PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
4817087-1	1974	The ketone body peak around midnight and its relationship to free fatty acids, glycerol, insulin, growth hormone and glucose in serum and plasma.	Ketones	4-10	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
4817087-1	1974	The ketone body peak around midnight and its relationship to free fatty acids, glycerol, insulin, growth hormone and glucose in serum and plasma.	Ketones	4-10	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	98-112
4729504-9	1973	These measurements of ketone body formation, together with assays of individual enzymes of the ketogenic pathway, show that thiolase, HMGCoA synthase, and HMGCoA cleavage enzyme are localized in the matrix of the inner membrane-matrix particles.	Ketones	22-28	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-149
4729504-10	1973	The rates of ketone body formation indicate that the HMGCoA synthase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the pathway in subfractions of high matrix content.	Ketones	13-19	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-68
4660693-0	1972	[Relation of the radiation-protective and methemoglobin-forming action of a liphatio-aromatic and aromatic ketones to their chemical structures].	Ketones	107-114	hemoglobin subunit gamma 2	Homo sapiens	42-55
5574674-0	1971	Cerebral extraction of ketones and their penetration into CSF in the dog.	Ketones	23-30	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	58-61
4993858-7	1971	In seven of the normal dogs, administration of insulin and glucose increased removal of the infused ketones and increased the fraction of (14)C appearing in respiratory CO(2).	Ketones	100-107	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	47-54
4993858-8	1971	These results demonstrate that utilization of ketones in extrahepatic tissues is influenced by insulin; impaired utilization contributes to diabetic ketosis and is probably essential to the production of severe ketoacidosis.	Ketones	46-53	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	95-102
5548530-0	1971	Ketone body, free fatty acid, and glucose concentrations in "maturity" and "juvenile" diabetics after insulin.	Ketones	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
4940073-0	1970	Evidence for a stimulatory effect of ketone bodies on insulin secretion in man.	Ketones	37-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
4976607-0	1969	Effect of ketones on plasma growth hormone concentrations.	Ketones	10-17	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	28-42
5923529-0	1966	Short-term effects of ovine growth hormone on plasma glucose, free fatty acids and ketones in sheep.	Ketones	83-90	somatotropin	Ovis aries	28-42
6009579-2	1966	Effects of sulfonylureas, biguanides and insulin on the concentration of blood ketone bodies and pyruvate in diabetics].	Ketones	79-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
4221104-0	1966	Factors influencing the utilization of ketone bodies by mouse adipose tissue.	Ketones	39-45	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	62-69
4221104-1	1966	Factors influencing the utilization of ketone bodies by mouse adipose tissue in vitro were studied.	Ketones	39-45	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	62-69
4221104-9	1966	The relationship of ketone body metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue is discussed.	Ketones	20-26	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	62-69
17748118-0	1965	Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Application to Proof of Structure of Organic Ketones.	Ketones	83-90	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
13779970-0	1961	Aldehyde-ketone isomerization activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase.	Ketones	9-15	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	48-69
19992415-8	1941	As soon as carbohydrate is insufficiently available for the needs of metabolism, depot fat flows to the liver and is there catabolized to ketone bodies which recent proof has shown to be burned peripherally in the muscles independent of carbohydrate metabolism.	Ketones	138-144	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	87-90
33957085-9	2021	Besides, when compared with non-SGLT2i control group, the insulin level decreased (WMD, -2.78 muU/ml; 95% CI, -5.11 to -0.46 muU/ml, P=0.02) and ketone body level increased (WMD, 0.17 mmol/l; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.25 mmol/l, P<0.01) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Ketones	145-151	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
33404998-0	2021	Beneficial effects on kidney during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: proposed role of ketone utilization.	Ketones	111-117	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	51-81
33404998-1	2021	Modestly elevated circulating levels of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB) during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause different beneficial effects on organs and cells, depending on the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) level.	Ketones	44-50	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	104-134
33404998-1	2021	Modestly elevated circulating levels of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB) during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause different beneficial effects on organs and cells, depending on the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) level.	Ketones	44-50	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	136-141
33404998-1	2021	Modestly elevated circulating levels of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB) during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause different beneficial effects on organs and cells, depending on the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) level.	Ketones	44-50	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	227-266
33404998-1	2021	Modestly elevated circulating levels of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB) during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause different beneficial effects on organs and cells, depending on the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) level.	Ketones	44-50	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	268-272
33857328-0	2021	Can ketone bodies inactivate coronavirus spike protein?	Ketones	4-10	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	41-46
34024503-9	2021	RESULTS: The total AUCs for insulin and C-peptide were significantly higher after ketone supplementation in individuals with high intra-pancreatic fat deposition, skeletal muscle fat deposition, and subcutaneous fat volume; and low visceral fat volume and intra-hepatic fat deposition.	Ketones	82-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
33996180-2	2021	HMGCL catalyzes the final step of leucine degradation and plays a key role in ketone body formation.	Ketones	78-84	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	0-5
33652071-8	2021	These findings indicate that CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 play a major role in the transformation of carfentanil to M1 (norcarfentanil), M11, M13 and M15 through N-dealkylation of piperidine ring, hydroxylation of phenethyl group and ketone formation on phenethyl linker by human liver micrsomes.	Ketones	239-245	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	29-35
33652071-8	2021	These findings indicate that CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 play a major role in the transformation of carfentanil to M1 (norcarfentanil), M11, M13 and M15 through N-dealkylation of piperidine ring, hydroxylation of phenethyl group and ketone formation on phenethyl linker by human liver micrsomes.	Ketones	239-245	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
33652071-8	2021	These findings indicate that CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 play a major role in the transformation of carfentanil to M1 (norcarfentanil), M11, M13 and M15 through N-dealkylation of piperidine ring, hydroxylation of phenethyl group and ketone formation on phenethyl linker by human liver micrsomes.	Ketones	239-245	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	45-51
33652071-8	2021	These findings indicate that CYP3A5, CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 play a major role in the transformation of carfentanil to M1 (norcarfentanil), M11, M13 and M15 through N-dealkylation of piperidine ring, hydroxylation of phenethyl group and ketone formation on phenethyl linker by human liver micrsomes.	Ketones	239-245	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	56-62
34021044-1	2021	When stable and near-normoglycemic, "A-beta+" Ketosis-Prone Diabetes (KPD) patients manifest accelerated leucine catabolism and blunted ketone oxidation, which may underlie their proclivity to develop diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).To understand metabolic derangements in A-beta+ KPD patients during DKA, we compared serum metabolomic profiles of adults during acute hyperglycemic crises, without (n=21) or with (n=74) DKA, and healthy controls (n=17).	Ketones	136-142	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	37-43
33896795-0	2021	Capillary Ketone Concentrations at the Time of Colonoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study With Implications for SGLT2 Inhibitor-Treated Type 2 Diabetes.	Ketones	10-16	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	106-111
33749495-8	2021	Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, the soy isoflavone genistein, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, and ketone bodies can down-regulate NF-kappaB activation.	Ketones	109-115	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	66-70
33749495-8	2021	Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, the soy isoflavone genistein, the AMPK activator berberine, glucosamine, and ketone bodies can down-regulate NF-kappaB activation.	Ketones	109-115	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	141-150
33682997-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The use of bovine milk fat in IF does neither affect postprandial energy metabolism nor lipemic response in healthy adults, but alters postprandial FA profiles and ketone metabolism.	Ketones	177-183	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	36-39
33902174-11	2022	The correlations of SCS to fat, casein, nonfat solids, urea, citric acid, acetone and ketones contents were very low and not significant.	Ketones	86-93	SCS	Bos taurus	20-23
33512450-9	2021	We discuss potential mechanisms through which SGLT2-inhibitors improve retinal hypoxia - through ketone bodies which are energetically as efficient as glucose and yield more ATP per molecule of oxygen consumed than fat, along with less oxidative stress.	Ketones	97-103	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
33935811-5	2021	Here we show that the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), which transports ketone bodies such as betaOHB across membranes of various cell types, is involved in FAA.	Ketones	77-83	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	22-51
33935811-5	2021	Here we show that the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (Mct1), which transports ketone bodies such as betaOHB across membranes of various cell types, is involved in FAA.	Ketones	77-83	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	53-57
33935811-8	2021	Our observations suggest an important role of ketone bodies and its transporter Mct1 in FAA under caloric and temporal food restriction.	Ketones	46-52	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	80-84
33241621-5	2021	Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that a rare enantioselective eta 2 -coordinating activation of ketone carbonyls is involved.	Ketones	103-109	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	69-74
33713009-7	2022	The regulation of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy status including carbohydrates, fatty acids (FA), amino acids and ketones, ATP transfer to the cytoplasm, and mitochondrial functional status have received extensive attention in HF, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear.	Ketones	119-126	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
33977048-0	2021	Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via Receptor Gpr109a-Mediated Calcium Influx.	Ketones	0-6	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	71-78
33127092-5	2021	In addition, correlation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APOA1 gene with blood ketone characters, and activity of APOA1 promoter were analyzed in dairy cows.	Ketones	96-102	apolipoprotein A1	Bos taurus	74-79
33748705-5	2021	By constructing and evaluating the trans-omic network controlling the differences in metabolic reactions between fasted wild-type and ob/ob mice, we provided potential mechanisms of the obesity-associated dysfunctions of metabolic cycles between liver and skeletal muscle involving glucose-alanine, glucose-lactate, and ketone bodies.	Ketones	320-326	leptin	Mus musculus	134-136
33748705-5	2021	By constructing and evaluating the trans-omic network controlling the differences in metabolic reactions between fasted wild-type and ob/ob mice, we provided potential mechanisms of the obesity-associated dysfunctions of metabolic cycles between liver and skeletal muscle involving glucose-alanine, glucose-lactate, and ketone bodies.	Ketones	320-326	leptin	Mus musculus	137-139
33135362-1	2021	Aiming at the identification of new hGAT3 inhibitors, oxime libraries comprising a total of more than 1100 compounds were generated by reaction of various aldehyde and ketone libraries with hydroxylamines that comprised isoserine, 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric or nipecotic acid subunits.	Ketones	168-174	solute carrier family 6 member 11	Homo sapiens	36-41
33651228-9	2021	SGLT2i treatment was associated with a significantly higher rate of ketone-related SAEs and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at 52 weeks.	Ketones	68-74	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
33347826-4	2021	The observed decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway correlated well with an increase in transcripts involved in generation and trafficking of ketone bodies as evident by the upregulation of Bdh1 and Slc16a6 transcripts.	Ketones	148-154	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	196-200
33347826-4	2021	The observed decrease in cholesterol biosynthesis pathway correlated well with an increase in transcripts involved in generation and trafficking of ketone bodies as evident by the upregulation of Bdh1 and Slc16a6 transcripts.	Ketones	148-154	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 6	Mus musculus	205-212
33150980-0	2021	A Fast and General Route to Ketones from Amides and Organolithium Compounds under Aerobic Conditions: Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects.	Ketones	28-35	Fas activated serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	2-6
33557073-4	2021	cer3-6, a known Arabidopsis wax-deficient mutant (with distinct reduction in aldehydes, n-alkanes, secondary n-alcohols, and ketones compared to wild type (WT)), was most sensitive to water loss, while dewax, a known wax overproducer (greater alkanes and ketones compared to WT), was more resistant to dehydration compared to WT.	Ketones	125-132	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
33557073-4	2021	cer3-6, a known Arabidopsis wax-deficient mutant (with distinct reduction in aldehydes, n-alkanes, secondary n-alcohols, and ketones compared to wild type (WT)), was most sensitive to water loss, while dewax, a known wax overproducer (greater alkanes and ketones compared to WT), was more resistant to dehydration compared to WT.	Ketones	255-262	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
33433538-0	2021	Experimental and theoretical investigation of the reactivity of [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){eta2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] towards selected ketones.	Ketones	117-124	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	78-82
33433538-1	2021	In this work, we report a new type of reactivity of [(BDI*)Ti(Cl){eta2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] (1) towards ketones (BDI* = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl-beta-methyldiketiminate ligand).	Ketones	100-107	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	66-70
33348175-2	2021	Several mint ketones have demonstrated to act on GABAA receptors (GABAA-R), a transmembrane channel target of several important insecticides whose activity can be modulated by surface-active compounds and by changes in the physical properties of the lipid membrane.	Ketones	13-20	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	8-12
33074729-0	2021	Impact of Acutely Increased Endogenous- and Exogenous Ketone Bodies on FGF21 Levels in Humans.	Ketones	54-60	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	71-76
33074729-4	2021	We aim to study the acute effects of ketone bodies on circulating FGF21 levels in humans.	Ketones	37-43	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	66-71
33108630-0	2021	Ketone Metabolite beta-Hydroxybutyrate Ameliorates Inflammation After Spinal Cord Injury by Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome.	Ketones	0-6	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
33108630-1	2021	Ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be beneficial in a range of neurological disorders, with ketone metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB) reported to block the nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in bone marrow-derived macrophages.	Ketones	95-101	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	249-254
33320838-0	2021	Ketogenic diet and ketone bodies enhance the anticancer effects of PD1 blockade.	Ketones	19-25	programmed cell death 1	Mus musculus	67-70
33966187-4	2021	Ketone bodies are known to be used efficiently by the brain, and metabolism of ketone bodies is associated with increased cytosolic succinate levels that inhibits prolyl hydroxylases allowing HIF1alpha to accumulate.	Ketones	0-6	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	192-201
33966187-4	2021	Ketone bodies are known to be used efficiently by the brain, and metabolism of ketone bodies is associated with increased cytosolic succinate levels that inhibits prolyl hydroxylases allowing HIF1alpha to accumulate.	Ketones	79-85	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	192-201
33574765-0	2020	Ketones for Post-exercise Recovery: Potential Applications and Mechanisms.	Ketones	0-7	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	12-16
33574765-4	2020	Moreover, these early data from exercise physiology studies suggested that exogenous ketones may play a more prominent role in post-exercise recovery, leading to a more pronounced cumulative impact over subsequent exercise performance.	Ketones	85-92	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	127-131
33493134-2	2021	AKR1C3 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3) and AKR1D1 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and play crucial roles in multiple cancers.	Ketones	141-148	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	Homo sapiens	0-6
33493134-2	2021	AKR1C3 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3) and AKR1D1 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and play crucial roles in multiple cancers.	Ketones	141-148	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	Homo sapiens	8-46
33493134-2	2021	AKR1C3 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3) and AKR1D1 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and play crucial roles in multiple cancers.	Ketones	141-148	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1	Homo sapiens	52-58
33493134-2	2021	AKR1C3 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3) and AKR1D1 (Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1) catalyze the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols and play crucial roles in multiple cancers.	Ketones	141-148	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1	Homo sapiens	60-98
33553236-0	2020	Exogenous Ketones Lower Post-exercise Acyl-Ghrelin and GLP-1 but Do Not Impact Ad libitum Energy Intake.	Ketones	10-17	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	55-60
33354110-5	2020	Ketones, specifically R-betaHB, modulates intracellular signaling cascades such as the cellular redox ratios of NAD+/NADH, the activity of NAD dependent deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT3, and promotes a robust mitochondrial environment which favors reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation.	Ketones	0-7	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	166-171
33354110-5	2020	Ketones, specifically R-betaHB, modulates intracellular signaling cascades such as the cellular redox ratios of NAD+/NADH, the activity of NAD dependent deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT3, and promotes a robust mitochondrial environment which favors reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation.	Ketones	0-7	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	176-181
34046612-5	2021	Reductive amination of ketone 9 stereoselectively provided secondary amines cis-4, which were methylated to afford tertiary amines cis-5.	Ketones	23-29	suppressor of cytokine signaling 6	Homo sapiens	76-81
32665641-5	2020	Additional mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors that might be beneficial include a reduction in adipose tissue-mediated inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a shift towards ketone bodies as the metabolic substrate for the heart and kidneys, reduced oxidative stress, lowered serum uric acid level, reduced glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria, and suppression of advanced glycation end-product signalling.	Ketones	185-191	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	25-30
32542680-7	2020	Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.	Ketones	293-300	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
32542680-7	2020	Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.	Ketones	293-300	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
32542680-7	2020	Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.	Ketones	293-300	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	61-73
32542680-7	2020	Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.	Ketones	293-300	cytochrome P450, family 96, subfamily A, polypeptide 15	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-83
32542680-7	2020	Genetic interaction analyses with CER1 (ECERIFERUM 1), CER3 (ECERIFERUM 3) and MAH1 (Mid-chain Alkane Hydroxylase 1) in wax biosynthesis and stomatal OCL formation showed that OSP1 may act upstream of CER3 in wax biosynthesis, and implicate that wax composition percentage changes and keeping ketones in a lower level play roles, at least partially, in forming stomatal ledges.	Ketones	293-300	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	201-205
32157856-10	2020	Case 2: In a male case with PTEN mutation (p.G132V (c.395G>T), Persistent NkHH has appeared at 16 years of age (fasting BG: 27 mg/dl, fasting insulin1.5 mmol/L, while ketone negative).	Ketones	167-173	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	28-32
33230620-5	2020	Glucosuria induced by the SGLT2 inhibitors leads to increased ketone production.	Ketones	62-68	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	26-31
32597927-14	2020	Ketone concentrations and cognitive performance differed between APOE epsilon4(+) and APOE epsilon4(-) participants, indicating a delayed response among the former and an improved response among the latter.	Ketones	0-6	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	65-69
32597927-14	2020	Ketone concentrations and cognitive performance differed between APOE epsilon4(+) and APOE epsilon4(-) participants, indicating a delayed response among the former and an improved response among the latter.	Ketones	0-6	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	86-90
33187118-4	2020	In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the role of carbohydrate restriction and physiological elevations in ketone bodies directly on pancreatic islet health, islet hormone secretion, and insulin sensitivity.	Ketones	147-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
33193867-0	2020	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 69, Revision 1 (FGE.69Rev1): consideration of aromatic substituted secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (57th meeting), structurally related to aromatic ketones from chemical group 21 evaluated by EFSA in FGE.16Rev2.	Ketones	232-239	sulfatase modifying factor 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
32968947-4	2020	It is, however, well known that SGLT2 inhibitors increase blood ketone bodies, which have been suggested to have sympatho-suppressive effects.	Ketones	64-70	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
32449837-0	2020	Gem-diols-type intermediate of Ketone Activation on Sn-beta Zeolite as Studied by Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy.	Ketones	31-37	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	52-59
32072637-0	2020	Potentially functional genetic variants in PLIN2, SULT2A1 and UGT1A9 genes of the ketone pathway and survival of nonsmall cell lung cancer.	Ketones	82-88	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
32372418-1	2020	A series of donor/acceptor chromophores 1d-3d containing two types of photoresponsive motifs, namely an electron-deficient BF2-chelated ketone fused with an electron-rich thiophene have been synthesized and their photochromic performance are investigated.	Ketones	136-142	forkhead box G1	Homo sapiens	123-126
32072637-0	2020	Potentially functional genetic variants in PLIN2, SULT2A1 and UGT1A9 genes of the ketone pathway and survival of nonsmall cell lung cancer.	Ketones	82-88	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	50-57
32072637-0	2020	Potentially functional genetic variants in PLIN2, SULT2A1 and UGT1A9 genes of the ketone pathway and survival of nonsmall cell lung cancer.	Ketones	82-88	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A9	Homo sapiens	62-68
31753852-9	2020	The effect of ketone bodies on gut peptide secretion in EECs showed a ~40% inhibition of GLP-1 release compared with baseline.	Ketones	14-20	glucagon	Mus musculus	89-94
32958021-4	2020	One of the ketone bodies produced as a result of ketogenesis, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), is known to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Ketones	11-17	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	110-115
32634519-9	2020	In line with these findings, functional validation demonstrated increased levels of two key ketone bodies, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, in the SLC13A5-KD cells.	Ketones	92-98	solute carrier family 13 member 5	Homo sapiens	153-160
32786786-1	2020	Recently, our group reported that enone and ketone functional groups, upon photoexcitation, can direct site-selective sp3 C-H fluorination in terpenoid derivatives.	Ketones	44-50	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	118-121
32638758-0	2020	Astatine partitioning between nitric acid and conventional solvents: indication of covalency in ketone complexation of AtO.	Ketones	96-102	splicing factor-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-122
33013465-0	2020	The Effect of Exogenous Ketone Monoester Ingestion on Plasma BDNF During an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.	Ketones	24-30	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	61-65
33013465-2	2020	Ingestion of a ketone monoester (KME) drink containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) attenuates hyperglycemia in humans and increases neuronal BDNF in rodents.	Ketones	15-21	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	145-149
32456846-9	2020	Apart from general preventive measures, remaining hydrated, monitoring blood glucose regularly and monitoring ketone bodies in urine if on insulin is essential.	Ketones	110-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
31753852-11	2020	In cell culture, ketone bodies inhibited GLP-1 release from EECs.	Ketones	17-23	glucagon	Mus musculus	41-46
31753852-12	2020	Thus, we suggest that this may be a mechanism by which RYGB can remove the inhibitory effect of ketone bodies on EECs, thereby restituting the responsiveness of EECs resulting in increased meal-stimulated levels of GLP-1 after surgery.	Ketones	96-102	glucagon	Mus musculus	215-220
31506013-7	2020	A hyper-excretion of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the urine of SLC5A8-deficient mice was observed and showed that SLC5A8-deficient mice suffered a cerebral BHB insufficiency.	Ketones	25-31	solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	75-81
31506013-7	2020	A hyper-excretion of the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the urine of SLC5A8-deficient mice was observed and showed that SLC5A8-deficient mice suffered a cerebral BHB insufficiency.	Ketones	25-31	solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	126-132
32302001-7	2020	SGLT2i use is associated with a ketotic state caused by an increased glucagon:insulin ratio and stimulated by factors including stress-induced hormonal changes, insufficient insulin, decreased glucose, increased ketone resorption, and hypovolemia.	Ketones	212-218	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
32665366-9	2020	Our results suggested that the use of capillary ketones versus ketonuria would allow a significant reduction in duration of intensive insulin treatment by one third in people with KPD.	Ketones	48-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
33040821-2	2020	It is caused by a combination of high blood sugar and low insulin levels, which can cause the body to produce too much ketone.	Ketones	119-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
32644783-1	2020	The b-type cytochrome LcpK30 is a latex clearing protein (Lcp), which acts as an endotype dioxygenase to catalyze the extracellular cleavage of the chemically inert aliphatic polymer poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), producing oligo-isoprenoids with different terminal carbonyl groups (aldehyde and ketone, -CH2-CHO and -CH2-COCH3).	Ketones	289-295	kelch domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	34-56
32644783-1	2020	The b-type cytochrome LcpK30 is a latex clearing protein (Lcp), which acts as an endotype dioxygenase to catalyze the extracellular cleavage of the chemically inert aliphatic polymer poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), producing oligo-isoprenoids with different terminal carbonyl groups (aldehyde and ketone, -CH2-CHO and -CH2-COCH3).	Ketones	289-295	kelch domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
32644783-1	2020	The b-type cytochrome LcpK30 is a latex clearing protein (Lcp), which acts as an endotype dioxygenase to catalyze the extracellular cleavage of the chemically inert aliphatic polymer poly(cis-1,4-isoprene), producing oligo-isoprenoids with different terminal carbonyl groups (aldehyde and ketone, -CH2-CHO and -CH2-COCH3).	Ketones	289-295	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	188-193
33456103-3	2020	When the EWG contains a pi bond (nitriles, aldehydes, ketones, ester), eta 2 coordination occurs predominantly on the nonaromatic functional group.	Ketones	54-61	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	71-76
32243142-7	2020	The three hydroxylation routes proposed by the further density functional theory (DFT) calculations generate C1-, C7- and C8-hydroxylated metabolites, while the latter two may further undergo debromination to yield the respective ketone and aldehyde as additional metabolites.	Ketones	230-236	complement C7	Homo sapiens	114-124
32635582-9	2020	In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the downregulation of HMGCS2 attenuates the protective effect of the KD by shifting ketone production to enhance de novo lipogenesis in HCC.	Ketones	130-136	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	68-74
32396388-12	2020	This reduced capacity to produce ketones may be a potential link between NAFLD and NAFLD-associated reductions in whole body insulin sensitivity, whereby ketone concentrations impact skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.	Ketones	33-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
32396388-12	2020	This reduced capacity to produce ketones may be a potential link between NAFLD and NAFLD-associated reductions in whole body insulin sensitivity, whereby ketone concentrations impact skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.	Ketones	33-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
32802705-6	2020	The proposed mechanisms for the renoprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors include the action of tubulo-glomerular feedback system and attenuation of hypoxia and metabolic stress in proximal tubular cells mediated through the inhibition of excessive glucose and sodium reabsorption, increased erythropoiesis, or increased ketone body production.	Ketones	322-328	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
32307891-2	2020	AKR1C1 is a member of the Aldo-keto reductase superfamily (AKRs), which converts aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols and has been reported to be involved in chemotherapeutic resistance of multiple drugs.	Ketones	95-102	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	0-6
32479196-6	2020	This review will summarize current evidence supporting a salutary role for ketones in HF including (1) normal myocardial ketone use, (2) alterations in ketone metabolism in the failing heart, (3) effects of therapeutic ketosis in animals and humans with HF, and (4) the potential significance of ketosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.	Ketones	75-82	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	320-350
32479196-6	2020	This review will summarize current evidence supporting a salutary role for ketones in HF including (1) normal myocardial ketone use, (2) alterations in ketone metabolism in the failing heart, (3) effects of therapeutic ketosis in animals and humans with HF, and (4) the potential significance of ketosis associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.	Ketones	75-81	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	320-350
32493060-3	2020	METHODS: To chronically elevate circulating ketones in mice, we deleted the expression of the ketolytic, rate-limiting-enzyme, SCOT (succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase 1; encoded by Oxct1), in skeletal muscle.	Ketones	44-51	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	127-131
32493060-3	2020	METHODS: To chronically elevate circulating ketones in mice, we deleted the expression of the ketolytic, rate-limiting-enzyme, SCOT (succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase 1; encoded by Oxct1), in skeletal muscle.	Ketones	44-51	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	133-174
32493060-10	2020	These beneficial effects of ketones were associated with reduced cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that ketones may modulate cardiac inflammation via this mechanism.	Ketones	28-35	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	73-78
32493060-10	2020	These beneficial effects of ketones were associated with reduced cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that ketones may modulate cardiac inflammation via this mechanism.	Ketones	120-127	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	73-78
32232919-0	2020	Genetic variants in PDSS1 and SLC16A6 of the ketone body metabolic pathway predict cutaneous melanoma-specific survival.	Ketones	45-51	decaprenyl diphosphate synthase subunit 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
32232919-0	2020	Genetic variants in PDSS1 and SLC16A6 of the ketone body metabolic pathway predict cutaneous melanoma-specific survival.	Ketones	45-51	solute carrier family 16 member 6	Homo sapiens	30-37
32305654-4	2020	Although glucose is known to be the deferred source of fuel for cells, ketone bodies have been observed to be able to provide metabolically compromised brain cells with an alternative fuel source, bypassing deficiencies in GLUT transport due to increased insulin resistance.	Ketones	71-77	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	223-227
32305654-4	2020	Although glucose is known to be the deferred source of fuel for cells, ketone bodies have been observed to be able to provide metabolically compromised brain cells with an alternative fuel source, bypassing deficiencies in GLUT transport due to increased insulin resistance.	Ketones	71-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	255-262
32305654-5	2020	By keeping glucose and insulin levels low to allow for the production of ketones, there is evidence that mitochondrial function will be restored, which treats the underlying problems of T2DM and MCI.	Ketones	73-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
32172019-7	2020	Several 9-LOX-derived oxylipins (9-oxylipins) including hydroxides and ketones were also significantly induced locally.	Ketones	71-78	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase1	Zea mays	10-13
31960270-0	2020	Insulin resistance and heart failure during treatment with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: proposed role of ketone utilization.	Ketones	119-125	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
32161953-1	2020	CONTEXT: It has recently been hypothesized that ketone bodies may have independent cardioprotective effects due to increased myocardial efficiency and that this may explain the improved survival of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with mildly ketogenic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Ketones	48-54	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	261-291
32161953-1	2020	CONTEXT: It has recently been hypothesized that ketone bodies may have independent cardioprotective effects due to increased myocardial efficiency and that this may explain the improved survival of individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with mildly ketogenic sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.	Ketones	48-54	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	293-298
32379301-9	2020	Combination of alpha-MT with gemcitabine elicited marked changes in a wide variety of metabolic pathways, particularly amino acid metabolism with notable alterations in pathways involving tryptophan, branched-chain amino acids, ketone bodies, and membrane phospholipids.	Ketones	228-234	aminomethyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-23
32460011-3	2020	Importantly, we find that mice that lack hepatic JARID1a have decreased lean body mass, decreased respiratory exchange ratios, faster production of ketones, and increased glucose production in response to fasting.	Ketones	148-155	lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A	Mus musculus	49-56
32112919-0	2020	Musk Ketone Induces Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Cerebral Ischemia via Activation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.	Ketones	5-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
32275862-2	2020	We report here that activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for ketone body oxidation, succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT/Oxct1), is increased in muscles of obese mice.	Ketones	61-67	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	125-129
32275862-2	2020	We report here that activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for ketone body oxidation, succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT/Oxct1), is increased in muscles of obese mice.	Ketones	61-67	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Mus musculus	130-135
32188275-4	2020	Approach and Results: ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice treated with 3PO (50 microg/g, ip; 4x/wk, 4 weeks) showed a metabolic switch toward ketone body formation.	Ketones	148-154	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	22-26
31850672-7	2020	RESULTS: Osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with blood ketones (adjusted r = -0.263) and urine ketones (adjusted r = -0.183).	Ketones	66-73	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	9-20
31850672-7	2020	RESULTS: Osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with blood ketones (adjusted r = -0.263) and urine ketones (adjusted r = -0.183).	Ketones	106-113	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	9-20
32005706-4	2020	Interestingly, SGLT2 inhibition also results in increased endogenous glucose production and ketone production, features common to glucagon action.	Ketones	92-98	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	15-20
31960270-6	2020	Although various mechanisms have been suggested, we postulate that the potential impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure lies in fuel energetics and amelioration of insulin resistance with ketone utilization depending upon SCOT levels.	Ketones	193-199	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
31982658-4	2020	Here, IR spectroscopy in room temperature CCl4 solution has been used to investigate how nuC=O spectral shifts of ketones in H-bonded complexes with alcohols are influenced by change in donor and acceptor properties.	Ketones	114-121	nucleobindin 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
32270387-2	2020	In this situation high insulin levels are needed to metabolize ketone bodies and avoid hospitalization.	Ketones	63-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
32144120-5	2020	Other MCT isoforms are less well characterized, but ongoing studies indicate that MCT6 transports xenobiotics such as bumetanide, nateglinide, and probenecid, whereas MCT7 has been characterized as a transporter of ketone bodies.	Ketones	215-221	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	6-9
32144120-5	2020	Other MCT isoforms are less well characterized, but ongoing studies indicate that MCT6 transports xenobiotics such as bumetanide, nateglinide, and probenecid, whereas MCT7 has been characterized as a transporter of ketone bodies.	Ketones	215-221	solute carrier family 16 member 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
32209983-0	2020	The Impact of Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester Drink on LPS-Stimulated NLRP3 Activation in Humans with Obesity.	Ketones	35-41	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	76-81
32209983-3	2020	In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial (n = 11) we tested the hypothesis that acutely raising beta-OHB by ingestion of exogenous ketones would attenuate NLRP3 activation in humans with obesity.	Ketones	156-163	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	180-185
32209983-9	2020	Plasma IL-1beta was detectable in ~80% of samples and showed a decrease from fasting baseline to 60 min in the ketone condition only (condition x time interaction, p = 0.01).	Ketones	111-117	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	7-15
32209983-11	2020	Exogenous ketone supplementation may impact plasma IL-1beta, but these findings require confirmation in studies with larger sample sizes.	Ketones	10-16	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	51-59
32173015-0	2020	Orai calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with physiological levels of ketone bodies.	Ketones	179-185	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Bos taurus	0-50
32173015-0	2020	Orai calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 (ORAI1) plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells challenged with physiological levels of ketone bodies.	Ketones	179-185	ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1	Bos taurus	52-57
32358544-0	2020	SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease.	Ketones	59-66	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
32358544-0	2020	SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease.	Ketones	59-66	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
32057360-5	2020	Second, we determine that the peptide can help Abeta oligomers enter endosomes and lysosomes, which can be further enhanced by ketone.	Ketones	127-133	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-52
32226259-1	2020	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, T2) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder of ketone utilization and isoleucine catabolism caused by mutations in the ACAT1 gene.	Ketones	104-110	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	176-181
32096068-7	2020	RESULTS: Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM.	Ketones	31-37	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
32096068-7	2020	RESULTS: Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM.	Ketones	31-37	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
32096068-7	2020	RESULTS: Enzymes necessary for ketone catabolism (BDH1, OXCT1 and ACAT1) are significantly downregulated in adult and pediatric GBM.	Ketones	31-37	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	66-71
32057247-0	2020	Facile Synthesis of 2-Acylthieno[2,3-b]quinolines via Cu-TEMPO-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation, sp2-C-H Functionalization (Nucleophilic Thiolation by S8) of 2-Haloquinolinyl Ketones.	Ketones	151-175	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	90-93
32073283-1	2020	The C(sp2)-H function of indole ketone with diazo compound via a rhodium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular electrophilic trapping reaction under mild conditions in air was demonstrated.	Ketones	25-38	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	4-9
31408370-8	2020	The ketone body ss-hydroxybutyrate, through inhibition of the NLRP-3 inflammasome, is likely to be an intermediary for many of these observed benefits.	Ketones	4-10	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	62-68
31361403-7	2020	Furthermore, it is suggested that the elevation of ketone bodies induced by sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors might contribute to a protective effect in left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.	Ketones	51-57	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	76-106
31885265-1	2020	Efficient conversion of alpha-mercapto ketones 1 with activated alkenes 2 into S-heterocycles was developed with Sn(Oct)2-2MeOH acting as a catalyst.	Ketones	24-46	plexin A2	Homo sapiens	116-119
32099267-4	2020	Competition experiments suggest an electrophile relative reactivity order of CF2H ketone > CF3 ketone > aldehyde under these reaction conditions.	Ketones	82-88	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
31823472-0	2020	C-1 Oxidation/C-2 Reduction Isomerization of Unprotected Aldoses Induced by Light/Ketone.	Ketones	82-88	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	0-3
31823472-0	2020	C-1 Oxidation/C-2 Reduction Isomerization of Unprotected Aldoses Induced by Light/Ketone.	Ketones	82-88	complement C2	Homo sapiens	14-17
32033248-3	2020	Ketone metabolism can overcome PDH inhibition and restore TCA cycle metabolites, thereby enhancing amino acid biosynthesis.	Ketones	0-6	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
31821157-11	2020	Blood concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate and glycaemic status did not associate with test performance; however, insulin resistance measured by HOMA was related to improved working memory performance during ketone infusion (beta = 4%; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.7; P = 0.012).	Ketones	210-216	insulin	Homo sapiens	116-123
32093791-7	2020	The entry into the CNS of ketone bodies and fatty acids, as a result of nutritional ketosis, has effects on the astrocytic glutamate-glutamine cycle, glutamate synthase activity, and on the function of vesicular glutamate transporters, EAAT, Na+, K+-ATPase, Kir4.1, aquaporin-4, Cx34 and KATP channels, as well as on astrogliosis.	Ketones	26-32	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	258-264
32093791-7	2020	The entry into the CNS of ketone bodies and fatty acids, as a result of nutritional ketosis, has effects on the astrocytic glutamate-glutamine cycle, glutamate synthase activity, and on the function of vesicular glutamate transporters, EAAT, Na+, K+-ATPase, Kir4.1, aquaporin-4, Cx34 and KATP channels, as well as on astrogliosis.	Ketones	26-32	aquaporin 4	Homo sapiens	266-277
31979305-2	2020	Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) decreases IL-6, which could be enhanced by the anti-inflammatory effect of high ketone bodies after administering coconut oil (both of which are an anxiolytic).	Ketones	112-118	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	42-46
31736186-1	2020	Direct alkylation of C(sp2)-H bonds in order to convert an aldehyde into a ketone is a notorious transformation, due to the laborious challenge of the formation of ketyl or acyl radicals.	Ketones	75-81	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	21-26
31970162-4	2019	The administration of SGLT2 inhibitors leads to the elevation of plasma levels of ketone bodies, which are an efficient energy source in the failing heart, by promoting oxidation of the mitochondrial coenzyme Q couple and enhancing the free energy of cytosolic ATP hydrolysis.	Ketones	82-88	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
31911600-3	2020	Here we present a synergistic function of single-atom palladium (Pd1) and nanoparticles (PdNPs) on TiO2 for highly efficient ketone/aldehydes hydrogenation to alcohols at room temperature.	Ketones	125-131	programmed cell death 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
32031753-1	2020	Herein we disclosed the utilization of remote "imidazole" based precatalyst [( para -cymene)Ru II (L)Cl] + , C-1 where L = 2-(4-substituted-phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) for the selective oxidation of variety of alkyl arenes/heteroarenes and alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes or ketones in presence of tert -butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP).	Ketones	305-312	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	109-112
32031753-4	2020	The substrate scope for C-1 promoted oxidation reaction was also assessed for the selective oxidation of 27-different alkyl arenes/heteroarenes and 25 different alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes/ketones with moderate to good yields.	Ketones	203-210	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	24-27
32017460-2	2020	We describe herein tandem olefin cross-metathesis/hemiacetalization/intramolecular oxa-Michael addition of allylic/homoallylic alcohols, a,b-unsaturated ketones, and aldehydes, which enabled the synthesis of syn -1,2- and syn -1,3-diol derivatives in a step-economical manner.	Ketones	153-160	synapsin I	Homo sapiens	208-217
31791120-3	2019	By activation with potassium hydroxide, this cobalt system shows both high efficiency (up to 24000 TON and 12000 h-1 TOF) and excellent chemoselectivities with various aldehydes, ketones, imines and even N-heteroarenes.	Ketones	179-186	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
31854995-1	2020	An efficient visible-light-induced para-selective C(sp2)-H difluoroalkylation of diverse electron-deficient (hetero)aromatic carbonyls (aldehydes and ketones) at ambient temperature has been developed by employing Ir(ppy)3 as the catalyst and 1,10-phenanthroline as the additive.	Ketones	150-157	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	50-55
31777249-0	2019	An Approach to Tertiary Type beta-Hydroxyl Carboxamides Through Sc(OTf)3-Catalyzed Addition of Ynamides and Ketones.	Ketones	108-115	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	64-72
31777249-1	2019	An efficient approach to access functionalized tertiary type beta-hydroxyl carboxamides has been developed through Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed addition of ynamides and substituted ketones.	Ketones	171-178	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	115-123
31921677-3	2019	Three differentially expressed key enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL, were screened out between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues using the GEO and TCGA databases.We confirmed that the transcription and protein expression of ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL were significantly lower in ccRCC by real-time RT-PCR and IHC assays.	Ketones	55-61	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
31921677-3	2019	Three differentially expressed key enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL, were screened out between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues using the GEO and TCGA databases.We confirmed that the transcription and protein expression of ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL were significantly lower in ccRCC by real-time RT-PCR and IHC assays.	Ketones	55-61	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
31921677-3	2019	Three differentially expressed key enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL, were screened out between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues using the GEO and TCGA databases.We confirmed that the transcription and protein expression of ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL were significantly lower in ccRCC by real-time RT-PCR and IHC assays.	Ketones	55-61	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	256-261
31921677-3	2019	Three differentially expressed key enzymes involved in ketone body metabolism, ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL, were screened out between ccRCC and normal kidney tissues using the GEO and TCGA databases.We confirmed that the transcription and protein expression of ACAT1, BDH2, and HMGCL were significantly lower in ccRCC by real-time RT-PCR and IHC assays.	Ketones	55-61	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	263-267
31720519-7	2019	Why one syn adduct is obtained with aldehydes, whereas cyclic ketones (the predicted ring-fused cyclobutanes of which isomerize to their enamines more easily) produce the other syn adduct, is also explained by means of molecular orbital calculations.	Ketones	55-69	synemin	Homo sapiens	177-180
31801490-7	2019	Partial least squares discriminant analysis showed a significant difference in the metabolic profile between the fasting and carbohydrate groups, compatible with the endocrine effects of insulin (i.e., increased serum-lactate and pyruvate and decreased ketone bodies and amino acids in the carbohydrate group).	Ketones	253-259	insulin	Homo sapiens	187-194
31456369-10	2019	SGLT2 inhibitor can cause increase in blood ketone levels.	Ketones	44-50	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	0-5
31456369-11	2019	Beta hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB), which is well known ketone body associated with SGLT2 inhibitor, showed a protective effect against Dox in H9C2 cells and in Dox-treated mice.	Ketones	52-58	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
31676432-0	2019	Fibroblast growth Factor-21 promotes ketone body utilization in neurons through activation of AMP-dependent kinase.	Ketones	37-43	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
31676432-0	2019	Fibroblast growth Factor-21 promotes ketone body utilization in neurons through activation of AMP-dependent kinase.	Ketones	37-43	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	94-114
31676432-7	2019	Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that contributes to modulate systemic adaptation to fasting, and it is known to regulate ketone body metabolism in peripheral tissues.	Ketones	149-155	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-27
31676432-7	2019	Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that contributes to modulate systemic adaptation to fasting, and it is known to regulate ketone body metabolism in peripheral tissues.	Ketones	149-155	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	29-34
31676432-10	2019	We show that FGF21 increases the ability of neurons to utilize ketone bodies in cortical neurons as illustrated by a larger mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the presence of ketone bodies.	Ketones	63-69	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	13-18
31676432-10	2019	We show that FGF21 increases the ability of neurons to utilize ketone bodies in cortical neurons as illustrated by a larger mitochondrial respiratory capacity in the presence of ketone bodies.	Ketones	178-184	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	13-18
31763971-9	2021	Its mechanism is proposed that a nucleophilic addition of iron-peroxo species, generated by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5, to the carbonyl group caused the carbon-carbon bond cleavage between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone groups.	Ketones	208-214	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
31763971-9	2021	Its mechanism is proposed that a nucleophilic addition of iron-peroxo species, generated by CYP2D6 and CYP3A4/5, to the carbonyl group caused the carbon-carbon bond cleavage between the adjacent hydroxyl and ketone groups.	Ketones	208-214	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	103-109
31817290-1	2019	There are three human enzymes with HMG-CoA lyase activity that are able to synthesize ketone bodies in different subcellular compartments.	Ketones	86-92	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	35-48
31767173-3	2019	METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we show that in the liver, the classical steroidogenic enzyme Cyp17a1 forms an essential nexus for glucose and ketone metabolism during feed-fast cycles.	Ketones	138-144	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	89-96
31779269-0	2019	HMGCS2 Mediates Ketone Production and Regulates the Proliferation and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.	Ketones	16-22	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
31779269-6	2019	In our investigation of the molecular mechanisms of HMGCS2 in HCC, we showed that knockdown of HMGCS2 decreased ketone production, which promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorigenesis by enhancing c-Myc/cyclinD1 and EMT signaling and by suppressing the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.	Ketones	112-118	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	52-58
31779269-6	2019	In our investigation of the molecular mechanisms of HMGCS2 in HCC, we showed that knockdown of HMGCS2 decreased ketone production, which promoted cell proliferation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorigenesis by enhancing c-Myc/cyclinD1 and EMT signaling and by suppressing the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.	Ketones	112-118	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	95-101
31779269-7	2019	Ketone body treatment reduced the proliferation- and migration-promoting effects of HMGCS2 knockdown in cells.	Ketones	0-6	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	84-90
31779269-8	2019	In contrast, HMGCS2 overexpression increased the intracellular ketone level and inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration, and xenograft tumorigenesis.	Ketones	63-69	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	13-19
31685604-0	2019	Ketone body receptor GPR43 regulates lipid metabolism under ketogenic conditions.	Ketones	0-6	free fatty acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	21-26
31614517-3	2019	Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors" ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold.	Ketones	277-283	IAP promoted placental gene	Mus musculus	94-97
31614517-3	2019	Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors" ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold.	Ketones	277-283	IAP promoted placental gene	Mus musculus	173-176
31614517-3	2019	Taking this observation into account, we structurally modified an indolylpyrimidylpiperazine (IPP) scaffold, 1 (a non-selective adenosine receptors" ligand) into a modified IPP (mIPP) scaffold by switching the position of the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of both ketone and tertiary amine groups in the new scaffold.	Ketones	277-283	IAP promoted placental gene	Mus musculus	178-182
31557873-4	2019	The C-14 hydroxyl and C-10 ketone were installed via SmI2-mediated radical cyclization, and oxidation of a benzylic alcohol (obtained from an intermediate nitrate azide), respectively.	Ketones	27-33	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	22-26
31444706-9	2019	Changes in total ketone bodies appeared to be associated with changes in plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids.	Ketones	17-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
31268215-1	2019	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2, encoded by the ACAT1 gene) deficiency is an inherited disorder of ketone body and isoleucine metabolism.	Ketones	110-116	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
31268215-1	2019	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2, encoded by the ACAT1 gene) deficiency is an inherited disorder of ketone body and isoleucine metabolism.	Ketones	110-116	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
32684655-0	2019	Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed Beckmann Rearrangement of Ketones Using Hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic Acid (HOSA).	Ketones	45-52	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
32684655-2	2019	Herein, we describe the Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed BKR of ketones under mild reaction conditions using hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid (HOSA), a commercial water soluble aminating agent.	Ketones	50-57	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	24-32
31616297-11	2019	The use of SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with higher risk of infection, osmotic diuresis, volume depletion effects, renal related AEs, and higher blood ketone bodies when compared with placebo.	Ketones	155-161	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	11-16
31701076-3	2019	Pygl -/- mice exhibit hepatomegaly, excessive hepatic glycogen accumulation, and low hepatic free glucose along with lower fasting blood glucose levels and elevated blood ketone bodies.	Ketones	171-177	liver glycogen phosphorylase	Mus musculus	0-4
31293048-3	2019	One well-defined chiral CoII -complex is shown to be an efficient catalyst in the visible-light-induced conjugated addition of enones by alkyl and acyl radicals, providing synthetically valued chiral ketones and 1,4-dicarbonyls in 47-&gt;99 % yields with up to 97:3 e.r.	Ketones	200-207	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	24-28
31523435-0	2019	Phenolic acid phenethylesters and their corresponding ketones: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and stability in human blood and HepaRG cells.	Ketones	54-61	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Homo sapiens	77-91
31103411-4	2019	Genetic and biochemical studies have outlined a role for the broadly conserved reactive intermediate deaminase (Rid) (YjgF/YER057c/UK114) protein family, in particular RidA, in catalyzing the hydrolysis of enamines and imines to their ketone product.	Ketones	235-241	reactive intermediate imine deaminase A homolog	Homo sapiens	168-172
30628470-0	2019	The Clinical Case for the Integration of a Ketone Sensor as Part of a Closed Loop Insulin Pump System.	Ketones	43-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
31369264-2	2019	Currently, the most abundant methods for the synthesis of the aryl-CF2 functionality have relied on the deoxyfluorination of ketones and aldehydes using expensive and poorly atom economical reagents.	Ketones	125-132	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
31132381-8	2019	SGLT2i caused several metabolic adaptations including increased ketone production and a greater reliance on fat as a source of energy during normal cage activity.	Ketones	64-70	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
31276126-0	2019	Co(ii)/Cu(ii)-cocatalyzed oxidative C-H/N-H functionalization of benzamides with ketones: a facile route to isoindolin-1-ones.	Ketones	81-88	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	0-6
31442404-2	2019	Here we show that, in the mammalian small intestine, the expression of Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies, including beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB), distinguishes self-renewing Lgr5+ stem cells (ISCs) from differentiated cell types.	Ketones	189-195	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
