PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text comp_official_name comp_offsetprotein_name organism prot_offset 24579696-5 2014 On average, the estimated GIF and POV for chlorinated compounds were larger than those for their brominated counterparts, with the largest and smallest values found for polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated dibenzodioxins, respectively. Polychlorinated Biphenyls 169-194 cobalamin binding intrinsic factor Homo sapiens 26-29 24579696-5 2014 On average, the estimated GIF and POV for chlorinated compounds were larger than those for their brominated counterparts, with the largest and smallest values found for polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated dibenzodioxins, respectively. dibenzodioxin 214-228 cobalamin binding intrinsic factor Homo sapiens 26-29 28797814-6 2018 Additionally, we showed that L-929 cells expressed little galectin-3 (Gal-3) and that lactose, an inhibitor of Gal-3 did not block the activities of HG- and RGI-rich pectins, implicating that cell migration inhibited by pectin did not correlate to Gal-3. Lactose 86-93 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 111-116 28602126-7 2017 Normalized LAC ratio was positively correlated with D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procoagulant activity of coagulating factor VIII, and negatively correlated with antithrombin activity, respectively ( P < .01). Lactose 11-14 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A Homo sapiens 121-125 28602126-7 2017 Normalized LAC ratio was positively correlated with D-dimer, fibrinogen, and procoagulant activity of coagulating factor VIII, and negatively correlated with antithrombin activity, respectively ( P < .01). Lactose 11-14 serpin family C member 1 Homo sapiens 158-170 28934590-9 2017 Most notably, higher levels of beneficial gut bacteria called Bifidobacteria are associated with the human lactase nonpersister genotype, which typically confers lactose intolerance, in several different human populations. Lactose 162-169 lactase Homo sapiens 107-114 28947679-9 2017 PPARgamma modulation was able to improve symptoms induced by lactose-enriched diet in weaned rats. Lactose 61-68 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Rattus norvegicus 0-9 28859276-0 2017 Characterization of a lactose-responsive promoter of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene from Lactobacillus acidophilus 05-172. Lactose 22-29 ABC transporter Lactobacillus acidophilus 53-91 28249763-2 2017 Here high-pressure solution NMR spectroscopy is used to provide an atomic level view of the pressure induced structural transition of the lactose repressor regulatory domain (LacI* RD) bound to the ligand IPTG. Lactose 138-145 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 175-179 28821216-0 2017 Successful Treatment With Phenobarbital Following Lactase Supplementation in an Infant With Lactose Intolerance. Lactose 92-99 lactase Homo sapiens 50-57 28490136-3 2017 Binding constant of BLG glycated by milk sugar lactose to EGCG was measured by the method of fluorophore quenching. Lactose 47-54 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 20-23 28649731-3 2017 The molecular recognition event of the specific ligand, lactose, by Gal-3 in crowding conditions was evaluated. Lactose 56-63 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 68-73 28649731-8 2017 We show that serum proteins interact with Gal-3, through their alpha2,3-linked sialylgalactose moieties exposed at their surfaces, competing with lactose for the same binding site. Lactose 87-94 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 42-47 29088854-1 2017 PURPOSE: This study aims at preclinical evaluation of a recently reported lactose analogue, 1"-18F-fluoroethyl-beta-D-lactose (18F-FEL), in binding to hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas and pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) in vitro and in vivo. Lactose 74-81 regenerating family member 3 alpha Homo sapiens 151-221 29088854-1 2017 PURPOSE: This study aims at preclinical evaluation of a recently reported lactose analogue, 1"-18F-fluoroethyl-beta-D-lactose (18F-FEL), in binding to hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas and pancreatitis-associated protein (HIP/PAP) in vitro and in vivo. Lactose 74-81 regenerating family member 3 alpha Homo sapiens 223-230 28981265-0 2017 Solid-in-Oil-in-Water Emulsions for Delivery of Lactase To Control in Vitro Hydrolysis of Lactose in Milk. Lactose 90-97 lactase Homo sapiens 48-55 28981265-1 2017 There is an established need to deliver lactase in milk to retain activity during storage and hydrolyze lactose after ingestion. Lactose 104-111 lactase Homo sapiens 40-47 28981265-6 2017 Therefore, the studied S/O/W emulsions have the potential to deliver lactase in milk for lactose-intolerant consumers. Lactose 89-96 lactase Homo sapiens 69-76 28727149-9 2017 The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Lactose 74-81 elastin Homo sapiens 4-11 28727149-9 2017 The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Lactose 74-81 elastin Homo sapiens 130-137 28727149-9 2017 The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Lactose 74-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 254-295 28727149-9 2017 The elastin peptide-induced ALP activity was prevented by incubation with lactose or a neuraminidase inhibitor, which inhibit the elastin receptor complex, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 inhibitor, indicating downstream involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation. Lactose 74-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 297-303 29093555-8 2017 Addition of anti-fibronectin antibody and beta-lactose, a galectin-3 antagonist, significantly blocked DC exosome-mediated HIV-1 infection of T-cells. Lactose 42-54 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 58-68 26713460-1 2017 The genetically programmed reduction in lactase activity during adulthood affects 70% of the world adult population and can cause severe digestive disorders, which are the sign of lactose intolerance. Lactose 180-187 lactase Homo sapiens 40-47 26713460-2 2017 Lactose intolerance symptoms vary depending on the residual lactase activity, the small bowel transit time, and especially the amount of ingested lactose. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 60-67 29024663-4 2017 Pharmacologically, modulating histone acetylation with acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) or acetyl-N-cysteine (NAC) rapidly increases xCT and activates a network with mGlu2 receptors to prime an enhanced glutamate homeostasis that promotes both pro-resilient and antidepressant-like responses. Lactose 75-78 solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11 Mus musculus 125-128 28859276-1 2017 A novel lactose-responsive promoter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter gene Lba1680 of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain 05-172 isolated from a traditionally fermented dairy product koumiss was characterized. Lactose 8-15 ABC transporter Lactobacillus acidophilus 43-81 28855970-1 2017 BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose after weaning, namely, lactase persistence (LP), is encoded by polymorphisms in the MCM6 gene and varies widely in frequency among different human populations. Lactose 34-41 lactase Homo sapiens 65-72 28498622-4 2017 In the presence of the galectin-3 inhibitor, lactose, the M2 marker (mannose receptor) was down-regulated while the M1 marker (iNOS) was up-regulated on smooth and rough surfaces. Lactose 45-52 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 23-33 28498622-4 2017 In the presence of the galectin-3 inhibitor, lactose, the M2 marker (mannose receptor) was down-regulated while the M1 marker (iNOS) was up-regulated on smooth and rough surfaces. Lactose 45-52 mannose receptor C-type 1 Homo sapiens 58-86 28498622-9 2017 Lactose treatment significantly reduced the cell area on all topographies suggesting that the galectin-3 is also involved in signaling complexes triggering the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. Lactose 0-7 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 94-104 28426286-1 2017 Lactase persistence-the ability of adults to digest the lactose in milk-varies widely in frequency across human populations. Lactose 56-63 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 28426286-5 2017 Why was lactase persistence strongly selected for even though milk processing can reduce the amount of lactose? Lactose 103-110 lactase Homo sapiens 8-15 28855970-1 2017 BACKGROUND: The ability to digest lactose after weaning, namely, lactase persistence (LP), is encoded by polymorphisms in the MCM6 gene and varies widely in frequency among different human populations. Lactose 34-41 minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 Homo sapiens 126-130 28193539-2 2017 alpha-lactalbumin binds beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase to form the regulatory subunit for lactose synthesis and has also been shown to cause cell death. Lactose 90-97 lactalbumin alpha Bos taurus 0-17 28813004-4 2017 Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Lactose 37-44 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 225-235 28813004-4 2017 Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Lactose 37-44 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 237-242 28813004-4 2017 Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Lactose 37-44 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 245-255 28813004-4 2017 Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Lactose 37-44 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 257-262 28813004-4 2017 Consistent dissociation constants of lactose binding were derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry and bio-layer interferometry for human galectin-1 (hGal1), galectin-7 (hGal7), and the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of galectin-8 (hGal8NTD and hGal8CTD, respectively). Lactose 37-44 galectin 8 Homo sapiens 310-320 28813004-6 2017 Structural mapping of chemical shift perturbations revealed long-range perturbations upon lactose binding for hGal1 and hGal8NTD. Lactose 90-97 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 110-115 28813004-7 2017 We further demonstrated using the NMR-based hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) that lactose binding increases the exchange rates of residues located on the opposite side of the ligand-binding pocket for hGal1 and hGal8NTD, indicative of allostery. Lactose 83-90 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 202-207 28601462-10 2017 Milk lactose yields were higher on the corn and glycerol diets than the basal diet. Lactose 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 28718798-6 2017 The RED and TURQUOISE modules were significantly correlated ( r > 0.5) with both SCC and lactose. Lactose 93-100 SCC Bos taurus 85-88 28718798-9 2017 miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose. Lactose 118-125 microRNA 18a Bos taurus 0-7 28718798-9 2017 miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose. Lactose 118-125 microRNA 221 Bos taurus 9-16 28718798-9 2017 miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose. Lactose 118-125 homeobox A7 Bos taurus 56-61 28718798-9 2017 miR-18a, miR-221/222 cluster, and transcription factors HOXA7, and NOTCH 3 and 4, are important for the regulation of lactose. Lactose 118-125 notch receptor 3 Bos taurus 67-80 28718798-11 2017 Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC. Lactose 178-185 phosphatase and tensin homolog Bos taurus 119-123 28718798-11 2017 Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC. Lactose 178-185 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 138-142 28718798-11 2017 Important signaling pathways enriched for target genes of miRNAs of significant modules, included protein kinase A and PTEN signaling for milk yield, eNOS and Noth signaling for lactose, and TGF beta, HIPPO, Wnt/beta-catenin and cell cycle signaling for SCC. Lactose 178-185 SCC Bos taurus 254-257 28657598-7 2017 Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis. Lactose 135-142 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 22-27 28657598-7 2017 Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis. Lactose 135-142 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 50-59 28657598-7 2017 Furthermore, in PFCs, Gal-9 alone could stimulate IFN-gamma synthesis in culture or ELISPOT, which was inhibited by a Gal-9 antagonist lactose, and which may promote apoptosis and necrosis. Lactose 135-142 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 118-123 28193420-1 2017 beta-Galactosidase enzymes are used in the dairy industry to convert lactose into galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are added to infant formula to mimic the molecular sizes and prebiotic functions of human milk oligosaccharides. Lactose 69-76 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 28185023-7 2017 When COD concentration was 240 mg/L, the loss of SAA resulting from lactose, peptone, sodium potassium tartrate and sodium succinate were 28, 36, 50 and 55%, respectively. Lactose 68-75 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 49-52 28512015-7 2017 For both miR-34b and miR-34c, a significantly lower expression level was determined in metastasizing LACs compared to non-metastasizing LACs (p=0.0005 and p=0.002) with similarly decreased expression levels observed in the paired distant metastases. Lactose 101-105 microRNA 34b Homo sapiens 9-16 28512015-7 2017 For both miR-34b and miR-34c, a significantly lower expression level was determined in metastasizing LACs compared to non-metastasizing LACs (p=0.0005 and p=0.002) with similarly decreased expression levels observed in the paired distant metastases. Lactose 101-105 microRNA 34c Homo sapiens 21-28 28365113-9 2017 Significant variations in the casein to protein ratio and lactose content were observed in all culture-positive samples and in culture-negative samples with medium to high SCC compared to normal milk. Lactose 58-65 SCC Bos taurus 172-175 28284698-10 2017 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. Lactose 61-68 SCC Bos taurus 84-87 28284698-10 2017 The genetic and permanent environmental correlations between lactose percentage and SCC were stronger in the second and third parity and toward the end of the lactation (-0.35 to -0.50) when SCC levels are at their maximum. Lactose 61-68 SCC Bos taurus 191-194 28559606-4 2017 Protein hydrolysate was again hydrolyzed at 30 C with beta-galactosidase at pH 5.5 to hydrolyze lactose. Lactose 97-104 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 55-73 28402875-2 2017 The lac repressor (LacI) is a well characterized transcription factor that regulates the ability of bacterial cells to uptake and metabolize lactose. Lactose 141-148 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 19-23 28500071-8 2017 LPS-induced microglial phagocytosis of PC12 was prevented by small interfering RNA knockdown of Gal-3 in microglia, lactose inhibition of Gal-3 binding, inhibition of neuraminidase with Tamiflu, or inhibition of MerTK by UNC569. Lactose 116-123 galectin 3 Rattus norvegicus 138-143 27813712-6 2017 Our results indicated that the highest beta-NGF production was achieved with 1 mM IPTG and low concentrations of lactose (0-2% w/v), low cultivation temperature of 25 C and postinduction time of 2 hr. Lactose 113-120 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 39-47 27824279-5 2017 Several carbon sources were assayed for their effects on beta-glucosidase production, significant yields were obtained in media containing lactose 1% (3.0 +- 0.36 U/ml) and wheat bran 2% (4.0 +- 0.4 U/ml). Lactose 139-146 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1a, chloroplastic Triticum aestivum 57-73 27824279-6 2017 The combination of wheat bran at 2% and lactose at 0.8% as carbon source enhanced beta-glucosidase production, which reached 8.5 +- 0.28 U/ml. Lactose 40-47 4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase 1a, chloroplastic Triticum aestivum 82-98 28393891-0 2017 Progressive slowdown/prevention of cellular senescence by CD9-targeted delivery of rapamycin using lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles. Lactose 99-106 CD9 molecule Homo sapiens 58-61 28393891-4 2017 In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells. Lactose 49-56 CD9 molecule Homo sapiens 14-17 28393891-4 2017 In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells. Lactose 49-56 CD9 molecule Homo sapiens 120-123 28393891-4 2017 In our study, CD9 monoclonal antibody-conjugated lactose-wrapped calcium carbonate nanoparticles loaded with rapamycin (CD9-Lac/CaCO3/Rapa) were prepared for targeted rapamycin delivery to senescent cells. Lactose 49-56 transcriptional regulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 28497837-1 2017 Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood. Lactose 44-51 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 28703957-4 2017 In the case of lactose-free products, commercial Ha-lactase&reg; was used for hydrolysis, and the reaction occurred simultaneously with fermentation. Lactose 15-22 regenerating family member 1 alpha Homo sapiens 64-67 28497837-1 2017 Lactase non-persistence (leading to primary lactose intolerance) is a genetically dependent inability to digest lactose in adulthood. Lactose 112-119 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 28497837-3 2017 This variant is associated with lactase activity persistence, and its carriers are able to digest lactose. Lactose 98-105 lactase Homo sapiens 32-39 28253907-8 2017 Time-matched (acquired within 5 h of each other) serum cytokine and MRS showed correlations between Lac/NAA and serum IL-1beta and IL-10 (all p < 0.01). Lactose 100-103 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 118-126 28025803-0 2017 Metabolic Transition of Milk Lactose Synthesis and Up-regulation by AKT1 in Sows from Late Pregnancy to Lactation. Lactose 29-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 28025803-5 2017 In summary, lactose synthesis was significantly elevated with the increase of milk production and AKT1 could positively regulate lactose synthesis. Lactose 12-19 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 28025803-5 2017 In summary, lactose synthesis was significantly elevated with the increase of milk production and AKT1 could positively regulate lactose synthesis. Lactose 129-136 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 28284695-8 2017 Milk lactose content and fat yield were not different among dietary treatments, but milk fat content tended to decline with increasing content of CP in diets. Lactose 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 28462205-3 2017 The amount of lactase required to obtain the lactose-free milk was then established in triplicate laboratory trials, by adding the enzyme at concentrations of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 g/L in flasks containing 160 mL of raw sheep"s milk. Lactose 45-52 lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Ovis aries 14-21 28462205-6 2017 The addition of lactase at concentration of 1.1 g/L of milk reduced the lactose concentration below the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 g/L. Lactose 72-79 lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Ovis aries 16-23 28253907-11 2017 At 48 h, CSF TNF-alpha correlated with Lac/NAA (p = 0.02) and CSF IL-8 correlated with white matter TUNEL positive cell death (p = 0.04). Lactose 39-42 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 13-22 27928130-10 2017 We conclude that THz-ATR spectroscopy is useful for detecting differences in densities caused by a change in the physical properties of lactose during lubrication. Lactose 136-143 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 21-24 28132945-1 2017 Lactose, the principle sugar in milk, is a disaccharide hydrolyzed by intestinal lactase into glucose and galactose, which are absorbed directly by diffusion in the intestine. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 81-88 28017703-1 2017 Lactose intolerance is characterized by low or inexistent levels of lactase, and the main treatment consists of dietary changes, especially replacing dairy milk by soy milk. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 68-75 27598336-1 2017 The lactose repressor (LacI) is a classic genetic switch that has been used as a fundamental component in a host of synthetic genetic networks. Lactose 4-11 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 23-27 28139744-4 2017 Age and phenotype-specific environmental cues (lactose exposure after weaning) induced changes to epigenetic modifications and CTCF binding at select regulatory elements, which corresponded to the alterations in the intestinal Lct mRNA gradient. Lactose 47-54 CCCTC-binding factor Mus musculus 127-131 28139744-4 2017 Age and phenotype-specific environmental cues (lactose exposure after weaning) induced changes to epigenetic modifications and CTCF binding at select regulatory elements, which corresponded to the alterations in the intestinal Lct mRNA gradient. Lactose 47-54 lactase Mus musculus 227-230 28166949-7 2017 At high THI level, SCC was negatively correlated with total MY (r=-0.12P<0.05), 305 MY (r=-0.16P<0.05), protein % (r=-0.15P<0.01), fat% (r=-0.14P<0.01) and lactose % (r=-0.26P<0.01). Lactose 168-175 SCC Bos taurus 19-22 27993133-6 2016 The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. Lactose 37-44 plasminogen activator, tissue Mus musculus 15-19 28100852-7 2016 Like human milk, it contains a substantial amount of lactose (about 7%), which determines its flavour and facilitates calcium absorption. Lactose 53-60 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 11-15 27993133-6 2016 The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. Lactose 37-44 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1 Mus musculus 112-117 27993133-6 2016 The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. Lactose 37-44 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 226-231 27993133-6 2016 The 29 AA-long t-PA-peptide-1 with a lactose-functionalized serine revealed the strongest binding properties to Gal-1 which was 25-fold higher in comparison with the native t-PA protein and showed additional strong binding to Gal-3 and Gal-4, both also over-expressed in PDAC. Lactose 37-44 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4 Mus musculus 236-241 27999602-4 2016 Lactose intolerance develops primarily due to the absence of the enzyme lactase and treatment involves avoidance of lactose-containing foods or ingestion of commercially available lactase enzyme preparations prior to their consumption. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 180-187 27999602-9 2016 She handled lactase tablets for years to her children who were lactose intolerant, but had never ingested the tablets herself prior to the reported episode. Lactose 63-70 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 27153930-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: Lactase persistence (LP) is an adaptive trait that certain human populations have acquired in response to lactose consumption in adulthood. Lactose 117-124 lactase Homo sapiens 11-18 27982117-4 2016 Presence in situ was cytoplasmic, the lectin was secreted from OA chondrocytes in culture and binding of Gal-3 yielded lactose-inhibitable surface staining. Lactose 119-126 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 105-110 27885546-5 2016 Tests on the anti-Gal-1 mAb/Gal-1/lactose system showed that the approach is experimentally feasible in a reasonable time frame. Lactose 34-41 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 27885546-5 2016 Tests on the anti-Gal-1 mAb/Gal-1/lactose system showed that the approach is experimentally feasible in a reasonable time frame. Lactose 34-41 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 27342764-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using beta-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. Lactose 39-46 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 92-110 27342764-1 2016 BACKGROUND: Different types of reduced-lactose yogurt, obtained by lactose hydrolysis using beta-galactosidase enzyme, are commercially available. Lactose 67-74 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 92-110 27899526-10 2016 Galectin-1 binding resulted in the formation of large, highly immobile pre-BCR aggregates, which was partially relieved by the addition of lactose to prevent the cross-linking of galectin-BCR complexes to other glycosylated membrane components. Lactose 139-146 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 28002476-0 2016 Bg10: A Novel Metagenomics Alcohol-Tolerant and Glucose-Stimulated GH1 ss-Glucosidase Suitable for Lactose-Free Milk Preparation. Lactose 99-106 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 27706451-0 2016 ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF EXOGENOUS LACTASE IN TABLETS FOR PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH LACTOSE INTOLERANCE DUE TO PRIMARY HYPOLACTASIA. Lactose 80-87 lactase Homo sapiens 33-40 28460946-0 2016 The quality of low lactose milk is affected by the side proteolytic activity of the lactase used in the production process. Lactose 19-26 lactase Homo sapiens 84-91 28460946-2 2016 Lactase is the key tool to manufacture low lactose milk (LLM): its addition during milk processing can be done "in batch", i.e. before thermal treatment, or directly "in pack" after sterilization. Lactose 43-50 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 27021957-3 2016 Induction of XOR expression with lactose or IPTG resulted in complete loss of activity whereas shake flasks cultures using media rather poor in nutrients resulted in functional XOR expression in the stationary phase. Lactose 33-40 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-16 26690785-3 2016 When weanling Vdr-/- mice are fed a diet containing high levels of calcium, phosphorus and lactose, termed the rescue diet, normalisation of serum calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone levels results in prevention of rickets at 10 weeks of age. Lactose 91-98 vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor Mus musculus 14-17 27563008-2 2016 The only reported crystal structure of Gal-2 shows that it is a dimer in which the monomer subunits have almost identical structures, each binding with one molecule of lactose. Lactose 168-175 galectin 2 Homo sapiens 39-44 27563008-4 2016 In each Gal-2 dimer structure, lactose was shown to be bound to only one of the carbohydrate recognition domain subunits. Lactose 31-38 galectin 2 Homo sapiens 8-13 27563008-6 2016 In addition, galectin-mediated erythrocyte agglutination assays using lactose and larger complex polysaccharides as inhibitors showed the structural differences between Gal-1 and Gal-2. Lactose 70-77 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 27563008-6 2016 In addition, galectin-mediated erythrocyte agglutination assays using lactose and larger complex polysaccharides as inhibitors showed the structural differences between Gal-1 and Gal-2. Lactose 70-77 galectin 2 Homo sapiens 179-184 27706451-3 2016 Objective: Evaluate the efficacy of a product containing exogenous lactase in tablet form compared to a reference product with proven effectiveness in patients with lactose intolerance. Lactose 165-172 lactase Homo sapiens 67-74 27706451-13 2016 Conclusion: The experimental product was non-inferior to the reference product, indicating that it was an effective replacement therapy for endogenous lactase in lactose intolerance patients. Lactose 162-169 lactase Homo sapiens 151-158 27188418-7 2016 Rapamycin (50 nM; an inhibitor of mTOR) attenuated (P < 0.05) the stimulatory effect of AKG on mTOR signaling and syntheses of milk protein and lactose, while relieving (P < 0.05) an inhibitory effect of AKG on expression of proteins related to ERS. Lactose 147-154 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 34-38 27457698-6 2016 This finding suggests that a cellobiose transporter (CDT-1) can transport lactose and a beta-glucosidase (GH1-1) can hydrolyze lactose by acting as a beta-galactosidase. Lactose 74-81 Tah11p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-58 27457698-6 2016 This finding suggests that a cellobiose transporter (CDT-1) can transport lactose and a beta-glucosidase (GH1-1) can hydrolyze lactose by acting as a beta-galactosidase. Lactose 127-134 Tah11p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 53-58 27457698-9 2016 The improved lactose fermentation by the EJ2e8 strain was due to the increased copy number of cdt-1 and gh1-1 genes. Lactose 13-20 Tah11p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 94-99 27448857-12 2016 The LLC and MLC cheeses had lower levels of lactose, galactose, lactic acid, and insoluble calcium compared with HLC cheese. Lactose 44-51 modulator of VRAC current 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 27706731-2 2016 The present study was designed to explore single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons, flanking introns, and promoter of CD4, as well as to analyze their effects on milk production traits (percentage of protein, fat, and lactose; mastitis indicator traits somatic cell count; and somatic cell score). Lactose 229-236 CD4 molecule Bos taurus 129-132 27554340-4 2016 Additionally, mRNA levels of Gal-9, Tim-3, CD44, CD137, and PDI were significantly increased in the lungs at day 5 after infection, and the levels of CD137, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-4, and IL-10 in the lungs were also increased after alpha-lactose treatment. Lactose 250-257 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 Mus musculus 29-34 27296808-5 2016 Mass spectrometric identification of two lactose-binding peptides after tryptic on-bead fragmentation suggests an interaction at the canonical region despite a sequence change from Arg to Val at the site, which impairs reactivity of human galectin-1. Lactose 41-48 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 239-249 27026422-2 2016 We hypothesised that lactose-intolerant people (who do not express lactase) will retain intact quercetin glucosides that can inhibit glucose uptake via the glucose transporter SGLT1, whereas lactose-tolerant people (who do express lactase) will hydrolyse quercetin glucosides to free quercetin that does not inhibit glucose uptake. Lactose 21-28 solute carrier family 5 member 1 Homo sapiens 176-181 27026422-2 2016 We hypothesised that lactose-intolerant people (who do not express lactase) will retain intact quercetin glucosides that can inhibit glucose uptake via the glucose transporter SGLT1, whereas lactose-tolerant people (who do express lactase) will hydrolyse quercetin glucosides to free quercetin that does not inhibit glucose uptake. Lactose 21-28 lactase Homo sapiens 231-238 27603891-5 2016 Another cause of lactose intolerance is due to secondary lactase deficiency, which occurs because lactase is reduced due to diseases that affect the intestinal mucosa. Lactose 17-24 lactase Homo sapiens 57-64 27422836-0 2016 Efficient and Regioselective Synthesis of beta-GalNAc/GlcNAc-Lactose by a Bifunctional Transglycosylating beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum. Lactose 61-68 O-GlcNAcase Homo sapiens 106-133 27422836-3 2016 A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase named BbhI, which belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 20 and was obtained from B. bifidum JCM 1254, possesses the bifunctional property of efficiently transferring both GalNAc and GlcNAc residues through beta1-3 linkage to the Gal residue of lactose. Lactose 274-281 O-GlcNAcase Homo sapiens 2-29 27422836-6 2016 The model docking of BbhI with lactose showed the possible molecular basis of strict regioselectivity of beta1-3 linkage in beta-N-acetylhexosaminyl lactose synthesis. Lactose 31-38 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 105-112 27422836-13 2016 In this work, we describe a microbial beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase that exhibited strong transglycosylation activity and strict regioselectivity for beta-N-acetylhexosaminyl lactose synthesis and thus provides a powerful synthetic tool to obtain biologically important GalNAcbeta1-3Lac and GlcNAcbeta1-3Lac. Lactose 173-180 O-GlcNAcase Homo sapiens 38-65 27853717-12 2016 Donkey milk was characterised by high lactose content, low caseins, low fat, higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids compared to ruminant milks. Lactose 38-45 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 7-11 26804479-2 2016 alpha1,3-FucT from Helicobacter pylori 26695 (FutA) accepts lactose and LacNAc as glycan acceptors and has a very low level of expression in Escherichia coli, and it shows a low catalytic activity for lactose in the large-scale synthesis of 3-FL. Lactose 60-67 fucosyltransferase 11 Homo sapiens 0-13 26804479-2 2016 alpha1,3-FucT from Helicobacter pylori 26695 (FutA) accepts lactose and LacNAc as glycan acceptors and has a very low level of expression