PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
27006677-4	2016	To evaluate the effects of vinpocetine on the activity of human CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, human liver microsomes were utilized to incubate with the mixed CYPs probe substrates and the target components.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	72-78
27006677-4	2016	To evaluate the effects of vinpocetine on the activity of human CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, human liver microsomes were utilized to incubate with the mixed CYPs probe substrates and the target components.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	80-87
27006677-4	2016	To evaluate the effects of vinpocetine on the activity of human CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, human liver microsomes were utilized to incubate with the mixed CYPs probe substrates and the target components.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	89-95
27006677-5	2016	The results indicate that vinpocetine exhibited weak inhibitory effect on the CYP2C9, where the IC50 value is 68.96 muM, whereas the IC50 values for CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 were all over range of 100 muM, which showed that vinpocetine had no apparent inhibitory effects on these CYPs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	26-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	78-84
27006677-5	2016	The results indicate that vinpocetine exhibited weak inhibitory effect on the CYP2C9, where the IC50 value is 68.96 muM, whereas the IC50 values for CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 were all over range of 100 muM, which showed that vinpocetine had no apparent inhibitory effects on these CYPs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	26-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	166-172
27006677-5	2016	The results indicate that vinpocetine exhibited weak inhibitory effect on the CYP2C9, where the IC50 value is 68.96 muM, whereas the IC50 values for CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1 were all over range of 100 muM, which showed that vinpocetine had no apparent inhibitory effects on these CYPs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	26-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	178-184
27006677-6	2016	In conclusion, the results indicated that drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 coadministrated with vinpocetine may require attention or dose adjustment.	Ethyl apovincaminate	91-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	63-69
26513204-3	2016	Moreover, a vinpocetine and muscarinic antagonists inhibited PDE1 located at plasma membranes (PM) fractions from BTSM showing such inhibition, an M(2)AChR pharmacological profile.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-23	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	61-65
26513204-4	2016	Therefore, a novel Ca(2+)/CaM dependent and vinpocetine inhibited PDE1 was purified and characterized at PM fractions from BTSM.	Ethyl apovincaminate	44-55	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	66-70
26513204-6	2016	This PDE1 was stimulated by CaM and inhibited by vinpocetine showing two bands in PAGE-SDS (56, 58 kDa) being the 58 kDa identified as PDE1A by Western blotts.	Ethyl apovincaminate	49-60	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	5-9
26513204-6	2016	This PDE1 was stimulated by CaM and inhibited by vinpocetine showing two bands in PAGE-SDS (56, 58 kDa) being the 58 kDa identified as PDE1A by Western blotts.	Ethyl apovincaminate	49-60	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	135-140
26513204-11	2016	The original finding was the identification and purification of a vinpocetine and muscarinic antagonist-inhibited and CaM-activated PM-bound PDE1A, linked to M(2)AChR.	Ethyl apovincaminate	66-77	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	141-146
26374857-9	2015	In the study published in the latest issue of Clinical Science, Bautista Nino and colleagues have shown that, in cultured senescent human VSMCs, PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA levels are significantly up-regulated and inhibition of PDE1 activity with vinpocetine reduced cellular senescent makers in senescent VSMCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	241-252	phosphodiesterase 1A	Homo sapiens	145-150
26374857-9	2015	In the study published in the latest issue of Clinical Science, Bautista Nino and colleagues have shown that, in cultured senescent human VSMCs, PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA levels are significantly up-regulated and inhibition of PDE1 activity with vinpocetine reduced cellular senescent makers in senescent VSMCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	241-252	phosphodiesterase 1C	Homo sapiens	155-160
26374857-10	2015	Moreover, in the premature aging mice with genomic instability (Ercc1(d/-)), impaired aortic ring relaxation in response to SNP (sodium nitroprusside), an NO (nitric oxide) donor, was also largely improved by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	209-220	excision repair cross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 1	Mus musculus	64-69
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
26334594-6	2015	REG was measured by two bipolar REG amplifiers; time constants (Tc) were 3 and 0.3 s. The vinpocetine injection caused a transient decrease in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and a simultaneous increase in ICP and REG pulse amplitude.	Ethyl apovincaminate	90-101	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
26334594-6	2015	REG was measured by two bipolar REG amplifiers; time constants (Tc) were 3 and 0.3 s. The vinpocetine injection caused a transient decrease in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and a simultaneous increase in ICP and REG pulse amplitude.	Ethyl apovincaminate	90-101	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
26334594-6	2015	REG was measured by two bipolar REG amplifiers; time constants (Tc) were 3 and 0.3 s. The vinpocetine injection caused a transient decrease in systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and a simultaneous increase in ICP and REG pulse amplitude.	Ethyl apovincaminate	90-101	regenerating family member 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
25980587-0	2015	Vinpocetine reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain and neutrophil recruitment in mice by targeting oxidative stress, cytokines and NF-kappaB.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	145-154
25980587-3	2015	Vinpocetine is a nootropic drug widely used to treat cognitive and neurovascular disorders, and more recently its anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation have been described.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	165-174
25980587-6	2015	Vinpocetine (30mg/kg) significantly reduces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a neutrophil marker) in the plantar paw skin, and also inhibits neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) in the peritoneal cavity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	96-111
25980587-6	2015	Vinpocetine (30mg/kg) significantly reduces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a neutrophil marker) in the plantar paw skin, and also inhibits neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) in the peritoneal cavity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	113-116
25980587-6	2015	Vinpocetine (30mg/kg) significantly reduces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a neutrophil marker) in the plantar paw skin, and also inhibits neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) in the peritoneal cavity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	326-335
25980587-6	2015	Vinpocetine (30mg/kg) significantly reduces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a neutrophil marker) in the plantar paw skin, and also inhibits neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) in the peritoneal cavity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	337-345
25980587-6	2015	Vinpocetine (30mg/kg) significantly reduces hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a neutrophil marker) in the plantar paw skin, and also inhibits neutrophil and mononuclear cell recruitment, superoxide anion and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, and cytokine production (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) in the peritoneal cavity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	350-355
25980587-7	2015	At least in part, these effects seem to be mediated by direct effects of vinpocetine on macrophages, since it inhibited the production of the same cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) and the NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	73-84	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	158-167
25980587-7	2015	At least in part, these effects seem to be mediated by direct effects of vinpocetine on macrophages, since it inhibited the production of the same cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) and the NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	73-84	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	169-177
25980587-7	2015	At least in part, these effects seem to be mediated by direct effects of vinpocetine on macrophages, since it inhibited the production of the same cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) and the NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	73-84	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	182-187
25980587-7	2015	At least in part, these effects seem to be mediated by direct effects of vinpocetine on macrophages, since it inhibited the production of the same cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-33) and the NF-kappaB activation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	73-84	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	197-206
25980587-8	2015	Our results suggest that vinpocetine represents an important therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and pain induced by a gram-negative bacterial component by targeting NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-related cytokine production in macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	25-36	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	173-182
25980587-8	2015	Our results suggest that vinpocetine represents an important therapeutic approach to treat inflammation and pain induced by a gram-negative bacterial component by targeting NF-kappaB activation and NF-kappaB-related cytokine production in macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	25-36	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	198-207
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	113-119
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	124-130
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	182-188
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	190-197
28930203-8	2015	Results: Vinpocetine showed a strong inhibition of P-gp (EC50 8 microM) and a moderate inhibition of recombinant CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 (IC50 2.8 and 6.5 microM) with no activity towards CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	202-208
28930203-10	2015	Activation of PXR was observed only at the highest tested concentration of vinpocetine (30 microM) while lower doses were ineffective.	Ethyl apovincaminate	75-86	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	14-17
28930203-11	2015	Conclusion: Strong inhibition of P-gp by vinpocetine is indicative of a possibility of drug interactions by altering the pharmacokinetics of drugs, which are the substrates of P-gp.	Ethyl apovincaminate	41-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
28930203-11	2015	Conclusion: Strong inhibition of P-gp by vinpocetine is indicative of a possibility of drug interactions by altering the pharmacokinetics of drugs, which are the substrates of P-gp.	Ethyl apovincaminate	41-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
25822523-0	2015	Vinpocetine reduces carrageenan-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress, cytokine production and NF-kappaB activation in the paw and spinal cord.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	130-139
25822523-10	2015	Both peripherally and in the spinal cord, vinpocetine also inhibited: antioxidant capacity and GSH depletion; increased superoxide anion; IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels; and NF-kappaB activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	138-146
25822523-10	2015	Both peripherally and in the spinal cord, vinpocetine also inhibited: antioxidant capacity and GSH depletion; increased superoxide anion; IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels; and NF-kappaB activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	151-160
25822523-10	2015	Both peripherally and in the spinal cord, vinpocetine also inhibited: antioxidant capacity and GSH depletion; increased superoxide anion; IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels; and NF-kappaB activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	173-182
25822523-11	2015	As such, vinpocetine significantly reduces inflammatory pain by targeting oxidative stress, cytokine production and NF-kappaB activation at both peripheral and spinal cord levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	116-125
25041941-0	2014	Vinpocetine inhibits amyloid-beta induced activation of NF-kappaB, NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine production in retinal pigment epithelial cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	56-65
