PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
23860269-5	2013	PIASy knockdown reduced the removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) from total genomic DNA, but did not affect that of 6-4 pyrimidine pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs).	Cyclobutanes	39-50	protein inhibitor of activated STAT 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25042133-2	2014	The interacting energy of complexes of F(-) , HO(-) , N C(-) , and H2 CO with cyclopropane and cyclobutane X2 C CX2 derivatives was calculated.	Cyclobutanes	95-106	interleukin 17C	Homo sapiens	112-115
24218596-5	2013	In six of eight PTC-containing XP-C cells, treatment with Geneticin and gentamicin resulted in (i) stabilized XPC-mRNA, which would have been degraded by nonsense-mediated decay; (ii) increased expression of XPC protein that localized to UV-damaged sites; (iii) recruitment of XPB and XPD proteins to UV DNA damage sites; and (iv) increased repair of 6-4 photoproducts and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers.	Cyclobutanes	373-384	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	208-211
23471298-1	2012	For the first time oxidative quenching of OsP2N4 chromophores by reactive PtII or PdII sites containing cis, trans, cis-1,2,3,4-tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)cyclobutane (dppcb) is directly observed despite the presence of a saturated cyclobutane backbone "bridge".	Cyclobutanes	155-166	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	116-125
22851051-2	2013	Herein, we describe the synthesis of a novel, non-proteinogenic constrained delta amino acid containing a cyclobutane ring, cis-3(aminomethyl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid (ACCA).	Cyclobutanes	106-117	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	124-129
23572020-1	2013	The DNA cis-syn cyclobutane photoproduct formed between two adjacent cytosine residues is highly mutagenic and responsible for the tandem CC to TT transition.	Cyclobutanes	16-27	synemin	Homo sapiens	12-15
23758288-1	2013	Enantiomerically enriched cyclobutanes are constructed by a three-component process in which t-butyl (E)-2-diazo-5-arylpent-4-enoates are treated with Rh2(S-NTTL)4 to provide enantiomerically enriched bicyclobutanes, which can subsequently engage in homoconjugate addition/enolate trapping sequence to give densely functionalized cyclobutanes with high diastereoselectivity.	Cyclobutanes	26-38	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	151-154
23758288-1	2013	Enantiomerically enriched cyclobutanes are constructed by a three-component process in which t-butyl (E)-2-diazo-5-arylpent-4-enoates are treated with Rh2(S-NTTL)4 to provide enantiomerically enriched bicyclobutanes, which can subsequently engage in homoconjugate addition/enolate trapping sequence to give densely functionalized cyclobutanes with high diastereoselectivity.	Cyclobutanes	203-215	Rh associated glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	151-154
22261023-2	2012	Among the synthesized compounds, 44, having a cyclobutane ring on a spirocycle, showed excellent GSK-3beta inhibitory activity in both cell-free and cell-based assays (IC(50) = 36nM, EC(50) = 3.2muM, respectively).	Cyclobutanes	46-57	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	97-106
22301855-4	2012	Here, we briefly review the discovery, characterization and current status of a novel class of cyclobutane-derivative-based non-peptidic agonists for GLP-1R, including Boc5 and its newly discovered analogue WB4-24.	Cyclobutanes	95-106	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	150-156
20929861-7	2010	As Cdt1 was degraded, the Cdt2 signal at damaged sites was reduced, but PCNA, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, and XPA (xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A) signals remained at the same levels.	Cyclobutanes	78-89	chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
22103243-0	2012	Cyclobutane derivatives as novel nonpeptidic small molecule agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor.	Cyclobutanes	0-11	glucagon	Homo sapiens	72-95
22103243-1	2012	A novel cyclobutane class of nonpeptidic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, exemplified by 3, was identified using receptor binding and multiple response element/cAMP response element (MRE/CRE)-driven reporter gene assays.	Cyclobutanes	8-19	glucagon	Homo sapiens	41-64
22103243-1	2012	A novel cyclobutane class of nonpeptidic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, exemplified by 3, was identified using receptor binding and multiple response element/cAMP response element (MRE/CRE)-driven reporter gene assays.	Cyclobutanes	8-19	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	66-81
21987304-2	2011	Aiming at improved selectivity for the hH(4) R relative to the H(3)  receptor (hH(3) R), the flexible tetramethylene linker connecting imidazole ring and cyanoguanidine group was replaced by conformationally restricted carbocycles.	Cyclobutanes	102-116	histamine receptor H4	Homo sapiens	39-46
21987304-2	2011	Aiming at improved selectivity for the hH(4) R relative to the H(3)  receptor (hH(3) R), the flexible tetramethylene linker connecting imidazole ring and cyanoguanidine group was replaced by conformationally restricted carbocycles.	Cyclobutanes	102-116	histamine receptor H3	Homo sapiens	63-86
