PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
16504520-1	2006	Mechanism of inhibition of glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2; GS) by phosphinothricin and its analogues was studied in some detail using molecular modeling methods.	phosphinothricin	68-84	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	27-47
16535427-1	1996	Wild-type strain 21gr of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was resistant to the ammonium salt of l-phosphinothricin (PPT, also called glufosinate), an irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase activity and the main active component of the herbicide BASTA (AgrEvo, Frankfurt am Main, Germany).	phosphinothricin	141-152	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	184-204
16792015-5	2006	Transformation of plants with the plasmid vector containing only promoterless bar gene near T-DNA right border (RB-bar-) and with the vector containing lox site and promoterless bar gene in the middle of the construction (-lox-bar-) led to obtaining no more than 4.5% of transgenic plants resistant to phosphinothricin.	phosphinothricin	302-318	probable linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase 5	Nicotiana tabacum	223-226
14714472-0	2003	[Methionine sulfoximine and phosphinothricin--glutamine synthetase inhibitors and activators and their herbicidal activity (A review)].	phosphinothricin	28-44	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	46-66
12697389-1	2003	Methionine sulfoximine, like phosphinothricin (PPT), the active agent in the herbicide BASTA, is a glutamate analogue that inhibits growth of wildtype Arabidopsis plants through its action on glutamine synthetase.	phosphinothricin	29-45	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	192-212
12697389-1	2003	Methionine sulfoximine, like phosphinothricin (PPT), the active agent in the herbicide BASTA, is a glutamate analogue that inhibits growth of wildtype Arabidopsis plants through its action on glutamine synthetase.	phosphinothricin	47-50	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	192-212
10853264-2	2000	Selection in the presence of either the herbicide Basta or the adenosine analogue 2"-deoxyadenosine resulted in transgenic cultures that expressed GUS and accumulated a 41-kD protein that immunoprecipated with an ADA-specific polyclonal antibody.	phosphinothricin	50-55	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	213-216
14582958-9	2003	NAG is also a main metabolite of glufosinate in resistant transgenic plants.	phosphinothricin	33-44	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	0-3
14582958-10	2003	The antibodies might be useful for the selective detection of NAG in the presence of the parent compound glufosinate (cross-reactivity 0.13%) and other metabolites.	phosphinothricin	105-116	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	62-65
12443979-2	2002	PPT shares structural analogy with glutamate, which could explain its powerful inhibitory effect on glutamine synthetase and its probable binding to glutamate receptors.	phosphinothricin	0-3	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	100-120
12443979-5	2002	The inhibitory effect of PPT on glutamine synthetase of mouse brain was assessed after in vitro and in vivo treatments.	phosphinothricin	25-28	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	32-52
12099271-0	2002	Glufosinate-tolerant tobacco plants directed by the promoter of adenylate kinase gene of rice.	phosphinothricin	0-11	adenylate kinase	Nicotiana tabacum	64-80
9121712-1	1997	Glufosinate ammonium structurally resembles glutamate and blocks glutamine synthetase.	phosphinothricin	0-20	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	65-85
16453789-1	1987	Phosphinothricin (PPT) is a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase in plants and is used as a non-selective herbicide.	phosphinothricin	0-16	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	48-68
8206444-1	1994	The broad-spectrum herbicide glufosinate ammonium is a structural analogue of glutamate and acts in plants by inhibition of glutamine synthetase leading to a complete breakdown of ammonia metabolism.	phosphinothricin	29-49	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	124-144
8206444-3	1994	Although in laboratory animals glufosinate ammonium causes an inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity in different tissues, this inhibition led to slight increases of glutamate and ammonia levels at high sublethal and lethal doses only.	phosphinothricin	31-51	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	76-96
2568124-3	1989	These compounds display competitive inhibition of GS, and a correlation between the inhibitor Ki values and the Km/Vmax values of the analogously substituted glutamates supports the hypothesis that the phosphinothricins participate in transition-state analogue inhibition of GS.	phosphinothricin	202-219	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	50-52