25550199-7	2015	NO-induced muscle relaxation was inhibited in longitudinal muscle cells isolated from muscle strips cultured with IL-1beta or TNF-alpha or obtained from the colon of TNBS-treated mice, and this inhibition was completely reversed by the combination of both 1400W and vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	266-277	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	114-122
25549058-8	2014	Vinpocetine improves neuronal plasticity and reduces the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and microglia, by inhibiting the inhibitor of the NF-kappaB pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	223-232
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-155
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	178-187
25041941-6	2014	Cytokine level in the vitreous was assayed using multiplex suspension arrays and revealed significantly lower concentration of MIP-3alpha, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in vinpocetine treated animals.	Ethyl apovincaminate	190-201	C-C motif chemokine ligand 20	Homo sapiens	127-137
25041941-0	2014	Vinpocetine inhibits amyloid-beta induced activation of NF-kappaB, NLRP3 inflammasome and cytokine production in retinal pigment epithelial cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	67-72
25041941-6	2014	Cytokine level in the vitreous was assayed using multiplex suspension arrays and revealed significantly lower concentration of MIP-3alpha, IL-6, IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in vinpocetine treated animals.	Ethyl apovincaminate	190-201	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	177-186
25041941-3	2014	We investigated the role of transcription factor NF-kappaB in the activation of inflammasome in the RPE and the effect of vinpocetine, a dietary supplement with inhibitory effect on NF-kappaBeta.	Ethyl apovincaminate	122-133	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	182-194
25041941-4	2014	ARPE19/NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter cells treated with Abeta demonstrated enhanced NF-kappaB activation that was significantly suppressed by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	142-153	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	7-16
25041941-4	2014	ARPE19/NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter cells treated with Abeta demonstrated enhanced NF-kappaB activation that was significantly suppressed by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	142-153	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	56-61
25041941-4	2014	ARPE19/NF-kappaB-luciferase reporter cells treated with Abeta demonstrated enhanced NF-kappaB activation that was significantly suppressed by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	142-153	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	84-93
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	62-71
25041941-5	2014	Intraperitoneal injection of vinpocetine (15 mg/kg) inhibited NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and reduced the expression and activation of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, IL-18, and TNF-alpha in the RPE of adult rats that received intraocular Alphabeta, as measured by retinal immunohistochemistry and Western blot.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
24903676-0	2014	The anti-seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in rat hippocampus.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	97-105
24903676-0	2014	The anti-seizure drugs vinpocetine and carbamazepine, but not valproic acid, reduce inflammatory IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in rat hippocampus.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
24903676-1	2014	In the present study, the effects of the two classical anti-epileptic drugs, carbamazepine and valproic acid, and the non-classical anti-seizure drug vinpocetine were investigated on the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in the hippocampus of rats by PCR or western blot after the administration of one or seven doses.	Ethyl apovincaminate	150-161	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	232-240
24903676-5	2014	Results show that vinpocetine and carbamazepine reduced the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha from basal conditions, and the increase in both pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
24903676-5	2014	Results show that vinpocetine and carbamazepine reduced the expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha from basal conditions, and the increase in both pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
24819198-12	2014	Vinpocetine significantly abolished HG-induced phosphorylation of Akt and JNK1/2 without affecting their total levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
24819198-13	2014	For downstream targets, HG-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha was significantly inhibited by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	98-109	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	54-66
24819198-14	2014	Vinpocetine also attenuated HG-enhanced expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	54-69
24819198-14	2014	Vinpocetine also attenuated HG-enhanced expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
24819198-15	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vinpocetine attenuated neointimal formation in diabetic rats and inhibited HG-induced VSMCs proliferation, chemokinesis and apoptotic resistance by preventing ROS activation and affecting MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-215
23121080-5	2013	Results show that the increase in DA induced by 3-NPA was inhibited by both 25 muM vinpocetine and 50 muM alpha-tocopherol.	Ethyl apovincaminate	83-94	latexin	Homo sapiens	79-82
24466344-8	2014	The repressive effect of siNOX4 on AVP-induced AQP2 mRNA expression was abolished by the non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and was significantly decreased by selective PDE antagonists cilostamide and rolipram, but not vinpocetine, which respectively target PDE3, PDE4 and PDE1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	267-278	aquaporin 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
24412512-7	2014	In addition, vinpocetine prevented the loss of calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity following ischaemia suggesting it may indirectly regulate intracellular calcium.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	calbindin 2	Homo sapiens	47-57
24412512-7	2014	In addition, vinpocetine prevented the loss of calretinin and parvalbumin immunoreactivity following ischaemia suggesting it may indirectly regulate intracellular calcium.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	parvalbumin	Homo sapiens	62-73
23588551-9	2013	This experimental study demonstrates that vinpocetine improves survival of random skin flaps, promotes neovascularization, and increases VEGF expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
23583194-6	2013	In the present study, we show that vinpocetine significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE knockout mice fed with a high-fat diet.	Ethyl apovincaminate	35-46	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	105-109
23583194-8	2013	Moreover, vinpocetine greatly blocked the induction of ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) in cultured macrophages as well as in the LOX-1 level in atherosclerotic lesions.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1	Mus musculus	55-72
23583194-8	2013	Moreover, vinpocetine greatly blocked the induction of ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) in cultured macrophages as well as in the LOX-1 level in atherosclerotic lesions.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1	Mus musculus	74-79
23583194-8	2013	Moreover, vinpocetine greatly blocked the induction of ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) in cultured macrophages as well as in the LOX-1 level in atherosclerotic lesions.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1	Mus musculus	123-128
23583194-9	2013	Taken together, our data reveal a novel role of vinpocetine in reduction of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, at least partially through suppressing LOX-1 signaling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	48-59	oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1	Mus musculus	148-153
24598438-9	2014	Vinpocetine decreased the levels of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha 24h and 3 days after reperfusion.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
24598438-11	2014	Vinpocetine decreases the expression of NF-kappaB and TNF-alpha and inhibits the inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
24349299-0	2013	Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-kappaB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	22-33	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	88-91
24349299-0	2013	Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-kappaB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	22-33	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	92-101
24349299-0	2013	Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-kappaB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	22-33	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	126-130
24349299-2	2013	In this study, we attempted to investigate whether vinpocetine protected against atherosclerotic development in apoE(-/-) mice and explore the underlying anti-atherogenic mechanisms in macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	51-62	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	112-116
24349299-3	2013	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Vinpocetine markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in apoE(-/-) mice measured by oil red O. Masson"s trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that vinpocetine significantly increased the thickness of fibrous cap, reduced the size of lipid-rich necrotic core and attenuated inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	32-43	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	94-98
24349299-5	2013	Further, active TNF-alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by ox-LDL were attenuated by vinpocetine in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	147-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	16-25
24349299-5	2013	Further, active TNF-alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by ox-LDL were attenuated by vinpocetine in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	147-158	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	27-31
24349299-5	2013	Further, active TNF-alpha, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by ox-LDL were attenuated by vinpocetine in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	147-158	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	33-98
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	95-98
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase	Mus musculus	100-113
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	115-127
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	148-157
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	208-217
24349299-7	2013	Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKalpha/beta, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-kappaB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-71	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	248-251
24349299-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that vinpocetine exerts anti-atherogenic effects through inhibition of monocyte adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which are mediated by Akt/NF-kappaB dependent pathway but independent of PDE1 blockade in macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	40-51	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	191-194
24349299-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that vinpocetine exerts anti-atherogenic effects through inhibition of monocyte adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which are mediated by Akt/NF-kappaB dependent pathway but independent of PDE1 blockade in macrophages.	Ethyl apovincaminate	40-51	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	195-204
22915768-6	2012	In cultured SMCs, vinpocetine dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and caused G1-phase cell cycle arrest, which is associated with a decrease in cyclin D1 and an increase in p27Kip1 levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	155-164
22915768-6	2012	In cultured SMCs, vinpocetine dose-dependently suppressed cell proliferation and caused G1-phase cell cycle arrest, which is associated with a decrease in cyclin D1 and an increase in p27Kip1 levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	184-191
22915768-8	2012	Moreover, vinpocetine significantly reduced PDGF-induced type I collagen and fibronectin expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	77-88
22915768-9	2012	It is noteworthy that PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not protein kinase B, was specifically inhibited by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	166-177	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	57-99
22915768-9	2012	It is noteworthy that PDGF-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), but not protein kinase B, was specifically inhibited by vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	166-177	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
22915768-10	2012	Vinpocetine powerfully attenuated intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, which largely mediates the inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on ERK1/2 activation and SMC growth.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	157-163