31442404-2	2019	Here we show that, in the mammalian small intestine, the expression of Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies, including beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB), distinguishes self-renewing Lgr5+ stem cells (ISCs) from differentiated cell types.	Ketones	189-195	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	79-122
31442404-2	2019	Here we show that, in the mammalian small intestine, the expression of Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies, including beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB), distinguishes self-renewing Lgr5+ stem cells (ISCs) from differentiated cell types.	Ketones	189-195	leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5	Homo sapiens	274-278
31442404-2	2019	Here we show that, in the mammalian small intestine, the expression of Hmgcs2 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthetase 2), the gene encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of ketone bodies, including beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaOHB), distinguishes self-renewing Lgr5+ stem cells (ISCs) from differentiated cell types.	Ketones	189-195	NFS1 cysteine desulfurase	Homo sapiens	292-296
31125219-0	2019	Ab Initio Study of Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Spin-Allowed and Spin-Forbidden Transitions: From Organic Ketones to Lanthanide Complexes.	Ketones	137-144	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
31125219-0	2019	Ab Initio Study of Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Spin-Allowed and Spin-Forbidden Transitions: From Organic Ketones to Lanthanide Complexes.	Ketones	137-144	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
31280254-0	2019	Ketones improves Apolipoprotein E4-related memory deficiency via sirtuin 3.	Ketones	0-7	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	65-74
31280254-3	2019	Our previous studies indicated ketones improved mitochondria energy metabolism via sirtuin 3 (Sirt3).	Ketones	31-38	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	83-92
31280254-3	2019	Our previous studies indicated ketones improved mitochondria energy metabolism via sirtuin 3 (Sirt3).	Ketones	31-38	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	94-99
31280254-5	2019	RESULTS: Ketones improved learning and memory abilities of ApoE4 mice but not ApoE3 mice.	Ketones	9-16	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	59-64
31280254-6	2019	Sirt3, synaptic proteins, the NAD+/ NADH ratio, and ATP production were significantly increased in the hippocampus and the cortex from ketone treatment.	Ketones	135-141	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	0-5
31280254-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our current studies suggest that ketones improve learning and memory abilities of ApoE4 transgenic mice.	Ketones	45-52	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	94-99
31280254-11	2019	Sirt3 may mediate the neuroprotection of ketones by increasing neuronal energy metabolism in ApoE4 transgenic mice.	Ketones	41-48	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	0-5
31280254-11	2019	Sirt3 may mediate the neuroprotection of ketones by increasing neuronal energy metabolism in ApoE4 transgenic mice.	Ketones	41-48	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	93-98
31273261-7	2019	These proteins are PCK2, which is a gluconeogenic enzyme; ACAT1 and IVD, which are involved in ketone metabolism; SDHA and UQCRC1, which are related to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; and LRRC59, which is linked to mammary gland cell proliferation.	Ketones	95-101	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Bos taurus	19-23
31273261-7	2019	These proteins are PCK2, which is a gluconeogenic enzyme; ACAT1 and IVD, which are involved in ketone metabolism; SDHA and UQCRC1, which are related to mitochondrial oxidative metabolism; and LRRC59, which is linked to mammary gland cell proliferation.	Ketones	95-101	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Bos taurus	58-63
31276126-0	2019	Co(ii)/Cu(ii)-cocatalyzed oxidative C-H/N-H functionalization of benzamides with ketones: a facile route to isoindolin-1-ones.	Ketones	81-88	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	3-5
31262340-0	2019	Adipose tissue protects against sepsis-induced muscle weakness in mice: from lipolysis to ketones.	Ketones	90-97	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	0-7
31286064-2	2019	Here we show that the Krebs cycle substrates pyruvate and ketone body B3HB can functionally replace lactate in rescuing memory impairment caused by inhibition of glycogenolysis or expression knockdown of glia monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) 1 and 4 in the dorsal hippocampus of rats.	Ketones	58-64	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	209-252
31115629-2	2019	Herein, we report that a novel aldehyde reductase Ykl107wp deduced from YKL107W from S. cerevisiae belongs to the classical SDR group and can catalyze the reduction reactions of acetaldehyde (AA), glycolaldehyde (GA), furfural (FF), formaldehyde (FA), and propionaldehyde (PA) but cannot reduce the six representative ketones.	Ketones	318-325	short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	124-127
31028727-12	2019	In general, the AKR1B10 mutants mirrored well the specific functional features of AKR1B15, i.e., the different preferences towards the retinaldehyde isomers, the much higher activity with steroids and ketones, and the unique behavior with inhibitors.	Ketones	201-208	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	16-23
31460120-1	2019	Tetrasubstituted propargylamines comprise a unique class of highly useful compounds, which can be accessed through the multicomponent coupling between ketones, amines, and alkynes (KA2 coupling), an underexplored transformation.	Ketones	151-158	glutamate ionotropic receptor kainate type subunit 5	Homo sapiens	181-184
31333791-1	2019	BDH2 is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family member involved in several biological and pathological processes, including the utilization of cytosolic ketone bodies, immunocyte regulation and tumor progression.	Ketones	158-164	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
31333791-4	2019	As a member of a gene family involved in ketone metabolism, BDH2 upregulated the level of beta-HB in liver cells as well as the level of H3 histone acetylation.	Ketones	41-47	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
30928098-1	2019	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) is a key enzyme in ketone body metabolism that is expressed in adipose and other tissues.	Ketones	55-61	succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	0-27
31028727-12	2019	In general, the AKR1B10 mutants mirrored well the specific functional features of AKR1B15, i.e., the different preferences towards the retinaldehyde isomers, the much higher activity with steroids and ketones, and the unique behavior with inhibitors.	Ketones	201-208	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15	Homo sapiens	82-89
30952097-0	2019	Protective effect of Ketone musk on LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells through suppressing NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.	Ketones	21-27	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	100-105
30952097-0	2019	Protective effect of Ketone musk on LPS/ATP-induced pyroptosis in J774A.1 cells through suppressing NLRP3/GSDMD pathway.	Ketones	21-27	gasdermin D	Mus musculus	106-111
30928098-1	2019	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) is a key enzyme in ketone body metabolism that is expressed in adipose and other tissues.	Ketones	55-61	succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	29-34
31020971-1	2019	The readily-accessible, air-stable Lewis acid [(terpy)PPh][B(C6F5)4]21 is shown to mediate the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, ketones, and olefins.	Ketones	125-132	enolase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
31303993-5	2019	We find that installing and oxidizing the C17 methylsulfide prior to reducing the C15 ketone provides the greatest yield of the desired C15,C16 diastereomer.	Ketones	86-92	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	42-45
30912285-0	2019	Oral Ketone Supplementation Acutely Increases Markers of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Human Monocytes.	Ketones	5-11	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	57-62
30912285-1	2019	SCOPE: Cell culture studies indicate that the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) directly inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of inflammation.	Ketones	46-52	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	107-112
30912285-8	2019	CONCLUSION: Measures of NLRP3 activation increases when blood beta-OHB is elevated using ketone supplements, suggesting that increasing beta-OHB exogenously may have unintended effects that augment inflammatory activation.	Ketones	89-95	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	24-29
31025252-6	2019	Ketone body formation during beta oxidation is mediated by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).	Ketones	0-6	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	59-100
31025252-6	2019	Ketone body formation during beta oxidation is mediated by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2).	Ketones	0-6	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	102-108
30624851-4	2019	The energy contained in the couples can be altered by suppling energy equivalents in the form of ketones, such as, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate to overcome insulin resistance, to restore antioxidants capacity, to form potential treatments for Alzheimer"s and Parkinson"s diseases, to enhance life span, and to increase physiological performance.	Ketones	97-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
30818059-6	2019	Fat accumulation due to fasting, on the other hand, was diminished in mice lacking catalase, which correlated with increased risk of death and low ketone body blood levels.	Ketones	147-153	catalase	Mus musculus	83-91
30998328-3	2019	Use of the less strongly coordinating ligand, PPh3, promotes vinyl- to allylrhodium isomerization en route to linear ketones.	Ketones	117-124	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
31268032-5	2019	Based on the presence of massive urinary ketone bodies without hyper glycosuria, the patient was diagnosed with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis( DKA) caused by an SGLT2 inhibitor.	Ketones	41-47	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	164-169
31303993-5	2019	We find that installing and oxidizing the C17 methylsulfide prior to reducing the C15 ketone provides the greatest yield of the desired C15,C16 diastereomer.	Ketones	86-92	placenta associated 8	Homo sapiens	82-85
31303993-5	2019	We find that installing and oxidizing the C17 methylsulfide prior to reducing the C15 ketone provides the greatest yield of the desired C15,C16 diastereomer.	Ketones	86-92	placenta associated 8	Homo sapiens	136-139
30858356-7	2019	Our findings thus show that BHB-mediated p53 kbhb is a novel mechanism of p53 activity regulation, which may explain the link between ketone bodies and tumor, and which may provide promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.	Ketones	134-140	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	41-44
30859828-0	2019	Palladium-Catalyzed beta-C-H Arylation of Aliphatic Aldehydes and Ketones Using Amino Amide as a Transient Directing Group.	Ketones	66-73	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	20-26
30816800-11	2019	Further, ANGPTL3 LOF carriers had elevated ketone body production, suggesting enhanced hepatic fatty acid beta-oxidation.	Ketones	43-49	angiopoietin like 3	Homo sapiens	9-16
30407726-0	2019	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors regulate ketone body metabolism via inter-organ crosstalk.	Ketones	51-57	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	0-30
30407726-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2i increased systemic and tissue BHB levels by upregulating ketogenic enzymes and transporters in the liver, kidney and intestine, suggesting the integrated physiological consequences for ketone body metabolism of SGLT2i administration.	Ketones	205-211	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	13-18
30407726-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: SGLT2i increased systemic and tissue BHB levels by upregulating ketogenic enzymes and transporters in the liver, kidney and intestine, suggesting the integrated physiological consequences for ketone body metabolism of SGLT2i administration.	Ketones	205-211	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	231-236
30887809-0	2019	Space Craft-like Octanuclear Co(II)-Silsesquioxane Nanocages: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetic Properties, Solution Behavior, and Catalytic Activity for Hydroboration of Ketones.	Ketones	168-175	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	29-35
30851335-0	2019	beta-Hydroxybutyrate, a ketone body, reduces the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin via activation of HDAC5 in human renal cortical epithelial cells.	Ketones	24-30	histone deacetylase 5	Homo sapiens	97-102
31079130-2	2019	There is an error of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization due to mutations in the acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) gene.	Ketones	47-53	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	95-132
31079130-2	2019	There is an error of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization due to mutations in the acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) gene.	Ketones	47-53	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	134-139
30945499-13	2019	Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the protective effect of PC6-EA pretreatment was realized mainly by regulating pathways of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, citric acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, ketone body metabolism, etc.	Ketones	218-224	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
30945499-14	2019	CONCLUSION: PC6-EA pretreatment has a role in regulating gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, amino metabolism, ketone body metabolism and energy metabolism in rats with MIRI, which maybe contribute to its protective effect on ischemic myocardium, but the specific metabolic pathways and mechanisms need being studied further.	Ketones	113-119	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
31022876-7	2019	The volatile fraction in milk samples obtained from bovines fed mycorrhizal ensiled forage showed an increase of free fatty acids and ketones, responsible for cheesy and fruity odors.	Ketones	134-141	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	25-29
30908058-2	2019	Using ketones as N-alkylation reagent for indoles has been a great challenge not only because of the competing alkylation reaction of C-3 position but also because of the poor nucleophilicity of the nitrogen atom of indole, in addition to the steric hindrance and lower electrophilicity of the ketones.	Ketones	6-13	complement C3	Homo sapiens	134-137
30952864-5	2019	Hepatic loss of Atg7 or Atg5 significantly impairs the production of ketone bodies upon fasting, due to decreased expression of enzymes involved in beta-oxidation following suppression of transactivation by PPARalpha.	Ketones	69-75	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	24-28
30952864-8	2019	These results suggest that autophagy contributes to PPARalpha activation upon fasting by promoting degradation of NCoR1 and thus regulates beta-oxidation and ketone bodies production.	Ketones	158-164	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-61
30940842-7	2019	This observation was corroborated by an increase activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body utilization, in the diabetic heart.	Ketones	146-152	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-100
30940842-7	2019	This observation was corroborated by an increase activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body utilization, in the diabetic heart.	Ketones	146-152	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
30858356-7	2019	Our findings thus show that BHB-mediated p53 kbhb is a novel mechanism of p53 activity regulation, which may explain the link between ketone bodies and tumor, and which may provide promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment.	Ketones	134-140	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	74-77
30843877-3	2019	Treatment of obese but nondiabetic mice with the SGLT2i canagliflozin (CANA) reduces adiposity, improves glucose tolerance despite reduced plasma insulin, increases plasma ketones, and improves plasma lipid profiles.	Ketones	172-179	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	49-54
31240151-1	2019	Beta-ketothiolase (T2, mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism that is characterized by increased urinary excretion of 2-methylacetoacetate, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, and tiglylglycine.	Ketones	138-144	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-61
30735041-6	2019	Combining in vitro and in vivo studies, we show that PtmO3 and PtmO6 are two functionally redundant alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that generate a cryptic C7 beta-hydroxyl on each of the ent-kauranol and ent-atiserene scaffolds, and PtmO8 and PtmO1, a pair of NAD+/NADPH-dependent dehydrogenases, subsequently work in concert to invert the C7 beta-hydroxyl to alpha-hydroxyl via a C7 ketone intermediate.	Ketones	396-402	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Homo sapiens	159-166
30833594-2	2019	Conversion of the ketone body acetoacetate (AcAc) to beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) by the mitochondrial enzyme beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) depends upon NADH availability.	Ketones	18-24	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	148-151
30543855-9	2019	These changes were associated with significantly enhanced ketone body production in HKDC1 overexpressing mice, indicating that these mice shift their metabolic needs from glucose reliance to greater fat oxidation and ketone utilization during fasting.	Ketones	58-64	hexokinase domain containing 1	Mus musculus	84-89
30543855-9	2019	These changes were associated with significantly enhanced ketone body production in HKDC1 overexpressing mice, indicating that these mice shift their metabolic needs from glucose reliance to greater fat oxidation and ketone utilization during fasting.	Ketones	217-223	hexokinase domain containing 1	Mus musculus	84-89
30259621-0	2019	Pioglitazone prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with dapagliflozin in insulin-treated T2DM patients: Results from the Qatar Study.	Ketones	45-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	99-106
30259621-2	2019	Increased plasma ketone concentration has been reported in association with SGLT2i initiation, which, under certain clinical conditions, has developed into diabetic ketoacidosis.	Ketones	17-23	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
30259621-5	2019	In the present study, we examined the effect of the addition of dapagliflozin plus pioglitazone on plasma ketone concentration in insulin-treated T2DM patients and compared the results to the effect of dapagliflozin alone.	Ketones	106-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
30259621-9	2019	These results demonstrate that the addition of pioglitazone to dapagliflozin prevents the increase in plasma ketone concentration associated with SGLT2i therapy.	Ketones	109-115	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	146-151
30799594-1	2019	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is a rare inborn error of ketone body utilization, characterized by episodic or permanent ketosis.	Ketones	84-90	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
30811347-1	2019	beta-Hydroxybutyrate (HB) is a ketone body used as an energy source that has shown anti-inflammatory effects similar to calorie restriction (CR); Here, PGC-1alpha, an abundantly expressed co-factor in the kidney, was reported to interact with both FoxO1 and NF-kappaB although the definitive interactive mechanism has not yet been reported.	Ketones	31-37	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	152-162
30523648-1	2019	A previously unknown transformation of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acid derivatives leads to the formation of substituted oxiranes, aziridines, and azirines as shown by DFT and MP2 computations.	Ketones	50-57	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	184-187
30393371-1	2019	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, T2) deficiency (OMIM #203750, *607809) is an inborn error of metabolism that affects isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	170-176	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
30393371-1	2019	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, T2) deficiency (OMIM #203750, *607809) is an inborn error of metabolism that affects isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	170-176	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	19-57
29771336-4	2019	Here we show that ketogenic diet-derived ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) transiently increases FTO expression in both mouse hypothalamus and cultured cells.	Ketones	41-47	fat mass and obesity associated	Mus musculus	102-105
30624941-2	2019	The catalyst is air- and moisture-stable, displaying high efficiency (1980 h-1 turnover frequency, TOF) and chemoselectivity on aldehydes over ketones and ketones over imines.	Ketones	143-150	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
30624941-2	2019	The catalyst is air- and moisture-stable, displaying high efficiency (1980 h-1 turnover frequency, TOF) and chemoselectivity on aldehydes over ketones and ketones over imines.	Ketones	155-162	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	99-102
30315713-3	2019	An array of cyclobutanes with high selectivity has been achieved from commercially available aldehydes, ketones (or phosphorus ylide), and olefins with visible-light irradiation of a catalytic amount of (fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato-C2 ,N)iridium) ([Ir(ppy)3 ]) at room temperature.	Ketones	104-111	FA complementation group C	Homo sapiens	204-207
30692937-1	2018	When fasted as larvae or fed ketogenic diets as adults, homozygous zebrafish slc16a6a mutants develop hepatic steatosis because their livers cannot export the major ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, diverting liver-trapped ketogenic carbon atoms to triacylglycerol.	Ketones	165-171	solute carrier family 16 member 6a	Danio rerio	77-85
31007570-2	2019	The photo-organo catalyst anthraquinone sulfate (SAS) was employed to oxyfunctionalise alkanes to aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	112-119	tetraspanin 31	Homo sapiens	49-52
30336042-3	2019	Significantly, CAR activation increased serum levels of fatty acids, lactate, ketone bodies and tricarboxylic acid cycle products, whereas levels of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, amino acids and liver glucose were decreased following short-term activation of CAR.	Ketones	78-84	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Mus musculus	15-18
30085883-0	2019	Ketones and pain: unexplored role of hydroxyl carboxylic acid receptor type 2 in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain.	Ketones	0-7	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	37-77
31456521-12	2019	Through glucosuria, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce body weight and body fat, and shift substrate utilisation from carbohydrates to lipids and, possibly, ketone bodies.	Ketones	146-152	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
31336463-4	2019	In this case study, a 71-year old female, heterozygous for ApoE4 with a family history of Alzheimer"s Disease (AD) and the dual diagnosis of mild AD/metabolic syndrome (MetS) was placed on a 10-week nutrition protocol purposed at raising plasma ketones through carbohyrdrate restricted, high fat ketogenic diet (KD), time- restricted eating and physical/cognitive exercise.	Ketones	245-252	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	59-64
28696163-6	2019	This review describes the association of S100beta to fatty acids, ketone bodies, insulin, and botanicals as well as the potential impact of physical activity as a lifestyle factor.	Ketones	66-72	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Homo sapiens	41-49
30027365-7	2019	We conclude that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in mutUNG1 expressing mice causes oxidative stress, and that exposure of animals to KD, or of cells to ketone body in vitro, elicits compensatory mechanisms acting to augment mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics via the PGC1alpha-SIRT3-UCP2 axis (The compensatory processes are overwhelmed in the mutUNG1 mice by all the newly formed mitochondria being dysfunctional).	Ketones	158-164	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	275-284
30027365-7	2019	We conclude that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in mutUNG1 expressing mice causes oxidative stress, and that exposure of animals to KD, or of cells to ketone body in vitro, elicits compensatory mechanisms acting to augment mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics via the PGC1alpha-SIRT3-UCP2 axis (The compensatory processes are overwhelmed in the mutUNG1 mice by all the newly formed mitochondria being dysfunctional).	Ketones	158-164	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	285-290
30027365-7	2019	We conclude that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in mutUNG1 expressing mice causes oxidative stress, and that exposure of animals to KD, or of cells to ketone body in vitro, elicits compensatory mechanisms acting to augment mitochondrial mass and bioenergetics via the PGC1alpha-SIRT3-UCP2 axis (The compensatory processes are overwhelmed in the mutUNG1 mice by all the newly formed mitochondria being dysfunctional).	Ketones	158-164	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	291-295
30335228-1	2018	Herein we report the biocatalytic synthesis of substituted pyrazines and pyrroles using a transaminase (ATA) to mediate the key amination step of the ketone precursors.	Ketones	150-156	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	104-107
30559660-14	2018	Specifically, MCT1 and MCT4, which transport ketone bodies, were significantly increased in KD-fed rats compared to controls.	Ketones	45-51	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
30340141-2	2018	Introduction of certain substituents like 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxycarbonylphenyl and carboxyl in position 5 of the tetrazole ring of 3 led to a significant increase of the metabolic stability of the scissile ketone pharmacophore, while the high activity towards FAAH was not affected markedly.	Ketones	209-215	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	263-267
30326283-4	2018	This perspective draws upon evidence from animal and human studies to highlight such a mechanism whereby exercise drives synthesis and accumulation of neuroactive metabolites such as myokines and ketone bodies in the periphery and in the hippocampus to enhance BDNF expression.	Ketones	196-202	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	261-265
30559660-14	2018	Specifically, MCT1 and MCT4, which transport ketone bodies, were significantly increased in KD-fed rats compared to controls.	Ketones	45-51	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
30424795-14	2018	HCAR1 stimulation by lactate or ketones from the ketogenic diet reduced inflammasome formation, as shown by reduced mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1beta.	Ketones	32-39	hydrocarboxylic acid receptor 1	Mus musculus	0-5
30327354-0	2018	Ketone Body Infusion Increases Circulating Erythropoietin and Bone Marrow Glucose Uptake.	Ketones	0-6	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	43-57
30424795-14	2018	HCAR1 stimulation by lactate or ketones from the ketogenic diet reduced inflammasome formation, as shown by reduced mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1beta.	Ketones	32-39	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	147-152
30424795-14	2018	HCAR1 stimulation by lactate or ketones from the ketogenic diet reduced inflammasome formation, as shown by reduced mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3 and IL-1beta.	Ketones	32-39	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	157-165
30385723-2	2018	Here, we show that IQGAP1 is induced upon fasting and regulates beta-oxidation of fatty acids and synthesis of ketone bodies in the liver.	Ketones	111-117	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	Mus musculus	19-25
30385723-5	2018	However, reexpressing IQGAP1 in the livers of Iqgap1-/- mice was sufficient to promote ketone body synthesis, increase PPARalpha signaling, and suppress mTORC1 activity.	Ketones	87-93	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	Mus musculus	22-28
30385723-5	2018	However, reexpressing IQGAP1 in the livers of Iqgap1-/- mice was sufficient to promote ketone body synthesis, increase PPARalpha signaling, and suppress mTORC1 activity.	Ketones	87-93	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	Mus musculus	46-52
30184423-0	2018	sp3 C-H Arylation and Alkylation Enabled by the Synergy of Triplet Excited Ketones and Nickel Catalysts.	Ketones	75-82	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
30218403-2	2018	Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body that has recently been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.	Ketones	32-38	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	129-172
30218403-2	2018	Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone body that has recently been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome.	Ketones	32-38	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	174-179
30073768-0	2018	Increases in circulating levels of ketone bodies and cardiovascular protection with SGLT2 inhibitors: Is low-grade inflammation the neglected component?	Ketones	35-41	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
30073768-3	2018	A relevant feature of SGLT2-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients is the increase in circulating levels of ketone bodies, which has been proposed to mediate part of the beneficial effects of this class of drugs, mainly through their bioenergetic properties.	Ketones	105-111	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	22-27
30073768-5	2018	In this framework, we hypothesize that, through their unique mechanism of action and by increasing circulating ketone bodies, SGLT2 inhibitors indirectly target the IL-1beta pathway and thus produce a consistent amelioration of low-grade inflammation, a clinically relevant phenomenon in diabetic patients with high CV risk.	Ketones	111-117	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	126-131
30073768-5	2018	In this framework, we hypothesize that, through their unique mechanism of action and by increasing circulating ketone bodies, SGLT2 inhibitors indirectly target the IL-1beta pathway and thus produce a consistent amelioration of low-grade inflammation, a clinically relevant phenomenon in diabetic patients with high CV risk.	Ketones	111-117	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	165-173
30382157-7	2018	Ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate suppressed Il15 gene induction in M1-polarized cultured macrophages, and a ketogenic diet reproduced the adipose tissue expansion without deteriorating systemic glucose metabolism in mice.	Ketones	0-6	interleukin 15	Mus musculus	44-48
30302452-0	2018	Rh(iii)-Catalyzed ortho-C-(sp2)-H amidation of ketones and aldehydes under synergistic ligand-accelerated catalysis.	Ketones	47-54	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
30240218-1	2018	A Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed highly diastereoselective one-pot sequential [3 + 3] dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aldehyde or ketone, N-alkyl hydroxylamine, and spirocyclopropyl oxindole is developed, allowing facile construction of spirocyclic oxindole-tetrahydro-1,2-oxazines with sufficient structural diversity.	Ketones	120-126	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	2-10
30322448-2	2018	We investigated the evolution of HMGCS2, the key enzyme required for ketone body biosynthesis (ketogenesis).	Ketones	69-75	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	33-39
30416849-2	2018	Two members of this family, MCT1 and MCT4, have been linked to key roles in the metabolic activity of tissues through the proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates, most notably L-lactate, ketone bodies, and pyruvate.	Ketones	192-198	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
30416849-2	2018	Two members of this family, MCT1 and MCT4, have been linked to key roles in the metabolic activity of tissues through the proton-coupled transport of monocarboxylates, most notably L-lactate, ketone bodies, and pyruvate.	Ketones	192-198	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	37-41
30184423-6	2018	Mechanistic experiments suggest that sp3 C-H abstraction occurs via HAT from the ketone triplet excited state.	Ketones	81-87	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	37-40
30141635-2	2018	Various alpha-bromodifluoromethyl substituted heterocycles, esters, amides, and ketones were successfully employed as the CF2 source.	Ketones	80-87	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
30254695-2	2018	The synthetic procedure comprised the stereoselective reduction of a ketone functionality in an ene-yne-one employing CBS as a catalyst and a Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling reaction as the key reaction steps.	Ketones	69-75	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	118-121
30080973-1	2018	The mechanism of CF3 transfer from R3SiCF3 (R = Me, Et, iPr) to ketones and aldehydes, initiated by M+X- (&lt;0.004 to 10 mol %), has been investigated by analysis of kinetics (variable-ratio stopped-flow NMR and IR), 13C/2H KIEs, LFER, addition of ligands (18-c-6, crypt-222), and density functional theory calculations.	Ketones	64-71	complement C6	Homo sapiens	261-264
29870246-1	2018	Herein, we report a chemoselective P(NMe2)3-mediated reductive epoxidation of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds such as isatins, alpha-keto esters, and alpha-diketones with aldehydes and ketones, leading to an efficient synthesis of a wide range of highly functionalized unsymmetrical epoxides in moderate to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.	Ketones	153-160	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	37-41
30095842-4	2018	The selectivity correlates well with the CoI/II redox potential within the same cobalt catalyst series (span 240 mV (1R) and 290 mV (2R)), with electron donating ligands favoring ketone reduction over H2 evolution.	Ketones	179-185	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I	Homo sapiens	41-44
30020791-0	2018	A Rh-Catalyzed Air and Moisture Tolerable Aldehyde (Ketone)-Directed Fluorosulfonylvinylation of Aryl C( sp2)-H Bonds.	Ketones	52-58	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
30020791-1	2018	The first Rh-catalyzed activation of ortho sp2 C-H bonds of aldehydes (ketones) for monoselective coupling with ethenesulfonyl fluoride was accomplished without covalent or transient preinstallation of imines.	Ketones	71-78	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
30061204-3	2018	Because 4-HPR can hydrolyze to liberate RA, a potent human teratogen, the unhydrolyzable ketone analog of 4-HPR, 4-hydroxybenzylretinone (4-HBR) has been prepared and has been found to cause apoptosis in tumor cells and shrink carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors as 4-HPR does.	Ketones	89-95	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	10-13
30061204-3	2018	Because 4-HPR can hydrolyze to liberate RA, a potent human teratogen, the unhydrolyzable ketone analog of 4-HPR, 4-hydroxybenzylretinone (4-HBR) has been prepared and has been found to cause apoptosis in tumor cells and shrink carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors as 4-HPR does.	Ketones	89-95	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
30061204-3	2018	Because 4-HPR can hydrolyze to liberate RA, a potent human teratogen, the unhydrolyzable ketone analog of 4-HPR, 4-hydroxybenzylretinone (4-HBR) has been prepared and has been found to cause apoptosis in tumor cells and shrink carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors as 4-HPR does.	Ketones	89-95	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
30073144-4	2018	SGLT2 inhibitor therapy was initiated in a successful attempt to augment ketone production.	Ketones	73-79	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
30159178-9	2018	SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with euDKA, most likely as a result of their non-insulin-dependent glucose clearance, hyperglucagonemia, and decreased ketone clearance.	Ketones	152-158	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
30026775-1	2018	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by an inborn error of isoleucine catabolism and affecting ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	140-146	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta	Homo sapiens	0-17
29914687-6	2018	Today, many of these pro-inflammatory responses can be related to the activation of specific G protein-coupled receptors, including GPR41/FFA3 and GPR43/FFA2 for SCFA; GPR40/FFA1 and GPR120/FFA4 for LCFA, GPR109A/HCA2 for ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, and GPR81/HCA1 for lactate, all expressed in different bovine tissues.	Ketones	222-228	free fatty acid receptor 3	Bos taurus	132-137
29967007-3	2018	A TaqMan custom array was performed to examine the expression of a total of 43 genes involved in glucose and ketone body transport and metabolism, focusing on pathways leading to the generation of acetyl-CoA, in human ApoE gene-targeted replacement female mice.	Ketones	109-115	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	218-222
29967007-6	2018	Interestingly, on the uptake and metabolism of ketone bodies, the secondary energy source for the brain, ApoE2 and ApoE4 brains showed a similar level of robustness, whereas ApoE3 brains presented a relatively deficient profile.	Ketones	47-53	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	105-110
29967007-6	2018	Interestingly, on the uptake and metabolism of ketone bodies, the secondary energy source for the brain, ApoE2 and ApoE4 brains showed a similar level of robustness, whereas ApoE3 brains presented a relatively deficient profile.	Ketones	47-53	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	115-120
30128080-0	2018	Tariquidar-Related Chalcones and Ketones as ABCG2 Modulators.	Ketones	33-40	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	44-49
30128080-7	2018	When compared to transporters ABCB1 and ABCC1, the chalcone-based compounds exhibited selectivity for ABCG2, while the ketone-based compounds showed only a slight preference for ABCG2.	Ketones	119-125	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	178-183
30038321-7	2018	Microbial functions prediction indicated a greater metabolic potential for degradation of aminoacids, lipids and ketone bodies in a-CD microbiome than in control and GFD microbiomes, in which polysaccharide metabolism predominated.	Ketones	113-119	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	130-134
29634559-2	2018	To prevent convulsions and maintain an energy source for the brain in patients with GLUT1DS, the maintenance of adequate ketone body concentrations, compensation of metabolic acidosis, and reduction of surgical stress are essential.	Ketones	121-127	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	84-91
29601190-2	2018	The treatment of the silylated enol ether 8 with a wide range of acetals in the presence of tin tetrachloride led to a the diastereoselective construction of the C-9 quaternary center of 33 new building blocks derived from the Wieland-Miescher ketone derivative 3.	Ketones	244-250	complement C9	Homo sapiens	162-165
29602221-7	2018	Through the introduction of strong electron-withdrawing ketone combined with a cyano group, PT3 shows a cyan emission upon detection of ClO- and weak red emission upon detection of ONOO- .	Ketones	56-62	neuronal PAS domain protein 4 like	Danio rerio	136-139
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	144-175
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	177-183
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29899991-9	2018	Learning points: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) may develop in the presence of lower-than-expected blood glucose levels in patients treated with a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor.Certain individuals prescribed with SGLT-2 inhibitors may be more at risk of DKA, for example, those with a low beta cell function reserve, excessive alcohol consumption and a low carbohydrate diet.In order to reduce the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-associated DKA, all patients must be carefully selected before prescription of the medication and appropriately educated.Increased serum ketone levels and glucosuria have been reported to persist for several days despite discontinuation of their SGLT-2 inhibitor.Physicians should consider individualised treatment regimens for subjects with prolonged DKA in the presence of SGLT-2 inhibition.	Ketones	578-584	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
29637793-4	2018	SIRT5 regulates protein substrates involved in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, electron transport chain, ketone body formation, nitrogenous waste management, and ROS detoxification, among other processes.	Ketones	122-128	sirtuin 5	Homo sapiens	0-5
29658278-2	2018	During the reduction of ketone to the corresponding alcohol by LiAlH4, the mixture of endo and exo isomers underwent a novel diastereoconvergent LiAlH4-mediated isomerization to install the desired stereochemistry at C10a.	Ketones	24-30	endogenous retrovirus group K member 16	Homo sapiens	217-221
29341404-0	2018	Intra- and inter-subject variability for increases in serum ketone bodies in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with the sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin.	Ketones	60-66	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	124-155
29316143-0	2018	Basal insulin peglispro increases lipid oxidation, metabolic flexibility, thermogenesis and ketone bodies compared to insulin glargine in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.	Ketones	92-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
29341404-1	2018	Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been associated with increased serum ketone body levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Ketones	93-99	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-31
29341404-1	2018	Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been associated with increased serum ketone body levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Ketones	93-99	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	33-38
29341404-9	2018	Moreover, changes in serum ketones were not fully explained by changes in plasma fatty acids, suggesting downstream effects of SGLT2 inhibition on hepatic metabolism that favour ketogenesis.	Ketones	27-34	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
29710809-3	2018	B-Hydroxybutyrate, the most studied ketone body, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial respiration: it stimulates the cellular endogenous antioxidant system with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), it modulates the ratio between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and it increases the efficiency of electron transport chain through the expression of uncoupling proteins.	Ketones	36-42	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	240-291
29938027-1	2018	Catalytic chemo- and enantioselective generation of tertiary benzylic copper complexes from Cu-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) additions to 1,1-disubstituted alkenes followed by in situ reactions with ketones and carboxylic acid phenol esters to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds that contain quaternary stereogenic centers is presented.	Ketones	195-202	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	92-101
29938027-1	2018	Catalytic chemo- and enantioselective generation of tertiary benzylic copper complexes from Cu-B(pin) (pin = pinacolato) additions to 1,1-disubstituted alkenes followed by in situ reactions with ketones and carboxylic acid phenol esters to construct multifunctional alkylboron compounds that contain quaternary stereogenic centers is presented.	Ketones	195-202	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
29710809-3	2018	B-Hydroxybutyrate, the most studied ketone body, has been shown to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), improving mitochondrial respiration: it stimulates the cellular endogenous antioxidant system with the activation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), it modulates the ratio between the oxidized and reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+/NADH) and it increases the efficiency of electron transport chain through the expression of uncoupling proteins.	Ketones	36-42	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	293-297
29632183-4	2018	OR5AN1 responds at nanomolar concentrations to musk ketone and robustly to macrocyclic sulfoxides and fluorine-substituted macrocyclic ketones; OR1A1 responds only to nitromusks.	Ketones	135-142	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
29632183-4	2018	OR5AN1 responds at nanomolar concentrations to musk ketone and robustly to macrocyclic sulfoxides and fluorine-substituted macrocyclic ketones; OR1A1 responds only to nitromusks.	Ketones	52-58	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
29611860-1	2018	Homoleptic lanthanide complexes coordinated by a Me-substituted Cp ligand [(MeCp)3Ln] demonstrate unprecedentedly high efficiency in catalyzing the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane.	Ketones	179-186	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	76-80
29446830-3	2018	The results obtained show that consuming a ketone monoester supplement 30 min prior to an OGTT reduced the glycaemic response and markers of insulin sensitivity without affecting insulin secretion.	Ketones	43-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
29446830-5	2018	ABSTRACT: The main objectives of the present study were: (i) to determine whether acute ingestion of ketone monoester (Kme ); (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate impacts plasma glucose levels during a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and (ii) to compare changes in insulin concentrations and estimates of insulin sensitivity after acute Kme supplementation.	Ketones	101-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	285-292
29446830-5	2018	ABSTRACT: The main objectives of the present study were: (i) to determine whether acute ingestion of ketone monoester (Kme ); (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate impacts plasma glucose levels during a standardized oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and (ii) to compare changes in insulin concentrations and estimates of insulin sensitivity after acute Kme supplementation.	Ketones	101-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	325-332
29649104-7	2018	We showed that GPR40 signaling positively impacts ketone body production in beta-cells, and chronic treatment with beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) improves beta-cell function.	Ketones	50-56	free fatty acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
29317401-9	2018	In HF, chronic FSTL1 infusion stably normalized cardiac free fatty acid, glucose, ketone body consumption, and systemic respiratory quotient, while moderately improving diastolic and contractile function.	Ketones	82-88	follistatin like 1	Canis lupus familiaris	15-20
29407967-4	2018	The secondary amine 23a (Ki = 7.9 nM) and the ketone 26a (Ki = 8.6 nM) displayed high CB2 affinity and CB2:CB1 selectivity in in vitro radioligand binding studies.	Ketones	46-52	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	86-89
29407967-4	2018	The secondary amine 23a (Ki = 7.9 nM) and the ketone 26a (Ki = 8.6 nM) displayed high CB2 affinity and CB2:CB1 selectivity in in vitro radioligand binding studies.	Ketones	46-52	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	103-106
29407967-4	2018	The secondary amine 23a (Ki = 7.9 nM) and the ketone 26a (Ki = 8.6 nM) displayed high CB2 affinity and CB2:CB1 selectivity in in vitro radioligand binding studies.	Ketones	46-52	cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain)	Mus musculus	107-110
29311302-5	2018	Using noncachexic and fasted animals as controls, we report a unique cachexia metabolite phenotype that includes the loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) -dependent ketone production by the liver.	Ketones	197-203	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	125-173
29311302-5	2018	Using noncachexic and fasted animals as controls, we report a unique cachexia metabolite phenotype that includes the loss of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) -dependent ketone production by the liver.	Ketones	197-203	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	175-184
29311302-7	2018	Restoring ketone production using the PPARalpha agonist, fenofibrate, prevents the loss of skeletal muscle mass and body weight.	Ketones	10-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	38-47
29618313-12	2018	Lastly, the SGLT-2 inhibitors-related higher ketones bioavailability might offer a better "fuel" to the myocardium.	Ketones	45-52	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-18
29527402-1	2018	We report the alkynylation of C(sp2)-H bonds with bromoalkynes (inverse-Sonogashira reaction) directed by synthetically useful ester, ketone, and ether groups under rhodium catalysis.	Ketones	134-140	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	30-35
29119686-0	2018	Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate mimics calorie restriction via the Nrf2 activator, fumarate, in the retina.	Ketones	0-6	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
29058362-0	2018	The ketone body metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate induces an antidepression-associated ramification of microglia via HDACs inhibition-triggered Akt-small RhoGTPase activation.	Ketones	4-10	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	142-145
29298881-4	2018	Pathway analysis on the up-regulated gene list untraveled enrichment in multiple signaling pathways including insulin receptor signaling, focal Adhesion, metapathway biotransformation, a number of metabolic pathways e.g. selenium metabolism, Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, fatty acid, triacylglycerol, ketone body metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and catalytic cycle of mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMOs).	Ketones	298-304	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
29235696-3	2018	This study demonstrates the utilization of a well-defined amidinatocalcium iodide, [PhC(NiPr)2 CaI] (1) for cyanosilylation of a variety of aldehydes and ketones with Me3 SiCN under ambient conditions without the need of any co-catalyst.	Ketones	154-161	malic enzyme 3	Homo sapiens	167-170
29218809-3	2018	Such trimetallic cluster has proved to be a suitable platform for developing the unprecedented non-redox rare-earth-mediated oxygen atom transfer from ketones to CS2 and PhNCS.	Ketones	151-158	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	162-165
29346768-3	2018	Here, we show that activation of a subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive neurons in the rostral region of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) induces selection of an HCD over an HFD in mice during refeeding after fasting, resulting in a rapid recovery from the change in ketone metabolism.	Ketones	293-299	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	45-76
29346768-3	2018	Here, we show that activation of a subset of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-positive neurons in the rostral region of the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) induces selection of an HCD over an HFD in mice during refeeding after fasting, resulting in a rapid recovery from the change in ketone metabolism.	Ketones	293-299	corticotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	78-81
29065221-11	2018	Moreover, the administration of berberine was shown to promote hepatic gene expression and circulating levels of FGF21 and ketone bodies in mice in a SIRT1-dependent manner.	Ketones	123-129	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	150-155
29247992-3	2018	The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to sense metabolites such as palmitate, uric acid, and cholesterol crystals and is inhibited by ketone bodies produced during metabolic flux.	Ketones	134-140	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
29242353-5	2017	To investigate the significance of this augmented ketone body oxidation, we generated heart-specific Bdh1-overexpressing transgenic mice to recapitulate the observed increase in basal ketone body oxidation.	Ketones	184-190	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	101-105
28726122-1	2018	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization that predisposes to episodic ketoacidosis.	Ketones	144-150	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
28726122-1	2018	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) deficiency is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization that predisposes to episodic ketoacidosis.	Ketones	144-150	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	19-57
29280746-4	2017	In HH due to the inhibitory effect of insulin on lipolysis and ketogenesis there is suppressed ketone body formation in the presence of hypoglycaemia thus leading to increased risk of hypoglycaemic brain injury.	Ketones	95-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
29242353-6	2017	Bdh1 transgenic mice showed a 1.7-fold increase in ketone body oxidation but did not exhibit any differences in other baseline characteristics.	Ketones	51-57	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	0-4
27940338-7	2017	Our study provides insight into the mechanism by which energy-producing intermediates such as AKG inhibit tyrosinase through its ketone groups.	Ketones	129-135	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	106-116
28836226-4	2017	Recently the ketone body, beta-hydroxy butyrate (BHB), was shown to efficiently inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, and in vivo models of inflammatory disease.	Ketones	13-19	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	92-97
28812076-2	2017	The combination of [WZn3(H2O)2(ZnW9O34)2]12- and Co(ii) provides a synergistical catalytic way to promote oximation of aldehyde/ketone with in situ generated hydroxylamine that initially produces an oxime, which further either dehydrates into a nitrile or undergoes a Beckmann rearrangement to form an amide.	Ketones	128-134	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	49-55
29107291-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: In high-fat fed mice, loss of S6K1 mimics endurance exercise training by reducing mitochondrial ROS production and upregulating oxidative utilization of ketone bodies.	Ketones	166-172	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	43-47
29044144-1	2017	The generally thought unstable diol compound tetrazyl gem-diol (1, H2DTMdiol 2H2O), was firstly obtained in crystalline form by culturing the filtrate for ten days after acidification and filtration of aqueous solution of potassium salt of ketone (2, [K(HDTMone) 2H2O]n).	Ketones	240-246	GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	54-57
29044144-3	2017	Meanwhile, the undissolved ketone (3, H2DTMone) was separated during the filtration in the process of gem-diol compound production.	Ketones	27-33	GTP binding protein overexpressed in skeletal muscle	Homo sapiens	102-105
29031717-6	2017	RESULTS: In STZ-diabetic mice, a single injection of Gcgr siRNA lowered blood glucose levels for 3 weeks, improved glucose tolerance, and normalized plasma ketones levels, while leptin therapy normalized blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance, and plasma ketones, and suppressed lipid metabolism.	Ketones	156-163	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
29031717-6	2017	RESULTS: In STZ-diabetic mice, a single injection of Gcgr siRNA lowered blood glucose levels for 3 weeks, improved glucose tolerance, and normalized plasma ketones levels, while leptin therapy normalized blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance, and plasma ketones, and suppressed lipid metabolism.	Ketones	261-268	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	53-57
28753731-1	2017	A divergent synthesis of optically active quaternary Delta4 - and Delta5 -dehydro prolines is developed based on the first catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of alpha-substituted isocyano(thio)acetates to vinyl ketones that is general for both alpha-aryl and alpha-alkyl isocyano(thio)acetates.	Ketones	222-229	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
28846375-3	2017	We now report the crystal structure of the HDAC8-trapoxin A complex at 1.24 A resolution, revealing that the ketone moiety of l-Aoe undergoes nucleophilic attack to form a zinc-bound tetrahedral gem-diolate that mimics the tetrahedral intermediate and its flanking transition states in catalysis.	Ketones	109-115	histone deacetylase 8	Homo sapiens	43-48
28923436-5	2017	Serum metabolites (B-hydroxybutyrate and palmitoleic acid) indicating ketone body production and activation of stearoyl-CoAdesaturase were significantly increased by administration of Vit E-NE.	Ketones	70-76	vitrin	Rattus norvegicus	184-187
28695376-1	2017	Succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, gene symbol OXCT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder in ketone body utilization that results in severe recurrent ketoacidotic episodes in infancy, including neonatal periods.	Ketones	114-120	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
28695376-1	2017	Succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, gene symbol OXCT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder in ketone body utilization that results in severe recurrent ketoacidotic episodes in infancy, including neonatal periods.	Ketones	114-120	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
28695376-1	2017	Succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, gene symbol OXCT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder in ketone body utilization that results in severe recurrent ketoacidotic episodes in infancy, including neonatal periods.	Ketones	114-120	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
28695376-6	2017	Over the following 2 years (2013-2014), we analyzed OXCT1 mutations in six more patients presenting with severe ketoacidosis (blood pH  7.25 and total ketone body  10 mmol/L) with non-specific urinary organic acid profiles.	Ketones	151-157	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
28813167-9	2017	In contrast to the in vitro assay, despite impaired LD degradation, kidney ATP content was preserved in 48-h starved atg5-TSKO mice, probably due to increased utilization of ketone bodies.	Ketones	174-180	autophagy related 5	Mus musculus	117-121
28334746-4	2017	In the present article, we describe an infant who smelt of ketones during examination and who was diagnosed with transient NDM caused by a ZFP57 mutation, accompanied by ketoacidosis.	Ketones	59-66	ZFP57 zinc finger protein	Homo sapiens	139-144
28931870-2	2017	Here we investigated expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) 2 lyase (HMGCL), an essential enzyme in ketogenesis, which produces ketone bodies by the breakdown of fatty acids to supply energy, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).	Ketones	151-157	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	92-97
28743509-8	2017	Such activities were absent in 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propiophenone (SSE14106H2) demonstrating the importance of conjugated ketone for antiproliferative and p53 stabilizing activity of the chalcones.	Ketones	120-126	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	153-156
28683591-8	2017	The ketone metabolite betaOHB inhibited HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 activity, but not HDAC8 in SCI rats and PC12 cells.	Ketones	4-10	histone deacetylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
28683591-8	2017	The ketone metabolite betaOHB inhibited HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 activity, but not HDAC8 in SCI rats and PC12 cells.	Ketones	4-10	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
28683591-8	2017	The ketone metabolite betaOHB inhibited HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC3 activity, but not HDAC8 in SCI rats and PC12 cells.	Ketones	4-10	histone deacetylase 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
28683591-10	2017	Our results indicate that the ketone metabolite betaOHB attenuates oxidative stress in SCI by inhibition of class I HDACs, and selected suppression of HDAC1 or HDAC2 regulates FOXO3a, NOX2, and NOX4 expression.	Ketones	30-36	NADPH oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
28043175-3	2017	Specifically, we found that ketones modulate the NRPL3 inflammasome, augment anti-oxidation against reactive oxygen species through various direct and indirect means, and may influence mTOR activity, which are all involved in inflammatory dermatologic diseases to an extent.	Ketones	28-35	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	185-189
28689740-1	2017	2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (MAT) deficiency, also known as beta-ketothiolase deficiency, is an inborn error of ketone body utilization and isoleucine catabolism.	Ketones	124-130	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
28689740-1	2017	2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (MAT) deficiency, also known as beta-ketothiolase deficiency, is an inborn error of ketone body utilization and isoleucine catabolism.	Ketones	124-130	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-89
28795696-1	2017	The long-standing problem of achieving high activity of a thermophilic enzyme at low temperatures and short reaction times with little tradeoff in thermostability has been solved by directed evolution, an alcohol dehydrogenase found in hot springs serving as the catalyst in enantioselective ketone reductions.	Ketones	292-298	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	205-226
28684065-0	2017	The role of OXCT1 in the pathogenesis of cancer as a rate-limiting enzyme of ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	77-83	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
28684065-2	2017	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) is a key enzyme in ketone body metabolism that catalyzes the first and rate-determining step of ketolysis.	Ketones	55-61	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-27
28684065-2	2017	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1 (OXCT1) is a key enzyme in ketone body metabolism that catalyzes the first and rate-determining step of ketolysis.	Ketones	55-61	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
28646031-7	2017	Incubation of cardiomyocytes with [13C]leucine ascertained its metabolism to ketone bodies (KBs), which had a similar negative impact on insulin-stimulated glucose transport.	Ketones	77-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
28646031-12	2017	They offer new insights into the establishment of insulin resistance in the heart.NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine into ketone bodies efficiently inhibits cardiac glucose uptake through decreased translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane.	Ketones	160-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