24194224-6	1994	PPT treatment reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and increased the ammonia content of the hairy roots.	phosphinothricin	0-3	glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic	Brassica napus	22-42
24194224-6	1994	PPT treatment reduced glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and increased the ammonia content of the hairy roots.	phosphinothricin	0-3	glutamine synthetase, chloroplastic	Brassica napus	44-46
16453789-1	1987	Phosphinothricin (PPT) is a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase in plants and is used as a non-selective herbicide.	phosphinothricin	18-21	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	48-68
32578317-7	2020	Glufosinate is a fast-acting herbicide that was first discovered as a natural product, and is the only herbicide presently targeting glutamine synthetase.	phosphinothricin	0-11	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	133-153
30723690-0	2019	Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1beta and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure.	phosphinothricin	6-17	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	78-95
31136021-4	2019	In this study, optically pure L-glufosinate (L-PPT) was obtained by coupling amidase-mediated hydrolysis of N-phenylacetyl-D,L-glufosinate with racemization of N-phenylacetyl-D-glufosinate (NPDG), which exclusively exhibits effective herbicidal properties compared with its D-enantiomer.	phosphinothricin	30-43	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
31034969-1	2019	Active ingredient of the commercial herbicide BASTA (B), phosphinothricin, acts as an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in ammonium assimilation.	phosphinothricin	46-51	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-119
31034969-1	2019	Active ingredient of the commercial herbicide BASTA (B), phosphinothricin, acts as an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in ammonium assimilation.	phosphinothricin	57-73	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-119
31034969-7	2019	Two genes encoding cytosolic GS, GLN1;1 and GLN1;3, are highlighted as the main isozymes in Arabidopsis shoots contributing to NrEO-induced overcoming of BASTA-generated ammonium toxicity.	phosphinothricin	154-159	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-39
32537734-3	2020	This observation formed the basis for the determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in the concentration ranges 0.34-8.45 mug mL-1 and 0.4-9.91 mug mL-1 respectively with correlation coefficient of 0.999.	phosphinothricin	74-85	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	128-132
32537734-3	2020	This observation formed the basis for the determination of glyphosate and glufosinate in the concentration ranges 0.34-8.45 mug mL-1 and 0.4-9.91 mug mL-1 respectively with correlation coefficient of 0.999.	phosphinothricin	74-85	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	150-154
32586204-5	2020	LOQs for AMPA, glyphosate and glufosinate were established at 0.5, 0.2 and 0.3 mug L-1, respectively.	phosphinothricin	30-41	TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex	Homo sapiens	0-4
30649517-9	2019	Among all single gln1 mutants, growth of gln1;1 seedlings showed an enhanced sensitivity to the GS inhibitor phosphinothricin (PPT), as well as to cold and salinity treatments, suggesting a non-redundant role for GLN1;1.	phosphinothricin	109-125	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-47
30649517-9	2019	Among all single gln1 mutants, growth of gln1;1 seedlings showed an enhanced sensitivity to the GS inhibitor phosphinothricin (PPT), as well as to cold and salinity treatments, suggesting a non-redundant role for GLN1;1.	phosphinothricin	127-130	hypothetical protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-47
30723690-0	2019	Acute glufosinate-based herbicide treatment in rats leads to increased ocular interleukin-1beta and c-Fos protein levels, as well as intraocular pressure.	phosphinothricin	6-17	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	100-105
30723690-7	2019	The results established that the glufosinate-based herbicide significantly increased IL-1beta and c-Fos immunopositivity in the optic nerve (p < 0.05), concomitant with increased IOP.	phosphinothricin	33-44	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
30723690-7	2019	The results established that the glufosinate-based herbicide significantly increased IL-1beta and c-Fos immunopositivity in the optic nerve (p < 0.05), concomitant with increased IOP.	phosphinothricin	33-44	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
28963559-7	2017	The GCN2 kinase mutant is hypersensitive to GA.	phosphinothricin	44-46	serine/threonine-protein kinase GCN2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