20676118-5	2010	Serendipitous discovery of substituted cyclobutanes represented by Boc5 as a new class of GLP-1 receptor agonists led us to believe that a small molecule approach to class B G-protein coupled receptor agonism is no longer a fantasy but a reality.	Cyclobutanes	39-51	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	90-104
20675387-8	2010	Furthermore, heterozygous mutants for the dKdm4B gene are more sensitive to UV irradiation; they are deficient in the removal of cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers, and the decrease of H3K9me3 levels following DNA damage is not observed in dKdm4B mutant flies.	Cyclobutanes	129-140	Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4B	Drosophila melanogaster	42-48
20925408-0	2010	Formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of alkoxy-substituted donor-acceptor cyclobutanes and aldehydes catalyzed by Yb(OTf)3.	Cyclobutanes	66-78	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
19153606-3	2009	A single gene, REV3L, encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta), was found to have a pivotal role in TLS, being involved in TLS across all lesions examined, except for a TT cyclobutane dimer.	Cyclobutanes	196-207	REV3 like, DNA directed polymerase zeta catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
20006562-3	2010	To examine the question of Pol beta involvement in LP BER, we made use of nucleotide excision repair-deficient human XPA cells expressing UVDE (XPA-UVDE), which introduces a nick directly 5" to the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer or 6-4 photoproduct, leaving ends with 3"-OH and 5"-phosphorylated UV lesion.	Cyclobutanes	198-209	xeroderma pigmentosum, complementation group A	Mus musculus	144-147
20424782-2	2010	The cyclobutane derivative is demonstrated as a potential candidate to serve as an organic building block for making co-crystal and MOF.	Cyclobutanes	4-15	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	132-135
19376752-4	2009	Rb-/-, p107-/-, p130-/- MEFs repaired both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs) at higher efficiency than did wildtype cells following UV-C irradiation.	Cyclobutanes	43-54	RB transcriptional corepressor like 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
19376752-4	2009	Rb-/-, p107-/-, p130-/- MEFs repaired both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs) at higher efficiency than did wildtype cells following UV-C irradiation.	Cyclobutanes	43-54	RB transcriptional corepressor like 2	Homo sapiens	16-20
19153606-3	2009	A single gene, REV3L, encoding the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta), was found to have a pivotal role in TLS, being involved in TLS across all lesions examined, except for a TT cyclobutane dimer.	Cyclobutanes	196-207	FUS RNA binding protein	Homo sapiens	124-127
18976908-3	2008	Further 1,3-dioxane-2-carboxylic acid derivative 20 was synthesized by replacing the tetramethylene spacer of NS-220, a selective PPARalpha agonist with phenylene group and found to exhibit PPARalpha/gamma dual agonism.	Cyclobutanes	85-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	190-199
19208740-0	2009	p53 mutant human glioma cells are sensitive to UV-C-induced apoptosis due to impaired cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal.	Cyclobutanes	86-97	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	0-3
17213311-6	2007	Two substituted cyclobutanes (S4P and Boc5) were developed after screening a compound library against a cell line stably cotransfected with GLP-1R and a cAMP-responsive reporter.	Cyclobutanes	16-28	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	140-146
18423938-3	2008	One of them derives from a Norrish I photoreaction which cleaves the C17-C20 bond of the steroid yielding the andro-derivative, a second product comes from a Yang-type photorearrangement which links C18 to C20 yielding a cyclobutane adduct.	Cyclobutanes	221-232	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
18423938-3	2008	One of them derives from a Norrish I photoreaction which cleaves the C17-C20 bond of the steroid yielding the andro-derivative, a second product comes from a Yang-type photorearrangement which links C18 to C20 yielding a cyclobutane adduct.	Cyclobutanes	221-232	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	199-202
18776441-3	2008	In this reaction, hydrolysis of the acetylamino group occurred, and a trans-syn cyclobutane thymine-uracil dimer with the syn-anti conformation around the glycosidic bonds was formed stereoselectively.	Cyclobutanes	80-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	76-79
18776441-3	2008	In this reaction, hydrolysis of the acetylamino group occurred, and a trans-syn cyclobutane thymine-uracil dimer with the syn-anti conformation around the glycosidic bonds was formed stereoselectively.	Cyclobutanes	80-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	122-125
17663562-1	2007	A beta-tetrapeptide made up of homochiral cyclobutane residues displays conformational bias in solution prompted by the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds.	Cyclobutanes	42-53	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-6
17173070-1	2007	DDB2, a gene mutated in XPE patients, is involved in global genomic repair especially the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), and is regulated by p53 in human cells.	Cyclobutanes	100-111	damage specific DNA binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