in Escherichia coli, and it shows a low catalytic activity for lactose in the large-scale synthesis of 3-FL. Lactose 201-208 fucosyltransferase 11 Homo sapiens 0-13 27236766-7 2016 The total amount of sialyloligosaccharides was not significantly altered by the reaction parameters evaluated, suggesting specificity of beta-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae toward lactose as well as the stability of the oligosaccharides at pH, temperature, and reaction time evaluated. Lactose 187-194 galactosidase beta 1 Bos taurus 137-155 27278812-2 2016 Ohmline, which is a lactose-based glycero-ether lipid, is a lead compound that decreases SK3 channel activity and consequently limits the migration of SK3-expressing cells. Lactose 20-27 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3 Homo sapiens 89-92 27240674-2 2016 Role of Prolactin gene in determining milk quality in terms of protein profile, lactose, lipids and other imperative macromolecules is very important. Lactose 80-87 prolactin-like Bubalus bubalis 8-17 27459991-13 2016 Co-incubation of Gal-8 with lactose, which blocks galectin-glycan interactions, abrogated both effects. Lactose 28-35 galectin 8 Homo sapiens 17-22 27435226-7 2016 RESULTS: The heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle component hnRNPA2B1 was identified as a novel galectin-3 binding protein that associates with the lectin in a lactose-dependent manner in the cell nucleus. Lactose 164-171 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 Homo sapiens 64-73 27435226-7 2016 RESULTS: The heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle component hnRNPA2B1 was identified as a novel galectin-3 binding protein that associates with the lectin in a lactose-dependent manner in the cell nucleus. Lactose 164-171 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 100-110 27427828-10 2016 Binding of sulfated GAGs was completely abolished when Gal-3 was preincubated with beta-lactose. Lactose 83-95 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 55-60 27427828-11 2016 Cross-linking of Gal-3 by CSA, CSC, and the bovine CSPG was reversed by beta-lactose. Lactose 72-84 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 17-22 27427828-12 2016 Both observations strongly suggest that GAGs primarily occupy the lactose/LacNAc binding site of Gal-3. Lactose 66-73 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 97-102 27278812-2 2016 Ohmline, which is a lactose-based glycero-ether lipid, is a lead compound that decreases SK3 channel activity and consequently limits the migration of SK3-expressing cells. Lactose 20-27 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3 Homo sapiens 151-154 26916155-4 2016 We continue to describe alpha-lactalbumin, a small globular Ca2+-binding protein, which besides being one of the two components of lactose synthase that catalyzes the final step of the lactose biosynthesis in the lactating mammary gland, possesses a multitude of other functions. Lactose 131-138 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 24-41 26916155-4 2016 We continue to describe alpha-lactalbumin, a small globular Ca2+-binding protein, which besides being one of the two components of lactose synthase that catalyzes the final step of the lactose biosynthesis in the lactating mammary gland, possesses a multitude of other functions. Lactose 185-192 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 24-41 27229304-6 2016 In vitro, 12 mM glucose enhanced lactose content, along with the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the lactose biosynthesis pathway, including GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, beta4GalT-I, and AKT1. Lactose 128-135 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Bos taurus 168-173 27179860-7 2016 Somatic cell score had strong influences on casein number and lactose, and also affected pH; these were traits characterized by a quadratic pattern of the data. Lactose 62-69 SCS Bos taurus 0-18 27241245-5 2016 First, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory enzyme, is directly stimulated by various components of milk (e.g. casein, calcium, lactose and even fat). Lactose 168-175 alkaline phosphatase, intestinal Homo sapiens 7-38 27241245-5 2016 First, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), a potent endogenous anti-inflammatory enzyme, is directly stimulated by various components of milk (e.g. casein, calcium, lactose and even fat). Lactose 168-175 alkaline phosphatase, intestinal Homo sapiens 40-43 27091926-7 2016 Increasing the infectious dose of LAC to 10(5) CFU negated these differences in IL-12p40 knockout animals, demonstrating the importance of bacterial inoculum on infection outcome. Lactose 34-37 interleukin 12b Mus musculus 80-88 26712573-5 2016 As NDF : starch ratio increased, milk protein content and production, and milk lactose content and production were linearly reduced. Lactose 79-86 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 74-78 26613803-7 2016 Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. Lactose 103-110 alpha-S2-casein Capra hircus 73-79 26613803-7 2016 Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. Lactose 123-130 alpha-S2-casein Capra hircus 73-79 26613803-7 2016 Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. Lactose 123-130 alpha-S2-casein Capra hircus 73-79 26613803-7 2016 Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the mRNA levels of CSN1S2 with the milk protein, lactose content and lactose yield and also between the LALBA gene expression with the lactose content and lactose yield respectively. Lactose 123-130 alpha-S2-casein Capra hircus 73-79 27234412-6 2016 Gluco-, galacto-, and lactosylceramide are hydrolyzed to ceramide by lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, which also hydrolyzes lactose. Lactose 120-127 lactase Homo sapiens 69-96 27229304-6 2016 In vitro, 12 mM glucose enhanced lactose content, along with the expression of genes involved in glucose transportation and the lactose biosynthesis pathway, including GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, beta4GalT-I, and AKT1. Lactose 128-135 solute carrier family 35 member A2 Bos taurus 175-182 27229304-7 2016 In addition, we found that AKT1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and lactose synthesis as well as expression of GLUT1, SLC35A2, SLC35B1, HK2, and beta4GalT-I. Lactose 68-75 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Bos taurus 27-31 27229304-9 2016 Protein kinase B alpha acts as a regulator of metabolism in dairy cow mammary gland to mediate the effects of glucose on lactose synthesis. Lactose 121-128 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Bos taurus 0-22 26923048-4 2016 Heating in the presence of lactose resulted in significant Maillard modification (both lactosylation and carboxymethylation) to both bovine lactoferrin and beta-lactoglobulin. Lactose 27-34 lactotransferrin Bos taurus 140-151 27018312-2 2016 The capabilities of the technology are examined in a comprehensive analysis of the effects of a variety of diverse factors on the performance of enzyme beta-galactosidase in formulations for reduction of levels of lactose in infant milks. Lactose 214-221 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 152-170 26878290-7 2016 In addition, the first process, attributed to water-lactose complexes, obeys the Meyer-Neldel compensation law and can be taken as evidence of differing interfaces of these complexes with the bulk water of the milk, mediated by the lactose concentration. Lactose 52-59 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 210-214 26878290-7 2016 In addition, the first process, attributed to water-lactose complexes, obeys the Meyer-Neldel compensation law and can be taken as evidence of differing interfaces of these complexes with the bulk water of the milk, mediated by the lactose concentration. Lactose 232-239 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 210-214 26923048-4 2016 Heating in the presence of lactose resulted in significant Maillard modification (both lactosylation and carboxymethylation) to both bovine lactoferrin and beta-lactoglobulin. Lactose 27-34 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 156-174 26883478-3 2016 Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker. Lactose 8-15 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 230-240 26906109-1 2016 The interactions of the sugars glucose and lactose with the transport protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated using fluorescence, FT-IR and circular dichroism (CD) techniques. Lactose 43-50 albumin Homo sapiens 85-98 26805971-8 2016 The 24h-MI reduced milk yield by 23% (7.8 kg on average) and milk lactose content by 2.6g/kg on the 24h-MI day. Lactose 66-73 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 61-65 26812986-0 2016 Biosynthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose: roles of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Lactose 39-46 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 16-20 26812986-2 2016 The efficiency of milk synthesis can be improved by taking advantage of the accumulated knowledge of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in the synthesis of fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland. Lactose 232-239 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 18-22 26883478-3 2016 Herein, lactose-functionalized gold nanorods (Lac-GNRs) are fabricated as efficient biosensors to detect cancerous conditions based on the unique surface plasmon resonance properties of GNRs and high specificity of lactose to the galectin-1 cancer biomarker. Lactose 215-222 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 230-240 26518119-0 2016 Pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha is a key inhibitory factor for lactose synthesis pathway in lactating mammary epithelial cells. Lactose 67-74 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 26-35 27159559-1 2016 The inability to digest lactose, due to lactase nonpersistence, is a common trait in adult mammals, except in certain human populations that exhibit lactase persistence. Lactose 24-31 lactase Homo sapiens 40-47 26615007-4 2016 The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively. Lactose 131-138 2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase Salmo salar 41-46 26615007-4 2016 The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively. Lactose 131-138 60S ribosomal protein L9 Salmo salar 48-52 26615007-4 2016 The underexpressed proteins included the Uk114, Rpl9, Ctsb and Lgal that are connected to proliferation, LPS-stimulation, Il1b and lactose recognition, respectively. Lactose 131-138 cathepsin Bb Salmo salar 54-58 26827776-2 2016 Functionalized dendrimer-like hierarchically porous silica nanoparticles (HPSNs) was fabricated for assembling beta-galactosidase nanobiocatalysts for bioconversion of lactose to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS). Lactose 168-175 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 111-129 26723114-12 2016 In the peripartum period, monocyte GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and the GLUT3/GLUT1 ratio were negatively correlated with lactose production. Lactose 120-127 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 3 Bos taurus 70-75 26723114-12 2016 In the peripartum period, monocyte GLUT1 and GLUT3 expression and the GLUT3/GLUT1 ratio were negatively correlated with lactose production. Lactose 120-127 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Bos taurus 76-81 26768724-2 2016 The proposed method involves the production of highly-porous lactose with a BET surface area of 20 +- 1 m(2)/g as an excipient using a templating method and the incorporation of drug into the porous structure by adsorption from a solution of the drug in ethanol. Lactose 61-68 delta/notch like EGF repeat containing Homo sapiens 76-79 26768724-6 2016 The final loaded lactose particles had large BET surface areas and high porosities, which significantly increased the crushing strengths of the produced tablets. Lactose 17-24 delta/notch like EGF repeat containing Homo sapiens 45-48 26743206-3 2016 The glycation by lactose as dominant sugar in milk has been recently investigated, whereas the contribution of hexoses remains open. Lactose 17-24 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 46-50 26743206-7 2016 Lactose-free milk contained significantly higher hexosylation degrees than the corresponding regular milk product. Lactose 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 13-17 26743206-8 2016 Interestingly, the glycation degrees varied considerably among different brands with lactose-free UHT milk and infant formula showing the highest levels. Lactose 85-92 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 102-106 26743206-10 2016 This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits. Lactose 141-148 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 117-121 26743206-10 2016 This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits. Lactose 141-148 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 154-158 26743206-10 2016 This will allow detailed in vitro studies to judge positive or negative aspects when consuming differently processed milk products including lactose-free milk that is obligatory for people with lactose intolerance but is increasingly consumed by the general population assuming health benefits. Lactose 194-201 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 154-158 26601570-1 2016 BACKGROUND: According to the prevailing theory about the genetic background to lactose intolerance, there are three genotypes but only two adult physiological phenotypes: lactase persistence in individuals with the CT and TT genotypes and lactase non-persistence in individuals with the CC genotype. Lactose 79-86 lactase Homo sapiens 171-178 26601570-1 2016 BACKGROUND: According to the prevailing theory about the genetic background to lactose intolerance, there are three genotypes but only two adult physiological phenotypes: lactase persistence in individuals with the CT and TT genotypes and lactase non-persistence in individuals with the CC genotype. Lactose 79-86 lactase Homo sapiens 239-246 26601570-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with the CT and TT genotypes, hitherto classified as lactase-persistent, differ in their physiological response to lactose intake, indicating differences in phenotype which could have clinical significance. Lactose 137-144 lactase Homo sapiens 75-82 26304417-3 2016 The isomerized permeate was subsequently purified to a lactulose-rich product (LRP; 70% lactulose content to total sugar) through crystallizing lactose out by methanol. Lactose 146-153 LDL receptor related protein 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 26518119-3 2016 In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) directly influence the lactose synthesis pathway by using two types of murine MEC culture models: the monolayer culture of MECs to induce lactogenesis; and the three-dimensional culture of MECs surrounded by Matrigel to induce reconstitution of the alveolar structure in vitro. Lactose 117-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 63-72 26518119-3 2016 In this study, we investigated whether inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) directly influence the lactose synthesis pathway by using two types of murine MEC culture models: the monolayer culture of MECs to induce lactogenesis; and the three-dimensional culture of MECs surrounded by Matrigel to induce reconstitution of the alveolar structure in vitro. Lactose 117-124 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 88-92 26518119-4 2016 TNF-alpha caused severe down-regulation of lactose synthesis-related genes concurrently with the degradation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) from the basolateral membranes in MECs. Lactose 43-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 26518119-6 2016 IL-6 caused both up-regulation and down-regulation of the expression levels of lactose synthesis-related genes in MECs. Lactose 79-86 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 0-4 26518119-7 2016 These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs. Lactose 88-95 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 28-37 26518119-7 2016 These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs. Lactose 88-95 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 39-47 26518119-7 2016 These results indicate that TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 have different effects on the lactose synthesis pathway in MECs. Lactose 88-95 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 53-57 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 13-22 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 47-55 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Mus musculus 76-81 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 99-107 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Mus musculus 112-117 26518119-8 2016 Furthermore, TNF-alpha triggered activation of NFkappaB and inactivation of STAT5, suggesting that NFkappaB and STAT5 signaling pathways are involved in the multiple adverse effects of TNF-alpha on the lactose synthesis pathway. Lactose 202-209 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 185-194 26728963-1 2016 BACKGROUND: The expression of lactase which digests lactose from milk in humans is generally lost after weaning, but selected mutations influencing the promoter of the lactase gene have spread into the human populations. Lactose 52-59 lactase Homo sapiens 30-37 26728963-1 2016 BACKGROUND: The expression of lactase which digests lactose from milk in humans is generally lost after weaning, but selected mutations influencing the promoter of the lactase gene have spread into the human populations. Lactose 52-59 lactase Homo sapiens 168-175 26538236-2 2016 The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 (SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk. Lactose 90-97 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4 Mus musculus 26-30 26538236-2 2016 The zinc (Zn) transporter ZnT4 (SLC30A4) transports Zn into the trans-Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis, and across the apical cell membrane for efflux from MECs into milk. Lactose 90-97 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 4 Mus musculus 32-39 27834127-2 2016 Reactions involving excipients have been confirmed to be IgE mediated by the demonstration of specific-IgE to excipients such as carboxymethylcellulose and lactose. Lactose 156-163 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 57-60 27834127-2 2016 Reactions involving excipients have been confirmed to be IgE mediated by the demonstration of specific-IgE to excipients such as carboxymethylcellulose and lactose. Lactose 156-163 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 103-106 26646771-7 2016 We also found that lactose can still bind to the CRD S-face of GM-bound Gal-3, with the binding of one ligand attenuating affinity of the other. Lactose 19-26 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 26325323-0 2015 In vivo pharmacological evaluation of a lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue. Lactose 40-47 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-96 26586589-0 2016 Hydrolysis of whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase in a bioreactor with a spirally wound membrane. Lactose 19-26 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 42-60 26586589-2 2016 The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of lactose (4.7%) by immobilized beta-galactosidase in a batch process were determined 13.6 U enzyme activity, 40 C, pH 6.8 and 10h. Lactose 41-48 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 71-89 26547648-10 2016 Although PRL injections were not sufficient to restore milk yield, they tended to increase milk protein and lactose yields and increased the viability of mammary epithelial cells purified from milk. Lactose 108-115 prolactin Bos taurus 9-12 27005497-1 2016 Neonatal lactose intolerance syndrome is a series of digestive system symptoms caused by the lack of lactase, and could not fully digest the lactose in breast milk or cow milk. Lactose 9-16 lactase Bos taurus 101-108 27697034-4 2016 As measured for the respective parental proteins, its binding to (neo)glycoproteins is specific for beta-galactosides and inhibitable by lactose, with KD-value closer to galectin-8 than galectin-3. Lactose 137-144 galectin 8 Homo sapiens 170-180 27697034-4 2016 As measured for the respective parental proteins, its binding to (neo)glycoproteins is specific for beta-galactosides and inhibitable by lactose, with KD-value closer to galectin-8 than galectin-3. Lactose 137-144 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 186-196 27697034-6 2016 Applied as histochemical tool on tissue sections of murine jejunum and epididymis, intense lactose-inhibitable signals were recorded intracellularly, with a distribution profile akin to that of galectin-3. Lactose 91-98 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 194-204 26703668-8 2015 Because of the presence of lactase-producing cultures, yogurt is often a more easily digestible alternative to milk, and thus more palatable to people who experience symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose 178-185 lactase Homo sapiens 27-34 26291713-1 2015 When lactose was incubated with G794A-beta-galactosidase (a variant with a "closed" active site loop that binds transition state analogs well) an allolactose was trapped with its Gal moiety in a (4)H3 conformation, similar to the oxocarbenium ion-like conformation expected of the transition state. Lactose 5-12 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 38-56 26828567-0 2016 Structural characterisation of human galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with glycerol, lactose, 3"-sulfo-lactose, and 2"-fucosyllactose. Lactose 117-124 galectin 4 Homo sapiens 37-47 26828567-6 2016 Galectin-4"s overall fold and its core interactions to lactose are similar to other galectin CRDs. Lactose 55-62 galectin 4 Homo sapiens 0-10 26638082-4 2015 Firstly, we show that a recombinant N-terminal, cytosolic domain of AtKUP7(1-100) is able to complement the AC-deficient mutant cyaA in Escherichia coli and thus restoring the fermentation of lactose, and secondly, we demonstrate with both enzyme immunoassays and mass spectrometry that a recombinant AtKUP7(1-100) generates cAMP in vitro. Lactose 192-199 K+ uptake permease 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 68-74 26458820-4 2015 Results showed that addition of lactose the mid-log phase to make the concentration back to the initial level generates higher lysozyme production (177 U/ml) compared with lactose addition in late-log phase (174 U/ml) (p < 0.05). Lactose 32-39 lysozyme Homo sapiens 127-135 26458820-5 2015 Moreover, fed-batch fermentation with glucose as initial carbon source and continuous addition of lactose with 0.6 ml/min for 10 h demonstrated significantly higher lysozyme production (187 U/ml) compared to the batch fermentation (173 U/ml) (p < 0.05). Lactose 98-105 lysozyme Homo sapiens 165-173 26497328-10 2015 In addition to these findings, cell adhesion to galectin-3 was markedly inhibited by treatment with beta-lactose compared to treatment with sucrose. Lactose 100-112 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 48-58 26325323-1 2015 In the current study, the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was examined following oral administration in male rats. Lactose 66-73 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-128 26325323-2 2015 A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry technique was developed and applied for measuring the concentration of lactose[Q(1)][w(6)]LHRH (compound 1) in rat plasma in order to allow measurement of pharmacokinetic parameters. Lactose 133-140 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 26325323-10 2015 These findings showed that the lactose derivative of LHRH has a therapeutic potential to be further developed as an orally active therapeutics for the treatment of hormone-dependent diseases. Lactose 31-38 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 26325323-1 2015 In the current study, the efficacy and pharmacokinetic profile of lactose-conjugated luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was examined following oral administration in male rats. Lactose 66-73 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-122 26275984-7 2015 Patients with hyperprolactinaemia had higher urinary excretion of lactose than normoprolactinemic controls and urinary lactose correlated positively to prolactin levels (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). Lactose 66-73 prolactin Homo sapiens 19-28 26275984-7 2015 Patients with hyperprolactinaemia had higher urinary excretion of lactose than normoprolactinemic controls and urinary lactose correlated positively to prolactin levels (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). Lactose 119-126 prolactin Homo sapiens 19-28 26275984-9 2015 The acidic oligosaccharide 3-sialyl lactose was found in high amount in urine from two patients with prolactin of >10,000 mU/l. Lactose 36-43 prolactin Homo sapiens 101-110 26886772-12 2015 The existence of a dynamic prolactin-induced sorting machinery for GLUT1 could be important for transport of free glucose into the Golgi for lactose synthesis during lactation. Lactose 141-148 prolactin Homo sapiens 27-36 25842188-0 2015 Lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology. Lactose 0-7 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 22-40 25842188-1 2015 In the present study, it was aimed to optimize the process of lactose hydrolysis using free and immobilized beta-galactosidase to produce glucose and galactose. Lactose 62-69 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 108-126 26886772-12 2015 The existence of a dynamic prolactin-induced sorting machinery for GLUT1 could be important for transport of free glucose into the Golgi for lactose synthesis during lactation. Lactose 141-148 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 25843303-7 2015 The major findings were, that HEX1 and HEX2 catalyze trans-glycosylation reactions with lactose as acceptor, giving rise to the human milk oligosaccharide precursor lacto-N-triose II (LNT2) with yields of 2 and 8 % based on the donor substrate. Lactose 88-95 exonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 26329882-8 2015 Oral infusion of FGF21 into neonatal pups induced expression of intestinal hormone factors and digestive enzymes, lactase activity and lactose absorption. Lactose 135-142 fibroblast growth factor 21 Homo sapiens 17-22 26254527-4 2015 Milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and milk lactose yield all increased in response to higher levels of dietary energy, whereas contents of milk fat and lactose were unaffected. Lactose 53-60 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 48-52 26254527-4 2015 Milk yield, milk protein content and yield, and milk lactose yield all increased in response to higher levels of dietary energy, whereas contents of milk fat and lactose were unaffected. Lactose 53-60 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 48-52 26393648-3 2015 Lactose intolerance depends not only on the expression of lactase but also on the dose of lactose, intestinal flora, gastrointestinal motility, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract to the generation of gas and other fermentation products of lactose digestion. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 58-65 26768639-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Lactase is an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of lactose. Lactose 63-70 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 26495044-9 2015 Galectin-1 binding to LacNAc-Q11 nanofibers was specific because it could be inhibited by excess soluble beta-lactose, a galectin-binding carbohydrate. Lactose 105-117 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 26047337-1 2015 beta-Galactosidase was immobilized on chitosan-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and was used to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose. Lactose 142-149 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 26077389-4 2015 Here we report the first X-ray crystallographic structural information on human galectin-4, specifically the C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of human (galectin-4C) in complex with lactose, lactose-3"-sulfate, 2"-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose. Lactose 191-198 galectin 4 Homo sapiens 80-90 26271614-4 2015 RESULTS: We show that the MET3 system can only be applied for T. reesei when the cellulase inducing carbon source lactose is used but not when wheat straw, a relevant lignocellulosic substrate for enzyme production, is employed. Lactose 114-121 sulfate adenylyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 26-30 25956382-2 2015 Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides" half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly. Lactose 45-52 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 25956382-2 2015 Conjugation of carbohydrate units, including lactose (Lac), glucose (GS), and galactose (Gal) to LHRH peptide protected the peptide from proteolytic degradation and increased the peptides" half-lives in human plasma, rat kidney membrane enzymes, and liver homogenate markedly. Lactose 54-57 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 26142855-4 2015 In addition, we found significant effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on lactose content and lactose yield. Lactose 71-78 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 49-54 26142855-4 2015 In addition, we found significant effects of the DGAT1 polymorphism on lactose content and lactose yield. Lactose 91-98 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 49-54 26142855-8 2015 Significant DGAT1 by lactation stage interaction was detected for milk yield, lactose yield, fat content, and protein content, indicating that the effect of the DGAT1 polymorphism changes during lactation. Lactose 78-85 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 12-17 26142855-8 2015 Significant DGAT1 by lactation stage interaction was detected for milk yield, lactose yield, fat content, and protein content, indicating that the effect of the DGAT1 polymorphism changes during lactation. Lactose 78-85 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 161-166 26287234-0 2015 Adaptation to Lactose in Lactase Non Persistent People: Effects on Intolerance and the Relationship between Dairy Food Consumption and Evalution of Diseases. Lactose 14-21 lactase Homo sapiens 25-32 26287234-2 2015 Yet, evolution of lactase persistence has divided the human species into those that can or cannot digest lactose in adulthood. Lactose 105-112 lactase Homo sapiens 18-25 26287234-4 2015 The literature is reviewed to explore how the divide affects lactose handling by lactase non persistent persons. Lactose 61-68 lactase Homo sapiens 81-88 25907067-7 2015 PANI-, PAMP-, and DEAE-lactase showed a high percentage of conversion (100%, 47%, and 12%) after a 1 h lactose hydrolysis reaction. Lactose 103-110 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 7-11 25907067-7 2015 PANI-, PAMP-, and DEAE-lactase showed a high percentage of conversion (100%, 47%, and 12%) after a 1 h lactose hydrolysis reaction. Lactose 103-110 lactase Homo sapiens 23-30 25722137-2 2015 These hydrogels containing immobilized enzymes were employed to simulate the production of lactose-free food and controlled release of beta-galactosidase into lactose-intolerant individuals. Lactose 159-166 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 135-153 25847182-0 2015 Improving Milk Intake in Milk-Averse Lactose Digesters and Maldigesters. Lactose 37-44 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 10-14 25847182-0 2015 Improving Milk Intake in Milk-Averse Lactose Digesters and Maldigesters. Lactose 37-44 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 25-29 25847182-10 2015 RESULTS: Lactose digesters and maldigesters showed a significant decrease in overall symptom scores after the milk intervention, with no significant difference between groups. Lactose 9-16 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 110-114 25962497-10 2015 We conclude that the fermented donkey milk could be configured as health and nutraceutical food, which aims to meet nutritional requirements of certain consumers groups with lactose or cow milk protein intolerance. Lactose 174-181 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 38-42 26161153-2 2015 Pre-induced lac operon provides benefit on lactose environment. Lactose 43-50 lactase Homo sapiens 12-15 26204835-7 2015 The results of kit methods and western blot analysis showed that 14-3-3gamma overexpression promoted the secretion of triglycerides and lactose and the synthesis of beta-casein. Lactose 136-143 tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein gamma Homo sapiens 65-76 25851903-6 2015 Loss of ZnT2 led to reduced milk volume