28646031-12	2017	They offer new insights into the establishment of insulin resistance in the heart.NEW &amp; NOTEWORTHY Catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid leucine into ketone bodies efficiently inhibits cardiac glucose uptake through decreased translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane.	Ketones	160-166	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Homo sapiens	253-274
28712324-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays a critical role in drug metabolism of ketones and aldehydes.	Ketones	86-93	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	14-34
28712324-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) plays a critical role in drug metabolism of ketones and aldehydes.	Ketones	86-93	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	36-40
28650516-1	2017	A simple and efficient asymmetric synthesis of novel sp3 -rich pyrrolidine chemical scaffolds over five steps starting from simple ketones is described.	Ketones	131-138	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	53-56
28903979-3	2017	Genetic ablation of OGT in mouse livers reduces autophagic flux and the production of glucose and ketone bodies.	Ketones	98-104	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase)	Mus musculus	20-23
28576733-12	2017	The reduction in ZAG may participate in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of epilepsy by interacting with p-ERK and TGF-beta1, promoting inflammation, regulating the metabolism of ketone bodies, or affecting other epilepsy-related molecules.	Ketones	183-189	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	17-20
28512002-7	2017	PDH catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, SDH oxidizes succinate into fumarate, and HMGCS2 controls the synthesis of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	152-158	pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
28512002-7	2017	PDH catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, SDH oxidizes succinate into fumarate, and HMGCS2 controls the synthesis of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	152-158	succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B	Homo sapiens	73-76
28512002-7	2017	PDH catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, SDH oxidizes succinate into fumarate, and HMGCS2 controls the synthesis of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	152-158	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	115-121
28412387-6	2017	Additionally, GC increased monocarboxylate transporter 4 (Mct4) expression in SC, a transporter involved in ketone bodies exit.	Ketones	108-114	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	27-56
28099783-10	2017	Moreover, we outline potential beneficial effects of modestly elevated ketone body levels on organ function that may have therapeutic relevance for the observed beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney and cardiovascular system.	Ketones	71-77	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	183-188
28412387-6	2017	Additionally, GC increased monocarboxylate transporter 4 (Mct4) expression in SC, a transporter involved in ketone bodies exit.	Ketones	108-114	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
28412387-8	2017	We observed that GCCM and bFGF stimulated ketone bodies production but that IGF1 did not modify it.	Ketones	42-48	fibroblast growth factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
28178390-3	2017	Furthermore, whole-body energy metabolism changes to relative glucose deficiency and triggers increased lipolysis in fat cells, and fatty acid oxidation and then ketone body production in the liver during treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors.	Ketones	162-168	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	220-225
28631071-0	2017	Oxidation of C18 Hydroxy-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Epoxide or Ketone by Catalase-Related Hemoproteins Activated with Iodosylbenzene.	Ketones	67-73	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	13-16
28631071-0	2017	Oxidation of C18 Hydroxy-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Epoxide or Ketone by Catalase-Related Hemoproteins Activated with Iodosylbenzene.	Ketones	67-73	catalase	Homo sapiens	77-85
28393214-1	2017	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) (gene symbol: ACAT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization.	Ketones	147-153	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
28473467-10	2017	Moreover, mice overexpressing hepatic Ppp1r3b upon long-term fasting (12-36 h) were protected from blood ketone-body accumulation, unlike control and Ppp1r3bDeltahep mice.	Ketones	105-111	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3B	Mus musculus	38-45
28468827-3	2017	Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer.	Ketones	205-211	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	139-152
28468827-3	2017	Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer.	Ketones	205-211	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	154-159
28468827-3	2017	Using an RNAi-based screen targeting the majority of the known metabolic proteins, we recently found that oncogenic BRAFV600E up-regulates HMG-CoA lyase (HMGCL), which converts HMG-CoA to acetyl-CoA and a ketone body, acetoacetate, that selectively enhances BRAFV600E-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancer.	Ketones	205-211	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	278-282
29774995-12	2017	Conclusion:MCT-1 is an importer of L-lactate and ketone bodies into cells, and high expression of MCT-1 induces high OXPHOS and low glycolytic states.	Ketones	49-55	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
28128510-0	2017	Determinants of the increase in ketone concentration during SGLT2 inhibition in NGT, IFG and T2DM patients.	Ketones	32-38	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	60-65
28128510-1	2017	AIM: To examine metabolic factors that influence ketone production after sodium-glucose cotransport inhibitor (SGLT2) administration.	Ketones	49-55	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	111-116
28128510-7	2017	An index that integrates change in plasma glucose, insulin and FFA concentration at day 1 strongly correlates with plasma ketone concentration at day 1 (r = 0.85, P &lt; .001) and day 14 (r = 0.63, r = 0.01) and predicts, with 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity, subjects at the top tertile for plasma ketone concentration after empagliflozin treatment.	Ketones	122-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
28128510-7	2017	An index that integrates change in plasma glucose, insulin and FFA concentration at day 1 strongly correlates with plasma ketone concentration at day 1 (r = 0.85, P &lt; .001) and day 14 (r = 0.63, r = 0.01) and predicts, with 86% sensitivity and 83% specificity, subjects at the top tertile for plasma ketone concentration after empagliflozin treatment.	Ketones	303-309	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
28325783-0	2017	Renal Handling of Ketones in Response to Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.	Ketones	18-25	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	41-71
28574723-14	2017	However, the management of the postexercise rise in ketones secondary to counter-regulatory hormone-induced insulin resistance observed with HIIE may represent a challenge for closed-loop systems.	Ketones	52-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
28258188-7	2017	Consistent with the increased reliance on the energy-consuming gluconeogenic pathway, plasma free fatty acids and ketones were elevated in mice expressing 4K-R GAPDH, suggesting enhanced lipolysis and hepatic fatty acid oxidation.	Ketones	114-121	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	160-165
28393214-1	2017	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) (gene symbol: ACAT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization.	Ketones	147-153	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
28588499-8	2017	As enhanced mTORC1 activation following KE suggests higher protein synthesis rates, we used myogenic C2C12 cells to further confirm that ketone bodies increase both leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation and protein synthesis in muscle cells.	Ketones	137-143	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	12-18
28589154-11	2017	To prevent this potentially dangerous complication, patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors who become ill should discontinue the medication, undergo ketone evaluation, and start basal insulin, if ketones are positive.	Ketones	143-149	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
28589154-11	2017	To prevent this potentially dangerous complication, patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors who become ill should discontinue the medication, undergo ketone evaluation, and start basal insulin, if ketones are positive.	Ketones	190-197	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
28588499-8	2017	As enhanced mTORC1 activation following KE suggests higher protein synthesis rates, we used myogenic C2C12 cells to further confirm that ketone bodies increase both leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation and protein synthesis in muscle cells.	Ketones	137-143	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	182-188
28588499-10	2017	In vitro, we confirmed that ketone bodies potentiate the increase in mTORC1 activation and protein synthesis in leucine-stimulated myotubes.	Ketones	28-34	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	69-75
28496348-9	2017	Recent beneficial effects of ketone body production and this shift in fuel energetics have been suggested based on the findings of protective cardiovascular benefits associated with one of the SGLT2 inhibitors.	Ketones	29-35	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	193-198
28509873-5	2017	Alicyclic alcohols ((-)-menthol and isoborneol) and ketones ((-)-carvone) promoted similar activity against the parasite (IC50 between 190.2 and 198.9 mug mL-1).	Ketones	52-59	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	155-159
28284700-6	2017	In contrast, expression of HMGCS2 (encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of ketone bodies) decreased linearly, whereas the expression of MCT2 (encoding a transporter of volatile fatty acid) increased linearly with increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber to starch ratio.	Ketones	89-95	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Bos taurus	27-33
27761730-6	2017	Total ketones were increased 81 muM ([38 135], p &lt; 0.001) when blood glucose was targeted to tight (4.4-6.1 mM) compared with loose glycemic control (6.7-8.3 mM), corresponding to a 60 % increase.	Ketones	6-13	latexin	Homo sapiens	32-35
28220263-1	2017	Beta-ketothiolase (T2) deficiency is an inherited disease of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism caused by mutations in the ACAT1 gene.	Ketones	76-82	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta	Homo sapiens	0-17
28220263-1	2017	Beta-ketothiolase (T2) deficiency is an inherited disease of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism caused by mutations in the ACAT1 gene.	Ketones	76-82	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
28255778-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency affects ketone body and isoleucine catabolism.	Ketones	75-81	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	12-50
28320515-8	2017	Collectively, HMGCS2 shares with ketone bodies common features in autophagic clearance of APP and CTFs, suggesting that ketone bodies play an important role in HMGCS2 regulation of the autophagy.	Ketones	120-126	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	14-20
28320515-8	2017	Collectively, HMGCS2 shares with ketone bodies common features in autophagic clearance of APP and CTFs, suggesting that ketone bodies play an important role in HMGCS2 regulation of the autophagy.	Ketones	120-126	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	160-166
28588816-1	2017	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are able to provoke diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with absence or low levels of ketone bodies in urine and slightly elevated blood glucose levels, which could delay the diagnosis; however, the presence of high urine output, due to the excretion of glucose, can help to identify the true cause.	Ketones	128-134	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
28588816-1	2017	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are able to provoke diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with absence or low levels of ketone bodies in urine and slightly elevated blood glucose levels, which could delay the diagnosis; however, the presence of high urine output, due to the excretion of glucose, can help to identify the true cause.	Ketones	128-134	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
28282136-1	2017	We recently reported a bis(imino)pyridine (or pyridine diimine, PDI) manganese precatalyst, (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn (1), that is active for the hydrosilylation of ketones and dihydrosilylation of esters.	Ketones	153-160	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	64-67
28761628-9	2017	Furthermore, in mAD group, the mean urinary ketone positivity was 1.75 +- 0.28 and increasing liver enzyme was shown 5 cases (14.7%) in mAD group and 5 cases (15.6%) in control group (P &lt; 0.050).	Ketones	44-50	MAX dimerization protein 1	Mus musculus	16-19
28303514-8	2017	In consequence, patients on sodium-glucose cotransporter2 inhibitors are recommended to perform regular blood ketone tests since they are not alerted to incipient diabetic ketoacidosis by glucose testing alone.	Ketones	110-116	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	28-57
28303514-11	2017	However, patients who are at risk for euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis when being treated with sodium-glucose cotransporter2 inhibitors should be specially advised to monitor blood ketone levels on a regular basis.	Ketones	181-187	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	95-124
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	mucin 2	Mus musculus	227-233
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	mucin 2	Mus musculus	235-239
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	intracisternal A particle, Eya1 linked	Mus musculus	252-255
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	257-275
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	keratin 20	Mus musculus	277-282
27935584-4	2017	Here, we show that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), an endogenous inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induces intestinal cell differentiation as noted by the increased expression of differentiation markers (Mucin2 (MUC2), lysozyme, IAP, sucrase-isomaltase, KRT20, villin, Caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and p21Waf1).	Ketones	23-29	caudal type homeobox 2	Mus musculus	340-344
28361105-1	2017	BACKGROUND: beta-ketothiolase (T2, gene symbol ACAT1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder, affecting isoleucine and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	126-132	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
28089569-3	2017	We recently reported that the ketone body acetoacetate selectively enhances BRAF V600E mutant-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancers.	Ketones	30-36	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	76-80
28089569-3	2017	We recently reported that the ketone body acetoacetate selectively enhances BRAF V600E mutant-dependent MEK1 activation in human cancers.	Ketones	30-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
27845231-11	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Insulin-dependent diabetes induced the enzymes of ketone body synthesis in the heart, including HMGCS2, as well as increasing enzymes of fatty acid oxidation.	Ketones	63-69	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
27845231-13	2017	Induction of HMGCS2, which is normally expressed only in the fetal and newborn heart, may indicate an adaptation by the heart to combat "metabolic inflexibility" by shifting the flux of excess intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from elevated fatty acid oxidation into ketone bodies, liberating free CoA to balance the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in favor of increased glucose oxidation through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.	Ketones	271-277	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
27925692-6	2017	The ketone-modified myristoylated Arf1 could be further labeled by fluorophore-coupled hydrazine and subsequently visualized through fluorescence imaging.	Ketones	4-10	ADP ribosylation factor 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
27878313-9	2017	Through glucosuria, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce body weight and body fat, and shift substrate utilisation from carbohydrates to lipids and, possibly, ketone bodies.	Ketones	146-152	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	20-25
27805203-3	2016	Tris-substituted pyrazoles, having a ketone functionality at the C-5 position, were obtained as the major product in ethanol, while di-substituted pyrazoles were predominantly formed in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol.	Ketones	37-43	complement C5	Homo sapiens	65-68
28365686-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The results indicate that APP/PS1 mice are more vulnerable to stress than C57 mice, and the metabolic mechanisms of stress-related cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice are related to multiple pathways and networks, including sphingolipid metabolism, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, and amino acid metabolism.	Ketones	291-297	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	171-174
27935189-4	2017	We also showed that the fasting-induced production of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) enhances expression of the glucose transporter gene Slc2a1 (Glut1) via histone modification.	Ketones	58-64	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	154-160
27935189-4	2017	We also showed that the fasting-induced production of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) enhances expression of the glucose transporter gene Slc2a1 (Glut1) via histone modification.	Ketones	58-64	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	162-167
27928777-1	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency) is an inherited disease of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization caused by ACAT1 mutations.	Ketones	139-145	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
27928777-1	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency) is an inherited disease of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization caused by ACAT1 mutations.	Ketones	139-145	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	30-68
27928777-1	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency) is an inherited disease of isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization caused by ACAT1 mutations.	Ketones	139-145	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
29624230-4	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, MAT or T2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism due to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) gene mutations.	Ketones	149-155	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
29624230-4	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, MAT or T2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism due to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) gene mutations.	Ketones	149-155	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	30-68
29624230-4	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, MAT or T2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism due to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) gene mutations.	Ketones	149-155	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
29624230-4	2017	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, MAT or T2 deficiency) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism due to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) gene mutations.	Ketones	149-155	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	179-209
32625258-0	2017	Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 63, Revision 3 (FGE.63Rev3): aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters evaluated by JECFA (59th and 69th meetings) structurally related to saturated and unsaturated aliphatic secondary alcohols, ketones and esters of secondary alcohols and saturated linear or branched-chain carboxylic acids evaluated by EFSA in FGE.07Rev4.	Ketones	260-267	sulfatase modifying factor 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
28082736-3	2017	Here we describe a radical-mediated, directing-group-free regioselective 1,5-hydrogen transfer of unactivated Csp3-H bonds followed by a second Csp2-H functionalization to produce, with exquisite stereoselectivity, a variety of elaborated fused ketones.	Ketones	245-252	regulator of calcineurin 2	Homo sapiens	144-148
28085920-15	2017	We reveal BDH1 expression as an early biomarker of heart failure and its potential impact, through ketone signaling, on CX-43 levels in E2F6-induced DCM.	Ketones	99-105	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	10-14
26961315-1	2017	Synthesis and structure activity relationships of four series of novel 2-imino-2H-chromene-3(N-aryl) carboxamides (V-VIII) have been described by bioisosteric replacement of usually present ketone at 2nd position of coumarin with imine.	Ketones	190-196	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	117-121
28216893-0	2017	Effects of Insecticidal Ketones Present in Mint Plants on GABAA Receptor from Mammalian Neurons.	Ketones	24-31	spen family transcriptional repressor	Homo sapiens	43-47
27896953-5	2016	Long-chain ketones/alcohols (C8 -C19 ), which can be used as precursors for renewable jet/diesel fuel, were obtained in good-to-high selectivity (&gt;90 %) by using the developed Pd catalyst.	Ketones	11-18	F-box and leucine rich repeat protein 15	Homo sapiens	86-89
27931220-0	2016	Native musk and synthetic musk ketone strongly induced the growth repression and the apoptosis of cancer cells.	Ketones	31-37	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-30
27931220-17	2016	Native musk and synthetic musk ketone can up-regulate IL-24 (interleukin family) and DDIT3 (MAPK signalling pathway) in lung cancer cells.	Ketones	31-37	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	26-30
27931220-17	2016	Native musk and synthetic musk ketone can up-regulate IL-24 (interleukin family) and DDIT3 (MAPK signalling pathway) in lung cancer cells.	Ketones	31-37	interleukin 24	Homo sapiens	54-59
27931220-17	2016	Native musk and synthetic musk ketone can up-regulate IL-24 (interleukin family) and DDIT3 (MAPK signalling pathway) in lung cancer cells.	Ketones	31-37	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	85-90
27931220-18	2016	CONCLUSIONS: This research provided strong evidence that native musk and synthetic musk ketone can induce the growth repression and the apoptosis of cancer cells.	Ketones	88-94	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	83-87
27931220-20	2016	Synthetic musk ketone can substitute for native musk to treat cancer patients.	Ketones	15-21	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	10-14
27884102-6	2016	Some of them must be highlighted, such as: ACSM3 and ACSS1 genes, which work as a precursor in fatty acid synthesis; DGAT2 gene that acts in the deposition of saturated fat in the adipose tissue; GPP and LPL genes that support the synthesis of insulin, stimulating both the glucose synthesis and the amino acids entry into the cells; and the BDH1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies used in the synthesis of ATP.	Ketones	411-417	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	43-48
27884102-6	2016	Some of them must be highlighted, such as: ACSM3 and ACSS1 genes, which work as a precursor in fatty acid synthesis; DGAT2 gene that acts in the deposition of saturated fat in the adipose tissue; GPP and LPL genes that support the synthesis of insulin, stimulating both the glucose synthesis and the amino acids entry into the cells; and the BDH1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies used in the synthesis of ATP.	Ketones	411-417	acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
27884102-6	2016	Some of them must be highlighted, such as: ACSM3 and ACSS1 genes, which work as a precursor in fatty acid synthesis; DGAT2 gene that acts in the deposition of saturated fat in the adipose tissue; GPP and LPL genes that support the synthesis of insulin, stimulating both the glucose synthesis and the amino acids entry into the cells; and the BDH1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies used in the synthesis of ATP.	Ketones	411-417	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	117-122
27884102-6	2016	Some of them must be highlighted, such as: ACSM3 and ACSS1 genes, which work as a precursor in fatty acid synthesis; DGAT2 gene that acts in the deposition of saturated fat in the adipose tissue; GPP and LPL genes that support the synthesis of insulin, stimulating both the glucose synthesis and the amino acids entry into the cells; and the BDH1 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies used in the synthesis of ATP.	Ketones	411-417	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	342-346
27774563-4	2016	Reaction of 1 with an extra equivalent of aldehyde (NCHO) and PR3 led to the formation of [RhCl(H)(NCO)(PR3)2] (3) and an equivalent of ketone, which is a hydroacylation product.	Ketones	136-142	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	62-65
27709287-3	2016	by GC-MS analysis, while only heterocyclic compounds, ketones, and esters were detected in the effluent after HA-A/O treatment.	Ketones	54-61	3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	110-116
27802043-0	2016	Synthesis of the GPR40 Partial Agonist MK-8666 through a Kinetically Controlled Dynamic Enzymatic Ketone Reduction.	Ketones	98-104	free fatty acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
27774563-4	2016	Reaction of 1 with an extra equivalent of aldehyde (NCHO) and PR3 led to the formation of [RhCl(H)(NCO)(PR3)2] (3) and an equivalent of ketone, which is a hydroacylation product.	Ketones	136-142	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	104-107
27283693-5	2016	The strongest potentiators of the trigeminal response were carbonyl compounds octanal, nonanal, benzaldehyde and 2-heptanone suggesting the probability that carbonyl species such as saturated aldehydes and ketones act as agonists to activate nociceptors such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 and elicit trigeminal burn.	Ketones	206-213	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	262-267
27283693-5	2016	The strongest potentiators of the trigeminal response were carbonyl compounds octanal, nonanal, benzaldehyde and 2-heptanone suggesting the probability that carbonyl species such as saturated aldehydes and ketones act as agonists to activate nociceptors such as TRPV1 and TRPA1 and elicit trigeminal burn.	Ketones	206-213	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	272-277
27736082-0	2016	Electronic Nature of Ketone Directing Group as a Key To Control C-2 vs C-4 Alkenylation of Indoles.	Ketones	21-27	complement C2	Homo sapiens	64-67
27722364-8	2016	Finally, the catalytic activity of Ir-CNP complexes in the hydrogenation of ketones has been briefly assessed.	Ketones	76-83	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Homo sapiens	38-41
27824104-7	2016	Supplementation with fat or ketone bodies but not glucose, or intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide, restored the locomotor rhythmicity and circadian expression of SIRT1 and clock genes, as well as reducing neurodegeneration.	Ketones	28-34	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	173-178
27824104-7	2016	Supplementation with fat or ketone bodies but not glucose, or intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide, restored the locomotor rhythmicity and circadian expression of SIRT1 and clock genes, as well as reducing neurodegeneration.	Ketones	28-34	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	183-188
27736082-0	2016	Electronic Nature of Ketone Directing Group as a Key To Control C-2 vs C-4 Alkenylation of Indoles.	Ketones	21-27	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	71-74
27736082-1	2016	A novel mode of achieving site selectivity between C-2 and C-4 positions in the indole framework by altering the property of the ketone directing group is disclosed.	Ketones	129-135	complement C2	Homo sapiens	51-54
28123938-5	2017	Consequences of intestinal GLUT2 deletion in GLUT2DeltaIEC mice were limiting body weight gain despite normal food intake, improving glucose tolerance, and increasing ketone body production.	Ketones	167-173	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	27-32
27736082-1	2016	A novel mode of achieving site selectivity between C-2 and C-4 positions in the indole framework by altering the property of the ketone directing group is disclosed.	Ketones	129-135	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-62
28123938-5	2017	Consequences of intestinal GLUT2 deletion in GLUT2DeltaIEC mice were limiting body weight gain despite normal food intake, improving glucose tolerance, and increasing ketone body production.	Ketones	167-173	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	45-50
27867424-0	2016	Aldehyde and Ketone Synthesis by P450-Catalyzed Oxidative Deamination of Alkyl Azides.	Ketones	13-19	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	33-37
27561923-4	2016	The current study examined the effect of improved insulin sensitivity with dapagliflozin on 1) mitochondrial ATP synthesis and 2) substrate oxidation rates and ketone production.	Ketones	160-166	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
27561923-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin improved insulin sensitivity and caused a shift from glucose to lipid oxidation, which, together with an increase in glucagon-to-insulin ratio, provide the metabolic basis for increased ketone production.	Ketones	213-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
27708432-10	2016	Finally, this study shows that brain exposure to ketone bodies alters insulin signaling and consequently glucose homeostasis.	Ketones	49-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
27610633-5	2016	A crystal structure of SIRT2 in complex with a 4-ONyl peptide reveals a lone pair-pi interaction between Phe119 and the ketone oxygen of the 4-ONyl group.	Ketones	120-126	sirtuin 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
26993058-1	2016	Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which MCT1-4 facilitate the passive transport of monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies together with protons across cell membranes.	Ketones	172-178	MCTS1 re-initiation and release factor	Homo sapiens	82-86
27337244-7	2016	The levels of 29-carbon long alkanes, ketones, and secondary alcohols, which are the most abundant components of stem waxes, were significantly reduced in wri4 stems relative to the wild type.	Ketones	38-45	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	155-159
27708682-10	2016	The increase in serum beta-OH butyrate results from increased enzymatic capacity for fatty acid flux through beta-oxidation and shunting of acetyl-CoA toward ketone body synthesis (increased CPT1 (Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1) and HMGCS2 (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 2) expression, respectively).	Ketones	158-164	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	191-195
27626197-0	2016	Fueling Performance: Ketones Enter the Mix.	Ketones	21-28	Mix paired-like homeobox	Homo sapiens	39-42
27867424-3	2016	Our studies show that although several heme-containing enzymes possess basal activity in this reaction, an engineered variant of the bacterial cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 constitutes a particularly efficient biocatalyst for promoting this transformation, exhibiting a broad substrate scope along with high catalytic activity (up to 11,300 TON), excellent chemoselectivity, and enhanced reactivity toward secondary alkyl azides to yield ketones.	Ketones	433-440	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	154-158
27867424-5	2016	Altogether, these studies demonstrate that engineered P450 variants represent promising biocatalysts for the synthesis of aryl aldehydes and ketones via the oxidative deamination of alkyl azides under mild reaction conditions.	Ketones	141-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	54-58
27443786-2	2016	Intermolecular coupling of aromatic ketones with a variety of aryltrimethylammonium triflates was achieved in the presence of Ni(COD)2, IPr HCl, and LiOBu(t), giving alpha-arylated ketones in reasonable to excellent yields.	Ketones	36-43	COD2	Homo sapiens	129-134
27477237-2	2016	Herein, we report that a heterogeneous photocatalyst (Ni-modified CdS nanoparticles) could efficiently split alcohols into hydrogen and corresponding aldehydes or ketones in a stoichiometric manner under visible light irradiation.	Ketones	163-170	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	66-69
27452528-1	2016	Mono(phosphine)-M (M-PR3; M = Rh and Ir) complexes selectively prepared by postsynthetic metalation of a porous triarylphosphine-based metal-organic framework (MOF) exhibited excellent activity in the hydrosilylation of ketones and alkenes, the hydrogenation of alkenes, and the C-H borylation of arenes.	Ketones	220-227	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
27472896-2	2016	The pre-catalyst [Ir(cod)(kappaP,C,P"-NHO(PPh2))]PF6 has shown excellent activities in the transfer hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and imines using (i)PrOH as a hydrogen source, while [IrCl(cod)(kappaC-NHO(OMe))] decomposes throughout the reaction to give low yields of the hydrogenated product.	Ketones	128-135	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	49-52
27400132-0	2016	Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Cyclization of o-Aminobenzyl Alcohols with Ketones to Quinolines in Water Catalyzed by Water-Soluble Metal-Ligand Bifunctional Catalyst [Cp*(6,6"-(OH)2bpy)(H2O)][OTf]2.	Ketones	72-79	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	191-196
27216458-7	2016	The gene and protein expression levels of CoA transferase (SCOT), a key enzyme involved in ketone body oxidation, was decreased in failing hearts.	Ketones	91-97	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
26985775-4	2016	A dimeric DHFR (DHFR(2)) molecule fused with a C-terminal EGFR targeting peptide (LARLLT) was engineered to incorporate a site-specific ketone functionality using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis.	Ketones	136-142	dihydrofolate reductase, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	10-14
26985775-4	2016	A dimeric DHFR (DHFR(2)) molecule fused with a C-terminal EGFR targeting peptide (LARLLT) was engineered to incorporate a site-specific ketone functionality using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis.	Ketones	136-142	dihydrofolate reductase, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	16-23
26985775-4	2016	A dimeric DHFR (DHFR(2)) molecule fused with a C-terminal EGFR targeting peptide (LARLLT) was engineered to incorporate a site-specific ketone functionality using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis.	Ketones	136-142	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	58-62
27292634-5	2016	A transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phosphoproteomic study revealed that this metabolic switch is mediated by downregulation of HIF1alpha and AKT and upregulation of AMPK, allowing uptake and degradation of fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	222-228	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	127-136
27292634-5	2016	A transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phosphoproteomic study revealed that this metabolic switch is mediated by downregulation of HIF1alpha and AKT and upregulation of AMPK, allowing uptake and degradation of fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	222-228	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
27292634-5	2016	A transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phosphoproteomic study revealed that this metabolic switch is mediated by downregulation of HIF1alpha and AKT and upregulation of AMPK, allowing uptake and degradation of fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	222-228	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
27206136-1	2016	Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed [6 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of indolyl-2-carbinols with various dienophiles such as indole derived alpha,beta-unsaturated esters, ketones, nitriles and cinnamates is described.	Ketones	152-159	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	0-8
27177162-6	2016	Second, with use of the two orthogonal methods, three sets of coupling conditions have been developed to complete one-pot ketone synthesis, with Condition A (Pd2dba3, PR3, Zn, LiI, TESCl, DMI), Condition B (A + CrCl2), and Condition C (B + NbCpCl4 or CoPc) being useful for simple linear and alpha-substituted substrates, simple linear and beta-substituted substrates, and complex substrates, respectively.	Ketones	122-128	proteinase 3	Homo sapiens	167-170
27113486-5	2016	In contrast, in the case of alkanes, a target should be to tune the polarity of MOF internal pores to control the outcome of the autooxidation process, resulting in the selective formation of alcohol/ketone mixtures at high conversion.	Ketones	200-206	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	80-83
27149882-2	2016	In this study, the CF2 group has been introduced into musk relevant macrocyclic ketones.	Ketones	80-87	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
27149882-2	2016	In this study, the CF2 group has been introduced into musk relevant macrocyclic ketones.	Ketones	80-87	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	54-58
27253067-0	2016	Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	103-109	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	36-69
27253067-0	2016	Exercise promotes the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) through the action of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	103-109	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	71-75
27284350-1	2016	3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria (3-HMG, OMIN 246450) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, a key enzyme in leucine metabolism and ketone body synthesis.	Ketones	209-215	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	132-168
26769382-4	2016	We also demonstrated that this effect is not restricted to lactate as additional metabolites including pyruvate and ketone bodies also activated the FGF21 stress response.	Ketones	116-122	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	149-154
27239962-8	2016	Metabolic changes in ketone body and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicate functional interactions between Apc and thrombospondin 1 signaling that control mitochondrial function.	Ketones	21-27	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	117-120
27239962-8	2016	Metabolic changes in ketone body and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates indicate functional interactions between Apc and thrombospondin 1 signaling that control mitochondrial function.	Ketones	21-27	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	125-141
27239962-9	2016	The cumulative diet-dependent differential changes observed in Apc(Min/+):Thbs1(-/-) versus Apc(Min/+) mice include altered amino acid and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, eicosanoids and ketone body formation.	Ketones	200-206	APC, WNT signaling pathway regulator	Mus musculus	63-66
27656411-0	2016	Glucagon receptor gene deletion in insulin knockout mice modestly reduces blood glucose and ketones but does not promote survival.	Ketones	92-99	glucagon receptor	Mus musculus	0-17
26984404-7	2016	AMP and ketone bodies together can therefore inhibit lipogenesis by restricting localization of ChREBP to the cytoplasm during periods of ketosis.	Ketones	8-14	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	96-102
27086654-1	2016	A convenient, versatile, and green CBS-asymmetric reduction of aryl and heteroaryl ketones has been developed by using the microreactor technology.	Ketones	83-90	cystathionine beta-synthase	Homo sapiens	35-38
26849960-0	2016	Skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha modulates systemic ketone body homeostasis and ameliorates diabetic hyperketonemia in mice.	Ketones	46-52	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	16-26
26849960-9	2016	These results demonstrate a central role of skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha in the transcriptional regulation of systemic ketolytic capacity.-Svensson, K., Albert, V., Cardel, B., Salatino, S., Handschin, C. Skeletal muscle PGC-1alpha modulates systemic ketone body homeostasis and ameliorates diabetic hyperketonemia in mice.	Ketones	249-255	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	60-70
27128370-6	2016	Young adult APOE4 carriers displayed upregulation of specific glucose (GLUT1 & GLUT3) and monocarboxylate (MCT2) transporters, the glucose metabolism enzyme hexokinase, the SCOT & AACS enzymes involved in ketone metabolism, and complexes I, II, and IV of the mitochondrial electron transport chain.	Ketones	205-211	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	12-17
27014795-0	2016	Copper/Silver Cocatalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Vinylarenes with ICH2CF3 or ICH2CHF2 Leading to beta-CF3/CHF2-Substituted Ketones.	Ketones	122-129	hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
26872974-1	2016	The transport of monocarboxylate fuels such as lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies across brain endothelial cells is mediated by monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1).	Ketones	70-76	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-169
26767982-9	2016	Several proteins identified as substrates of sirtuin 3 and 5 and active in intermediary and ketone metabolism were hyperacetylated in liver and brown fat mitochondria after both HFD and fasting regimens.	Ketones	92-98	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	45-60
26769360-7	2016	Altogether, the present results suggest that HFD induced alterations in central insulin signalling could switch metabolism to produce ketone bodies, which in turn, in the hippocampus, might lead to a decreased expression of VGlut1, and therefore to a decreased release of glutamate and hence, to the glutamatergic deficit described in AD.	Ketones	134-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
26769360-7	2016	Altogether, the present results suggest that HFD induced alterations in central insulin signalling could switch metabolism to produce ketone bodies, which in turn, in the hippocampus, might lead to a decreased expression of VGlut1, and therefore to a decreased release of glutamate and hence, to the glutamatergic deficit described in AD.	Ketones	134-140	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	224-230
26835799-4	2016	However, SGLT-2 inhibitors appear to increase rates of ketone body production and diabetic ketoacidosis, and therefore must only be used in the setting of appropriate risk mitigation.	Ketones	55-61	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	9-15
26908609-7	2016	Specific over-expression of the PBGD protein in the liver tended to normalize circulating insulin and glucagon levels, stimulated hepatic glycogen catabolism and blocked ketone body production.	Ketones	170-176	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Mus musculus	32-36
26983400-2	2016	Fasting hormone glucagon has been shown to stimulate ketone body production through activation of PPARalpha; however, the signal pathway linking glucagon to PPARalpha is largely undiscovered.	Ketones	53-59	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	98-107
26781998-1	2016	The synthesis of new enantiopure syn- and anti-3-(alpha-aminobenzyl)-benzo-gamma-sultam ligands 6 and their application in the ruthenium(ii)-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones using formic acid/triethylamine is described.	Ketones	194-201	synemin	Homo sapiens	4-7
26558681-6	2016	Further analyses highlighted marked lipid perturbations in MK2(+/+)-STZ mice, which encompass increased 1) circulating levels of free fatty acid, ketone bodies, and long-chain acylcarnitines and 2) cardiac triglyceride accumulation and ex vivo palmitate beta-oxidation.	Ketones	146-152	MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2	Mus musculus	59-62
26949839-6	2016	Further analyses detected CAF-typical cellular features, including an elevated growth rate, enhanced migration, altered actin architecture and increased production of ketone bodies in BRCA1(mosMe) fibroblasts compared to BRCA1(wt) fibroblasts.	Ketones	167-173	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	184-189
27018251-9	2016	Finally, either gene silencing of monocarboxylate transporter-1, a major transmembrate transporter for ketone bodies, nullified the effects of ketone bodies on alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Ketones	103-109	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	34-63
27018251-9	2016	Finally, either gene silencing of monocarboxylate transporter-1, a major transmembrate transporter for ketone bodies, nullified the effects of ketone bodies on alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells.	Ketones	143-149	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	34-63
26748385-11	2016	Also we found that replacement of glucose by ketone bodies leads to inhibition of exocytosis, monitored by FM2-10.	Ketones	45-51	neuromedin U receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-113
26530151-6	2016	This stimulated food intake was associated with an increased expression of the hypothalamic neuropeptides NPY and AgRP as well as phosphorylated AMPK and is due to ketone bodies sensed by the brain, as blood ketone body levels did not change at that time.	Ketones	164-170	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	114-118
26776438-8	2016	The following conjoint analysis of DNA methylation array with these differentially expressed genes suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the enzyme utilizing ketones for cholesterol supply, may play an important role in nicotine-induced cholesterol supply deficiency.	Ketones	170-177	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	114-140
26776438-8	2016	The following conjoint analysis of DNA methylation array with these differentially expressed genes suggested that acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the enzyme utilizing ketones for cholesterol supply, may play an important role in nicotine-induced cholesterol supply deficiency.	Ketones	170-177	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
26704699-1	2016	A transition-metal-free deacylative C(sp(3))-C(sp(2)) bond cleavage for the synthetically practical oxidative amination of ketones and aldehydes to nitriles is first described, using cheap and commercially abundant NaNO2 as the oxidant and the nitrogen source.	Ketones	123-130	regulator of calcineurin 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
26729717-7	2016	Finally, we have determined the selectivity of Bdh1p toward the oxidation/reduction of the hydroxyl/ketone groups from (2R,3R)-2,3-pentanediol/2,3-pentanedione and (2R,3R)-2,3-hexanediol/2,3-hexanedione.	Ketones	100-106	(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-52
26608392-1	2016	We describe two half-siblings with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) deficiency, a defect on ketone body utilization, that has only recently been identified (van Hasselt et al., N Engl J Med, 371:1900-1907, 2014) as a cause for recurrent ketoacidoses.	Ketones	105-111	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	35-64
28074733-5	2016	In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (especially those on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) insulin administration must never be discontinued, as this prevents lipolysis and ketone formation.	Ketones	187-193	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
28074733-5	2016	In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (especially those on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) insulin administration must never be discontinued, as this prevents lipolysis and ketone formation.	Ketones	187-193	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
26608392-1	2016	We describe two half-siblings with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) deficiency, a defect on ketone body utilization, that has only recently been identified (van Hasselt et al., N Engl J Med, 371:1900-1907, 2014) as a cause for recurrent ketoacidoses.	Ketones	105-111	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
26608392-1	2016	We describe two half-siblings with monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1, SLC16A1) deficiency, a defect on ketone body utilization, that has only recently been identified (van Hasselt et al., N Engl J Med, 371:1900-1907, 2014) as a cause for recurrent ketoacidoses.	Ketones	105-111	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	72-79
26226224-0	2015	A SNP in the 3"-untranslated region of AMPKgamma1 may associate with serum ketone body and milk production of Holstein dairy cows.	Ketones	75-81	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 1	Bos taurus	39-49
26593152-0	2015	Multiple Cycloaddition Reactions of Ketones with a beta-Diketiminate Al Compound.	Ketones	36-43	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	49-55
26301563-3	2015	Application of unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in the second step of the iterative sequence allows the construction of cyclic syn-ketols and acyclic compounds with multiple contiguous stereocenters.	Ketones	41-48	synemin	Homo sapiens	128-131
26383135-1	2015	The methyltriphenylphosphonium methylcarbonate salt [Ph3 PCH3 ][CH3 OCO2 ], obtained directly by quaternarization of triphenylphosphine with dimethylcarbonate, is a latent ylide that promotes Wittig vinylation of aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	227-234	CLAM	Homo sapiens	57-61
26453015-4	2015	Animals with the highest ketone levels showed the lowest P20/N40 gating ratios.	Ketones	25-31	demilune cell and parotid protein 1	Mus musculus	57-60
26615135-5	2015	Metabolic characterization of melanoma cells revealed that, with development of hypercalcemia, there was high expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which is the main importer of lactate and ketone bodies into cells.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	124-153
26615135-5	2015	Metabolic characterization of melanoma cells revealed that, with development of hypercalcemia, there was high expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), which is the main importer of lactate and ketone bodies into cells.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
26615135-8	2015	In conclusion, PTHrP expression in melanoma is associated with cachexia, increased cancer cell lactate and ketone body import, high mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced senescence.	Ketones	107-113	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	15-20
26615135-9	2015	Further studies are required to determine if PTHrP regulates cachexia, lactate and ketone body import, mitochondrial metabolism, and senescence in cancer cells.	Ketones	83-89	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	45-50
26264290-7	2015	A sharp deviation was observed with the regioisomeric bicyclic ketone, wherein the 4-X triggers a facile removal of X(-) and forms the end products without necessitating the involvement of the C-1 substituent (i.e. 1-H/D), thereby retaining it in the final halophenols.	Ketones	63-69	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	193-196
26333891-6	2015	RESULTS: The combination of BEZA+MCT increased ketones twofold during the metabolic study day.	Ketones	47-54	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
26966489-5	2015	She was subsequently treated with intravenous insulin and was passed over to subcutaneous insulin after the eradication of ketones in urine.	Ketones	123-130	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
26485576-2	2015	Bicyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated lactams in which the aminal is derived from a ketone have been found to afford products of syn conjugate addition.	Ketones	78-84	synemin	Homo sapiens	123-126
26058697-0	2015	Sirtuin 3 mediates neuroprotection of ketones against ischemic stroke.	Ketones	38-45	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	0-9
26058697-4	2015	In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) could mediate the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies after ischemic stroke.	Ketones	133-139	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	70-79
26058697-4	2015	In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) could mediate the neuroprotective effects of ketone bodies after ischemic stroke.	Ketones	133-139	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	81-86
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	23-30	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	87-92
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	23-30	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	141-147
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	23-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	153-175
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	23-30	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	23-30	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	226-231
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	252-259	sirtuin 3	Homo sapiens	87-92
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	252-259	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	141-147
26058697-8	2015	We further showed that ketones" effects were achieved by upregulating NAD(+)-dependent SIRT3 and its downstream substrates forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the penumbra region since knocking down SIRT3 in vitro diminished ketones" beneficial effects.	Ketones	252-259	superoxide dismutase 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
26306884-2	2015	Recent studies demonstrate that ketone bodies increase neuronal levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), possibly owing to succinate-mediated inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase activity.	Ketones	32-38	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	74-105
26306884-2	2015	Recent studies demonstrate that ketone bodies increase neuronal levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), possibly owing to succinate-mediated inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase activity.	Ketones	32-38	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	107-117
26306884-3	2015	Moreover, there is reason to suspect that ketones can activate Sirt1 in neurons, in part by increasing cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Sirt1"s obligate cofactor NAD(+).	Ketones	42-49	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
26306884-3	2015	Moreover, there is reason to suspect that ketones can activate Sirt1 in neurons, in part by increasing cytoplasmic and nuclear levels of Sirt1"s obligate cofactor NAD(+).	Ketones	42-49	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	137-142
26084778-7	2015	RESULTS: HNA-2 and HNA-3a antibody-mediated neutrophil aggregation was inhibited by pretreatment with formaldehyde, iodoacetamide and the serine protease inhibitors Pefabloc-SC, N-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and Nalpha-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride (TLCK).	Ketones	217-223	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	138-153
26444100-1	2015	Aerobic oxidation of alcohols are catalyzed by the Pd-acetate compound [LPd(OAc)]2(OTf)2 (L = neocuproine = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) to form ketones and the release of hydrogen peroxide, but the latter rapidly undergoes disproportionation.	Ketones	150-157	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	76-88
26358367-7	2015	Hyperinsulinemia shifted the energy supply from glucose to ketone bodies, and the high ketone body concentration induced the overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Ketones	87-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	143-162
26837171-7	2015	Thus, a five-membered triazole as the C-3 bioisostere modified with the functionalized side-chain of sulfide-ketone thiosemicarbazone warrants special attention and further investigation.	Ketones	109-115	complement C3	Homo sapiens	38-41
26358367-7	2015	Hyperinsulinemia shifted the energy supply from glucose to ketone bodies, and the high ketone body concentration induced the overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Ketones	87-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	164-170
25765813-0	2015	Involvement of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in metabolic reduction of drug ketones.	Ketones	89-96	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	26-57
25765813-2	2015	Determination of the inhibitory potency of certain putative inhibitors of carbonyl reducing enzymes on the transformation of the ketone derivative 5 to its alcohol 6 by recombinant microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and by recombinant cytosolic carbonyl reductase-1 now reveals that these compounds show a lack of specificity for these two enzymes in part.	Ketones	129-135	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	192-223
25765813-2	2015	Determination of the inhibitory potency of certain putative inhibitors of carbonyl reducing enzymes on the transformation of the ketone derivative 5 to its alcohol 6 by recombinant microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and by recombinant cytosolic carbonyl reductase-1 now reveals that these compounds show a lack of specificity for these two enzymes in part.	Ketones	129-135	carbonyl reductase 1	Rattus norvegicus	253-273
25765813-4	2015	In addition, the ability of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and carbonyl reductase-1 to reduce the ketone groups of the drugs haloperidol and daunorubicin was examined.	Ketones	99-105	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	28-59
25765813-4	2015	In addition, the ability of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and carbonyl reductase-1 to reduce the ketone groups of the drugs haloperidol and daunorubicin was examined.	Ketones	99-105	carbonyl reductase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-84
26078479-7	2015	Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who experience nausea, vomiting, or malaise or develop a metabolic acidosis in the setting of SGLT-2 inhibitor therapy should be promptly evaluated for the presence of urine and/or serum ketones.	Ketones	227-234	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	134-140
26004139-10	2015	Additionally, a negative correlation between serum ketone body levels and the nuclear localization of ChREBP was observed only in adult but not in old rats.	Ketones	51-57	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	102-108
26291835-1	2015	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
26291835-1	2015	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-55
26291835-1	2015	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-66
26138361-2	2015	This process allows syn substituents to be established stereospecifically on the 2-carbon bridge connecting the ketone carbonyl carbons, and the formation of one carbon-carbon and two carbon-oxygen bonds.	Ketones	112-118	synemin	Homo sapiens	20-23
26253025-2	2015	(2015) show that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) stimulates expression of ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and promotes the formation of the ketone body acetoacetate, which subsequently enhances BRAF(V600E)/MEK/ERK signaling.	Ketones	152-158	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	27-32
26253025-2	2015	(2015) show that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) stimulates expression of ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and promotes the formation of the ketone body acetoacetate, which subsequently enhances BRAF(V600E)/MEK/ERK signaling.	Ketones	152-158	B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	206-211
26253025-2	2015	(2015) show that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) stimulates expression of ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and promotes the formation of the ketone body acetoacetate, which subsequently enhances BRAF(V600E)/MEK/ERK signaling.	Ketones	152-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7	Homo sapiens	218-221
26253025-2	2015	(2015) show that oncogenic BRAF(V600E) stimulates expression of ketogenic enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase and promotes the formation of the ketone body acetoacetate, which subsequently enhances BRAF(V600E)/MEK/ERK signaling.	Ketones	152-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	222-225
26145819-3	2015	The key steps in the synthesis of the diastereomeric propellanamines syn-3 and anti-3 are diastereoselective reduction of the ketone 7 with L-Selectride to give anti-11, Mitsunobu inversion of the alcohol anti-13 into syn-13, and SN2 substitution of diastereomeric mesylates syn-14 and anti-14 with NaN3.	Ketones	126-132	synapsin III	Homo sapiens	69-74
26145819-3	2015	The key steps in the synthesis of the diastereomeric propellanamines syn-3 and anti-3 are diastereoselective reduction of the ketone 7 with L-Selectride to give anti-11, Mitsunobu inversion of the alcohol anti-13 into syn-13, and SN2 substitution of diastereomeric mesylates syn-14 and anti-14 with NaN3.	Ketones	126-132	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	230-233
26087172-8	2015	Therefore, PPARalpha protects the liver from FO-induced OS through its regulatory actions on ketone body levels.	Ketones	93-99	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	11-20
26055620-6	2015	The major pathway in humans was hydroxylation of the oxazole moiety of M1 to form M2 and then successive oxidation to the ketone form (M3) mainly by CYP3A4.	Ketones	122-128	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	149-155
26086329-5	2015	Priority was assigned to publications that shed light on molecular mechanisms whereby SGLT2 inhibitors could affect ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	116-122	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	86-91
26067901-1	2015	The asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones under aqueous conditions using tethered Ru(II)/eta(6)-arene/diamine catalysts is described, as is the ATH of electron-rich substrates containing amine and methoxy groups on the aromatic rings.	Ketones	47-54	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	102-105
26222439-6	2015	With ketone and dicarbonyl substrates, AKR1B15 also shows higher catalytic activity than AKR1B10.	Ketones	5-11	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B15	Homo sapiens	39-46
26222439-6	2015	With ketone and dicarbonyl substrates, AKR1B15 also shows higher catalytic activity than AKR1B10.	Ketones	5-11	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	89-96
25904331-8	2015	Microbiota-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), substrates in the colonic ketone body pathway, are increased in stool, which correlates with decreased levels of their main transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1).	Ketones	79-85	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	190-219
25904331-8	2015	Microbiota-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), substrates in the colonic ketone body pathway, are increased in stool, which correlates with decreased levels of their main transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1).	Ketones	79-85	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	221-225