17173070-1	2007	DDB2, a gene mutated in XPE patients, is involved in global genomic repair especially the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), and is regulated by p53 in human cells.	Cyclobutanes	100-111	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	158-161
16682196-0	2006	Cyclobutane derivatives as potent NK1 selective antagonists.	Cyclobutanes	0-11	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
17264133-7	2007	This is consistent with d(TpA)* arising by valence isomerization of a precursor cyclobutane photoproduct with cis-syn stereochemistry that is generated by [2 + 2] photoaddition of the thymine 5,6-double bond across the C6 and C5 positions of adenine.	Cyclobutanes	80-91	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	26-29
17264133-7	2007	This is consistent with d(TpA)* arising by valence isomerization of a precursor cyclobutane photoproduct with cis-syn stereochemistry that is generated by [2 + 2] photoaddition of the thymine 5,6-double bond across the C6 and C5 positions of adenine.	Cyclobutanes	80-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	114-117
16922539-4	2006	The water solubility of cucurbit[8]uril is enhanced by inclusion of water soluble cinnamic acids and positions the olefins in an arrangement that favors the formation of syn head-head cyclobutanes in near quantitative yields.	Cyclobutanes	184-196	synemin	Homo sapiens	170-173
17177461-4	2006	It appears that commonly cited bond energies for cyclopropane, cyclobutane, and cyclohexane are 3 to 4 kcal mol-1 too small and their pi bond strengths, as given by BDE1 - BDE2, are in error by up to 8 kcal mol-1.	Cyclobutanes	63-74	HLCS intronic transcript 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
17177461-4	2006	It appears that commonly cited bond energies for cyclopropane, cyclobutane, and cyclohexane are 3 to 4 kcal mol-1 too small and their pi bond strengths, as given by BDE1 - BDE2, are in error by up to 8 kcal mol-1.	Cyclobutanes	63-74	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	172-176
16682196-1	2006	A series of novel cyclobutane derivatives as potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonists is described.	Cyclobutanes	18-29	tachykinin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	66-78
16316224-1	2005	The treatment of readily available propargylic indole-3-acetates with a catalytic amount of AuCl(PPh3)/AgSbF6 leads to tandem activations of the propargylic esters and the in situ generated allenylic esters, resulting in expeditious access to highly functionalized cyclobutanes with fused 2,3-indoline and gamma-lactone rings and an exocyclic E-double bond through sequential 3,3-rearrangement and [2 + 2] cyclization.	Cyclobutanes	265-277	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
16243533-3	2006	Secondly, formation of trans,syn cyclobutane dimers and, to a lesser extent, modification in the ratio between the yields of cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts, were found to be other main features associated with denaturation.	Cyclobutanes	33-44	synemin	Homo sapiens	29-32
15132536-7	2004	The resulting cyclobutane derivatives with head-to-tail (syn) configuration exhibited a considerably lower A(2A) adenosine receptor affinity than their parent compounds.	Cyclobutanes	14-25	synemin	Homo sapiens	57-60
15704886-2	2005	Excitation of such templated olefins results in syn head-head cyclobutanes in nearly quantitative yields.	Cyclobutanes	62-74	synemin	Homo sapiens	48-51
15669859-2	2005	The thermolysis of polyfused cyclobutanes with a cis,syn,cis- or a cis,anti,cis-relationship proceeds in a formally "symmetry-allowed" manner through the intermediacy of a cis,trans-cyclooctadiene.	Cyclobutanes	29-41	synemin	Homo sapiens	53-56
11960662-2	2002	Replacement of a tetramethylene chain with a 1e,4e-disubstituted cyclohexane ring in the structure of flexible ligands resulted in insignificant diminution of the 5-HT(1A) receptor affinity in the case of 2b-4b (K(i)=15-52 nM), whereas derivatives 5b and 6b were practically inactive (K(i)>1354 nM).	Cyclobutanes	17-31	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	163-180
14725471-1	2004	The design, synthesis, structure, and binding affinity of two dioptic receptors for the selective molecular recognition of the cis,syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer are reported.	Cyclobutanes	135-146	synemin	Homo sapiens	12-15
12633102-1	2003	[reaction: see text] Acetonides derived from different terpenes undergo Grob fragmentation by treatment with a catalytic amount of acid, triflic acid, or boron trifluoride, giving aldehydes containing a cyclopropane or cyclobutane ring with good yields and complete diastereoselectivity.	Cyclobutanes	219-230	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
12444667-1	2002	The intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition of alpha,omega-bis(3,6-divinyl-N-carbazolyl)alkanes 3 afforded triply bridged syn-[2.2.n](3,6,9)carbazolophanes 4a-6a (n = 4) and 4b,5b (n = 5) composed of isomers derived from the difference in the direction of cyclobutane rings.	Cyclobutanes	258-269	synemin	Homo sapiens	124-127
12022861-7	2002	Binding experiments employing fluorescent probes with a single defined photoproduct reveal a 30-fold preference of XPC for 6,4-photoproducts as compared to a cyclobutane dimer.	Cyclobutanes	158-169	XPC complex subunit, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	115-118