and milk containing less protein, fat, and lactose compared with wild-type littermates, implicating ZnT2 in the regulation of mammary differentiation and optimal milk production during lactation. Lactose 83-90 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 2 Mus musculus 8-12 26124876-1 2015 Four generations of lactose-functionalized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) were employed to further the understanding of multivalent galectin-1 mediated interactions. Lactose 20-27 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 124-134 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 148-155 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Ovis aries 88-93 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 148-155 sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 Ovis aries 95-100 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 148-155 alpha-lactalbumin Ovis aries 123-128 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 173-180 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Ovis aries 88-93 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 173-180 sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 Ovis aries 95-100 25704663-7 2015 A close positive relationship was obtained between the mRNA transcripts accumulation of GLUT1, SGLT1, beta- (1,4) GAT1 and LALBA gene with the milk lactose content and milk lactose yield respectively. Lactose 173-180 alpha-lactalbumin Ovis aries 123-128 25903910-4 2015 The bulkier "bent" Gb3 trisaccharide group makes the membrane mechanics distinctly different from cylindrical disaccharide (lactose) head groups and shorter "bent" disaccharide (gentiobiose) head groups. Lactose 124-131 alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group) Homo sapiens 19-22 25903363-3 2015 We further demonstrate that lactose functionalized glycodendrimers multivalently bind a different member of the galectin family, i.e., galectin-1. Lactose 28-35 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 135-145 25903363-4 2015 In a modified ELISA, galectin-3 recruitment by glycodendrimers was shown to directly depend on the ratio of low to high affinity ligands on the dendrimers, with lactose-functionalized dendrimers having the highest activity and also binding well to galectin-1. Lactose 161-168 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 21-31 25903363-4 2015 In a modified ELISA, galectin-3 recruitment by glycodendrimers was shown to directly depend on the ratio of low to high affinity ligands on the dendrimers, with lactose-functionalized dendrimers having the highest activity and also binding well to galectin-1. Lactose 161-168 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 248-258 26155753-7 2015 However, the viability of LSCs was decreased by addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-1 binding activity. Lactose 60-72 galectin 1 Bos taurus 114-124 25448164-1 2015 Lactase persistence (LP), the ability to digest lactose into adulthood, is strongly associated with the cultural traits of pastoralism and milk-drinking among human populations, and several different genetic variants are known that confer LP. Lactose 48-55 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 25855879-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Adult assimilation of lactose divides humans into dominant lactase-persistent and recessive nonpersistent phenotypes. Lactose 34-41 lactase Homo sapiens 71-78 25855879-2 2015 OBJECTIVES: To review three medical parameters of lactose digestion, namely: the changing concept of lactose intolerance; the possible impact on diseases of microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations; and the possibility that the evolution of lactase has influenced some disease pattern distributions. Lactose 50-57 lactase Homo sapiens 258-265 25855879-5 2015 Microbial adaptation to regular lactose consumption in lactase-nonpersistent individuals is supported by limited evidence. Lactose 32-39 lactase Homo sapiens 55-62 25881162-0 2015 Congenital lactose intolerance is triggered by severe mutations on both alleles of the lactase gene. Lactose 11-18 lactase Homo sapiens 87-94 25662390-4 2015 However, the reported structures of Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) complexed with lactose showed that the number of water molecules are different and the water positions are inconsistent in the ligand-binding site. Lactose 95-102 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 25662390-5 2015 This study reported four high-resolution (1.24-1.19 A) structures of Gal-3 CRD complexed with lactose, and accurately located 12 conserved water molecules in the water network of Gal-3 CRD ligand-binding site by merging these structures. Lactose 94-101 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 69-74 25662390-5 2015 This study reported four high-resolution (1.24-1.19 A) structures of Gal-3 CRD complexed with lactose, and accurately located 12 conserved water molecules in the water network of Gal-3 CRD ligand-binding site by merging these structures. Lactose 94-101 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 179-184 25662390-6 2015 These water molecules either directly stabilize the binding of Gal-3 CRD and lactose, or hold the former water molecules at the right place. Lactose 77-84 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 63-68 25172757-1 2015 Physicochemical and acid gelation properties of UHT-treated commercial soy, oat, quinoa, rice and lactose-free bovine milks were studied. Lactose 98-105 UHT Bos taurus 48-51 24837171-9 2015 These effects were attenuated in Gal3(-/-) HPCs and in wild type HPCs treated with the Gal-3 inhibitor lactose. Lactose 103-110 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 87-92 25434337-10 2015 Lactose percentage in milk was reduced on d 3, 4, 5, and 6 after challenge in treatment cows compared with controls. Lactose 0-7 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 22-26 25434337-14 2015 Changes in percentage of lactose in milk and animal activity caused by experimentally induced Strep. Lactose 25-32 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 36-40 25281930-9 2015 Although lactose genetic test is a good predictor of persistence/non-persistence lactase in specific population, its use in the central-south Italy population should be limited given the high prevalence of the CCGG diplotype in normal individuals. Lactose 9-16 lactase Homo sapiens 81-88 25472532-3 2015 In the lactating mammary gland, PRL increases the production of milk proteins, lactose, and lipids. Lactose 79-86 prolactin Homo sapiens 32-35 26715080-0 2015 Lactose nutrition in lactase nonpersisters. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 21-28 26715080-6 2015 Once intestinal lactase activity declines in most infants, lactose may enhance innate immunity through the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), which is best achieved by lactose synergy with other colonic fermentation metabolites such as butyrate. Lactose 59-66 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 107-141 26715080-6 2015 Once intestinal lactase activity declines in most infants, lactose may enhance innate immunity through the cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), which is best achieved by lactose synergy with other colonic fermentation metabolites such as butyrate. Lactose 59-66 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 143-147 25733920-1 2015 AIM: Lactose and complex carbohydrates maldigestion, common food intolerances due to low gut content of alpha- and beta-galactosidase, lead to abdominal symptoms including pain, diarrhea, bloating, flatulence, and cramping. Lactose 5-12 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 104-133 25569787-3 2015 On the basis of this method, we introduce here a quantity named energetic coupling, which we show is able to discriminate allosterically active mutants of the lactose repressor (LacI) protein, and of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), a dynamically driven allosteric protein. Lactose 159-166 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 178-182 25489662-6 2015 Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis. Lactose 28-40 galectin 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-24 25489662-6 2015 Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis. Lactose 28-40 galectin 3 Rattus norvegicus 61-71 25489662-6 2015 Inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose blocked PDB-induced galectin-3 and collagen production, indicating that galectin-3 mediates PKC-induced cardiac fibrosis. Lactose 28-40 galectin 3 Rattus norvegicus 61-71 26255464-6 2015 Inference of the impact of polymorphism in the PRLR and CSN2 loci on the fat and lactose content of sow milk demonstrated considerable variability. Lactose 81-88 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 47-51 26255464-6 2015 Inference of the impact of polymorphism in the PRLR and CSN2 loci on the fat and lactose content of sow milk demonstrated considerable variability. Lactose 81-88 casein beta Homo sapiens 56-60 26761829-7 2015 Fat and lactose contents in the yogurt-cheese made with added soy milk were lower. Lactose 8-15 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 66-70 26761881-0 2015 Galactooligosaccharide and Sialyllactose Content in Commercial Lactose Powders from Goat and Cow Milk. Lactose 63-70 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 97-101 26761881-1 2015 The most commonly used infant formulas contain lactose originating from cow milk. Lactose 47-54 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 76-80 26761881-3 2015 In baby foods, much emphasis is placed on the concentrations of intestinal microflora-promoting oligosaccharides, which are generally transferred into lactose from milk during crystallization process. Lactose 151-158 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 164-168 25253157-5 2015 Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect. Lactose 101-108 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 49-59 25253157-5 2015 Fourth, the addition of saccharides that bind to galectin-1 and galectin-3 with high affinity (e.g., lactose or thiodigalactoside) to nuclear extract results in inhibition of splicing whereas parallel addition of saccharides that do not bind to the galectins (e.g., cellobiose) fail to yield the same effect. Lactose 101-108 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 64-74 25670982-1 2014 All mammals lose their ability to produce lactase (beta-galactosidase), the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning. Lactose 96-103 lactase Homo sapiens 42-49 25670982-1 2014 All mammals lose their ability to produce lactase (beta-galactosidase), the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning. Lactose 96-103 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 51-69 25670982-6 2014 In this work, gels obtained by complexation of Tetronic 90R4 with alpha-cyclodextrin loaded with beta-galactosidase are proposed as a way to administer the enzyme immediately before or with the lactose-containing meal. Lactose 194-201 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 97-115 25331548-0 2014 Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-gamma and IL-17 production. Lactose 0-7 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 75-91 25331548-0 2014 Lactose inhibits regulatory T-cell-mediated suppression of effector T-cell interferon-gamma and IL-17 production. Lactose 0-7 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 96-101 25331548-1 2014 Our interest in lactose as an immunomodulatory molecule results from studies showing that lactose binds to galectin-9, which has been shown to have various regulatory functions in the immune system including regulation of T-cell responses. Lactose 16-23 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 107-117 25331548-1 2014 Our interest in lactose as an immunomodulatory molecule results from studies showing that lactose binds to galectin-9, which has been shown to have various regulatory functions in the immune system including regulation of T-cell responses. Lactose 90-97 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 107-117 25331548-6 2014 Treg and Teff at a ratio 1:5 were activated and the effects of lactose on the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-17 were analysed using ELISA for protein and quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA. Lactose 63-70 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 91-107 25331548-6 2014 Treg and Teff at a ratio 1:5 were activated and the effects of lactose on the secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-17 were analysed using ELISA for protein and quantitative RT-PCR for mRNA. Lactose 63-70 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 109-118 25331548-8 2014 We showed that lactose inhibits human Treg-mediated suppression of Th1 and Th17 immune responses in vitro. Lactose 15-22 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 67-70 25444767-0 2014 (1)H NMR analysis of the lactose/beta-galactosidase-derived galacto-oligosaccharide components of Vivinal GOS up to DP5. Lactose 25-32 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 33-51 25444767-0 2014 (1)H NMR analysis of the lactose/beta-galactosidase-derived galacto-oligosaccharide components of Vivinal GOS up to DP5. Lactose 25-32 harakiri, BCL2 interacting protein Homo sapiens 117-120 24734931-2 2014 Lactose intolerance (LI) is caused when gastrointestinal symptoms develop in individuals with low lactase activity. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 98-105 25263933-6 2014 Under the simulated intestinal condition, the enteric coating dissolved rapidly and released the beta-galactosidase-loaded PLA NCs, which exhibited greater stability against enzymatic degradation and higher hydrolysis ratio (~100%) towards milk lactose than the free beta-galactosidase. Lactose 245-252 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 97-115 25367374-5 2015 Previously, we reported the crystal structure of hGal-7 and its complex with galactose and lactose which provided insight into its molecular recognition and detailed interactions. Lactose 79-86 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 49-55 25341013-1 2014 The lactose repressor, LacI, finds its DNA target sites via a process that is faster than what it is expected from a diffusion-driven mechanism. Lactose 4-11 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 23-27 25367122-8 2014 Analysis of the thermodynamic parameters by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) indicated, however, that binding of lactose to gal-7 was inhibited by the R74S mutation. Lactose 119-126 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 130-135 24854997-8 2014 Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding. Lactose 99-106 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 12-22 24854997-8 2014 Recombinant galectin-1 binding to isolated trophoblast mucin in solid-phase assay was sensitive to lactose, a carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin binding. Lactose 99-106 LOC100508689 Homo sapiens 55-60 25226021-9 2014 While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows. Lactose 182-189 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 6-10 25226021-9 2014 While milk fat content showed a relationship to the parameters L*, a*, b* and G from the colour measurement, milk protein content was not correlated with a*, but with L*, b*, and G. Lactose concentration in colostrum showed only a relationship with b* and G. In conclusion, parameters of the colour measurement showed clear relationships to colostral IgG, fat, protein and lactose concentration in dairy cows. Lactose 182-189 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 109-113 25189831-3 2014 We demonstrated the efficacy of PET imaging with an (18)F-labelled lactose derivative, [(18)F]FEDL, that targets HIP/PAP, a biomarker that is overexpressed in the peritumoural pancreas. Lactose 67-74 phospholipid phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 113-120 25264706-7 2014 The inhibitory effects of galectin-9 on osteoclastogenesis was negated by the addition of beta-lactose, an antagonist for galectin binding, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of galectin-9 was mediated through CRD. Lactose 90-102 galectin 9 Rattus norvegicus 26-36 25264706-7 2014 The inhibitory effects of galectin-9 on osteoclastogenesis was negated by the addition of beta-lactose, an antagonist for galectin binding, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of galectin-9 was mediated through CRD. Lactose 90-102 galectin 9 Rattus norvegicus 181-191 25174499-3 2014 Lactose, galactose and glucose units were coupled to LHRH peptide, and the impact of glucose transporters, GLUT2 and SGLT1, was investigated in the transport of the analogues. Lactose 0-7 gonadotropin releasing hormone 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 25336511-3 2014 Silver nanoparticles (nAg) were immobilized in lactose-modified chitosan (Chitlac) to prepare the bacteriostatic coatings. Lactose 47-54 NBAS subunit of NRZ tethering complex Homo sapiens 22-25 25105231-2 2014 The enzyme had peak activity at pH 5.0 and 40-50 C. TBG1 was active on beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-galactobiose and lactose. Lactose 115-122 beta-galactosidase Solanum lycopersicum 52-56 25138772-0 2014 Lactose-functionalized dendrimers arbitrate the interaction of galectin-3/MUC1 mediated cancer cellular aggregation. Lactose 0-7 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 63-73 25138772-0 2014 Lactose-functionalized dendrimers arbitrate the interaction of galectin-3/MUC1 mediated cancer cellular aggregation. Lactose 0-7 mucin 1, cell surface associated Homo sapiens 74-78 25138772-2 2014 We found that small lactose-functionalized G(2)-dendrimer 1 inhibited galectin-3-induced aggregation of the cancer cells. Lactose 20-27 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 70-80 24819139-7 2014 Compared with purebred HO, crossbred cows produced less milk with lower lactose content, higher fat and protein content, and a tendency for higher casein content. Lactose 72-79 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 56-60 25505833-4 2014 Lactase encoded by the LCT gene is necessary for lactose digestion. Lactose 49-56 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 25505833-4 2014 Lactase encoded by the LCT gene is necessary for lactose digestion. Lactose 49-56 lactase Homo sapiens 23-26 25226304-4 2014 We illustrate the experimental conditions allowing the study of interaction of lactose repressor (lacI), labeled with Atto532, with a DNA molecule containing specific target sequences (operators) for LacI binding. Lactose 79-86 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 98-102 25226304-4 2014 We illustrate the experimental conditions allowing the study of interaction of lactose repressor (lacI), labeled with Atto532, with a DNA molecule containing specific target sequences (operators) for LacI binding. Lactose 79-86 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 200-204 25095792-4 2014 RESULTS: Three different molecular weight glycans (lactose and two dextrans with 1 kD and 10 kD) were chemically coupled to surface exposed Cyt c lysine (Lys) residues using succinimidyl chemistry via amide bonds. Lactose 51-58 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 140-145 24797098-3 2014 beta-Galactosidase encapsulated in these NPs was well protected from external proteolysis and exerted high hydrolytic activity on the permeable lactose. Lactose 144-151 galactosidase, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-18 25423754-3 2014 The fusion protein TAT-Cygb, whose expression was induced by lactose, was purified by CM Sepharose Fast Flow Protocol and verified by Western blotting. Lactose 61-68 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 23-27 24991705-0 2014 Amperometric detection of lactose using beta-galactosidase immobilized in layer-by-layer films. Lactose 26-33 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 40-58 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 86-93 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 109-127 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 86-93 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 168-175 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 109-127 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 168-175 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 168-175 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 109-127 24991705-2 2014 In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 168-175 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 24991705-4 2014 With an ITO/PB/(PEI/PVS)1(PEI/beta-Gal)30 architecture, lactose could be determined with an amperometric method with sensitivity of 0.31 muA mmol(-1) cm(-2) and detection limit of 1.13 mmol L(-1), which is sufficient for detecting lactose in milk and for clinical exams. Lactose 56-63 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 30-38 24991705-6 2014 Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy data for the interface between the LbL film and a buffer containing lactose indicated that beta-Gal lost order, which is the first demonstration of structural effects induced by the molecular recognition interaction with lactose. Lactose 106-113 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 24991705-6 2014 Sum-frequency generation spectroscopy data for the interface between the LbL film and a buffer containing lactose indicated that beta-Gal lost order, which is the first demonstration of structural effects induced by the molecular recognition interaction with lactose. Lactose 259-266 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 25161713-3 2014 Here, we show that lactose-functionalized dendrimers interact with galectin-3 in a multivalent fashion to form aggregates. Lactose 19-26 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 67-77 25130399-6 2014 Liver Ndufs4 deletion causes a metabolic shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, accumulating fatty acids and lactate (FA/LAC) in the circulation. Lactose 129-132 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4 Mus musculus 6-12 25130399-7 2014 FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion. Lactose 3-6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4 Mus musculus 25-31 25130399-7 2014 FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion. Lactose 3-6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4 Mus musculus 135-141 25130399-7 2014 FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion. Lactose 3-6 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4 Mus musculus 135-141 25130399-7 2014 FA/LAC further activates Ndufs4(-/-) macrophages via reactive oxygen species induction and diminishes osteoclast lineage commitment in Ndufs4(-/-) progenitors; both inflammation and osteopetrosis in Ndufs4(-/-) mice are attenuated by TLR4/2 deletion. Lactose 3-6 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 234-240 24930850-4 2014 beta-CD-LA on HMSNs could also act as a targeting agent towards tumor cells (i.e., HepG2 cells), since the lactose group in beta-CD-LA is a specific ligand binding with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on HepG2 cells. Lactose 107-114 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 173-200 24930850-4 2014 beta-CD-LA on HMSNs could also act as a targeting agent towards tumor cells (i.e., HepG2 cells), since the lactose group in beta-CD-LA is a specific ligand binding with the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on HepG2 cells. Lactose 107-114 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 202-208 24756060-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Lactase persistence is an inherited autosomal dominant trait that confers the ability to digest lactose after weaning. Lactose 108-115 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 24756060-2 2014 Lactose persistence is caused by single nucleotide variants in a regulatory element for the lactase gene (LCT). Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 92-99 24756060-2 2014 Lactose persistence is caused by single nucleotide variants in a regulatory element for the lactase gene (LCT). Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 106-109 24712389-0 2014 Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration. Lactose 95-102 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 33-51 24712389-0 2014 Genetic variation at the caprine lactalbumin, alpha (LALBA) gene and its association with milk lactose concentration. Lactose 95-102 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 53-58 24880807-6 2014 The lactose in the permeate could be concentrated by the NF45 membrane and recycled into the EMR. Lactose 4-11 interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 Homo sapiens 57-61 24809963-1 2014 Lactose intolerance in northern Europeans is strongly associated with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located 14 kb upstream of the human lactase gene: -13,910 C/T. Lactose 0-7 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Sus scrofa 145-152 25009983-8 2014 When Pten was overexpressed, proliferation of DCMECs and concentrations for beta-casein, triglyceride, and lactose were significantly decreased. Lactose 107-114 phosphatase and tensin homolog Bos taurus 5-9 25009983-11 2014 Introduction of prolactin (PRL) increased secretion of beta-casein, triglyceride, and lactose, but decreased Pten expression levels. Lactose 86-93 prolactin Bos taurus 16-25 24503541-3 2014 Gal-1 significantly increased motility after a 24-h incubation, and this effect was inhibited by beta-lactose. Lactose 97-109 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24607205-3 2014 This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-d,l-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with polylactic acid (PLA), and subsequent reaction with lactose, leading to PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer. Lactose 191-198 ectodysplasin-A Mus musculus 129-132 24809485-5 2014 Further, we utilized central composite design to predict the optimum combination of variables (cell density before induction, lactose concentration, post-induction temperature and post-induction time) for the expression of mRANKL. Lactose 126-133 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 223-229 24809485-7 2014 The best combination of response variables was 0.6 OD600, 7.5 mM lactose, 26 C post-induction temperature and 5 h post-induction time that produced 52.4 mg/L of fusion mRANKL. Lactose 65-72 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 168-174 24695892-5 2014 The increasing pH as the yogurt enters the small intestine and a slower gastrointestinal transit time allow the bacterial lactase to be active, digesting lactose from yogurt sufficiently to prevent symptoms in lactose-intolerant people. Lactose 154-161 lactase Homo sapiens 122-129 24679333-4 2014 Homeorhesis leads to an increase in the synthesis of glucose that is irreversibly lost to milk lactose. Lactose 95-102 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 90-94 24736570-4 2014 Firstly, we described the one-pot enzymatic galactosylation of lactose modified enkephalin in the presence of uridine-5"-diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase and lipopolysaccharyl alpha-1,4-galactosyltransferase. Lactose 63-70 alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase (P blood group) Homo sapiens 174-205 24726632-0 2014 Quantifying the release of lactose from polymer matrix tablets with an amperometric biosensor utilizing cellobiose dehydrogenase. Lactose 27-34 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 104-128 24726632-4 2014 A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response. Lactose 77-84 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 23-47 24726632-4 2014 A novel biosensor with cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) was used to detect the lactose release, which has a polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) layer that increases the response. Lactose 77-84 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 49-52 24809457-4 2014 The activation was dependent on the sugar-binding properties of Gal-3, since the antagonist lactose could inhibit it. Lactose 92-99 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 64-69 24755679-7 2014 We conclude that the modified bacterial lac operon system can be used successfully to validate transgenic phenotypes through a simple breeding schedule with mice homozygous for the LacI(R) protein. Lactose 40-43 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Mus musculus 181-185 24567334-5 2014 Down-regulation of Gal3 protein or incubation with lactose, a galactose-containing disaccharide that competitively inhibits galectin binding to Dsg2, decreased intercellular adhesion in intestinal epithelial cells. Lactose 51-58 desmoglein 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 24629264-5 2014 Biochemical characterization revealed that the beta-galactosidase activity of Glyt110 toward o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose were identified to be 314+-18.3 and 32+-2.7 U/mg, correspondingly. Lactose 143-150 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 47-65 24630847-1 2014 In humans, the ability to digest lactose, the sugar in milk, declines after weaning because of decreasing levels of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, encoded by LCT. Lactose 33-40 lactase Homo sapiens 127-154 24630847-2 2014 However, some individuals maintain high enzyme amounts and are able to digest lactose into adulthood (i.e., they have the lactase-persistence [LP] trait). Lactose 78-85 lactase Homo sapiens 122-129 24631362-5 2014 The structure of human galectin-9 NCRD co-crystallized with 6-MeSe-lactose was determined with single/multi-wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD/MAD) phasing and was similar to that of the co-crystal with natural lactose. Lactose 67-74 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 23-33 23808383-15 2014 Feeding DDGS significantly increased milk lactose concentration (4.91%) in relation to control (4.81%). Lactose 42-49 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 37-41 24448642-2 2014 Lactase is necessary for the digestion of lactose--the main carbohydrate in milk--and its production is downregulated after the weaning period in most humans and all other mammals studied. Lactose 42-49 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 24621206-7 2014 Lactose was detected at V1 and increased to 0.1 mM/mM creatinine at V2. Lactose 0-7 nibrin Homo sapiens 21-26 24621206-7 2014 Lactose was detected at V1 and increased to 0.1 mM/mM creatinine at V2. Lactose 0-7 nibrin Homo sapiens 65-70 25039174-3 2014 The results showed that the modified extract, prepared by Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma extract grinding 5 min with the same amount of lactose UP2, which hygroscopic initial velocity, acceleration, and critical relative humidity moisture were less than that of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma extract and the mixture dramatically. Lactose 143-150 uroplakin 2 Homo sapiens 151-154 24503541-5 2014 Gal-1 decreased the expression of collagen genes COL3A1 (COL-3) and COL5A1 (COL-5) but increased the expression of fibronectin (FN) and laminin 5 (LM-5), that were reversed by beta-lactose. Lactose 176-188 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24503541-6 2014 Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2. Lactose 109-121 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24503541-6 2014 Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2. Lactose 109-121 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 40-45 24503541-6 2014 Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2. Lactose 109-121 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 51-61 24503541-6 2014 Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2. Lactose 109-121 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 63-68 24411444-9 2014 Finally, PNIPAAm-beta-galactosidase was tested to synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides from lactose solution. Lactose 91-98 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 17-35 24503541-6 2014 Gal-1 increased protein kinase C (PKC), c-Src, and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) phosphorylation that was attenuated by beta-lactose and the Src inhibitor PP2. Lactose 109-121 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 42-45 24239074-2 2014 In one embodiment of active food packaging, lactase was covalently immobilized onto packaging films for in-package lactose hydrolysis. Lactose 115-122 lactase Homo sapiens 44-51 24381100-2 2014 This study aimed at evaluating the function of goat GLUT4 on glucose absorption and the effect of GLUT4 on lactose synthesis in goat mammary gland epithelial (GMGE) cells. Lactose 107-114 GLUT4 Capra hircus 98-103 24465990-3 2014 In mammals, lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes the milk sugar lactose, is normally