25619643-7	2015	We have performed an extensive kinetic characterization of PGR1, which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the alpha,beta-double bond of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones, and 15-keto-PGs.	Ketones	181-188	prostaglandin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
25986628-0	2015	Use of a Combined Blood-Glucose- and ss-Ketone-Measuring Device Improves Glycemic Control in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes: The Gold Plus Study.	Ketones	40-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	93-100
25872961-1	2015	Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the leucine catabolic pathway and ketone body synthesis, and is clinically characterized by metabolic crises with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia.	Ketones	149-155	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	0-50
25872961-1	2015	Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder affecting the leucine catabolic pathway and ketone body synthesis, and is clinically characterized by metabolic crises with hypoketotic hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis and hyperammonemia.	Ketones	149-155	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	52-57
25991463-2	2015	Two recent studies identified the sulfonylurea MCC950 and the ketone metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate as specific inhibitors of the Nlrp3 inflammasome, with promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of auto-inflammatory diseases.	Ketones	62-68	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	131-136
25846235-0	2015	A bioelectronic system for insulin release triggered by ketone body mimicking diabetic ketoacidosis in vitro.	Ketones	56-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
25715699-6	2015	RESULTS: STZ-leptin-treated mice developed severe hypoketotic hypoglycaemia during prolonged fasting, indicative of suppressed endogenous ketone and glucose production.	Ketones	138-144	leptin	Mus musculus	13-19
25848768-6	2015	Inhibition of KATP channels reversed ketone-evoked hippocampal protection, and genetic ablation of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunit Kir6.2, a critical component of KATP channels, partially negated the synaptic protection afforded by ketones.	Ketones	243-250	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	142-148
25773505-1	2015	A novel DCC reaction between aromatic aldehydes or ketones and H-phosphonates has been developed for the synthesis of p-formyl or p-acylphenylphosphonates.	Ketones	51-58	DCC netrin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	8-11
25863253-6	2015	We provide evidence that SIRT3 impacts ketone body utilization in the brain and reveal a pivotal role for SIRT3 in the coordination between tissues required for metabolic homeostasis.	Ketones	39-45	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	25-30
25766751-3	2015	Neuroinflammatory cells express HCA2, a receptor for the endogenous neuroprotective ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) as well as for the drugs dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and nicotinic acid, which have established efficacy in the treatment of MS and experimental stroke, respectively.	Ketones	84-90	MAGE family member C3	Homo sapiens	32-36
26050255-6	2015	RESULTS: In cross-sectional analysis in 6475 young adults (mean age 31, 57% men), higher SHBG was linked with a more favourable cardiometabolic risk profile, including associations with lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acid composition, amino acids, ketone bodies and inflammation-linked glycoproteins.	Ketones	247-253	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	89-93
25766751-4	2015	This review summarizes the evidence that HCA2 is involved in the therapeutic effects of DMF, nicotinic acid, and ketone bodies in reducing neuroinflammation.	Ketones	113-119	MAGE family member C3	Homo sapiens	41-45
25692566-1	2015	In the presence of catalytic amounts of CBr4 (a metal-free mediator), an unexpected oxidative dehydrogenative coupling of isochromans with ketones occurred to construct new C(sp(3))-C(sp(3)) bonds.	Ketones	139-146	carbonyl reductase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
25611197-2	2015	The new well-defined [Ni(IPr*)(cin)Cl] (1 c) pre-catalyst showed great efficiency for this transformation, allowing the coupling of a wide range of ketones, including acetophenone derivatives, with various functionalised aryl chlorides.	Ketones	148-155	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	31-34
25686106-0	2015	The ketone metabolite beta-hydroxybutyrate blocks NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory disease.	Ketones	4-10	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	50-55
25698989-3	2015	However, ketone bodies (KB) seem to be able to increase food intake through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the release and production of adiponectin.	Ketones	9-15	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	194-205
25591777-5	2015	RESULTS: Ketones alone or in combination with high glucose treatment cause a significant increase in oxidative stress, ICAM-1, and monocyte adhesivity to HUVEC.	Ketones	9-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	119-125
25634445-1	2015	A method for the homologation of ketones with the CF2 fragment is described.	Ketones	33-40	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
25427767-5	2015	This resulted in an increase in circulating ketone body levels in fasted CPT1mt-expressing mice, suggesting an increase in hepatic FAO.	Ketones	44-50	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	73-77
26606728-8	2015	MCP-1 and ICAM-1 were also elevated in T1D rat livers and ketone treated hepatocytes.	Ketones	58-64	mast cell protease 1-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
26606728-8	2015	MCP-1 and ICAM-1 were also elevated in T1D rat livers and ketone treated hepatocytes.	Ketones	58-64	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
25591777-6	2015	Using an antisense approach, we show that ketone induced increases in ROS, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells were prevented in NOX4 knockdown cells.	Ketones	42-48	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
25591777-6	2015	Using an antisense approach, we show that ketone induced increases in ROS, ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion in endothelial cells were prevented in NOX4 knockdown cells.	Ketones	42-48	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	155-159
25591777-7	2015	CONCLUSION: This study reports that elevated levels of ketones upregulate NOX, contributing to increased oxidative stress, ICAM-1 levels, and cellular dysfunction.	Ketones	55-62	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	123-129
25415228-9	2014	To functionally validate our observations, we utilized a specific MCT1/2 inhibitor (AR-C155858), which blocks the cellular uptake of two types of mitochondrial fuels, namely ketone bodies and L-lactate.	Ketones	174-180	solute carrier family 16 member 12	Homo sapiens	66-72
26692069-9	2015	Taken together, these findings suggest that DE-71-induced inhibition of hepatic PEPCK activity alters lipid metabolism by redirecting fatty acids away from esterification and storage toward ketone synthesis.	Ketones	190-196	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
25559898-1	2015	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase or T2) deficiency are classified as autosomal recessive disorders of ketone body utilization characterized by intermittent ketoacidosis.	Ketones	189-195	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
25559898-1	2015	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase or T2) deficiency are classified as autosomal recessive disorders of ketone body utilization characterized by intermittent ketoacidosis.	Ketones	189-195	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	62-100
25559898-1	2015	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency and mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (beta-ketothiolase or T2) deficiency are classified as autosomal recessive disorders of ketone body utilization characterized by intermittent ketoacidosis.	Ketones	189-195	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	102-119
25383471-1	2014	Rh(II)-catalyzed novel tandem intramolecular cycloisomerizations of aldehydes or ketones with 1-sulfonyl 1,2,3-triazoles have been disclosed, providing a facile protocol to access a series of functionalized aza-bridged benzodioxepine heterocycles.	Ketones	81-88	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	0-6
25566193-2	2014	After a meal, insulin stimulates glycogen and lipid synthesis in the liver; in the fasted state, glucagon induces gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis, which produce glucose and ketone bodies for other tissues to use as energy sources.	Ketones	173-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
25154874-4	2014	Lon-silenced cells displayed altered levels of 39 mitochondrial proteins (26% related to stress response, 14.8% to ribosome assembly, 12.7% to oxidative phosphorylation, 8.5% to Krebs cycle, 6.3% to beta-oxidation, and 14.7% to crista integrity, ketone body catabolism, and mtDNA maintenance), low levels of mtDNA transcripts, and reduced levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes (with &gt;90% reduction of complex I).	Ketones	246-252	lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	0-3
25114170-4	2014	In further support of elevated FAO in Acot2 liver, daytime serum ketones were higher in Ad-Acot2 mice, and overnight fasting led to minimal hepatic steatosis as compared with control mice.	Ketones	65-72	acyl-CoA thioesterase 2	Mus musculus	91-96
25256448-8	2015	We suggest a cerebral metabolic adaptation with upregulation of monocarboxylic acid transporter proteins (MCT1) at the blood-brain barrier provoked by neuroglycopenia and allowing ketone body utilization by the brain.	Ketones	180-186	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
25859175-2	2015	Triterpenes with unsubstituted C-3 hydroxyl group can be easily transformed into appropriate ketones and then into oximes.	Ketones	93-100	complement C3	Homo sapiens	31-34
25411495-8	2014	We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.	Ketones	81-87	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 11	Mus musculus	36-43
25411495-8	2014	We found that the human ortholog of Olfr235 and Olfr1440 responds to macrocyclic ketone and lactone musk odorants but not to polycyclic musk odorants or a macrocyclic diester musk odorant.	Ketones	81-87	olfactory receptor family 5 subfamily AN member 6	Mus musculus	48-56
24835983-2	2014	The resulting ketones were then optimized for their P2Y12 antagonistic and anticoagulation effects in combination with their physicochemical and absorption profiles.	Ketones	14-21	purinergic receptor P2Y12	Homo sapiens	52-57
25493619-1	2014	Bis(isonitrile) iron(II) complexes bearing a C2-symmetric N2P2 macrocyclic ligand, which are easily prepared from the corresponding bis(acetonitrile) analogue, catalyze the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of a broad scope of ketones in excellent yields (up to 98%) and with high enantioselectivity (up to 91% ee).	Ketones	233-240	complement C2	Homo sapiens	45-81
24879127-1	2014	Saccharomyces cerevisiae Gre2 (EC1.1.1.283) serves as a versatile enzyme that catalyzes the stereoselective reduction of a broad range of substrates including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, diketones, as well as aldehydes, using NADPH as the cofactor.	Ketones	182-189	methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent) GRE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-29
25390740-5	2014	Thus, MCT1 deficiency is a novel cause of profound ketoacidosis; the present work suggests that MCT1-mediated ketone-body transport is needed to maintain acid-base balance.	Ketones	110-116	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
25085997-5	2014	Higher urine ketone levels were associated with higher serum total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels.	Ketones	13-19	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	78-100
25085997-5	2014	Higher urine ketone levels were associated with higher serum total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels.	Ketones	13-19	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	102-105
25085997-5	2014	Higher urine ketone levels were associated with higher serum total bilirubin, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels.	Ketones	13-19	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	133-162
25301556-0	2014	Degradation of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, by legumain in the mouse kidney.	Ketones	45-51	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	15-41
25301556-1	2014	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from ketone bodies in lipogenic tissues, such as the liver and adipocytes.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	0-26
25301556-1	2014	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from ketone bodies in lipogenic tissues, such as the liver and adipocytes.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	28-32
25301556-1	2014	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from ketone bodies in lipogenic tissues, such as the liver and adipocytes.	Ketones	144-150	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	0-26
25301556-1	2014	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids from ketone bodies in lipogenic tissues, such as the liver and adipocytes.	Ketones	144-150	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	28-32
24464262-1	2014	Efflux of monocaroxylates like lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies from astrocytes through monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) supplies the local neuron population with metabolic intermediates to meet energy requirements under conditions of increased demand.	Ketones	54-60	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	92-121
24464262-1	2014	Efflux of monocaroxylates like lactate, pyruvate, and ketone bodies from astrocytes through monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) supplies the local neuron population with metabolic intermediates to meet energy requirements under conditions of increased demand.	Ketones	54-60	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	123-127
29259401-5	2015	The availabilities of blood-borne energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies, which fluctuate in parallel with changes in nutritional status, act as metabolic signals that regulate the GnRH pulse generator activity and GnRH/LH release.	Ketones	86-92	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	208-212
29259401-5	2015	The availabilities of blood-borne energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, and ketone bodies, which fluctuate in parallel with changes in nutritional status, act as metabolic signals that regulate the GnRH pulse generator activity and GnRH/LH release.	Ketones	86-92	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	242-246
25014710-1	2014	The first asymmetric gamma-alkoxyallylboration of representative ketones provides beta-alkoxy tert-homoallylic alcohols 10 whose diastereoselectivities range from 99% syn (acetophenone) to 99% anti (pinacolone) both with high ee (&gt;95%).	Ketones	65-72	synemin	Homo sapiens	167-170
25010005-7	2014	We could also show that BRCA1 induced a decrease of ketone bodies and free fatty acids, maybe consumed to supply Acetyl-CoA for TCA cycle.	Ketones	52-58	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	24-29
24964313-0	2014	Synergistic Pd/enamine catalysis: a strategy for the C-H/C-H oxidative coupling of allylarenes with unactivated ketones.	Ketones	112-119	churchill domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	53-60
24605155-5	2014	CONCLUSION: Similar to many other Wittig-type gem-difluoroolefination reactions in the presence of PPh3, the reaction of TMSCF2Cl with aldehydes and activated ketones is effective.	Ketones	159-166	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	99-103
24845175-8	2014	The increase in ketone bodies during stress in normal weight subjects was associated with an increase in ACTH, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations.	Ketones	16-22	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	105-109
24994116-3	2014	EMT-induced CS-like cells (HMLERshEcad) and isogenic parental cells (HMLERshCntrol) were simultaneously screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput metabolic phenotyping platform comprising &gt;350 wells that were pre-loaded with different carbohydrates/starches, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and bi-amino acids.	Ketones	347-354	IL2 inducible T cell kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24757128-1	2014	A dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction between allylic C-H bonds and the alpha-C-H bond of ketones or aldehydes was developed using Cu(OTf)2 as a catalyst and DDQ as an oxidant.	Ketones	94-101	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
24858472-0	2014	Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) localizes in mitochondria in mouse skeletal muscle and regulates lipid and ketone body disposal.	Ketones	114-120	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	0-30
24858472-0	2014	Fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) localizes in mitochondria in mouse skeletal muscle and regulates lipid and ketone body disposal.	Ketones	114-120	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	32-37
24858472-14	2014	However, FATP1 lead to hyperketonemia, likely secondary to the sparing of ketone body oxidation by the enhanced oxidation of fatty acids.	Ketones	28-34	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	9-14
24584631-7	2014	CYP1A2 also catalyzes O-demethylation and alcohol to ketone transformations of nabumetone and its analogs.	Ketones	53-59	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
24434282-1	2014	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
24434282-1	2014	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-55
24434282-1	2014	17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17beta-HSD3 or HSD17B3) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T), by stereoselectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	191-197	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 3	Rattus norvegicus	59-66
24519015-4	2014	The computational prediction that the prohibitive barriers for CF3 and CHF2 ketones in the rate-determining dehydration step for the diarylation process could be overcome at higher reaction temperature has been validated by our additional experiments at 80  C. Furthermore, the origin of the high enantioselectivity of the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed single arylation of trifluoromethyl ketone has been studied with the two-layer ONIOM method.	Ketones	76-83	hes related family bHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
24533785-1	2014	The reactions of ketones and aldehydes in the presence of Li(+) and in the presence or absence of PTC mediated by water were performed to produce aldol products.	Ketones	17-24	coiled-coil domain containing 6	Homo sapiens	98-101
24246952-4	2014	RESULTS: Selective imine-coupling between aminooxy-functionalized methacrylic copolymer with phosphorylcholine unit and synthetic MUC1 glycopeptides-capped by a ketone linker at N-terminus provided a facile and seamless protocol for the preparation of glycopeptides microarray platform.	Ketones	161-167	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Homo sapiens	130-134
25080782-5	2014	The insulin in physiological way deprives mitochondrions a possibility to metabolize ketone bodies, short chain, medium chain and long chain fatty acids and "forces" them to oxidize glucose which phylogenetically is not an optimal substrate.	Ketones	85-91	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-11
24484404-4	2014	We have selected AlCl3, BCl3, BF3, and GdCl3 as binding Lewis acids, in that they exhibit sufficiently strong binding affinity toward the aromatic ketone derivatives to afford stable complexes and yet do not possess low-lying electronic transitions vs the ligands.	Ketones	147-153	BCL3 transcription coactivator	Homo sapiens	24-28
24499418-3	2014	This endo-oriented allyl anion is stable at -78  C and undergoes diastereoselective syn-addition at the gamma-position with aldehydes and ketones to give monobenzyl-substituted 1,2-diols.	Ketones	138-145	synemin	Homo sapiens	84-87
24412429-7	2014	Interestingly, levels of branched chain amino acids and the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate were decreased by 21% (p&lt;0.05) and 27% (p&lt;0.001), respectively, in hyperglycemic rats infused with 60 ng/ml GIP.	Ketones	60-66	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	207-210
24412429-8	2014	Hence, our data suggest that GIP provokes a decrease in BCAA levels and ketone body production.	Ketones	72-78	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
24777603-7	2014	Although BDH2 has been proposed to oxidize ketone bodies, we found that BDH2 deficiency did not alter ketone body metabolism in vivo.	Ketones	43-49	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 2	Mus musculus	9-13
23958592-1	2014	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency, or mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency, is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	164-170	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-71
24458359-2	2014	Here, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 2 (Clk2) suppresses fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production during diet-induced obesity.	Ketones	81-87	CDC-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	19-37
24458359-2	2014	Here, we show that Cdc2-like kinase 2 (Clk2) suppresses fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production during diet-induced obesity.	Ketones	81-87	CDC-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	39-43
24458359-4	2014	Liver-specific Clk2 knockout mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit increased fasting levels of blood ketone bodies, reduced respiratory exchange ratio, and increased gene expression of fatty acid oxidation and ketogenic pathways.	Ketones	96-102	CDC-like kinase 2	Mus musculus	15-19
24716969-6	2014	PPI network analysis indicated that GMNN and TSPO were significant hub proteins and steroid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were significantly dysregulated pathways.	Ketones	138-144	geminin DNA replication inhibitor	Homo sapiens	36-40
24177702-6	2014	Complexes 1-6 produced active catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol at 82  C. Ruthenium(II) complexes 4-6, containing the PPh3 ligand, exhibited higher catalytic activities than the corresponding ruthenium(III) compounds 1-3.	Ketones	73-80	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
24716969-6	2014	PPI network analysis indicated that GMNN and TSPO were significant hub proteins and steroid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies were significantly dysregulated pathways.	Ketones	138-144	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	45-49
24573205-1	2014	The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 plays an important role in the transfer of monocarboxylate metabolites such as lactate, ketone bodies, and acetic acid.	Ketones	128-134	modifier of curly tail 1	Mus musculus	4-39
24757229-7	2014	Recommendations for checking ketone levels should be no different when a patient is using a system with automated insulin suspension than it is for conventional diabetes self-management.	Ketones	29-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
23583279-6	2014	An increasing trend was demonstrated with advancing gestation toward the production of ketones (and 3beta-hydroxyl groups in the case of 3alpha-hydroxy-steroids) was demonstrated in the fetus on the expense of 3alpha-hydroxy-, 17beta-hydroxy-, and 20alpha-hydroxy-groups weakening in the sequence C17, C3, and C20.	Ketones	87-94	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	297-300
25782302-3	2014	Insulin blocks the ability of mitochondria to oxidize ketone bodies, short-, medium- and long-chain FA and makes them oxidize glucose, i.e. a physiologically unoptimal substrate.	Ketones	54-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
23906246-5	2013	RESULTS: The ketones BP-3, HMBS and BM-DBM revealed the highest binding rates after both irradiation and heating.	Ketones	13-20	BP3	Homo sapiens	21-25
24367518-1	2013	The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 or SLC16A1) is a carrier of short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate in several tissues.	Ketones	93-99	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	4-33
24367518-1	2013	The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 or SLC16A1) is a carrier of short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate in several tissues.	Ketones	93-99	modifier of curly tail 1	Mus musculus	35-39
24367518-1	2013	The monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 or SLC16A1) is a carrier of short-chain fatty acids, ketone bodies, and lactate in several tissues.	Ketones	93-99	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	43-50
24210276-0	2013	Ketone bodies upregulate endothelial connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions.	Ketones	0-6	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	37-48
24210276-0	2013	Ketone bodies upregulate endothelial connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions.	Ketones	0-6	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	50-54
24210276-5	2013	Confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR indicated that Cx43 mRNA and protein expression increased after endothelial cell exposure to ketone bodies and that this was accompanied by upregulation of GJIC and cell migration.	Ketones	166-172	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	88-92
24210276-7	2013	Ketone bodies were shown to activate ERK and p38 MAPK as early as 3h after treatment and an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) were found to antagonise the ketone-induced increase in Cx43 protein expression.	Ketones	0-6	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	205-209
24210276-7	2013	Ketone bodies were shown to activate ERK and p38 MAPK as early as 3h after treatment and an ERK inhibitor (PD98059) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) were found to antagonise the ketone-induced increase in Cx43 protein expression.	Ketones	178-184	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	205-209
24210276-8	2013	Thus, ketone bodies up-regulate Cx43 expression and GJIC in BAECs via activation of ERK and p38 MAPK.	Ketones	6-12	gap junction protein alpha 1	Bos taurus	32-36
24113062-0	2013	Investigation of aryl halides as ketone bioisosteres: refinement of potent and selective inhibitors of human cytochrome P450 19A1 (aromatase).	Ketones	33-39	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	109-129
24113062-2	2013	Structure-activity data generated from both syn- and anti-aldol precursors provides significant insights into the requirements for enhanced potency, validating this novel ketone-to-aryl halide bioisostere hypothesis.	Ketones	171-177	synemin	Homo sapiens	44-47
24191725-1	2013	TiCl4-Mg-promoted CHBr2- and CBr3- transfer to a variety of aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	74-81	carbonyl reductase 3	Homo sapiens	29-33
23994167-5	2013	In the NADPH-linked reduction, 3HBD showed broad substrate specificity for a variety of quinones, ketones and aldehydes, including 3-, 17- and 20-ketosteroids and prostaglandin D2, which were converted to 3alpha-, 17beta- and 20alpha-hydroxysteroids and 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2, respectively.	Ketones	98-105	prostaglandin-E(2) 9-reductase-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-35
23420214-1	2013	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder of ketone metabolism, characterized by ketoacidotic episodes and often permanent ketosis.	Ketones	100-106	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
23420214-3	2013	SCOT catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of ketone body utilization in peripheral tissues, by transferring a CoA moiety from succinyl-CoA to form acetoacetyl-CoA, for entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for energy production.	Ketones	48-54	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24138078-5	2013	In diabetic ketoacidosis, high levels of ketone bodies are produced in response to low insulin levels and high levels of counter-regulatory hormones.	Ketones	41-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
24093555-1	2013	A range of ketone-stabilized phosphonium ylides were allylated with high regioselectivity by primary allylic amines in the presence of 5 mol % Pd(PPh3)4 and 10 mol % B(OH)3, and subsequent one-pot Wittig olefination gave structurally diverse alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones in good to excellent overall yields with excellent E selectivity.	Ketones	11-17	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	146-150
24100554-1	2013	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) plays a crucial role in ketone-body metabolism.	Ketones	71-77	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-39
24100554-1	2013	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) plays a crucial role in ketone-body metabolism.	Ketones	71-77	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase	Drosophila melanogaster	41-45
23909803-4	2013	Here we discuss the unexpected observation that feeding an ester of ketone bodies to the mouse, which increases blood ketone body concentrations, results in an activation of brown fat.	Ketones	68-74	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	180-183
24259689-8	2013	The POST group had an increase in frequency of assessments for clearance of urinary ketones (18 vs 33.3%, P = .03) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (16 vs 37%, P &lt; .01).	Ketones	84-91	solute carrier family 35 member G1	Homo sapiens	4-8
23510756-4	2013	Muscle and adipose tissue are responsive to insulin and can use either glucose or ketones and free fatty acids as their primary metabolic fuel.	Ketones	82-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
23840012-0	2013	Experimental and calculated CPL spectra and related spectroscopic data of camphor and other simple chiral bicyclic ketones.	Ketones	115-122	hephaestin	Homo sapiens	28-31
23039765-7	2013	Results indicate an insulin resistance in the HR ewes regarding the glucose utilization and the ketone body formation during late pregnancy.	Ketones	96-102	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
23918932-0	2013	Metabolite regulation of nucleo-cytosolic trafficking of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP): role of ketone bodies.	Ketones	121-127	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	104-110
23909803-4	2013	Here we discuss the unexpected observation that feeding an ester of ketone bodies to the mouse, which increases blood ketone body concentrations, results in an activation of brown fat.	Ketones	118-124	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	180-183
23927272-5	2013	The vibrational Raman spectra of the C=O stretching modes of ketones (acetone, acetophenone, and benzophenone) were measured in scCO2 along the reduced temperature Tr = T/Tc = 1.02 isotherm as a function of the reduced density rhor = rho/rhoc in the range 0.05-1.5.	Ketones	61-68	ras homolog family member C	Homo sapiens	238-242
23834264-1	2013	The (trifluoromethyl)stannane reagent, Bu3SnCF3, was found to react under CsF activation with ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding trifluoromethylated stannane ether intermediates at room temperature in high yield.	Ketones	94-101	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-77
23918932-6	2013	Nuclear localization of GFP-ChREBP is rapidly inhibited in hepatocytes incubated in beta-hydroxybutyrate or fatty acids, and the observed inhibition is closely correlated with the production of ketone bodies.	Ketones	194-200	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	28-34
23918932-7	2013	These observations show that ketone bodies play an important role in the regulation of ChREBP activity by restricting ChREBP localization to the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting fat synthesis during periods of ketosis.	Ketones	29-35	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	87-93
23918932-7	2013	These observations show that ketone bodies play an important role in the regulation of ChREBP activity by restricting ChREBP localization to the cytoplasm, thus inhibiting fat synthesis during periods of ketosis.	Ketones	29-35	MLX interacting protein like	Homo sapiens	118-124
23770222-5	2013	In our study, 10 mol.% of cyclic ketals were deprotected and the ketone-containing copolymer was designated as ECT2-CO.	Ketones	65-71	epithelial cell transforming 2	Homo sapiens	111-115
23841691-10	2013	The rate of change in total ketone body concentration in patients with a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) of 2.5 or higher was significantly lower than in patients with a HOMA-IR of less than 2.5 (56.7% (8.5-186.7%) vs. 156.4% (33.3-577.3%); P &lt;0.01).	Ketones	28-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	105-112
23997314-1	2013	A chemoselective method for the hydrosilylation of ketones has been developed, using the combination of triphenylsilane and a catalyst prepared from Ni(COD)2 and the simple N-heterocyclic carbene IMes.	Ketones	51-58	COD2	Homo sapiens	152-157
23777294-1	2013	Typical aldehydes and ketones form pi complexes with Me2CuLi at low temperatures in tetrahydrofuran.	Ketones	22-29	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
23689508-2	2013	Mice with loss-of-function mutation in the extrahepatic mitochondrial enzyme CoA transferase (succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase, SCOT, encoded by nuclear Oxct1) cannot terminally oxidize ketone bodies and develop lethal hyperketonemic hypoglycemia within 48 h of birth.	Ketones	192-198	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	134-138
22886728-9	2013	Further, FASN inhibition by orlistat induces multiple adaptive changes in FA synthetic pathway and associated metabolic pathways, including induction of ketone metabolism and glutaminolysis, as well as the up-regulation of 5" adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.	Ketones	153-159	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	9-13
23829383-5	2013	The ketone body metabolic enzymes included: succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT1), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and BDH2), and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1).	Ketones	4-10	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	134-138
23829383-5	2013	The ketone body metabolic enzymes included: succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT1), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and BDH2), and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1).	Ketones	4-10	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	154-184
23829383-5	2013	The ketone body metabolic enzymes included: succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (OXCT1), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and BDH2), and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1).	Ketones	4-10	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	186-191
23700972-6	2013	On the other hand, our calculations clearly show that the catalytic hydrogenation of ketone by cis-RhH(PPh3)24 easily occurs, as expected.	Ketones	85-91	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
23570308-9	2013	The reaction pathway presumably involves a ketone-assisted 1,2-hydride transfer from the Si(II) to Fe(0) center, as a key elementary step, resulting in a betaine-like silyliumylidene intermediate.	Ketones	43-49	elongin A	Homo sapiens	89-95
23575856-3	2013	In animals heterozygous for the olfactory marker protein (OMP), this adaptive plasticity was strongest in the populations of OSNs that originally responded to the exposure odorant (an ester) and also observed in the responses to a similar odorant (another ester) but had no effect on the responses to odorants dissimilar to the exposure odorant (a ketone and an aldehyde).	Ketones	348-354	olfactory marker protein	Mus musculus	32-56
23575856-3	2013	In animals heterozygous for the olfactory marker protein (OMP), this adaptive plasticity was strongest in the populations of OSNs that originally responded to the exposure odorant (an ester) and also observed in the responses to a similar odorant (another ester) but had no effect on the responses to odorants dissimilar to the exposure odorant (a ketone and an aldehyde).	Ketones	348-354	olfactory marker protein	Mus musculus	58-61
23590552-0	2013	Theoretical and kinetic study of the reactions of ketones with HO2 radicals.	Ketones	50-57	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	63-66
23590552-2	2013	This work presents an ab initio and chemical kinetic study of the reaction mechanisms of hydrogen atom abstraction by the HO2 radical on five ketones: dimethyl, ethyl methyl, n-propyl methyl, iso-propyl methyl, and iso-butyl methyl ketones.	Ketones	142-149	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	122-125
23536200-8	2013	The mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear so far but may be related to the ketone CMK linked to the Ac-DEVD molecule.	Ketones	81-87	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	88-91
23667629-4	2013	Here, we showed that serum FGF21 level is increased in mice after a single bout of acute exercise, and that this is accompanied by increased serum levels of free fatty acid, glycerol and ketone body.	Ketones	187-193	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	27-32
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	6-13
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	15-22
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Homo sapiens	24-31
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 8	Homo sapiens	37-44
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	89-93
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Homo sapiens	95-99
23506875-2	2013	Four (SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A7, and SLC16A8) encode monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1, MCT4, MCT2, and MCT3, respectively) catalysing the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as l-lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	216-222	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	105-109
23257779-7	2013	More specifically, overexpression of UCP-1 in stromal fibroblasts increases beta-oxidation, ketone body production and the release of ATP-rich vesicles, which "fuels" tumor growth by providing high-energy nutrients in a paracrine fashion to epithelial cancer cells.	Ketones	92-98	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
23384946-1	2013	Plasma glucose and ketone concentrations are much higher in birds than in humans and birds exhibit resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake into muscle.	Ketones	19-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
23262385-0	2013	Thermodynamics of a molten globule state of human serum albumin by 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate as a ketone body.	Ketones	95-101	albumin	Homo sapiens	50-63
23397990-10	2013	CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: There is reduced pancreatic first-phase insulin response and impaired insulin-dependent inhibition of the ketone body formation during late pregnancy in the HR and PT ewes.	Ketones	142-148	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
23117394-4	2013	Arabidopsis                 eceriferum1 (cer1) and cer22 mutants show dramatic reductions in alkane, secondary alcohol, and ketone content, and concomitant increases in aldehyde content, suggesting that one or both of these genes encode an alkane-forming enzyme.	Ketones	124-130	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
23117394-4	2013	Arabidopsis                 eceriferum1 (cer1) and cer22 mutants show dramatic reductions in alkane, secondary alcohol, and ketone content, and concomitant increases in aldehyde content, suggesting that one or both of these genes encode an alkane-forming enzyme.	Ketones	124-130	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-56
23233542-2	2013	We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial enzyme coenzyme A (CoA) transferase [succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), encoded by nuclear Oxct1] is required for oxidation of ketone bodies and that germline SCOT-knockout (KO) mice die within 48 h of birth because of hyperketonemic hypoglycemia.	Ketones	189-195	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	87-125
23233542-2	2013	We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial enzyme coenzyme A (CoA) transferase [succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), encoded by nuclear Oxct1] is required for oxidation of ketone bodies and that germline SCOT-knockout (KO) mice die within 48 h of birth because of hyperketonemic hypoglycemia.	Ketones	189-195	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	127-131
23233542-2	2013	We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial enzyme coenzyme A (CoA) transferase [succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), encoded by nuclear Oxct1] is required for oxidation of ketone bodies and that germline SCOT-knockout (KO) mice die within 48 h of birth because of hyperketonemic hypoglycemia.	Ketones	189-195	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Mus musculus	153-158
23233542-2	2013	We previously demonstrated that the mitochondrial enzyme coenzyme A (CoA) transferase [succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), encoded by nuclear Oxct1] is required for oxidation of ketone bodies and that germline SCOT-knockout (KO) mice die within 48 h of birth because of hyperketonemic hypoglycemia.	Ketones	189-195	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	221-225
23150232-7	2013	Compared to WT mice, starvation of NKT cell-deficient mice induced a higher increase of ketone bodies, which up-regulate CYP2E1 through protein stabilization.	Ketones	88-94	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	121-127
23150232-9	2013	Elevated ketone body production in NKT cell-deficient mice resulted in increased CYP2E1-mediated APAP biotransformation and susceptibility to AILI.	Ketones	9-15	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	81-87
23257780-6	2013	Interestingly, ethanol has just the opposite effect in epithelial cancer cells, where it confers autophagy resistance, elevates mitochondrial biogenesis and induces key enzymes associated with ketone re-utilization (ACAT1/OXCT1).	Ketones	193-199	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	216-221
23257780-6	2013	Interestingly, ethanol has just the opposite effect in epithelial cancer cells, where it confers autophagy resistance, elevates mitochondrial biogenesis and induces key enzymes associated with ketone re-utilization (ACAT1/OXCT1).	Ketones	193-199	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	222-227
24052847-2	2012	BiCl3 loaded K10 (BiCl3-K10) has been used as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of azine derivatives from benzophenone hydrazone and ketones/aldehydes by simple physical grinding.	Ketones	137-144	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	13-16
23555795-6	2013	In parallel, a significant rise in ketone body concentration in serum occurred which was coupled to an increase in neuronal MCT2 expression and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) required for conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl-CoA.	Ketones	35-41	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 7	Mus musculus	124-128
23555795-6	2013	In parallel, a significant rise in ketone body concentration in serum occurred which was coupled to an increase in neuronal MCT2 expression and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) required for conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl-CoA.	Ketones	35-41	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	171-175
23555795-6	2013	In parallel, a significant rise in ketone body concentration in serum occurred which was coupled to an increase in neuronal MCT2 expression and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) required for conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl-CoA.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 (monocarboxylic acid transporters), member 7	Mus musculus	124-128
23555795-6	2013	In parallel, a significant rise in ketone body concentration in serum occurred which was coupled to an increase in neuronal MCT2 expression and 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase (SCOT) required for conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl-CoA.	Ketones	204-210	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	171-175
22707181-6	2012	L-TGH KO mice presented with increased plasma ketone bodies and hepatic fatty acid oxidation.	Ketones	46-52	carboxylesterase 1D	Mus musculus	2-5
23047605-0	2012	Downregulation of stromal BRCA1 drives breast cancer tumor growth via upregulation of HIF-1alpha, autophagy and ketone body production.	Ketones	112-118	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	26-31
23082721-8	2012	Finally, using human breast cancer tumor samples, we directly confirmed that the enzymes associated with ketone body production (HMGCS2, HMGCL and BDH1) were preferentially expressed in the tumor stroma.	Ketones	105-111	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	129-135
23082721-8	2012	Finally, using human breast cancer tumor samples, we directly confirmed that the enzymes associated with ketone body production (HMGCS2, HMGCL and BDH1) were preferentially expressed in the tumor stroma.	Ketones	105-111	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	137-142
23082721-8	2012	Finally, using human breast cancer tumor samples, we directly confirmed that the enzymes associated with ketone body production (HMGCS2, HMGCL and BDH1) were preferentially expressed in the tumor stroma.	Ketones	105-111	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
23082721-9	2012	Conversely, enzymes associated with ketone re-utilization (ACAT1) and mitochondrial biogenesis (HSP60) were selectively associated with the epithelial tumor cell compartment.	Ketones	36-42	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
23082721-9	2012	Conversely, enzymes associated with ketone re-utilization (ACAT1) and mitochondrial biogenesis (HSP60) were selectively associated with the epithelial tumor cell compartment.	Ketones	36-42	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
23082722-4	2012	For this purpose, we generated hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts overexpressing the rate-limiting enzymes that promote ketone body production, namely BDH1 and HMGCS2.	Ketones	116-122	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	31-36
23082722-4	2012	For this purpose, we generated hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts overexpressing the rate-limiting enzymes that promote ketone body production, namely BDH1 and HMGCS2.	Ketones	116-122	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	147-151
23082722-4	2012	For this purpose, we generated hTERT-immortalized fibroblasts overexpressing the rate-limiting enzymes that promote ketone body production, namely BDH1 and HMGCS2.	Ketones	116-122	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	156-162
23082722-12	2012	In summary, ketone bodies behave as onco-metabolites, and we directly show that the enzymes HMGCS2, ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 are bona fide metabolic oncogenes.	Ketones	12-18	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	92-98
23082722-12	2012	In summary, ketone bodies behave as onco-metabolites, and we directly show that the enzymes HMGCS2, ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 are bona fide metabolic oncogenes.	Ketones	12-18	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
23082722-12	2012	In summary, ketone bodies behave as onco-metabolites, and we directly show that the enzymes HMGCS2, ACAT1/2 and OXCT1/2 are bona fide metabolic oncogenes.	Ketones	12-18	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	112-119
22985732-0	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, is controlled by SREBP-2 and affects serum cholesterol levels.	Ketones	30-36	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-26
22985732-0	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, is controlled by SREBP-2 and affects serum cholesterol levels.	Ketones	30-36	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	77-84
22985732-2	2012	However, ketone bodies have also been suggested to be used during the lipogenesis by the ketone body-utilizing enzyme, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS).	Ketones	9-15	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	119-145
22985732-2	2012	However, ketone bodies have also been suggested to be used during the lipogenesis by the ketone body-utilizing enzyme, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS).	Ketones	9-15	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	147-151
22985732-2	2012	However, ketone bodies have also been suggested to be used during the lipogenesis by the ketone body-utilizing enzyme, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS).	Ketones	89-95	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	119-145
22985732-2	2012	However, ketone bodies have also been suggested to be used during the lipogenesis by the ketone body-utilizing enzyme, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS).	Ketones	89-95	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	147-151
22985732-5	2012	These results suggest that ketone body metabolism via AACS activity plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis.	Ketones	27-33	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	54-58
23000407-2	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and is highly expressed in the brain.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	0-26
23000407-2	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and is highly expressed in the brain.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	28-32
23128967-0	2012	Enantioselective transfer hydrogenation of ketone catalysed by artificial metalloenzymes derived from bovine beta-lactoglobulin.	Ketones	43-49	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	109-127
24957771-8	2012	Further interesting findings include: down-regulation of glucose export is postponed by TGFb, TGFb up-regulates the synthesis capacity of ketone bodies only as an early response, TGFb suppresses the strong up-regulation of Vanin, and TGFb induces re-formation of ceramides and sphingomyelin.	Ketones	138-144	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	94-98
24957771-8	2012	Further interesting findings include: down-regulation of glucose export is postponed by TGFb, TGFb up-regulates the synthesis capacity of ketone bodies only as an early response, TGFb suppresses the strong up-regulation of Vanin, and TGFb induces re-formation of ceramides and sphingomyelin.	Ketones	138-144	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	94-98
24957771-8	2012	Further interesting findings include: down-regulation of glucose export is postponed by TGFb, TGFb up-regulates the synthesis capacity of ketone bodies only as an early response, TGFb suppresses the strong up-regulation of Vanin, and TGFb induces re-formation of ceramides and sphingomyelin.	Ketones	138-144	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	94-98
23161639-2	2012	The new ketones were evaluated as inhibitors of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase hPin1 with K(i)  values ranging in the one-digit micromolar to sub-micromolar numbers.	Ketones	8-15	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
24052847-2	2012	BiCl3 loaded K10 (BiCl3-K10) has been used as solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of azine derivatives from benzophenone hydrazone and ketones/aldehydes by simple physical grinding.	Ketones	137-144	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	24-27
22555193-2	2012	Coupling of an alcohol dehydrogenase to an enoate reductase has been successfully applied in one pot for the isomerisation of an allylic alcohol to the corresponding ketone.	Ketones	166-172	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	15-36
22931460-0	2012	RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3-catalyzed alpha-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols.	Ketones	47-54	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
22900546-1	2012	An equatorial attack of TMS-diazomethane was determined to be the first step of the BF(3)-promoted ring expansion reaction of six-membered ketones using TMS-diazomethane.	Ketones	139-146	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	24-27
22900546-1	2012	An equatorial attack of TMS-diazomethane was determined to be the first step of the BF(3)-promoted ring expansion reaction of six-membered ketones using TMS-diazomethane.	Ketones	139-146	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	153-156
22626010-11	2012	We discovered that indium(I) iodide was an excellent catalyst for alpha-selective allylations of C(sp(2)) electrophiles such as ketones and hydrazones.	Ketones	128-135	regulator of calcineurin 2	Homo sapiens	97-104
22183976-0	2012	S6 kinase 2 deficiency enhances ketone body production and increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activity in the liver.	Ketones	32-38	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	0-11
22474187-5	2012	After LPS administration, the characteristic decrease in plasma ketone levels is accentuated in FGF21-/- mice, but this is not due to differences in expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1alpha or hydroxymethyglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 in liver, because LPS induces similar decreases in the expression of these genes in FGF21-/- and control mice.	Ketones	64-70	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	6-9
22474187-5	2012	After LPS administration, the characteristic decrease in plasma ketone levels is accentuated in FGF21-/- mice, but this is not due to differences in expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1alpha or hydroxymethyglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 in liver, because LPS induces similar decreases in the expression of these genes in FGF21-/- and control mice.	Ketones	64-70	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	96-101
22407236-0	2012	Intramolecular reductive ketone-alkynoate coupling reaction promoted by (eta2-propene)titanium.	Ketones	25-31	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	73-77
22427566-1	2012	PURPOSE: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) expresses GPR109A, a receptor for the vitamin niacin and the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB).	Ketones	103-109	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Mus musculus	52-59
22481539-2	2012	It has been observed that converting stevioside and rebaudioside A to their corresponding ketones by switching the doubly bonded methylene on C-17 for a ketone group actually removes the sweet taste properties of these molecules completely.	Ketones	90-97	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
22481539-2	2012	It has been observed that converting stevioside and rebaudioside A to their corresponding ketones by switching the doubly bonded methylene on C-17 for a ketone group actually removes the sweet taste properties of these molecules completely.	Ketones	90-96	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
22338096-1	2012	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) stimulates fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production in animals.	Ketones	72-78	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	0-27
22338096-1	2012	Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) stimulates fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production in animals.	Ketones	72-78	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	29-34
22665122-7	2012	The overexpression of CYP2E1 can enhance the metabolism of endogenous ketones to meet the energy demand of the heart in certain disease states, but the overexpression of CYP2E1 can also increase oxidative stress and apoptosis in the DCM heart.	Ketones	70-77	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	22-28
22183976-4	2012	Here, we show that mice lacking S6K2 exhibit elevated levels of ketone bodies and enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) activity upon nutrient availability.	Ketones	64-70	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	32-36
22183976-8	2012	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that S6K2 regulates hepatic energy homeostasis by repressing PPARalpha activity and point to its potential relevance for therapeutic strategies designed to modulate S6K2 activity as a treatment for deregulated ketone body production.	Ketones	243-249	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	38-42
22357971-0	2012	The ketone body beta-hydroxybutyric acid influences agouti-related peptide expression via AMP-activated protein kinase in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells.	Ketones	4-10	agouti related neuropeptide	Mus musculus	52-74
21952825-1	2012	The genes HMGCS2 and HMGCL encode the two main enzymes for ketone-body synthesis, mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA lyase.	Ketones	59-65	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	10-16
21952825-1	2012	The genes HMGCS2 and HMGCL encode the two main enzymes for ketone-body synthesis, mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA lyase.	Ketones	59-65	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	21-26
21952825-1	2012	The genes HMGCS2 and HMGCL encode the two main enzymes for ketone-body synthesis, mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase and HMG-CoA lyase.	Ketones	59-65	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	96-112
22301269-1	2012	In the mitochondrial matrix, the OXCT1 gene catalyzes the reversible transfer of coenzyme A from succinyl-CoA to acetoacetate in a reaction related to energy production from ketone bodies.	Ketones	174-180	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Equus caballus	33-38
22296255-1	2012	The bismuth-mediated two-component hemiacetal/oxa-conjugate addition of delta-trialkylsilyloxy and delta-hydroxy alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with alkyl aldehydes provides the syn-1,3-dioxanes in a highly efficient and stereoselective manner.	Ketones	150-157	synapsin I	Homo sapiens	192-197
22374313-0	2012	Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystallography, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition and antioxidant activities of some novel ketone derivatives of gallic hydrazide-derived Schiff bases.	Ketones	126-132	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	29-73
22374313-3	2012	Some novel ketone derivatives of gallic hydrazide-derived Schiff bases were synthesized and examined for their antioxidant activities and in vitro and in silico acetyl cholinesterase inhibition.	Ketones	11-17	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	168-182
22145792-4	2012	The surfaces of the micropillars are functionalized with a quaternary ammonium aminooxy salt, [2-(aminooxy)ethyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium iodide (ATM), for trapping trace ketones and aldehydes by means of oximation reactions.	Ketones	171-178	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	146-149
22244987-2	2012	The present study was performed to determine the expression and activity of CYP in non-obese type II diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with normal levels of ketone bodies.	Ketones	156-162	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
22244987-7	2012	Moreover, the expression and activity of CYP2E1, reported to be up-regulated in diabetes with hyperketonemia, were not significantly different between GK rats and control rats, suggesting that elevation of ketone bodies plays a critical role in the up-regulation of hepatic CYP2E1 in diabetic rats.	Ketones	99-105	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
22302940-5	2012	Positional cloning of the rmn locus reveals a loss-of-function mutation in slc16a6a (solute carrier family 16a, member 6a), a gene that we show encodes a transporter of the major ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	179-185	solute carrier family 16 member 6a	Danio rerio	26-29
22624461-11	2012	Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose.	Ketones	47-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22624461-11	2012	Insulin minimizes in cytosol the content of a) ketone bodies - metabolites of C4 butyric fat acid and b) short chained C6-C10 fat acids and C16 palmitic acid for which in mitochondrion exists specific carrier - carnitin-palmitoilacyltransferase and "forces" mitochondrion to oxidize glucose.	Ketones	47-53	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
22407107-2	2012	MCT1-MCT4 are proton symporters, which mediate the transmembrane transport of pyruvate, lactate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	100-106	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
22407107-2	2012	MCT1-MCT4 are proton symporters, which mediate the transmembrane transport of pyruvate, lactate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	100-106	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	5-9
22002663-8	2012	The results indicate that the opiates with a C-3 hydroxyl group or C-6 ketone group but in the presence of a 7, 8-single bond exhibit higher activity.	Ketones	71-77	complement C6	Homo sapiens	67-70
22319498-1	2012	The human aldo-keto reductase AKR1B10, originally identified as an aldose reductase-like protein and human small intestine aldose reductase, is a cytosolic NADPH-dependent reductase that metabolizes a variety of endogenous compounds, such as aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and dicarbonyl compounds, and some drug ketones.	Ketones	315-322	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	30-37
22240841-1	2012	MCT4 (SLC16A3) is the third member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
22240841-1	2012	MCT4 (SLC16A3) is the third member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	6-13
22240841-1	2012	MCT4 (SLC16A3) is the third member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	42-69
22240841-1	2012	MCT4 (SLC16A3) is the third member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) family and is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	204-210	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
22302940-5	2012	Positional cloning of the rmn locus reveals a loss-of-function mutation in slc16a6a (solute carrier family 16a, member 6a), a gene that we show encodes a transporter of the major ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate.	Ketones	179-185	solute carrier family 16 member 6a	Danio rerio	75-83
23028504-6	2012	The molecular model of 1, which mimics the l-Ser-l-Pro stereochemistry, in the Pin1 active site showed a distance of 4.4 A, and an angle of 31  between Cys113-S and the ketone carbon.	Ketones	169-175	peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
21856423-1	2012	Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates the transport of monocarboxylate fuels (lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies) and acidic drugs, such as valproic acid, across cell membranes.	Ketones	111-117	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
21856423-1	2012	Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates the transport of monocarboxylate fuels (lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies) and acidic drugs, such as valproic acid, across cell membranes.	Ketones	111-117	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21856423-8	2012	We hypothesize that the downregulation of MCT1 may promote seizures via impaired uptake of ketone bodies and antiepileptic drugs by the epileptogenic brain.	Ketones	91-97	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