9771945-6	1998	These data confirm our earlier results that p53 accumulation following UV treatment is directly related to the presence of unrepaired cyclobutane dimers on the transcribed strand of active genes.	Cyclobutanes	134-145	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	44-47
11861920-1	2002	UV-induced reversion of the arg4-17 ochre allele in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is largely dependent on translesion polymerase eta (Rad30p), known to bypass cyclobutane-type TT dimers in an error-free fashion.	Cyclobutanes	154-165	argininosuccinate lyase ARG4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	28-32
11861920-1	2002	UV-induced reversion of the arg4-17 ochre allele in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is largely dependent on translesion polymerase eta (Rad30p), known to bypass cyclobutane-type TT dimers in an error-free fashion.	Cyclobutanes	154-165	DNA-directed DNA polymerase eta	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	129-135
29712105-2	2001	When irradiated with white light, this crystalline complex forms a single diastereoisomer of the corresponding cyclobutane derivative, the stereochemistry of which has been determined unambiguously in the solid state by X-ray crystallography to be syn-anti-syn.	Cyclobutanes	111-122	synemin	Homo sapiens	248-251
29712105-2	2001	When irradiated with white light, this crystalline complex forms a single diastereoisomer of the corresponding cyclobutane derivative, the stereochemistry of which has been determined unambiguously in the solid state by X-ray crystallography to be syn-anti-syn.	Cyclobutanes	111-122	synemin	Homo sapiens	257-260
11691935-3	2001	PHR2 is a gene that in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes a class II DNA photolyase which catalyzes the photorepair of cyclobutane-type pyrimidine dimers.	Cyclobutanes	118-129	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-4
11300900-3	2001	The first dimer, characterized by a cyclobutane ring, is formed by connection of C-2 and C-3 of a moiety with C-5" and C-6" of another moiety, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	36-47	complement C2	Homo sapiens	81-84
11300900-3	2001	The first dimer, characterized by a cyclobutane ring, is formed by connection of C-2 and C-3 of a moiety with C-5" and C-6" of another moiety, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	36-47	complement C3	Homo sapiens	89-92
11300900-3	2001	The first dimer, characterized by a cyclobutane ring, is formed by connection of C-2 and C-3 of a moiety with C-5" and C-6" of another moiety, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	36-47	complement C5	Homo sapiens	110-113
11300900-3	2001	The first dimer, characterized by a cyclobutane ring, is formed by connection of C-2 and C-3 of a moiety with C-5" and C-6" of another moiety, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	36-47	complement C6	Homo sapiens	119-122
11095682-2	2000	Human DNA polymerase eta (Pol(eta)), encoded by the Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene, is known for its activity of error-free translesion synthesis opposite a TT cis-syn cyclobutane dimer.	Cyclobutanes	178-189	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	6-24
11095682-2	2000	Human DNA polymerase eta (Pol(eta)), encoded by the Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene, is known for its activity of error-free translesion synthesis opposite a TT cis-syn cyclobutane dimer.	Cyclobutanes	178-189	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	26-34
10229632-0	1999	Cyclobutane quisqualic acid analogues as selective mGluR5a metabotropic glutamic acid receptor ligands.	Cyclobutanes	0-11	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 1	Mus musculus	51-57
9833778-5	1998	After 24 h, cyclobutane dimer repair was twofold and 1.5-fold greater in the UVNEA and VEA/UV groups, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	12-23	CD69 antigen	Mus musculus	87-90
9806501-4	1998	However, cAMP significantly increased the percentage of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) removed from the PEPCK fragment 12 h after UV-irradiation in cultured hepatocytes isolated from young rats fed ad libitum.	Cyclobutanes	56-67	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
11160666-3	2001	In this regard, we have identified an open reading frame (ORF) coding for a putative class II cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-photolyase in the genome of FPV.	Cyclobutanes	94-105	Photolyase	Fowlpox virus	129-139
10828957-9	2000	In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to investigate the interaction of XPA and RPA with two major types of UV-damaged DNA: the (6-4) photoproduct and the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer of thymidine.	Cyclobutanes	189-200	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	98-101
10828957-9	2000	In this study, we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis to investigate the interaction of XPA and RPA with two major types of UV-damaged DNA: the (6-4) photoproduct and the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer of thymidine.	Cyclobutanes	189-200	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	106-109
10828957-10	2000	Both XPA and RPA preferentially bind to (6-4) photoproduct-containing duplex DNA over cis-syn cyclobutane dimer-containing DNA.	Cyclobutanes	94-105	XPA, DNA damage recognition and repair factor	Homo sapiens	5-8
10828957-10	2000	Both XPA and RPA preferentially bind to (6-4) photoproduct-containing duplex DNA over cis-syn cyclobutane dimer-containing DNA.	Cyclobutanes	94-105	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	13-16