30222997-0	2018	Immunofluorescence/fluorescence assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, c-Fos activation, and apoptosis in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to glufosinate.	phosphinothricin	171-182	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Danio rerio	46-79
30222997-0	2018	Immunofluorescence/fluorescence assessment of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, c-Fos activation, and apoptosis in the brain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to glufosinate.	phosphinothricin	171-182	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	81-86
30222997-1	2018	In this study, we investigated the potential neuro-toxicological mechanism of the glufosinate in the brain of zebrafish larvae in terms of BDNF and c-Fos proteins by evaluating apoptosis, immunofluorescence BDNF, and c-FOS activation.	phosphinothricin	82-93	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Danio rerio	139-143
30222997-1	2018	In this study, we investigated the potential neuro-toxicological mechanism of the glufosinate in the brain of zebrafish larvae in terms of BDNF and c-Fos proteins by evaluating apoptosis, immunofluorescence BDNF, and c-FOS activation.	phosphinothricin	82-93	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	148-153
30222997-1	2018	In this study, we investigated the potential neuro-toxicological mechanism of the glufosinate in the brain of zebrafish larvae in terms of BDNF and c-Fos proteins by evaluating apoptosis, immunofluorescence BDNF, and c-FOS activation.	phosphinothricin	82-93	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	217-222
30222997-6	2018	The results have indicated that exposure to glufosinate caused to embryonic death, hatching delay, induction of apoptosis, increasing of c-FOS activity and the level of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner.	phosphinothricin	44-55	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	137-142
30222997-6	2018	The results have indicated that exposure to glufosinate caused to embryonic death, hatching delay, induction of apoptosis, increasing of c-FOS activity and the level of BDNF in a dose-dependent manner.	phosphinothricin	44-55	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Danio rerio	169-173
30222997-7	2018	As a conclusion, we suggested that c-Fos might play a role in the regulation of BDNF which responses to prevent the cell from apoptosis even in case of unsuccessful in zebrafish larvae exposed to glufosinate.	phosphinothricin	196-207	v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab	Danio rerio	35-40
30222997-7	2018	As a conclusion, we suggested that c-Fos might play a role in the regulation of BDNF which responses to prevent the cell from apoptosis even in case of unsuccessful in zebrafish larvae exposed to glufosinate.	phosphinothricin	196-207	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Danio rerio	80-84
30312642-2	2018	In this report, we used an in vitro model of murine primary neural stem cell culture to investigate the neurotoxicity of GLA and its main metabolite, 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxobutanoic acid (PPO).	phosphinothricin	121-124	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Mus musculus	190-193
30312642-4	2018	GLA and PPO impaired the formation of cilia, with reduced Celsr2 expression after PPO exposure.	phosphinothricin	0-3	cadherin, EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2	Mus musculus	58-64
30312642-4	2018	GLA and PPO impaired the formation of cilia, with reduced Celsr2 expression after PPO exposure.	phosphinothricin	0-3	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Mus musculus	82-85
30312642-8	2018	Indeed, not only GLA, but also its metabolite PPO disrupts V-SVZ homeostasis and provides a novel cellular mechanism underlying GLA-induced neurodevelopmental toxicity.	phosphinothricin	128-131	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Mus musculus	46-49
29473879-1	2018	l-Phosphinothricin (glufosinate or 2-amino-4-((hydroxy(methyl) phosphinyl) butyric acid ammonium salt (AHPB)), which is a structural analog of glutamate, is a recognized herbicide that acts on weeds through inhibition of glutamine synthetase.	phosphinothricin	20-31	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	221-241
29473879-3	2018	As BP is a competitive inhibitor of human farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (HFPPS), in silico molecular docking and dynamic simulations studies were established to evaluate the binding and stability of phosphinothricin with HFPPS, while the results showed good binding and stability in the active site of the enzyme in relation to alendronate.	phosphinothricin	201-217	farnesyl diphosphate synthase	Homo sapiens	42-73
29090429-8	2018	The F1 seeds obtained from BnCysP1 male-sterile plants and untransformed controls showed 1:1 (tolerant:sensitive) ratio when germinated on the MS medium supplemented with phosphinothricin (5 mg/l), confirming that the male sterility has been successfully engineered in rice.	phosphinothricin	171-187	senescence-specific cysteine protease SAG12-like	Brassica napus	27-34