23284747-8	2012	Furthermore, hepatic glycogen stores were diminished, and fasting plasma ketones were significantly reduced in Ogg1(-/-) mice.	Ketones	73-80	8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase 1	Mus musculus	111-115
23145119-5	2012	In this study, we treated SOD1-G93A mice with caprylic triglyceride, a medium chain triglyceride that is metabolized into ketone bodies and can serve as an alternate energy substrate for neuronal metabolism.	Ketones	122-128	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Mus musculus	26-30
23123469-1	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme that converts acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA in the cytosol and consequently provides acetyl units as the precursors for lipogenesis.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	0-26
23123469-1	2012	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme that converts acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA in the cytosol and consequently provides acetyl units as the precursors for lipogenesis.	Ketones	39-45	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	28-32
22279528-4	2012	We now report that Largazole and its ester and ketone analogs selectively inhibit ubiquitin conjugation to p27(Kip1) and TRF1 in vitro.	Ketones	47-53	interferon alpha inducible protein 27	Homo sapiens	107-110
22279528-4	2012	We now report that Largazole and its ester and ketone analogs selectively inhibit ubiquitin conjugation to p27(Kip1) and TRF1 in vitro.	Ketones	47-53	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Homo sapiens	111-115
22279528-4	2012	We now report that Largazole and its ester and ketone analogs selectively inhibit ubiquitin conjugation to p27(Kip1) and TRF1 in vitro.	Ketones	47-53	telomeric repeat binding factor 1	Homo sapiens	121-125
22238690-9	2012	Foxa1 also increases the breakdown of fatty acids by inducing peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation and ketone body synthesis.	Ketones	104-110	forkhead box A1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21877927-11	2011	CONCLUSIONS: The influence of physical activity during a 3-h interruption of insulin pump treatment is evident, especially in the increase in plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	190-196	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
22654812-4	2011	The HCA(1) receptor (GPR81) is activated by the glycolytic metabolite 2-hydroxy-propionic acid (lactate), the HCA(2) receptor is activated by the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, and the HCA(3) receptor (GPR109B) is a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	146-152	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
22236875-12	2011	In contrast, PKM2 did not lead to lactate accumulation, but triggered a "pseudo-starvation" response in stromal cells, with induction of an NFkappaB-dependent autophagic program, and increased output of the ketone body 3-hydroxy-buryrate.	Ketones	207-213	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	13-17
22500444-1	2011	A novel method was developed for trace analysis of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones in water-based adhesive based on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) direct derivatization-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM] PF6) preconcentration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).	Ketones	75-82	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	228-231
22003969-2	2011	Furthermore, the chemoselective reduction of the ketone at C-39 was performed giving an easy access to bistramides A, B, D, K, and L. Finally, the versatility of the synthesis of the C14-C40 fragment can allow the preparation of a large variety of stereoisomers to produce bistramide analogues.	Ketones	49-55	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 11	Homo sapiens	187-190
21982775-1	2011	Recently it was demonstrated that the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) inhibits insulin-mediated glucose transport in isolated oxidative muscle, which was associated with decreased phosphorylation of Akt/protein kinase B.	Ketones	38-44	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	206-209
22654812-4	2011	The HCA(1) receptor (GPR81) is activated by the glycolytic metabolite 2-hydroxy-propionic acid (lactate), the HCA(2) receptor is activated by the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, and the HCA(3) receptor (GPR109B) is a receptor for the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	146-152	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	207-214
21958056-1	2011	Proline anthranilamide-based pseudopeptides were shown to be effective organocatalysts for enantioselective direct aldol reactions of a selection of aldehydes with various ketones with excellent yield, enantioselectivity up to 99% and anti to syn diastereoselectivity up to 25:1.	Ketones	172-179	synemin	Homo sapiens	243-246
22018000-9	2011	Alternative energy substrates such as ketone bodies and monounsaturated oleic acid supported the growth of the Tsc2-/- cells in vitro, whereas saturated palmitic acid was toxic.	Ketones	38-44	TSC complex subunit 2	Mus musculus	111-115
21905748-1	2011	In the presence of catalytic Ni(cod)(2) and P(t-Bu)(3), ketones, dienes, and B(2)(pin)(2) undergo a stereoselective multicomponent coupling reaction.	Ketones	56-63	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
21807042-5	2011	By coupling the transketolase catalysed chiral ketone forming reaction with the biocatalytic addition of an amine to the TK product using a transaminase (omega-TAm) it is possible to generate chiral amino alcohols from achiral starting compounds.	Ketones	47-53	transketolase	Homo sapiens	16-29
21247997-1	2011	Beta-ketothiolase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	86-92	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
21807042-5	2011	By coupling the transketolase catalysed chiral ketone forming reaction with the biocatalytic addition of an amine to the TK product using a transaminase (omega-TAm) it is possible to generate chiral amino alcohols from achiral starting compounds.	Ketones	47-53	transketolase	Homo sapiens	121-123
21791085-6	2011	RESULTS: The ketone body metabolizing enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and 2), 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) were expressed at the mRNA and protein level in all glioma cell lines.	Ketones	13-19	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-97
21755915-2	2011	The sense of reduction indicates that the unsaturated region of the ketone adopts a position adjacent to the Ru-bound eta(6)-arene ring in the reduction transition state.	Ketones	68-74	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	118-121
21655576-2	2011	The strategy was based on 4 key reactions: (1) CBS reduction of prochiral ketone 10 to introduce chirality at C-1, (2) radical allylation of quinone 9a, (3) cross-metathesis of dimethoxynaphthalene 13 with methyl acrylate, and (4) intramolecular oxa-Michael addition of alcohol 8 to form the core naphthopyran ring system.	Ketones	74-80	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	110-113
21455816-3	2011	Some of the hepatic abnormalities associated with hyperglycemia-mediated induction of CYP2E1 include increased oxidative stress, changes in mitochondrial structure and function, apoptosis, nitrosative stress, and increased ketone body accumulation.	Ketones	223-229	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	86-92
21352078-7	2011	Diabetic patients consume particularly acidogenic diets, and deficiency of insulin action generates ketone bodies, creating a baseline state of metabolic acidosis worsened by inadequate metabolic control, which creates a vicious circle by inducing insulin resistance.	Ketones	100-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
21573299-1	2011	A theoretical study is presented of the mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of the hydroxyl radical with three ketones: dimethyl (DMK), ethylmethyl (EMK) and iso-propylmethyl (iPMK) ketones.	Ketones	115-122	DM1 protein kinase	Homo sapiens	134-137
21573299-1	2011	A theoretical study is presented of the mechanism and kinetics of the reactions of the hydroxyl radical with three ketones: dimethyl (DMK), ethylmethyl (EMK) and iso-propylmethyl (iPMK) ketones.	Ketones	186-193	inositol polyphosphate multikinase	Homo sapiens	180-184
22029671-5	2011	Third, ketone bodies that are elevated when insulin and blood glucose levels are low, have been found to negatively affect proliferation of different malignant cells in vitro or not to be usable by tumor cells for metabolic demands, and a multitude of mouse models have shown anti-tumorigenic properties of very low CHO ketogenic diets.	Ketones	7-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
21669895-3	2011	The classical biochemical profile of T2 deficiency is a result of null mutations in both alleles of the ACAT1 gene and consists of persistently increased urinary excretion of ketones, characteristic organic acids, and tiglylglycine as well as abnormal blood or plasma acylcarnitine profiles in acute and stable conditions.	Ketones	175-182	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
21502324-1	2011	HMGCS2 (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase 2), the gene that regulates ketone body production, is barely expressed in cultured cell lines.	Ketones	71-77	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
21502324-1	2011	HMGCS2 (hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase 2), the gene that regulates ketone body production, is barely expressed in cultured cell lines.	Ketones	71-77	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	8-44
21502324-7	2011	FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) expression was specifically induced by HMGCS2 activity or by the inclusion of the oxidized form of ketone bodies (acetoacetate) in the culture medium.	Ketones	135-141	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	0-5
21502324-7	2011	FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21) expression was specifically induced by HMGCS2 activity or by the inclusion of the oxidized form of ketone bodies (acetoacetate) in the culture medium.	Ketones	135-141	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	7-34
21791085-6	2011	RESULTS: The ketone body metabolizing enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and 2), 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) were expressed at the mRNA and protein level in all glioma cell lines.	Ketones	13-19	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
21791085-6	2011	RESULTS: The ketone body metabolizing enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and 2), 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) were expressed at the mRNA and protein level in all glioma cell lines.	Ketones	13-19	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-170
21791085-6	2011	RESULTS: The ketone body metabolizing enzymes 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (BDH1 and 2), 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1 (OXCT1) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) were expressed at the mRNA and protein level in all glioma cell lines.	Ketones	13-19	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
21454438-5	2011	The HCA(1) receptor (GPR81) is activated by 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (lactate), the HCA(2) receptor (GPR109A) is a receptor for the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, and the HCA(3) receptor (GPR109B) is activated by the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	132-138	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
21454438-5	2011	The HCA(1) receptor (GPR81) is activated by 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (lactate), the HCA(2) receptor (GPR109A) is a receptor for the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, and the HCA(3) receptor (GPR109B) is activated by the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	132-138	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	101-108
21454438-5	2011	The HCA(1) receptor (GPR81) is activated by 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (lactate), the HCA(2) receptor (GPR109A) is a receptor for the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, and the HCA(3) receptor (GPR109B) is activated by the beta-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	132-138	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	193-200
21472158-3	2011	A Lewis-acid mediated allylation of the resulting acetal at C13 and a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination on the ketone at C17 complete the synthesis.	Ketones	113-119	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
21518883-0	2011	Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41).	Ketones	28-35	free fatty acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	85-114
21518883-0	2011	Short-chain fatty acids and ketones directly regulate sympathetic nervous system via G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41).	Ketones	28-35	free fatty acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	116-121
21518883-6	2011	Here, we show that SCFAs and ketone bodies directly regulate SNS activity via GPR41, a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor for SCFAs, at the level of the sympathetic ganglion.	Ketones	29-35	free fatty acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	78-83
21518883-9	2011	On the other hand, a ketone body, beta-hydroxybutyrate, produced during starvation or diabetes, suppressed SNS activity by antagonizing GPR41.	Ketones	21-27	free fatty acid receptor 3	Homo sapiens	136-141
21194556-2	2011	Previously, we showed that the gene expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the ketone body-utilizing enzyme for lipid synthesis, was suppressed by leptin deficiency-induced obesity in white adipose tissue.	Ketones	89-95	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	50-76
21286609-1	2011	A novel tandem-biocatalysts system consisting of a monooxygenase-containing microorganism and an alcohol dehydrogenase is developed for the concurrent oxidations of methylene groups to ketones in one pot, providing green, clean and simple access to valuable ketones with high yield, excellent selectivity and efficient cofactor recycling.	Ketones	185-192	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	97-118
21286609-1	2011	A novel tandem-biocatalysts system consisting of a monooxygenase-containing microorganism and an alcohol dehydrogenase is developed for the concurrent oxidations of methylene groups to ketones in one pot, providing green, clean and simple access to valuable ketones with high yield, excellent selectivity and efficient cofactor recycling.	Ketones	258-265	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	97-118
21111800-1	2011	A non-enzymatic reaction between ketones or aldehydes and the amino groups of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids contributes to the aging of macromolecules and to the development and progression of various age-related disorders such as vascular complications of diabetes, Alzheimer"s disease, cancer growth and metastasis, insulin resistance and degenerative bone disease.	Ketones	33-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	323-330
21209089-3	2011	Here, we use novel Oxct1(-/-) mice, which lack the ketolytic enzyme succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase (SCOT), to demonstrate that ketone body oxidation is required for postnatal survival in mice.	Ketones	136-142	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Mus musculus	19-24
21209089-3	2011	Here, we use novel Oxct1(-/-) mice, which lack the ketolytic enzyme succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase (SCOT), to demonstrate that ketone body oxidation is required for postnatal survival in mice.	Ketones	136-142	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	68-107
21209089-3	2011	Here, we use novel Oxct1(-/-) mice, which lack the ketolytic enzyme succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase (SCOT), to demonstrate that ketone body oxidation is required for postnatal survival in mice.	Ketones	136-142	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	109-113
21194556-2	2011	Previously, we showed that the gene expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), the ketone body-utilizing enzyme for lipid synthesis, was suppressed by leptin deficiency-induced obesity in white adipose tissue.	Ketones	89-95	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	78-82
21319201-5	2011	High-fat diet CPT1A- and, to a greater extent, CPT1AM-expressing mice showed an enhanced hepatic FAO which resulted in increased production of CO(2) , adenosine triphosphate, and ketone bodies.	Ketones	179-185	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver	Mus musculus	14-18
21605500-4	2011	In separate rats on the same diet conditions, expression of the transporters of glucose and ketones (glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT1)) was measured in brain microvessel preparations.	Ketones	92-99	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-122
20959534-5	2011	Consistently, the activity of HMGCS2 in kidneys and 24-h urinary excretion of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) were significantly increased in db/db mice.	Ketones	82-88	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	30-36
21081165-1	2011	Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates the transport of important metabolic fuels (lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies) and possibly also acidic drugs such as valproic acid across the blood-brain barrier.	Ketones	115-121	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
21081165-1	2011	Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) facilitates the transport of important metabolic fuels (lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies) and possibly also acidic drugs such as valproic acid across the blood-brain barrier.	Ketones	115-121	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21209460-1	2011	Human liver CYP2E1 is a monotopic, endoplasmic reticulum-anchored cytochrome P450 responsible for the biotransformation of clinically relevant drugs, low molecular weight xenobiotics, carcinogens, and endogenous ketones.	Ketones	212-219	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	12-18
20470813-3	2010	The presence of a cholesterol-type side chain, which appears to play a major role in determining the biological activity, the existence of a ketone functional at C-9 is also crucial for anticancer activity whereas hydroxyl/ketone function at C-22 on the side chain did not increase cytotoxicity.	Ketones	141-147	complement C9	Homo sapiens	162-165
21907911-5	2011	HCA(1) is activated by lactate, HCA(2) by the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyrate, and HCA(3) by hydroxylated beta-oxidation intermediates, especially 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	46-52	HCA1	Homo sapiens	0-6
21907911-5	2011	HCA(1) is activated by lactate, HCA(2) by the ketone body 3-hydroxy-butyrate, and HCA(3) by hydroxylated beta-oxidation intermediates, especially 3-hydroxy-octanoic acid.	Ketones	46-52	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	32-38
21909411-3	2011	A high fat/methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet, administered for 4 weeks, was used to induce NASH in rats.We demonstrated that CPT-I activity decreased, to the same extent, both in isolated liver mitochondria and in digitonin-permeabilized hepatocytes from MCD-diet fed rats.At the same time, the rate of total fatty acid oxidation to CO(2) and ketone bodies, measured in isolated hepatocytes, was significantly lowered in treated animals when compared to controls.	Ketones	349-355	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
21630517-7	2011	However, chemistry has also been developed to generate analogs at the C-1 ketone, the C-4 methyl ester, and the C-17 lactone.	Ketones	74-80	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	70-73
21179166-6	2010	We find that liver-specific loss of TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1), an mTORC1 inhibitor, leads to a fasting-resistant increase in liver size, and to a pronounced defect in ketone body production and ketogenic gene expression on fasting.	Ketones	169-175	TSC complex subunit 1	Mus musculus	36-40
20930048-3	2010	Deletion of Nrf2 (Nrf2-(/)-) in mice resulted in a reduced liver weight, a decrease in fatty acid content of hepatic triacylglycerol, as well as concomitant increases in the levels of serum VLDL-triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, and ketone bodies at 6 mo of age.	Ketones	235-241	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	12-16
20930048-3	2010	Deletion of Nrf2 (Nrf2-(/)-) in mice resulted in a reduced liver weight, a decrease in fatty acid content of hepatic triacylglycerol, as well as concomitant increases in the levels of serum VLDL-triglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, and ketone bodies at 6 mo of age.	Ketones	235-241	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	18-22
20852852-5	2010	The ketones were at least as potent at inhibiting osteoclast formation and RANKL signaling in vitro as the esters and did not inhibit osteoblast differentiation or function.	Ketones	4-11	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	75-80
21109197-0	2010	SIRT3 deacetylates mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase 2 and regulates ketone body production.	Ketones	89-95	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	0-5
21109197-9	2010	Our findings show SIRT3 regulates ketone body production during fasting and provide molecular insight into how protein acetylation can regulate enzymatic activity.	Ketones	34-40	sirtuin 3	Mus musculus	18-23
21067189-2	2010	We have previously reported a pyridoxal 5"-phosphate (PLP)-mediated reaction that site-specifically oxidizes the N-terminal amine of a protein to afford a ketone.	Ketones	155-161	pyridoxal phosphatase	Homo sapiens	54-57
20947616-11	2011	The specificity of FMO5 toward catalyzing this Baeyer-Villiger oxidation was further demonstrated by incubating the synthetic ketone intermediate in recombinant enzymes.	Ketones	126-132	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 5	Homo sapiens	19-23
20942379-4	2010	The E- and Z-crotyl reagents react diastereoselectively with aldehydes and ketones to produce anti and syn adducts, respectively, a result consistent with a cyclic transition state (type I mechanism).	Ketones	75-82	synemin	Homo sapiens	103-106
21179166-6	2010	We find that liver-specific loss of TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1), an mTORC1 inhibitor, leads to a fasting-resistant increase in liver size, and to a pronounced defect in ketone body production and ketogenic gene expression on fasting.	Ketones	169-175	TSC complex subunit 1	Mus musculus	42-62
21179166-10	2010	Moreover, we show that the suppressive effects of mTORC1 activation and ageing on PPARalpha activity and ketone production are not additive, and that mTORC1 inhibition is sufficient to prevent the ageing-induced defect in ketogenesis.	Ketones	105-111	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	50-56
20861672-6	2010	Transcriptional profiling of Cav-1 (-/-) stromal cells and human tumor stroma from breast cancer patients directly supported an association with oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy/mitophagy, as well as ADMA and ketone production.	Ketones	235-241	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
20945898-2	2010	The usefulness of the protocol has been demonstrated by the ready conversion of the allylated products into the corresponding alcohols, esters, and ketones with retention of stereochemistry as well as by the enantioselective synthesis of cis-3-ethyl-4-phenylpiperidine and cinnamomumolide.	Ketones	148-155	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	238-243
20937004-3	2010	CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 appeared to be the primary enzymes mediating the formation of pharmacologically active ketone metabolite (M1), whereas CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 appeared to be the enzymes responsible for the formation of the hydroxylated metabolite (M2).	Ketones	105-111	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20937004-3	2010	CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 appeared to be the primary enzymes mediating the formation of pharmacologically active ketone metabolite (M1), whereas CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 appeared to be the enzymes responsible for the formation of the hydroxylated metabolite (M2).	Ketones	105-111	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	11-17
20937004-3	2010	CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 appeared to be the primary enzymes mediating the formation of pharmacologically active ketone metabolite (M1), whereas CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 appeared to be the enzymes responsible for the formation of the hydroxylated metabolite (M2).	Ketones	105-111	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	137-143
20937004-3	2010	CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 appeared to be the primary enzymes mediating the formation of pharmacologically active ketone metabolite (M1), whereas CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 appeared to be the enzymes responsible for the formation of the hydroxylated metabolite (M2).	Ketones	105-111	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	145-151
20937004-3	2010	CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 appeared to be the primary enzymes mediating the formation of pharmacologically active ketone metabolite (M1), whereas CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP2C9 appeared to be the enzymes responsible for the formation of the hydroxylated metabolite (M2).	Ketones	105-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	157-163
20538040-6	2010	Following transition through reproductive senescence, enzymes required for long-chain fatty acid (HADHA) and ketone body (SCOT) metabolism were significantly increased and variability in cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) collapsed to cluster at a approximately 40% decline in both the nonTg and 3xTgAD brain which was indicative of alternative fuel generation with concomitant decline in ATP generation.	Ketones	109-115	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	122-126
20487432-5	2010	OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine which of the 4- hydroxyphenolic acids produced by HPPD inhibition react with ketone test fields of 3 commercially available urine dipsticks.	Ketones	131-137	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase	Canis lupus familiaris	104-108
20306479-1	2010	Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 mediates the transport of ketone bodies and other monocarboxylic acids across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	62-68	MCT1	Sus scrofa	0-35
20586451-7	2010	The immobilization of a cell adhesive Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-ketone peptide to the SPREAD stamped oxyamine-alkanethiol SAMs provides a stable interfacial oxime linkage for biospecific studies of cell adhesion, polarity, and migration.	Ketones	56-62	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	114-118
20488739-1	2010	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inherited disorder affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	116-122	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
20564291-0	2010	Base-catalyzed stereoselective vinylation of ketones with arylacetylenes: a new C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond-forming reaction.	Ketones	45-52	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	87-92
20355742-1	2010	syn-Tertiary homoallylic alcohols were obtained by the reaction of alpha-silylallenyltitanocenes generated by the reductive titanation of gamma-silylpropargylic carbonates with Cp(2)Ti[P(OEt)(3)](2) with ketones and following desilylation and partial hydrogenation.	Ketones	204-211	synemin	Homo sapiens	0-3
20557099-6	2010	Herein we tested various thiadiazole carbamates, amides, esters, and ketones for inhibition of LAL.	Ketones	69-76	lipase A, lysosomal acid type	Homo sapiens	95-98
20374433-10	2010	In summary, our data demonstrate that ketones can preserve synaptic function in CA1 hippocampus induced by MRC dysfunction, likely through an antioxidant action and enhanced ATP generation.	Ketones	38-45	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
20233938-3	2010	Ketone turnover (micromol/min) in the conscious and unrestrained mouse was responsive to induction and diminution of hepatic fat oxidation, as indicated by an eightfold rise during the fed (0.50+/-0.1)-to-fasted (3.8+/-0.2) transition and a dramatic blunting of fasting ketone turnover in PPARalpha(-/-) mice (1.0+/-0.1).	Ketones	0-6	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	289-298
20418444-5	2010	Deletion of the oleC gene alone generated a strain that lacked compound I but produced a structurally analogous ketone.	Ketones	112-118	AMP-binding protein	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	16-20
20418444-6	2010	Complementation of the oleC gene eliminated formation of the ketone and restored the biosynthesis of compound I.	Ketones	61-67	AMP-binding protein	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	23-27
20359182-3	2010	The material with immobilized ADH-A was as efficient as the commercial enzyme to perform stereoselective bioreductions of ketones in aqueous solutions and could be used for the reduction of various aliphatic and aromatic ketones up to 60 degrees C and recycled several times without significant loss of activity even after three months of storage.	Ketones	122-129	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	30-35
20359182-3	2010	The material with immobilized ADH-A was as efficient as the commercial enzyme to perform stereoselective bioreductions of ketones in aqueous solutions and could be used for the reduction of various aliphatic and aromatic ketones up to 60 degrees C and recycled several times without significant loss of activity even after three months of storage.	Ketones	221-228	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	30-35
20364836-4	2010	This chelate can then be deprotonated to afford the amido complex, [RuCl(eta(6)-p-cymene)(P,N-Ph(2)PAr(-))] (Ar(-) = o-C(6)H(4)NMe(-)), which is an active ketone transfer hydrogenation catalyst.	Ketones	155-161	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	73-76
20156697-1	2010	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism affecting isoleucine catabolism and ketone body utilization.	Ketones	124-130	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
20086031-18	2010	The initial ketone formation was CYP3A4-dependent and rate-limiting for the overall reaction to CD1790.	Ketones	12-18	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	33-39
20202668-6	2010	First, the conjugated diene structure of Adda moiety was attacked by hydroxyl radical (OH()) to produce dihydroxylated products, then the hydroxylated 4-5 and/or 6-7 bond of Adda was cleaved into aldehyde or ketone peptide residues, and finally the residues were oxidized into the corresponding carboxylic acids.	Ketones	208-214	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
20202668-6	2010	First, the conjugated diene structure of Adda moiety was attacked by hydroxyl radical (OH()) to produce dihydroxylated products, then the hydroxylated 4-5 and/or 6-7 bond of Adda was cleaved into aldehyde or ketone peptide residues, and finally the residues were oxidized into the corresponding carboxylic acids.	Ketones	208-214	adducin 1	Homo sapiens	174-178
20102333-1	2010	In the cytosol of lipogenic tissue, ketone bodies are activated by AACS (acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase) and incorporated into cholesterol and fatty acids.	Ketones	36-42	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	67-71
20204218-2	2010	Thus, in a one-pot reaction using two redox biocatalysts (a BVMO and an ADH) and a catalytic amount of cofactor that acts as a mediator, enantioenriched ketones, sulfoxides, and sec-alcohols were concurrently obtained in a strict parallel way, minimising the quantity of reagents employed.	Ketones	153-160	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	72-75
21472247-1	2010	In ketone body metabolism, hepatocyte-specific silencing of the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) gene appears to be physiologically important to avoid a futile cycle in the liver, whereas the SCOT gene is expressed in extrahepatic tissues.	Ketones	3-9	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	64-103
21472247-1	2010	In ketone body metabolism, hepatocyte-specific silencing of the succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) gene appears to be physiologically important to avoid a futile cycle in the liver, whereas the SCOT gene is expressed in extrahepatic tissues.	Ketones	3-9	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
20197053-4	2010	Changes in FGF21 expression due to suckling or nutritional manipulations were associated with circulating free fatty acid and ketone body levels.	Ketones	126-132	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	11-16
20102333-1	2010	In the cytosol of lipogenic tissue, ketone bodies are activated by AACS (acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase) and incorporated into cholesterol and fatty acids.	Ketones	36-42	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	73-99
21048316-2	2010	AKR1B14 catalyzed the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form (NADPH)-dependent reduction of carbonyl compounds (derived from lipid peroxidation and glycation), xenobiotic aromatic aldehydes and some aromatic ketones.	Ketones	226-233	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
19850474-2	2009	Recently, carbamate, urea and ketone inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) have been described as promising treatments for pain, anxiety, depression and other CNS-related conditions.	Ketones	30-36	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	51-77
20025965-2	2010	Succinyl-CoA transferase (SCOT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of ketone bodies, was the most intensely reactive protein against anti-3-nitrotyrosine antibody in rat kidney mitochondria.	Ketones	78-84	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
20025965-2	2010	Succinyl-CoA transferase (SCOT), a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of ketone bodies, was the most intensely reactive protein against anti-3-nitrotyrosine antibody in rat kidney mitochondria.	Ketones	78-84	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
20025965-8	2010	Loss of SCOT protein in the aged rats may attenuate the capacity of kidney mitochondria to utilize ketone bodies for energy production.	Ketones	99-105	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
19850474-2	2009	Recently, carbamate, urea and ketone inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) have been described as promising treatments for pain, anxiety, depression and other CNS-related conditions.	Ketones	30-36	fatty acid amide hydrolase	Homo sapiens	79-83
19702782-2	2009	One of the crucial interactions may be between the C20 ketone group (D-ring substituent at C17) of the neurosteroid, and the N407 and Y410 residues in the M4 domain of the receptor.	Ketones	55-61	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
19715289-1	2009	The reaction of (trifluoromethyl)dimethylphenylsilylacetylene and (eta(2)-propene)Ti(O(i)Pr)(2) generated in situ smoothly proceeded giving the corresponding (eta(2)-1-dimethylphenylsilyl-2-trifluoromethylalkyne)Ti(O(i)Pr)(2), which reacted with aldehydes and ketones to afford the corresponding addition products in good yields with good to excellent regioselectivity.	Ketones	260-267	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	67-72
19820031-7	2009	RESULTS: GHR blockade significantly suppressed circulating free fatty acids (1226 +/- 83 vs. 1074 +/- 65 micromol/liter; P = 0.03) and ketone bodies (3080 +/- 271 vs. 2015 +/- 235 micromol/liter; P &lt;or= 0.01), as well as forearm uptake of free fatty acids (0.341 +/- 0.150 vs. 0.004 +/- 0.119 micromol/100 ml x min; P &lt; 0.01) and lipid oxidation (1.3 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1 mg/kg x min; P = 0.03) in the basal period.	Ketones	135-141	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	9-12
19715289-1	2009	The reaction of (trifluoromethyl)dimethylphenylsilylacetylene and (eta(2)-propene)Ti(O(i)Pr)(2) generated in situ smoothly proceeded giving the corresponding (eta(2)-1-dimethylphenylsilyl-2-trifluoromethylalkyne)Ti(O(i)Pr)(2), which reacted with aldehydes and ketones to afford the corresponding addition products in good yields with good to excellent regioselectivity.	Ketones	260-267	DNA polymerase iota	Homo sapiens	159-164
19694724-3	2009	The main purpose of this study was to determine whether other ketones, 2-butanone (methyl ethyl ketone: MEK) and 3-pentanone (diethyl ketone: DEK), also show anticonvulsive effects in lithium-pilocarpine (Li-pilocarpine)-induced status epilepticus (SE) in rats.	Ketones	62-69	DEK proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
19473013-0	2009	Allylation and crotylation of ketones and aldehydes using potassium organotrifluoroborate salts under Lewis acid and montmorillonite K10 catalyzed conditions.	Ketones	30-37	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	133-136
19691310-4	2009	Stereoselective reduction of the ketone led to either the syn- or anti-1,3-diol.	Ketones	33-39	synemin	Homo sapiens	58-61
19662255-0	2009	Sc(OTf)(3)-catalyzed condensation of 2-alkyl-N-tosylaziridine with aldehydes or ketones: an efficient synthesis of 5-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidines.	Ketones	80-87	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
19662255-1	2009	Sc(OTf)(3) effectively catalyzes the condensation of 2-alkyl-N-tosylaziridine with a wide variety of aldehydes and ketones, producing 5-alkyl-1,3-oxazolidines in good yields and excellent regioselectivity at catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol%.	Ketones	115-122	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	0-9
19369940-1	2009	The ketone bodies (KBs) D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB) and acetoacetate (AcAc) play a role in starvation and have been associated with insulin resistance.	Ketones	4-10	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
19496088-7	2009	The possible clinical consequences of these high levels of IAs remain to be evaluated because a low-glucose morning syndrome or severe insulin resistance with ketone bodies production have been reported in some cases.	Ketones	159-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
19584420-4	2009	The third compound, pa-18-C-6, is selective to small-diameter (D&lt;1.03 nm) met-SWNTs due to the ketone-to-enol rearrangement resulting in higher strain force relaxation; the rearrangement was shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data.	Ketones	98-104	complement C6	Homo sapiens	26-29
19582307-2	2009	The reductive hydroxyalkylation of nitrone 10 with ketones and aromatic aldehydes is highly diastereoselective in establishing the C-2 chiral center of the pyrrolidine ring.	Ketones	51-58	complement C2	Homo sapiens	131-134
19416713-0	2009	Ablation of ARNT/HIF1beta in liver alters gluconeogenesis, lipogenic gene expression, and serum ketones.	Ketones	96-103	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Mus musculus	12-16
19319983-8	2009	Among women, the risk was increased for the group "other solvents" that includes mainly alcohols, ketones, esters and glycol ethers (RR 2.73, 95% CI 1.21-6.16).	Ketones	98-105	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	133-137
19262019-2	2009	The present study examined the effect of 48-h fasting on the mRNA expressions of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT2, which are involved in ketone body transport, in several brain regions.	Ketones	150-156	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-110
19262019-2	2009	The present study examined the effect of 48-h fasting on the mRNA expressions of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT2, which are involved in ketone body transport, in several brain regions.	Ketones	150-156	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
19262019-2	2009	The present study examined the effect of 48-h fasting on the mRNA expressions of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and MCT2, which are involved in ketone body transport, in several brain regions.	Ketones	150-156	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
19262019-6	2009	The present results suggest that increased uptake of ketone bodies via MCT2 in the AP-NTS region is likely involved in the mechanism of fasting-induced suppression of LH secretion in rats.	Ketones	53-59	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
19416713-0	2009	Ablation of ARNT/HIF1beta in liver alters gluconeogenesis, lipogenic gene expression, and serum ketones.	Ketones	96-103	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Mus musculus	17-25
19368348-4	2009	Vanillin and apocynin could inhibit the enzymatic activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), as revealed by an in vitro lipid kinase assay, suggesting that inhibition of PI3K activity was a mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect on cancer cell migration, and the presence of an aldehyde or ketone group in the vanillin structure was important for this inhibition.	Ketones	297-303	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	62-87
19085696-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is the enzyme responsible for the utilization of ketone bodies for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and the gene is highly expressed only in the male subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT).	Ketones	95-101	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	12-38
19085696-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) is the enzyme responsible for the utilization of ketone bodies for the synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids and the gene is highly expressed only in the male subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT).	Ketones	95-101	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
19085696-5	2009	In contrast, expression of the other ketone body utilizing enzyme, succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), did not change.	Ketones	37-43	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-106
19085696-5	2009	In contrast, expression of the other ketone body utilizing enzyme, succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), did not change.	Ketones	37-43	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
19085696-7	2009	CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that AACS plays male-specific metabolic roles in the regulation of ketone body-utilization for lipogenesis and that sex-specific ketone body-utilization is restricted in subcutaneous WAT.	Ketones	99-105	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
19074645-9	2009	Higher visfatin levels were associated with higher hepatic glucose production (r = 0.53, P &lt; 0.05) and also with a higher arterial ketone body ratio (KBR) (r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.05), an indicator of increased hepatic NAD generation.	Ketones	134-140	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	7-15
19154154-7	2009	Ketones give the 4,1"-syn product while the aldehydes give the reversed selectivity to yield a 4,1"-anti product.	Ketones	0-7	synemin	Homo sapiens	22-25
19249831-5	2009	The linear ketones and cyclopentanone got predominant syn products whereas cyclohexanone mainly gave anti products.	Ketones	11-18	synemin	Homo sapiens	54-57
19262922-0	2009	Targeting ketone drugs towards transport by the intestinal peptide transporter, PepT1.	Ketones	10-16	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
19262922-1	2009	Thiodipeptide prodrugs of the ketone nabumetone are shown to have affinity for, and be transported by, PepT1 in vitro.	Ketones	30-36	solute carrier family 15 member 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
19219059-3	2009	To clarify the effects of obesity on ketone body utilization in brain, we examined the mRNA localization of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), which activates ketone bodies for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol, in various brain regions of Zucker fatty rats by in situ hybridization.	Ketones	37-43	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	108-134
19219059-3	2009	To clarify the effects of obesity on ketone body utilization in brain, we examined the mRNA localization of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), which activates ketone bodies for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol, in various brain regions of Zucker fatty rats by in situ hybridization.	Ketones	37-43	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
19219059-3	2009	To clarify the effects of obesity on ketone body utilization in brain, we examined the mRNA localization of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), which activates ketone bodies for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol, in various brain regions of Zucker fatty rats by in situ hybridization.	Ketones	159-165	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	108-134
19219059-3	2009	To clarify the effects of obesity on ketone body utilization in brain, we examined the mRNA localization of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), which activates ketone bodies for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol, in various brain regions of Zucker fatty rats by in situ hybridization.	Ketones	159-165	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
19219059-8	2009	As AACS was expressed in neural-like cells, ketone bodies are assumed to be utilized for the synthesis of lipidic substances and to cause metabolic disorders in the nervous system.	Ketones	44-50	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	3-7
19117756-0	2009	Investigation of ketone warheads as alternatives to the nitrile for preparation of potent and selective cathepsin K inhibitors.	Ketones	17-23	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	104-115
19437527-1	2009	Bi-O chemistry: A direct regioselective route to bismuth bis(amino)naphthalene compounds, incorporating Bi-O and Bi-C bonds is described, in which an amide precursor is treated with aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, and alkynes, leading to insertion into the Bi-NMe(2) bond.	Ketones	193-200	MIR155 host gene	Homo sapiens	113-117
18648382-2	2008	The rationale that the utilization of ketones by the brain results in elevation of intracellular succinate, a known inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase (the enzyme responsible for the degradation of HIF-1alpha) was deemed as a potential mechanism of ketosis on the upregulation of HIF-1alpha.	Ketones	38-45	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	195-205
19035377-1	2009	Highly diastereoselective Claisen rearrangements of acyclic allyl vinyl ethers bearing a chiral sulfoxide at C-5 provide gamma-delta-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones with up to two consecutive asymmetric centers in the molecule whilst preserving a useful vinyl sulfoxide.	Ketones	158-165	complement C5	Homo sapiens	109-112
19346242-5	2009	In the mah1 mutant stem wax, diols and ketols could not be detected, while the amounts of secondary alcohols and ketones were drastically reduced.	Ketones	113-120	cytochrome P450, family 96, subfamily A, polypeptide 15	Arabidopsis thaliana	7-11
19159745-2	2009	These findings are thought to be because of decreased expression of succinyl-coenzyme A:3-oxoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT), a key enzyme involved in ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	154-160	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-120
19159745-2	2009	These findings are thought to be because of decreased expression of succinyl-coenzyme A:3-oxoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT), a key enzyme involved in ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	154-160	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
19159745-12	2009	Dietary manipulation using ketone bodies in accordance with SCOT expression may be a novel therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.	Ketones	27-33	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
19129673-2	2008	However, under conditions of a reduced utilization of glucose, the brain is dependent upon monocarboxylates such as ketone bodies and lactate, being accompanied by an elevated expression of a monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1) in the blood-brain barrier.	Ketones	116-122	modifier of curly tail 1	Mus musculus	221-225
18648382-2	2008	The rationale that the utilization of ketones by the brain results in elevation of intracellular succinate, a known inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase (the enzyme responsible for the degradation of HIF-1alpha) was deemed as a potential mechanism of ketosis on the upregulation of HIF-1alpha.	Ketones	38-45	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	277-287
18648382-9	2008	In conclusion, the biochemical link between ketosis and the stabilization of HIF-1alpha is through the elevation of succinate, and both HIF-1alpha stabilization and Bcl-2 upregulation play a role in ketone-induced neuroprotection in the brain.	Ketones	199-205	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	136-146
18648382-9	2008	In conclusion, the biochemical link between ketosis and the stabilization of HIF-1alpha is through the elevation of succinate, and both HIF-1alpha stabilization and Bcl-2 upregulation play a role in ketone-induced neuroprotection in the brain.	Ketones	199-205	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
18080783-2	2008	HL is the key enzyme for the production of glucose-sparing ketone bodies for brain.	Ketones	59-65	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase	Homo sapiens	0-2
19881260-1	2009	MCT1(SLC16A1) is the first member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) and its family is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	207-213	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
19881260-1	2009	MCT1(SLC16A1) is the first member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) and its family is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	207-213	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	5-12
19881260-1	2009	MCT1(SLC16A1) is the first member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) and its family is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	207-213	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	41-68
19881260-1	2009	MCT1(SLC16A1) is the first member of the monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) and its family is involved in the transportation of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	207-213	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19042114-7	2008	LpL-mediated VLDL lipolysis of PUFA alcohols, diols and ketones was detected and the relative abundance of oxygenated linoleates was enhanced in the lipolysates, relative to their corresponding VLDL.	Ketones	56-63	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
18751721-7	2008	The cellular localization of transporters suggests the involvement of SMCT in the uptake of filtrated lactate and ketone bodies and that of MCTs in the transport of monocarboxylate metabolites between tubular cells and circulation, but the different distribution patterns do not support the notion of a functional linkage between SMCT and MCT1/MCT2.	Ketones	114-120	solute carrier family 5 (iodide transporter), member 8	Mus musculus	70-74
18950231-0	2008	Asymmetric solid-phase alkylation of ketones immobilized via SAMP hydrazone analogue linkers.	Ketones	37-44	X-prolyl aminopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
18795778-4	2008	Significantly, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the biradicals of 8 and 9 was found to reverse their partitioning between cyclization and elimination compared with the behavior of the biradicals of ketones 3; the ketones 8-anti and 9-anti underwent cyclization in benzene, predominantly leading to cyclobutanols with syn stereochemistry between the C2 and C3 substituents.	Ketones	204-211	synemin	Homo sapiens	323-326
18795778-4	2008	Significantly, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the biradicals of 8 and 9 was found to reverse their partitioning between cyclization and elimination compared with the behavior of the biradicals of ketones 3; the ketones 8-anti and 9-anti underwent cyclization in benzene, predominantly leading to cyclobutanols with syn stereochemistry between the C2 and C3 substituents.	Ketones	219-226	synemin	Homo sapiens	323-326
18795778-5	2008	In accordance with photoproduct profiles, an unprecedented approximately 2-fold difference in the lifetimes of the intermediate diastereomeric triplet biradicals of ketones 8 in nonpolar solvents (e.g., tau(syn) = 123 ns and tau(anti) = 235 ns in cyclohexane) was observed via nanosecond laser flash photolysis, while no such difference in lifetimes was found for the triplet biradicals of acetoxy ketones 9.	Ketones	165-172	synemin	Homo sapiens	207-210
18795778-7	2008	In particular, the diastereodifferentiation in the photochemical outcomes for the diastereomers of ketone 8 and in the lifetimes of their triplet biradicals can be understood on the basis of rapid deactivation of the 8-syn triplet biradical via fragmentation and slow cyclization of the 8-anti triplet biradical from chair- and twist-boat-like hydrogen-bonded conformations, respectively.	Ketones	99-105	synemin	Homo sapiens	219-222
18672894-4	2008	Here we report that recombinant rat Kvbeta2 catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	101-108	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A regulatory beta subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
18682322-0	2008	Structure-activity relationship studies on a series of piperazinebenzylalcohols and their ketone and amine analogs as melanocortin-4 receptor ligands.	Ketones	90-96	melanocortin 4 receptor	Homo sapiens	118-141
18598673-1	2008	The monocarboxylate transporter MCT2 belongs to a large family of membrane proteins involved in the transport of lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	135-141	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Homo sapiens	32-36
18522424-1	2008	We report PPh3AuCl/AgOTf-catalyzed hydrative carbocyclization of 1,5- and 1,7-allenynes to give cyclized ketones chemoselectively.	Ketones	105-112	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
18642814-2	2008	The oxidation of alkanes by various peroxides ((t)BuOOH, H2O2, PhCH2C(CH3)2OOH) is efficiently catalyzed by [Os(VI)(N)Cl4](-)/Lewis acid (FeCl3 or Sc(OTf)3) in CH2Cl2/CH3CO2H to give alcohols and ketones.	Ketones	196-203	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	147-155
18322014-2	2008	Total Txnip knockout (TKO) mice adapted inappropriately to prolonged fasting by shifting fuel dependence of skeletal muscle and heart from fat and ketone bodies to glucose.	Ketones	147-153	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	6-11
18648183-2	2008	The activation of acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA by SCOT is essential for the use of ketone bodies as an energy source.	Ketones	86-92	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
18499452-4	2008	Addition of a 3-OH to meperidine and the ketone analog of meperidine yielding bemidone and ketobemidone, respectively, significantly increased P-gp substrate affinity.	Ketones	41-47	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
18375207-1	2008	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha mediates an adaptive response to fasting by up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and ketone body synthesis.	Ketones	160-166	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-55
18375207-2	2008	Ketone bodies are transferred in and out of cells by monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1.	Ketones	0-6	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-88
18174163-9	2008	Finally, quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the nine antivirals" physicochemical descriptors with their OAT affinity indicates that antiviral preferences of mOat1 are explained by high polar surface areas (e.g. phosphate groups), whereas mOat3 prefers hydrogen bond acceptors (e.g. amines, ketones) and low rotatable bond numbers.	Ketones	312-319	solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6	Mus musculus	179-184
19155591-7	2008	These results suggest that ketone bodies, which are an alternative energy source and might spare blood glucose, increase by MCT feeding, and the reason for the PEM (protein-energy malnutrition)-improving effect of MCT is not caused by suppression of gluconeogenesis.	Ketones	27-33	Rhox homeobox family member 5	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
18668440-2	2008	The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT, SLC16) family comprises 14 members, of which to date only MCT1-4 have been shown to carry monocarboxylates, transporting important metabolic compounds such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies in a proton-coupled manner.	Ketones	219-225	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	4-31
18668440-2	2008	The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT, SLC16) family comprises 14 members, of which to date only MCT1-4 have been shown to carry monocarboxylates, transporting important metabolic compounds such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies in a proton-coupled manner.	Ketones	219-225	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
18668440-2	2008	The monocarboxylate transporter (MCT, SLC16) family comprises 14 members, of which to date only MCT1-4 have been shown to carry monocarboxylates, transporting important metabolic compounds such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies in a proton-coupled manner.	Ketones	219-225	solute carrier family 16 member 14	Homo sapiens	96-102
18688378-8	2008	The ketone diffuses away from the active center and ATR infrared probing zone, resulting in a decreasing ketone signal on the tens of seconds time-scale after initiation of the photoreaction.	Ketones	4-10	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	52-55
18688378-8	2008	The ketone diffuses away from the active center and ATR infrared probing zone, resulting in a decreasing ketone signal on the tens of seconds time-scale after initiation of the photoreaction.	Ketones	105-111	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	52-55
18514076-1	2008	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), an essential enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol from ketone bodies, was found to be highly expressed in mouse adipose tissue, and GC box and C/EBPs motif were crucial for AACS promoter activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Ketones	108-114	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	0-26
18514076-1	2008	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS), an essential enzyme for the synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol from ketone bodies, was found to be highly expressed in mouse adipose tissue, and GC box and C/EBPs motif were crucial for AACS promoter activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Ketones	108-114	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Mus musculus	28-32
18339309-4	2008	Furthermore, GPAT1(-/-) females on chow diet showed decreased liver TAG content, plasma cholesterol and TAG levels and increased ex vivo liver fatty acid oxidation and plasma ketone bodies.	Ketones	175-181	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	13-18
18646550-5	2008	CYP isoenzymes participate in metabolic pathways important for proper physiological functioning of the human organism, i.e.: cholesterol, bile acid and oxysterol biosynthesis; metabolism of fatty acids, prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, steroid hormones, ketone bodies, vitamines A and D. CYP isoenzymes participate in the metabolism of over 80% of drugs and other xenobiotic substances which can be present in the human organism.	Ketones	266-272	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
18646550-5	2008	CYP isoenzymes participate in metabolic pathways important for proper physiological functioning of the human organism, i.e.: cholesterol, bile acid and oxysterol biosynthesis; metabolism of fatty acids, prostaglandins, prostacyclins, leukotrienes, steroid hormones, ketone bodies, vitamines A and D. CYP isoenzymes participate in the metabolism of over 80% of drugs and other xenobiotic substances which can be present in the human organism.	Ketones	266-272	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	300-303
18447775-10	2008	All diabetic dogs with a serum ketone concentration &gt; 1,000 micromol/L had a serum insulin concentration &lt; 5 microU/mL.	Ketones	31-37	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	86-93
18447775-11	2008	There were strong relationships between serum ketone concentration and serum glucagon-insulin ratio, serum cortisol concentration, and plasma norepinephrine concentration.	Ketones	46-52	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	86-93
18247511-4	2008	However, during the CoII-catalyzed reaction, the concentration of cyclohexanone increases much faster than that of the hydroperoxide, causing the ketone to take over the role of dominant byproduct source.	Ketones	146-152	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	20-24
18438548-8	2008	As the perfusion gets improved and the levels of insulin increase, the lipolysis is blocked, as well as the generation of ketones and so the acidemia tends to be solved.	Ketones	122-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
18249175-5	2008	Akt1-mediated skeletal muscle growth opposed the effects of a high-fat/high-sucrose diet on transcript expression patterns in the liver and increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketone body production.	Ketones	183-189	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	0-4
18023188-2	2008	Trifluoromethyl ketone (TFK)-containing compounds with a sulfur atom beta to the ketone moiety are some of the most potent carboxylesterase and amidase inhibitors identified to date.	Ketones	16-22	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	123-139
17998203-6	2008	In addition, hepatic overexpression of a Txnip transgene in wild-type mice resulted in elevated serum glucose levels and decreased ketone levels.	Ketones	131-137	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	41-46
18446519-6	2008	The physiologic functions of SLC5A8 include absorption of short-chain fatty acids in the colon and small intestine, reabsorption of lactate and pyruvate in the kidney, and cellular uptake of lactate and ketone bodies in neurons.	Ketones	203-209	solute carrier family 5 member 8	Homo sapiens	29-35
18163619-3	2008	For the reactions of ketones with alpha-imino esters, (R)-3-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid was an efficient catalyst (anti/syn up to &gt;99:1, up to 99% ee).	Ketones	21-28	synemin	Homo sapiens	119-122
18054227-3	2008	The resulting ketones demonstrated excellent potency and selectivity for fXa but initially had poor oral bioavailability.	Ketones	14-21	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	73-76
18067310-1	2008	In a synthetic approach to the completely protected C1-C12 fragment of the macrocyclic cytotoxic agent tedanolide 1, we carried out the tin-catalyzed Mukaiyama aldol reaction between the 2,3-dialkoxypropanal 5 and the silyl enol ether 6 derived from the ketone 7, which gave, unexpectedly, the anti aldol isomer, rather than the expected syn isomer 4, as the major diastereomer formed.	Ketones	254-260	synemin	Homo sapiens	5-8
18211370-0	2008	Modeling bovine serum albumin binding of flavor compounds (alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones) as a function of molecular properties.	Ketones	92-99	albumin	Homo sapiens	16-29
18702138-0	2008	An exceptionally DMSO-tolerant alcohol dehydrogenase for the stereoselective reduction of ketones.	Ketones	90-97	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	31-52