22915768-10	2012	Vinpocetine powerfully attenuated intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, which largely mediates the inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on ERK1/2 activation and SMC growth.	Ethyl apovincaminate	142-153	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	157-163
22915768-11	2012	Taken together, our results reveal a novel function of vinpocetine in attenuating neointimal hyperplasia and pathological vascular remodeling, at least partially through suppressing ROS production and ERK1/2 activation in SMCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	55-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	201-207
22874716-0	2011	TSPO-specific ligand vinpocetine exerts a neuroprotective effect by suppressing microglial inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	translocator protein	Mus musculus	0-4
21448596-5	2011	Vinpocetine and piracetam displayed variable effects on regional AChE activity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
22874716-4	2011	Vinpocetine inhibited the production of nitrite oxide and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BV-2 microglia, in which cells were treated with LPS or exposed to OGD, regardless of the time Vinpocetine was added.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	87-104
22874716-4	2011	Vinpocetine inhibited the production of nitrite oxide and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BV-2 microglia, in which cells were treated with LPS or exposed to OGD, regardless of the time Vinpocetine was added.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	106-114
22729609-7	2012	Interestingly, vinpocetine markedly attenuated the activation of Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), but had no effects on MAP kinases pathways.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
22729609-7	2012	Interestingly, vinpocetine markedly attenuated the activation of Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), but had no effects on MAP kinases pathways.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	73-130
22729609-7	2012	Interestingly, vinpocetine markedly attenuated the activation of Akt and signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3), but had no effects on MAP kinases pathways.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	132-137
22841414-0	2012	Evolution of microglial activation in ischaemic core and peri-infarct regions after stroke: a PET study with the TSPO molecular imaging biomarker [((11))C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	155-166	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	113-117
22841414-7	2012	The present observations demonstrate that increased regional microglia activation, as a consequence of stroke, can be visualised with PET, using the TSPO molecular imaging biomarker [((11))C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	191-202	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	149-153
21320609-0	2011	Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	146-157	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
21320609-0	2011	Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	146-157	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	39-59
21320609-0	2011	Age and disease related changes in the translocator protein (TSPO) system in the human brain: positron emission tomography measurements with [11C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	146-157	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	61-65
21320609-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The present data indicate that [(11)C]vinpocetine may serve as a molecular imaging biomarker of the activity of the TSPO system and, consequently, of the up-regulation of microglia during ageing and in neuroinflammatory diseases.	Ethyl apovincaminate	51-62	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	129-133
21320609-13	2011	For this reason, PET studies using [(11)C]vinpocetine, as molecular imaging biomarker, can efficiently visualise the activation of microglia and the up-regulation of TSPO during ageing and in diseased brains with the help of an appropriate inhomogeneity analysis of the radioligand"s brain uptake pattern.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	166-170
22874716-4	2011	Vinpocetine inhibited the production of nitrite oxide and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BV-2 microglia, in which cells were treated with LPS or exposed to OGD, regardless of the time Vinpocetine was added.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	117-121
22874716-4	2011	Vinpocetine inhibited the production of nitrite oxide and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BV-2 microglia, in which cells were treated with LPS or exposed to OGD, regardless of the time Vinpocetine was added.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	156-165
22874716-4	2011	Vinpocetine inhibited the production of nitrite oxide and inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in BV-2 microglia, in which cells were treated with LPS or exposed to OGD, regardless of the time Vinpocetine was added.	Ethyl apovincaminate	265-276	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	156-165
22874716-2	2011	Based on the evidence that the translocator protein (TSPO, 18 kDa) was expressed in activated microglia, while Vinpocetine was able to bind TSPO, we explored the role of Vinpocetine on microglia treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in vitro.	Ethyl apovincaminate	111-122	translocator protein	Mus musculus	140-144
22874716-6	2011	Vinpocetine did not change cell death-related molecules, but inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in LPS-stimulated microglia, indicating that Vinpocetine has an anti-inflammatory effect by partly targeting NF-kappaB/AP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	103-107
21282562-5	2011	PDE1 inhibition with vinpocetine (10 mumol/L) reduced PE-induced contraction in aortas from Ang II rats (E(max)94% +- 12%) but not in controls (154% +- 7%).	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
22874716-6	2011	Vinpocetine did not change cell death-related molecules, but inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in LPS-stimulated microglia, indicating that Vinpocetine has an anti-inflammatory effect by partly targeting NF-kappaB/AP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	227-231
22874716-6	2011	Vinpocetine did not change cell death-related molecules, but inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in LPS-stimulated microglia, indicating that Vinpocetine has an anti-inflammatory effect by partly targeting NF-kappaB/AP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	153-164	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	103-107
22874716-6	2011	Vinpocetine did not change cell death-related molecules, but inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in LPS-stimulated microglia, indicating that Vinpocetine has an anti-inflammatory effect by partly targeting NF-kappaB/AP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	153-164	jun proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	227-231
21282562-6	2011	Vinpocetine decreased the sensitivity to PE in SMA from Ang II rats compared to vehicle (-log of half maximal effective concentration 5.1 +- 0.1 vs 5.9 +- 0.06), but not in controls (6.0 +- 0.03 vs 6.1 +- 0.04).	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
21282562-9	2011	Aortas from Ang II rats displayed increased relaxation to vinpocetine compared to control (E(max)82% +- 12% vs 445 +- 5%).	Ethyl apovincaminate	58-69	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
21282562-10	2011	SMA from Ang II rats showed greater sensitivity during vinpocetine-induced relaxation compared to control (-log of half maximal effective concentration 6.1 +- 0.3 vs 5.3 +- 0.1).	Ethyl apovincaminate	55-66	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
22214714-4	2011	In vitro study RBCs were incubated with: 1) Vinpocetine--inhibitor PDE-1, 10 muM; 2) Rolipram--PDE-4, 10 muM; 3) Isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX)--nonselective PDE inhibitor, 100 muM and with pentoxifylline, 10 muM The cell incubation was performed at 37  C for 15 min.	Ethyl apovincaminate	44-55	WT1 associated protein	Homo sapiens	77-83
20648783-8	2010	Nociception, induced by intraplantar injection of formalin, was mitigated by perineural application of vinpocetine; also formalin-induced expression of c-fos in the ipsilateral, segmentally related superficial dorsal horn, was prevented by this treatment.	Ethyl apovincaminate	103-114	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
20648783-10	2010	It is assumed that the effect of vinpocetine might be related to interaction with membrane-trafficking proteins, such as signalling endosomes and the endocytosis-mediating "pincher" protein, involved in retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF, or to interaction with glial elements, recently reported to be involved in the modulation of pain in the spinal cord.	Ethyl apovincaminate	33-44	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	238-241
20648783-4	2010	Vinpocetine, a derivate of vincamine, which does not interfere with microtubular function, was found to inhibit retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF in peripheral sensory nerves, similarly to vincristin and vinblastin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	147-150
18413267-1	2008	Vinpocetine, a derivative of vincamine, widely used in the clinical pharmacotherapy of cerebral circulatory diseases, inhibits retrograde axoplasmic transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the peripheral nerve, resulting in transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) in the related ipsilateral superficial spinal dorsal horn, as shown in our previous publications.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	183-186
20448200-7	2010	In particular, vinpocetine inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and the subsequent induction of proinflammatory mediators in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and epithelial cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	36-45
20448200-9	2010	Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	40-49
20448200-9	2010	Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
20448200-9	2010	Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	131-139
20448200-9	2010	Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	145-178
20448200-9	2010	Moreover, vinpocetine potently inhibits TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced up-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and decreases interstitial infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a mouse model of TNF-alpha- or LPS-induced lung inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
19680548-4	2009	Treating animals several days after the period of alcohol exposure with a phosphodiesterase type 1 inhibitor (Vinpocetine) increased CREB phosphorylation and restored orientation selectivity columns and neuronal orientation tuning.	Ethyl apovincaminate	110-121	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
17804099-3	2008	Pretreatment with nitroglycerin significantly decreased its vasodilation and depressor effect and the release of CGRP, which was restored in the presence of vinpocetine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase.	Ethyl apovincaminate	157-168	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
17804099-4	2008	The present results suggest that reversal of tolerance to nitroglycerin with vinpocetine is related to the increased release of CGRP in the rat.	Ethyl apovincaminate	77-88	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
18282564-14	2008	Only two compounds of the various phosphodiesterase inhibitors (calmidazolium and vinpocetine) were potent enough to inhibit autotaxin catalytic activity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	82-93	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	125-134
18413267-1	2008	Vinpocetine, a derivative of vincamine, widely used in the clinical pharmacotherapy of cerebral circulatory diseases, inhibits retrograde axoplasmic transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the peripheral nerve, resulting in transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) in the related ipsilateral superficial spinal dorsal horn, as shown in our previous publications.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	162-181
19699735-10	2009	Chronic treatment with vinpocetine also reduced significantly the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity and lactate dehydrogenase levels indicating restorative capacity of vinpocetine with respect to cholinergic functions and preventing the neuronal damage.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	78-98
18413267-2	2008	TDA induced by vinpocetine has been demonstrated to be followed by depletion of the marker enzyme fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) and its isoenzyme thiamine monophosphatase (TMP), and by the decrease in the pain-related neuropeptide substance P from laminae I-II-(III) from the segmentally related, ipsilateral substance of Rolando of the spinal cord.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	159-183
18413267-2	2008	TDA induced by vinpocetine has been demonstrated to be followed by depletion of the marker enzyme fluoride-resistant acid phosphatase (FRAP) and its isoenzyme thiamine monophosphatase (TMP), and by the decrease in the pain-related neuropeptide substance P from laminae I-II-(III) from the segmentally related, ipsilateral substance of Rolando of the spinal cord.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	acid phosphatase 3	Homo sapiens	185-188