down-regulated after weaning, but at least five human populations around the world have independently evolved mutations regulating the expression of the lactase-phlorizin-hydrolase gene. Lactose 63-70 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 24465990-3 2014 In mammals, lactase, the enzyme that hydrolyzes the milk sugar lactose, is normally down-regulated after weaning, but at least five human populations around the world have independently evolved mutations regulating the expression of the lactase-phlorizin-hydrolase gene. Lactose 63-70 lactase Homo sapiens 237-264 24294910-7 2014 Cyt c lysine residues were modified with lactose at a lactose-to-protein molar ratio of 3.7 +- 0.9 using mono(lactosylamido)-mono(succinimidyl) suberate linker chemistry. Lactose 41-48 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 0-5 24294910-7 2014 Cyt c lysine residues were modified with lactose at a lactose-to-protein molar ratio of 3.7 +- 0.9 using mono(lactosylamido)-mono(succinimidyl) suberate linker chemistry. Lactose 54-61 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 0-5 24294910-11 2014 Attachment of the four lactose molecules reversed this increased susceptibility and protected Cyt c from proteolytic degradation. Lactose 23-30 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 94-99 24294910-12 2014 Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c. Lactose 121-128 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 25-34 24294910-12 2014 Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c. Lactose 121-128 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 115-120 24294910-12 2014 Furthermore, a cell-free caspase-3 assay revealed 47% and 87% of relative caspase activation by Cyt c-SPDP and the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate, respectively, when compared to Cyt c. Lactose 121-128 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 115-120 24294910-15 2014 While MSN-SPDP-Cyt c did not induced cell death, the Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate induced significant cell death after 72 h, reducing HeLa cell viability to 67% and 45% at the 25 mug/mL and 37.5 mug/mL concentrations, respectively. Lactose 59-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-58 24294910-16 2014 Confocal microscopy confirmed that the MSN immobilized Cyt c-lactose bioconjugate was internalized by HeLa cells and that the bioconjugate was capable of endosomal escape. Lactose 61-68 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-60 24451248-5 2014 The interaction of lactose-substituted phthalocyanine with bovine serum albumin displays obvious differences to that of glucose- substituted phthalocyanine. Lactose 19-26 albumin Mus musculus 66-79 25049937-8 2014 Increased GH stimulates the lipolytic effects and hepatic glucose synthesis to meet the energy requirement for mammary lactose synthesis, suggesting that GH antagonizes insulin-dependent glucose uptake and attenuates insulin action to decrease gluconeogenesis. Lactose 119-126 insulin Bos taurus 217-224 24210051-2 2014 In the present work, 17 nm sized iron oxide cores functionalized with anionic MLs bearing lactose moieties were used for targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r), which is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Lactose 90-97 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-162 24210051-2 2014 In the present work, 17 nm sized iron oxide cores functionalized with anionic MLs bearing lactose moieties were used for targeting the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r), which is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Lactose 90-97 asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 164-170 25013804-3 2014 Hydrolysis of lactose by immobilized lactase is an industrial solution. Lactose 14-21 lactase Homo sapiens 37-44 25096822-1 2014 BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Lactase non-persistence (LNP), or primary hypolactasia, is a genetic condition that mediates lactose malabsorption and can cause lactose intolerance. Lactose 120-127 lactase Homo sapiens 27-34 25548567-0 2014 Quantitation of alpha-Lactalbumin by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Medicinal Adjuvant Lactose. Lactose 106-113 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 16-33 25548567-3 2014 The present paper describes a sensitive and specific LC-MS method for the determination of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) in lactose samples. Lactose 123-130 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 91-108 25548567-3 2014 The present paper describes a sensitive and specific LC-MS method for the determination of alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) in lactose samples. Lactose 123-130 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 110-118 24174213-0 2014 Cost-effective production of recombinant human interleukin 24 by lactose induction and a two-step denaturing and one-step refolding method. Lactose 65-72 interleukin 24 Homo sapiens 47-61 24246949-4 2014 We recently observed a synergistic induction of LL-37 expression by stimulating the colonic epithelial cell-line HT-29 with lactose and phenylbutyrate (PBA). Lactose 124-131 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 48-53 24246949-9 2014 Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase. Lactose 30-37 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 98-114 24246949-9 2014 Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase. Lactose 30-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-132 24246949-9 2014 Furthermore, the synergism of lactose and PBA was reduced in cells coincubated with inhibitors of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase 2 or HMG-CoA reductase. Lactose 30-37 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 136-153 25744420-2 2014 In this study, we investigated whether thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones enhanced the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene, an intestine-specific gene that encodes an enzyme for lactose digestion, in small intestinal stem-like IEC-6 cells co-transfected with CDX-2 and HNF-1alpha using a retrovirus system. Lactose 196-203 lactase Rattus norvegicus 102-129 25744420-2 2014 In this study, we investigated whether thyroid and glucocorticoid hormones enhanced the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene, an intestine-specific gene that encodes an enzyme for lactose digestion, in small intestinal stem-like IEC-6 cells co-transfected with CDX-2 and HNF-1alpha using a retrovirus system. Lactose 196-203 lactase Rattus norvegicus 131-134 24356704-11 2014 Exogenous galectin-3 significantly enhances wound healing in the corneal explants, which was partially inhibited by beta-lactose. Lactose 116-128 galectin 3 Rattus norvegicus 10-20 24717697-6 2014 RESULTS: Only whole and whole lactose-free milk kept pH above the demineralization threshold, inducing the lowest demineralization in both enamel and dentin (P<.05). Lactose 30-37 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 43-47 24717697-8 2014 Whole and whole lactose-free milk produced lower biomass and less insoluble polysaccharides than the other treatments in enamel and dentin (P<.05). Lactose 16-23 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 29-33 24091988-6 2013 However, in lactating mice treated with E. coli or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intramammary injection of bovine PLA2G1B relieved visual and histological inflammation and reduced blood levels of infiltrating lactose. Lactose 205-212 phospholipase A2 group IB Bos taurus 110-117 24339181-1 2013 Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose, and in most mammals, including most humans, lactase activity is down-regulated after the weaning period is completed. Lactose 54-61 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 24339181-1 2013 Lactase is the enzyme that breaks down the milk sugar lactose, and in most mammals, including most humans, lactase activity is down-regulated after the weaning period is completed. Lactose 54-61 lactase Homo sapiens 107-114 24221747-8 2014 In addition to its primary presence on the plasma membrane, GLUT1 is also expressed on the Golgi membrane of mammary epithelial cells and is likely involved in facilitating the uptake of glucose and galactose to the site of lactose synthesis. Lactose 201-208 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 24878975-12 2014 Lactose-rich diet, which was previously reported to have ameliorated the clinical symptoms in some PGM1-CDG patients, did not result in any improvement in our patient. Lactose 0-7 phosphoglucomutase 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 24085305-11 2013 Binding to monocytes was partially blocked by beta-lactose, indicating that optimally glycosylated LILRA3 might be critical for ligand binding and function. Lactose 46-58 leukocyte immunoglobulin like receptor A3 Homo sapiens 99-105 23657851-7 2013 Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin. Lactose 145-152 galectin-3 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-10 23931694-4 2013 Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions. Lactose 110-117 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 184-202 23931694-4 2013 Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions. Lactose 155-162 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 184-202 23931694-4 2013 Besides glucose bioassay, the amplification of calibration parameters was also studied in cascaded two-enzyme lactose biosensor, where the initial step of lactose bio-recognition, the beta-galactosidase - catalyzed lactose hydrolysis, was additionally accelerated by magnesium ions. Lactose 155-162 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 184-202 23993196-4 2013 Here we examine the LCT enhancer sequence in a large lactose-tolerance-tested Ethiopian cohort of more than 350 individuals. Lactose 53-60 lactase Homo sapiens 20-23 23993196-5 2013 We show that a further SNP, -14009T>G (ss 820486563), is significantly associated with lactose-digester status, and in vitro functional tests confirm that the -14009(*)G allele also increases expression of an LCT promoter construct. Lactose 90-97 lactase Homo sapiens 212-215 23993196-6 2013 The derived alleles in the LCT enhancer region are spread through several ethnic groups, and we report a greater genetic diversity in lactose digesters than in nondigesters. Lactose 134-141 lactase Homo sapiens 27-30 23913618-1 2013 Lactase persistence (LP)-the ability to digest lactose in adulthood-is paradigmatic of Holocenic dietary change affecting the evolutionary trajectory of specific populations. Lactose 47-54 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 23816697-3 2013 A recent animal study showed that the respiratory quotient changed significantly after ingestion of sucrose and lactose in naturally lactase-deficient rats. Lactose 112-119 lactase Rattus norvegicus 133-140 23479116-3 2013 We aimed to understand how lactase persistence influenced obesity-related traits by observing the relationships among lactose consumption, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the lactase (LCT) gene and body composition parameters in a sample of multiethnic children (n = 296, 7-12 years old). Lactose 118-125 lactase Homo sapiens 27-34 23479116-4 2013 We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption. Lactose 193-200 lactase Homo sapiens 42-49 23479116-4 2013 We hypothesized that individuals with the lactase persistence (LP) allele of the LCT SNP (rs4988235) would exhibit a greater degree of adiposity and that this relationship would be mediated by lactose consumption. Lactose 193-200 lactase Homo sapiens 81-84 23710780-6 2013 This recycling process is accompanied by transient interaction of galectin-3 with detergent insoluble membrane microdomains in a lactose- and pH-dependent manner. Lactose 129-136 galectin 3 Canis lupus familiaris 66-76 23885046-9 2013 Energy-adjusted intakes of total calcium and lactose and circulating 25(OH)D were correlated inversely with systolic blood pressure or arterial pressure and with parathyroid hormone. Lactose 45-52 parathyroid hormone Homo sapiens 162-181 23977277-4 2013 Addition of beta-lactose, a competitive carbohydrate inhibitor of galectin-3 binding activity, to the cell culture system, transiently disrupted barrier function. Lactose 12-24 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 66-76 23574334-11 2013 Lactase is also temporarily lost in rotavirus and Escherichia coli childhood diarrhoea and persistent diarrhoea is consequently best treated with lactose-free diets. Lactose 146-153 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 23834731-2 2013 This metabolic switch is mediated by the lac repressor (LacI), which in the absence of lactose binds to the operator DNA sequence to inhibit transcription. Lactose 87-94 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 56-60 23834731-6 2013 However, the leakiness of LacI that is essential for the natural function of the lac operon leads to an increased energetic burden, and potentially toxicity, in heterologous protein production. Lactose 81-84 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 26-30 23775268-5 2013 As a promising alternative to the chemical method, enzymatic conversion of lactose into lactulose by beta-galactosidase or cellobiose 2-epimerase has recently gained a great deal of attention. Lactose 75-82 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 101-119 23657851-7 2013 Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin. Lactose 145-152 deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein Oryctolagus cuniculus 27-33 23657851-7 2013 Galectin-3 interacted with hensin in vitro via its carbohydrate-binding COOH-terminal domain, and the interaction was competitively inhibited by lactose, removal of the COOH-terminal domain of galectin-3, and deglycosylation of hensin. Lactose 145-152 deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein Oryctolagus cuniculus 228-234 23280610-3 2013 Deficiency of galectin-3, either hereditary or induced through application of chemical inhibitors, beta-lactose or TD139, supported survival and function of islet beta cells compromised by TNF-alpha + IFN-gamma + IL-1beta stimulus. Lactose 99-111 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 14-24 23280610-4 2013 Similarly, inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose or TD139 reduced cytokine-triggered apoptosis of beta cells, leading to conclusion that endogenous galectin-3 propagates beta apoptosis in the presence of an inflammatory milieu. Lactose 39-51 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 25-35 23280610-4 2013 Similarly, inhibition of galectin-3 by beta-lactose or TD139 reduced cytokine-triggered apoptosis of beta cells, leading to conclusion that endogenous galectin-3 propagates beta apoptosis in the presence of an inflammatory milieu. Lactose 39-51 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 151-161 23621358-2 2013 This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-dl-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with polylactic acid (PLA), and subsequent reaction with lactose, obtaining PHEA-EDA-PLA-GAL copolymer. Lactose 190-197 ectodysplasin A Homo sapiens 128-131 23411285-1 2013 Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), an important class of functional food, are commonly produced from lactose using beta-galactosidase. Lactose 98-105 MFS transporter Saccharolobus solfataricus 112-130 23724114-5 2013 Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively. Lactose 125-132 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Capra hircus 5-10 24917953-5 2013 Recent studies show that the risk of symptoms after lactose ingestion depends on the dose of lactose, lactase expression, intestinal flora, and sensitivity of the gastrointestinal tract. Lactose 52-59 lactase Homo sapiens 102-109 23416931-7 2013 Lactose affinity chromatography coupled with gel filtration co-purified the two cod galectin-1 proteins, which hemagglutinated horse red blood cells in a lactose inhibitable manner. Lactose 0-7 galectin 1 Equus caballus 84-94 23416931-7 2013 Lactose affinity chromatography coupled with gel filtration co-purified the two cod galectin-1 proteins, which hemagglutinated horse red blood cells in a lactose inhibitable manner. Lactose 154-161 galectin 1 Equus caballus 84-94 23858977-3 2013 This latter was obtained by chemical reaction of alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl) (2-aminoethylcarbamate)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA-EDA) with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(succinyl) sodium salt (DPPE), and subsequent reaction with lactose, obtaining PHEA-EDA-DPPE-GAL copolymer. Lactose 249-256 ectodysplasin A Homo sapiens 128-131 23647496-3 2013 Herein we describe the development of an active package in which lactase is covalently attached to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) for in-package production of lactose-free dairy products. Lactose 160-167 lactase Homo sapiens 65-72 23724114-5 2013 Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively. Lactose 125-132 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12 Capra hircus 15-21 23724114-5 2013 Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively. Lactose 125-132 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Capra hircus 15-20 23724114-5 2013 Goat GLUT1 and GLUT12 each influenced the mRNA expression of the other transporter and increased the glucose consumption and lactose yield in GLUT1- and GLUT12-transfected goat mammary gland epithelial cells, respectively. Lactose 125-132 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 12 Capra hircus 153-159 23486479-3 2013 beta-Galactosidase promotes the isomerization by means of an acceptor site that binds glucose after its cleavage from lactose and thus delays its exit from the site. Lactose 118-125 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 23376190-0 2013 Lactose binding to human galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) induces long-range effects through the protein resulting in increased dimer stability and evidence for positive cooperativity. Lactose 0-7 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 25-35 23376190-0 2013 Lactose binding to human galectin-7 (p53-induced gene 1) induces long-range effects through the protein resulting in increased dimer stability and evidence for positive cooperativity. Lactose 0-7 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 37-40 23376190-3 2013 In concert, our results indicate that lactose binding to human Gal-7 induces long-range effects (minor conformational shifts and changes in structural dynamics) throughout the protein that result in stabilization of the dimer state, with evidence for positive cooperativity. Lactose 38-45 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 63-68 23376190-4 2013 Monte Carlo fits of (15)N-Gal-7 HSQC titrations with lactose using a two-site model yield K1 = 0.9 +- 0.6 x 10(3) M(-1) and K2 = 3.4 +- 0.8 x 10(3) M(-1). Lactose 53-60 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 26-31 23376190-5 2013 Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose. Lactose 323-330 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 44-49 23376190-5 2013 Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose. Lactose 462-469 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 44-49 23376190-5 2013 Ligand binding-induced stabilization of the Gal-7 dimer was supported by several lines of evidence: MD-based calculations of interaction energies between ligand-loaded and ligand-free states, gel filtration data and hetero-FRET spectroscopy that indicate a highly reduced tendency for dimer dissociation in the presence of lactose, CD-based thermal denaturation showing that the transition temperature of the lectin is significantly increased in the presence of lactose, and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR using a molecular probe of the monomer state whose presence is diminished in the presence of lactose. Lactose 462-469 galectin 7 Homo sapiens 44-49 23506957-6 2013 Both distance and surface area attributes of particle dispersion had significant negative correlations with Hausner ratio and Carr"s index values of lactose. Lactose 149-156 arrestin 3 Homo sapiens 126-130 23506957-8 2013 Unlike insensitive Hausner ratio and Carr"s index, an increase in elongation property of lactose particles was detectable through reduced powder weight loss from gas-pressurized dispersion as a result of susceptible particle blockage at orifice. Lactose 89-96 arrestin 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 22807302-9 2013 Lactase was an acid lactase similar to the type linked with human lactose intolerance. Lactose 66-73 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 23510298-1 2013 The pH dependence of the beta-galactoside binding activity of human galectin-1 (hGal-1) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy using lactose as a ligand. Lactose 140-147 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 68-78 23510298-1 2013 The pH dependence of the beta-galactoside binding activity of human galectin-1 (hGal-1) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy using lactose as a ligand. Lactose 140-147 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 80-86 23329127-5 2013 Biosensors for cellobiose, lactose and glucose determination are based on CDH from different fungal producers, which show differences with respect to substrate specificity, pH optima, DET efficiency and surface binding affinity. Lactose 27-34 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 74-77 24058804-6 2013 (4) (,) (5) On the other hand, the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential for the synthesis of other milk components such as lipids and lactose. Lactose 127-134 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 23543535-4 2013 Lactase preparations could potentially be used to hydrolyse lactose in formulas and breast milk to minimize lactose malabsorption in preterm infants. Lactose 60-67 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 23353997-0 2013 Optimization of lactulose synthesis from whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase. Lactose 46-53 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 69-87 23353997-1 2013 In the present study, commercially available whey was used as a lactose source, and immobilized beta-galactosidase and glucose isomerase were used to synthesize lactulose from whey lactose in the absence of fructose. Lactose 181-188 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 96-114 23241817-8 2013 In the 2011-2012 season, the daily mean lactose content of this wastewater varied significantly, from 0.0 to 8.0% w/v (0-233,712 muM) and equated to substantial total losses of lactose over a 6-month period. Lactose 40-47 latexin Homo sapiens 129-132 23232447-9 2013 Moreover, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal-1 affinity for lactose, indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal-1 as a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding. Lactose 126-133 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 107-112 23232447-9 2013 Moreover, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR titrations showed that the presence of DB16 decreases gal-1 affinity for lactose, indicating that the peptidomimetic targets gal-1 as a noncompetitive, allosteric inhibitor of glycan binding. Lactose 126-133 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 178-183 22794932-4 2013 The sensitivity at 0.700V was (1.94+-0.03) mAM(-1) (r=0.9991), with a linear range between 0.25 and 5.00mM, a detection limit of 2.2muM and a quantification limit of 6.7muM with minimum interference from lactose (1.5%), maltose (5.7%), galactose (1.2%), ascorbic acid (1.0%), and uric acid (3.3%). Lactose 204-211 mastermind like transcriptional coactivator 1 Mus musculus 43-49 24443063-2 2013 The role of lactase-persistence alleles the diagnosis of lactose malabsorption the development of lactose intolerance symptoms and its management. Lactose 57-64 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 23122115-0 2013 Batch and continuous synthesis of lactulose from whey lactose by immobilized beta-galactosidase. Lactose 54-61 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 77-95 23122115-2 2013 In the batch system, the optimal concentration of fructose for lactulose synthesis was 20%, and the effect of galactose, glucose and fructose on beta-galactosidase activity was determined for hydrolysis of whey lactose and the transgalactosylation reaction for lactulose synthesis. Lactose 112-119 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 145-163 23031579-10 2013 Lactose synthesis was regulated at the transcriptional level by downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin mRNA levels in both biopsy samples (-30%) and milk MEC (-74%). Lactose 0-7 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 82-99 24861860-2 2013 Lactase is the enzyme that carries out the digestion of the milk sugar lactose. Lactose 71-78 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 24443075-6 2013 The mean cost for C13--Urea, Lactulose and Lactose BT are, respectively, Euros 30,59; 45,20 and 30,29. Lactose 43-50 homeobox C13 Homo sapiens 18-21 23735749-6 2013 Galectin-9 was neutralized using lactose or a TIM-3-Fc fusion protein. Lactose 33-40 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 0-10 24089653-13 2013 Compared to PC1, PC2 exhibited lower pH, pO2, and Na(+) levels, a higher PLT count, and increased pCO2, K(+), Lac, and CD62P expression levels. Lactose 110-113 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 17-20 23280962-2 2013 A bifunctional conjugate with lactose and an inhibitor for MMPs is able to bind MMP and Gal-3 simultaneously. Lactose 30-37 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 88-93 23555773-8 2013 BGA and BGB showed higher affinity than LacNAc and lactose due to generally stronger hydrogen bond interactions and water mediated hydrogen bonds with alpha1-2 fucose respectively. Lactose 51-58 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 151-159 24054306-7 2013 Milk protein content was increased in wk 2 and 4 of Q administration compared with basal values, whereas fat and lactose contents of milk remained unchanged. Lactose 113-120 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 133-137 22707060-4 2013 RESULTS: Different template/monomer ratios were studied and the optimised imprinted hydrogel (MIP2), with a lactose/methacrylamide ratio of 1:8, was selected in a rebinding test. Lactose 108-115 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 22707060-5 2013 In Scatchard analysis of MIP2-lactose interactions, the dissociation constant and maximum binding sites were 0.33 mmol L-1 and 67.76 micromol g-1 hydrogel, respectively. Lactose 30-37 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 22707060-6 2013 The selectivity of MIP2 for lactose in aqueous media was also evaluated in comparison with different mono- and disaccharides. Lactose 28-35 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 22707060-7 2013 The data showed that the affinity of MIP2 for lactose is significantly higher than other saccharides. Lactose 46-53 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 22707060-9 2013 CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that MIP2, as an optimised imprinted hydrogel, can effectively bind lactose and decrease its concentration in milk. Lactose 103-110 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 23739212-9 2013 Moreover, there was a significantly higher intake of lactose in men without insulin resistance compared with those with insulin resistance. Lactose 53-60 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 23326523-7 2013 Lactose also induced CAMP in the colonic epithelial cell line T84 and in THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Lactose 0-7 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 21-25 22980818-10 2012 Thus, this analytical method is suitable for sensitive lactose quantification in milk systems of less than 10 mgL(-1). Lactose 55-62 LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 1 Homo sapiens 110-116 23176158-8 2012 Lactose either alone or in combination with glycerol supported consistent biliverdin IXalpha production by strain BL21(mHO1) (up to an average of 23. Lactose 0-7 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 119-123 22395907-0 2012 Lactococcus lactis expressing food-grade beta-galactosidase alleviates lactose intolerance symptoms in post-weaning Balb/c mice. Lactose 71-78 galactosidase, beta 1 Mus musculus 41-59 22395907-1 2012 The endogenous beta-galactosidase expressed in intestinal microbes is demonstrated to help humans in lactose usage, and treatment associated with the promotion of beneficial microorganism in the gut is correlated with lactose tolerance. Lactose 101-108 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 15-33 22395907-1 2012 The endogenous beta-galactosidase expressed in intestinal microbes is demonstrated to help humans in lactose usage, and treatment associated with the promotion of beneficial microorganism in the gut is correlated with lactose tolerance. Lactose 218-225 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 15-33 22395907-2 2012 From this point, a kind of recombinant live beta-galactosidase delivery system using food-grade protein expression techniques and selected probiotics as vehicle was promoted by us for the purpose of application in lactose intolerance subjects. Lactose 214-221 galactosidase, beta 1 Mus musculus 44-62 22964399-9 2012 Storage did not significantly affect aerosol performance, however a rank increase in mean FPF value was observed for uncoated and EC coated lactose. Lactose 140-147 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 90-93 23000215-3 2012 We first describe the efficient conversion of lactose into isoglobotriaose (Galalpha-3Galbeta-4Glc) using high cell density cultures of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the bovine gene for alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase. Lactose 46-53 N-acetyllactosaminide alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase Bos taurus 216-247 23798775-4 2012 Before grinding, scanning electron microscopy showed the drug and lactose to have an average particle size of around 50 and 30 mum, respectively. Lactose 66-73 latexin Homo sapiens 127-130 22949520-6 2012 In accordance with this finding, a fraction of AgS exhibited affinity to lactose and displayed a 100% specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of human gnathostomiasis. Lactose 73-80 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 22941309-0 2012 Galacto-oligosaccharides synthesis from lactose and whey by beta-galactosidase immobilized in PVA. Lactose 40-47 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 60-78 22941309-3 2012 Lactose conversion takes place at a higher rate in the PVA-immobilized beta-galactosidase, while the lowest rate of lactose conversion was noticed with immobilized beta-galactosidase in sol-gel. Lactose 0-7 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 71-89 22941309-3 2012 Lactose conversion takes place at a higher rate in the PVA-immobilized beta-galactosidase, while the lowest rate of lactose conversion was noticed with immobilized beta-galactosidase in sol-gel. Lactose 116-123 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 164-182 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 elastin Homo sapiens 135-142 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 164-174 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 elastin Homo sapiens 228-235 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 endothelin receptor type B Homo sapiens 280-286 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 296-301 23158148-12 2012 When pre-incubating cells with a lactose solution (10 mmol/L), the inhibition on melanin production was 34.96% compared with the kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), tyrosinase activity was inhibited by 29.93% compared with kappa elastin group (P < 0.05), and the expressions of ET(B)R mRNA and c-kit mRNA were decreased by 1.56-fold and 0.82-fold compared with kappa elastin group, respectively. Lactose 33-40 elastin Homo sapiens 228-235 25005995-0 2012 Optimisation of immobilisation conditions for chick pea beta-galactosidase (CpGAL) to alkylamine glass using response surface methodology and its applications in lactose hydrolysis. Lactose 162-169 galactosidase beta 1 Gallus gallus 56-74 22931511-3 2012 Here we developed the experimental protein folding mechanism for the lactose repressor (LacI), for both the dimeric and the tetrameric states, using equilibrium unfolding and kinetic experiments, and by leveraging the previously reported monomer folding landscape. Lactose 69-76 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 88-92 22266995-7 2012 Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed lactose and lactose with yeast-dried milk had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater BW and ADFI during Phase 1. Lactose 50-57 ADG Sus scrofa 118-121 22266995-7 2012 Compared with pigs fed the control diet, pigs fed lactose and lactose with yeast-dried milk had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater BW and ADFI during Phase 1. Lactose 62-69 ADG Sus scrofa 118-121 22649065-6 2012 In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged. Lactose 20-27 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Homo sapiens 78-109 22724592-7 2012 beta-Galactosidase immobilized on chitosan macro and nanoparticles exhibited excellent operational stability at 37 C, because it was still able to hydrolyze 83.2 and 75.93% of lactose, respectively, after 50 cycles of reuse. Lactose 177-184 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 291-298 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 39-43 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 291-298 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Homo sapiens 124-129 22649065-6 2012 In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged. Lactose 20-27 UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 22649065-6 2012 In concordance with lactose synthesis, gene expression of galactose kinase 2, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase 2 (UGP2), and phosphoglucomutase 1 increased 18-, 10-, and threefold, respectively, between 6 and 72 h. Between 6 and 96 h, gene expression of UDP-galactose transporter 2 (SLC35A2) increased threefold, whereas glucose transporter 1 was unchanged. Lactose 20-27 phosphoglucomutase 1 Homo sapiens 122-142 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 199-206 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 19-37 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 199-206 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 39-43 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 199-206 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Homo sapiens 64-122 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 199-206 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Homo sapiens 124-129 22649065-9 2012 Gene expression of prolactin receptor (PRLR) and its downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription complex 5 (STAT5) were increased 10- and 2.5-fold, respectively, by 72 h. In summary, lactose synthesis paralleled the induction of gene expression of proteins involved in UDP-galactose synthesis and transport, suggesting that they are potentially rate limiting in lactose synthesis and thus milk production. Lactose 291-298 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 19-37 22234158-1 2012 The ability of humans to digest the milk component lactose after weaning requires persistent production of the lactose-converting enzyme lactase. Lactose 51-58 lactase Bos taurus 137-144 22281117-12 2012 Although PRL injections at milking time were not sufficient to restore milk yield, they tended to increase milk protein and lactose yields and increased the viability of milk-purified mammary epithelial cells. Lactose 124-131 prolactin Bos taurus 9-12 22850584-1 2012 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the CSN1S1 locus polymorphism on 305-d records of milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids yields, fat, protein, lactose and total solids contents in Mexican dairy goats. Lactose 129-136 alpha-S1-casein Capra hircus 63-69 22450157-5 2012 RESULTS: Galectin-3 endocytosis in non-macrophage cells and M2 cells was blocked by lactose and a potent galectin-3 inhibitor TD139, and also by the R186S mutation in the galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Lactose 84-91 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 9-19 22258180-1 2012 Lactase is the intestinal enzyme responsible for digestion of the milk sugar lactose. Lactose 77-84 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 22683026-1 2012 beta-Galactosidase is a hydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of beta-galactosides into monosaccharides; its major application in the food industry is to reduce the content of lactose in lactic products. Lactose 185-192 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 22901749-4 2012 To generate breast-specific autoimmunity, we immunized SWXJ mice with recombinant mouse alpha-lactalbumin, a lactation-dependent, breast-specific differentiation protein critical for production of lactose. Lactose 197-204 lactalbumin, alpha Mus musculus 88-105 22523080-4 2012 FGF21-induced signaling was enhanced in cells treated with lactose, a competitive inhibitor of the galectin lattice, suggesting that lattice-binding modulates KLB and/or FGFR1c activity. Lactose 59-66 fibroblast growth factor 21 Homo sapiens 0-5 22510029-3 2012 Lac-alpha-CDE (G3, average degree of substitution of lactose (DSL) 1.2)/siRNA complex had a potent RNAi effect against TTR gene expression through adequate physicochemical properties, asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)-mediated cellular uptake, efficient endosomal escape and the delivery of the siRNA complex to cytoplasm, but not nucleus, with negligible cytotoxicity. Lactose 53-60 transthyretin Mus musculus 119-122 22275296-7 2012 Over the 3-month study period there was a significantly greater reduction in gout flares in the SMP/GMP/G600 group (analysis of covariance p(group)=0.031, Tukey post hoc test compared with lactose control, p=0.044). Lactose 189-196 family with sequence similarity 53 member B Homo sapiens 96-114 22572735-2 2012 To digest the milk sugar lactose, lactase persistence (LP) should be required. Lactose 25-32 lactase Homo sapiens 34-41 22311019-1 2012 The beta(1,4)-galactosyltransferase-I gene (beta4galt1) encodes the catalytic part of the enzyme lactose synthase, responsible of lactose synthesis in the mammary gland. Lactose 97-104 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 44-54 22311019-4 2012 Statistical analysis showed that the genotypes of Beta4GALT1 significantly affect milk, lactose, protein and total solid productions in both the first and second lactation (P < 0.001). Lactose 88-95 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 50-60 22311019-5 2012 Variance component analysis considering restricted maximum likelihood showed that the major factor making differences in milk, lactose, protein and total solid productions among the studied cow is the beta4galt1 genotype. Lactose 127-134 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 201-211 22234158-6 2012 Given the heterogeneity in the frequency of the lactase persistence allele in ancient Europe, we suggest that in Southern Europe the selective advantage of lactose assimilation in adulthood most likely took place from standing population variation, after cattle domestication, at a post-Neolithic time when fresh milk consumption was already fully adopted as a consequence of a cultural influence. Lactose 156-163 lactase Bos taurus 48-55 22688420-1 2012 Intestinal lactase is required for the hydrolysis of lactose that is the most essential carbohydrate in milk and the primary diet source of newborn. Lactose 53-60 lactase Homo sapiens 11-18 22436215-2 2012 Lactose is synthesized within lactating mammary glands from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) and glucose by a transgalactosylation catalysed by a complex of beta4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA). Lactose 0-7 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 196-213 22349222-4 2012 The ligand-binding domain of the Epa1p adhesin, which is one of the best characterized in the Epa family, was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in complex with lactose. Lactose 183-190 GTPase NPA3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-38 22436215-9 2012 When alpha-LA first appeared as a result of its evolution from lysozyme, its content within the lactating mammary glands was low and lactose was therefore synthesized at a slow rate. Lactose 133-140 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 5-13 21984709-11 2012 Pigs receiving lactose during phase 1 had greater ADG (214.7 vs. 177.2 g; P = 0.01) and G:F (741.0 vs. 660.3 g/kg; P = 0.01) and tended to have greater ADFI (289.3 vs. 267.6 g; P = 0.07) during phase 1 but decreased (537.7 vs. 573.1 g; P = 0.09) ADG during phase 2. Lactose 15-22 ADG Sus scrofa 50-53 21984709-11 2012 Pigs receiving lactose during phase 1 had greater ADG (214.7 vs. 177.2 g; P = 0.01) and G:F (741.0 vs. 660.3 g/kg; P = 0.01) and tended to have greater ADFI (289.3 vs. 267.6 g; P = 0.07) during phase 1 but decreased (537.7 vs. 573.1 g; P = 0.09) ADG during phase 2. Lactose 15-22 ADG Sus scrofa 246-249 22365226-8 2012 Milk yield and secretion of milk lactose and protein were decreased by 8.0, 9.8, and 5.6%, respectively. Lactose 33-40 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 28-32 21681425-1 2012 The STAT5A gene was studied as a candidate gene for five milk production traits (milk yield at 305 days, protein percentage, fat percentage, lactose percentage and dry matter percentage) in Holstein cows. Lactose 141-148 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Bos taurus 4-10 22488034-5 2012 In case of gastrointestinal symptoms occurring after the initiation of drugs containing lactose, the possibility of lactose intolerance should be considered and tested by lactose tolerance test or genetic testing for the LCT (-13910) polymorphism. Lactose 116-123 lactase Homo sapiens 221-224 22488034-5 2012 In case of gastrointestinal symptoms occurring after the initiation of drugs containing lactose, the possibility of lactose intolerance should be considered and tested by lactose tolerance test or genetic testing for the LCT (-13910) polymorphism. Lactose 116-123 lactase Homo sapiens 221-224 22436215-2 2012 Lactose is synthesized within lactating mammary glands from uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-Gal) and glucose by a transgalactosylation catalysed by a complex of beta4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA). Lactose 0-7 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 215-223 22283494-6 2012 beta-Galactosidase from L. bulgaricus was used for lactose conversion and showed very high transgalactosylation activity. Lactose 51-58 DUF4981 domain-containing protein Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 = JCM 1002 0-18 22368054-0 2012 Determination of glycation sites by tandem mass spectrometry in a synthetic lactose-bovine serum albumin conjugate, a vaccine model prepared by dialkyl squarate chemistry. Lactose 76-83 albumin Homo sapiens 91-104 22368054-3 2012 METHOD: Covalent attachment of the lactose antigen to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) was prepared by the squaric acid method using a hapten:BSA ratio of 20:1. Lactose 35-42 albumin Homo sapiens 65-78 21792939-8 2012 The Gal-3-mediated phagocytosis was blocked by excessive soluble MerTK extracellular domain and lactose. Lactose 96-103 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 4-9 22211845-0 2012 Meta-analysis: the diagnostic accuracy of lactose breath hydrogen or lactose tolerance tests for predicting the North European lactase polymorphism C/T-13910. Lactose 42-49 lactase Homo sapiens 127-134 22281350-8 2012 Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL). Lactose 146-153 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 141-145 22127264-9 2012 However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by beta-CN (A2>A1) and kappa-CN (A>B>E). Lactose 38-45 casein beta Bos taurus 86-93 22281350-8 2012 Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL). Lactose 146-153 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 141-145 22281350-8 2012 Replacing AS with SS increased concentrations of milk fat (4.44 vs. 3.80%) and total solids (13.31 vs. 12.88%) and reduced concentrations of milk lactose (4.55 vs. 4.61%), milk solids-not-fat (8.88 vs. 9.08%), and milk urea nitrogen (10.0 vs. 14.0 mg/dL). Lactose 146-153 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 141-145 22111949-3 2012 Here we report the high- to ultra-high-resolution crystal structures of the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3C) in the ligand-free state (1.08 A at 100 K, 1.25 A at 298 K) and in complex with lactose (0.86 A) or glycerol (0.9 A). Lactose 210-217 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 111-121 23430852-0 2012 Treatment with lactose (galactose)-restricted and medium-chain triglyceride-supplemented formula for neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency. Lactose 15-22 solute carrier family 25 member 13 Homo sapiens 145-151 22826639-3 2012 This review discusses the lactase-persistence alleles that have arisen in different populations around the world, diagnosis of lactose intolerance, and its symptomatology and management. Lactose 127-134 lactase Homo sapiens 26-33 21899917-6 2012 By use of FITC-labelled gal-3, we found that it attached rapidly to the PMN membrane in a lactose-sensitive manner. Lactose 90-97 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 24-29 23430852-9 2012 Early treatment with lactose (galactose)-restricted and MCT-supplemented formula is recommended for patients with NICCD and possibly for patients with CTLN2. Lactose 21-28 solute carrier family 25 member 13 Homo sapiens 151-156 21836184-1 2012 Milk consumption and lactose digestion after weaning are exclusively human traits made possible by the continued production of the enzyme lactase in adulthood. Lactose 21-28 lactase Homo sapiens 138-145 21888996-1 2011 After the complete gene of a beta-galactosidase from human isolate Bifidobacterium breve B24 was isolated by PCR and overexpressed in E. coli, the recombinant beta-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity and characterized for the glycoside transferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) activities on lactose. Lactose 302-309 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 29-47 22536764-6 2012 Studies in the VDR null mouse have demonstrated that bone mineralisation can be restored without vitamin D by a diet very high in calcium and lactose. Lactose 142-149 vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor Mus musculus 15-18 22339027-4 2012 Lactose rejections were 98.5 and 54% for UF + NF90 and UF + NF270 respectively. Lactose 0-7 interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 Homo sapiens 46-50 21939778-6 2011 In this vein, different doses of lactose were administrated during 2 weeks in adult mice on an attempt to evaluate the lactase activity. Lactose 33-40 lactase Mus musculus 119-126 21866443-2 2011 Utilization of lactose indicated that the enzyme belongs to GDH type B isozyme. Lactose 15-22 hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-63 22379801-5 2011 METHODS: By using lactose as the main carbon source and X-Gal as chromogenic agent in the medium, cold-adapted strains producing beta-galactosidase were detected. Lactose 18-25 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 129-147 22745637-1 2012 Type A neurotoxin (NTX) of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column. Lactose 92-99 neurotoxin Clostridium botulinum 7-17 22745637-1 2012 Type A neurotoxin (NTX) of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column. Lactose 92-99 neurotoxin Clostridium botulinum 19-22 21952242-8 2011 Feeding a high-lactose calcium rescue diet that circumvents a VDR requirement for calcium absorption from the intestine normalized serum calcium levels, restored beta-cell insulin secretion, corrected glucose intolerance, and eliminated accelerated T1D in VDR-deficient NOD mice. Lactose 15-22 vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor Mus musculus 62-65 21911440-4 2011 Na-butyrate supplementation in MF or in lactose solution (with the same quantity of lactose contained in the MF, 5%) suppressed the increase in plasma insulin and GH concentrations, and the plasma IGF1 level was not changed. Lactose 40-47 insulin Bos taurus 151-158 21911440-4 2011 Na-butyrate supplementation in MF or in lactose solution (with the same quantity of lactose contained in the MF, 5%) suppressed the increase in plasma insulin and GH concentrations, and the plasma IGF1 level was not changed. Lactose 84-91 insulin Bos taurus 151-158 21871142-4 2011 Milk yield, lactose, protein, non casein nitrogen, microbial features were affected by SCC level. Lactose 12-19 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 87-90 22032356-8 2011 The exclusion of milk from udder quarters with elevated SCC decreased the content of total protein and protein content in the whey fraction and increased the content of lactose at cow level. Lactose 169-176 SCC Bos taurus 56-59 21256992-1 2011 The Maillard reaction between lactose and proteins occurs during thermal treatment of milk and lactosylated beta-lactoglobulin, alpha-lactalbumin and caseins have widely been used to monitor the quality of dairy products. Lactose 30-37 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 128-145 21763294-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Absorption of milk sugar (lactose) is regulated by the activity of lactase enzyme in gut wall. Lactose 26-36 lactase Homo sapiens 79-86 21763294-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Absorption of milk sugar (lactose) is regulated by the activity of lactase enzyme in gut wall. Lactose 38-45 lactase Homo sapiens 79-86 21763294-2 2011 Intestinal lactase activity declines during childhood in majority of human populations leading to adult-type hypolactasia (primary lactose malabsorption), limiting the use of fresh milk due to lactose intolerance. Lactose 131-138 lactase Homo sapiens 11-18 21837347-4 2011 ELLA binding studies confirm that galactose sugar clusters are effective ligands for the PA-IL bacterial lectin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa while poor binding for the lactose-based monovalent probe and no binding could be measured for the multivalent glycoclusters was observed for the human galectin-1. Lactose 36-43 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 290-300 21839845-3 2011 The aim of the present study was to determine whether bifidobacteria and clostridia are able to grow on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and other carbon sources - lactose, cow milk (CM) and human milk (HM). Lactose 166-173 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 110-114 22108417-1 2011 OBJECTIVE: To investigate relations between milk consumption and lactose intolerance (LI) in adults and to explore the effect of milk consumption on lactase activity. Lactose 65-72 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 44-48 21531845-14 2011 The greater concentration of lactose in colostrum from IF sows could be attributed to this transient increase in prolactin and cortisol. Lactose 29-36 prolactin Homo sapiens 113-122 21943731-3 2011 The proposed method is based on the rapid hydrolysis of lactose using beta-galactosidase and subsequently measuring glucose using a blood glucose meter. Lactose 56-63 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 70-88 21888996-1 2011 After the complete gene of a beta-galactosidase from human isolate Bifidobacterium breve B24 was isolated by PCR and overexpressed in E. coli, the recombinant beta-galactosidase was purified to homogeneity and characterized for the glycoside transferase (GT) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) activities on lactose. Lactose 302-309 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 159-177 21888996-7 2011 The results suggest that this recombinant beta-galactosidase derived from a human isolate B. breve B24 may be suitable for both the hydrolysis and synthesis of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) in milk and lactose processing. Lactose 203-210 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 42-60 21798523-6 2011 Whereas, galectins, namely LEC-1, -2, -4, -6, -9, -10, and DC2.3a, were assigned in the lactose-eluted fraction. Lactose 88-95 32 kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin;Galectin Caenorhabditis elegans 27-48 21936609-17 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The results show that lactase-genotype testing can be used as a first step to diagnose lactose intolerance in a patient population with unexplained abdominal complaints. Lactose 100-107 lactase Homo sapiens 35-42 21445905-3 2011 This mutation results in the persistent expression of lactase into adulthood enabling individuals carrying a T(-13,910) allele to digest lactose as adults. Lactose 137-144 lactase Homo sapiens 54-61 21645762-9 2011 The biosensing system also showed a high performance for lactose detection in wide range of 1 muM to 1mM. Lactose 57-64 latexin Homo sapiens 94-97 21700008-8 2011 The 2 most active enzymes, as determined by the beta-galactosidase assay, hydrolyzed over 98% of the lactose in 24h at 2 C using the supplier"s recommended dosage. Lactose 101-108 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 48-66 21502314-4 2011 Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells. Lactose 46-49 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 119-122 21502314-4 2011 Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells. Lactose 46-49 DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-171 21502314-4 2011 Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells. Lactose 46-49 DNA topoisomerase II binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 173-179 21502314-4 2011 Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells. Lactose 46-49 ATR serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 212-215 21502314-4 2011 Here, using the well defined Escherichia coli lac repressor/operator system, we have found that directly tethering the ATR activator topoisomerase IIbeta-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) to DNA is sufficient to induce ATR phosphorylation of Chk1 in an in vitro system as well as in vivo in mammalian cells. Lactose 46-49 checkpoint kinase 1 Homo sapiens 235-239 21605780-8 2011 Supplementation with SCFP increased milk lactose content without affecting milk production under the conditions investigated. Lactose 41-48 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 36-40 21031433-6 2011 METHODS: Candidate galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co-purified with galectin-3 during lactose affinity chromatography. Lactose 149-156 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 19-29 21031433-6 2011 METHODS: Candidate galectin-3 ligands in prostasomes were identified by tandem mass spectrometry of proteins that co-purified with galectin-3 during lactose affinity chromatography. Lactose 149-156 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 131-141 21405109-4 2011 Inhibition of CPL causing hemagglutination on human erythrocytes showed that the lectin shows specificity to GalNAc and lactose. Lactose 120-127 hephaestin Homo sapiens 14-17 21838558-3 2011 The main function of alpha-LA is to participate in lactose biosynthesis. Lactose 51-58 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 21-29 23572778-3 2011 CaCl2 (0.2%, w/v) was used as coagulant at 75 +- 1 C. Increased level of SPI in paneer increased yield, protein, ash, moisture content and decreased fat, moisture protein ratio, lactose and calorie contents. Lactose 178-185 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 73-76 21103910-2 2011 A supplemental beta-galactosidase administered orally to treat lactose intolerance was conjugated to 40 kDa, branched polyethylene glycol (PEG). Lactose 63-70 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 15-33 21436014-9 2011 RESULTS: Circulating T cells: IFN-gamma was significantly lower in the LAC-PD group (p<0.05) compared to the ICO-PD and LAC/BIC-PD groups. Lactose 71-74 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 30-39 21524506-1 2011 alpha-Lactalbumin is a ubiquitous calcium-binding milk protein with a well-characterized function in regulating the synthesis of lactose. Lactose 129-136 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 0-17 21436014-12 2011 The Th1/Th2 ratio was significantly lower in the LAC-PD group when compared both to LAC/BIC-PD and ICO-PD groups. Lactose 49-52 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 4-7 21103358-5 2010 The use of lactose or Neu-1 siRNA blocks this process suggesting that the elastin receptor complex is responsible for this lipid conversion. Lactose 11-18 elastin Homo sapiens 74-81 22439954-10 2011 Reductions in milk component yields were associated with lower alpha-lactalbumin transcripts, suggesting a transcriptional decrease of lactose synthesis during ODM. Lactose 135-142 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 63-80 22439954-11 2011 Glucose transporter GLUT1 transcripts were downregulated under ODM, suggesting that lactose precursor uptake by MEC might be involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis. Lactose 84-91 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Capra hircus 20-25 22439954-11 2011 Glucose transporter GLUT1 transcripts were downregulated under ODM, suggesting that lactose precursor uptake by MEC might be involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis. Lactose 155-162 solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 Capra hircus 20-25 21257055-11 2011 Mammary uptake of energetic substrates did not vary across treatments, although milk lactose yield increased with the ARG+ treatment relative to CTL. Lactose 85-92 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 80-84 21997669-6 2011 Galactose (+31.5 mmol/l) significantly counteracted the loss of choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons in low-glucose-treated slices, while fructose, lactose and saccharose only partly protected cholinergic neurons. Lactose 2-9 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 64-89 21647416-10 2011 There was a significant correlation between the chemotactic index and BA4 reactivity, and the increases in chemotactic activity of extracts from Marfan patients could be inhibited by pretreatment with lactose, VGVAPG peptides, or BA4, which indicates the involvement of EBP in mediating the effects. Lactose 201-208 EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase Homo sapiens 270-273 21210196-2 2011 Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Lactose 56-70 galectin-1 Capra hircus 151-161 21210196-2 2011 Its metal independent nature, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose and 90-94% homology with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Lactose 56-70 galectin-1 Capra hircus 189-199 21686221-1 2011 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, lactase, is the intestinal enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose. Lactose 111-118 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 21686221-1 2011 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, lactase, is the intestinal enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose. Lactose 111-118 lactase Homo sapiens 29-36 21234407-2 2010 The use of beta-galactosidase for the hydrolysis of lactose in milk and whey is one of the promising enzymatic applications in food and dairy processing industries. Lactose 52-59 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 11-29 20696150-2 2010 Recently, there is increasing interest in targeting GALK as a novel therapy to ameliorate the disease manifestations in patients with Classic Galactosemia as it would, in combination with (ga-)lactose restriction reduce accumulation of Gal-1-P, a cytotoxic agent. Lactose 144-151 galactokinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 21139216-4 2010 This study describes the cloning, expression in Escherichia coli, purification and crystallization of recombinant Drgal1-L2 protein in the presence of lactose (ligand). Lactose 151-158 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 2a Danio rerio 114-123 20354738-2 2010 Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Lactose 86-100 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 182-192 20354738-2 2010 Its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kDa, preferential affinity for beta-D-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. Lactose 86-100 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 220-230 20878964-5 2010 The performance of the experiments is demonstrated on a system by using the lectin, galectin-1 and its carbohydrate ligand, lactose. Lactose 124-131 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 84-94 20362522-3 2010 AIMS: We examined the relationship between the LCT-13910C>T polymorphism causing lactose intolerance and risk for colorectal cancer/polyps onset in the Italian population. Lactose 84-91 lactase Homo sapiens 47-50 21320900-3 2011 Lactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the milk sugar lactose and its production decreases after the weaning phase in most mammals, including most humans. Lactose 70-77 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 21235777-2 2011 Lactase non-persistence, often called lactose intolerance, is the normal condition where lactase activity in the intestinal wall declines after weaning. Lactose 38-45 lactase Bos taurus 0-7 21235777-2 2011 Lactase non-persistence, often called lactose intolerance, is the normal condition where lactase activity in the intestinal wall declines after weaning. Lactose 38-45 lactase Bos taurus 89-96 21821960-2 2011 The formation of lactose caprate from lactose sugar and capric acid, using free lipase (free-CRL) and lipase immobilized on nanoporous mica (NER-CRL) as a biocatalyst, was evaluated through a kinetic study. Lactose 17-24 interleukin 31 receptor A Homo sapiens 93-96 21821960-2 2011 The formation of lactose caprate from lactose sugar and capric acid, using free lipase (free-CRL) and lipase immobilized on nanoporous mica (NER-CRL) as a biocatalyst, was evaluated through a kinetic study. Lactose 17-24 interleukin 31 receptor A Homo sapiens 145-148 22615648-3 2011 METHODS: METHODS EMPLOYED FOR FORMULATIONS WERE: a) Film coating of CPH using Eudragit E100 and subsequent adsorption on different carriers such as spray-dried lactose, sodium starch glycolate and spray-dried mannitol and b) Complexation of CPH with three different ion exchange resins indion 234 amberlite IRP64 and amberlite IRP69. Lactose 160-167 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 68-71 21054390-5 2011 All these changes were blocked by lactose, suggesting a lectin dependent manner of Gal-1"s function. Lactose 34-41 galectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 21028949-1 2010 Lactase persistence and thereby tolerance to lactose is a common trait in people of Northern European descent. Lactose 45-52 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 21028949-3 2010 In people of African and Middle Eastern descent, lactase persistence can be associated with other variants nearby the -13910C>T variant, limiting the use of the -13910C>T-based SNP analysis, e.g. TaqMan assays for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance. Lactose 237-244 lactase Homo sapiens 49-56 20853312-6 2010 Furthermore, pretreatment of fibroblasts by lactose depressed their ability to migrate in response to all elastin peptides, suggesting the involvement of elastin receptor in cell response. Lactose 44-51 elastin Homo sapiens 106-113 20853312-6 2010 Furthermore, pretreatment of fibroblasts by lactose depressed their ability to migrate in response to all elastin peptides, suggesting the involvement of elastin receptor in cell response. Lactose 44-51 elastin Homo sapiens 154-161 20435074-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Peroral beta-galactosidase preparations for the management of lactose intolerance need to be administered in large doses (1500 to 6000 U) immediately before or together with a lactose-containing meal. Lactose 74-81 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 20-38 20435074-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Peroral beta-galactosidase preparations for the management of lactose intolerance need to be administered in large doses (1500 to 6000 U) immediately before or together with a lactose-containing meal. Lactose 188-195 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 20-38 20435074-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS: For the delivery of beta-galactosidase WGA-targeted PLGA microparticles were prepared, which represent promising candidates for a convenient biomimetic treatment regimen of lactose intolerance. Lactose 186-193 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 33-51 20515395-3 2010 METHOD: To provide an alternative strategy for reducing the cardiotoxicity, a novel THP liposome powder (L-THP), comprising distearoylphosphatidylcholine, distearoylphosphatidylglycerol, cholesterol, and lactose was appropriately prepared based on the physicochemical properties of THP. Lactose 204-211 uromodulin Mus musculus 84-87 20625591-2 2010 They have been used in an efficient one-pot multienzyme system to synthesize LacNAc, lactose, and their derivatives including those containing negatively charged 6-O-sulfated GlcNAc and C2-substituted GlcNAc or Glc, from monosaccharide derivatives and inexpensive Glc-1-P. Lactose 85-92 GLC1P Homo sapiens 264-271 20707006-1 2010 Heat treatment