29074276-2	2017	To avoid the threat of herbicides, the RF3 line with bar gene and barstar gene was developed, which can act as glufosinate resistance resources and restore fertility in hybrid lines.	phosphinothricin	111-122	Renal disease susceptibility QTL 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
27031874-7	2016	In our model, neuronal activation (c-Fos immunohistochemistry) was observed 6 h after GLA exposure in the dentate gyrus, CA1, CA3, amygdala, piriform and entorhinal cortices, indicating the activation of the limbic system.	phosphinothricin	86-89	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	128-143
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	145-148
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	151-172
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	174-178
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	256-273
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	275-283
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	interleukin 1 receptor, type I	Mus musculus	333-348
27549113-5	2016	A single GLA exposure (1 mg/kg) induced seizures and inflammatory cell recruitment in the broncho-alveolar space, and increased myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), interstitial inflammation and disruption of alveolar septae within 6-24 h. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) was increased and lung inflammation depended on IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1).	phosphinothricin	9-12	interleukin 1 receptor, type I	Mus musculus	350-356
28301275-0	2017	Serum S100 protein could predict altered consciousness in glyphosate or glufosinate poisoning patients.	phosphinothricin	72-83	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	6-10
28301275-2	2017	The aim of this study was to assess the possible role of serum S100B protein as a biochemical marker of CNS complications associated with glyphosate or glufosinate poisoning.	phosphinothricin	152-163	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	63-68
28301275-7	2017	Univariate analysis of measured patient raw parameters using a ROC curve showed that S100B was a significant predictor of neurologic features in glyphosate and glufosinate poisoning.	phosphinothricin	160-171	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	85-90
28301275-9	2017	When S100B was set at 0.0965, its sensitivity and specificity for predicting neurologic features in glyphosate and glufosinate poisoning were 92% and 82%, respectively.	phosphinothricin	115-126	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	5-10
28301275-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: In our pilot study, S100B was a significant predictor of neurologic complications in patients with glyphosate and glufosinate poisoning.	phosphinothricin	127-138	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	33-38
27031874-7	2016	In our model, neuronal activation (c-Fos immunohistochemistry) was observed 6 h after GLA exposure in the dentate gyrus, CA1, CA3, amygdala, piriform and entorhinal cortices, indicating the activation of the limbic system.	phosphinothricin	86-89	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
27031874-7	2016	In our model, neuronal activation (c-Fos immunohistochemistry) was observed 6 h after GLA exposure in the dentate gyrus, CA1, CA3, amygdala, piriform and entorhinal cortices, indicating the activation of the limbic system.	phosphinothricin	86-89	carbonic anhydrase 3	Homo sapiens	126-129
24704689-6	2014	The modified sensor observed wide linear ranges (3.98-176.23 ng mL(-1) and 0.54-3.96 ng mL(-1)) of simultaneous analysis with detection limits as low as 0.35 and 0.19 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) for glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively, in aqueous samples.	phosphinothricin	204-215	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	64-70
25268653-6	2014	Concentrations of GLF greater than 1000 muM were needed to decrease GLU uptake through GLT-1.	phosphinothricin	18-21	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Homo sapiens	87-92
25477793-8	2014	In addition, reduced expression of Pten and Peg3 - two genes implicated in autism-like deficits - was observed in the brain of GLA-exposed pups at postnatal day 15.	phosphinothricin	127-130	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	35-39
25477793-8	2014	In addition, reduced expression of Pten and Peg3 - two genes implicated in autism-like deficits - was observed in the brain of GLA-exposed pups at postnatal day 15.	phosphinothricin	127-130	paternally expressed 3	Mus musculus	44-48
24704689-6	2014	The modified sensor observed wide linear ranges (3.98-176.23 ng mL(-1) and 0.54-3.96 ng mL(-1)) of simultaneous analysis with detection limits as low as 0.35 and 0.19 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) for glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively, in aqueous samples.	phosphinothricin	204-215	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	88-94