18413267-6	2008	We assume that the effect of vinpocetine in blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport of NGF might be related to its interaction with membrane trafficking proteins, such as signalling endosomes and the endocytosis-mediating "pincher" protein.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	88-91
15631851-4	2003	Recently, the protective effect of vinpocetine was demonstrated using in vitro models of oxidative stress induced by the oxidant pair ascorbate/Fe2+ and by synthetic peptides of the AD-associated b-amyloid protein (Abeta).	Ethyl apovincaminate	35-46	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	215-220
18277467-2	2007	This study aimed to investigate the effect of vinpocetine on the acute hepatic injury caused in the rat by the administration of CCl4 in vivo.	Ethyl apovincaminate	46-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
18277467-6	2007	The results showed that vinpocetine administered to CCl4-treated rats decreased the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 49.3, 58.1 and 63.6%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 10.5, 22.6 and 27.2% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 52.5, 59.6 and 64.9%, respectively, and in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
18277467-6	2007	The results showed that vinpocetine administered to CCl4-treated rats decreased the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 49.3, 58.1 and 63.6%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 10.5, 22.6 and 27.2% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 52.5, 59.6 and 64.9%, respectively, and in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-175
18277467-6	2007	The results showed that vinpocetine administered to CCl4-treated rats decreased the elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by 49.3, 58.1 and 63.6%, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) by 10.5, 22.6 and 27.2% and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by 52.5, 59.6 and 64.9%, respectively, and in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
18277467-10	2007	It is concluded that administration of vinpocetine in a model of CCl4-induced liver injury in rats reduced liver damage.	Ethyl apovincaminate	39-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
17146843-5	2007	Of the PDE inhibitors tested, vinpocetine, erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA), vesnarinone, rolipram and dipyridamole decreased hERG currents in a concentration-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	30-41	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	138-142
17146843-6	2007	Vinpocetine and vesnarinone markedly decreased the hERG current with an IC (50)of 0.13 and 20.6 microm, respectively, at comparatively low concentrations.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	51-55
17146843-7	2007	Furthermore, vinpocetine caused a cumulative block of hERG currents.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	54-58
17146843-12	2007	It is concluded that vinpocetine and vesnarinone block the hERG channel directly, and that the inhibitory effect on intracellular PDE in the PKA-dependent pathway may not be involved in the inhibition of hERG currents in hERG transfected CHO-K1 cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	59-63
15910815-2	2005	The resolution of either fenofibrate or vinpocetine and their hydrolysis products has been accomplished by using numerical spectrophotometric methods as partial least squares (PLS-1) and principal component regression (PCR) applied to UV spectra; and graphical spectrophotometric methods as first derivative of ratio spectra (1DD) or first (1D) and second (2D) derivative spectrophotometry for vinpocetine and fenofibrate, respectively.	Ethyl apovincaminate	40-51	plastin 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
16366040-1	2005	The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of apovincaminic acid, the main metabolite of vinpocetine ((3alpha, 16alpha) -eburnamenine-14-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, CAS 42971-09-5), and to assess the average bioequivalence of two immediate release formulations of 10 mg vinpocetine tablets in 24 healthy male volunteers.	Ethyl apovincaminate	111-122	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	188-191
15302227-6	2004	The cAMP degradation by purified bovine brain PDE was partially suppressed by PDE1 inhibitor vinpocetin, PDE2 inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine hydrochloride and PDE4 inhibitor rolipram but not by PDE3 inhibitor cilostamide, and completely inhibited by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, suggesting that is attributed almost exclusively to PDE1, PDE2 and PDE4.	Ethyl apovincaminate	93-103	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	78-82
15302227-9	2004	The cAMP degradation by bovine heart PDE was almost completely inhibited by the combination with vinpocetine and cilostamide, indicating that is mediated almost exclusively by PDE1 and PDE3.	Ethyl apovincaminate	97-108	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	176-180
11699936-0	2001	The nootropic drug vinpocetine inhibits veratridine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	19-30	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
12730276-0	2003	Vinpocetine is a potent blocker of rat NaV1.8 tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
12730276-6	2003	Vinpocetine produced a concentration- and state-dependent inhibition of NaV1.8 sodium channel activity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
12730276-7	2003	Voltage-clamp experiments revealed an approximately 3-fold increase in vinpocetine potency when whole-cell NaV1.8 conductances were elicited from relatively depolarized potentials (-35 mV; IC50 = 3.5 microM) compared with hyperpolarized holding potentials (-90 mV; IC50 = 10.4 microM).	Ethyl apovincaminate	71-82	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
12730276-8	2003	Vinpocetine also produced an approximately 22 mV leftward shift in the voltage dependence of NaV1.8 channel inactivation but did not affect the voltage range of channel activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	93-99
12730276-10	2003	Accordingly, tonic block of NaV1.8 channels by vinpocetine (3 microM) increased proportionally with increasing depolarizing commands over the frequency range 0.1 to 1Hz.	Ethyl apovincaminate	47-58	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	28-34
12730276-11	2003	In summary, the present data demonstrate that vinpocetine is capable of blocking NaV1.8 sodium channel activity and suggest a potential additional utility in various sensory abnormalities arising from abnormal peripheral nerve activity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	46-57	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
11696475-11	2001	In cultured rat aortic VSMCs, angiotensin II (Ang II) increased PDE1A1 activity, and vinpocetine blocked the effect of Ang II on decrease in cGMP accumulation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	85-96	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	119-125
11882389-6	2002	Vinpocetine, an inhibitor of low K(m) PDE1 isotypes, did not alter the response to CRF but enhanced the effect of the combined CRF/AVP stimulus.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
11760783-12	2001	initial clinical data with the PDE 1 inhibitor vinpocetine in patients not responding to standard anticholinergic therapy indicate a possible role for vinpocetine in the treatment of urgency, urge incontinence and, possibly, low compliance bladder and interstitial cystitis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	151-162	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	31-34
11699936-0	2001	The nootropic drug vinpocetine inhibits veratridine-induced [Ca2+]i increase in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	19-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
11699936-3	2001	Since apoptotic and necrotic cell damage is always preceded by an increase in [Ca2+]i, this study investigated the effect of vinpocetine on [Ca2+]i increases in acute brain slices.	Ethyl apovincaminate	125-136	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
11699936-8	2001	Preperfusion and continuous administration of vinpocetine (10 microM) significantly inhibited the elevation in [Ca2+]i induced by veratridine (10 microM).	Ethyl apovincaminate	46-57	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
11699936-11	2001	We have concluded that vinpocetine, at a pharmacologically relevant concentration, can decrease pathologically high [Ca2+]i levels in individual rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; this effect might contribute to the neuroprotective property of the drug.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
11699936-11	2001	We have concluded that vinpocetine, at a pharmacologically relevant concentration, can decrease pathologically high [Ca2+]i levels in individual rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; this effect might contribute to the neuroprotective property of the drug.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
11274974-9	2001	Under the current-clamp mode, vinpocetine (10 microM) decreased the firing rate of spontaneous action potentials induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (10 microM) in GH3 cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	30-41	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	124-153
11454657-4	2001	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, pentoxyfylline, vinpocetine, dipyridamole and zaprinast, which increased the guanosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced injury in astrocytes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	67-78	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	173-176
11454657-4	2001	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, pentoxyfylline, vinpocetine, dipyridamole and zaprinast, which increased the guanosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced injury in astrocytes.	Ethyl apovincaminate	67-78	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	206-209
9284080-7	1997	Rp-cAMPS antagonized the relaxation elicited by forskolin, papaverine and vinpocetine, but not that of rolipram and 8-BrcAMP.	Ethyl apovincaminate	74-85	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	3-8
10880753-11	2000	GD1a-induced increases of IL-6 and IL-10 production in monocytes were both blocked by Ca(2)+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, 8-methoxymethyl-3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and vinpocetin, but not by other signal-transducing enzyme inhibitors.	Ethyl apovincaminate	204-214	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	26-30
10591410-3	1999	Results show that vinpocetine in the low microM range inhibits the elevation of Na(i), the elevation of Ca(i) and the release of glutamate and aspartate induced by veratridine depolarization.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
9845891-0	1998	[Cyclic GMP mimicks potentiation effect of the nootropic agent vinpocetine on the high threshold A-current in the mollusk neurons].	Ethyl apovincaminate	63-74	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	8-11
9618252-11	1998	PDE8A is insensitive (up to 100 microM) to a variety of PDE inhibitors including rolipram, zaprinast, vinpocetine, SKF-94120, and IBMX, but is inhibited (IC50 = 9 microM) by the PDE inhibitor dipyridimole.	Ethyl apovincaminate	102-113	phosphodiesterase 8A	Homo sapiens	0-5
9618252-11	1998	PDE8A is insensitive (up to 100 microM) to a variety of PDE inhibitors including rolipram, zaprinast, vinpocetine, SKF-94120, and IBMX, but is inhibited (IC50 = 9 microM) by the PDE inhibitor dipyridimole.	Ethyl apovincaminate	102-113	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-3
10428803-6	1999	The PDE1C isozyme of betaTC3 cells is sensitive to 8-methoxymethyl isobutylmethylxanthine and zaprinast (IC(50) = 7.5 and 4.5 microM, respectively) and resistant to vinpocetine (IC(50) > 100 microM).	Ethyl apovincaminate	165-176	phosphodiesterase 1C	Mus musculus	4-9
9419816-4	1997	In addition, the enzymatic activity of HSPDE1B1 was inhibited by phosphodiesterase inhibitors with potencies similar to that displayed toward the bovine PDE1 enzymes: IBMX approximately equal to 8-methoxymethyl-IBMX > vinpocetine approximately equal to zaprinast > cilostamide > rolipram.	Ethyl apovincaminate	221-232	phosphodiesterase 1A	Bos taurus	41-45
9284080-2	1997	The effect of Rp-cAMPS on the relaxing effect produced by forskolin, papaverine, vinpocetine, rolipram, Sp-cAMPS and 8-BrcAMP in KCl-induced tonic contraction was also assayed.	Ethyl apovincaminate	81-92	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
8557689-13	1996	Both PDE1C enzymes were inhibited by isobutylmethylxanthine, 8-methoxymethyl isobutylmethylxanthine, zaprinast, and vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	116-127	phosphodiesterase 1C	Homo sapiens	5-10
8864552-4	1996	In guinea-pig ileum, vinpocetine (10-300 microM), zaprinast (1-300 microM) and enprofylline (100-1000 microM) produced a concentration-dependent depression of the maximum response (Emax) to MCh only without effect on the MCh EC50 values (rank order of potency: zaprinast > vinpocetine > enprofylline).	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	oleoyl-ACP hydrolase	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
8864552-4	1996	In guinea-pig ileum, vinpocetine (10-300 microM), zaprinast (1-300 microM) and enprofylline (100-1000 microM) produced a concentration-dependent depression of the maximum response (Emax) to MCh only without effect on the MCh EC50 values (rank order of potency: zaprinast > vinpocetine > enprofylline).	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	oleoyl-ACP hydrolase	Rattus norvegicus	221-224