17996684-5	2007	We have reported earlier that ketone bodies and some plant phenols feature acidic CH groups that appear to be good markers of their inhibitor potency toward MIF phenylpyruvate tautomerase.	Ketones	30-36	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
18052247-4	2007	The strong correlation obtained between experimental and calculated ee"s for a range of substrates and catalysts provides support for the most favorable calculated transition structures involving amine-bound HCN adding to thiourea-bound ketone.	Ketones	237-243	metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	Homo sapiens	208-211
17727829-2	2007	Of the five compounds examined, MS core with ketones at 8 and 14 positions (MS5) showed the highest potency to induce apoptosis, while another, MS3 with one ketone, was minimal potent.	Ketones	45-52	minisatellites detected by probe MMS5	Mus musculus	76-79
17727829-2	2007	Of the five compounds examined, MS core with ketones at 8 and 14 positions (MS5) showed the highest potency to induce apoptosis, while another, MS3 with one ketone, was minimal potent.	Ketones	45-51	minisatellites detected by probe MMS5	Mus musculus	76-79
17905869-0	2007	The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP96A15 is the midchain alkane hydroxylase responsible for formation of secondary alcohols and ketones in stem cuticular wax of Arabidopsis.	Ketones	123-130	cytochrome P450, family 96, subfamily A, polypeptide 15	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-35
17905869-8	2007	Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S-driven overexpression of MAH1 led to ectopic accumulation of secondary alcohols and ketones in Arabidopsis leaf wax, where only traces of these compounds are found in the wild type.	Ketones	113-120	cytochrome P450, family 96, subfamily A, polypeptide 15	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-58
17905869-10	2007	Taken together, mutant analyses and ectopic expression of MAH1 in leaves suggest that this enzyme can catalyze the hydroxylation reaction leading from alkanes to secondary alcohols and possibly also a second hydroxylation leading to the corresponding ketones.	Ketones	251-258	cytochrome P450, family 96, subfamily A, polypeptide 15	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
17658243-1	2007	15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin-J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a peroxisome-activated proliferator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which contains an alpha,beta-unsaturated electrophilic ketone involved in nucleophilic addition reactions to thiols.	Ketones	183-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	59-107
18093179-1	2008	MCT2 is the main neuronal monocarboxylate transporter essential for facilitating lactate and ketone body utilization as energy substrates.	Ketones	93-99	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Homo sapiens	0-4
17914888-1	2007	Two new organocatalysts 3a and 3b, derived from L-leucine and (S)-beta-amino alcohols that were prepared from L-valine, were designed and afforded the direct syn-aldol reactions of a wide scope of aldehydes with various ketones with an excellent diastereomeric ratio of up to &gt;20/1 and enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee.	Ketones	220-227	synemin	Homo sapiens	158-161
17658243-1	2007	15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin-J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a peroxisome-activated proliferator receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) agonist which contains an alpha,beta-unsaturated electrophilic ketone involved in nucleophilic addition reactions to thiols.	Ketones	183-189	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	109-118
17374420-7	2007	Liver insulin resistance increases peripheral insulin concentrations and enhances the conversion of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) to ketones and thus it might be a protein-saving factor.	Ketones	137-144	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
17611262-8	2007	In primary striatal neuron/astrocyte mixed cultures exposed to CNTF, the AMPK pathway was also activated, and the rate of oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies was significantly enhanced.	Ketones	151-157	ciliary neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
17685555-2	2007	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT), the mitochondrial enzyme involved in the breakdown of ketone bodies in the extrahepatic tissues, was identified in rat heart to undergo age-associated increase in a novel, nitro-hydroxy, addition to tryptophan 372, located in close proximity ( approximately 10 A) of the enzyme active site.	Ketones	109-115	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-46
17685555-2	2007	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT), the mitochondrial enzyme involved in the breakdown of ketone bodies in the extrahepatic tissues, was identified in rat heart to undergo age-associated increase in a novel, nitro-hydroxy, addition to tryptophan 372, located in close proximity ( approximately 10 A) of the enzyme active site.	Ketones	109-115	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
17685555-7	2007	We hypothesize that increases in tryptophan nitration of SCOT and catalytic activity constitute a plausible mechanism for the age-related metabolic shift toward enhanced ketone body consumption as an alternative source of energy supply in the heart.	Ketones	170-176	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
17699055-12	2007	Plasma VFA and ketone bodies increased with the lowest milk allowance in wk 4 to 5.	Ketones	15-21	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	55-59
17655357-3	2007	TD-DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) reveal that the first and second excited states of the triplet ketone (T1K (n,pi*) and T2K (pi,pi*)) in azide 1a are almost degenerate, at approximately 74 and 76 kcal/mol above the ground state (S0), respectively.	Ketones	101-107	protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22	Homo sapiens	23-26
17550778-4	2007	Importantly, adenoviral knockdown of hepatic FGF21 in KD-fed mice causes fatty liver, lipemia, and reduced serum ketones, due at least in part to altered expression of key genes governing lipid and ketone metabolism.	Ketones	113-120	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	45-50
17482458-1	2007	We report the synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and SAR of novel heterocyclic ketones derived from carbazole sulfonamides.	Ketones	83-90	sarcosine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	57-60
17482458-4	2007	The mechanism of action of the heterocyclic ketones appears to involve targeting of tubulin, similar to that of CA-4 and different from the carbazole sulfonamides.	Ketones	44-51	carbonic anhydrase 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
17550778-4	2007	Importantly, adenoviral knockdown of hepatic FGF21 in KD-fed mice causes fatty liver, lipemia, and reduced serum ketones, due at least in part to altered expression of key genes governing lipid and ketone metabolism.	Ketones	113-119	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	45-50
17518347-1	2007	Type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T) by selectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (delta4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	172-178	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	7-42
17238156-3	2007	This receptor responds to both nicotinic acid and the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate, the latter thought to be the more probable endogenous ligand for HM74A.	Ketones	54-60	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
17336533-4	2007	Moreover, its transformation into a ketone increased the androgen receptor (AR) binding but decreased the antiproliferative activity and induced a proliferative effect on Shionogi cells.	Ketones	36-42	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	57-74
17336533-4	2007	Moreover, its transformation into a ketone increased the androgen receptor (AR) binding but decreased the antiproliferative activity and induced a proliferative effect on Shionogi cells.	Ketones	36-42	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	76-78
17373846-1	2007	Molecular modeling demonstrates that the first excited state of the triplet ketone (T1K) in azide 1b has a (pi,pi*) configuration with an energy that is 66 kcal/mol above its ground state and its second excited state (T2K) is 10 kcal/mol higher in energy and has a (n,pi*) configuration.	Ketones	76-82	TANK binding kinase 1	Homo sapiens	218-221
17442338-4	2007	Indeed, in addition to the interactions found in all other AKRs (van der Waals contacts stabilizing the core of the steroid and the hydrogen bonds established at the catalytic site by the Y55 and H117 residues with the oxygen atom of the ketone group to be reduced), m17alpha-HSD establishes with the other extremity of the steroid nucleus an additional interaction involving K31.	Ketones	238-244	keratin 31	Mus musculus	376-379
17227964-0	2007	Ketone bodies alter dinitrophenol-induced glucose uptake through AMPK inhibition and oxidative stress generation in adult cardiomyocytes.	Ketones	0-6	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
17227964-13	2007	In conclusion, these results suggest that ketone bodies, through inhibition of the AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ROS overproduction, regulate DNP action and thus cardiac glucose uptake.	Ketones	42-48	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	83-87
17227964-13	2007	In conclusion, these results suggest that ketone bodies, through inhibition of the AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway and ROS overproduction, regulate DNP action and thus cardiac glucose uptake.	Ketones	42-48	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	88-91
17303681-2	2007	We investigated the relevance between the mobilization of fat-related energy substrates (nonesterified fatty acid and ketone bodies) during exercise and the effects of TGF-beta in the brain.	Ketones	118-124	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
17518347-1	2007	Type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the potent androgen testosterone (T) by selectively reducing the C17 ketone of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (delta4-dione), with NADPH as cofactor.	Ketones	172-178	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	44-54
17169596-1	2007	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, EC 2.8.3.5) is the key enzyme for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	81-87	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
17236799-1	2007	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that affects isoleucine catabolism and ketone body metabolism.	Ketones	127-133	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
17169596-1	2007	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT, EC 2.8.3.5) is the key enzyme for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	81-87	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
17365288-6	2007	The products obtained by the solar radiation of PAH after extraction to DCM were mainly ketone and hydroxyl derivatives.	Ketones	88-94	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	48-51
17287353-1	2007	The highly efficient glycolytic enzyme, triosephosphate isomerase, is expected to differentially stabilize the proposed stable reaction species: ketone, aldehyde, and enediol(ate).	Ketones	145-151	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	40-65
17253824-1	2007	Chemoselective SN2" condensation of primary enolates of alkyl methyl ketones 2a-e with dimethyl bromomethylfumarate (1) followed by highly diastereoselective NaBH4 reduction of the ketone function in the formed ketodiesters 3a-e and the regioselective in situ lactonization of the unisolable intermediates 4a-e exclusively furnished the cis-3,5-disubstituted gamma-butyrolactones (+/-)-5a-e in very good yields.	Ketones	69-75	solute carrier family 38 member 5	Homo sapiens	15-18
17253824-1	2007	Chemoselective SN2" condensation of primary enolates of alkyl methyl ketones 2a-e with dimethyl bromomethylfumarate (1) followed by highly diastereoselective NaBH4 reduction of the ketone function in the formed ketodiesters 3a-e and the regioselective in situ lactonization of the unisolable intermediates 4a-e exclusively furnished the cis-3,5-disubstituted gamma-butyrolactones (+/-)-5a-e in very good yields.	Ketones	69-75	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	337-342
16960657-0	2007	Chronic exposure to ketone bodies impairs glucose uptake in adult cardiomyocytes in response to insulin but not vanadate: the role of PI3-K.	Ketones	20-26	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
16960657-2	2007	We have already shown that chronic exposure to the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) decreases insulin-mediated activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes.	Ketones	51-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
16960657-10	2007	In conclusion, ketone bodies promote insulin resistance probably through decreased activation of the PI3-K/PKB signaling cascade.	Ketones	15-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
16960657-2	2007	We have already shown that chronic exposure to the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) decreases insulin-mediated activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes.	Ketones	51-57	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	131-147
16960657-10	2007	In conclusion, ketone bodies promote insulin resistance probably through decreased activation of the PI3-K/PKB signaling cascade.	Ketones	15-21	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	107-110
16960657-2	2007	We have already shown that chronic exposure to the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (OHB) decreases insulin-mediated activation of protein kinase B (PKB) and glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes.	Ketones	51-57	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	149-152
16960657-3	2007	To gain further insights into the mechanism underlying ketone body-induced insulin resistance, we examined whether OHB alters activation of the insulin-signaling cascade and whether the insulinomimetic agent vanadate could bypass insulin resistance and stimulate glucose uptake in these cells.	Ketones	55-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	75-82
17157021-0	2007	Acyclic, orally bioavailable ketone-based cathepsin K inhibitors.	Ketones	29-35	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	42-53
17157021-1	2007	Starting from a potent ketone-based inhibitor with poor drug properties, incorporation of P(2)-P(3) elements from a ketoamide-based inhibitor led to the identification of a hybrid series of ketone-based cathepsin K inhibitors with better oral bioavailability than the starting ketone.	Ketones	23-29	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	203-214
17157021-1	2007	Starting from a potent ketone-based inhibitor with poor drug properties, incorporation of P(2)-P(3) elements from a ketoamide-based inhibitor led to the identification of a hybrid series of ketone-based cathepsin K inhibitors with better oral bioavailability than the starting ketone.	Ketones	190-196	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	203-214
17157021-1	2007	Starting from a potent ketone-based inhibitor with poor drug properties, incorporation of P(2)-P(3) elements from a ketoamide-based inhibitor led to the identification of a hybrid series of ketone-based cathepsin K inhibitors with better oral bioavailability than the starting ketone.	Ketones	190-196	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	203-214
16708414-6	2006	The configuration at C15 of iloprost (2) and 3-oxa-iloprost (3) was established through a highly diastereoselective reduction of ketone 6 with catecholborane and the chiral oxazaborolidine 28 which furnished alcohol (15S)-29.	Ketones	129-135	placenta associated 8	Homo sapiens	21-24
17021052-4	2007	The levels of ketone bodies, such as acetoacetic acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, the products of the lipid metabolism, were increased in V1aR-/- mice under a fasting condition.	Ketones	14-20	arginine vasopressin receptor 1A	Mus musculus	137-141
17109558-2	2006	The clicked organocatalysts were evaluated in asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins, showing good catalytic activity and stereoselectivity (up to 100% yield, syn:anti = 99:1, 96% ee).	Ketones	77-84	synemin	Homo sapiens	175-178
16820274-6	2006	The circulation level of the ketone bodies, inducers of CYP2E1, was also decreased by AA supplementation compared with those of the diabetic rats.	Ketones	29-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
16820274-7	2006	Therefore, the suppression of ketone production by AA can be one of the mechanisms of a reduction in CYP2E1.	Ketones	30-36	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
16857669-2	2006	Aor was further characterized as an Nrf2-regulated antioxidative enzyme that reduces carbon-carbon double bonds in a variety of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	166-173	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
16939272-0	2006	Origin of syn/anti diastereoselectivity in aldehyde and ketone crotylation reactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study.	Ketones	56-62	synemin	Homo sapiens	10-13
16940161-1	2006	HMGCS2, the gene that regulates ketone body production, is expressed in liver and several extrahepatic tissues, such as the colon.	Ketones	32-38	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
16866507-5	2006	(S)-Proline or (S)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid has been reported to catalyze the Mannich-type reactions of ketones to afford the syn-products.	Ketones	108-115	synemin	Homo sapiens	130-133
16478779-7	2006	However, plasma resistin in cirrhosis was negatively associated with hepatic glucose production (r = -0.47, P &lt; 0.01) and positively with circulating free fatty acids (FFA; r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01) and ketone bodies (r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001) as well as hepatic ketone body production (r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01).	Ketones	203-209	resistin	Homo sapiens	16-24
16478779-7	2006	However, plasma resistin in cirrhosis was negatively associated with hepatic glucose production (r = -0.47, P &lt; 0.01) and positively with circulating free fatty acids (FFA; r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01) and ketone bodies (r = 0.48, P &lt; 0.001) as well as hepatic ketone body production (r = 0.40, P &lt; 0.01).	Ketones	261-267	resistin	Homo sapiens	16-24
17313687-10	2007	Moreover, gene expression for the mitochondrial enzymes, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and succinyl-CoA: 3-ketoacid CoA transferase, was lower in the tumors than in the contralateral normal brain suggesting that these brain tumors have reduced ability to metabolize ketone bodies for energy.	Ketones	271-277	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	96-136
16822963-6	2006	We found that the plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and ketone bodies in the group administered anti-TGF-beta antibody were lower than in the control group at the end of running.	Ketones	73-79	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-126
16933349-2	2006	Differences in the major reaction pathways, for example, cyclization (syn) and fragmentation (anti), adopted by the diastereomeric 1,4-radicals of ketones 2 have permitted unprecedented diastereomeric discrimination in their lifetimes to be observed by nanosecond laser flash photolysis.	Ketones	147-154	synemin	Homo sapiens	70-73
16980563-5	2006	Arabidopsis cer4 mutants exhibit major decreases in stem primary alcohols and wax esters, and slightly elevated levels of aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones.	Ketones	166-173	Jojoba acyl CoA reductase-related male sterility protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-16
16958539-0	2006	Oxidations of secondary alcohols to ketones using easily recyclable bis(trifluoroacetate) adducts of fluorous alkyl iodides, CF3(CF2)(n-1)I(OCOCF3)2.	Ketones	36-43	ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
16810708-2	2006	The identified metabolites indicated that TMA-2 was metabolized by oxidative deamination to the corresponding ketone followed by reduction to the corresponding alcohol, O-demethylation followed by oxidative deamination, and finally O,O-bis-demethylation.	Ketones	110-116	tropomyosin 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
16563794-3	2006	A method for relating the molar absorption coefficient of a carotenothione (Car-S) to that of its ketone analogue (Car-O) has been developed, which has revealed that the peak molar absorption coefficient of a Car-S is only about 60% of the corresponding value for Car-O.	Ketones	98-104	cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
16563794-3	2006	A method for relating the molar absorption coefficient of a carotenothione (Car-S) to that of its ketone analogue (Car-O) has been developed, which has revealed that the peak molar absorption coefficient of a Car-S is only about 60% of the corresponding value for Car-O.	Ketones	98-104	cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	209-214
16805814-0	2006	Identity of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) as a neuron-specific Na+-coupled transporter for active uptake of L-lactate and ketone bodies in the brain.	Ketones	107-113	solute carrier family 5 member 8	Homo sapiens	12-17
16805814-0	2006	Identity of SMCT1 (SLC5A8) as a neuron-specific Na+-coupled transporter for active uptake of L-lactate and ketone bodies in the brain.	Ketones	107-113	solute carrier family 5 member 8	Homo sapiens	19-25
16805814-13	2006	These findings suggest that SMCT1 may play a critical role in the entry of l-lactate and ketone bodies into neurons by a process driven by an electrochemical Na(+) gradient and hence, contribute to the maintenance of the energy status and function of neurons.	Ketones	89-95	solute carrier family 5 member 8	Homo sapiens	28-33
16841289-0	2006	Model based study on monitoring ketone bodies to improve safety in intensive insulin therapy.	Ketones	32-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
16639747-1	2006	Aldose reductase (AR) is a monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and aldo-sugars.	Ketones	111-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	0-16
16639747-1	2006	Aldose reductase (AR) is a monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reduction of aldehydes, ketones, and aldo-sugars.	Ketones	111-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	18-20
16533807-3	2006	We found that AP-2alpha induced apoptosis efficiently in cells treated with benzyloxycar-bonyl-IETD-fluoromethyl ketone or FADD-silenced cells but failed to do so in benzyloxycarbonyl-LEHD-fluoromethyl ketone-treated or apoptosis protease activation factor-1 (Apaf1)-silenced cells, suggesting the central role of mitochondria in AP-2alpha-induced apoptosis.	Ketones	113-119	transcription factor AP-2 alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23
16376549-2	2006	In this study, ketone, amide, and alkane analogs of T12 have been synthesized and evaluated for their permeation-enhancing activity using porcine skin and theophylline as a model drug.	Ketones	15-21	CD6 molecule	Homo sapiens	52-55
16506866-6	2006	For the ketones in the presence of 3-30 mM ascorbic acid or triethylamine Phi(-O(2)) = 0.3-0.9.	Ketones	8-15	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	74-77
16506866-7	2006	The specific properties of ketones, including 4-methoxyacetophenone and 2-acetonaphthone, the radicals involved and the pH and concentration dependences of Phi(-O(2)) are discussed.	Ketones	27-34	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	156-159
16555342-0	2006	A catalytic, Me2Zn-mediated, enantioselective reformatsky reaction with ketones.	Ketones	72-79	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
16626117-1	2006	Highly substituted 1H-isochromenes, isobenzofurans, and pyranopyridines can be prepared by allowing o-(1-alkynyl)arenecarboxaldehydes and ketones to react with I2, ICl, NIS, Br2, NBS, p-O2NC6H4SCl, or PhSeBr and various alcohols or carbon-based nucleophiles at room temperature.	Ketones	138-145	nibrin	Homo sapiens	179-182
16380372-8	2006	The properties determined for DHRS6 suggest a possible physiological role in cytosolic ketone body utilization, either as a secondary system for energy supply in starvation or to generate precursors for lipid and sterol synthesis.	Ketones	87-93	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	30-35
16436102-3	2006	Low-carbohydrate intakes result in a reduction of the circulating insulin level, which promotes high level of circulating fatty acids, used for oxidation and production of ketone bodies.	Ketones	172-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
16439135-3	2006	We replaced the epoxyketone moiety of chlamydocin with several ketones and aldehyde to synthesize potent reversible and selective HDAC inhibitors.	Ketones	63-70	histone deacetylase 9	Homo sapiens	130-134
16602690-9	2006	SCOT is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of ketone bodies, an important alternative fuel source during hibernation.	Ketones	54-60	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16485039-7	2006	Plasma ketones were significantly elevated compared with controls in the fed state but not in the fasting state, indicating that lowering Acc1 and -2 expression increases hepatic fat oxidation specifically in the fed state.	Ketones	7-14	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Rattus norvegicus	138-149
16943667-5	2006	The increased MCT2 expression was temporally correlated with an age-related increase in cerebral uptake of ketones, when ketones were made available after injury.	Ketones	107-114	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
16254043-6	2006	Compared with wild-type mice, TBP-2-/- mice showed increased levels of plasma ketone bodies, pyruvate and lactate, indicating that Krebs cycle-mediated fatty acid utilization is impaired.	Ketones	78-84	thioredoxin interacting protein	Mus musculus	30-35
15869328-9	2006	By contrast, ketone homodimers and cross-coupling products arising from reaction through the thienyl 5-position were obtained when using BT and SUP methyl ester; this is very interesting, because stable LAT-derived products are difficult to isolate.	Ketones	13-19	linker for activation of T cells	Homo sapiens	203-206
16633758-3	2006	Conversely, 99mTc-DTPA-galactosyl-human-serum-albumin (GSA) liver scintigraphy showed a reduced accumulation of GSA in the left lateral lobe, the hepatic uptake ratio of the GSA scintigraphy was 0.96, and the arterial ketone body ratio was 1.67.	Ketones	218-224	GNAS complex locus	Homo sapiens	55-58
16351123-5	2005	The configuration at C16 of omega-side chain building block 9 has been installed with high stereoselectivity by the oxazolidinone method and that at C15 by a diastereoselective oxazaborolidine-catalyzed reduction of the C13-C20 ketone 23 with catecholborane.	Ketones	228-234	homeobox C13	Homo sapiens	220-223
16943667-5	2006	The increased MCT2 expression was temporally correlated with an age-related increase in cerebral uptake of ketones, when ketones were made available after injury.	Ketones	121-128	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
16271724-5	2005	While a major role for PPARalpha in the liver is to produce ketone bodies as fuel through beta-oxidation for peripheral tissues during fast, its participation in the control of CPT1A, the rate-limiting step of the pathway, remains controversial.	Ketones	60-66	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	23-32
16316259-3	2005	Catalytic enantioselective cyanosilylation of ketone 13 produced the chiral tetrasubstituted carbon at C-8.	Ketones	46-52	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	103-106
16129672-7	2005	We have shown that changes induced to the positions of Trp-741, Thr-877, and Met-895 allow for ligand accommodation within the AR binding pocket and that a water-mediated hydrogen bond to the backbone oxygen of Leu-873 and the ketone of hydroxyflutamide is present when bound to the T877A AR variant.	Ketones	227-233	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	127-129
16129672-7	2005	We have shown that changes induced to the positions of Trp-741, Thr-877, and Met-895 allow for ligand accommodation within the AR binding pocket and that a water-mediated hydrogen bond to the backbone oxygen of Leu-873 and the ketone of hydroxyflutamide is present when bound to the T877A AR variant.	Ketones	227-233	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	289-291
16235909-0	2005	Studies on the synthesis of the inostamycin natural products: a reductive aldol/reductive Claisen approach to the C10-C24 ketone fragment.	Ketones	122-128	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	114-117
16235909-1	2005	[reaction: see text] An approach to the C10-C24 ketone fragment of the inostamycin family of polyether antibiotics is described.	Ketones	48-54	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	40-43
16231892-1	2005	The complex of AgF and (R)-DIFLUORPHOS has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the asymmetric Sakurai-Hosomi allylation of simple ketones.	Ketones	137-144	angiopoietin like 6	Homo sapiens	15-18
16218632-1	2005	The diastereomers of ketones 2 and 3 are shown to exhibit distinct photochemical reactivities due to conformational preferences; while the anti isomers of 2 and 3 undergo efficient Yang cyclization in 75-90% yields with a remarkable diastereoselectivity (&gt; 90%), the syn isomers predominantly undergo Norrish Type II elimination.	Ketones	21-28	synemin	Homo sapiens	270-273
16229744-12	2005	Therefore, dietary strategies aimed at reducing Abeta levels should take into account interactions of dietary components and the metabolic outcomes, in particular, levels of carbohydrates, total calories, and presence of ketone bodies should be considered.	Ketones	221-227	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	48-53
16218632-5	2005	Additionally, it emerges from the present study that the syn and anti diastereomers of ketones 2 and 3 represent two extremes of a broad range of widely examined butyrophenones, which lead to varying degrees of Yang photocyclization depending on the alkyl substitution pattern.	Ketones	87-94	synemin	Homo sapiens	57-60
16055091-1	2005	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS, acetoacetate-CoA ligase, EC 6.2.1.16) is a novel cytosolic ketone body (acetoacetate)-specific ligase, the physiological role of which remains to be elucidated.	Ketones	93-99	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
16055091-1	2005	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS, acetoacetate-CoA ligase, EC 6.2.1.16) is a novel cytosolic ketone body (acetoacetate)-specific ligase, the physiological role of which remains to be elucidated.	Ketones	93-99	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
16055091-6	2005	These results suggest that AACS in adipose tissue plays an important role in utilizing ketone body for the fatty acid-synthesis during adipose tissue development.	Ketones	87-93	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
15992942-1	2005	In lipogenic tissue cytosol, ketone bodies are known to be activated by acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) and incorporated into cholesterol and fatty acids.	Ketones	29-35	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
15980059-1	2005	The ketone body acetoacetate (AA) in the absence of insulin or in the presence of diabetic insulin levels decreases CYP2E1 mRNA expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.	Ketones	4-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-122
16186920-1	2005	Treatment of 1,1-dichloroalk-1-enes with Cp2Ti[P(OEt)3]2 produced organotitanium species, which afford allenes on treatment with aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	143-150	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	41-44
15893774-0	2005	Ketone bodies affect the enzymatic activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor.	Ketones	0-6	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	47-85
15893774-8	2005	In this paper we report that ketone bodies inhibit preferentially the ketonase activity of MIF in vitro.	Ketones	29-35	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	91-94
16195594-4	2005	and that the presence of a ketone group at C-3 of the opposite terminus dramatically diminished the activity (halenaquinone, etc.).	Ketones	27-33	complement C3	Homo sapiens	43-46
16195594-5	2005	In contrast, a ketone group at C-3 enhanced the antifungal activity against the plant pathogen, Phytophthora capsici, regardless of the presence of a quinone moiety.	Ketones	15-21	complement C3	Homo sapiens	31-34
15941315-7	2005	Other volatiles detected, particularly the ketones and alcohols, may contribute to the antifungal activity observed in both LOX normal and LOX deficient soybean lines.	Ketones	43-50	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	124-127
15929991-12	2005	Here we show that the fatty acid-derived ketone body (D)-beta-hydroxybutyrate ((D)-beta-OHB) specifically activates PUMA-G/HM74a at concentrations observed in serum during fasting.	Ketones	41-47	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	123-128
16833760-1	2005	HO2*-initiated oxidation of ketones/aldehydes near the tropopause.	Ketones	28-35	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
15786498-6	2005	The results indicate that the reducing power of LnX2 has a large impact on not only the pinacol coupling/reduction product ratio of ketones but also on other substrates in which there are competing coupling and reduction reactions.	Ketones	132-139	ligand of numb-protein X 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
16833760-5	2005	On the basis of the G2M//B3LYP-DFT PES, the kinetics of the approximately equal to 15 kcal/mol endothermal alpha-hydroxy-alkylperoxyl decompositions and of the reverse HO2*+ ketone/aldehyde reactions were evaluated using multiconformer transition state theory.	Ketones	174-180	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	168-171
16833760-7	2005	Contrary to current views, HO2* is found to react as fast with ketones as with aldehydes.	Ketones	63-70	heme oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
15581900-1	2005	Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (DADH) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones and that is also able to further oxidize aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids.	Ketones	122-129	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-32
15855317-8	2005	The relative scarcity of glucose due to AMPKalpha2-CA expression led to an increase in hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketone bodies production as an alternative source of energy for peripheral tissues.	Ketones	120-126	protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit	Mus musculus	40-53
16018669-5	2005	Inhibition of ACE by three of the silanediol diastereomers (IC(50) = 3.8-207 nM) closely paralleled that of the corresponding diastereomeric ketones (IC(50) = 1.0-46 nM).	Ketones	141-148	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	14-17
15739181-8	2005	It was hypothesized that PUFA from TG adipose lipolysis ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid) from liver may have been released in higher amounts as glycogen stores became depleted after 90 min of exercise.	Ketones	56-62	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	25-29
15792487-11	2005	The mechanism of hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by isomers of 2a,b is thought to be similar and to proceed via a trans-dihydride complex, t,c-2a or t,c-2b, and an amido complex, neither of which are directly observed for the ampy complexes.	Ketones	34-41	secretoglobin family 2B member 3, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	154-158
15549291-2	2005	Alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis catalyzes a highly regioselective and enantioselective reduction of several ketones or keto acid derivatives to chiral alcohols or hydroxy acid esters.	Ketones	124-131	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Escherichia coli	0-21
15581900-1	2005	Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (DADH) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones and that is also able to further oxidize aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids.	Ketones	122-129	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	34-38
15604828-3	2004	Using this whole-cell biocatalyst, efficient conversion of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols was achieved: 66% acetophenone was reduced to (R)-phenylethanol over 12 h, whereas only 19% (R)-phenylethanol was formed under the same conditions with cells containing ADH and FDH genes but without PNT genes.	Ketones	69-76	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	273-276
15581571-9	2005	Naturally occurring multi-ketone molecules act as allelopathic agents by inhibiting HPPD and preventing the production of homogentisate and hence required redox cofactors.	Ketones	26-32	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	84-88
15575661-1	2004	[reaction: see text] The reaction of the imine of aromatic ketones with functionalized alkenes was performed under a catalytic amount of (PPh3)3RhCl, and corresponding ortho-alkylated ketones were obtained after hydrolysis.	Ketones	59-66	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
15671924-0	2004	What are capillary blood ketone levels in type 1 diabetic patients using CSII in normal conditions of insulin delivery?	Ketones	25-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
15563139-2	2004	Spirodiepoxides derived from allenes by oxidation are shown to give syn disubstituted ketones and their derivatives, including ortho ester, oxazoline, azido epoxide, as well as sulfonamide-, amide-, and azide-containing hydroxy ketones.	Ketones	86-93	synemin	Homo sapiens	68-71
15595657-1	2004	Atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (APPI-MS) is used for the analysis of aldehydes and ketones after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and liquid chromatographic separation.	Ketones	107-114	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	56-60
15476708-2	2004	Whereas C-2- and 4-ulopyranosyl compounds (C-2- and C-4-ulosides) can be converted to cyclopentenones under base conditions through beta-elimination and ring contraction, base-initiated beta-elimination of C-glycosyl 2"-aldehydes and 2"-ketones results in the formation of acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones.	Ketones	237-244	complement C2	Homo sapiens	8-18
15476708-2	2004	Whereas C-2- and 4-ulopyranosyl compounds (C-2- and C-4-ulosides) can be converted to cyclopentenones under base conditions through beta-elimination and ring contraction, base-initiated beta-elimination of C-glycosyl 2"-aldehydes and 2"-ketones results in the formation of acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones.	Ketones	237-244	complement C2	Homo sapiens	8-11
15476708-2	2004	Whereas C-2- and 4-ulopyranosyl compounds (C-2- and C-4-ulosides) can be converted to cyclopentenones under base conditions through beta-elimination and ring contraction, base-initiated beta-elimination of C-glycosyl 2"-aldehydes and 2"-ketones results in the formation of acyclic alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones.	Ketones	237-244	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	52-55
15554233-12	2004	CYP2E1 has also a physiologic role which comprises gluconeogenesis from ketones, oxidation of fatty acids, and detoxification of xenobiotics other than ethanol.	Ketones	72-79	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl	Mus musculus	93-110
15615477-2	2004	Hyperinsulinism, rather a syndrome than a disease, of which the main metabolic feature is hypoglicemia and decreased concentration of free fatty acids and ketones in serum (insulin inhibits lypolisis and synthesizes ketonic bodies), presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic chalenge.	Ketones	155-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	5-12
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl	Mus musculus	112-117
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A lyase	Mus musculus	123-136
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A lyase	Mus musculus	138-143
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	258-280
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	acyl-CoA synthetase short-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	282-286
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	289-308
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	310-314
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	squalene epoxidase	Mus musculus	321-339
15556298-6	2004	The expression of genes involved in fatty acid catabolism and ketone body synthesis, such as acyl-CoA oxidase1 (Acox1) and HMG-CoA lyase (Hmgcl), was significantly increased, and expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase2 (Acs2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and squalene epoxidase (Sqle), was drastically decreased in the HFD group.	Ketones	62-68	squalene epoxidase	Mus musculus	341-345
15340146-6	2004	The proteins were identified by using a chemoenzymatic approach that exploits an engineered galactosyltransferase enzyme to selectively label O-GlcNAc proteins with a ketone-biotin tag.	Ketones	167-173	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	142-150
15330624-2	2004	The reaction of the thioacetals with ketones proceeded with the same regioselectivity to produce 1-(trialkylsilyl)alk-3-en-1-ynes predominantly.	Ketones	37-44	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A	Homo sapiens	114-119
15379714-4	2004	Synthetic thrombin inhibitors have a long history; initial compounds were derived from electrophilic ketone- and aldehyde-analogs of arginine.	Ketones	101-107	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	10-18
15250709-4	2004	Furthermore it is shown that conversion of the hydroxylated enynes into the corresponding acetates followed by reaction with a cationic gold catalyst formed from (PPh3)AuCl and AgSbF6 opens entry into isomeric products bearing the ketone function at the C-2 position of the bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane skeleton.	Ketones	231-237	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
15219932-9	2004	In contrast, glycogen deposition was stimulated by insulin and attenuated by glucagon; high insulin was also associated with a reduction in the ketone body ratio (acetoacetate:beta-hydroxybutyrate).	Ketones	144-150	insulin	Sus scrofa	92-99
15128923-1	2004	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism that affects the catabolism of isoleucine and ketone bodies.	Ketones	134-140	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
15200326-2	2004	The enolate can be protonated to yield the corresponding ketone or treated with benzaldehyde to give the aldol product with good syn or anti diastereoselectivity depending on the conditions.	Ketones	57-63	synemin	Homo sapiens	129-132
15227600-6	2004	Aldehydes, ketones, peroxides, epoxides and various other polymeres may be generated in fats, more particularly in butter, and in foodstuffs containing small or large proportion of fats, while various forms of biogenic amines may be found in foodstuffs containing proteins.	Ketones	11-18	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	88-92
15227600-6	2004	Aldehydes, ketones, peroxides, epoxides and various other polymeres may be generated in fats, more particularly in butter, and in foodstuffs containing small or large proportion of fats, while various forms of biogenic amines may be found in foodstuffs containing proteins.	Ketones	11-18	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	181-185
15139973-4	2004	In the present study, we investigated the effects of ketone bodies, the substrate of SCOT-t, on the motility and acrosome reaction of mouse sperm.	Ketones	53-59	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	85-89
15170253-1	2004	Alcohol dehydrogenase is considered a very important enzyme in insect metabolism because it is involved (in its homodimeric form) in the catalysis of the reversible conversion of various alcohols in larval feeding sites to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones, thus contributing to detoxification and metabolic purposes.	Ketones	257-264	alcohol dehydrogenase	Bactrocera oleae	0-21
14765263-1	2004	Cyclic ketones reacted with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) catalysed by NH(4)OAc in Et(2)O at 25 degrees C to give the corresponding alpha-brominated ketones in good yields, while acyclic ketones were efficiently brominated in CCl(4) at 80 degrees C.	Ketones	7-14	nibrin	Homo sapiens	48-51
15012141-5	2004	Rate studies are consistent with a monomer-based transition structure [(TMS(2)NLi)(ketone)(pyrrolidine)(3)]().	Ketones	83-89	LIM domain binding 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
15104240-0	2004	Role of CYP2E1 in ketone-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic B-cells.	Ketones	18-24	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-14
15104240-0	2004	Role of CYP2E1 in ketone-stimulated insulin release in pancreatic B-cells.	Ketones	18-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
15104240-1	2004	The role of CYP2E1 in ketone-stimulated insulin release was investigated using isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans and two mammalian insulin secreting pancreatic beta-cell lines engineered to stably express human CYP2E1 (designated BRIN BD11h2E1 and INS-1h2E1).	Ketones	22-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	12-18
15104240-1	2004	The role of CYP2E1 in ketone-stimulated insulin release was investigated using isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans and two mammalian insulin secreting pancreatic beta-cell lines engineered to stably express human CYP2E1 (designated BRIN BD11h2E1 and INS-1h2E1).	Ketones	22-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
15104240-9	2004	However, insulin output was significantly higher in pretreated islets (1.3-fold, P &lt; 0.05) and CYP2E1 expressing cell lines (BRIN BD11h2E1 2.3-fold, P &lt; 0.001; INS1-1h2E1 1.6-fold, P &lt; 0.001) when stimulated with the ketone 3-hydroxybutyrate than control islets and parental cell lines respectively.	Ketones	226-232	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
14769489-3	2004	The large categories of disease for which ketones may have therapeutic effects are:(1)diseases of substrate insufficiency or insulin resistance,(2)diseases resulting from free radical damage,(3)disease resulting from hypoxia.	Ketones	42-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	125-132
14765263-1	2004	Cyclic ketones reacted with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) catalysed by NH(4)OAc in Et(2)O at 25 degrees C to give the corresponding alpha-brominated ketones in good yields, while acyclic ketones were efficiently brominated in CCl(4) at 80 degrees C.	Ketones	144-151	nibrin	Homo sapiens	48-51
14505654-2	2003	CB1 and CB2 binding assays indicate that the dimethyl and ketone analogues (3) and (6) display selectivity for the CB2 receptor in comparison to delta(8)-THC and compound 2.	Ketones	58-64	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
14961684-1	2004	Tri- and tetrasubstituted anilines are formed in good to excellent yields by the addition of ketones to vinamidinium salts (up to 98%).	Ketones	93-100	tRNA-Ile (anticodon AAT) 9-1	Homo sapiens	0-3
12739169-1	2004	The monocarboxylate cotransporter (MCT) family now comprises 14 members, of which only the first four (MCT1-MCT4) have been demonstrated experimentally to catalyse the proton-linked transport of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	266-272	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	103-107
12739169-1	2004	The monocarboxylate cotransporter (MCT) family now comprises 14 members, of which only the first four (MCT1-MCT4) have been demonstrated experimentally to catalyse the proton-linked transport of metabolically important monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies.	Ketones	266-272	solute carrier family 16 member 3	Homo sapiens	108-112
14964022-1	2004	Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia in infancy (PHHI) presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the treating physician: increased glucose requirements, detectable insulin levels at the point of hypoglycaemia, inappropriately low blood levels of free fatty acids and ketone bodies are characteristic of this condition.	Ketones	282-288	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
14709065-0	2004	An efficient direct alpha-alkylation of ketones with primary alcohols catalyzed by [Ir(cod)Cl]2/PPh3/KOH system without solvent.	Ketones	40-47	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
14570878-7	2004	In the case of products formed by oxidation of flavonoid substrates with a C-3 hydroxyl group (e.g. (2R,3R)-trans-dihydroquercetin), the results imply that oxygen exchange can occur at a stage subsequent to initial oxidation of the C-ring, probably via an enzyme-bound C-3 ketone/3,3-gem-diol intermediate.	Ketones	273-279	complement C3	Homo sapiens	75-78
15495958-3	2004	Alkanes and ketones make up a significant fraction of particle-phase organic compounds, ranging from C11 to C26, and C9 to C19, respectively.	Ketones	12-19	RNA polymerase III subunit K	Homo sapiens	101-104
14692737-2	2003	The approach exploits the ability of an engineered mutant of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase to selectively transfer an unnatural ketone functionality onto O-GlcNAc glycosylated proteins.	Ketones	129-135	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	155-163
14627414-1	2003	[reaction: see text] Highly stereoselective approaches directed toward the synthesis of the C18-C27 fragment of superstolide A are disclosed taking ketone 6 and aldehyde 7 as the only sources of chirality.	Ketones	148-154	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	92-95
14618585-0	2003	Multicenter strategy for the development of catalytic enantioselective nucleophilic alkylation of ketones: Me2Zn addition to alpha-ketoesters.	Ketones	98-105	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	107-110
14583032-0	2003	Catalytic mechanism of S-ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS): direct observation of ketone intermediates by 13C NMR spectroscopy.	Ketones	77-83	Lutheran suppressor, X-linked	Homo sapiens	48-52
14505654-2	2003	CB1 and CB2 binding assays indicate that the dimethyl and ketone analogues (3) and (6) display selectivity for the CB2 receptor in comparison to delta(8)-THC and compound 2.	Ketones	58-64	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	8-11
14505654-2	2003	CB1 and CB2 binding assays indicate that the dimethyl and ketone analogues (3) and (6) display selectivity for the CB2 receptor in comparison to delta(8)-THC and compound 2.	Ketones	58-64	cannabinoid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	115-118
14562314-1	2003	The established standard ketone hydrogenation (abbreviated HY herein) precatalyst [Ru(Cl)(2)((S)-tolbinap)[(S,S)-dpen]] ((S),(S,S)-1) has turned out also to be a precatalyst for ketone transfer hydrogenation (abbreviated TRHY herein) as tested on the substrate acetophenone (3) in iPrOH under standard conditions (45 degrees C, 45 bar H(2) or Ar at atmospheric pressure).	Ketones	25-31	trichohyalin	Homo sapiens	221-225
14562314-6	2003	The ketone TRHY precatalyst [Ru(Cl)(2)((S,S)-cyP(2)(NH)(2))] ((S,S)-2), established at s:c=200, has also turned out to be a ketone HY precatalyst at up to s:c=10(6), again as tested on 3 in iPrOH under standard conditions.	Ketones	4-10	trichohyalin	Homo sapiens	11-15
14562314-6	2003	The ketone TRHY precatalyst [Ru(Cl)(2)((S,S)-cyP(2)(NH)(2))] ((S,S)-2), established at s:c=200, has also turned out to be a ketone HY precatalyst at up to s:c=10(6), again as tested on 3 in iPrOH under standard conditions.	Ketones	124-130	trichohyalin	Homo sapiens	11-15
14562314-13	2003	The established achiral ketone TRHY precatalyst [Ru(Cl)(2)(ethP(2)(NH)(2))] (12) has turned out to be also a powerful precatalyst for the HY of 3 in iPrOH at s:c=10(6) and of some other substrates.	Ketones	24-30	trichohyalin	Homo sapiens	31-35
15326914-7	2003	Conformational analysis and modeling of the interaction of the charged fragment of the drugs with acetone, a system that mimics a ketone fragment of HERG/I(Kr) channel, supports preference of the conformation with the shielded charged center for potent HERG/I(Kr) blockers.	Ketones	130-136	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	149-153
15326914-7	2003	Conformational analysis and modeling of the interaction of the charged fragment of the drugs with acetone, a system that mimics a ketone fragment of HERG/I(Kr) channel, supports preference of the conformation with the shielded charged center for potent HERG/I(Kr) blockers.	Ketones	130-136	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	253-257
12798321-5	2003	Substitution at the 5-position of the pyridine ring and conversion of the aldehyde to ketones led to a series of potent inhibitors of caspase-3.	Ketones	86-93	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	134-143
12941300-14	2003	Independent of ketones, steady state cathepsin B reaction rate ex vivo was graded in proportion to the GSH concentration without GSSG, and inversely proportional to the GSSG/GSH redox ratio with inhibitory threshold at 0.5% oxidized.	Ketones	15-22	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	37-48
12736163-4	2003	Hepatic expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and genes involved in fatty acid activation, peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation, and production of ketone bodies was decreased.	Ketones	192-198	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	22-70
14620543-6	2003	The smallest value of the ketone body concentration ratio was stated at rabbits which were given only CCl4.	Ketones	26-32	C-C motif chemokine 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	102-106
12842104-0	2003	Identification of L-3-hydroxybutyrate as an original ketone body in rat serum by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence derivatization.	Ketones	53-59	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-14 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	18-21
12842104-1	2003	L-3-Hydroxybutyrate (L-3HB), the enantiomer of D-3-hydroxybutyrate (D-3HB), has traditionally been regarded the "unnatural" ketone body in mammals, although there is suspicion that it is a more-favorable energy fuel for mammalian tissues than D-3HB.	Ketones	124-130	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-14 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	0-3
12832326-7	2003	Cell culture studies found that exogenous addition of the ketone body AA, but not BHB, increases IL-6 secretion and ROS generation in U937 cells.	Ketones	58-64	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
12790595-0	2003	A novel alpha-arylation of ketones, aldehydes, and esters via a photoinduced SN1 reaction through 4-aminophenyl cations.	Ketones	27-34	solute carrier family 38 member 3	Homo sapiens	77-80
12604674-0	2003	Distinct effects of ketone bodies on down-regulation of cell surface insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation in adrenal chromaffin cells.	Ketones	20-26	insulin receptor	Bos taurus	69-85
12623130-1	2003	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS, acetoacetate-CoA ligase, EC 6.2.1.16) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, the physiological role of which remains unclear yet in mammals, particularly has never been studied in human.	Ketones	77-83	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	0-26
12623130-1	2003	Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS, acetoacetate-CoA ligase, EC 6.2.1.16) is a ketone body-utilizing enzyme, the physiological role of which remains unclear yet in mammals, particularly has never been studied in human.	Ketones	77-83	acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase	Homo sapiens	28-32
12939679-3	2003	Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy was diagnosed on the basis of high intravenous glucose requirement, high insulin to glucose ratio, negative urinary ketones and normal tandem mass spectrometry.	Ketones	168-175	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
12745084-5	2003	The natural triterpenes with a carboxyl group equally inhibited the activities of pol alpha, pol beta, and topo II, while the olide-type triterpenes with a ketone group suppressed the activities of pol beta and topo II, but not pol alpha.	Ketones	156-162	DNA polymerase beta	Homo sapiens	198-206
12762796-3	2003	This appears to be the first report of the natural occurrence of euphane/tirucallane-type triterpenes with a ketone at C-7.	Ketones	109-115	complement C7 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	119-122
12724542-4	2003	The total wax amount on wax2 leaves and stems was reduced by &gt;78% and showed proportional deficiencies in the aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones, with increased acids, primary alcohols, and esters.	Ketones	157-164	Fatty acid hydroxylase superfamily	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
12663586-0	2003	Accuracy of an electrochemical sensor for measuring capillary blood ketones by fingerstick samples during metabolic deterioration after continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion interruption in type 1 diabetic patients.	Ketones	68-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	160-167
12562869-6	2003	A conjugated ketone function at the 7-position of cholesterol as well as the omega-carboxyl function of the beta2-GPI ligands was necessary for beta2-GPI binding.	Ketones	13-19	apolipoprotein H	Homo sapiens	144-153
12604674-0	2003	Distinct effects of ketone bodies on down-regulation of cell surface insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylation in adrenal chromaffin cells.	Ketones	20-26	insulin receptor substrate 1	Bos taurus	90-118
12580585-4	2003	A variety of arylboronates containing electron-donating (OMe and NMe2) and -withdrawing (F and CF3) groups were found to react with aromatic ketones to give the corresponding aylation products.	Ketones	141-148	NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	65-69
12534938-1	2003	Succinyl CoA:3-oxo acid CoA transferase (SCOT/OXCT; EC 2.8.3.5) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in the metabolism of ketone bodies in various organs (but not in the liver).	Ketones	115-121	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 2A	Mus musculus	41-45
12534938-1	2003	Succinyl CoA:3-oxo acid CoA transferase (SCOT/OXCT; EC 2.8.3.5) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in the metabolism of ketone bodies in various organs (but not in the liver).	Ketones	115-121	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Mus musculus	46-50
12486717-1	2003	Aldose reductase, a monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase, catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols.	Ketones	121-128	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	0-16
12515472-0	2003	Stereo- and regioselectivity of Pd(0)/InI-mediated allylic additions to aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	86-93	PHD finger protein 5A	Homo sapiens	38-41
14518824-1	2003	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism affecting isoleucine and ketone bodies in the catabolic process.	Ketones	113-119	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
12177411-5	2002	Compared with the wild-type mice the SCD1-/- mice have increased levels of plasma ketone bodies but reduced levels of plasma insulin and leptin.	Ketones	82-88	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
12510273-1	2002	Highly stereoselective alkylative and arylative cyclization reactions of allenyl-aldehydes and -ketones with organozinc reagents occur efficiently in the presence of catalytic Ni(COD)2 to afford cis-fused homoallylic cyclopentanols.	Ketones	96-103	COD2	Homo sapiens	179-184
12418896-5	2002	The other diastereomers (syn form) 4 were obtained in the reaction of tributylcinnamyltin 1a with ketones 2 by the use of BF(3) x OEt(2) instead of SnCl(2).	Ketones	98-105	synemin	Homo sapiens	25-28
12372876-2	2002	The catalytic activity and enantioselectivity of the ligands 2 and 4 for asymmetric reaction are evaluated, and the optically active (eta(6)-arene)chromium complex 4 has been shown to be an effective ligand for rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones.	Ketones	259-266	endothelin receptor type A	Homo sapiens	134-137
12169447-6	2002	Both lipoprotein lipase activity in skeletal muscle and the concentration of serum ketone bodies increased, suggesting that the increase in fat oxidation caused by TGF-beta3 may have occurred in the liver and muscle.	Ketones	83-89	transforming growth factor, beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
12590398-2	2003	Methods have been developed for the pre-column derivatization of alcohols using TMPP-AcPFP and for aldehydes and ketones using TMPP-PrG.	Ketones	113-120	serglycin	Homo sapiens	132-135
12489947-1	2002	[reaction: see text] The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of benzyl 2-trialkylsilyl-2-diazoacetates with various acyclic and cyclic ketones affords novel dioxolanones via silicon-substituted carbonyl ylides in up to 98% yield.	Ketones	125-132	Rh blood group D antigen	Homo sapiens	25-31
12505311-8	2002	Several genes encoding rate-limiting enzymes and branch points in ketone body formation are regulated by PPAR alpha in these cells.	Ketones	66-72	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	105-115
12467424-2	2002	The homolytic bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the acidic C-H bonds of the ketones were estimated using the equation BDE(AH) = 1.37pK(AH) + 23.1E(ox)(A(-)) + 73.3.	Ketones	80-87	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	42-45
12467424-5	2002	For RCOCH(2)G ketones, both pK(AH) and BDE values for the adjacent C-H bonds are sensitive to the nature of the substituent G. However, the steric bulk of the aryl group tends to exert a leveling effect on BDEs.	Ketones	14-21	homeobox D13	Homo sapiens	39-42
12463743-1	2002	Ketoacidosis affects patients who are deficient in the enzyme activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), since SCOT catalyses the activation of acetoacetate in the metabolism of ketone bodies.	Ketones	195-201	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	74-113
12463743-1	2002	Ketoacidosis affects patients who are deficient in the enzyme activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), since SCOT catalyses the activation of acetoacetate in the metabolism of ketone bodies.	Ketones	195-201	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
12463743-1	2002	Ketoacidosis affects patients who are deficient in the enzyme activity of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), since SCOT catalyses the activation of acetoacetate in the metabolism of ketone bodies.	Ketones	195-201	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
12466139-7	2002	On normalization of their blood glucose and ketone body levels by exogenous insulin, their sVAP-1 concentration rapidly decreased to control levels.	Ketones	44-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
12381528-0	2002	Transport of ketone bodies and lactate in the sheep ruminal epithelium by monocarboxylate transporter 1.	Ketones	13-19	monocarboxylate transporter 1	Ovis aries	74-103
12270191-2	2002	These ketone inhibitors showed promising activity towards cruzain, the cysteine protease implicated in Chagas" disease.	Ketones	6-12	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	71-88
12170815-1	2002	We have developed an efficient method for the preparation of enol silyl ethers using novel agents, silazanes together with NaH or DBU catalyst, wherein TMS and TBDMS groups were smoothly and chemoselectively introduced into ketones and aldehydes under mild conditions.	Ketones	224-231	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	152-155
12086962-6	2002	Second, ketone body AA treatment increases TNF-alpha secretion, increases oxygen radicals production, and lowers cAMP levels in U937 cells.	Ketones	8-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
