo sapiens	81-88
26715080-6	2015	Once intestinal lactase activity declines in most infants, lactose may enhance innate immunity through the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), which is best achieved by lactose synergy with other colonic fermentation metabolites such as butyrate.	Lactose	59-66	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	107-141
26715080-6	2015	Once intestinal lactase activity declines in most infants, lactose may enhance innate immunity through the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), which is best achieved by lactose synergy with other colonic fermentation metabolites such as butyrate.	Lactose	59-66	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	143-147
26155753-7	2015	However, the viability of LSCs was decreased by addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-1 binding activity.	Lactose	60-72	galectin 1	Bos taurus	114-124
25367374-5	2015	Previously, we reported the crystal structure of hGal-7 and its complex with galactose and lactose which provided insight into its molecular recognition and detailed interactions.	Lactose	79-86	galectin 7	Homo sapiens	49-55
26255464-6	2015	Inference of the impact of polymorphism in the PRLR and CSN2 loci on the fat and lactose content of sow milk demonstrated considerable variability.	Lactose	81-88	prolactin receptor	Homo sapiens	47-51
26255464-6	2015	Inference of the impact of polymorphism in the PRLR and CSN2 loci on the fat and lactose content of sow milk demonstrated considerable variability.	Lactose	81-88	casein beta	Homo sapiens	56-60
26761829-7	2015	Fat and lactose contents in the yogurt-cheese made with added soy milk were lower.	Lactose	8-15	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	66-70
25253157-5	2015	Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect.	Lactose	101-108	galectin 1	Homo sapiens	49-59
26761881-0	2015	Galactooligosaccharide and Sialyllactose Content in Commercial Lactose Powders from Goat and Cow Milk.	Lactose	63-70	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	97-101
26761881-1	2015	The most commonly used infant formulas contain lactose originating from cow milk.	Lactose	47-54	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	76-80
26761881-3	2015	In baby foods, much emphasis is placed on the concentrations of intestinal microflora-promoting oligosaccharides, which are generally transferred into lactose from milk during crystallization process.	Lactose	151-158	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	164-168
25253157-5	2015	Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect.	Lactose	101-108	galectin 3	Homo sapiens	64-74
25670982-1	2014	All mammals lose their ability to produce lactase (beta-galactosidase), the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning.	Lactose	96-103	lactase	Homo sapiens	42-49
25670982-1	2014	All mammals lose their ability to produce lactase (beta-galactosidase), the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning.	Lactose	96-103	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-69
25670982-6	2014	In this work, gels obtained by complexation of Tetronic 90R4 with alpha-cyclodextrin loaded with beta-galactosidase are proposed as a way to administer the enzyme immediately before or with the lactose-containing meal.	Lactose	194-201	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	97-115