8864552-7	1996	In the rat ileum, vinpocetine (10-300 microM), zaprinast (0.1-300 microM) and enprofylline (100-1000 microM) caused depression of the MCh maximum contraction (rank order: zaprinast > vinpocetine > enprofylline).	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	oleoyl-ACP hydrolase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
8864552-7	1996	In the rat ileum, vinpocetine (10-300 microM), zaprinast (0.1-300 microM) and enprofylline (100-1000 microM) caused depression of the MCh maximum contraction (rank order: zaprinast > vinpocetine > enprofylline).	Ethyl apovincaminate	186-197	oleoyl-ACP hydrolase	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
33772295-10	2021	VNP improved both the locomotor and cognitive abilities, moreover, VNP exerted a neuroprotective action, as verified histologically and by its inhibitory effects on hippocampal glutamate excitotoxicity, mTOR pathway, and inflammatory and apoptotic parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	67-70	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
1451924-4	1992	Serum alkaline phosphatase and bone osteocalcin concentrations tended to decrease after treatment with vinpocetine compared with before treatment.	Ethyl apovincaminate	103-114	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	36-47
2396997-2	1990	After vinpocetine administration, oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (P50) was significantly increased (26.5 +/- 0.55 to 27.6 +/- 0.62 mmHg; mean and standard deviation, p less than 0.05), red blood cell (RBC) ATP concentrations were significantly increased (846 +/- 168 to 1,158 +/- 130 mumol/l RBC, p less than 0.05), while DPG concentrations were unaltered (4.46 +/- 0.48 to 4.59 +/- 0.57 mmol/l RBC).	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	53-68
33772295-0	2021	New insights into the effects of vinpocetine against neurobehavioral comorbidities in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy via the downregulation of the hippocampal PI3K/mTOR signalling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	33-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
33237143-0	2020	Anti-inflammatory effects of vinpocetine in LPS-stimulated microglia via activation of AMPK.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
33772295-4	2021	This study aimed to examine the modulatory effects of VNP on neurobehavioral comorbidities via the mTOR signalling pathway in a lithium-pilocarpine (Li-Pil) rat model of seizures.	Ethyl apovincaminate	54-57	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
33237143-7	2020	Vinpocetine significantly decreased the generation of nitric oxide-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	61-98
33237143-10	2020	Vinpocetine treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
33237143-11	2020	AMPK inhibition by siRNA blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of vinpocetine induced by LPS in BV2 microglia.	Ethyl apovincaminate	66-77	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
33237143-12	2020	The overall results demonstrate that vinpocetine has anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia via inducing phosphorylation of AMPK, suggesting that vinpocetine is a potential therapeutic agent in neuroinflammatory injury.	Ethyl apovincaminate	37-48	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
33237143-7	2020	Vinpocetine significantly decreased the generation of nitric oxide-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	100-104
33237143-12	2020	The overall results demonstrate that vinpocetine has anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia via inducing phosphorylation of AMPK, suggesting that vinpocetine is a potential therapeutic agent in neuroinflammatory injury.	Ethyl apovincaminate	165-176	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
33237143-7	2020	Vinpocetine significantly decreased the generation of nitric oxide-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2 in a dose-dependent manner.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	107-131
33237143-8	2020	In addition, vinpocetine decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	88-115
33237143-8	2020	In addition, vinpocetine decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-126
33237143-8	2020	In addition, vinpocetine decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	129-147
33237143-8	2020	In addition, vinpocetine decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	152-160
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
35580917-0	2022	Vinpocetine enhances cisplatin sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by reducing the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	95-138
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	doublecortin	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
34415116-8	2021	Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	157-166
34255319-5	2021	RESULTS: Experimental results showed that Vinpocetine could significantly increase aged islets insulin secretion and also make a meaningful reduction in oxidative stress markers.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
34255319-7	2021	TNF-alpha, IL-6, and NF-kappaB expressions were also reduced noticeably after treatment with Vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	93-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
34255319-7	2021	TNF-alpha, IL-6, and NF-kappaB expressions were also reduced noticeably after treatment with Vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	93-104	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	11-15
34255319-7	2021	TNF-alpha, IL-6, and NF-kappaB expressions were also reduced noticeably after treatment with Vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	93-104	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	21-30
34121971-0	2021	Vinpocetine-based therapy is an attractive strategy against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro by targeting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	122-126
34121971-0	2021	Vinpocetine-based therapy is an attractive strategy against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro by targeting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
34121971-2	2021	The purpose of our study was to investigate the pivotal role of "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2" (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant protection of Vin against H2O2 and paracetamol (APAP)-induced liver toxicity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	152-155	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	64-108
34121971-2	2021	The purpose of our study was to investigate the pivotal role of "nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2" (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant protection of Vin against H2O2 and paracetamol (APAP)-induced liver toxicity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	152-155	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
34121971-10	2021	Collectively, Vin effectively protects against H2O2 and APAP-induced cytotoxicity via executing Nrf2-mediated restoration of antioxidative/oxidative balance.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-17	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	96-100
35580917-9	2022	In addition, treatment with vinpocetine suppressed protein expression of Nrf2 and inhibited messenger RNA levels of heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 induced by cisplatin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	28-39	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	73-77
35580917-9	2022	In addition, treatment with vinpocetine suppressed protein expression of Nrf2 and inhibited messenger RNA levels of heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 induced by cisplatin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	28-39	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	116-132
35580917-9	2022	In addition, treatment with vinpocetine suppressed protein expression of Nrf2 and inhibited messenger RNA levels of heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 induced by cisplatin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	28-39	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	137-168
35580917-10	2022	Interestingly, the overexpression of Nrf2 abolished the antiproliferative effects of vinpocetine on NSCLC cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	85-96	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
35580917-12	2022	Vinpocetine enhances cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells in part by suppressing Nrf2 signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-85
35045919-4	2022	The administration of vinpocetine suppressed the increase in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 levels and the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13-cytokines linked to T helper 2 cells in skin tissue.	Ethyl apovincaminate	22-33	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)	Mus musculus	93-97
35045919-4	2022	The administration of vinpocetine suppressed the increase in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 levels and the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13-cytokines linked to T helper 2 cells in skin tissue.	Ethyl apovincaminate	22-33	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	127-145
2569175-1	1989	The effects of idebenone and vinpocetine which reportedly prevent impairment of learning and memory were studied in vitro, on the long-term potentiation of the population spike in the pyramidal layer of CA3 region of slices of hippocampus in the guinea pig.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-40	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	203-206
35451422-7	2022	Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL-10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
35451422-7	2022	Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL-10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
35451422-7	2022	Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL-10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
35451422-7	2022	Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL-10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	143-152
35451422-7	2022	Also, vinpocetine administration significantly increased the levels of BDNF, ratio of pCREB/ CREB, IL-10, and GSH, and significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and TBARS levels in different brain areas.	Ethyl apovincaminate	6-17	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
34706318-7	2022	In addition, the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) and antioxidant (MDA, SOD, TAC) effects in comparison to other combinations.	Ethyl apovincaminate	32-43	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
34706318-7	2022	In addition, the combination of Vinpocetine with EGCG showed more pronounced anti-inflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) and antioxidant (MDA, SOD, TAC) effects in comparison to other combinations.	Ethyl apovincaminate	32-43	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	107-115
2569175-2	1989	Idebenone (10(-9) M-10(-6) M) or vinpocetine (10(-7) M-10(-6) M) significantly augmented long-term potentiation in the mossy fibre-CA3 pyramidal cell system, without any significant changes in population spikes in the absence of tetanic stimulation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	33-44	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	131-134
3193857-5	1988	Intraperitoneal application of vinpocetine (10 mg/kg) 15 min prior to ischemia significantly reduced neuronal cell loss in hippocampal CA 1 sector from 60% to 28%.	Ethyl apovincaminate	31-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
33914833-0	2021	Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	45-82
33914833-0	2021	Vinpocetine alleviates lung inflammation via macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta inhibition in an ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma model.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	100-109
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	263-272
33735117-0	2021	Enhanced anticancer activity by the combination of vinpocetine and sorafenib via PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta signaling axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	51-62	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
33735117-0	2021	Enhanced anticancer activity by the combination of vinpocetine and sorafenib via PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta signaling axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	51-62	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	90-99
33735117-7	2021	In addition, vinpocetine plus sorafenib activates glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) and subsequently inhibits cytoprotective autophagy induced by vinpocetine in HCC cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	50-80
33735117-7	2021	In addition, vinpocetine plus sorafenib activates glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) and subsequently inhibits cytoprotective autophagy induced by vinpocetine in HCC cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	13-24	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	82-91
33735117-8	2021	Meanwhile, overexpression of GSK-3beta was efficient to increase the apoptosis induced by vinpocetine plus sorafenib in HCC cells.	Ethyl apovincaminate	90-101	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	29-38
33735117-9	2021	Our study revealed that vinpocetine plus sorafenib could suppress the cytoprotective autophagy induced by vinpocetine and subsequently show synergistically anti-HCC activity via activating GSK-3beta and the combination of vinpocetine and sorafenib might reverse sorafenib resistance via the PI3K/protein kinase B/GSK-3beta signaling axis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	189-198