12139467-0	2002	Synthesis of ketone analogues of prolyl and pipecolyl ester FKBP12 ligands.	Ketones	13-19	FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A pseudogene 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
11867624-5	2002	Blockade of SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteolysis by the specific leukocyte elastase inhibitor, N-methoxysuccinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-valine-chloromethyl ketone, identified elastase as the major enzyme among leukocyte-secreted proteinases that accounts for inactivation of both SDF-1 and CXCR4.	Ketones	148-154	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12	Homo sapiens	12-17
12126428-0	2002	Stereoselective synthesis of both syn- and anti-N-tert-alkylamines using highly stereospecific crotylation of ketone-derived acylhydrazones with crotyltrichlorosilanes.	Ketones	110-116	synemin	Homo sapiens	16-19
12076165-2	2002	The rate is proportional to approximately [Et3ZnLi](-0.5)[ketone](1) when the initial concentration of Et3ZnLi is greater than that of the ketone but proportional to [Et3ZnLi](1)[ketone](-1) when the initial concentration of ketone is greater than that of Et3ZnLi.	Ketones	58-64	endothelin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
12076165-2	2002	The rate is proportional to approximately [Et3ZnLi](-0.5)[ketone](1) when the initial concentration of Et3ZnLi is greater than that of the ketone but proportional to [Et3ZnLi](1)[ketone](-1) when the initial concentration of ketone is greater than that of Et3ZnLi.	Ketones	139-145	endothelin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
12076165-2	2002	The rate is proportional to approximately [Et3ZnLi](-0.5)[ketone](1) when the initial concentration of Et3ZnLi is greater than that of the ketone but proportional to [Et3ZnLi](1)[ketone](-1) when the initial concentration of ketone is greater than that of Et3ZnLi.	Ketones	139-145	endothelin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
12076165-2	2002	The rate is proportional to approximately [Et3ZnLi](-0.5)[ketone](1) when the initial concentration of Et3ZnLi is greater than that of the ketone but proportional to [Et3ZnLi](1)[ketone](-1) when the initial concentration of ketone is greater than that of Et3ZnLi.	Ketones	139-145	endothelin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
12010034-3	2002	DHFR outfitted with ketone functionality can be chemoselectively ligated with hydrazide reagents under mild conditions.	Ketones	20-26	Dihydrofolate reductase	Escherichia coli	0-4
12000273-1	2002	[reaction: see text] Nanometer tin-mediated allylation of aldehydes or ketones in distilled or tap water gave rise to corresponding homoallyl alcohol in high yield without any other assistance such as heat or supersonic or acidic media.	Ketones	71-78	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	95-98
12126408-1	2002	By the promotion of samarium diiodide, thiophene-2-carboxylate reacted with 2 equiv of ketones at the C-4 and C-5 positions to give diols such as 2 and 9.	Ketones	87-94	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-105
12126408-1	2002	By the promotion of samarium diiodide, thiophene-2-carboxylate reacted with 2 equiv of ketones at the C-4 and C-5 positions to give diols such as 2 and 9.	Ketones	87-94	complement C5	Homo sapiens	110-113
12047151-0	2002	trans-RuH(eta1-BH4)(binap)(1,2-diamine): a catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation of simple ketones under base-free conditions.	Ketones	91-98	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	10-14
12044525-4	2002	RESULTS: Incubation of wild-type hepatocytes with a combination of cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (cytokines/LPS) inhibited insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increase, and decreased the ketone body ratio (KBR) at 8-12 h, concomitant with expression of iNOS protein and NO production.	Ketones	295-301	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	78-124
11867624-5	2002	Blockade of SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteolysis by the specific leukocyte elastase inhibitor, N-methoxysuccinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-valine-chloromethyl ketone, identified elastase as the major enzyme among leukocyte-secreted proteinases that accounts for inactivation of both SDF-1 and CXCR4.	Ketones	148-154	C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
11867624-5	2002	Blockade of SDF-1 and CXCR4 proteolysis by the specific leukocyte elastase inhibitor, N-methoxysuccinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-valine-chloromethyl ketone, identified elastase as the major enzyme among leukocyte-secreted proteinases that accounts for inactivation of both SDF-1 and CXCR4.	Ketones	148-154	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	56-74
12375632-3	2002	3-Alkylated 1,4-benzodiazepines with selectivity towards the CCK-B (CCK2) receptor have been optimized on the lipophilic side chain, the ketone moiety, and the stereochemistry at the 3-position.	Ketones	137-143	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	61-66
11960455-6	2002	The first aldol process consisted of the tin triflate-mediated reaction of the aldehyde derived from 72 with enantiopure ketone 73 to generate the syn C36-C37 relationship resident in 75.	Ketones	121-127	synemin	Homo sapiens	147-150
11950315-2	2002	The oxidation of N-alkylamides by O(2), catalyzed by N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) and Co(II) salt, leads under mild conditions to carbonyl derivatives (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, imides) whose distribution depends on the nature of the alkyl group and on the reaction conditions.	Ketones	162-169	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	85-91
11985831-6	2002	Thus we demonstrate, for the first time, up-regulation of expression of PPAR alpha-dependent genes including mHS in brain, with implications in the increased elimination of neuro-inflammatory lipids and concomitant increased production of neuro-protective ketone bodies.	Ketones	256-262	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	109-112
11866583-5	2002	In reactions involving ketone donors where diastereoisomeric products could be formed, two adjacent stereogenic centers were created simultaneously upon carbon-carbon bond formation with complete syn-stereocontrol.	Ketones	23-29	synemin	Homo sapiens	196-199
11944972-8	2002	In a second series of experiments (n = 7), dogfish insulin (10 nmol x kg(-1)) produced a significant (P &lt; 0.05) fall in blood glucose after 12 h that persisted for at least 48 h, but no change in ketone body concentrations.	Ketones	199-205	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
11960424-1	2002	CpRu(NCCH3)3+PF6- catalyzes the cycloisomerization of diyne-ols to alpha,beta,gamma,delta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones in good-to-excellent yields.	Ketones	116-123	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	13-16
11929249-0	2002	Unusual temperature dependence in the cis/trans-oxetane formation discloses competitive syn versus anti attack for the Paterno-Buchi reaction of triplet-excited ketones with cis- and trans-cylooctenes.	Ketones	161-168	synemin	Homo sapiens	88-91
11929249-11	2002	We propose that the cyclooctene may be competitively attacked by the triplet-excited ketone from the higher (syn) or the less (anti) substituted side; such syn and anti trajectories have hitherto not been considered.	Ketones	85-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	109-112
11929249-11	2002	We propose that the cyclooctene may be competitively attacked by the triplet-excited ketone from the higher (syn) or the less (anti) substituted side; such syn and anti trajectories have hitherto not been considered.	Ketones	85-91	synemin	Homo sapiens	156-159
11985831-6	2002	Thus we demonstrate, for the first time, up-regulation of expression of PPAR alpha-dependent genes including mHS in brain, with implications in the increased elimination of neuro-inflammatory lipids and concomitant increased production of neuro-protective ketone bodies.	Ketones	256-262	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
11891248-2	2002	The predicted GL8 protein exhibits significant sequence similarity to a class of enzymes that catalyze the reduction of a ketone group to a hydroxyl group.	Ketones	122-128	glossy 8	Zea mays	14-17
12375632-3	2002	3-Alkylated 1,4-benzodiazepines with selectivity towards the CCK-B (CCK2) receptor have been optimized on the lipophilic side chain, the ketone moiety, and the stereochemistry at the 3-position.	Ketones	137-143	cholecystokinin B receptor	Homo sapiens	68-82
11701435-2	2001	Because ketone bodies compete with other energetic substrates and reduce their utilization, they could participate in the development of insulin resistance in the heart.	Ketones	8-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
11756565-1	2002	Succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (scot; EC 2.8.3.5) is a key enzyme for metabolism of ketone bodies.	Ketones	94-100	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
11701435-10	2001	These results indicate that prolonged exposure to ketone bodies altered insulin action in cardiomyocytes and suggest that this substrate could play a role in the development of insulin resistance in the heart.	Ketones	50-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
11701435-10	2001	These results indicate that prolonged exposure to ketone bodies altered insulin action in cardiomyocytes and suggest that this substrate could play a role in the development of insulin resistance in the heart.	Ketones	50-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
11709394-7	2001	SCOT is a mitochondrial matrix protein responsible for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	55-61	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11701027-1	2001	tert-Butyldiphenylsilylcopper reacts with allene to give an allylsilane-vinylcopper intermediate which upon treatment with alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones leads to allylsilane containing ketones resulting from conjugate addition.	Ketones	146-153	telomerase reverse transcriptase	Homo sapiens	0-4
11700114-1	2001	[reaction--see text] The synthesis of oxime-linked mucin mimics was accomplished via the incorporation of multiple ketone residues into a peptide followed by reaction with aminooxy sugars corresponding to the tumor-related T(N) and sialyl T(N) (ST(N)) antigens.	Ketones	115-121	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	51-56
11602526-0	2001	Oxidation mechanism of 7-hydroxy-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol and 8-hydroxy-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol to the corresponding ketones by CYP3A11.	Ketones	126-133	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	137-144
11602526-8	2001	These results suggest that 7alpha-hydroxy-Delta(8)-THC and 8beta-hydroxy-Delta(9)-THC may be oxidized to the corresponding ketones by CYP3A11 via a gem-diol pathway.	Ketones	123-130	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	134-141
11714858-3	2001	Subsequent studies indicate that this product appears to result from N-chlorination of the N-terminal amino group of apoB-100 and dehydrohalogenation to the corresponding imine, which may form the hydrazone derivative directly, or after hydrolysis to the ketone.	Ketones	255-261	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	117-125
11574022-1	2001	[reaction: see text] The intramolecular Mannich reaction of delta-amino beta-keto esters with aldehydes and ketones is a new methodology for the synthesis of polysubstituted piperidines and is illustrated by the concise asymmetric synthesis of the dendrobate alkaloid (+)-241D and its C-4 epimer.	Ketones	108-115	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	285-288
11701435-3	2001	We have examined the effect of elevated levels of ketone bodies on insulin action in primary cultures of adult cardiomyocytes.	Ketones	50-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
11515584-2	2001	Triterpenes having the hemiketal structure at the A-ring, an acyloxy group at C-22 and/or ketone at C-3 showed potent anti-androgenic activity.	Ketones	90-96	complement C3	Homo sapiens	100-103
11485379-1	2001	Ketoximes undergo a cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation to nitric oxide and ketones in liver microsomes.	Ketones	76-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	31-35
11448187-1	2001	The combination of RuCl2(PPh3)3 and TEMPO affords an efficient catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of a variety of primary and secondary alcohols, giving the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, in &gt;99% selectivity in all cases.	Ketones	193-200	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
11425537-3	2001	After oxidation to yield a ketone at the C10-position, this intermediate was reacted with dimethylsulfonium ylide.	Ketones	27-33	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	41-44
11453890-9	2001	CYP1A1 and 3A4 also catalysed ketone formation from rac-RPR 127025.	Ketones	30-36	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
11378207-0	2001	Acute effects of growth hormone on metabolism of pancreatic hormones, glucose and ketone bodies.	Ketones	82-88	somatotropin	Canis lupus familiaris	17-31
11416199-9	2001	SCOT is a key enzyme for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	25-31	3-oxoacid CoA transferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
29712193-2	2001	This general method for the diastereoselective synthesis of syn, anti, and methyl ketone aldol adducts utilizes a powerful MgII -mediated, hydroxy-directed nitrile oxide cycloaddition.	Ketones	82-88	synemin	Homo sapiens	47-50
29712223-1	2001	Proposed as intermediates in the catalytic oxidation of olefins to ketones, 3-rhoda-1,2-dioxolanes (kappa2 C1 ,O2 -2-peroxyethyl rhodium complexes) have now been prepared by oxygenation of solid [(N4 -ligand)RhI (ethene)]PF6 with air.	Ketones	67-74	sperm associated antigen 17	Homo sapiens	221-224
11375001-3	2001	The adducts 12a and 12b were found to readily rearrange to the isomeric ketones 19a and 19b upon chromatography.	Ketones	72-79	SLAM family member 7	Homo sapiens	80-83
11559999-2	2001	It has been ascertained that exacerbation of the condition is accompanied by decline in the lysis of azoalbumin (low-molecular proteins), by a decrease in the blood serum concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin in the presence of an increased lysis of azocol (colagenolytic activity of the blood) and the blood serum content of aldehyde- and ketone derivatives.	Ketones	341-347	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	188-209
11311061-2	2001	These compounds show improved configurational stability of the C-4 diastereomeric center relative to the previously published five- and six-membered ring ketone-based inhibitor series.	Ketones	154-160	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	63-66
11548795-0	2001	Resuscitation-induced pulmonary apoptosis and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rats are attenuated by the use of Ketone Ringer"s solution.	Ketones	128-134	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-79
11263911-3	2001	Notably, ketones with bulky silyloxy groups gave syn aldols, most likely via Z enolates.	Ketones	9-16	synemin	Homo sapiens	49-52
11262083-2	2001	Crystallographic and structure--activity studies on a series of acyclic ketone-based inhibitors of cathepsin K have led to the design and identification of two series of cyclic ketone inhibitors.	Ketones	72-78	cathepsin K	Homo sapiens	99-110
11403107-5	2001	The %change in plasma leptin was positively correlated with the %changes in BMI and plasma C-peptide (r=0.526, P&lt;0.0001 and r=0.446, P&lt;0.002, respectively) and negatively with a %change in plasma ketone bodies (r=-0.516, P&lt;0.005).	Ketones	202-208	leptin	Homo sapiens	22-28
11229423-0	2001	Fasting medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase--deficient children can make ketones.	Ketones	80-87	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	8-50
11170649-8	2001	The results of this structure-activity study indicate that compounds with carbonyl substitutions of the phenoxy group (ester, amide, or ketone moieties) demonstrate excellent antagonism of Pgp while having relatively low toxicity toward drug-sensitive cells.	Ketones	136-142	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
11161836-1	2001	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2 enzyme) deficiency (MIM 203750) is an autosomal recessive disorder of isoleucine and ketone-body metabolism.	Ketones	128-134	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
11205007-2	2001	Reaction of the enantiopure ketones 8a-d and the racemic ketones 26a-d with the norpseudoephedrine derivative 2 or ent-2 and allylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, led to a series of homoallylic ethers with good to excellent diastereoselectivity (85:15 to &gt; 97:3).	Ketones	28-35	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
11205007-2	2001	Reaction of the enantiopure ketones 8a-d and the racemic ketones 26a-d with the norpseudoephedrine derivative 2 or ent-2 and allylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, led to a series of homoallylic ethers with good to excellent diastereoselectivity (85:15 to &gt; 97:3).	Ketones	57-64	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	115-120
30405275-2	2000	The key steps are a ring-closing olefin metathesis to construct the dihydropyran unit, nucleophilic addition of an alkynyl anion to the Weinreb amide, stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone to set the C20-hydroxyl stereochemistry, and elaboration of the C21-C22 trans-olefin geometry.	Ketones	194-200	TBL1X/Y related 1	Homo sapiens	265-268
11145119-10	2000	These data indicate that metabolic changes other than ketone bodies, such as an increase in plasma glucocorticoids, may account for starvation-induced expression of apoAI.	Ketones	54-60	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
11025551-1	2000	Aldose and aldehyde reductases are monomeric NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases that catalyze the reduction of a wide variety of aldehydes and ketones to their corresponding alcohols.	Ketones	140-147	2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
10976571-3	2000	CYP2E1 also plays a role in the metabolism of endogenous compounds including fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	93-99	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
11302200-5	2001	(3) CCl4 reduced beta-oxidation of fatty acids as assessed by CO2-release and ketone body formation.	Ketones	78-84	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
11193721-6	2000	The total ketone body concentration was higher in the fat group than in the glucose group on POD 1 and 2.	Ketones	10-16	coronin 7	Homo sapiens	93-104
10995598-8	2000	Plasma non-esterified (free) fatty acid and ketone body levels were significantly decreased in both groups by the infusion of exogenous insulin, but the sensitivity of lipolysis was impaired in patients with sepsis.	Ketones	44-50	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-143
10915225-1	2000	To determine if ketoacidosis contributes to reduced apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) expression in insulin-deficient diabetic rats, we examined the regulation of apoA1 gene expression in response to changes in ambient pH or ketone body concentrations.	Ketones	217-223	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
10864760-2	2000	The so-formed syn-alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxy amides were transformed into other valuable chiral nonracemic synthons such as alpha-methyl-beta-hydroxyacids, esters, and ketones.	Ketones	167-174	synemin	Homo sapiens	14-17
10802291-4	2000	BHB alone (but not AcAc or Ac) and a mixture of ketone bodies caused a significant decrease in IFN titers induced by NDV and LPS and in TNF titers induced by LPS.	Ketones	48-54	interferon alpha-H	Bos taurus	95-98
10802291-4	2000	BHB alone (but not AcAc or Ac) and a mixture of ketone bodies caused a significant decrease in IFN titers induced by NDV and LPS and in TNF titers induced by LPS.	Ketones	48-54	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	136-139
10775173-9	2000	By contrast, 24 h of insulin re-supplementation increased LH pulse frequency, reduced circulating glucose and NEFA concentrations, decreased plasma cortisol, and reduced urinary output of ketones.	Ketones	188-195	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	21-28
10755375-0	2000	Enantioselective analysis of ketone bodies in patients with beta-ketothiolase deficiency, medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency and ketonemic vomiting.	Ketones	29-35	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta	Homo sapiens	60-77
10802291-0	2000	The influence of ketone bodies and glucose on interferon, tumor necrosis factor production and NO release in bovine aorta endothelial cells.	Ketones	17-23	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	46-79
10802291-1	2000	Bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) were used to determine the effect of ketone bodies and glucose on in vitro interferon (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and nitric oxide (NO) production.	Ketones	76-82	interferon alpha-H	Bos taurus	114-124
10732972-2	2000	The amino-allocolchicinoid (9), a key compound in this study, was transformed to the highly potent ketone 10 and by oxidation with H2O2/Na2WO4 to a mixture of syn/anti-oximes, like 11 and 12.	Ketones	99-105	synemin	Homo sapiens	159-162
10791214-8	2000	In the insulin therapy group (n = 5), the arterial ketone body ratio of 3 patients recovered within a few hours after the operation, and that of the remaining 2 patients recovered on the 1st postoperative day.	Ketones	51-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
10648913-4	2000	Musk ketone was considered to be negative in the mouse in vivo micronucleus test as well as in a battery of previously published in vitro genotoxicity tests.	Ketones	5-11	muscle, skeletal, receptor tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	0-4
10813959-1	2000	The reaction of alpha-sulfinyl carbanions, derived from the beta-silylethyl sulfoxides, with ketones or trimethyl phosphate, gave the syn products with high stereoselectivity.	Ketones	93-100	synemin	Homo sapiens	134-137
10791214-11	2000	The arterial ketone body ratio recovery time was shorter in the intraportal insulin therapy group than in the control group (P = 0.042).	Ketones	13-19	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
10585212-4	1999	The introduction of an oxygen-containing functionality to the propyl side chain provided ketones 29 and 30, which demonstrated greatly reduced affinity for the DAT and decreased potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, and benzylic alcohols 31-36, which were highly potent and selective at binding to the DAT and inhibiting [(3)H]DA uptake.	Ketones	89-96	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	160-163
10585212-4	1999	The introduction of an oxygen-containing functionality to the propyl side chain provided ketones 29 and 30, which demonstrated greatly reduced affinity for the DAT and decreased potency in inhibiting the uptake of [(3)H]DA, and benzylic alcohols 31-36, which were highly potent and selective at binding to the DAT and inhibiting [(3)H]DA uptake.	Ketones	89-96	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	310-313
10501215-0	1999	The AMP-activated protein kinase is involved in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes.	Ketones	66-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-32
10501215-1	1999	The possible role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved stress-activated kinase, in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes was studied.	Ketones	127-133	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	25-53
10501215-1	1999	The possible role of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved stress-activated kinase, in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes was studied.	Ketones	127-133	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
10501215-9	1999	However, activation of AMPK during hypoxia compensated the depression of beta-oxidation, thereby sustaining ketone body production.	Ketones	108-114	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
10501215-12	1999	Results show that (a) AMPK plays an active role in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes, and (b) ketone bodies produced by astrocytes during hypoxia might be a substrate for neuronal oxidative metabolism.	Ketones	69-75	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
10501215-12	1999	Results show that (a) AMPK plays an active role in the regulation of ketone body production by astrocytes, and (b) ketone bodies produced by astrocytes during hypoxia might be a substrate for neuronal oxidative metabolism.	Ketones	115-121	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
10417314-10	1999	It is suggested that cells which express MCT2 preferentially use lactate and ketone bodies as energy sources.	Ketones	77-83	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
10471310-1	1999	Transport of lactate, pyruvate, and the ketone bodies, acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate, is mediated in many mammalian cells by the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1.	Ketones	40-46	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
10365824-10	1999	IL-1beta also decreased the ketone body ratio in both groups.	Ketones	28-34	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
10822555-3	1999	An equally surprising rate acceleration of the reaction between 15 and allylic alcohols (alk-1-en-3-ols) as well as their subsequent cleavage to methyl ketones was discovered.	Ketones	152-159	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	89-94
10365824-12	1999	N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, abolished the effects of IL-1beta on the ATP levels and ketone body ratio, as well as on the nitric oxide production.	Ketones	123-129	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	92-100
10353641-4	1999	We have examined 22 crystallographic structures of caspase-1 complexed as a thiohemiketal with the inhibitors from 8 different ketone classes, and found the Cys285S-C-C(alpha)-leaving group dihedral angle to be near either to 60 degrees or to 180 degrees.	Ketones	127-133	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	51-60
10200159-9	1999	The alcohol counterparts of selected difluoro ketones also lowered Abeta levels, indicating that the ketone carbonyl is not essential for activity and suggesting that these compounds inhibit an aspartyl protease.	Ketones	46-52	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	67-72
10076615-10	1999	There was a significant negative correlation between the peak serum IL-8 level and the initial velocity of arterial ketone body ratio recovery for the first 5 minutes after reperfusion r = -0.83, P &lt; .001).	Ketones	116-122	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	68-72
10366509-1	1999	Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (DADH) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones.	Ketones	122-129	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	0-32
10366509-1	1999	Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (DADH) is an NAD+-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes/ketones.	Ketones	122-129	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	34-38
9808673-0	1998	20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase catalyzes ketone-reduction of acetohexamide, an oral antidiabetic drug, in liver microsomes of adult male rats.	Ketones	46-52	carbonyl reductase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-35
10344570-4	1999	The relationship between the structures and their inhibitory activity indicated that the presence of an electrophilic ketone(s) and/or enone(s) at both C-6 and C-8 positions in the isochromane-like ring is essential for eliciting CETP inhibitory activity.	Ketones	118-124	complement C6	Homo sapiens	152-155
10344570-4	1999	The relationship between the structures and their inhibitory activity indicated that the presence of an electrophilic ketone(s) and/or enone(s) at both C-6 and C-8 positions in the isochromane-like ring is essential for eliciting CETP inhibitory activity.	Ketones	118-124	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	160-163
10344570-4	1999	The relationship between the structures and their inhibitory activity indicated that the presence of an electrophilic ketone(s) and/or enone(s) at both C-6 and C-8 positions in the isochromane-like ring is essential for eliciting CETP inhibitory activity.	Ketones	118-124	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	230-234
10445040-5	1999	Two adjacent hydroxyl groups (catechol-type), three adjacent hydroxyl groups (pyrogallol-type) or hydroxyl groups at C-3, C-5 and C-7 are a minimum requirement for high potency inhibition; (3) Protection of the hydroxyl group(s) by glycosylation or methylation decreases potency; (4) Saturation of the C-2-C-3 double bond results in a decrease in potency; and (5) A ketone at C-4 is not essential for inhibition.	Ketones	366-372	complement C7	Homo sapiens	130-133
10445040-5	1999	Two adjacent hydroxyl groups (catechol-type), three adjacent hydroxyl groups (pyrogallol-type) or hydroxyl groups at C-3, C-5 and C-7 are a minimum requirement for high potency inhibition; (3) Protection of the hydroxyl group(s) by glycosylation or methylation decreases potency; (4) Saturation of the C-2-C-3 double bond results in a decrease in potency; and (5) A ketone at C-4 is not essential for inhibition.	Ketones	366-372	complement C3	Homo sapiens	117-120
10462066-5	1999	In addition, ceramide generated upon CB1 cannabinoid receptor activation may enhance ketone body production by astrocytes independently of MAPK.	Ketones	85-91	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-40
9836615-2	1998	In the case of the substituent located at the 2-position of the tropane ring, studies have revealed the ability of the transporter to accommodate groups of diverse structure, including ester, ketone, alkyl, alkenyl, heterocyclic, and aryl substituents, without loss of DAT binding affinity.	Ketones	192-198	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	269-272
9756522-7	1998	Leptin also prevented the elevations in serum corticosterone and ketones found in pair-fed lean mice.	Ketones	65-72	leptin	Mus musculus	0-6
9808673-6	1998	Based on all results, we conclude that 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase catalyzes the ketone-reduction of acetohexamide in liver microsomes of adult male rats.	Ketones	89-95	carbonyl reductase 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-74
9874000-1	1998	Steroid 5alpha-reductase is an enzyme that converts a number of steroids with a C-4, 5 double bond and C-3 ketone to 5alpha-reduced metabolites.	Ketones	107-113	complement C3	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
9751193-3	1998	Using tetradecylglycidate as a specific, cell-permeable inhibitor of CPT-I, a flux control coefficient of 0.77 +/- 0.07 was calculated for CPT-I over the flux of [14C]palmitate to ketone bodies.	Ketones	180-186	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
9751193-3	1998	Using tetradecylglycidate as a specific, cell-permeable inhibitor of CPT-I, a flux control coefficient of 0.77 +/- 0.07 was calculated for CPT-I over the flux of [14C]palmitate to ketone bodies.	Ketones	180-186	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	139-144
9729461-1	1998	Pig 3alpha/beta,20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyses the reduction of ketones on steroids and aldehydes and ketones on various xenobiotics, like its homologue carbonyl reductase.	Ketones	113-120	carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	Sus scrofa	4-51
9729461-1	1998	Pig 3alpha/beta,20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyses the reduction of ketones on steroids and aldehydes and ketones on various xenobiotics, like its homologue carbonyl reductase.	Ketones	151-158	carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	Sus scrofa	4-51
9729461-4	1998	Here we report the effect on the reduction of two ketone and two aldehyde substrates by pig 3alpha/beta,20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in which tyrosine-194 has been mutated to phenylalanine and cysteine, and lysine-198 has been mutated to isoleucine and arginine.	Ketones	50-56	carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	Sus scrofa	92-139
9727057-8	1998	Adult mice expressing LPL exclusively in liver had slower VLDL turnover than wild-type mice, but greater VLDL mass clearance, increased VLDL triglyceride production, and three- to fourfold more plasma ketones.	Ketones	201-208	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	22-25
9763837-3	1998	In that condition, just sufficient insulin is present to counteract ketone production, but not enough to prevent hyperglycaemia.	Ketones	68-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9667539-4	1998	RESULTS: Doses of supplemental insulin used to treat patients with both moderate and large urine ketone values were similar (P&gt;.05) in the insulin lispro and regular insulin groups.	Ketones	97-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
10074711-5	1999	Complete loss of KCS1 expression resulted in decreases of up to 80% in the levels of C26 to C30 wax alcohols and aldehydes, but much smaller effects were observed on the major wax components, i.e. the C29 alkanes and C29 ketones on leaves, stems and siliques.	Ketones	221-228	3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-21
9727057-9	1998	In summary, it appears that liver LPL shunts circulating triglycerides to the liver, which results in a futile cycle of enhanced VLDL production and increased ketone production, and subsequently spares glucose.	Ketones	159-165	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	34-37
9572873-10	1998	Taken together, these findings indicate the active site directed nature of the interaction of DDC with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone and provide evidence that the ketone generated by the reaction of DDC with alpha-methylDopa dissociates from the active site before it inactivates the enzyme.	Ketones	160-166	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	94-97
9572873-10	1998	Taken together, these findings indicate the active site directed nature of the interaction of DDC with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone and provide evidence that the ketone generated by the reaction of DDC with alpha-methylDopa dissociates from the active site before it inactivates the enzyme.	Ketones	160-166	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	196-199
9572873-12	1998	Together with the characterization of the adduct released from the inactivated DDC, these data suggest that the enzyme is inactivated by trapping the coenzyme in a ternary adduct with ketone and the active site lysine.	Ketones	184-190	dopa decarboxylase	Homo sapiens	79-82
9871718-2	1998	Their oxidation forms ketone 2, which undergoes beta-elimination of umbelliferone under catalysis by bovine serum albumin, leading to a &gt; 20-fold fluorescence increase at lambda em = 460 +/- 20 nm (lambda ex = 360 +/- 20 nm).	Ketones	22-28	albumin	Homo sapiens	108-121
10191393-8	1998	Furthermore, IL-6 and glucagon caused an increase in the ketone-body ratio (KBR = [acetoacetate]/[beta-hydroxybutyrate]), which is in equilibrium with the intramitochondrial NAD+/NADH.	Ketones	57-63	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
9550541-2	1998	The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between decrements of serum leptin concentrations and changes of hormonal (insulin and cortisol) and metabolic (glucose, ketones, and fatty acids) parameters involved in the metabolic adaptation to energy restriction in normal-weight humans.	Ketones	175-182	leptin	Homo sapiens	82-88
9680068-0	1998	Stereoselective synthesis of peptidyl trifluoromethyl alcohols and ketones: inhibitory potency against human leucocyte elastase, cathepsin G, porcine pancreatic elastase and HIV-1 protease.	Ketones	67-74	cathepsin G	Homo sapiens	129-140
9546627-7	1998	Short-term control of activity of muscle CPT-I is apparently regulated by malonyl-CoA concentration in response to fuel supply (glucose, lactate, pyruvate and ketone bodies).	Ketones	159-165	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Homo sapiens	41-46
9445383-10	1998	Previously, we showed that with Drosophila Adh, the interconversion between alcohols and aldehydes followed a strictly compulsory ordered pathway, although aldehydes and ketones formed binary complexes with the enzyme.	Ketones	170-177	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	43-46
9671268-1	1998	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT; EC 2.8.3.5; locus symbol OXCT) is the key enzyme of ketone body utilization.	Ketones	99-105	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
9671268-1	1998	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT; EC 2.8.3.5; locus symbol OXCT) is the key enzyme of ketone body utilization.	Ketones	99-105	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
9671268-1	1998	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT; EC 2.8.3.5; locus symbol OXCT) is the key enzyme of ketone body utilization.	Ketones	99-105	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
9607396-1	1998	We designed a simple approach to determine cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT) activity for differential diagnosis of ketone body catabolic defects, using rapid cell-subfractionation of cultured lymphocytes with digitonin.	Ketones	122-128	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	43-77
9607396-1	1998	We designed a simple approach to determine cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT) activity for differential diagnosis of ketone body catabolic defects, using rapid cell-subfractionation of cultured lymphocytes with digitonin.	Ketones	122-128	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	79-81
9607396-9	1998	Hence, this method will prove to be useful for accurate assessment of defects of CT as well as T2 or SCOT, all involved in ketone body catabolism.	Ketones	123-129	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	81-83
9607396-9	1998	Hence, this method will prove to be useful for accurate assessment of defects of CT as well as T2 or SCOT, all involved in ketone body catabolism.	Ketones	123-129	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
9211344-4	1997	We hypothesize that uremic toxins that contain aldehyde or ketone groups potentially could form Schiff bases with lysine residues of the VDR DNA binding domain and inhibit VDR interaction with VDREs.	Ketones	59-65	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
9589778-6	1997	However during starvation ketoacid production as the consequence of incomplete fatty acid oxidation and ketone excretion swamps the basogenic limb and full-blown metabolic acidosis prevails; under this condition growth hormone"s effectiveness in sparing nitrogen for anabolic processes is curtailed as glutamate (emanating from the liver) and glutamine (derived from muscle proteolysis) are directed to the kidneys, supporting ammoniogenesis: nitrogen balance is now sacrificed for acid-base homoeostasis.	Ketones	104-110	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	212-226
9463521-1	1997	In the present study the irreversible inhibition of human glutathione S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) by alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones was studied.	Ketones	140-147	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	90-97
9463521-2	1997	When GSTP1-1 was incubated with a 50-fold molar excess of the aldehydes acrolein (ACR) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and the ketones curcumin (CUR) and ethacrynic acid (EA) at 22 degrees C, all of them inactivated GSTP1-1.	Ketones	125-132	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	5-12
9343363-1	1997	The specific activities of D-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) are reduced in the liver and kidney of rats intoxicated with 2.5 mg Cd/kg body wt and sacrificed after 24 h; conversely ketone-body concentration is strongly increased in both of these organs and blood.	Ketones	221-227	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
9380443-1	1997	We describe the distribution in human tissues of three enzymes of ketone body utilization: succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2), and cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT).	Ketones	66-72	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	91-130
9380443-1	1997	We describe the distribution in human tissues of three enzymes of ketone body utilization: succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2), and cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT).	Ketones	66-72	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
9380443-1	1997	We describe the distribution in human tissues of three enzymes of ketone body utilization: succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2), and cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT).	Ketones	66-72	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	139-177
9380443-1	1997	We describe the distribution in human tissues of three enzymes of ketone body utilization: succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT), mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2), and cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (CT).	Ketones	66-72	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	188-222
9342868-6	1997	The amino acid sequence deduced from an apparently full-length gl8 cDNA exhibits highly significant sequence similarity to a group of enzymes from plants, eubacteria, and mammals that catalyzes the reduction of ketones.	Ketones	211-218	glossy 8	Zea mays	63-66
9326418-7	1997	Kinetics of HSP70 expression monitored by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed a rapid increase of mRNA within 1 hr, which was closely associated with delayed recovery of hepatocellular energy charge, as assessed by the ketone body ratio.	Ketones	238-244	heat shock 70 kDa protein 6	Sus scrofa	12-17
9211344-4	1997	We hypothesize that uremic toxins that contain aldehyde or ketone groups potentially could form Schiff bases with lysine residues of the VDR DNA binding domain and inhibit VDR interaction with VDREs.	Ketones	59-65	vitamin D receptor	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
8894106-1	1996	Carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and other zinc-dependent proteases, facilitate an alpha deprotonation of judiciously designed ketones and amides.	Ketones	120-127	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	0-18
9037228-12	1997	Vasopressin receptor blockade also maintained oxygen extraction ratio and ketone body availability in the mesenteric circulation.	Ketones	74-80	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
9016816-1	1997	CYP2B, CYP4A, and CYP2E1 mRNA levels are elevated in response to pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes, high-fat diet, and fasting, in which lipids and ketone bodies are increased.	Ketones	162-168	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
9016816-9	1997	These results provide evidence that intracellular levels of fatty acids and ketone bodies regulate the expression of CYP2B but not CYP2E1.	Ketones	76-82	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
8866554-5	1996	When responses of leptin to fasting and refeeding were compared with that of glucose, insulin, fatty acids, and ketones, a reverse relationship between leptin and beta-OH-butyrate was found.	Ketones	112-119	leptin	Homo sapiens	152-158
8876655-0	1996	Ketone potentiation of haloalkane-induced hepatotoxicity: CCl4 and ketone treatment on hepatic membrane integrity.	Ketones	0-6	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
8876655-12	1996	Of the three ketones, only A altered CCl4 effects on plasma membrane enzymes and decreased BCM fluidity.	Ketones	13-20	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
8876655-13	1996	The data only partially support increased susceptibility of liver membranes by ketone pretreatment as a factor implicated in the mechanism of potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity.	Ketones	79-85	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
8912677-2	1996	By applying top-down control analysis, we quantified the control exerted by CPT I over total carbon flux from palmitoyl-CoA to ketone bodies and carbon dioxide.	Ketones	127-133	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
11667606-5	1996	Irradiation of the diketone, 6beta-(DPSO)-5beta-androstane-3,17-dione (5), gives two ring D-derived photoproducts, an epimer (19) and an enal (18), both coming from the C17 ketone excited singlet state.	Ketones	21-27	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	169-172
11667606-8	1996	6.5 x 10(9) s(-)(1), with the chemistry indicative of facile intra-SSET between the C3 and C17 ketones.	Ketones	95-102	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
15045231-0	1996	Syn/anti isomerization of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones in the determination of airborne unsymmetrical aldehydes and ketones using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivation.	Ketones	115-122	synemin	Homo sapiens	0-3
9001814-1	1996	Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (T2) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder of isoleucine and ketone body catabolism.	Ketones	108-114	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
11671588-0	1997	Asymmetric Electroreduction of Ketone and Aldehyde Derivatives to the Corresponding Alcohols Using Alcohol Dehydrogenase as an Electrocatalyst.	Ketones	31-37	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	99-120
9128180-1	1997	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) is a key enzyme for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	67-73	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
9128180-1	1997	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) is a key enzyme for ketone body utilization.	Ketones	67-73	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
9092828-2	1997	Citrate synthase readily catalyzes solvent proton exchange of the methyl protons of dethiaacetyl-coenzyme A, a sulfur-less, ketone analog of acetyl-coenzyme A, in its ternary complex with oxaloacetate.	Ketones	124-130	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	0-16
9045680-6	1997	In addition, the P1 carbonyl of the ketone inhibitor is pointing into the oxyanion hole and forms a hydrogen bond with the peptidic nitrogen of Gly-122, resulting in a different state compared with the tetrahedral intermediate observed in the structure of ICE and CPP32 in complex with an aldehyde inhibitor.	Ketones	36-42	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	256-259
9045680-6	1997	In addition, the P1 carbonyl of the ketone inhibitor is pointing into the oxyanion hole and forms a hydrogen bond with the peptidic nitrogen of Gly-122, resulting in a different state compared with the tetrahedral intermediate observed in the structure of ICE and CPP32 in complex with an aldehyde inhibitor.	Ketones	36-42	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	264-269
9086454-1	1997	Seiridin (SE), one of the main phytotoxins produced in vitro by Seiridium species pathogenic to cypress, was oxidized and the corresponding ketone derivative covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA).	Ketones	140-146	albumin	Homo sapiens	186-199
8894106-1	1996	Carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and other zinc-dependent proteases, facilitate an alpha deprotonation of judiciously designed ketones and amides.	Ketones	120-127	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	20-23
7473860-13	1995	These findings affirm the importance of ketone-enhanced bioactivation for potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity but suggest an alternative mechanism for CHCl3 nephrotoxicity.	Ketones	40-46	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
9001594-5	1996	These effects on CYP2E expression may be mediated by the reduced levels of circulating ketone bodies, however, a direct effect on CYP2E expression in diabetes cannot be discounted.	Ketones	87-93	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
8694076-11	1996	Northern analysis revealed that the steady-state expression of GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid was diminished in ketone-treated cells, but this effect was overcome by coincubation of cultures with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-I.	Ketones	114-120	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
8694076-11	1996	Northern analysis revealed that the steady-state expression of GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid was diminished in ketone-treated cells, but this effect was overcome by coincubation of cultures with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-I.	Ketones	114-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	198-205
8694076-11	1996	Northern analysis revealed that the steady-state expression of GLUT1 messenger ribonucleic acid was diminished in ketone-treated cells, but this effect was overcome by coincubation of cultures with insulin or insulin-like growth factor-I.	Ketones	114-120	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	209-237
8681961-5	1996	During this period, the CYP2E1 RNA content remains fairly low: the stabilization of the low amount of existing CYP2E1 protein by endogenous ketone bodies could explain the early neonatal rise of the protein level.	Ketones	140-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	111-117
8844009-1	1996	Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency is a rare disorder of ketone body catabolism.	Ketones	80-86	3-oxoacid CoA-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-39
8928757-3	1996	In the basal state, net forearm uptake of free fatty acids and ketone bodies was increased during IGF-I administration in the face of elevated plasma levels of these substrates, whereas basal glucose levels and forearm glucose balance were unchanged.	Ketones	63-69	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
8603098-6	1996	During the same period, interleukin-1beta but not interleukin-6 decreased the ketone body ratio.	Ketones	78-84	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	24-41
8603098-8	1996	NG-monomethyl-L-arginine reversed inhibition of the ATP increase, decrease in the ketone body ratio, and increase in lactate production, which were induced by interleukin-1beta.	Ketones	82-88	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	159-176
8778173-0	1996	High blood ketone body concentration in type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.	Ketones	11-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
8778173-6	1996	Similarly, blood levels of ketones (351 +/- 29 vs 159 +/- 15 umol/l; P &lt; 0.0001) were increased, in spite of higher plasma free-insulin (77 +/- 7 vs. 49 +/- 14 pmol/l; p &lt; 0.0001) and C-peptide concentration (0.63 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.46 +/- 0.07 nmol/l; P &lt; 0.05) and no differences in plasma levels of cortisol, and growth hormone.	Ketones	27-34	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	321-335
8832962-3	1996	The eruption subsided when blood glucose and total ketone levels were controlled by subcutaneous insulin injection.	Ketones	51-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
8526867-2	1995	This enzyme, designated AFAR, displays high activity towards dicarbonyl-containing compounds with ketone groups on adjacent carbon atoms; 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, acenaphthenequinone and camphorquinone were found to be good substrates.	Ketones	98-104	aldo-keto reductase family 7 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
7480146-2	1995	The UV-visible absorption spectra and photostationary state compositions of retinal (or the related C-18 ketone, 3-dehydroretinal and the C-22 aldehyde) imbedded in the binding cavity of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) are consistent with the view that the carbonyl group of these polyenes are hydrogen-bonded with the protein host, most likely with the lone protonated lysine residue in the binding pocket.	Ketones	105-111	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	100-104
7562931-4	1995	These compounds inhibit HNE by forming both a covalent bond between the ketone carbonyl carbon atom and the hydroxyl group of Ser-195 and a hydrogen bond between the benzoxazole nitrogen atom and His-57.	Ketones	72-78	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	24-27
8544646-7	1995	There was a positive correlation between the arterial blood ketone body ratio and the maximal concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (r = 0.465, p &lt; 0.02 by Student"s t-test).	Ketones	60-66	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	111-128
7553643-2	1995	The DN reductase associated with CBR reduces the C13 methyl ketone group and does not metabolize the quinone ring of DN.	Ketones	60-66	carbonyl reductase 1	Homo sapiens	33-36
7632166-0	1995	Reduction of drug ketones by dihydrodiol dehydrogenases, carbonyl reductase and aldehyde reductase of human liver.	Ketones	18-25	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	80-98
8537826-0	1995	Scutoid mutation of Drosophila melanogaster specifically decreases olfactory responses to short-chain acetate esters and ketones.	Ketones	121-128	snail	Drosophila melanogaster	0-7
7632166-1	1995	In this study, we compared the enzymatic reduction of 10 drugs with a ketone group by homogeneous carbonyl reductase, aldehyde reductase and three dihydrodiol dehydrogenases of human liver cytosol.	Ketones	70-76	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	118-136
7781649-2	1995	The changes in arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR: acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate), which reflects the hepatic mitochondrial redox state ([NAD+]/[NADH]), after GH injection was studied as an indicator of the hepatic energy metabolism.	Ketones	24-30	somatotropin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	158-160
8537826-11	1995	These findings suggest the involvement of Sco in an olfactory pathway in adults which is specific for short-chain acetate esters and ketones.	Ketones	133-140	snail	Drosophila melanogaster	42-45
7768500-5	1995	In grafts with immediate function (n = 10), smooth increase of arterial ketone body ratio reflecting hepatic intramitochondrial redox state was accompanied by increased c-peptide and decreased glucagon, resulting in the increase of c-peptide/glucagon ratio.	Ketones	72-78	insulin	Homo sapiens	232-241
7768500-8	1995	In primary nonfunction (n = 4), rapid increase of c-peptide accompanied by hyperglycemia resulted in the accelerated increase of c-peptide/glucagon ratio, but ketone body ratio did not show any increase.	Ketones	159-165	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-59
18623277-6	1995	In solvents, such as acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran, which themselves are not oxidizable by compound I, catalase catalyzes the oxidation of numerous primary and secondary alcohols with tert-butyl hydroperoxide to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones.	Ketones	245-252	catalase	Bos taurus	105-113
7702568-7	1995	DIF-3 is then metabolized by three successive oxidations of its aliphatic side chain: a hydroxylation at omega-2 to produce DM2, oxidation of the hydroxy group to a ketone group to produce DM3 and a further hydroxylation at omega-1 to produce DM4, a hydroxyketone of DIF-3.	Ketones	165-171	gametogenetin binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
8744687-2	1995	Interferon (IFN) induction in leukocytes of cows with fatty liver, elevated ketone bodies, free fatty acids, bilirubin concentration and high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, revealed impaired IFN production which was not improved by using known immunomodulators such as isoprinosine, levamisole, TFX and lactoferrin.	Ketones	76-82	interferon alpha-H	Bos taurus	0-10
8744687-2	1995	Interferon (IFN) induction in leukocytes of cows with fatty liver, elevated ketone bodies, free fatty acids, bilirubin concentration and high aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, revealed impaired IFN production which was not improved by using known immunomodulators such as isoprinosine, levamisole, TFX and lactoferrin.	Ketones	76-82	interferon alpha-H	Bos taurus	12-15
7766735-5	1995	In the premature newborns, ketone body turnover rates (3.2 +/- 0.2 mumol kg-1 min-1) were 74% that of fed newborns at term (4.3 +/- 0.3 mumol kg-1 min-1, p &lt; 0.05), and 18% that of normal newborns during a brief fast (17.3 +/- 1.3 mumol kg-1 min-1, p &lt; 0.01).	Ketones	27-33	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-83
7799404-0	1994	Inhibition of human neutrophil elastase with peptidyl electrophilic ketones.	Ketones	68-75	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	20-39
8568566-0	1995	Thrombin inhibitors based on ketone derivatives of arginine and lysine.	Ketones	29-35	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
8568566-4	1995	A large variety of such ketones have been studied and compared in their ability to increase the thrombin time in human plasma.	Ketones	24-31	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	96-104
8568566-10	1995	All the highly electrophilic ketones were found to be slow-binding with thrombin.	Ketones	29-36	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	72-80
7894532-0	1994	Effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors and ethanol on blood and liver ketone bodies in the rat.	Ketones	101-107	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	10-32
7932578-4	1994	Structure-activity studies of the C-terminal heterocyclic groups indicate the importance of an sp2 nitrogen atom at a beta-position from the adjoining ketone carbonyl group.	Ketones	151-157	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	95-98
7894532-8	1994	The ALDH inhibitors potentiated the ethanol-induced acetonemia probably by a combination of disturbances in ketone bodies production and acetone metabolism.	Ketones	108-114	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
8074523-8	1994	This pathway involves oxygenation of fluorene at C-9 to give 9-fluorenol, which is then dehydrogenated to the corresponding ketone, 9-fluorenone.	Ketones	124-130	complement C9	Homo sapiens	49-52
7955979-0	1994	The effect of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I on ketone body, lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations and its use to treat ketoacidosis in severe insulin resistance.	Ketones	58-64	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-54
7955979-0	1994	The effect of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I on ketone body, lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations and its use to treat ketoacidosis in severe insulin resistance.	Ketones	58-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
7955979-1	1994	The effect of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on ketone body concentrations was studied in a patient with the Mendenhall syndrome, a rare insulin-resistant state.	Ketones	68-74	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	26-54
7955979-1	1994	The effect of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I (rhIGF-I) on ketone body concentrations was studied in a patient with the Mendenhall syndrome, a rare insulin-resistant state.	Ketones	68-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
8175784-3	1994	The properties of the homogeneous recombinant 3 alpha-HSD (r3 alpha-HSD) confirm that a single polypeptide can function as a HSD, as a dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and as an aromatic aldehyde, ketone, and quinone reductase.	Ketones	191-197	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14	Rattus norvegicus	46-57
8175784-3	1994	The properties of the homogeneous recombinant 3 alpha-HSD (r3 alpha-HSD) confirm that a single polypeptide can function as a HSD, as a dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and as an aromatic aldehyde, ketone, and quinone reductase.	Ketones	191-197	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C14	Rattus norvegicus	60-71
7894532-0	1994	Effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors and ethanol on blood and liver ketone bodies in the rat.	Ketones	101-107	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	37-58
8061346-8	1994	In conclusion, plasma fatty acids and ketone body concentrations rise less rapidly following withdrawal of insulin in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and autonomic neuropathy suggesting that such patients may have a degree of protection against the development of diabetic ketoacidosis.	Ketones	38-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	107-114
8184432-8	1994	Antibodies to ethanol and ketone-inducible rat CYP2E1 reacted with two proteins in beluga liver microsomes.	Ketones	26-32	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-53
8359093-7	1993	In the diabetic patients on their usual insulin regimen, free insulin levels waned overnight, and an exaggerated rise in ketones was observed before breakfast.	Ketones	121-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
7907092-1	1994	Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMG-CoA synthase) is a key enzyme in the ketone body pathway.	Ketones	96-102	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	55-71
7907092-7	1994	This animal model thus shows that the overexpression of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase causes ketone body overproduction, suggesting that this enzyme may be a regulatory step in liver ketogenesis.	Ketones	94-100	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	70-86
8355245-0	1993	Activated ketone based inhibitors of human renin.	Ketones	10-16	renin	Homo sapiens	43-48
8355245-1	1993	Application of the concept of activated ketones to the design of novel and potent transition-state analog inhibitors of the aspartyl protease renin is described.	Ketones	40-47	renin	Homo sapiens	142-147
8355245-8	1993	The alpha-keto ester and alpha-diketone based renin inhibitors benefit predominantly from the hydrophobic and/or H-bonding type binding interactions of the neighboring ester or acyl group itself, rather than the ability of this group to deactivate the adjacent ketone group and thereby make it susceptible to hydration.	Ketones	33-39	renin	Homo sapiens	46-51
8359093-11	1993	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the early-night peak of ketone concentrations is related to growth hormone release, whereas the fasting levels are largely determined by insulin concentration.	Ketones	54-60	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	90-104
8359587-7	1993	Plasma free insulin levels were lower after recombinant insulin-like growth factor I administration (31.9 +/- 2.7 compared with 67.9 +/- 16.0 mU/l; p = 0.001) but no significant differences in ketone or lactate levels were detected.	Ketones	193-199	insulin	Homo sapiens	12-19
8338786-1	1993	20 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from the cytosolic fraction of neonatal pig testis is a NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of the C-20 ketone of C21-steroids.	Ketones	157-163	carbonyl reductase [NADPH] 1	Sus scrofa	0-36
8344130-0	1993	Insulin resistance in the regulation of lipolysis and ketone body metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes is apparent at very low insulin concentrations.	Ketones	54-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
8503776-8	1993	RESULTS: Insulinlike growth factor 1 corrected the burn-induced decrease in hepatic adenosine triphosphate concentration and prevented the burn-induced increase in hepatic ketone body levels.	Ketones	172-178	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-36
1396316-6	1992	At low doses, IFN alpha increased serum and hepatic ketone body levels, whereas at higher doses, this ketogenic effect was abolished.	Ketones	52-58	interferon alpha	Mus musculus	14-23