24704689-6	2014	The modified sensor observed wide linear ranges (3.98-176.23 ng mL(-1) and 0.54-3.96 ng mL(-1)) of simultaneous analysis with detection limits as low as 0.35 and 0.19 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) for glyphosate and glufosinate, respectively, in aqueous samples.	phosphinothricin	204-215	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	88-94
18434258-0	2008	Detection of bar gene encoding phosphinothricin herbicide resistance in plants by electrochemical biosensor.	phosphinothricin	31-47	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	13-16
22414438-0	2012	Inhibition of glutamine synthetase by phosphinothricin leads to transcriptome reprograming in root nodules of Medicago truncatula.	phosphinothricin	38-54	LOC11405318	Medicago truncatula	14-34
21769496-0	2012	The non-proteinogenic amino acids L-methionine sulfoximine and DL-phosphinothricin activate mTOR.	phosphinothricin	63-82	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	92-96
21769496-1	2012	L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and DL-Phosphinothricin (PPT), two non-proteinogenic amino acids known as inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase, cause a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1.	phosphinothricin	35-54	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	119-139
21769496-1	2012	L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and DL-Phosphinothricin (PPT), two non-proteinogenic amino acids known as inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase, cause a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1.	phosphinothricin	35-54	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	203-207
21769496-1	2012	L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and DL-Phosphinothricin (PPT), two non-proteinogenic amino acids known as inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase, cause a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1.	phosphinothricin	56-59	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	119-139
21769496-1	2012	L-Methionine sulfoximine (MSO) and DL-Phosphinothricin (PPT), two non-proteinogenic amino acids known as inhibitors of Glutamine Synthetase, cause a dose-dependent increase in the phosphorylation of the mTOR substrate S6 kinase 1.	phosphinothricin	56-59	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	203-207
21769496-2	2012	The effect is particularly evident in glutamine-depleted cells, where mTOR activity is very low, but is detectable for PPT also in the presence of glutamine.	phosphinothricin	119-122	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	70-74
21769496-3	2012	The stimulation of mTOR activity by either MSO or PPT is strongly synergized by essential amino acids.	phosphinothricin	50-53	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	19-23
21769496-4	2012	Thus, the non-proteinogenic amino acids MSO and PPT are mTOR activators.	phosphinothricin	48-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	56-60
21288152-4	2011	Considering that GLA could irreversibly inhibit glutamine synthetase (GS) in plants, we performed serial measurements of serum ammonia in those patients and revealed marked hyperammonemia in all of them.	phosphinothricin	17-20	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	48-68
20306258-3	2010	At least two mechanisms can be proposed to explain these increases: GLA could be inducing DA release from synaptic vesicles or producing an inhibition of DA transporter (DAT).	phosphinothricin	68-71	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-168
20306258-3	2010	At least two mechanisms can be proposed to explain these increases: GLA could be inducing DA release from synaptic vesicles or producing an inhibition of DA transporter (DAT).	phosphinothricin	68-71	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	170-173
20306258-7	2010	These results show that GLA-induced striatal DA release is probably mediated by an exocytotic-, Ca(++)-, action potential-dependent mechanism, being independent of DAT.	phosphinothricin	24-27	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
19638430-2	2009	GLA acts by inhibiting the plant glutamine synthetase (GlnS).	phosphinothricin	0-3	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	33-53
19638430-2	2009	GLA acts by inhibiting the plant glutamine synthetase (GlnS).	phosphinothricin	0-3	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	55-59
20204372-6	2010	Thus, SMG elimination was achieved in the T(0) generation itself in 4.4% (5/114) of plants, which were transiently selected for 2-4 weeks on PPT.	phosphinothricin	141-144	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G	Homo sapiens	6-9
18434258-1	2008	An electrochemical biosensor for the detection of bar gene coding phosphinothricin herbicide resistance is presented.	phosphinothricin	66-82	bifunctional apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	50-53