33735117-9	2021	Our study revealed that vinpocetine plus sorafenib could suppress the cytoprotective autophagy induced by vinpocetine and subsequently show synergistically anti-HCC activity via activating GSK-3beta and the combination of vinpocetine and sorafenib might reverse sorafenib resistance via the PI3K/protein kinase B/GSK-3beta signaling axis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	313-322
32865810-3	2021	Vin inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent inflammatory responses; however, the effect of Vin on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs has not been reported.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	13-22
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	139-143
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	interleukin 20	Homo sapiens	151-170
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	172-176
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	178-205
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	207-223
32294652-11	2021	RESULTS: Combined administration of vinpocetine and dexamethasone lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, including TLR2, TLR4, interleukin (IL)-20, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, monocyte chemoattractant protein 2, and interferon-induced protein 20, when compared to dexamethasone monotherapy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	36-47	C-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	225-259
33351536-0	2020	Vinpocetine attenuates ischemic stroke through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome expression in mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	58-63
33351536-3	2020	Here, we examined vinpocetine (Vinp), a synthetic drug, playing a neuroprotective role against ischemic stroke in mice through regulating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	138-188
33351536-3	2020	Here, we examined vinpocetine (Vinp), a synthetic drug, playing a neuroprotective role against ischemic stroke in mice through regulating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	190-195
33351536-3	2020	Here, we examined vinpocetine (Vinp), a synthetic drug, playing a neuroprotective role against ischemic stroke in mice through regulating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	31-35	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	138-188
33351536-3	2020	Here, we examined vinpocetine (Vinp), a synthetic drug, playing a neuroprotective role against ischemic stroke in mice through regulating NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	31-35	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	190-195
33351536-8	2020	The experimental results indicated that post-treatment with Vinp decreased cerebral infarct size, improved behavior recover, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression, suppress the transfer of NF-kappaB to nucleus and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in MCAO/R mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-64	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	133-138
33351536-8	2020	The experimental results indicated that post-treatment with Vinp decreased cerebral infarct size, improved behavior recover, reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression, suppress the transfer of NF-kappaB to nucleus and pro-inflammatory cytokines release in MCAO/R mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	60-64	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	189-198
33111936-10	2020	Vinpocetine improved multiple cellular and molecular changes associated with AAA, such as elastin degradation, media smooth muscle cell depletion, collagen fibers remodeling and macrophage infiltration in aneurysmal tissues.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	elastin	Mus musculus	90-97
33111936-11	2020	Vinpocetine potently suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory mediator expression in primary cultured macrophages in vitro, as well as in the aorta wall in vivo, suggesting vinpocetine conferred anti-AAA effect at least partially via the inhibition of inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
33111936-11	2020	Vinpocetine potently suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory mediator expression in primary cultured macrophages in vitro, as well as in the aorta wall in vivo, suggesting vinpocetine conferred anti-AAA effect at least partially via the inhibition of inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	50-59
33111936-11	2020	Vinpocetine potently suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and proinflammatory mediator expression in primary cultured macrophages in vitro, as well as in the aorta wall in vivo, suggesting vinpocetine conferred anti-AAA effect at least partially via the inhibition of inflammation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	202-213	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
33614626-0	2020	Inhibition of PDE1-B by Vinpocetine Regulates Microglial Exosomes and Polarization Through Enhancing Autophagic Flux for Neuroprotection Against Ischemic Stroke.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	phosphodiesterase 1B, Ca2+-calmodulin dependent	Mus musculus	14-20
33614626-5	2020	By an oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) ischemic model in cells, we found that inhibition of PDE1-B by vinpocetine in the microglial cells promoted M2 and inhibited M1 phenotype.	Ethyl apovincaminate	102-113	phosphodiesterase 1B, Ca2+-calmodulin dependent	Mus musculus	92-98
32840391-8	2021	Also, the anti-inflammatory effect of Vinpo was explored by decreasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	38-43	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
32840391-8	2021	Also, the anti-inflammatory effect of Vinpo was explored by decreasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	38-43	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
33202281-0	2021	Vinpocetine ameliorates L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis via Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
33202281-0	2021	Vinpocetine ameliorates L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis via Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
33202281-0	2021	Vinpocetine ameliorates L-arginine induced acute pancreatitis via Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF pathway and inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
33202281-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Vinpo possesses potent ameliorative effects against AP by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory process, and apoptosis through regulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF-alpha pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-17	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
33202281-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Vinpo possesses potent ameliorative effects against AP by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory process, and apoptosis through regulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF-alpha pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-17	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
33202281-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Vinpo possesses potent ameliorative effects against AP by decreasing oxidative stress, inflammatory process, and apoptosis through regulation of the Sirt1/Nrf2/TNF-alpha pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-17	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	172-181
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	anaplastic lymphoma kinase	Mus musculus	120-123
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	127-130
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	257-261
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	292-296
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	annexin A5	Mus musculus	313-322
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	324-327
32578916-8	2020	Vin administration ameliorated liver injury as indicated by decreased liver injury parameters; serum aminotransferases, ALK-P, GGT, and bilirubin, restored the anti-oxidant status by decrease MDA and NOx , and increased GSH and SOD, inhibited inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NFkappaB-p65, and iNOS) and apoptosis (Annexin-V, Bax, and Caspase-3) parameters.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-3	caspase 3	Mus musculus	333-342
32418008-0	2020	Vinpocetine reduces cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of NF-kappaB pathway and activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway in rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
32593544-10	2020	Further, ovariectomy-induced decrease in the extent of phosphorylation of ERalpha in all brain regions was attenuated with the monotherapy of either vinpocetine or PPT.	Ethyl apovincaminate	149-160	estrogen receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-81
32593544-12	2020	However, vinpocetine attenuated the PPT-induced increased level of phosphorylated Akt in discrete brain regions and weight of uterus of these rodents.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
32418008-11	2020	In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we found that vinpocetine can confer protection of rat renal cells by inhibiting the NF-kappaB signaling pathway and activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	56-67	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
31991177-0	2020	The protective and therapeutic effects of vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor, on oxidative stress and learning and memory impairment induced by an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide.	Ethyl apovincaminate	42-53	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	199-204
31991177-6	2020	Vinpocetine ameliorated the Abeta-infused memory deficits in both MWM and PAL tests.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
31991177-2	2020	This study aimed at investigating the therapeutic and preserving effects of vinpocetine on amyloid beta (Abeta)-induced rat model of AD.	Ethyl apovincaminate	76-87	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
31991177-7	2020	Administration of vinpocetine in the Abeta rats increased the discrimination index of the NOR test.	Ethyl apovincaminate	18-29	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
31846839-0	2020	Vinpocetine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates ovariectomy-induced bone loss.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	21-26
31991177-9	2020	Vinpocetine can improve memory and learning impairment following Abeta infusion due to its different properties, including antioxidant effects, which indicates that vinpocetine administration can lead to the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction in AD.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
31991177-9	2020	Vinpocetine can improve memory and learning impairment following Abeta infusion due to its different properties, including antioxidant effects, which indicates that vinpocetine administration can lead to the amelioration of cognitive dysfunction in AD.	Ethyl apovincaminate	165-176	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
32300287-0	2020	Vinpocetine Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Astrocytic Connexin43 via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
32300287-3	2020	This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Vinp against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro and cerebral I/R injury in vivo and explore whether this mechanism would involve enhancement of astrocytic connexin 43 (Cx43) expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	70-74	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	255-266
32300287-3	2020	This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Vinp against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro and cerebral I/R injury in vivo and explore whether this mechanism would involve enhancement of astrocytic connexin 43 (Cx43) expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	70-74	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	268-272
32300287-3	2020	This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Vinp against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury in vitro and cerebral I/R injury in vivo and explore whether this mechanism would involve enhancement of astrocytic connexin 43 (Cx43) expression via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	70-74	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	346-349
32300287-0	2020	Vinpocetine Protects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Targeting Astrocytic Connexin43 via the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
31846839-8	2020	In this study, we found that Vinp significantly inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast and F-actin formation and decreased osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-33	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	58-96
31846839-8	2020	In this study, we found that Vinp significantly inhibited receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast and F-actin formation and decreased osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.	Ethyl apovincaminate	29-33	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	98-103
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	nuclear factor of activated T cells 1	Homo sapiens	76-82
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	84-89
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	135-161
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	163-168
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	175-186