of milk induces the Maillard reaction between lactose and proteins; in this context, beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin adducts have been used as markers to monitor milk quality. Lactose 61-68 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 123-140 20695638-3 2010 In control samples, maltose and maltotriose were hydrolyzed by alpha-glucosidase and not beta-galactosidase, whereas lactose was resistant to alpha-glucosidase but was hydrolyzed with beta-galactosidase. Lactose 117-124 sucrase-isomaltase Homo sapiens 142-159 20695638-3 2010 In control samples, maltose and maltotriose were hydrolyzed by alpha-glucosidase and not beta-galactosidase, whereas lactose was resistant to alpha-glucosidase but was hydrolyzed with beta-galactosidase. Lactose 117-124 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 184-202 20854991-7 2010 Differences between alpha-LA groups were, however, found in some milk quality traits because high alpha-LA concentration was related to low concentrations of alpha(S1)-, alpha(S2)-, and beta-caseins and high concentrations of lactose and beta-lactoglobulin. Lactose 226-233 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 20-28 20854991-7 2010 Differences between alpha-LA groups were, however, found in some milk quality traits because high alpha-LA concentration was related to low concentrations of alpha(S1)-, alpha(S2)-, and beta-caseins and high concentrations of lactose and beta-lactoglobulin. Lactose 226-233 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 98-106 20855002-9 2010 The probability of conception before 145 d in milk increased with lower milk production on the second test-day, higher percentage of protein on the second test-day, and higher percentage of lactose on the first test-day. Lactose 190-197 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 46-50 20666428-2 2010 In this work, we present experimental evidence of an increased thermal stability of galectin-1, a multifunctional beta-galactoside-binding protein, upon binding to the disaccharide lactose. Lactose 181-188 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 84-94 20530735-7 2010 Based on our findings, we propose a model in which FATP2 is a multifunctional protein that shows subcellular localization-dependent activity and is a major contributor to peroxisomal (V)LACS activity and hepatic fatty acid uptake, suggesting FATP2 as a potential novel target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lactose 186-190 solute carrier family 27 member 2 Homo sapiens 51-56 20398434-2 2010 Lactose hydrogen breath test (H2-BT) is considered the gold standard to evaluate LCT deficiency (LD). Lactose 0-7 H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene Homo sapiens 30-35 20398434-7 2010 Patients with LD had more intense intestinal symptoms 4 h following the lactose challenge included in the H2-BT. Lactose 72-79 H2B clustered histone 20, pseudogene Homo sapiens 106-111 20827806-0 2010 High frequency of MCM6 lactose intolerance genotype in Polynesian people. Lactose 23-30 minichromosome maintenance complex component 6 Homo sapiens 18-22 33467830-2 2010 Currently, GOS are produced by glycoside hydrolases (GH) using lactose as substrate. Lactose 63-70 gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Homo sapiens 53-55 33467830-3 2010 Converting lactose into GOS by GH results in mixtures containing GOS of different degrees of polymerization (DP), unreacted lactose, and monomeric sugars (glucose and galactose). Lactose 11-18 gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Homo sapiens 31-33 33467830-3 2010 Converting lactose into GOS by GH results in mixtures containing GOS of different degrees of polymerization (DP), unreacted lactose, and monomeric sugars (glucose and galactose). Lactose 124-131 gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Homo sapiens 31-33 33467830-5 2010 To produce high-GOS-content mixtures, GH should not only have good ability to catalyze the transgalactosylation reaction relative to hydrolysis, but also have low affinity for the GOS formed relative to the affinity for lactose. Lactose 220-227 gamma-glutamyl hydrolase Homo sapiens 38-40 33467831-5 2010 A GOS can be produced by a series of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by beta-galactosidase, where the glycosyl group of one or more D-galactosyl units is transferred onto the D-galactose moiety of lactose, in a process known as transgalactosylation. Lactose 177-184 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 70-88 20723706-4 2010 Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype-based association analyses revealed suggestive associations between genetic variability of the SCD1 locus and lactose, stearic, polyunsaturated, and conjugated linoleic fatty acid contents. Lactose 155-162 stearoyl-CoA desaturase Capra hircus 140-144 20713592-4 2010 Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals. Lactose 57-69 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 34-44 20225268-1 2010 The C-variant of a T-13910C polymorphism (rs4988235; NT_022135.15:g.25316568G > A) upstream of the lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) gene causes lactose intolerance. Lactose 148-155 lactase Homo sapiens 102-129 20713592-4 2010 Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals. Lactose 57-69 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 111-116 20713592-4 2010 Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals. Lactose 57-69 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 20713592-4 2010 Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals. Lactose 57-69 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 166-171 20713592-4 2010 Angiogenesis assays revealed that galectin-3 inhibitors, beta-lactose and dominant-negative galectin-3, reduce VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro and that VEGF- and bFGF-mediated angiogenic response is reduced in galectin-3 knockdown cells and Gal3(-/-) animals. Lactose 57-69 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 176-180 20630211-10 2010 We observed a decrease in milk casein, which was associated with a decrease in the mRNA level of kappa-casein in the lactose-infused glands, and a decrease in milk lactose, which was associated with a downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin transcripts in both the EGTA- and lactose-treated glands. Lactose 164-171 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 219-236 20399061-1 2010 In the lactating mammary gland, prolactin (PRL) stimulates the synthesis of lactose as well as fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis. Lactose 76-83 prolactin Capra hircus 32-41 20399061-1 2010 In the lactating mammary gland, prolactin (PRL) stimulates the synthesis of lactose as well as fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis. Lactose 76-83 prolactin Capra hircus 43-46 20655425-9 2010 In addition, different milk components had different levels of day-to-day variation, the least variation being found in lactose (0.9%) and the greatest in fat (7.7%). Lactose 120-127 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 23-27 26615944-2 2010 Using the carbohydrate binding domain of galectin-3 in the free and lactose-bound states as a test case, we compared the calculated order parameters with experimental data from NMR relaxation. Lactose 68-75 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 41-51 20630211-10 2010 We observed a decrease in milk casein, which was associated with a decrease in the mRNA level of kappa-casein in the lactose-infused glands, and a decrease in milk lactose, which was associated with a downregulation of alpha-lactalbumin transcripts in both the EGTA- and lactose-treated glands. Lactose 164-171 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 219-236 20630211-12 2010 Lactose infusion increased the mRNA level of Bax, suggesting that apoptosis was regulated at the transcriptional level. Lactose 0-7 apoptosis regulator BAX Capra hircus 45-48 20509693-3 2010 beta-Gal catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose, and the produced glucose is catalytically oxidized to gluconic acid and H(2)O(2), which is reduced in the presence of HRP. Lactose 37-44 beta-galactosidase Theobroma cacao 0-8 20585563-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Lactase non-persistent (LNP) individuals may be lactose intolerant and therefore on a more restricted diet concerning milk and milk products compared to lactase persistent (LP) individuals. Lactose 60-67 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 20873218-1 2010 The alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) plays a key role in lactose synthesis in mammary glands of domestic animals. Lactose 53-60 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 4-21 20873218-1 2010 The alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) plays a key role in lactose synthesis in mammary glands of domestic animals. Lactose 53-60 alpha-lactalbumin Capra hircus 23-31 20494134-4 2010 Induction of IL-8 production by both alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin was higher than that by lactose and NDM; alpha-lactalbumin was a more potent inducer of IL-8 than beta-lactoglobulin and IL-1beta alone in both unstimulated and stimulated cells. Lactose 102-109 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 13-17 19898963-6 2010 Secretion of beta-glucosidase was found to be clearly dependent on the composition of the carbon source, and in the case of lactose, 2-fold higher specific activity was observed compared to Solka Floc and steam-pre-treated corn stover. Lactose 124-131 beta-glucosidase Zea mays 13-29 20369893-0 2010 Use of lactose against the deadly biological toxin ricin. Lactose 7-14 ricin Ricinus communis 51-56 20369893-5 2010 Lactose (a natural ligand of this toxin) was incorporated into polyacrylamide-based glycopolymers at variable sugar densities (18-100%) and evaluated with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy and the real agent, ricin. Lactose 0-7 ricin Ricinus communis 220-225 20512434-0 2010 Nano-coating of beta-galactosidase onto the surface of lactose by using an ultrasound-assisted technique. Lactose 55-62 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 16-34 20512434-1 2010 We nano-coated powdered lactose particles with the enzyme beta-galactosidase using an ultrasound-assisted technique. Lactose 24-31 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 58-76 20512434-5 2010 Interestingly, lactose, which is a substrate for beta-galactosidase, did not undergo enzymatic degradation during processing and remained unchanged for at least 1 month. Lactose 15-22 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 49-67 20209510-6 2010 The binding of ZnTPPS(4) to hGal-3 (with and without lactose) is of high affinity having k(D)=0.18-0.20 microM and is not inhibited by lactose, indicating that ZnTPPS(4) and carbohydrate bind different sites. Lactose 53-60 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 28-34 20184898-0 2010 Lactose binding to galectin-1 modulates structural dynamics, increases conformational entropy, and occurs with apparent negative cooperativity. Lactose 0-7 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 19-29 20184898-3 2010 Here, we used heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to investigate lactose binding to gal-1 and to derive solution NMR structures of gal-1 in the lactose-bound and unbound states. Lactose 83-90 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 20184898-3 2010 Here, we used heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling to investigate lactose binding to gal-1 and to derive solution NMR structures of gal-1 in the lactose-bound and unbound states. Lactose 162-169 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 20184898-6 2010 Analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence titration binding data indicates that lactose binds the two carbohydrate recognition domains of the gal-1 dimer with negative cooperativity, in that the first lactose molecule binds more strongly (K(1)=21+/-6 x 10(3) M(-1)) than the second (K(2)=4+/-2 x 10(3) M(-1)). Lactose 89-96 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 20184898-6 2010 Analysis of heteronuclear single quantum coherence titration binding data indicates that lactose binds the two carbohydrate recognition domains of the gal-1 dimer with negative cooperativity, in that the first lactose molecule binds more strongly (K(1)=21+/-6 x 10(3) M(-1)) than the second (K(2)=4+/-2 x 10(3) M(-1)). Lactose 210-217 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 151-156 20226765-9 2010 After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column. Lactose 6-13 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 46-56 20226765-9 2010 After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column. Lactose 6-13 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 57-68 20226765-9 2010 After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column. Lactose 6-13 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 7 Homo sapiens 138-149 20226765-9 2010 After lactose affinity column purification of galectin-1-beta4Gal-T7 fusion protein, the unique protease cleavage site allows the protein beta4Gal-T7 to be cleaved from galectin-1 that binds and elutes from UDP-agarose column. Lactose 6-13 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 169-179 20083396-4 2010 In this paper, modifications on the kappa-CN aggregation process by hydrolysis with chymosin derived from the initial protein state and the presence of sucrose and lactose were studied. Lactose 164-171 casein kappa Bos taurus 36-44 20083396-8 2010 Sucrose and lactose also affect the aggregation of proteolized particles of kappa-CN. Lactose 12-19 casein kappa Bos taurus 76-84 20338445-7 2010 Milk protein content was not changed by LNA infusion, whereas milk lactose content and yield were decreased quadratically as LNA infusion increased. Lactose 67-74 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 62-66 19955563-10 2010 NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology. Lactose 90-93 RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3 Mus musculus 0-4 19955563-10 2010 NeuN (neuronal nuclei), a neuron-specific nuclear protein, was expressed abundantly in DC-LAT6 cells, but not C1300 cells, after serum withdrawal, further supporting the concept that LAT enhanced neuronal-like morphology. Lactose 90-93 RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3 Mus musculus 6-21 20351709-1 2010 Classic galactosemia results from mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene and causes infants to present with jaundice after initiation of lactose containing formulas. Lactose 10-17 galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Homo sapiens 51-91 20353605-2 2010 One candidate example that has been put forward is lactase persistence in adulthood, i.e. the ability to continue digesting the milk sugar lactose after childhood, facilitating the consumption of raw milk. Lactose 139-146 lactase Homo sapiens 51-58 20089725-9 2010 RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein. Lactose 154-161 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 20089725-9 2010 RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein. Lactose 218-225 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 20089725-9 2010 RESULTS: In analyses adjusted for energy, age, and time since menarche, significant correlations (P < 0.05) were as follows: IGF-I with total protein, lactose, calcium, and sodium; IGFBP-3 with total fat (inverse), lactose, fiber, and calcium; IGF-I/IGFBP-3 with lactose and calcium; and IGFBP-1 with vegetable protein. Lactose 218-225 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 20151114-1 2010 The Maillard-reaction-induced lactosylation of the major whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) and beta-lactoglobulins (beta-Lg) A and B, occurring upon heating at 70, 80 and 90 degrees C for 1 to 5 h in the presence of lactose excess, was studied by HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization single and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS, MS/MS). Lactose 226-233 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 72-89 20151114-1 2010 The Maillard-reaction-induced lactosylation of the major whey proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-La) and beta-lactoglobulins (beta-Lg) A and B, occurring upon heating at 70, 80 and 90 degrees C for 1 to 5 h in the presence of lactose excess, was studied by HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization single and tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS, MS/MS). Lactose 226-233 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 91-99 20190373-3 2010 The enzyme lactase is needed to digest lactose. Lactose 39-46 lactase Homo sapiens 11-18 20190373-5 2010 When the activity of lactase is low, lactose passes intact the small intestine and reaches the large intestine, could cause unpleasantness such as diarrhea and stomach ache. Lactose 37-44 lactase Homo sapiens 21-28 20391953-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Lactase enzyme supplements and probiotics with high beta-galactosidase activity may be valid treatment options for the lactose intolerance. Lactose 131-138 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 20499001-1 2010 In most mammals, lactase activity declines on the intestinal wall after weaning, characterizing primary hypolactasia that provokes symptoms of lactose intolerance. Lactose 143-150 lactase Homo sapiens 17-24 20144269-8 2010 The supernatants of CD133(+) cells induced apoptosis of CD8(+) T cells to a greater degree (27.1+ or - 2.6%) compared with supernatants from CD133(-) cells (10.1 + or - 2.2%), and could be down-regulated by lactose, anti-galectin-3 polyclonal antibody and Gal-3 siRNA. Lactose 207-214 prominin 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 19616076-10 2010 Although the majority of these interactions occur via the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal3 and saccharide ligands such as lactose can perturb some of these interactions, the significance of the protein"s carbohydrate-binding activity, per se, remains a challenge for future investigations. Lactose 129-136 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 93-97 19853028-6 2010 The stability of bFGF was preserved when spray-dried with lactose in an aqueous solution. Lactose 58-65 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 19940114-7 2010 In this study, we show that galectin-3, which is a beta-galactoside-binding protein, strongly bound to unmodified Lm332 but not to GnT-III-Lm332 and that binding of galectin-3 was completely blocked by lactose. Lactose 202-209 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 28-38 19940114-7 2010 In this study, we show that galectin-3, which is a beta-galactoside-binding protein, strongly bound to unmodified Lm332 but not to GnT-III-Lm332 and that binding of galectin-3 was completely blocked by lactose. Lactose 202-209 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 165-175 19666150-3 2009 A systematic study on the effect of varying concentrations of YE indicated several folds higher expression of genes viz., human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhGCSF), human interferon alpha 2b (rhIFN-alpha2b) and Staphylokinase (rSAK) in BL21(DE3) cells in the absence of any specific inducer like IPTG or additional lactose. Lactose 326-333 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 128-165 19851880-4 2010 The purposes of this study were to determine the correlations between lactose traits and other milk production traits in dairy cattle and to investigate whether HbG level can be correlated with milk and lactose production traits. Lactose 203-210 hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Bos taurus 161-164 19851880-8 2010 The negative correlation between HbG and milk and total lactose production is probably related to the higher glucose demands in the lactating mammary gland of more productive cows. Lactose 56-63 hemoglobin fetal subunit beta Bos taurus 33-36 19561030-3 2009 Galectin-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis is blocked by lactose and inhibited by an anti-galectin-1 antibody but not by nonspecific antibodies. Lactose 53-60 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 19808655-9 2009 The higher digestibility of the lactose than the maltodextrin in the formulas can be attributed to a 5- to 20-fold higher hydrolytic activity of tissue-specific lactase than maltases. Lactose 32-39 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Sus scrofa 161-168 19082762-0 2009 Lactose hydrolysis by beta-galactosidase covalently immobilized to thermally stable biopolymers. Lactose 0-7 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 22-40 19776007-6 2009 In vitro studies of mast cell degranulation involving RBL-2H3 cells demonstrated that Gal-9 suppressed degranulation from the cells stimulated by IgE plus antigen and that the inhibitory effect was completely abrogated in the presence of lactose, indicating lectin activity of Gal-9 is critical. Lactose 238-245 galectin 9 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 19776007-6 2009 In vitro studies of mast cell degranulation involving RBL-2H3 cells demonstrated that Gal-9 suppressed degranulation from the cells stimulated by IgE plus antigen and that the inhibitory effect was completely abrogated in the presence of lactose, indicating lectin activity of Gal-9 is critical. Lactose 238-245 galectin 9 Rattus norvegicus 277-282 19082762-1 2009 Lactose has been hydrolyzed using covalently immobilized beta-galactosidase on thermally stable carrageenan coated with chitosan (hydrogel). Lactose 0-7 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 57-75 20849614-7 2010 RESULTS: Deletion of one allele of Akt2 in Akt1-deficient mice resulted in a severe defect in Stat5 activation during late pregnancy that was accompanied by a global failure of terminal mammary epithelial cell differentiation, as manifested by the near-complete loss in production of the three principal components of milk: lactose, lipid, and milk proteins. Lactose 324-331 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 2 Mus musculus 35-39 19758476-6 2009 Samples with detectable levels of SAA had lower casein number and lactose content, but higher whey protein content than samples without SAA. Lactose 66-73 serum amyloid A protein Bos taurus 34-37 19863810-6 2009 Single-cell imaging of a DT40 derivative in which the rearranged and diversifying immunoglobulin lambdaR light chain gene is tagged with polymerized lactose operator, DT40 PolyLacO-lambdaR, showed that RAD51D and XRCC2 localize to the diversifying lambdaR gene. Lactose 149-156 RAD51 paralog D Gallus gallus 202-208 19863810-6 2009 Single-cell imaging of a DT40 derivative in which the rearranged and diversifying immunoglobulin lambdaR light chain gene is tagged with polymerized lactose operator, DT40 PolyLacO-lambdaR, showed that RAD51D and XRCC2 localize to the diversifying lambdaR gene. Lactose 149-156 X-ray repair cross complementing 2 Gallus gallus 213-218 19947546-1 2009 Plasmids pKS5 and pKSrec30 carrying normal and mutant alleles of Deinococcus radiodurans recA gene controlled by the lactose promoter slightly increase radioresistance of Escherichia coli cells with mutations at genes recA and ssb. Lactose 117-124 single-stranded DNA-binding protein Escherichia coli 227-230 19755493-3 2009 We demonstrate here that exogenous Gal-3, but not Gal-1 or Gal-8, promotes cell scattering and formation of lamellipodia in human corneal epithelial cells in a beta-lactose-inhibitable manner. Lactose 160-172 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 35-40 19762790-4 2009 Milk lactose concentration was rather constant throughout the season. Lactose 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 19410003-6 2009 Lincomycin-induced rCTB expression was inhibited by mutating the lac promoter, suggesting that lincomycin affects the lactose operon. Lactose 118-125 phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline Rattus norvegicus 19-23 19748985-5 2009 By imaging of DT40 polymerized lactose operator-lambda(R) cells, in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged lambda(R) gene, we show that both the repair polymerase Poleta and the multifunctional factor MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 localize to lambda(R), and that lambda(R)/Poleta colocalizations occur predominately in G(1) phase, when they reflect repair of AID-initiated damage. Lactose 86-93 RAD50 double strand break repair protein Gallus gallus 223-228 19748985-5 2009 By imaging of DT40 polymerized lactose operator-lambda(R) cells, in which polymerized lactose operator tags the rearranged lambda(R) gene, we show that both the repair polymerase Poleta and the multifunctional factor MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 localize to lambda(R), and that lambda(R)/Poleta colocalizations occur predominately in G(1) phase, when they reflect repair of AID-initiated damage. Lactose 86-93 nibrin Gallus gallus 229-233 19796383-5 2009 However, the effects of lactose-free products on insulin and glucose metabolism have not been studied. Lactose 24-31 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 19541770-3 2009 The Davanat binding domain covers a relatively large area on the surface of gal-1 that runs across the dimer interface primarily on that side of the protein opposite to the lactose binding site. Lactose 173-180 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 19805348-1 2009 Lactose repressor protein (LacI) controls transcription of the genes involved in lactose metabolism in bacteria. Lactose 81-88 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 0-25 19805348-1 2009 Lactose repressor protein (LacI) controls transcription of the genes involved in lactose metabolism in bacteria. Lactose 81-88 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 27-31 19635795-4 2009 Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose. Lactose 179-186 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 19635795-4 2009 Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose. Lactose 179-186 sialophorin Homo sapiens 30-34 19635795-4 2009 Galectin-1 binding to surface CD43 and CD45 on MDDCs induced an unusual unipolar co-clustering of these receptors and activates a dose-dependent calcium flux that is abrogated by lactose. Lactose 179-186 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 39-43 19541770-4 2009 Our data show that gal-1 binds Davanat with an apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) of 10 x 10(-6) M, compared to 260 x 10(-6) M for lactose, and a stiochiometry of about 3 to 6 gal-1 molecules per Davanat molecule. Lactose 146-153 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 19541770-6 2009 We also found that the beta-galactoside binding domain remains accessible in the gal-1/Davanat complex, as lactose can still bind with no apparent loss in affinity. Lactose 107-114 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 19641853-0 2009 Conformational entropy changes upon lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3. Lactose 36-43 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 94-104 19641853-3 2009 Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer. Lactose 50-57 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 108-118 19641853-3 2009 Here we have probed the conformational entropy of lactose binding to the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (Gal3), a protein that plays an important role in cell growth, cell differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in inflammation and cancer. Lactose 50-57 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 120-124 19641853-4 2009 We used (15)N spin relaxation experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to monitor the backbone amides and secondary amines of the tryptophan and arginine side chains in the ligand-free and lactose-bound states of Gal3. Lactose 195-202 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 219-223 19649774-0 2009 Introduction: alpha-lactalbumin, a multifunctional protein that specifies lactose synthesis in the Golgi. Lactose 74-81 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 14-31 19528601-13 2009 Overall, milk lactose yield (137, 141, 142, and 130 mmol/h for Ctrl, Glc, C3, and NEAAm, respectively) was not modified by the infusions, but was lower with NEAAm compared with Glc and C3. Lactose 14-21 CTRL Bos taurus 63-67 19541770-1 2009 Galectins are a sub-family of lectins, defined by their highly conserved beta-sandwich structures and ability to bind to beta-galactosides, like Gal beta1-4 Glc (lactose). Lactose 162-169 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 beta 2 pseudogene 2 Homo sapiens 149-156 19492862-5 2009 The results confirm the importance of the conserved tryptophan residue in the affinity of the ligand and gives further insights into the mode of interaction between lactose derivatives and human Galectin-1. Lactose 165-172 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 195-205 19657968-4 2009 In the present work, we identified a lactose-sensitive 14-kDa protein enriched in a microvillar detergent resistant fraction as galectin-2. Lactose 37-44 galectin 2 Sus scrofa 128-138 19657968-6 2009 Galectin-2 was released more effectively from the membrane by lactose than was galectin-4, and surprisingly, it was also released by the noncanonical disaccharides sucrose and maltose. Lactose 62-69 galectin 2 Sus scrofa 0-10 19938476-0 2009 [Expression of heterogenous pyruvate carboxylase in Escherichia coli with lactose as inducer and its effect on succinate production]. Lactose 74-81 pyruvate carboxylase Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 28-48 19938476-3 2009 We used lactose as a substitute of IPTG to induce pyc. Lactose 8-15 pyruvate carboxylase Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 50-53 19938476-6 2009 The results showed that pyc can be expressed under lactose induction in the fermentative medium with 15 g/L glucose due to the deficient of ptsG in DC1515. Lactose 51-58 pyruvate carboxylase Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 24-27 19520056-0 2009 Radiation-induced tetramer-to-dimer transition of Escherichia coli lactose repressor. Lactose 67-74 repressor Escherichia coli 75-84 19520056-1 2009 The wild type lactose repressor of Escherichia coli is a tetrameric protein formed by two identical dimers. Lactose 14-21 repressor Escherichia coli 22-31 19556244-5 2009 Abrogation of the mucin-galectin interaction in four different mucosal epithelial cell types using competitive carbohydrate inhibitors of galectin binding, beta-lactose and modified citrus pectin, resulted in decreased levels of galectin-3 on the cell surface with concomitant loss of barrier function, as indicated by increased permeability to rose bengal diagnostic dye. Lactose 156-168 LOC100508689 Homo sapiens 18-23 19603745-5 2009 This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand. Lactose 350-357 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 42-52 19603745-5 2009 This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand. Lactose 350-357 LSM2 homolog, U6 small nuclear RNA and mRNA degradation associated Homo sapiens 54-59 19603745-5 2009 This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand. Lactose 350-357 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 129-139 19603745-5 2009 This cosedimentation represents bona fide galectin-3--snRNP complexes as (i) immunoprecipitation of gradient fractions with anti-galectin-3 yielded several complexes with varying ratios of snRNAs and associated proteins and (ii) the distribution of galectin-3--snRNP complexes was altered when the glycerol gradient was sedimented in the presence of lactose, a galectin ligand. Lactose 350-357 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 129-139 22444837-8 2009 Total milk yield, peak yield and maximum secretion potential were all highly correlated with milk, lactose and water secretion rates but less so with fat and protein secretion rates. Lactose 99-106 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 6-10 19494023-4 2009 The serum concentration of GLP-2, but not GLP-1, markedly increased in rats administered milk protein compared with those given the lactose solution or the cream fraction from 60 to 120 min after administration. Lactose 132-139 mast cell protease 10 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 19432560-4 2009 We used 15N-1H-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) NMR experiments with 15N-enriched gal-1 to identify the GRG-binding region on gal-1 and found that this region covers a large surface area on gal-1 that includes the quintessential lactose-binding site and runs from that site through a broad valley or cleft towards the dimer interface. Lactose 242-249 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 139-144 19432560-4 2009 We used 15N-1H-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) NMR experiments with 15N-enriched gal-1 to identify the GRG-binding region on gal-1 and found that this region covers a large surface area on gal-1 that includes the quintessential lactose-binding site and runs from that site through a broad valley or cleft towards the dimer interface. Lactose 242-249 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 139-144 19432560-5 2009 HSQC and pulsed-field-gradient NMR diffusion experiments also show that gal-1 binds GRG with a gal-1:GRG stoichiometry of about 5:1 (or 6:1) and with average macroscopic and microscopic equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) of 8 x 10(-6) M and 40 x 10(-6) M (or 48 x 10(-6) M) respectively, indicating stronger binding than to lactose (Kd=520 x 10(-6) M). Lactose 329-336 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 19429273-6 2009 The retained biological activity of lysozyme increased with increased lactose concentration in the formulation, and approximately 99% biological activity was retained when 20% (w/w) lactose was used. Lactose 70-77 lysozyme Homo sapiens 36-44 19629189-1 2009 BACKGROUND: The lactase enzyme allows lactose digestion in fresh milk. Lactose 38-45 lactase Homo sapiens 16-23 19429273-6 2009 The retained biological activity of lysozyme increased with increased lactose concentration in the formulation, and approximately 99% biological activity was retained when 20% (w/w) lactose was used. Lactose 182-189 lysozyme Homo sapiens 36-44 18704543-3 2009 INTRODUCTION: The CC genotype of the 13910 C/T polymorphism of the LCT gene is linked to lactose intolerance and low calcium intake. Lactose 89-96 lactase Homo sapiens 67-70 18949555-5 2009 Moreover, adhesion and galectin-3 binding to cells were specifically inhibited with lactose. Lactose 84-91 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 23-33 19225046-7 2009 Inhibited receptor internalization caused by the expression of GnT-Va siRNA appeared to be independent of galectin binding since decreased EGFR internalization in the knockdown cells was not affected by the treatment of the cells with lactose, a galectin inhibitor. Lactose 235-242 alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Homo sapiens 63-69 19281626-6 2009 High SCC samples had lower lactose and casein contents, lower casein number and more proteolysis than low SCC samples. Lactose 27-34 SCC Bos taurus 5-8 18694425-11 2009 alpha-Lactalbumin concentrations were positively correlated with milk protein concentration, milk fat concentration and lactose concentration. Lactose 120-127 lactalbumin alpha Bos taurus 0-17 19128029-0 2009 Critical role of the solvent environment in galectin-1 binding to the disaccharide lactose. Lactose 83-90 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 44-54 18704543-1 2009 SUMMARY: LCT 13910 CC genotype is associated with lactose intolerance, a condition often resulting in reduced milk intake. Lactose 50-57 lactase Homo sapiens 9-12 19089660-4 2009 The recombinant LTB (rLTB) was efficiently expressed under the induction of 10 g/l lactose at 37 degrees C for 6 h and yielded up to 31% of the total bacterial protein. Lactose 83-90 lymphotoxin beta Rattus norvegicus 16-19 19164680-7 2009 Supplementary B-vitamins increased milk production from 34.7 to 38.9 +/- 1.0 kg/d and increased milk lactose, protein, and total solids yields. Lactose 101-108 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 96-100 19164680-8 2009 Whole-body glucose flux tended to increase with vitamin supplementation with a similar quantitative magnitude as the milk lactose yield increase. Lactose 122-129 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 117-121 19089660-4 2009 The recombinant LTB (rLTB) was efficiently expressed under the induction of 10 g/l lactose at 37 degrees C for 6 h and yielded up to 31% of the total bacterial protein. Lactose 83-90 lymphotoxin beta Rattus norvegicus 21-25 19388523-2 2009 Lactose intolerance is a result of lactase deficiency or lack of lactase and lactose malabsorption. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 35-42 18957377-7 2009 These findings are discussed in relation to the functional role that arginine282 may play in the way PepT1 operates, together with structural information from the homology model of PepT1 based on the Escherichia coli lactose permease crystal structure. Lactose 217-224 solute carrier family 15 member 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 101-106 18957377-7 2009 These findings are discussed in relation to the functional role that arginine282 may play in the way PepT1 operates, together with structural information from the homology model of PepT1 based on the Escherichia coli lactose permease crystal structure. Lactose 217-224 solute carrier family 15 member 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 181-186 19388523-6 2009 The diagnosis of lactose intolerance is based on the breath hydrogen test and analysis of lactase activity in the small intestine mucosa. Lactose 17-24 lactase Homo sapiens 90-97 22444169-7 2009 There was a significant lactose x seaweed extract interaction (P < 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG) during the experimental period (days 0 to 21). Lactose 24-31 ADG Sus scrofa 99-102 19098857-2 2009 METHODS: The quantitative expression of CD64 was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in patients with active or inactive inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, n=76), infectious enterocolitis, lactose and/or fructose intolerance, and healthy subjects. Lactose 210-217 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 40-44 19098857-3 2009 RESULTS: The quantitative expression of CD64 in patients with active IBD (3,398+/-3,589 molecules per PMN, n=27) was significantly higher than in healthy subjects (607+/-265, n=28, P<0.001) or in patients with lactose/fructose intolerance (531+/-150, n=32, P<0.001). Lactose 213-220 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 40-44 19098857-5 2009 With a cutoff point of 800, CD64 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 93% in discriminating between lactose/fructose intolerance and active IBD. Lactose 109-116 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 28-32 18985467-6 2009 Native alpha-lactalbumin functions as a substrate specifier in lactose synthesis, but when partially unfolded the protein binds oleic acid and forms the tumoricidal HAMLET complex. Lactose 63-70 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 7-24 22444169-8 2009 At the low and medium levels of lactose, there was an increase in ADG as the level of seaweed extract increased to 2 g/kg (P < 0.05). Lactose 32-39 ADG Sus scrofa 66-69 18849325-6 2009 The enhanced uptake relied on the presence of galectin-3 during the cellular interaction and was paralleled by lectin binding to apoptotic cells as well as MDM in a lactose-dependent manner. Lactose 165-172 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 46-56 18698649-3 2009 In the process studied, the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) oxidizes lactose at the C-1 position of the reducing sugar moiety to lactobionolactone, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to lactobionic acid. Lactose 75-82 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-59 18698649-3 2009 In the process studied, the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) oxidizes lactose at the C-1 position of the reducing sugar moiety to lactobionolactone, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to lactobionic acid. Lactose 75-82 choline dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-64 19459443-6 2009 As far as milk composition is concerned, an increased SCC level was connected with raise in a total crude protein content and a distinct reduction in lactose level (P < or = 0.01) as well as with a small (P < or = 0.05) increase in fat and casein content, and elevation in protein to fat ratio. Lactose 150-157 SCC Bos taurus 54-57 19459443-8 2009 The significant relationship (breed x SCC) for the protein, casein and lactose content, protein to fat ratio as well as rennet milk coagulation time has been revealed. Lactose 71-78 SCC Bos taurus 38-41 19038951-12 2008 Milk lactose was greater only for CS60, but milk lactose yield was greater for CS50 and CS60 than for ALF. Lactose 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 19960866-2 2009 All mammals, apart from white Northern Europeans and few tribes in Africa and Asia, lose most of their lactase, the enzyme that cleaves lactose into galactose and glucose, after weaning. Lactose 136-143 lactase Homo sapiens 103-110 19960866-4 2009 The molecular basis of inherited hypolactasia has yet to be identified, though two polymorphisms in the introns of a helicase upstream from the lactase gene correlate closely with hypolactasia, and thus lactose intolerance. Lactose 203-210 lactase Homo sapiens 144-151 19038951-12 2008 Milk lactose was greater only for CS60, but milk lactose yield was greater for CS50 and CS60 than for ALF. Lactose 49-56 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 44-48 18828671-2 2008 We directly examined in vitro loop formation mediated by Escherichia coli lactose repressor using single-molecule structural and kinetics methods. Lactose 74-81 repressor Escherichia coli 82-91 18725453-5 2008 The effect was inhibited by the competitor lactose and required the affinity of galectin-3 for N-acetyllactosamine, a saccharide typically found on cell surface glycoproteins. Lactose 43-50 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 80-90 19149159-9 2008 Pro-Q Diamond staining analysis revealed that lactose trigger Tal phosphorylation at 43 T /47 S, and inhibited Pyk phosphorylation at 65 S. These proteins were identified for the first time as bifidobacterial phosphoproteins. Lactose 46-53 transaldolase 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 19149159-9 2008 Pro-Q Diamond staining analysis revealed that lactose trigger Tal phosphorylation at 43 T /47 S, and inhibited Pyk phosphorylation at 65 S. These proteins were identified for the first time as bifidobacterial phosphoproteins. Lactose 46-53 phosphorylase kinase regulatory subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 18831752-9 2008 Bovine low-fat fluid milk is a safe and effective post exercise beverage for most individuals, except for those who are lactose intolerant. Lactose 120-127 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 21-25 18662664-3 2008 Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect. Lactose 0-7 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 18662664-3 2008 Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect. Lactose 0-7 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 68-72 18662664-3 2008 Lactose and other saccharide ligands of the galectins inhibited GST-Gal3 pull-down of TFII-I while non-binding carbohydrates failed to yield the same effect. Lactose 0-7 general transcription factor IIi Homo sapiens 86-92 18822024-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Lactose, beta-galactose-1,4-glucose, is hydrolysed by the enzyme lactase. Lactose 12-19 lactase Homo sapiens 77-84 19145933-2 2008 Lactose intolerance is a result of lactase deficiency or lack of lactase and lactose malabsorption. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 35-42 18597104-7 2008 Labeled galectin-3 revealed lactose-inhibitable binding to granulosa cells. Lactose 28-35 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 8-18 18450743-6 2008 Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody. Lactose 330-337 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 148-158 18684969-7 2008 In contrast, blocking galectin-3 binding sites by using a neutralizing Ab or its ligand, beta-lactose, enhanced LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by wild-type macrophages. Lactose 89-101 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 22-32 18450743-6 2008 Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody. Lactose 330-337 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 22-32 18450743-6 2008 Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody. Lactose 330-337 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 148-158 18607104-0 2008 Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of mouse galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain in complex with lactose. Lactose 138-145 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4 Mus musculus 68-78 18607104-2 2008 With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands). Lactose 191-198 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4 Mus musculus 58-68 18607104-2 2008 With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands). Lactose 191-198 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4 Mus musculus 70-76 18607104-2 2008 With the aim of elucidating the structural basis of mouse galectin-4 (mGal-4) binding specificity, we have undertaken X-ray analysis of the N-terminal domain, CRD1, of mGal-4 in complex with lactose (the basic building block of known galectin-4 carbohydrate ligands). Lactose 191-198 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 4 Mus musculus 168-174 18837381-2 2008 Commercial GOS are synthesized from lactose using the transglycosylation activity of beta-galactosidase from microorganisms. Lactose 36-43 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 85-103 18374527-8 2008 The physical characterization results indicated that even though anhydrous lactose undergoes complete form conversion to monohydrate form under high humidity and/or during wet granulation, it retains its inherent higher as received material compactibility and the BET surface area and porosity of the form converted material are higher than that of the as received anhydrous lactose. Lactose 75-82 delta/notch like EGF repeat containing Homo sapiens 264-267 18548211-8 2008 Lactose intolerance is attributed to low intestinal lactase levels, due to reduced genetic expression or mucosal injury and consequent intolerance to dairy products. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 52-59 18487657-10 2008 Milk yield and milksolids (fat + protein) were overpredicted by approximately 30% even though both annual and monthly pasture and supplement intake were predicted with acceptable accuracy, suggesting that the metabolic conversion of feed to fat, protein, and lactose in the mammary gland needs to be refined. Lactose 259-266 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 18302939-5 2008 Galectin-3-induced apoptosis was completely prevented by lactose, neutralizing antibody to RAGE, and the caspase-3 inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk. Lactose 57-64 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 0-10 18509838-9 2008 Alternate and cone versions of calix[4]arene with lactose units distinguished between galectins-1 and -4 versus galectin-3 in cell assays. Lactose 50-57 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 86-104 18509838-9 2008 Alternate and cone versions of calix[4]arene with lactose units distinguished between galectins-1 and -4 versus galectin-3 in cell assays. Lactose 50-57 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 112-122 18336593-14 2008 In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation. Lactose 25-32 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 89-94 18336593-14 2008 In co-incubation studies lactose reduced significantly the CLPF-stimulatory potential of gal-3, indicating that the C-terminal domain of gal-3 is responsible for CLPF activation. Lactose 25-32 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 137-142 18393823-10 2008 The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA), which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation. Lactose 215-222 beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 18393823-10 2008 The conformational change in beta4Gal-T1 also creates the binding site for a mammary gland-specific protein, alpha-lactalbumin (LA), which changes the acceptor specificity of the enzyme toward glucose to synthesize lactose during lactation. Lactose 215-222 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 109-126 18575444-6 2008 In vivo, the injection of GDF-5 (100 microg) or OP-1(100 microg in 10 microL 5% lactose) resulted in a restoration of disc height, improvement of magnetic resonance imaging scores, and histologic grading scores had statistical significance. Lactose 80-87 growth differentiation factor 5 Homo sapiens 26-31 18575444-6 2008 In vivo, the injection of GDF-5 (100 microg) or OP-1(100 microg in 10 microL 5% lactose) resulted in a restoration of disc height, improvement of magnetic resonance imaging scores, and histologic grading scores had statistical significance. Lactose 80-87 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Homo sapiens 48-52 18302939-7 2008 Moreover, galectin-3 but not galectin-1 induced the release of superoxide, which was blocked by lactose, anti-RAGE, and dithiothreitol. Lactose 96-103 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 10-20 17420110-0 2008 Separation of protein and lactose intake over meals dissociates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and reduces postprandial insulin responses in heavy veal calves. Lactose 26-33 insulin Bos taurus 89-96 18460740-2 2008 In order to better understand this protein, galectin-3 from papillary thyroid carcinoma was partially purified by affinity chromatography on lactose-agarose. Lactose 141-148 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 44-54 18191867-4 2008 Double-quantum filtered correlation spectroscopy (DQF-COSY) was applied to identify DP-1 as beta-N-lactosylamlodipine by suppressing the residual water signal without affecting the sample signal and by measuring the coupling constant of the lactose anomeric proton. Lactose 241-248 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 84-88 17420110-0 2008 Separation of protein and lactose intake over meals dissociates postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations and reduces postprandial insulin responses in heavy veal calves. Lactose 26-33 insulin Bos taurus 137-144 17420110-14 2008 In conclusion, separation of protein and lactose intake over meals inhibited insulin responses to a lactose-rich meal in heavy veal calves despite high plasma glucose concentrations. Lactose 41-48 insulin Bos taurus 77-84 17420110-14 2008 In conclusion, separation of protein and lactose intake over meals inhibited insulin responses to a lactose-rich meal in heavy veal calves despite high plasma glucose concentrations. Lactose 100-107 insulin Bos taurus 77-84 17956597-6 2008 RESULTS: Lactose is found only in mammalian milk and is hydrolysed by lactase in the small intestine. Lactose 9-16 lactase Homo sapiens 70-77 17956597-8 2008 "Wild-type" is characterized by lactase nonpersistence, often leading to lactose intolerance. Lactose 73-80 lactase Homo sapiens 32-39 18005988-4 2008 Here we report the crystal structures of the human galectin-9 N-terminal CRD (NCRD) in the presence of lactose and Forssman pentasaccharide. Lactose 103-110 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 51-61 18607792-1 2008 The alpha-lactalbumin is a subunit of lactose-synthase, an enzyme responsible for lactose production, a disaccharide that influences milk production. Lactose 38-45 lactalbumin alpha Bos taurus 4-21 18034639-0 2008 Simultaneous genotyping of the three lactose tolerance-linked polymorphisms LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G with Pyrosequencing technology. Lactose 37-44 lactase Homo sapiens 76-79 18034639-1 2008 BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run. Lactose 177-184 lactase Homo sapiens 196-199 18034639-1 2008 BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run. Lactose 177-184 lactase Homo sapiens 214-217 18034639-1 2008 BACKGROUND: We required a new genotyping method for the diagnosis of adult hypolactasia, which would allow the simultaneous genotyping of three known polymorphic loci linked to lactose tolerance (LCT -13907C>G, LCT -13910C>T and LCT -13915T>G) in a single PCR/pyrosequencing test run. Lactose 177-184 lactase Homo sapiens 214-217 18444163-2 2008 The control of lactose digestion phenotypically divides populations into those who can [lactase persistent (LP)] and those who cannot [lactase nonpersistent (LNP)] assimilate lactose. Lactose 15-22 lactase Homo sapiens 88-95 18444163-2 2008 The control of lactose digestion phenotypically divides populations into those who can [lactase persistent (LP)] and those who cannot [lactase nonpersistent (LNP)] assimilate lactose. Lactose 15-22 lactase Homo sapiens 135-142 18338574-2 2008 Commercial GOS containing galactose as subunit, are synthesized from lactose using the galactosyl-transferase activity of beta-galactosidase. Lactose 28-35 AL522_RS06750 Pantoea agglomerans 122-140 18206415-3 2008 We showed that elastokines such as (VGVAPG)(3) peptide and kappa elastin induced nitric oxide (NO) production in a time-, concentration- and receptor-dependent manner as it could be abolished by lactose and a receptor-derived competitive peptide. Lactose 195-202 elastin Homo sapiens 65-72 18043507-1 2008 Lactogenic hormones cause intracellular targeting of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) for transport of glucose to the site of lactose synthesis in mammary glands. Lactose 123-130 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 53-74 18043507-1 2008 Lactogenic hormones cause intracellular targeting of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) for transport of glucose to the site of lactose synthesis in mammary glands. Lactose 123-130 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 76-81 18043507-8 2008 This machinery offers another level of regulation of lactose synthesis by altering GLUT1 targeting within minutes to hours. Lactose 53-60 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1 Mus musculus 83-88 17893094-7 2007 All of these effects were prevented by the addition of thiodigalactoside (TDG) or lactose, thus indicating that the proapoptotic activity of galectin-8 was due to the specific interaction of its CRDs with defined cell surface glycans. Lactose 82-89 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 8 Mus musculus 141-151 17920528-4 2007 The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of BS and lactose-BS (L-BS) on the pathophysiological process in ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice. Lactose 74-81 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 129-138 18025226-5 2007 Inhibition studies with specific mAbs as well as lactose demonstrated that: 1) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 mediates rolling and adhesion on VCAM-1; 2) alpha(4) integrin mediates eosinophil rolling on immobilized Gal-3; and 3) eosinophil-expressed Gal-3 interacts with immobilized Gal-3 through the carbohydrate recognition domain of Gal-3 during eosinophil trafficking. Lactose 49-56 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 100-105 18185074-0 2007 Lactose and lactase--who is lactose intolerant and why? Lactose 28-35 lactase Homo sapiens 12-19 17706627-0 2007 Lactase persistence/non-persistence variants, C/T_13910 and G/A_22018, as a diagnostic tool for lactose intolerance in IBS patients. Lactose 96-103 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 18070751-6 2007 Interestingly, the level of serum 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the Fat+Lac group on Day 84 was reduced by 74% compared with the Fat group (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups. Lactose 78-81 FAT atypical cadherin 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-77 17934640-0 2007 Correlation between lactose absorption and the C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 mutations of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene in adult-type hypolactasia. Lactose 20-27 lactase Homo sapiens 88-115 17934640-0 2007 Correlation between lactose absorption and the C/T-13910 and G/A-22018 mutations of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) gene in adult-type hypolactasia. Lactose 20-27 lactase Homo sapiens 117-120 17525829-5 2007 Also SRPP showed approximately 15 and 2 fold potent anti hemagglutination activity relative to that of galectin-3 specific sugars-galactose (MIC-27.1 microg ml(-1)) and lactose (MIC-4.16 microg ml(-1)) respectively. Lactose 132-139 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 103-113 18070751-6 2007 Interestingly, the level of serum 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) in the Fat+Lac group on Day 84 was reduced by 74% compared with the Fat group (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups. Lactose 262-265 FAT atypical cadherin 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-77 17311063-8 2007 RESULTS: We found that all 49 individuals with lactose malabsorption, demonstrated by a combination of different breath hydrogen tests and clinical assessment, carried the C/C-13910 genotype associated with lactase non-persistence, 23 individuals with lactose normal absorption carried the C/T-13910 genotype associated with lactase persistence and only one person with the above phenotype showed a discordant C/C-13910 genotype. Lactose 47-54 lactase Homo sapiens 207-214 17506819-1 2007 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62) is a brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzyme in intestinal cells that hydrolyse lactose, the most important sugar in milk. Lactose 136-143 lactase Homo sapiens 0-27 17537433-9 2007 The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1. Lactose 60-67 lipoprotein(a) Homo sapiens 9-14 17537433-9 2007 The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1. Lactose 60-67 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 44-54 17537433-9 2007 The poor Lp(a)-binding on inhibiting tissue galectin-1 with lactose, suggested the binding of Lp(a) to galectin-1. Lactose 60-67 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 103-113 17692094-1 2007 Type A neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum was purified by a simple procedure using a lactose gel column. Lactose 86-93 neurotoxin Clostridium botulinum 7-17 17880262-5 2007 We directly demonstrated the importance of chromatin structure for gene conversion, using a regulatable experimental system in which the heterochromatin protein HP1 (Drosophila melanogaster Su[var]205), expressed as a fusion to Escherichia coli lactose repressor, is tethered to polymerized lactose operators integrated within the pseudo-Vlambda donor array. Lactose 245-252 Heterochromatin Protein 1c Drosophila melanogaster 161-164 17880262-5 2007 We directly demonstrated the importance of chromatin structure for gene conversion, using a regulatable experimental system in which the heterochromatin protein HP1 (Drosophila melanogaster Su[var]205), expressed as a fusion to Escherichia coli lactose repressor, is tethered to polymerized lactose operators integrated within the pseudo-Vlambda donor array. Lactose 291-298 Heterochromatin Protein 1c Drosophila melanogaster 161-164 17715970-3 2007 The temporal evolution of the TR3 spectra also indicates that recombination of these two radical species occurs with a time constant of about 1170 ns to produce a LAT (light absorbing transient) intermediate that is identified as the 2-[4-(hydroxylphenylmethylene)cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl]propan-2-ol (p-LAT) species. Lactose 163-166 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 17506819-1 2007 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH, EC 3.2.1.23-62) is a brush border membrane (BBM)-associated enzyme in intestinal cells that hydrolyse lactose, the most important sugar in milk. Lactose 136-143 lactase Homo sapiens 29-32 17546711-2 2007 The PEGylated polyplexes thus prepared had a size of approximately 110 nm with clustered lactose moieties on their periphery as targeting ligands for the asialoglycoprotein-receptor-expressing HuH-7 cells. Lactose 89-96 MIR7-3 host gene Homo sapiens 193-198 17651714-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence. Lactose 49-56 lactase Homo sapiens 186-193 17651714-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence. Lactose 49-56 lactase Homo sapiens 200-203 17651714-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Patients presenting with symptoms of lactose intolerance are in some centres routinely tested for a single-nucleotide polymorphism C-13910T, which is located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) and is tightly associated with genetically determined lactase persistence/non-persistence. Lactose 49-56 lactase Homo sapiens 259-266 17574225-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (-13910 C/T and -22018 G/A) upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) have been found to be associated with lactose tolerance in Europeans. Lactose 149-156 lactase Homo sapiens 92-99 17574225-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (-13910 C/T and -22018 G/A) upstream of the lactase gene (LCT) have been found to be associated with lactose tolerance in Europeans. Lactose 149-156 lactase Homo sapiens 106-109 17574225-3 2007 RESULTS: The coincidence between a genotype suggesting lactase non-persistence (lactose intolerance) and a positive HBT result was almost perfect (97.4% for LCT-13910 C/T and 100% for LCT-22018 G/A). Lactose 80-87 lactase Homo sapiens 55-62 17574225-4 2007 Between a genotype indicating lactase persistence (lactose tolerance) and a negative HBT result the coincidence was lower (72% and 71.4%, respectively). Lactose 51-58 lactase Homo sapiens 30-37 17574225-7 2007 CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of LCT-13910 C/T and LCT-22018 G/A is a good indicator for the presence of lactose intolerance. Lactose 104-111 lactase Homo sapiens 32-35 17574225-7 2007 CONCLUSION: Genetic analysis of LCT-13910 C/T and LCT-22018 G/A is a good indicator for the presence of lactose intolerance. Lactose 104-111 lactase Homo sapiens 50-53 17478481-2 2007 Lactase nonpersistence may determine a primary lactose intolerance with reduced diary product consumption, which is possibly related to an increased risk of colon cancer. Lactose 47-54 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 53-60 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 10-16 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 53-60 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 137-143 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 177-184 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 10-16 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 177-184 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 137-143 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 177-184 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 10-16 17459724-3 2007 Moreover, rBglAp was able to hydrolyze both ONPG and lactose with K(m) values of 2.7 and 42.1mM, respectively, at 10 degrees C. One U of rBglAp could hydrolyze about 70% of the lactose in 1 ml of milk in 24h, and the enzyme produced trisaccharide from lactose. Lactose 177-184 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Rattus norvegicus 137-143 17635782-11 2007 It was concluded that deviations in lactose content within front and rear quarters, respectively, may be a useful tool for detection of moderately increased SCC in separate udder quarters. Lactose 36-43 SCC Bos taurus 157-160 17507622-4 2007 Digestion of lactose is dependent on lactase activity in the intestinal wall. Lactose 13-20 lactase Homo sapiens 37-44 18320098-6 2007 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rational basis for the use of lactulose was established by a comparison of the kinetics of lactulose and lactose on intestinal lactase. Lactose 130-137 lactase Homo sapiens 152-159 18320098-9 2007 RESULTS: The kinetics data showed that lactase is 240 times less efficient in presence of lactulose than it is in presence of lactose. Lactose 126-133 lactase Homo sapiens 39-46 17452322-3 2007 Here, we investigated the cellular function of the single galactokinase GAL1 in the multicellular ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (=Trichoderma reesei) in the induction of the gal genes and of the galactokinase-dependent induction of the cellulase genes by lactose (1,4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose). Lactose 254-261 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-71 17452322-3 2007 Here, we investigated the cellular function of the single galactokinase GAL1 in the multicellular ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (=Trichoderma reesei) in the induction of the gal genes and of the galactokinase-dependent induction of the cellulase genes by lactose (1,4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose). Lactose 254-261 galactokinase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 72-76 17451431-5 2007 Furthermore, cell fusion was reduced (specifically) by the disaccharide lactose, a known ligand for the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin 3, suggesting that the association was functional. Lactose 72-79 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 139-149 17507622-9 2007 A statistically significantly higher (P < 0.01) lactose intake was observed among subjects with high lactase activity (C/T and T/T genotypes) compared with