10380342-12	1999	Steric crowding of cyclobutane ring substituents is offered as an explanation for the difference in substituent effects between the families of cis-syn and trans-syn photodimers.	Cyclobutanes	19-30	synemin	Homo sapiens	148-151
10380342-12	1999	Steric crowding of cyclobutane ring substituents is offered as an explanation for the difference in substituent effects between the families of cis-syn and trans-syn photodimers.	Cyclobutanes	19-30	synemin	Homo sapiens	162-165
9973625-1	1999	Binding of the MIG1 repressor to the glucose-repressible GAL1 and GAL4 promoters was analyzed in vivo by cyclobutane dimer footprinting in two yeast strains that show different glucose repression responses.	Cyclobutanes	105-116	transcription factor MIG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	15-19
9973625-1	1999	Binding of the MIG1 repressor to the glucose-repressible GAL1 and GAL4 promoters was analyzed in vivo by cyclobutane dimer footprinting in two yeast strains that show different glucose repression responses.	Cyclobutanes	105-116	galactokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
9677255-7	1998	RESULTS: p53+/+ mouse skin exposed to 1000 J/m2 retained " 25% of epidermal cyclobutane dimers at 48 h, whereas approximately 50% remained in p53-/- cells.	Cyclobutanes	76-87	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	9-12
8286371-4	1994	The bulkiness of the tetramethylene bridge in ret8 led to numerous unexpected obstacles in attempts to reconstitute a ret8-containing rhodopsin (Rh8) embedded in lipid bilayer membranes.	Cyclobutanes	21-35	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	134-143
8055636-3	1994	This is consistent with previous investigations of 254 nm UVC on the aprt gene, as well as on various other genetic targets from diverse species, and supports a pre-eminent role for cyclobutane dimers and/or (6-4) photoproducts in solar mutagenesis.	Cyclobutanes	182-193	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	69-73
9188277-9	1997	There were more pyrimidine dimers (cyclobutane dimers and 6-4 photoproducts) produced in melan-a than in melan-c cells by UVC, UVB and FS20 lamps.	Cyclobutanes	35-46	melan-A	Mus musculus	89-96
9095000-6	1997	The reduced DNA repair in p53-/- mice was confirmed with a radioimmunoassay comparing cyclobutane dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts in p53+/+ and p53-/- keratinocytes after the cells were exposed to UV irradiation.	Cyclobutanes	86-97	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	26-29
8681443-4	1996	In this study we show, using agarose gel electrophoresis, that Trp-P-1 inhibits incision by T4 endonuclease V, which cleaves DNA at the site of cyclobutane dimers.	Cyclobutanes	144-155	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	63-70
7708495-7	1995	The stereochemistry of the diadduct is indeed cis-syn at both cyclobutane rings.	Cyclobutanes	62-73	synemin	Homo sapiens	50-53
1453273-4	1992	In addition, the trans-syn and cis-syn cyclobutane dimers of dCpT were obtained by acetophenone photosensitization and characterized.	Cyclobutanes	39-50	synemin	Homo sapiens	35-38
8374057-1	1993	Photolysis of thymidylyl-(3"-->5")-thymidine (TpT) has been previously reported by many workers to lead to only two cyclobutane dimers, the cis-syn and trans-syn-I dimers.	Cyclobutanes	119-130	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
8332932-5	1993	The presence of the denV gene greatly stimulates the repair of cyclobutane dimers in undifferentiated P19 cells (94% removal at 3 h versus 40%) and also in differentiated cells (50% removal at 24 h versus no removal).	Cyclobutanes	63-74	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	102-105
7682114-0	1993	Substituent effects on the puckering mode of the cyclobutane ring and the glycosyl bond of cis-syn photodimers.	Cyclobutanes	49-60	synemin	Homo sapiens	95-98
7682114-1	1993	The cyclobutane ring (CB) puckering of a cis-syn DNA photodimer (cis-syn d-T[p]T) differs from that of a cis-syn RNA photodimer (cis-syn r-U[p]U) [J.-K. Kim and J.L.	Cyclobutanes	4-15	synemin	Homo sapiens	45-48
7682114-1	1993	The cyclobutane ring (CB) puckering of a cis-syn DNA photodimer (cis-syn d-T[p]T) differs from that of a cis-syn RNA photodimer (cis-syn r-U[p]U) [J.-K. Kim and J.L.	Cyclobutanes	4-15	synemin	Homo sapiens	69-72
7682114-1	1993	The cyclobutane ring (CB) puckering of a cis-syn DNA photodimer (cis-syn d-T[p]T) differs from that of a cis-syn RNA photodimer (cis-syn r-U[p]U) [J.-K. Kim and J.L.	Cyclobutanes	4-15	synemin	Homo sapiens	69-72
7682114-1	1993	The cyclobutane ring (CB) puckering of a cis-syn DNA photodimer (cis-syn d-T[p]T) differs from that of a cis-syn RNA photodimer (cis-syn r-U[p]U) [J.-K. Kim and J.L.	Cyclobutanes	4-15	synemin	Homo sapiens	69-72
1501884-5	1992	We find that the transcribed strand near codon 61 in H-ras, K-ras and N-ras shows a high frequency of potentially mutagenic cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts.	Cyclobutanes	124-135	HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	53-58
1501884-5	1992	We find that the transcribed strand near codon 61 in H-ras, K-ras and N-ras shows a high frequency of potentially mutagenic cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts.	Cyclobutanes	124-135	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	60-65