31846839-9	2020	Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	188-192
31846839-10	2020	Vinp reduced activation of NF-kappaB, MAPK, and AKT signaling during osteoclastogenesis and prevented the production of reactive oxygen species with increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	159-202
31846839-10	2020	Vinp reduced activation of NF-kappaB, MAPK, and AKT signaling during osteoclastogenesis and prevented the production of reactive oxygen species with increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-4	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	204-220
31846839-11	2020	Animal experiments consistently demonstrated that Vinp treatment significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss with a decrease in the osteoclast number and decreases in serum levels of RANKL, TRAP, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-54	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	194-199
31846839-11	2020	Animal experiments consistently demonstrated that Vinp treatment significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss with a decrease in the osteoclast number and decreases in serum levels of RANKL, TRAP, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-54	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	207-224
31846839-11	2020	Animal experiments consistently demonstrated that Vinp treatment significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss with a decrease in the osteoclast number and decreases in serum levels of RANKL, TRAP, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	230-257
31846839-11	2020	Animal experiments consistently demonstrated that Vinp treatment significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss with a decrease in the osteoclast number and decreases in serum levels of RANKL, TRAP, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin.	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-54	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	296-311
31755996-0	2019	Personalized medicine: Vinpocetine to reverse effects of GABRB3 mutation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	23-34	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3	Homo sapiens	57-63
31859156-1	2020	A new series of Vinpocetine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity on PDE1A in vitro.	Ethyl apovincaminate	16-27	phosphodiesterase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
31859156-3	2020	Compared with Vinpocetine, these high potency compounds presented a higher binding affinity with PDE1A, which was consistent with inhibitory activity.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	phosphodiesterase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
31755996-7	2019	SIGNIFICANCE: Vinpocetine has potential efficacy in treating patients with this mutation and possibly other GABRB3 mutations or other forms of epilepsy.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3	Homo sapiens	108-114
28691141-5	2018	Vinpocetine treatment did not change the lymphocyte count; however, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell activation was inhibited as seen not only by the increased transcription of IkappaBalpha mRNA but also by the impeded phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha and subsequent induction of pro-inflammatory mediators.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	206-218
31473552-0	2019	Applying vinpocetine to reverse synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 in alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits in rat.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
31473552-0	2019	Applying vinpocetine to reverse synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 in alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits in rat.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
31473552-3	2019	Vinpocetine is a nootropic phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE-1) inhibitor that can reverse ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits by increasing BDNF expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
31473552-4	2019	However, the effects of vinpocetine on alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits via reversing the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 have not been sufficiently studied.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
31473552-4	2019	However, the effects of vinpocetine on alleviating schizophrenia-like deficits via reversing the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 have not been sufficiently studied.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
31473552-11	2019	Vinpocetine could increase the PSD-95 protein level by up-regulating the expression of BDNF.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-37
31473552-11	2019	Vinpocetine could increase the PSD-95 protein level by up-regulating the expression of BDNF.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
31473552-13	2019	CONCLUSION: Vinpocetine can reverse the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 to alleviate schizophrenia-like deficits induced by ketamine in rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
31473552-13	2019	CONCLUSION: Vinpocetine can reverse the synaptic ultrastructure by regulating BDNF-related PSD-95 to alleviate schizophrenia-like deficits induced by ketamine in rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	12-23	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-97
31175888-9	2019	The effects of vinpocetine might be attributed not only to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also to its suppressing effect on GSK3beta activity and its downstream BACE1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	147-155
31175888-9	2019	The effects of vinpocetine might be attributed not only to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but also to its suppressing effect on GSK3beta activity and its downstream BACE1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-189
31257082-2	2019	Here, we report the radiochemical synthesis of [18F]vinpocetine, fluorinated analogue of previously reported TSPO radioligand, [11C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	52-63	translocator protein	Macaca fascicularis	109-113
31257082-2	2019	Here, we report the radiochemical synthesis of [18F]vinpocetine, fluorinated analogue of previously reported TSPO radioligand, [11C]vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	132-143	translocator protein	Macaca fascicularis	109-113
31049025-8	2019	Vinpocetine also restored tissue endogenous antioxidant ability and Nrf2 and Ho-1 mRNA expression and reduced superoxide anion production and gp91phox mRNA expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	68-72
31049025-8	2019	Vinpocetine also restored tissue endogenous antioxidant ability and Nrf2 and Ho-1 mRNA expression and reduced superoxide anion production and gp91phox mRNA expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	77-81
31049025-8	2019	Vinpocetine also restored tissue endogenous antioxidant ability and Nrf2 and Ho-1 mRNA expression and reduced superoxide anion production and gp91phox mRNA expression.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	142-150
31049025-9	2019	We also observed the inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation by vinpocetine, which demonstrates a reduction in the activation of NF-kappaB explaining the diminished production of IL-33, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	63-74	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	35-47
31049025-9	2019	We also observed the inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation by vinpocetine, which demonstrates a reduction in the activation of NF-kappaB explaining the diminished production of IL-33, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	63-74	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	178-183
31049025-9	2019	We also observed the inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation by vinpocetine, which demonstrates a reduction in the activation of NF-kappaB explaining the diminished production of IL-33, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	63-74	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	185-193
31049025-9	2019	We also observed the inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation by vinpocetine, which demonstrates a reduction in the activation of NF-kappaB explaining the diminished production of IL-33, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	63-74	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	199-208
30587983-0	2019	Optimized vinpocetine-loaded vitamin E D-alpha-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-alpha lipoic acid micelles as a potential transdermal drug delivery system: in vitro and ex vivo studies.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	37-46
31516683-12	2019	Indeed, vinpocetine reduced glomerular and renal tubular injury via reduction of inflammatory biomarkers including KIM-1, NGALand Cystatin-c sera levels significantly P < 0.01 compared to gentamicin group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	8-19	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
31516683-12	2019	Indeed, vinpocetine reduced glomerular and renal tubular injury via reduction of inflammatory biomarkers including KIM-1, NGALand Cystatin-c sera levels significantly P < 0.01 compared to gentamicin group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	8-19	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	130-140
30858122-6	2019	KEY FINDINGS: Vinpocetine significantly suppressed the contents of hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) whereas roflumilast normalized them.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-116
30858122-6	2019	KEY FINDINGS: Vinpocetine significantly suppressed the contents of hydroxyproline, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) whereas roflumilast normalized them.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
30858122-11	2019	SIGNIFICANCE: Our study manifested the up-regulation of PDE enzymes (1 & 4) in liver fibrosis and addressed the therapeutic role of vinpocetine and roflumilast as PDEIs through a cAMP-mediated TLR4 inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling pathways.	Ethyl apovincaminate	136-147	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
30858122-11	2019	SIGNIFICANCE: Our study manifested the up-regulation of PDE enzymes (1 & 4) in liver fibrosis and addressed the therapeutic role of vinpocetine and roflumilast as PDEIs through a cAMP-mediated TLR4 inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling pathways.	Ethyl apovincaminate	136-147	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	87-90
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	92-96
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	102-107
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	144-148
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	150-155
30635550-4	2019	Vinpocetine decreased adipogenic cell signaling, including the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3, and adipokine secretion, including IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-alpha.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	161-170
30635550-6	2019	Moreover, vinpocetine increased UCP1 expression via increasing cAMP and PKA phosphorylation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	32-36
30315378-8	2019	RESULTS: Administration of vinpocetine reduced mRNA levels of TLR2/4, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules, MyD88 and NF-kappaB; moreover, it lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
30315378-8	2019	RESULTS: Administration of vinpocetine reduced mRNA levels of TLR2/4, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules, MyD88 and NF-kappaB; moreover, it lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	136-141
30315378-8	2019	RESULTS: Administration of vinpocetine reduced mRNA levels of TLR2/4, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules, MyD88 and NF-kappaB; moreover, it lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	146-155
30315378-8	2019	RESULTS: Administration of vinpocetine reduced mRNA levels of TLR2/4, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules, MyD88 and NF-kappaB; moreover, it lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	233-242
30315378-8	2019	RESULTS: Administration of vinpocetine reduced mRNA levels of TLR2/4, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules, MyD88 and NF-kappaB; moreover, it lowered the expression levels of serum inflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and MCP-1.	Ethyl apovincaminate	27-38	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	247-252
30315378-9	2019	Notably, vinpocetine increased TLR3 mRNA levels, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules TRIF-beta and IRF-3, and serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-8.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	31-35
30315378-9	2019	Notably, vinpocetine increased TLR3 mRNA levels, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules TRIF-beta and IRF-3, and serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-8.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	interferon regulatory factor 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
30315378-9	2019	Notably, vinpocetine increased TLR3 mRNA levels, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules TRIF-beta and IRF-3, and serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-8.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	187-192
30315378-9	2019	Notably, vinpocetine increased TLR3 mRNA levels, as well as protein levels of the downstream signalling molecules TRIF-beta and IRF-3, and serum levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-8.	Ethyl apovincaminate	9-20	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	197-201