those with low lactase activity (C/C genotype). Lactose 51-58 lactase Homo sapiens 104-111 17473523-6 2007 By spray-coating the insulin-loaded lactose particles with the acrylic terpolymers, microcapsules showing a pH-independent delayed-release profile can be obtained. Lactose 36-43 insulin Canis lupus familiaris 21-28 17291389-4 2007 The study revealed that the pH value and the lactose content of the milk were affected by high SCC and that the coagulation properties were dependent on the somatic cell content. Lactose 45-52 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 95-98 17373821-8 2007 Molecular modeling shows favorable interactions of 3- and 12-lactose-purpurinimide analogues with both galectin-1 and galectin-3, but clear contributions were not found for the conjugate containing lactose moiety at position 8. Lactose 61-68 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 103-113 17373821-8 2007 Molecular modeling shows favorable interactions of 3- and 12-lactose-purpurinimide analogues with both galectin-1 and galectin-3, but clear contributions were not found for the conjugate containing lactose moiety at position 8. Lactose 61-68 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 118-128 17327233-3 2007 As lactose blocked this effect, the elastin receptor sialidase subunit, Neu-1, seemed to be involved. Lactose 3-10 elastin Homo sapiens 36-43 17327233-3 2007 As lactose blocked this effect, the elastin receptor sialidase subunit, Neu-1, seemed to be involved. Lactose 3-10 neuraminidase 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 17385862-6 2007 The approach is validated through the observation of bound-state RDCs for the disaccharide, lactose, bound to the carbohydrate recognition domain of the mammalian lectin, galectin-3. Lactose 92-99 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 171-181 17120047-0 2007 A novel polymorphism associated with lactose tolerance in Africa: multiple causes for lactase persistence? Lactose 37-44 lactase Homo sapiens 86-93 17394124-0 2007 Induction of macrophage migration through lactose-insensitive receptor by elastin-derived nonapeptides and their analog. Lactose 42-49 elastin Homo sapiens 74-81 17394124-9 2007 Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose. Lactose 98-105 EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase Homo sapiens 259-282 17394124-9 2007 Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose. Lactose 98-105 EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase Homo sapiens 284-287 17394124-9 2007 Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose. Lactose 98-105 EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase Homo sapiens 259-282 17394124-9 2007 Results of the deactivation tests and the effect of lactose on macrophage migration showed that a lactose-insensitive receptor which mainly recognizes Ala-Gly-Val-Pro-Gly-Ile-Gly-Val-Gly is presumably present on the membrane of macrophages in addition to the elastin-binding protein (EBP) sensitive to lactose. Lactose 98-105 EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase Homo sapiens 284-287 17394124-10 2007 These results suggest that Leu, Phe and Ile residues at the sixth position of elastin-derived nonapeptides are crucial for inducing macrophage migration and in particular, Ile residue is important for the recognition by receptor insensitive to lactose. Lactose 244-251 elastin Homo sapiens 78-85 17357984-2 2007 After a lactosylation period of 4 days in aqueous solution, at 65 degrees C and pH 6.8 in a protein: lactose ratio of 1000 the proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed by the three milk relevant proteases plasmin, cathepsin D, and chymosin. Lactose 101-108 plasminogen Homo sapiens 203-210 17360422-1 2007 Lactase persistence (LP), the dominant Mendelian trait conferring the ability to digest the milk sugar lactose in adults, has risen to high frequency in central and northern Europeans in the last 20,000 years. Lactose 103-110 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 17327679-0 2007 Slow diffusion of lactose out of galectin-3 crystals monitored by X-ray crystallography: possible implications for ligand-exchange protocols. Lactose 18-25 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 33-43 17327679-4 2007 Removal of cocrystallized lactose from the human galectin-3 carbohydrate-recognition domain was achieved via crystal soaking, but took weeks despite low affinity. Lactose 26-33 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 49-59 17495776-11 2007 In the chondroitinase ABC/recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 group, the disc height index showed a significant increase at 6 weeks (lactose vs. recombinant human osteogenic protein-1; P < 0.01); this recovery was sustained for up to 16 weeks. Lactose 136-143 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Homo sapiens 44-64 16860458-2 2007 Here, we examine sugars that bind the lactose repressor protein (LacI) and modify repressor affinity for operator DNA using isothermal titration calorimetry and equilibrium DNA binding experiments. Lactose 38-45 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 65-69 17224213-2 2007 It was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and the fusion protein (Hsp65-6 x P277) was expressed effectively as soluble protein after inducing by lactose. Lactose 155-162 heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin) Mus musculus 76-81 17197189-3 2007 The N-Troc-protected glucosamine glycosyl donor and 3"-O-unprotected lactose glycosyl acceptor were condensed in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate and methylsulfenyl bromide to provide corresponding trisaccharide with new beta-1-3 linkages in 92% yield. Lactose 69-76 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 237-245 17297934-6 2007 Cholera toxin (added as the B-subunit) (CTB) binds to the lactose derivative and induces aggregation of the nanoparticles. Lactose 58-65 phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline Homo sapiens 40-43 17297934-12 2007 The stability of the lactose-stabilized nanoparticles was established by freeze-drying and then resuspending the particles in water and subsequently measuring CTB in biologically relevant electrolyte solutions. Lactose 21-28 phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1B, choline Homo sapiens 159-162 17345962-3 2007 Rarely, some infants are born with an inability to digest lactase (congenital lactase deficiency or CLD) due to low levels of LPH activity, which results in severe clinical consequences if not properly diagnosed and treated by lactose avoidance. Lactose 227-234 lactase Homo sapiens 58-65 17345962-3 2007 Rarely, some infants are born with an inability to digest lactase (congenital lactase deficiency or CLD) due to low levels of LPH activity, which results in severe clinical consequences if not properly diagnosed and treated by lactose avoidance. Lactose 227-234 lactase Homo sapiens 126-129 17701488-0 2007 Lactose biosensor based on lactase and galactose oxidase immobilized in polyvinyl formal. Lactose 0-7 lactase Homo sapiens 27-34 17701488-1 2007 A lactose biosensor was developed by immobilizing lactase and galactose oxidase in a polyvinyl formal membrane and was attached to the oxygen electrode of a dissolved oxygen analyzer for estimation of lactose in milk and food products. Lactose 2-9 lactase Homo sapiens 50-57 17373452-4 2007 The principle of the method is the hydrolysis of lactose to D-glucose and D-galactose by beta-galactosidase, followed by the oxidation of beta-D-galactose by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in the presence of beta-galactose dehydrogenase. Lactose 49-56 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 89-107 17030689-4 2006 The chemotactic response was significantly diminished by pretreatment of macrophages with lactose or with the elastin-derived peptide VGVAPG and by pretreatment of samples with a monoclonal antibody directed against an EBP recognition sequence. Lactose 90-97 phenylalkylamine Ca2+ antagonist (emopamil) binding protein Mus musculus 219-222 17190185-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of lactose intolerance (LI) by cloning the mouse lactase cDNA and recombining a vector. Lactose 37-44 lactase Mus musculus 83-90 17190185-7 2006 CONCLUSION: BALB/c mouse LPH cDNA (GenBank accession No: AY751548) provides a necessary foundation for study of the biological function and regulatory mechanism of the lactose intolerance in mice. Lactose 168-175 lactase Mus musculus 25-28 17189612-4 2007 We report here that lactose and anti-galectin-3 antibodies completely abrogate homotypic aggregation induced by anti-CD13 antibodies. Lactose 20-27 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 117-121 16774908-0 2006 Novel carbohydrate-binding activity of bovine liver beta-glucuronidase toward lactose/N-acetyllactosamine sequences. Lactose 78-85 beta-glucuronidase Bos taurus 52-70 16774908-7 2006 Lactose was found to activate beta-glucuronidase noncompetitively, indicating that the lactose-binding site is different from the substrate-binding site. Lactose 0-7 beta-glucuronidase Bos taurus 30-48 16774908-7 2006 Lactose was found to activate beta-glucuronidase noncompetitively, indicating that the lactose-binding site is different from the substrate-binding site. Lactose 87-94 beta-glucuronidase Bos taurus 30-48 16774908-8 2006 Binding studies with biotinyl glycoproteins, lipids, and synthetic sugar probes revealed that beta-glucuronidase binds to N-acetyllactosamine/lactose-containing glycoconjugates at neutral pH. Lactose 142-149 beta-glucuronidase Bos taurus 94-112 16774908-9 2006 The results indicated the presence of N-acetyllactosamine/lactose-binding activity in BLG and provided an effective purification method utilizing the novel carbohydrate binding activity. Lactose 58-65 beta-lactoglobulin Bos taurus 86-89 16772565-9 2006 Lactose decreased with increasing SCC level but remained unchanged during milking. Lactose 0-7 SCC Bos taurus 34-37 16903671-3 2006 The glycosyl donor derived from galactose and the glycosyl acceptor derived from lactose were condensed in the presence of silver triflate as the best promoter to provide corresponding trisaccharide with newly formed alpha-1-4 linkages in 90% yield. Lactose 34-41 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 217-226 16840633-7 2006 A specific allele of the DGAT1 promoter VNTR showed significant effects on the traits lactose yield and content, milk energy content, and SCS compared with the other alleles. Lactose 86-93 diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 Bos taurus 25-30 21158085-11 2006 The 1 alpha hydroxylase gene was expressed at very higher levels in the vitamin D receptor mutant mice than in wild-type mice when animals received a high calcium intake; This was reduced by eliminating hypocalcaemia with the high lactose diet. Lactose 231-238 vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor Mus musculus 72-90 21158085-12 2006 Expression of the 24(OH)ase gene was extremely down-regulated in two mutant mice on the high calcium diet but was restored to wild-type levels on the high lactose diet. Lactose 155-162 cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 18-27 16818789-9 2006 Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3. Lactose 120-127 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 8-18 16818789-9 2006 Soluble Galectin-3 binds preferentially to PAEC vs human aortic endothelial cells, and this binding can be inhibited by lactose, indicating dependence on the carbohydrate recognition domain of Galectin-3. Lactose 120-127 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 193-203 16819165-3 2006 AnxA3 expression was significantly reduced in hepatocytes cultured under various growth inhibitory conditions such as presence of dexamethasone, culture at subconfluent cell density, and on EHS-Matrigel and lactose-carrying styrene polymer. Lactose 207-214 annexin A3 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16885123-2 2006 The deposition was studied by investigating the dispersion and deaggregation of insulin from the carrier lactose using an Andersen cascade impactor and twin stage impinger. Lactose 105-112 insulin Cavia porcellus 80-87 16885123-15 2006 Hence, it was concluded that the availability of insulin for systemic absorption depends on the particle size of the drug as well as the carrier lactose. Lactose 145-152 insulin Cavia porcellus 49-56 17133732-1 2006 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in the luminal surface of enterocytes in the intestine is responsible for lactose intolerance, a phenomenon prevalent in humans worldwide. Lactose 147-154 lactase Homo sapiens 0-27 17133732-1 2006 Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), a membrane-bound glycoprotein present in the luminal surface of enterocytes in the intestine is responsible for lactose intolerance, a phenomenon prevalent in humans worldwide. Lactose 147-154 lactase Homo sapiens 29-32 17133732-5 2006 The present review describes the recent developments in understanding the regulation of lactase expression and the possible mechanism of adult-type hypolactasia, as a cause of lactose intolerance. Lactose 176-183 lactase Homo sapiens 88-95 16968103-0 2006 Effect of protein, nonprotein-soluble components, and lactose concentrations on the irreversible thermal denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin in skim milk. Lactose 54-61 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 144-161 16968103-1 2006 The effect of protein, nonprotein-soluble components, and lactose concentrations on the irreversible denaturation of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) and alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA) in reconstituted skim milk samples was studied over a wide temperature range (75-100 degrees C). Lactose 58-65 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 169-177 16968103-4 2006 At all temperatures, the irreversible denaturations of beta-LG and alpha-LA were enhanced at a higher protein concentration and were retarded when the nonprotein-soluble components and lactose concentrations were increased. Lactose 185-192 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 67-75 16968103-5 2006 The effects of increasing the concentrations of lactose and nonprotein-soluble components were interpreted using the preferential hydration theory and allowed for the interpretation of the changes in the denaturations of beta-LG and alpha-LA when the milk total solids concentration was increased. Lactose 48-55 lactalbumin alpha Homo sapiens 233-241 16934214-0 2006 Effect of salt bridge on transcription activation of CRP-dependent lactose operon in Escherichia coli. Lactose 67-74 catabolite gene activator protein Escherichia coli 53-56 16769778-7 2006 Importantly, the presence of the disaccharide lactose prevented Gal-1 effects, suggesting the involvement of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Lactose 46-53 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1 Mus musculus 64-69 16951027-3 2006 Children with suspected lactose intolerance can be assessed clinically by dietary lactose elimination or by tests including noninvasive hydrogen breath testing or invasive intestinal biopsy determination of lactase (and other disaccharidase) concentrations. Lactose 24-31 lactase Homo sapiens 207-214 16518858-6 2006 As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3. Lactose 103-110 galectin 3 binding protein Homo sapiens 24-30 16518858-6 2006 As expected, binding of TAA90K to galectin-3 was dependent on carbohydrate since it was inhibitable by lactose and asiolofetuin, and a TAA90K-His glycoform purified from HT-29 cells treated with the glycosylation inhibitor 1-deoxymannojirimycin bound poorly to galectin-3. Lactose 103-110 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 34-44 16697988-0 2006 Synthesis of multivalent lactose derivatives by 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions: selective galectin-1 inhibition. Lactose 25-32 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 16697988-2 2006 Evaluation of the compounds as inhibitors against the tumour- and inflammation-related galectin-1, -3, -4N, -4C, -4, -7, -8N and -9N revealed a divalent compound with a Kd value as low as 3.2 microM for galectin-1, which corresponded to a relative potency of 30 per lactose unit as compared to the natural disaccharide ligand lactose. Lactose 266-273 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 87-97 16697988-2 2006 Evaluation of the compounds as inhibitors against the tumour- and inflammation-related galectin-1, -3, -4N, -4C, -4, -7, -8N and -9N revealed a divalent compound with a Kd value as low as 3.2 microM for galectin-1, which corresponded to a relative potency of 30 per lactose unit as compared to the natural disaccharide ligand lactose. Lactose 326-333 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 87-97 16751604-0 2006 Enhancement of bound-state residual dipolar couplings: conformational analysis of lactose bound to Galectin-3. Lactose 82-89 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 99-109 16600537-9 2006 Quantitatively, the addition of lactose yielded release rate constants 1.2-3.6 times greater than the value for lactose-free compacts in the case of benzoic acid and two- to five-fold in the case of insulin. Lactose 32-39 insulin Homo sapiens 199-206 16606733-9 2006 Milk lactose content was higher on diets A and C than on B. Ruminal NH3 was higher on diet D vs. B, but other ruminal metabolites, apparent nutrient digestibility, and estimated bacterial CP synthesis did not differ across diets. Lactose 5-12 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 0-4 16542374-2 2006 Bovine serum albumin was conjugated with lactose by redox to prepare lactosylated bovine serum albumin (LacBSA). Lactose 41-48 albumin Mus musculus 7-20 16470870-5 2006 Maximum GOS3 synthesis was reached at a water activity interval of 0.44-0.57, with lactose concentrations of 0.06%-0.1%, while GOS4 and GOS5 maxima were reached at water activity intervals of 0.47-0.57 and 0.49-0.60, respectively. Lactose 83-90 FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 8-12 16542374-2 2006 Bovine serum albumin was conjugated with lactose by redox to prepare lactosylated bovine serum albumin (LacBSA). Lactose 41-48 albumin Mus musculus 89-102 16517173-3 2006 In the lactating mammary gland, PRL increases the production of milk proteins, lactose and lipids. Lactose 79-86 prolactin Homo sapiens 32-35 16166344-8 2006 Our findings indicate that GLP-2 treatment during chronic TPN maintains intestinal structure and lactose digestive and hexose absorptive capacities, reduces intestinal hexose metabolism, and may facilitate the transition to enteral feeding in TPN-fed infants. Lactose 97-104 glucagon Homo sapiens 27-32 16582847-15 2006 MRI grading score showed significant differences between the OP-1 and lactose groups at the 8, 12, and 24-week times, suggesting an increase in water content in the nucleus pulposus of the OP-1 group. Lactose 70-77 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Homo sapiens 189-193 16174528-7 2006 We designed lactose or galactose moieties to attach to the end of the PEG chain that connects to the SPG side chain. Lactose 12-19 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 70-73 16384892-5 2006 Lactase activity was determined in extracts of small intestine mucosa with lactose, galactosylxyloses, and phlorizin as substrates. Lactose 75-82 lactase Rattus norvegicus 0-7 16452407-0 2006 Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression. Lactose 0-7 sugar porter family MFS transporter Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 67-71 16452407-0 2006 Lactose-over-glucose preference in Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705: glcP, encoding a glucose transporter, is subject to lactose repression. Lactose 119-126 sugar porter family MFS transporter Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 67-71 16452407-4 2006 A comparative analysis of global gene expression profiling using DNA arrays led to the identification of only one gene repressed by lactose, the putative glucose transporter gene glcP. Lactose 132-139 sugar porter family MFS transporter Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 179-183 16452407-7 2006 Primer extension and real-time PCR analyses confirmed that expression of glcP was mediated by lactose. Lactose 94-101 sugar porter family MFS transporter Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 73-77 16452407-8 2006 Hence, our data demonstrate that the presence of lactose in culture medium leads to the repression of glucose transport and transcriptional down-regulation of the glucose transporter gene glcP. Lactose 49-56 sugar porter family MFS transporter Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705 188-192 16391332-0 2006 Genotyping of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase -13910 polymorphism by LightCycler PCR and implications for the diagnosis of lactose intolerance. Lactose 123-130 lactase Homo sapiens 18-45 16166344-5 2006 Both ENT and GLP-2 pigs had larger intestine weights, longer villi, and higher lactose digestive capacity and in vivo net glucose and galactose absorption compared with TPN alone. Lactose 79-86 glucagon Homo sapiens 13-18 16166344-7 2006 The enhanced hexose absorption in GLP-2 compared with TPN pigs corresponded with higher lactose digestive and apical glucose transport capacities, increased abundance of SGLT-1, but not GLUT-2, and lower intestinal metabolism of [(13)C]glucose to [(13)C]lactate. Lactose 88-95 glucagon Homo sapiens 34-39 16636462-4 2006 Myricitrin was galactosylated by beta-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using lactose as a sugar donor. Lactose 82-89 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 33-51 16391332-3 2006 We developed a rapid genotyping assay for LPH C-->T(-13910) and investigated the relationship of positive lactose breath hydrogen test (LBHT) results suggesting lactose intolerance with LPH C-->T(-13910) genotype. Lactose 164-171 lactase Homo sapiens 189-192 16373956-1 2005 In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence. Lactose 106-113 lactase Homo sapiens 190-217 16384992-15 2006 beta-Lactose inhibited HGF-induced RPE cell migration to 23% of control. Lactose 0-12 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 23-26 16468641-0 2006 [Relief effect of beta-galactosidase genetically engineered lactococcus lactis on the cell toxicity caused by lactose]. Lactose 110-117 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 18-36 16468641-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: To assess the relief effect of beta-galactosidase genetically engineered Lactococcus lactis on the cell toxicity caused by lactose in vitro. Lactose 134-141 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 42-60 16468641-5 2006 CONCLUSION: The beta-galactosidase genetically engineered Lactococcus lactis has significant relief effect on the cell toxicity caused by lactose in vitro, which lays a foundation for food-grade alternation of this bacterium. Lactose 138-145 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 16-34 16301215-2 2005 Lactase non-persistence (adult-type hypolactasia and lactose intolerance) is characterized by a decline in the expression of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) after weaning. Lactose 53-60 lactase Homo sapiens 0-7 16373956-1 2005 In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence. Lactose 106-113 lactase Homo sapiens 190-197 16373956-1 2005 In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence. Lactose 134-141 lactase Homo sapiens 190-217 16373956-1 2005 In the United States, approximately three fourths of African-Americans have the potential for symptoms of lactose intolerance because lactose digestion depends on the presence of the enzyme lactase-phlorizin hydrolase which is reduced by up to 90-95% in individuals with lactase nonpersistence. Lactose 134-141 lactase Homo sapiens 190-197 16373956-6 2005 Research has shown that lactose maldigesters, including African-American maldigesters, can consume at least one cup (8 oz) of milk without experiencing symptoms, and that tolerance can be improved by consuming the milk with a meal, choosing yogurt or hard cheeses, or using products that aid in the digestion of lactose such as lactase supplements or lactose-reduced milks. Lactose 24-31 lactase Homo sapiens 328-335 16116184-5 2005 These effects of Gal-9 on immature DCs were not essentially dependent on its lectin properties, given that they were inhibited only slightly by lactose. Lactose 144-151 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 17-22 16335985-3 2005 As a test system, lactose derivatized ELP was used to selectively purify a galactose-specific binding lectin through simple temperature-triggered precipitation in a high level of efficiency. Lactose 18-25 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 15880573-3 2005 Galactose, the hydrolyzing product of the milk sugar lactose, has been hypothesized to be toxic to ovarian epithelial cells and consumption of dairy products and lactase persistence has been suggested to be a risk factor for ovarian carcinoma. Lactose 2-9 lactase Homo sapiens 162-169 16394641-4 2005 These effects of Gal-9 on immature DCs were not essentially dependent on its lectin properties, given that they were only slightly inhibited by lactose. Lactose 144-151 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 17-22 16160862-3 2005 The general procedure proposed has been particularized and applied to experimental results obtained with two enzymatic reactions carried out in a hollow-fibre reactor, enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose by beta-galactosidase and glucose-fructose isomerization by glucose isomerase. Lactose 192-199 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 203-221 16332343-2 2005 beta-Galactosidase is the bacterial enzyme which catalyzes the first step of lactose fermentation in the colon. Lactose 77-84 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 16202243-8 2005 Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wildtype KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells. Lactose 69-76 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 141-159 16202243-8 2005 Fermentable carbon sources, such as glucose (at low concentrations), lactose and sucrose, as a sole carbon source, enhanced the synthesis of beta-galactosidase from the GGTII-lacZ fusion gene in wildtype KP1 cells but not in Pap1-negative cells. Lactose 69-76 regenerating family member 3 alpha Homo sapiens 225-229 16085119-8 2005 These effects of KE are occurring through the stimulation of the 67 kDa elastin-laminin receptor (ELR), as demonstrated by the uncoupling effect of lactose. Lactose 148-155 elastin Homo sapiens 72-79 16101304-3 2005 Recently, targeted molecular dynamics simulation (TMD) was used to examine the conformational transition and predict relevant intermediates for wild-type lactose repressor (LacI). Lactose 154-161 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Homo sapiens 173-177 16051517-3 2005 High expression of plaA was observed in glucose-lactose medium by Northern blot analyses. Lactose 48-55 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 19-23 15703907-1 2005 A novel strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum NCIMB 41171, isolated from a faecal sample from a healthy human volunteer and able to express beta-galactosidase activity, was used in synthesis reactions for the production of galactooligosaccharide from lactose. Lactose 247-254 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 136-154 16353962-0 2005 The protective effect of lactose on lyophilization of CNK-20402. Lactose 25-32 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 16353962-9 2005 Testing formulations with different concentrations of lactose by water vapor sorption indicated that CNK-20402 concentrations as low as 10% (wt/wt) could inhibit the recrystallization of lactose. Lactose 54-61 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 16353962-9 2005 Testing formulations with different concentrations of lactose by water vapor sorption indicated that CNK-20402 concentrations as low as 10% (wt/wt) could inhibit the recrystallization of lactose. Lactose 187-194 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 16353962-11 2005 The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation. Lactose 28-35 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 16353962-11 2005 The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation. Lactose 136-143 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 16353962-11 2005 The protective mechanism of lactose on the CNK-20402, based on water vapor sorption studies, is believed to be a result of (1) the drug-lactose interaction, and (2) competition between lactose and drug for the residual water in the formulation. Lactose 136-143 connector enhancer of kinase suppressor of Ras 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 15769533-0 2005 The role of Galectin-1 in the interaction between chondrocytes and a lactose-modified chitosan. Lactose 69-76 galectin 1 Sus scrofa 12-22 15769533-1 2005 Evidences for the involvement of the Galectin-1 in the interaction of pig chondrocytes with a lactose-modified chitosan, namely Chitlac, are reported. Lactose 94-101 galectin 1 Sus scrofa 37-47 15963723-2 2005 The 3-(1H-[1,2,3]-triazol-1-yl)-1-thio-galactoside collection synthesized contained inhibitors of the tumor- and inflammation-related galectin-3 with Kd values as low as 107 microM, which is as potent as the natural disaccharide inhibitors lactose and N-acetyllactosamine. Lactose 240-247 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 134-144 16038798-5 2005 Gal-1-dependent collagen synthesis was blocked by lactose but not by cellobiose, suggesting that gal-1 acts on PSCs through targeting beta-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates. Lactose 50-57 galectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16038798-5 2005 Gal-1-dependent collagen synthesis was blocked by lactose but not by cellobiose, suggesting that gal-1 acts on PSCs through targeting beta-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates. Lactose 50-57 galectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-102 15968459-1 2005 Control of mammalian gene promoters by the bacterial LacI repressor provides reversible regulation and dose-response levels of derepressed expression by the lactose analog isopropyl thiogalactose (IPTG). Lactose 157-164 tissue factor pathway inhibitor Mus musculus 53-57 16109658-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: Adult lactose intolerance, which affects the majority of the population in the world, has been associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism, C-13910T, located upstream of the lactase gene. Lactose 17-24 lactase Homo sapiens 190-197 15958565-8 2005 This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Lactose 137-149 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 103-108 15958565-8 2005 This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Lactose 137-149 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 184-189 15958565-8 2005 This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Lactose 137-149 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7 Mus musculus 193-203 15958565-8 2005 This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Lactose 137-149 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 7 Mus musculus 193-203 15958565-8 2005 This hypothesis is based on the following evidence: (a) galectin-7 transfectants have higher levels of MMP-9 expression, (b) addition of beta-lactose completely inhibits expression of MMP-9 by galectin-7 transfectants, and (c) recombinant forms of galectin-7 induces the expression of MMP-9 in both mouse and human lymphoma cells. Lactose 137-149 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 184-189 15703907-2 2005 The beta-galactosidase activity of whole bifidobacterial cells showed an optimum activity at pH 6.8-7.0 and 40 degrees C. The transgalactosylation activity of the B. bifidum cells from 50% (w/w) lactose resulted in a galactooligosaccharide mixture (20% w/w) comprising (w/w): 25% disaccharides, 35% trisaccharides, 25% tetrasaccharides and 15% pentasaccharides. Lactose 195-202 galactosidase beta 1 Homo sapiens 4-22 15777735-4 2005 In contrast, lactase persistent individuals have a lifelong lactase expression and are able to digest lactose as adults. Lactose 102-109 lactase Homo sapiens 13-20 15797136-5 2005 At a higher concentration of surfactant, the I1/I3 ratio of hyaluronate/surfactant was influenced by the addition of saccharide (glucose, lactose, or mannitol). Lactose 138-145 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1A Homo sapiens 45-50 15806398-3 2005 Milk consumption and thus lactose tolerance are assumed to have spread with pastoralism and we propose that by looking at the relevant mutations in and around the lactase gene in human populations, we can gain insight into the origin(s) and spread of dairying. Lactose 26-33 lactase Homo sapiens 163-170