18562008-0	2008	Chronic exposure to glufosinate-ammonium induces spatial memory impairments, hippocampal MRI modifications and glutamine synthetase activation in mice.	phosphinothricin	20-40	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	111-131
18584892-12	2008	The lowest abundances of psaB, psbC and rbcL transcripts in response to glufosinate exposure were 38%, 16% and 43% of those of the control, respectively.	phosphinothricin	72-83	photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2	Chlorella vulgaris	25-29
18584892-12	2008	The lowest abundances of psaB, psbC and rbcL transcripts in response to glufosinate exposure were 38%, 16% and 43% of those of the control, respectively.	phosphinothricin	72-83	photosystem II 44 kDa protein	Chlorella vulgaris	31-35
18584892-12	2008	The lowest abundances of psaB, psbC and rbcL transcripts in response to glufosinate exposure were 38%, 16% and 43% of those of the control, respectively.	phosphinothricin	72-83	ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit	Chlorella vulgaris	40-44
18562008-1	2008	Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA), the active compound of a worldwide-used herbicide, acts by inhibiting the plant glutamine synthetase (GS) leading to a lethal accumulation of ammonia.	phosphinothricin	0-20	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	108-128
18562008-1	2008	Glufosinate-ammonium (GLA), the active compound of a worldwide-used herbicide, acts by inhibiting the plant glutamine synthetase (GS) leading to a lethal accumulation of ammonia.	phosphinothricin	22-25	glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase)	Mus musculus	108-128
17531229-5	2007	The inhibition of in vitro RNA editing by GDH is confirmed by the ability of the GDH-specific herbicide phosphinothricin to substitute for NTP.	phosphinothricin	104-120	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
18784206-3	2008	Glufosinate toxicity is related to its capacity to inhibit glutamine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase, which may lead to a potentially fatal multiorgan failure.	phosphinothricin	0-11	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	59-79
18784206-3	2008	Glufosinate toxicity is related to its capacity to inhibit glutamine synthetase and glutamate decarboxylase, which may lead to a potentially fatal multiorgan failure.	phosphinothricin	0-11	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	84-107
18270316-4	2008	Another nNOS inhibitor, 1-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]imidazole (TRIM), inhibited NOS activity in vivo, and it prevented glufosinate-induced convulsions.	phosphinothricin	120-131	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	8-12
18270316-6	2008	These results suggest the involvement of nNOS in glufosinate-induced convulsions.	phosphinothricin	49-60	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	41-45
18270316-9	2008	Moreover, glufosinate elicited convulsions in nNOS-deficient mice.	phosphinothricin	10-21	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	46-50
17888468-0	2008	Response of transgenic poplar overexpressing cytosolic glutamine synthetase to phosphinothricin.	phosphinothricin	79-95	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	55-75
17888468-1	2008	Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the main enzyme involved in ammonia assimilation in plants and is the target of phosphinothricin (PPT), an herbicide commonly used for weed control in agriculture.	phosphinothricin	109-125	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	0-20
17888468-1	2008	Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the main enzyme involved in ammonia assimilation in plants and is the target of phosphinothricin (PPT), an herbicide commonly used for weed control in agriculture.	phosphinothricin	127-130	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	0-20
17531229-5	2007	The inhibition of in vitro RNA editing by GDH is confirmed by the ability of the GDH-specific herbicide phosphinothricin to substitute for NTP.	phosphinothricin	104-120	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
17273854-4	2007	phosphinothricin), a glutamine-synthetase inhibitor in plants and microorganisms.	phosphinothricin	0-16	glutamine synthetase	Apis mellifera	21-41
17016672-5	2007	Regenerated plants containing the p35 gene were inoculated with the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv passiflorae, and the herbicide, glufosinate, (Syngenta).	phosphinothricin	181-192	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	34-37
17016672-7	2007	Regenerated plants (p35+) showed less than half of local lesions showed by non-transgenic plants when inoculated with X. axonopodis and some p35+ plants showed increased tolerance to the glufosinate herbicide when compared to non-transgenic plants.	phosphinothricin	187-198	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	141-144