30083945-0	2018	Vinpocetine halts ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats: impact on BDNF and GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
30083945-0	2018	Vinpocetine halts ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats: impact on BDNF and GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
30083945-0	2018	Vinpocetine halts ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like deficits in rats: impact on BDNF and GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-113
30083945-12	2018	Vinpocetine also elevated BDNF expression and prevented ketamine-induced stimulation of the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
30083945-12	2018	Vinpocetine also elevated BDNF expression and prevented ketamine-induced stimulation of the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
30083945-12	2018	Vinpocetine also elevated BDNF expression and prevented ketamine-induced stimulation of the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-114
29633103-0	2018	Vinpocetine Ameliorates Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting NF-kappaB Activation in Mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	66-75
29633103-5	2018	Vinpocetine is a nootropic drug and in addition to its antioxidant effect, it is known to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, partly by inhibition of NF-kappaB and downstream cytokines.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	163-172
29633103-7	2018	Treatment with vinpocetine reduced edema, MPO activity, microscopic score and macroscopic damage, and visceral mechanical hyperalgesia.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	42-45
29633103-8	2018	Vinpocetine prevented the reduction of colonic levels of GSH, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and normalized levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	147-152
29633103-9	2018	Moreover, vinpocetine reduced NF-kappaB activation and thereby NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-33 in the colon.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	30-39
29633103-9	2018	Moreover, vinpocetine reduced NF-kappaB activation and thereby NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-33 in the colon.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	63-72
29633103-9	2018	Moreover, vinpocetine reduced NF-kappaB activation and thereby NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-33 in the colon.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	110-118
29633103-9	2018	Moreover, vinpocetine reduced NF-kappaB activation and thereby NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-33 in the colon.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	120-129
29633103-9	2018	Moreover, vinpocetine reduced NF-kappaB activation and thereby NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-33 in the colon.	Ethyl apovincaminate	10-21	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	135-140
28691141-5	2018	Vinpocetine treatment did not change the lymphocyte count; however, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell activation was inhibited as seen not only by the increased transcription of IkappaBalpha mRNA but also by the impeded phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha and subsequent induction of pro-inflammatory mediators.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	283-295
29113305-0	2017	Vinpocetine alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	78-82
28843828-7	2017	Renal nephrin and podocin contents were increased and their mRNA expressions were replenished in vinpocetine-treated rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	97-108	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Rattus norvegicus	6-13
28843828-7	2017	Renal nephrin and podocin contents were increased and their mRNA expressions were replenished in vinpocetine-treated rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	97-108	NPHS2 stomatin family member, podocin	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
29113305-0	2017	Vinpocetine alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	83-88
29113305-0	2017	Vinpocetine alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	89-98
29113305-3	2017	Vinpocetine is a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	107-116
29113305-4	2017	However, the effects of vinpocetine on pathways upstream of NF-kappaB signaling, such as TLR4, have not been fully elucidated.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	60-69
29113305-9	2017	Interestingly, vinpocetine exerted a neuroprotective effect on the mouse MCAO model and cell-based OGD model by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release through the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, independent of TRIF signaling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	123-127
29113305-9	2017	Interestingly, vinpocetine exerted a neuroprotective effect on the mouse MCAO model and cell-based OGD model by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release through the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, independent of TRIF signaling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	220-225
29113305-9	2017	Interestingly, vinpocetine exerted a neuroprotective effect on the mouse MCAO model and cell-based OGD model by inhibiting TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses and decreasing proinflammatory cytokine release through the MyD88-dependent signaling pathway, independent of TRIF signaling pathway.	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 2	Mus musculus	270-274
29113305-11	2017	Vinpocetine may inhibit inflammatory responses through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, independent of TRIF-mediated inflammatory responses.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	59-63
29113305-11	2017	Vinpocetine may inhibit inflammatory responses through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, independent of TRIF-mediated inflammatory responses.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88	Mus musculus	64-69
29113305-11	2017	Vinpocetine may inhibit inflammatory responses through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, independent of TRIF-mediated inflammatory responses.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	70-79
27614144-11	2017	Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase was increased, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor was decreased, in the PFC of vinpocetine-treated ethanol-exposed rats, and phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase beta and synaptophysin were increased in the DH of these rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	131-142	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-101
28315429-0	2017	Vinpocetine reduces diclofenac-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of oxidative stress, apoptosis, cytokine production, and NF-kappaB activation in mice.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	135-144
28315429-10	2017	In the kidneys, vinpocetine inhibited diclofenac-induced oxidative stress, morphological changes, apoptosis, cytokine production, and NF-kappaB activation.	Ethyl apovincaminate	16-27	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	134-143
27614144-11	2017	Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase was increased, whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor was decreased, in the PFC of vinpocetine-treated ethanol-exposed rats, and phosphorylated-glycogen synthase kinase beta and synaptophysin were increased in the DH of these rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	131-142	synaptophysin	Rattus norvegicus	226-239
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	CD40 antigen	Mus musculus	79-83
28321644-4	2017	The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinpocetine on pathological cardiac remodeling induced by chronic stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II).	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-61	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	133-147
28321644-4	2017	The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinpocetine on pathological cardiac remodeling induced by chronic stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II).	Ethyl apovincaminate	50-61	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	149-155
28321644-5	2017	METHODS: Mice received Ang II infusion via osmotic pumps in the presence of vehicle or vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	87-98	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	23-29
28321644-8	2017	RESULTS: We showed that chronic Ang II infusion caused cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were all significantly attenuated by systemic administration of vinpocetine.	Ethyl apovincaminate	159-170	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	32-38
28321644-9	2017	In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, vinpocetine suppressed Ang II-stimulated myocyte hypertrophic growth.	Ethyl apovincaminate	40-51	angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8)	Mus musculus	63-69
28321644-10	2017	In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, vinpocetine suppressed TGFbeta-induced fibroblast activation and matrix gene expression, consistent with its effect in attenuating cardiac fibrosis.	Ethyl apovincaminate	33-44	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	56-63
28321644-11	2017	The effects of vinpocetine on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast activation are likely mediated by targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1).	Ethyl apovincaminate	15-26	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Mus musculus	117-154
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	CD80 antigen	Mus musculus	85-89
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	95-99
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	translocator protein	Mus musculus	140-160
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	21-32	translocator protein	Mus musculus	162-166
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	194-205	translocator protein	Mus musculus	140-160
27967259-5	2017	Our data showed that vinpocetine significantly downregulated the expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 on pDCs and increased the expression of translocator protein (TSPO), the specific receptor of vinpocetine, in pDCs.	Ethyl apovincaminate	194-205	translocator protein	Mus musculus	162-166
27967259-6	2017	Vinpocetine significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway and reduced the secretion of related cytokines in pDCs through TSPO.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	toll-like receptor 9	Mus musculus	40-60
27967259-6	2017	Vinpocetine significantly inhibited the Toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway and reduced the secretion of related cytokines in pDCs through TSPO.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	translocator protein	Mus musculus	142-146
27899287-5	2017	We found that vinpocetine pre-treatment reduced cation channel permeability and apoptotic marker immunoreactivity in the GCL and increased parvalbumin immunoreactivity of inner retinal neurons in the inner nuclear layer following ischemic insult.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	germ cell-less 2, spermatogenesis associated	Homo sapiens	121-124
28296551-0	2017	The ameliorative effects of vinpocetine on apoptosis and HSP-70 expression in testicular torsion in rats.	Ethyl apovincaminate	28-39	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
28296551-9	2017	Vinpocetine ameliorated testicular histopathology and HSP-70 expression in the T/D + vinpocetine group.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
27899287-5	2017	We found that vinpocetine pre-treatment reduced cation channel permeability and apoptotic marker immunoreactivity in the GCL and increased parvalbumin immunoreactivity of inner retinal neurons in the inner nuclear layer following ischemic insult.	Ethyl apovincaminate	14-25	parvalbumin	Homo sapiens	139-150
27206668-10	2016	Similarly, proapoptotic protein bax and ROS production significantly decreased in cells after incubation with vinpocetine (p = 0.01) or VIP in the presence of Mn (p < 0.001).	Ethyl apovincaminate	110-121	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	32-35
28171546-10	2016	The approved clinical drugs guanfacine and vinpocetine, which inhibit CYP1A1 and NF-kappaB, respectively, significantly inhibited LEC barrier breaching in vitro indicating an option to reduce metastatic dissemination.	Ethyl apovincaminate	43-54	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	70-76
28171546-10	2016	The approved clinical drugs guanfacine and vinpocetine, which inhibit CYP1A1 and NF-kappaB, respectively, significantly inhibited LEC barrier breaching in vitro indicating an option to reduce metastatic dissemination.	Ethyl apovincaminate	43-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	81-90
27589055-4	2016	Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	ATHS	Homo sapiens	131-134
27589055-4	2016	Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	145-156
27589055-4	2016	Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	175-180
27589055-4	2016	Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule.	Ethyl apovincaminate	24-35	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
27589055-5	2016	Vinpocetine, binding to translocation protein, induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase and Akt and thus inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B into the nucleus.	Ethyl apovincaminate	0-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117