1501884-5	1992	We find that the transcribed strand near codon 61 in H-ras, K-ras and N-ras shows a high frequency of potentially mutagenic cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts.	Cyclobutanes	124-135	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	70-75
1377471-7	1992	In addition these results indicate differences in the cyclobutane ring conformation of the cis-syn d-T[p]T, not only in solution and crystalline states, but also when the dimer is isolated and in duplex forms.	Cyclobutanes	54-65	synemin	Homo sapiens	95-98
1377471-1	1992	The recent NMR study of a cis-syn photodimer B-DNA 10mer-duplex (Taylor et al., Biochemistry 29, 8858 (1990)) showed the cyclobutane (CB) ring with a puckered-twist in a right-handed sense (CB+).	Cyclobutanes	121-132	synemin	Homo sapiens	30-33
1620731-4	1992	The two peaks were identified as being the cis-syn cyclobutane dimer and the (6-4) photoproduct, based on their HPLC retention times, absorption spectra in the effluent, and photochemical reactivity.	Cyclobutanes	51-62	synemin	Homo sapiens	47-50
1655791-4	1991	When 10-20 cyclobutane dimers were present per plasmid, the initial velocity of topoisomerase II-catalyzed DNA relaxation was inhibited approximately 50%.	Cyclobutanes	11-22	Topoisomerase 2	Drosophila melanogaster	80-96
1674998-5	1991	Analysis of DNA repair in the hprt gene revealed that more than 90% of the cyclobutane dimers were removed from the transcribed strand within 8 hours after irradiation with 10 J/m2 UV, whereas virtually no dimer removal could be detected from the nontranscribed strand even up to 24 hr after UV.	Cyclobutanes	75-86	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	30-34
1652676-5	1991	Furthermore, in V-B11 the rate of cyclobutane dimer removal from the HPRT gene is slower than in wild-type cells.	Cyclobutanes	34-45	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	69-73
2147025-6	1990	We have found that RecA binds DNA with (6-4) lesions much more efficiently than DNA with solely cyclobutane lesions.	Cyclobutanes	96-107	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	19-23
1991475-3	1991	Using one- and two-dimensional NMR, the photoproducts were characterized as cis-syn and trans-syn cyclobutane photodimers.	Cyclobutanes	98-109	synemin	Homo sapiens	94-97
2147025-8	1990	To investigate the structural basis for differential binding of RecA, we have estimated the unwinding of duplex DNA introduced by (6-4) and cyclobutane lesions.	Cyclobutanes	140-151	RAD51 recombinase	Homo sapiens	64-68
2326164-4	1990	The structures obtained show a trans-syn cyclobutane linkage and the glycosidic angles are SYN and ANTI for thymidine and deoxyadenosine, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	41-52	synemin	Homo sapiens	37-40
2356224-2	1990	We have isolated and characterized (1) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer in which a cis-syn linkage occurs between the furan end of one HMT moiety and the pyrone end of the other; (2) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer wherein both HMT moieties are linked at their pyrone ends with probable cis-syn configuration; and (3) an isomer of HMT for which we have proposed a structure in which the furan and pyrone ring oxygens assume a para orientation via photoisomerization.	Cyclobutanes	41-52	synemin	Homo sapiens	82-85
2356224-2	1990	We have isolated and characterized (1) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer in which a cis-syn linkage occurs between the furan end of one HMT moiety and the pyrone end of the other; (2) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer wherein both HMT moieties are linked at their pyrone ends with probable cis-syn configuration; and (3) an isomer of HMT for which we have proposed a structure in which the furan and pyrone ring oxygens assume a para orientation via photoisomerization.	Cyclobutanes	41-52	synemin	Homo sapiens	282-285
2356224-2	1990	We have isolated and characterized (1) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer in which a cis-syn linkage occurs between the furan end of one HMT moiety and the pyrone end of the other; (2) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer wherein both HMT moieties are linked at their pyrone ends with probable cis-syn configuration; and (3) an isomer of HMT for which we have proposed a structure in which the furan and pyrone ring oxygens assume a para orientation via photoisomerization.	Cyclobutanes	180-191	synemin	Homo sapiens	82-85
2356224-2	1990	We have isolated and characterized (1) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer in which a cis-syn linkage occurs between the furan end of one HMT moiety and the pyrone end of the other; (2) a cyclobutane-bridged dimer wherein both HMT moieties are linked at their pyrone ends with probable cis-syn configuration; and (3) an isomer of HMT for which we have proposed a structure in which the furan and pyrone ring oxygens assume a para orientation via photoisomerization.	Cyclobutanes	180-191	synemin	Homo sapiens	282-285
1962858-5	1990	The different reactivities of the syn and anti dimer cation radicals are discussed in terms of through-bond coupling between the n orbitals of N(1) and N(1") involving the cyclobutane-ring sigma orbitals.	Cyclobutanes	172-183	synemin	Homo sapiens	34-37
2326164-4	1990	The structures obtained show a trans-syn cyclobutane linkage and the glycosidic angles are SYN and ANTI for thymidine and deoxyadenosine, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	41-52	synemin	Homo sapiens	91-94
34655494-2	2021	Although modified pyrimidines have been developed to selectively obtain syn cyclobutane isomers, the targeted formation of anti cyclobutane isomers has not been addressed yet.	Cyclobutanes	76-87	synemin	Homo sapiens	72-75
34793935-5	2022	In mice exposed to a single dose UV, topical T-CAR gel (10 microM) significantly reduced UV-induced skin edema and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation.	Cyclobutanes	115-126	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	47-50
34075985-2	2021	However, the control of the conformation to produce syn-head-to-head (syn-HH) cyclobutanes remains a grand challenge.	Cyclobutanes	78-90	synemin	Homo sapiens	52-55
34075985-2	2021	However, the control of the conformation to produce syn-head-to-head (syn-HH) cyclobutanes remains a grand challenge.	Cyclobutanes	78-90	synemin	Homo sapiens	70-73
34337591-4	2021	Reversible tethering of the cyclobutane product to the nanocrystal surface results in near quantitative yield of the syn-trans product.	Cyclobutanes	28-39	synemin	Homo sapiens	117-120
35398885-5	2022	We used the modified comet assay with the repair enzymes hOGG1 and T4endonucleaseV to detect the DNA damage associated with 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers lesions, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	164-175	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	57-62
34137442-4	2021	IGF-I treatment, in the presence of signalling inhibitors, particularly TDRL-505, which targets replication protein A (RPA), impaired activation of IGF-1R downstream signalling, diminished cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal, arrested growth, reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis.	Cyclobutanes	189-200	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34137442-4	2021	IGF-I treatment, in the presence of signalling inhibitors, particularly TDRL-505, which targets replication protein A (RPA), impaired activation of IGF-1R downstream signalling, diminished cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer removal, arrested growth, reduced cell survival and increased apoptosis.	Cyclobutanes	189-200	replication protein A1	Homo sapiens	96-117
547242-6	1979	The photodimers of T-T, P-MAOT and P-AOT were concluded to be two syn-fused cyclobutane- type dimers (cis-syn and trans-syn).	Cyclobutanes	76-87	synemin	Homo sapiens	66-69
3060800-3	1988	To that end, the cloned human N-ras proto-oncogene (pN-ras) was irradiated with UV light (254 nm) which results in the formation of cyclobutane dimers and (6-4) photoproducts and the irradiated DNA was transfected into Rat-2 cells.	Cyclobutanes	132-143	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	30-35
3060800-15	1988	Furthermore, treatment of the irradiated N-ras plasmids with photoreactivating enzyme prior to transfection, which specifically monomerizes cyclobutane dimers but not other photoproducts, reduced the transformation frequency several fold.	Cyclobutanes	140-151	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	41-46
3060800-18	1988	From this result we conclude that cyclobutane dimers, and not (6-4) photoproducts, are the major premutagenic lesions, responsible for the activation of N-ras.	Cyclobutanes	34-45	NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	153-158
3569163-2	1987	These products are cyclobutane type thymine dimers possessing the cis-syn (the predominant one) and trans-syn geometry.	Cyclobutanes	19-30	synemin	Homo sapiens	70-73
35055101-2	2022	Among them, Dewar Valence photo-adducts showed a selectivity index higher than the corresponding pyrimidine-(6-4)-pyrimidone and cyclobutane counterpart and were characterized by the highest affinity towards TOP1/DNA complex as evaluated by molecular docking analysis.	Cyclobutanes	129-140	DNA topoisomerase I	Homo sapiens	208-212
547242-6	1979	The photodimers of T-T, P-MAOT and P-AOT were concluded to be two syn-fused cyclobutane- type dimers (cis-syn and trans-syn).	Cyclobutanes	76-87	synemin	Homo sapiens	106-109
547242-6	1979	The photodimers of T-T, P-MAOT and P-AOT were concluded to be two syn-fused cyclobutane- type dimers (cis-syn and trans-syn).	Cyclobutanes	76-87	synemin	Homo sapiens	106-109
32815721-4	2020	Spin polarized periodic density functional theory (DFT) and non-periodic DFT calculations are deployed to determine the origin of the selectivity for the syn diastereomer of the resultant tetrasubstituted cyclobutane product via atomistic modelling of the CdSe surface and substrates, and determination of the thermodynamic energies of reactions for each step, the intermolecular interactions between the substrates, and the triplet state reaction paths.	Cyclobutanes	205-216	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33522525-2	2021	The trimeric and tetrameric cyclobutane derivatives were reversely achieved by the photoinitiated [2+2] cycloaddition of the CP due to the favorable Schmidt"s distance.	Cyclobutanes	28-39	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	125-127
33356273-2	2021	The [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is a versatile strategy for constructing architecturally interesting, sp3-rich cyclobutane-fused scaffolds with potential applications in drug discovery programs.	Cyclobutanes	114-125	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
32924161-4	2020	Here, we investigated the role of HDAC4 in the NER removal of the main classes of UVB-induced DNA lesions consisting of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4PPs).	Cyclobutanes	120-131	histone deacetylase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
33656308-19	2021	Reconstruction by introduction of various structural elements into the left benzene ring or into the tetramethylene spacer reduced the NMDA receptor inhibition.	Cyclobutanes	101-115	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	135-148
33400525-2	2021	Eventually, MOF products connected by cyclobutane derivatives were formed by the photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction under UV irradiation.	Cyclobutanes	38-49	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	12-15
32938933-2	2020	Despite continuous advances in selective [2 + 2] cycloaddition research, general method for intermolecular photocatalysis of acyclic olefins with specific regio- and diastereoselectivity, for example, syn-head-to-head (syn-HH) cyclobutane derivatives, is still lack of development but highly desired.	Cyclobutanes	227-238	synemin	Homo sapiens	201-204
32938933-2	2020	Despite continuous advances in selective [2 + 2] cycloaddition research, general method for intermolecular photocatalysis of acyclic olefins with specific regio- and diastereoselectivity, for example, syn-head-to-head (syn-HH) cyclobutane derivatives, is still lack of development but highly desired.	Cyclobutanes	227-238	synemin	Homo sapiens	219-222
32082430-3	2020	Upon irradiation at 450 nm, the methoxy-substituted styrylquinolizinium derivatives form the corresponding syn head-to-tail cyclobutanes in a selective [2 + 2] photocycloaddition, as revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the reaction products.	Cyclobutanes	124-136	synemin	Homo sapiens	107-110
31145828-3	2019	For example, CAF-1 deficient leaves tolerate better UV-B radiation, showing lower cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) accumulation, lower inhibition of cell proliferation, increased cell wall thickness, UV-B absorbing compounds, and ploidy levels, whereas previous data from different groups have shown that CAF-1 mutants show shortening of telomeres, loss of 45S rDNA, and increased homologous recombination, phenotypes associated to DNA breaks.	Cyclobutanes	82-93	chromatin assembly factor 1 subunit A	Homo sapiens	13-18
31353768-3	2019	The hexakis-NHC ligands bear cinnamic ester groups at the outlying NHC donors, used in postsynthetic [2+2] cycloaddition reactions linking two hexakis-NHC ligands by three cyclobutane units to give complexes [Ag6 (2 a)](PF6 )6 and [Ag6 (2 b)](PF6 )6 bearing a dodecacarbene ligand.	Cyclobutanes	172-183	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	220-223
31353768-3	2019	The hexakis-NHC ligands bear cinnamic ester groups at the outlying NHC donors, used in postsynthetic [2+2] cycloaddition reactions linking two hexakis-NHC ligands by three cyclobutane units to give complexes [Ag6 (2 a)](PF6 )6 and [Ag6 (2 b)](PF6 )6 bearing a dodecacarbene ligand.	Cyclobutanes	172-183	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	243-246
31720519-7	2019	Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations.	Cyclobutanes	96-108	synemin	Homo sapiens	8-11
31720519-7	2019	Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations.	Cyclobutanes	96-108	synemin	Homo sapiens	177-180
30127008-3	2018	We report the electron cryomicroscopy structure of Pol I in an elongation complex containing a cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) at a resolution of 3.6 A.	Cyclobutanes	95-106	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	51-56
31136186-3	2019	More interestingly, the single-electron transfer enables coupling with energy transfer of the excited fac-Ir(ppy)3 via enone intermediate formed in situ for cyclobutane formation.	Cyclobutanes	157-168	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	102-105
30315713-3	2019	An array of cyclobutanes with high selectivity has been achieved from commercially available aldehydes, ketones (or phosphorus ylide), and olefins with visible-light irradiation of a catalytic amount of (fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato-C2 ,N)iridium) ([Ir(ppy)3 ]) at room temperature.	Cyclobutanes	12-24	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	204-207
28034311-3	2017	A Fe(OTf)3-promoted diastereoselective cationic [2 + 2] cycloaddition and a photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition were featured to construct the cyclobutane core of (+-)-rhodonoids A and B and C12-epi-rhodonoid B, respectively.	Cyclobutanes	143-154	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
29338225-3	2018	In contrast, photolysis in the solid state afforded syn-HH cyclobutane dimers efficiently, which was considerably influenced by the molecular arrangement in the crystal lattice.	Cyclobutanes	59-70	synemin	Homo sapiens	52-55
28398045-1	2017	A series of three short oligomers (di-, tri-, and tetramers) of cis-2-(aminomethyl)cyclobutane carboxylic acid, a gamma-amino acid featuring a cyclobutane ring constraint, were prepared, and their conformational behavior was examined spectroscopically and by molecular modeling.	Cyclobutanes	83-94	suppressor of cytokine signaling 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
25758950-3	2015	A simple and inexpensive first-row catalytic system comprised of [Ni(cod)2 ] and dppf was used in this process, thus constituting an attractive approach to synthetically challenging cyclobutane frameworks under mild reaction conditions.	Cyclobutanes	182-193	COD2	Homo sapiens	69-74