8487675-3	1993	In the postabsorptive state, regulation of lipid metabolism in the two groups appeared basically similar except that a wider spread of plasma (free) insulin concentrations in the diabetic group led to a wider range of values of plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) release from adipose tissue, plasma NEFA concentrations, and blood ketone body concentrations.	Ketones	334-340	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
12231778-1	1993	(+)-Camphor, a major monoterpene of the essential oil of common sage (Salvia officinalis), is catabolized in senescent tissue, and the pathway for the breakdown of this bicyclic ketone has been previously elucidated in sage cell-suspension cultures.	Ketones	178-184	sarcoma antigen 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
1283232-2	1992	In the present study, the possible role of cytochrome P-450 in the ketone potentiation phenomenon was investigated.	Ketones	67-73	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-59
7510790-2	1993	Papain and cathepsin B are rapidly inactivated by carboxylates 2a and 6a, but are inactivated much more slowly by 2b-2f, 6c, and 6f, in which the carboxylate is absent or replaced by an amide, ester, or ketone.	Ketones	203-209	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	11-22
1522600-1	1992	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHase) enzyme catalyses the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones using NAD+ as a cofactor.	Ketones	94-101	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	4-25
1522600-1	1992	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHase) enzyme catalyses the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones using NAD+ as a cofactor.	Ketones	94-101	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	27-33
1477471-2	1992	In the basal state, the total ketone body (TKB) concentration and the TKB to free fatty acid (FFA) ratio were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) lower in the OBF than in the OBN group, despite elevated, but comparable, FFA levels in both groups.	Ketones	30-36	izumo sperm-egg fusion 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
1504919-4	1992	Amino acid sequence analyses show that human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C17 on estrogens and androgens, and rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C11 of glucocorticoids, and Rhizobium meliloti NodG and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.	Ketones	138-144	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 7	Homo sapiens	45-81
1504919-4	1992	Amino acid sequence analyses show that human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C17 on estrogens and androgens, and rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C11 of glucocorticoids, and Rhizobium meliloti NodG and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.	Ketones	138-144	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
1504919-4	1992	Amino acid sequence analyses show that human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C17 on estrogens and androgens, and rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C11 of glucocorticoids, and Rhizobium meliloti NodG and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.	Ketones	281-287	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 7	Homo sapiens	45-81
1504919-4	1992	Amino acid sequence analyses show that human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C17 on estrogens and androgens, and rat 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the interconversion of the alcohol and ketone at C11 of glucocorticoids, and Rhizobium meliloti NodG and Bradyrhizobium japonicum.	Ketones	281-287	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	148-151
1653662-10	1991	Peak noradrenaline, cortisol and growth hormone responses were also significantly lower during ketone infusion (P = 0.04, 0.001 and 0.006, respectively).	Ketones	95-101	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	33-47
1537826-2	1992	The substrate specificities of human aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase toward trioses, triose phosphates, and related three-carbon aldehydes and ketones were evaluated.	Ketones	151-158	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	37-53
1537826-2	1992	The substrate specificities of human aldose reductase and aldehyde reductase toward trioses, triose phosphates, and related three-carbon aldehydes and ketones were evaluated.	Ketones	151-158	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	58-76
1499340-2	1992	Thiamin pyrophosphate catalyzes various decarboxylation and transfer reactions involving ketone groups because the thiazolium ring with its positively charged N atom can, on the loss of a proton from the adjacent C-2, generate a ylid which adds to carbonyl groups to produce a substrate ylid.	Ketones	89-95	complement C2	Homo sapiens	213-216
1468186-6	1992	Fasting total ketone body concentration at 52 weeks was significantly elevated in the insulin-treated patients receiving ponalrestat (antilog LS mean: 0.12 vs. 0.01 mmol/l, p = 0.01).	Ketones	14-20	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
1838062-1	1991	To determine whether Impaired Glucose Tolerance gives rise to additional defects in insulin action in lipid and ketone metabolism, thirty-two obese subjects were studied by low-dose incremental insulin infusion.	Ketones	112-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
1309686-0	1992	Inhibition of microsomal glucose 6-phosphatase by unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	86-93	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	25-46
1309686-1	1992	Aldehydes and ketones with one double bond conjugated to the carbonyl group inhibited the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase, which is embedded in the microsomal membrane.	Ketones	14-21	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	97-118
1612560-3	1992	Under the suppression of endogenous glucagon secretion by constant infusion of somatostatin (100 micrograms/kg/h), high dose VP showed 25% increase in PG levels and 30% reduction of ketone body levels for the subsequent VP infusion for 1.5 hour.	Ketones	182-188	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	125-127
1593797-5	1992	Urinary NAG and BMG concentrations were also increased in patients with non-diabetic ketoacidosis, suggesting a toxic effect of ketone bodies to renal tubular cells.	Ketones	128-134	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	8-11
1593797-5	1992	Urinary NAG and BMG concentrations were also increased in patients with non-diabetic ketoacidosis, suggesting a toxic effect of ketone bodies to renal tubular cells.	Ketones	128-134	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	16-19
1748258-9	1991	Other fuels (amino acids, lipids, and ketones) are regulated by circulating insulin and have deleterious effects on fetal development.	Ketones	38-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
1748273-6	1991	This condition benefits the offspring in two ways: 1) enhanced LPL activity in maternal liver when fasting increases triglyceride consumption for ketone body synthesis, giving the basis for accelerated starvation; and 2) induction of LPL activity in the mammary gland before parturition diverts maternal circulating triglycerides to milk synthesis in preparation for lactation.	Ketones	146-152	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
1787195-9	1991	Concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin in plasma were increased by butanediol, which is a potent ketone body precursor.	Ketones	109-115	insulin	Bos taurus	43-50
1837511-5	1991	Linear dose-response relationships (p less than 0.005) for circulating immunoreactive insulin (log) vs metabolite concentrations were demonstrated by analysis of variance for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glycerol, and total ketone bodies.	Ketones	239-245	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
1943742-0	1991	Effect of physiological concentrations of insulin and glucagon on the relationship between nonesterified fatty acids availability and ketone body production in humans.	Ketones	134-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
1858038-3	1991	Using either H4IIe rat hepatoma cells or rat hepatocytes in primary culture, we tested the hypothesis that interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1 alpha) would modulate CPT transcription (CPT mRNA), CPT translation (35S-methionine CPT protein incorporation), and hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of 1-Carbon 14-labeled (14C) palmitate to ketone bodies (acid soluble products).	Ketones	323-329	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	107-126
1858038-3	1991	Using either H4IIe rat hepatoma cells or rat hepatocytes in primary culture, we tested the hypothesis that interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1 alpha) would modulate CPT transcription (CPT mRNA), CPT translation (35S-methionine CPT protein incorporation), and hepatic mitochondrial oxidation of 1-Carbon 14-labeled (14C) palmitate to ketone bodies (acid soluble products).	Ketones	323-329	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
2051233-0	1991	Effects of diet and ketones on rat pancreatic lipase in cultured acinar cells.	Ketones	20-27	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
1806482-3	1991	Ketone body production increases during acute growth hormone excess as a result of increased NEFA concentrations; similarly, the increase in serum triglycerides may be explained by an increase in substrate (NEFA) supply to the liver for VLDL production.	Ketones	0-6	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	46-60
1810020-1	1991	Ketone bodies and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) inhibit insulin stimulated glucose uptake in muscle in-vitro.	Ketones	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
1810020-3	1991	The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ketone bodies on insulin mediated forearm glucose metabolism independent of the changes in the plasma NEFA levels.	Ketones	51-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
1996629-6	1991	We conclude that 1) the capacity of IGF-I infusion to stimulate glucose uptake is maintained in spontaneously diabetic BB rats that are insulin resistant, and 2) IGF-I infusion suppresses elevated glucose production rates and plasma ketone concentrations in diabetic rats but is relatively ineffective in nondiabetic rats.	Ketones	233-239	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
1788198-4	1991	A decrease in the insulin dependent rate of glucose utilization by tissues depended neither on sex and age of the patients, nor on a period of disease, body mass, daily requirement in insulin, the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and ketone bodies.	Ketones	238-244	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
2056898-8	1991	However, plasma FFA and ketone body levels were still maintained or even elevated, suggesting that fat is supplied as fuel during swimming exercise in this infection.	Ketones	24-30	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
2083575-1	1990	Injections of 50 microU insulin into the ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei (VMH) in intact sheep decreased the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1-acetate into CO2, glucose, ketone bodies, and increased the rates into triglyceride and phospholipids in rumen epithelium of sheep.	Ketones	170-176	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	24-31
1781304-7	1991	At P14 and P21, the calculated amount of oxygen used by the brain for the oxidation of ketone bodies was twice as high in barbiturate- as in saline-treated rats and reached values of 47 and 16% respectively in phenobarbital-exposed animals.	Ketones	87-93	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
1781304-7	1991	At P14 and P21, the calculated amount of oxygen used by the brain for the oxidation of ketone bodies was twice as high in barbiturate- as in saline-treated rats and reached values of 47 and 16% respectively in phenobarbital-exposed animals.	Ketones	87-93	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
32796938-6	2020	We further show that the NAC catalyst is versatile for dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene and tetrahydroquinoline as well as for hydrogenation of common unsaturated functionalities, including ketone, alkene, alkyne, and nitro groups.	Ketones	189-195	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	25-28
2291591-6	1990	The diagnosis of hyperinsulinism rests on four criteria: the presence of increased insulin levels in the face of hypoglycemia, the low urinary excretion of ketone bodies during hypoglycemic episodes, the need for more than 15/mg/kg/min glucose to maintain the serum glucose level above 2 mmol/l, and a positive response to glucagon.	Ketones	156-162	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
2250379-0	1990	[The changes in hepatic hemodynamics and hepatic energy charge (blood ketone body ratio) induced by vasopressin infusion in chronic liver disease].	Ketones	70-76	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	100-111
2250379-1	1990	We evaluated the changes in the hepatic hemodynamics and blood ketone body ratio (KBR) induced by vasopressin in 40 patients with chronic liver diseases to clarify the effect of hepatic blood flow on hepatic energy charge expressed by KBR.	Ketones	63-69	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	98-109
2296031-4	1990	Initial inhibition of elastase was greater when trifluoromethyl ketone 9f was added from a stock solution of dimethyl sulfoxide than when it had been buffer-equilibrated prior to assay, which suggests that the nonhydrated ketone is the more effective form of the inhibitor.	Ketones	64-70	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	22-30
33970959-2	2021	Ciprofloxacin (CP) makes efficient bondings to Tb3+ ion as a linker molecule through carboxylic and ketone groups to form a kind of lanthanide coordination polymer.	Ketones	100-106	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	0-13
33970959-2	2021	Ciprofloxacin (CP) makes efficient bondings to Tb3+ ion as a linker molecule through carboxylic and ketone groups to form a kind of lanthanide coordination polymer.	Ketones	100-106	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	15-17
33762273-2	2021	The enzyme, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is important in the breakdown of medium chain fats into acetyl-CoA to produce ketones.	Ketones	126-133	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain	Homo sapiens	12-47
2171641-1	1990	During the course of a reducing reaction using ketyl radicals generated from ketone photoreduction with ultraviolet light, a photoinduced chemical modification of the chromophore group in myeloperoxidase has been found.	Ketones	77-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	188-203
2345391-6	1990	The plasma insulin activity was positively correlated significantly with the arterial ketone body ratio (Y = 0.98 + 0.76X; r = 0.76).	Ketones	86-92	insulin	Homo sapiens	11-18
2345391-9	1990	Our results suggest that the quantity of glucose load and insulin activity should be considered when arterial ketone body ratio is measured during the operation.	Ketones	110-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
2306279-5	1990	In contrast, the B/A ratio decreased in parallel with inhibition of ketone body production when alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited.	Ketones	68-74	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-117
2205090-2	1990	Ketone bodies and glucose were negatively correlated throughout the day, but the insulin elevations culminated before the maximal effects on ketone bodies and glucose were established.	Ketones	0-6	insulin	Bos taurus	81-88
2205090-2	1990	Ketone bodies and glucose were negatively correlated throughout the day, but the insulin elevations culminated before the maximal effects on ketone bodies and glucose were established.	Ketones	141-147	insulin	Bos taurus	81-88
33778252-4	2021	The sensor array is composed of pH indicators and aniline dyes from classical spot tests, which enabled molecular recognition of a variety of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids as demonstrated by hierarchical clustering and principal component analyses.	Ketones	153-160	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	32-34
33032112-5	2021	Using micro-ATR-FTIR, oxidative radiolytic alteration of coal was identified in halos, with oxidisation to alcohols, ketones and carboxyl groups, which were then converted to COO- ions bound to the cations present, including UO22+.	Ketones	117-124	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	12-15
26045367-9	2015	The gene ACAT1 together with ACADS indulges in ketone metabolism.	Ketones	47-53	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
26045367-9	2015	The gene ACAT1 together with ACADS indulges in ketone metabolism.	Ketones	47-53	acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain	Homo sapiens	29-34
34710447-5	2022	Moreover, the XPS and ATR-FTIR results elucidated that the oxidation patterns under the exposure conditions followed from ketone/aldehyde formation to carboxylate groups (carboxylic acid/ester).	Ketones	122-128	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	22-25
10796071-10	1999	This opens the possibility that mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase and CPT-II retain some control of ketone body formation.	Ketones	97-103	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-73
34860594-7	2022	SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase blood ketone bodies.	Ketones	45-51	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
34799160-5	2022	After analyses using in-situ plasma diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was found that most of C11 were degraded to CO2, and the main by-products on catalyst surfaces were alcohols and ketones.	Ketones	254-261	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4	Homo sapiens	164-167
34913499-7	2022	PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Raspberry ketone (RK) has been used for weight control for years, but this effect is controversial considering food intake.	Ketones	34-40	ribokinase	Homo sapiens	42-44
34776532-2	2022	To investigate the effect of geometry and to find the significance of an enol form if any in DNPZ on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, we changed the tetrahedral geometry of DNPZ to planar trigonal pyramidal geometry by replacing the alpha-carbon atom next to ketone functionality with a nitrogen atom.	Ketones	266-272	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	101-121
34957519-5	2022	Recent evidence has shed new light on the role of ketone bodies in regulating several anti-inflammation cellular pathways and improving glucose metabolism, insulin action, and synaptic plasticity, thereby being neuroprotective.	Ketones	50-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
34870288-0	2021	(Mes-B-TMP)+ borinium cation initiated cyanosilylation and catalysed hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes.	Ketones	88-95	epithelial membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	7-10
34870288-2	2021	As the HMDS-substituted one underwent methyl migration from silicon to boron transforming the putative borinium ion to a silylium ion, (Mes-B-TMP)+ can initiate cyanosilylation and catalyse hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes.	Ketones	209-216	epithelial membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
34510212-4	2021	OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare an exogenous medical food ketone formulation (KF) with placebo for the dietary management of AS.	Ketones	58-64	arylformamidase	Homo sapiens	78-80
34879839-5	2021	Ketone bodies not only serve as fuel but also promote resistance to oxidative and inflammatory stress, and there is a decrease in anabolic insulin-dependent energy expenditure.	Ketones	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
34879839-8	2021	Oxidative stress induced by ketone body metabolism is beneficial in the long term because it initiates an adaptive (hormetic) response characterized by the activation of the master regulators of cell-protective mechanism, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuins, and AMP-activated kinase.	Ketones	28-34	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	222-265
34879839-8	2021	Oxidative stress induced by ketone body metabolism is beneficial in the long term because it initiates an adaptive (hormetic) response characterized by the activation of the master regulators of cell-protective mechanism, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuins, and AMP-activated kinase.	Ketones	28-34	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	267-271
34879839-12	2021	We conclude that the increased synthesis and use of ketone bodies as ancillary fuel during periods of deficient food supply and low insulin levels causes oxidative stress in the mitochondria and that the latter initiates a protective (hormetic) response which allows cells to cope with increased oxidative stress and lower energy availability.	Ketones	52-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-139
34891124-1	2022	beta-Hydroxybutyl acid (betaOHB), the most prevalent type of ketone in the human body, is involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders, especially Alzheimer"s dementia (AD), through a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing mitochondrial metabolism, regulating signaling molecule, increasing histone acetylation, affecting the metabolism of Abeta and Tau proteins, inhibiting inflammation and lipid metabolism, and regulating intestinal microbes.	Ketones	61-67	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	349-354
34891124-1	2022	beta-Hydroxybutyl acid (betaOHB), the most prevalent type of ketone in the human body, is involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders, especially Alzheimer"s dementia (AD), through a variety of mechanisms, such as enhancing mitochondrial metabolism, regulating signaling molecule, increasing histone acetylation, affecting the metabolism of Abeta and Tau proteins, inhibiting inflammation and lipid metabolism, and regulating intestinal microbes.	Ketones	61-67	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	359-362
34865514-5	2022	There was clear FGF21 staining in diseased cardiomyocytes, and circulating FGF21 levels negatively correlated with the expression of cardiac genes involved in ketone metabolism, consistent with cardiac FGF21 signaling.	Ketones	159-165	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	75-80
34860488-5	2021	For instance, the MOF photocatalysts can catalyze the asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee), better than the reported photocatalyst.	Ketones	87-94	lysine acetyltransferase 8	Homo sapiens	18-21
34786500-9	2021	Meanwhile, the expression of proteins associated with synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, butanoate metabolism, and citrate cycle signaling transduction pathway were upregulated in the group with starter diet supplementation, including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGCS2, fold change (FC) = 1.93), 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 1 (BDH1, FC = 1.91), and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1, FC = 8.12).	Ketones	83-89	hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	292-298
34917032-2	2021	Initial studies reported that it was increased by fasting and the associated increase in ketones, but more recent work points to the importance of dietary protein and sensing of essential amino acids in FGF21 regulation.	Ketones	89-96	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	203-208
34254872-5	2021	SLC16A1 is a member of the SLC family, participating in the transport of lactate, pyruvate, amino acids, ketone bodies, etc.	Ketones	105-111	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
34787843-1	2021	Substituted tetralones such as 3,3,6,8-tetramethyl-1-tetralone undergo photoenolization to produce a photoenol excited state with a lifetime around ~ 3 mus, which involves the carbonyl triplet state of the ketone (tau ~ 1.9 ns), as a precursor; the excited photoenol also has biradical character and is useful for the fast synthesis of gold nanostructures.	Ketones	206-212	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	214-217
34732847-9	2022	Enzymes for ketone body catabolism (Scot) and citrate cycle (Cs, Idh3a), and a marker of regenerating muscle (myogenin) were also upregulated via increased KLB expression.	Ketones	12-18	klotho beta	Mus musculus	156-159
34753480-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicated that sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT)2 inhibition increases levels of ketone bodies in the blood in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes.	Ketones	110-116	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	49-78
34753480-4	2021	In our study we assessed whether the SGLT 2 inhibition with empagliflozin increases ketone bodies in patients with stable CHF and whether such an increase impairs BP and vascular function.	Ketones	84-90	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
34612610-3	2021	Standard treatment for Glut1 deficiency syndrome is the ketogenic diet that decreases the demand for brain glucose by supplying ketones as alternative fuel.	Ketones	128-135	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
34318973-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Dapagliflozin prevented the progression of diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting cellular senescence and oxidative stress via ketone-induced NRF2 activation.	Ketones	139-145	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	154-158
34116232-4	2021	METHODS: Using targeted and isotope tracing high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, dual stable isotope tracer nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolic flux modeling, and complementary physiological approaches in novel cell type-specific knockout mice, we quantified the roles of hepatocyte D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH1), a mitochondrial enzyme required for NAD+/NADH-dependent oxidation/reduction of ketone bodies.	Ketones	447-453	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	361-365
34116232-10	2021	While liver BDH1 is not required for whole body equilibration of AcAc and D-betaOHB, loss of the ability to interconvert these ketone bodies in hepatocytes results in impaired TCA cycle flux and glucose production.	Ketones	127-133	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	12-16
34116232-11	2021	Therefore, through oxidation/reduction of ketone bodies, BDH1 is a significant contributor to hepatic mitochondrial redox, liver physiology, and organism-wide ketone body homeostasis.	Ketones	42-48	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	57-61
34647730-3	2021	(UO2(OTf)2) reduces a series of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones into their corresponding alcohols with moderate to excellent yields, using iPrOH as a solvent and a reductant.	Ketones	69-76	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	1-10
34605026-14	2021	Ketone supplements containing beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) reduce postprandial hyperglycaemia, which may increase CBF and BDNF, thereby protecting against obesity-related cognitive dysfunction.	Ketones	0-6	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	125-129
34635437-8	2021	The overwhelming propionate in blood also stimulated ketone production from the increased fatty acid oxidation in Pcca-/-(A138T) liver by lowering malonyl-CoA, which has been observed in cases where metabolic decompensation occurs in PA patients.	Ketones	53-59	propionyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	114-118
34116232-11	2021	Therefore, through oxidation/reduction of ketone bodies, BDH1 is a significant contributor to hepatic mitochondrial redox, liver physiology, and organism-wide ketone body homeostasis.	Ketones	159-165	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	57-61
34697809-2	2022	This study aimed to identify factors associated with ketone concentrations in SGLT2i-treated type 2 diabetes compared with non-SGLT2i-treated diabetes, and those with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and normoglycaemia.	Ketones	53-59	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
34697809-2	2022	This study aimed to identify factors associated with ketone concentrations in SGLT2i-treated type 2 diabetes compared with non-SGLT2i-treated diabetes, and those with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and normoglycaemia.	Ketones	53-59	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	127-132
34697809-6	2022	RESULTS: In SGLT2i-treated diabetes, BMI (rho = -0.43 (95% confidence interval: -0.67, -0.11)) and duration since last SGLT2i dose (rho = -0.33 (-0.60, 0.00)) correlated negatively with increasing ketones, but there was no correlation with fasting duration.	Ketones	197-204	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
34697809-6	2022	RESULTS: In SGLT2i-treated diabetes, BMI (rho = -0.43 (95% confidence interval: -0.67, -0.11)) and duration since last SGLT2i dose (rho = -0.33 (-0.60, 0.00)) correlated negatively with increasing ketones, but there was no correlation with fasting duration.	Ketones	197-204	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
34499623-4	2021	Therefore, we hypothesized that the biosynthesis of the most physiologically abundant ketone body, beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB), would be autophagy dependent, and exert vasodilatory effects via its canonical receptor, Gpr109a.	Ketones	86-92	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2	Homo sapiens	219-226
34579104-6	2021	The aim of the study was to determine the role of BuChE in the changes caused after treatment with EGCG and ketone bodies on the levels of body fat and inflammation state in MS patients.	Ketones	108-114	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	50-55
34624592-2	2021	Here, we demonstrate decreased expression of the HMGCS2 gene in ccRCC, a critical enzyme for the synthesis of the ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB).	Ketones	114-120	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2	Homo sapiens	49-55
34682257-6	2021	Ant-inhabited domatia were dominated by ketones with 2-heptanone, a well-known ant alarm semiochemical, as the most abundant volatile.	Ketones	40-47	solute carrier family 25 member 6	Homo sapiens	0-3
34606529-7	2021	Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed using total area under the curve to determine the change in hepcidin and ferritin over time after consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement and placebo.	Ketones	180-186	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	113-121
34606529-8	2021	Results: Consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement significantly elevated blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate from 0.20 mmol L-1 at baseline to 3.50 mmol L-1 at 30 minutes (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for the duration of the trial.	Ketones	38-44	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	131-134
34606529-8	2021	Results: Consumption of the exogenous ketone supplement significantly elevated blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate from 0.20 mmol L-1 at baseline to 3.50 mmol L-1 at 30 minutes (p < 0.05) and remained significantly elevated for the duration of the trial.	Ketones	38-44	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	160-163
34606529-9	2021	The total area under the curve of hepcidin was 340.5 +- 121.1 ng mL-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 343.2 +- 119.6 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.91).	Ketones	90-96	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	34-42
34606529-10	2021	The total area under the curve of ferritin was 786.7 +- 129.1 ng mL-1 min-1 after the exogenous ketone supplementation as compared with 776.9 +- 131.4 ng mL-1 min-1 after the use of placebo (p = 0.10).	Ketones	96-102	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	65-69
34334612-21	2021	In type 1 diabetes, and ketones were in the same range as those without diabetes, insulin volumes were considerably reduced, and glucose control was close to physiological: nutritional ketosis is not a risk factor for diabetic ketoacidosis; consumption of sugar for energy is not required for distances of up to 100 miles in keto-adapted people; people who inject insulin do not necessarily need to consume carbohydrates unless rescuing a hypoglycaemic attack.	Ketones	24-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	364-371
34274528-2	2021	With the availability of purified insulin, its physiological role for the regulation of blood glucose and ketones was established; its amino acid sequence was determined, and its structure was solved.	Ketones	106-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
34765501-4	2021	Insulin therapy, to halt the ketone production, in DKA has undergone wide variations in dose and preparation since its discovery.	Ketones	29-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
34479615-2	2021	The protective effects of C8 and C10 have been proposed to be driven by hepatic production of ketone bodies.	Ketones	94-100	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 6	Mus musculus	33-36
34549134-1	2021	Palladium/BuAd2P efficiently catalyzed the direct alpha-arylation of ketone in the anti-Alzheimer"s disease drug donepezil, leading to 15 aryldonepezil analogues exhibiting high selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Ketones	69-75	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	202-222
34549134-1	2021	Palladium/BuAd2P efficiently catalyzed the direct alpha-arylation of ketone in the anti-Alzheimer"s disease drug donepezil, leading to 15 aryldonepezil analogues exhibiting high selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).	Ketones	69-75	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	224-228
34356388-10	2021	Thus, modest upregulation of ketone bodies in diabetic hearts may protect the heart through the upregulation of Trx1.	Ketones	29-35	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	112-116
34502304-6	2021	In a human fibroblast-based microtubule sensitivity test, only the KL1 human katanin family member showed activation by both ketone bodies.	Ketones	125-131	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	67-70
34502304-7	2021	In primary cultured colon epithelial cells, these ketone bodies reduced the tau protein level and induced KL1- and alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1)-dependent micronucleation.	Ketones	50-56	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	76-79
34502304-7	2021	In primary cultured colon epithelial cells, these ketone bodies reduced the tau protein level and induced KL1- and alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1)-dependent micronucleation.	Ketones	50-56	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	106-109
34502304-7	2021	In primary cultured colon epithelial cells, these ketone bodies reduced the tau protein level and induced KL1- and alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1)-dependent micronucleation.	Ketones	50-56	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	115-148
34502304-7	2021	In primary cultured colon epithelial cells, these ketone bodies reduced the tau protein level and induced KL1- and alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1)-dependent micronucleation.	Ketones	50-56	alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
34359069-1	2021	K(CpFe(CO)2) and (NEt4)(CpFe(CO)2) enabled highly efficient hydrosilylation of ketones and aldehydes with PhSiH3 to synthesize tris- and bis(alkoxy)silanes in excellent yields depending on the substituents on the carbonyl compounds.	Ketones	79-86	tetraspanin 5	Homo sapiens	18-22
34448973-1	2021	BACKGROUND: SGLT2 inhibitors increase plasma ketone concentrations.	Ketones	45-51	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 2	Mus musculus	12-17
34539234-1	2021	In this article, we describe simple one-pot syntheses of 2H-1,3-benzoxazines from ketones utilizing an imino-pyridine directing group (R1R2-C=N-CH2-Pyr), which promotes a Cu-directed sp2 hydroxylation using H2O2 as oxidant and followed by an oxidative intramolecular C-O bond formation upon addition of NEt3.	Ketones	82-89	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	183-186
34539234-1	2021	In this article, we describe simple one-pot syntheses of 2H-1,3-benzoxazines from ketones utilizing an imino-pyridine directing group (R1R2-C=N-CH2-Pyr), which promotes a Cu-directed sp2 hydroxylation using H2O2 as oxidant and followed by an oxidative intramolecular C-O bond formation upon addition of NEt3.	Ketones	82-89	tetraspanin 2	Homo sapiens	303-307
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	17-20
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	125-129
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	155-159
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	170-181
34433044-5	2021	Mechanistically, HPD silencing reduces ketone bodies, which regulate the proliferative and metabolic phenotypes via the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6 kinase pathway and mTOR-dependent glutaminase (GLS) activation.	Ketones	39-45	glutaminase	Homo sapiens	183-186
34087430-2	2021	TNFalpha, which plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of IBDs, has been reported to inhibit production of ketone bodies such as beta-hydroxybutyrate (betaHB).	Ketones	110-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-8
34485115-3	2021	Here, we investigate the role of Acy1 Coenzyme A Acyltransferases1 (ACAT1), a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of ketone bodies, in the proliferation and metastasis of NPC and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.	Ketones	117-123	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
34102188-4	2021	The monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) constitute a family of 14 members among which MCT1-4 are responsible for transporting monocarboxylates such as l-lactate and pyruvate, and ketone bodies across the plasma membrane.	Ketones	179-185	solute carrier family 16 member 14	Homo sapiens	86-92
33875090-10	2021	The findings indicate that the application of nano-insulin pump in children with DKA had a significant effect and could quickly and obviously correct the levels of blood glucose and ketone body in children.	Ketones	182-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
34528884-0	2021	beta-Hydroxybutyrate, One of the Three Main Ketone Bodies, Ameliorates Acute Pancreatitis in Rats by Suppressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway.	Ketones	44-50	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
34250527-1	2021	Transketolase (TK) is a fundamentally important enzyme in industrial biocatalysis which carries out a stereospecific carbon-carbon bond formation, and is widely used in the synthesis of prochiral ketones.	Ketones	196-203	transketolase	Thermotoga maritima MSB8	0-13
34250527-1	2021	Transketolase (TK) is a fundamentally important enzyme in industrial biocatalysis which carries out a stereospecific carbon-carbon bond formation, and is widely used in the synthesis of prochiral ketones.	Ketones	196-203	transketolase	Thermotoga maritima MSB8	15-17
34078894-0	2021	Highly selective and robust single-atom catalyst Ru1/NC for reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones.	Ketones	93-100	Scm like with four mbt domains 1	Homo sapiens	49-55
34172319-8	2021	Concomitant decreases in non-esterified fatty acids (-34%) and increases in ketone bodies (20%) were associated with induction of hepatic CPT1-alpha.	Ketones	76-82	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A	Rattus norvegicus	138-148
34232412-6	2021	Studies modulating HKDC1 protein expression in pregnant mice demonstrate that HKDC1 has roles in whole-body glucose utilization and nutrient balance, with liver-specific HKDC1 influencing insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, gluconeogenesis, and ketone production.	Ketones	249-255	hexokinase domain containing 1	Mus musculus	170-175
34209554-3	2021	Raspberry ketone-mediated activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) stands out as one of its main modes of action.	Ketones	10-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-88
34209554-3	2021	Raspberry ketone-mediated activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) stands out as one of its main modes of action.	Ketones	10-16	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	90-100
34075925-0	2021	Designed pincer ligand supported Co(II)-based catalysts for dehydrogenative activation of alcohols: Studies on N-alkylation of amines, alpha-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of quinolines.	Ketones	155-162	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	33-39
34194700-7	2021	The optimised chemo-bio catalysts are then used to supply NADH to an alcohol dehydrogenase for enantioselective (>99% ee) ketone reductions, leading to high cofactor turnover numbers and Pd and NAD+ reductase activities of 441 h-1 and 2347 h-1, respectively.	Ketones	122-128	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	69-90
35450526-4	2022	The generated ketone bodies decrease glutamate release by inhibiting the Vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and alters the transmembrane potential by hyperpolarization.	Ketones	14-20	solute carrier family 17 member 7	Homo sapiens	73-106
35398259-8	2022	Moreover, AKR1C1 had the characteristic of reducing aliphatic ketones and all-trans-retinal.	Ketones	62-69	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1	Homo sapiens	10-16
35421611-7	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds new knowledge to the field of ketone body metabolism and shows that Hmgcs2-mediated ketogenesis modulates hepatic lipid regulation under a fat-enriched nutritional environment.	Ketones	58-64	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	96-102
35352108-10	2022	Furthermore, we here provide evidence that the highly upregulated ketone body during fasting metabolism, BHB, directly downregulates LEAP2 levels.	Ketones	66-72	liver enriched antimicrobial peptide 2	Homo sapiens	133-138
35579659-7	2022	Only Ctrp11-KO female mice have significantly higher fasting serum ketones and reduced physical activity.	Ketones	67-74	complement component 1, q subcomponent-like 4	Mus musculus	5-11
35606894-8	2022	In receptor binding studies using (3 H)ifenprodil as radioligand ketone, 22m showed the highest GluN2B affinity (Ki  = 88 nM).	Ketones	65-71	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	96-102
35543349-7	2022	Furthermore, liver metabolomics based on UPLC-QTOF/MS demonstrated that oral administration of GAA had a significant regulatory effect on the composition of liver metabolites in mice exposed to alcohol intake, especially the levels of the biomarkers involved in the metabolic pathways of riboflavin metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, fructose and mannose metabolism.	Ketones	472-478	glucosidase, alpha, acid	Mus musculus	95-98
35535493-2	2022	Using a genetic screen in haploid human cells, we discovered that the enantiospecific cytotoxicity of numerous terminal alkynylcarbinols, including the highly cytotoxic dialkynylcarbinols, involves a bioactivation by HSD17B11, a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) known to oxidize the C-17 carbinol center of androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol to the corresponding ketone.	Ketones	368-374	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	217-225
35293041-3	2022	This copper-mediated ketonization system was applicable for the synthesis of not only gluconic acid-derived ketone 6 as a synthetic intermediate in the transformation to canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, but also thiolactol 8 , a valuable synthetic intermediate for (+)-biotin.	Ketones	108-114	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	188-193
35394270-6	2022	With the temperature increased from low to high during CS/WP pyrolysis, the primary sequential response of VOCs (acids   phenols/esters   alcohols/ethers/aldehydes/ketones   hydrocarbons/aromatics) corresponded to the RFG response (hydroxyl groups   -CH3/-CH2-/-CH groups   aliphatic ethers and conjugated ketones).	Ketones	164-171	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	55-60
35394270-6	2022	With the temperature increased from low to high during CS/WP pyrolysis, the primary sequential response of VOCs (acids   phenols/esters   alcohols/ethers/aldehydes/ketones   hydrocarbons/aromatics) corresponded to the RFG response (hydroxyl groups   -CH3/-CH2-/-CH groups   aliphatic ethers and conjugated ketones).	Ketones	306-313	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	55-60
35273875-1	2022	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, T2) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism that is characterized by impaired metabolism of ketones and isoleucine.	Ketones	159-166	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-17
35388394-1	2022	Using a visible-light photoredox catalysis strategy with household decorative blue LEDs and the additives Et3N and DIPEA, as well as the subsequent hydrolysis sequence, a mild one-pot process for the direct transformation of nitroalkanes to the corresponding ketones and aldehydes, constituting a Nef-like reaction, has been developed.	Ketones	259-266	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	297-300
35327313-5	2022	Fluorescence-quenching analysis results indicated that the enzymatic treatment generally increased the quenching constant (Ksv) between the treated MP and ketones but decreased the Ksv between the treated MP and aldehydes, and the papain treatment changed the Ksv value to a larger degree than treatment with proteinase K and bromelain.	Ketones	155-162	endogenous retrovirus group K member 25	Homo sapiens	309-319
35120993-1	2022	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to increase ketone bodies in patients with type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.	Ketones	78-84	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-30
35120993-1	2022	Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to increase ketone bodies in patients with type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated.	Ketones	78-84	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
35224990-6	2022	Mice with kidney-specific Hmgcs2 deletion showed a minor, likely physiologically insignificant, decrease in circulating ketones during fasting.	Ketones	120-127	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	26-32
35224990-8	2022	Together, these findings indicate that renal HMGCS2 does not significantly contribute to global ketone production and that during fasting, the increase in circulating ketones is solely dependent on hepatic HMGCS2.	Ketones	167-174	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	45-51
35224990-8	2022	Together, these findings indicate that renal HMGCS2 does not significantly contribute to global ketone production and that during fasting, the increase in circulating ketones is solely dependent on hepatic HMGCS2.	Ketones	167-174	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A synthase 2	Mus musculus	206-212
34985712-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a key enzyme catalyzing the production of mitochondrial ketone bodies.	Ketones	108-114	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	12-40
34985712-1	2022	BACKGROUND: Acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) is a key enzyme catalyzing the production of mitochondrial ketone bodies.	Ketones	108-114	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
35181202-6	2022	However, the activity of two major transcription factors, GR and PPARalpha, is downregulated in hepatocytes, leading to the accumulation and toxicity of metabolites that, moreover, fail to be transformed into useful molecules such as glucose and ketones.	Ketones	246-253	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-74
35273875-1	2022	Beta-ketothiolase (mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, T2) deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism that is characterized by impaired metabolism of ketones and isoleucine.	Ketones	159-166	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	19-57
2513232-0	1989	Augmented production of platelet-activating factor in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by ketone bodies.	Ketones	92-98	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	24-50
35432899-5	2022	We show that dynamic hydrazone bond can be formed between these hydrazide ligands and a ketone-functionalized Nile Red dye (NRK) in situ in model lipid membranes or nanoemulsion droplets.	Ketones	88-94	Nik related kinase	Homo sapiens	124-127
35115498-2	2022	Bdh1, as the rate-limiting enzyme of ketone metabolism, acts as an important metabolic regulator in liver.	Ketones	37-43	3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1	Mus musculus	0-4
35484734-7	2022	We found combining nano-sized oleanolic acid and lipid-lowering ketones can slow down the weight gain process in rats, reduce fasting blood glucose levels, increase the insulin sensitivity index, reduce the serum MDA, NO, and triglyceride content, and increase SOD, CAT activity.	Ketones	64-71	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	266-269
35041735-3	2022	It was found that these platinum thiolate complexes are efficient catalysts for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones at 65-75  C. Comparatively, the PBP complexes are more active than the corresponding POCOP complexes.	Ketones	117-124	dedicator of cytokinesis 3	Homo sapiens	157-160
35155918-7	2022	The developed method could be used for rapid, low-cost detection of ketones in patients with type 1 diabetes and DKA and patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or heart failure treated with SGLT2-I and euglycemic ketoacidosis.	Ketones	68-75	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	191-196
35046401-3	2022	This work aims to investigate the roles of mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzyme HADHA and its downstream ketone bodies in hepatic glucagon response.	Ketones	104-110	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha	Mus musculus	79-84
35046401-3	2022	This work aims to investigate the roles of mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzyme HADHA and its downstream ketone bodies in hepatic glucagon response.	Ketones	104-110	glucagon	Mus musculus	129-137
35046401-6	2022	Stable isotope tracing shows that HADHA promotes ketone body production via beta-oxidation.	Ketones	49-55	hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha	Mus musculus	34-39
35019739-1	2022	With more people being diagnosed with diabetes and requiring insulin therapy as they live longer, an increasing number of individuals are needing access to blood and ketone monitoring that is simple to use and provides accurate results.	Ketones	166-172	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
35071853-8	2022	Whereas the fragmentation process was dominant along with functionalization of -RCOOH or carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) and -RCOOH moieties during FP (fog period) and PoFP (post-fog period), respectively.	Ketones	108-114	zinc finger protein, FOG family member 1	Homo sapiens	147-150
34821394-6	2022	Distinct shifts in the expression of long-chain fatty acid oxidation enzymes and the tissue acyl-CoA profile of BTHS hearts suggest a specific block in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation upstream of the conventional matrix beta-oxidation cycle, which may be compensated for by a greater reliance upon peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and the catabolism of ketones, amino acids, and pyruvate to meet cardiac energy demands.	Ketones	356-363	tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase	Homo sapiens	112-116
2818637-6	1989	The effects of the ketones on cytochrome P-450 isozymes were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Ketones	19-26	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-46
2682134-0	1989	Effects of free fatty acids and ketone bodies on in vivo non-insulin-mediated glucose utilization and production in humans.	Ketones	32-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
2682134-1	1989	The current study was undertaken to examine the effect of an acute elevation of serum levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and ketone bodies (KB) on non-insulin-mediated glucose uptake (NIMGU) in humans.	Ketones	123-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
2554539-3	1989	Pre-exposure to these ketones enhanced DCB-induced increase in serum GLDH activity (8-63-fold), while the increases in cytochrome P-450 content (33-86%) and GST activity (42-64%) were identical to those resulting from exposure to ketones alone.	Ketones	22-29	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
2554539-6	1989	In mice, the 3 ketones mentioned above interacted with DCB on centrolobular liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) while acetone pre-exposure elicited an interactive G-6-Pase response in the mediolobular area alone, suggesting topographic change.	Ketones	15-22	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	82-103
2554539-6	1989	In mice, the 3 ketones mentioned above interacted with DCB on centrolobular liver glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) while acetone pre-exposure elicited an interactive G-6-Pase response in the mediolobular area alone, suggesting topographic change.	Ketones	15-22	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	105-113
2675847-0	1989	Purification and properties of a metyrapone-reducing enzyme from mouse liver microsomes--this ketone is reduced by an aldehyde reductase.	Ketones	94-100	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B7	Mus musculus	118-136
2684144-0	1989	Ketone bodies maintain normal cardiac function and myocardial high energy phosphates during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in vivo.	Ketones	0-6	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	92-99
2573502-10	1989	Also, reduction of aldehydes and ketones tended to be moderately slower by beta 2- than by beta 1-ADH.	Ketones	33-40	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	75-81
2573502-10	1989	Also, reduction of aldehydes and ketones tended to be moderately slower by beta 2- than by beta 1-ADH.	Ketones	33-40	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	91-101
2568818-8	1989	Thus, in brain the expression of ketone body enzyme activities is finely regulated by hormones and by agents that increase cAMP levels.	Ketones	33-39	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	123-127
2656298-1	1989	Renin inhibition has been evaluated for a new class of fluorinated ketones, true analogues of peptides that have been retroinverted at the C-terminal position.	Ketones	67-74	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
2691123-0	1989	Use of combined oral contraceptive preparations alters the insulin sensitivity of fatty acid and ketone metabolism.	Ketones	97-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
2691123-7	1989	The potency of insulin action in oral contraceptive users versus the luteal group was 0.47 (P less than 0.01) for NEFA and 0.38 (P less than 0.001) for total ketone bodies.	Ketones	158-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
2691123-8	1989	The results demonstrate, for the first time, in-vivo insulin resistance of NEFA and ketone bodies" metabolism induced by oral contraceptive use.	Ketones	84-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
2656157-3	1989	This review describes data on the roles of insulin, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones in the regulation of ketone body kinetics.	Ketones	110-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
2656157-4	1989	The data indicate that insulin lowers ketone body concentrations by three independent mechanisms: first, it inhibits lipolysis, and thus lowers free fatty acid availability for ketogenesis; second, it restrains ketone body production within the liver; third, it enhances peripheral ketone body utilization.	Ketones	38-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
2656157-4	1989	The data indicate that insulin lowers ketone body concentrations by three independent mechanisms: first, it inhibits lipolysis, and thus lowers free fatty acid availability for ketogenesis; second, it restrains ketone body production within the liver; third, it enhances peripheral ketone body utilization.	Ketones	211-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
2656157-4	1989	The data indicate that insulin lowers ketone body concentrations by three independent mechanisms: first, it inhibits lipolysis, and thus lowers free fatty acid availability for ketogenesis; second, it restrains ketone body production within the liver; third, it enhances peripheral ketone body utilization.	Ketones	211-217	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
2656157-11	1989	Thus, ketone body homeostasis in human subjects resulted from the interaction of hormones such as insulin, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones regulating lipolysis, intrahepatic ketogenesis, and peripheral ketone body utilization.	Ketones	6-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
2539126-3	1989	When oleic acid was the substrate, incubation with 1 to 30 microns Rp-cAMPS alone or 0.1 to 10 nM insulin alone caused a variable decrease in the production of ketones which did not exceed an average value of 30% in any one experiment.	Ketones	160-167	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
2669881-5	1989	Insulin-dependent tissues stop using glucose; the liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies, which increase about 100-fold in the fasting human; and the brain substitutes ketone bodies for more than one half of what would otherwise be an obligatory consumption of 100 to 150 g glucose per day in humans.	Ketones	80-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2669881-5	1989	Insulin-dependent tissues stop using glucose; the liver converts fatty acids to ketone bodies, which increase about 100-fold in the fasting human; and the brain substitutes ketone bodies for more than one half of what would otherwise be an obligatory consumption of 100 to 150 g glucose per day in humans.	Ketones	173-179	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
2742496-0	1989	The in vitro effects of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones on rat lung cytochrome P450-dependent alkoxyphenoxazone dealkylase activities.	Ketones	47-54	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-82
3219354-0	1988	Inhibition of cathepsin B by peptidyl aldehydes and ketones: slow-binding behavior of a trifluoromethyl ketone.	Ketones	52-59	cathepsin B	Homo sapiens	14-25
2909414-6	1989	The addition of the somatomedin inhibitor exacerbates the induction of malformations produced by the ketone body and glucose.	Ketones	101-107	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-31
2501372-3	1989	The lipid was well tolerated, but there were differences in the metabolic effects with a significantly greater increase in the plasma concentrations of glycerol and ketones during MCT/LCT infusion compared to LCT.	Ketones	165-172	lactase	Homo sapiens	184-187
2507790-8	1989	The coincidental finding of maximal CCl4-induced hepatic injury and elevation of microsomal xenobiotic activity within the same time frame following 2-butanol or 2-butanone supports the hypothesis that aliphatic alcohols and ketones potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity by enhancing biotransformation of the halocarbon to cytotoxic metabolites.	Ketones	225-232	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
2507790-8	1989	The coincidental finding of maximal CCl4-induced hepatic injury and elevation of microsomal xenobiotic activity within the same time frame following 2-butanol or 2-butanone supports the hypothesis that aliphatic alcohols and ketones potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity by enhancing biotransformation of the halocarbon to cytotoxic metabolites.	Ketones	225-232	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	244-248
3287950-4	1988	Low plasma FFA and low insulin concentrations resulted in total ketone body production of 0.70 +/- 0.18 mumol.kg-1.min-1 in group C (n = 7; P less than 0.01 vs. groups A and B).	Ketones	64-70	insulin	Homo sapiens	23-30
3132456-7	1988	Similar inhibition of cell respiration by VIP was observed when pyruvate, fructose, and dihydroxyacetone were used as substrates, while the oxidation of glutamine, ketone bodies, and octanoate was unaffected, suggesting that the peptide acts on pyruvate metabolism.	Ketones	164-170	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
3287950-0	1988	Fatty acid-independent inhibition of hepatic ketone body production by insulin in humans.	Ketones	45-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
3361304-1	1988	This work demonstrates that in vitro sciatic nerves of normal and trembler adult mice can use ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate) and butyrate for lipid synthesis.	Ketones	94-100	peripheral myelin protein 22	Mus musculus	66-74
3361304-4	1988	Lipid metabolism of ketone bodies in trembler nerves is altered and could reflect a process similar to Wallerian degeneration: a dramatic decrease of sterol and free fatty acid synthesis and an increased synthesis of triglycerides.	Ketones	20-26	peripheral myelin protein 22	Mus musculus	37-45
3285129-3	1988	Significant negative linear correlations were found between serum insulin and blood glucose, plasma nonesterified fatty acids, blood glycerol and blood total ketone bodies concentrations.	Ketones	158-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
3277033-7	1988	In order to test the hypothesis that ketone bodies are involved in the increase in cytochrome P-450j in the diabetic state, plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were monitored.	Ketones	37-43	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-100
3277033-10	1988	We conclude that cytochrome P-450j is induced in the livers of spontaneously diabetic rats, and that this induction may be associated directly or indirectly with elevated plasma ketone levels.	Ketones	178-184	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-34
3626864-1	1987	Most of the patients with carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase deficiency (CPT) show reduced levels of blood ketone bodies in the postabsorptive state.	Ketones	104-110	dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit	Homo sapiens	70-73
3422451-7	1988	The structure of the CPA-hydrated BBP complex provides support for a promoted-water hydrolytic mechanism, although it is not certain whether the enzyme has actually participated in the hydration reaction at the ketone carbonyl of BBP.	Ketones	211-217	carboxypeptidase A1	Homo sapiens	21-24
3342079-0	1988	Acute effects of the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, disulfiram, pargyline and cyanamide, on circulating ketone body levels in the rat.	Ketones	108-114	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
3280366-0	1988	Effect of insulin on ketone body clearance studied by a ketone body "clamp" technique in normal man.	Ketones	21-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
3280366-1	1988	The effect of elevated plasma insulin concentration (55 +/- 2 mU/l) on peripheral clearance and production of total ketone bodies was determined using 3-14C-acetoacetate tracer infusions.	Ketones	116-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
3280366-8	1988	Since the plasma insulin concentrations were within those observed in patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis, the data suggest that the antiketotic effect of insulin therapy results in part from an increase in peripheral ketone body disposal.	Ketones	225-231	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
3121857-2	1988	Spiro hydantoins derived from five- and six-membered ketones fused to an aromatic ring or ring system inhibit aldose reductase isolated from calf lens.	Ketones	53-60	aldose reductase	Bos taurus	110-126
30978793-5	1987	Heating whole milk for 12 h at 85 C did not produce oxysterols, but GC-MS analysis indicate that storage of whole milk lipids may have produced steroidal ketones.	Ketones	154-161	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	114-118
3802495-2	1987	Hb A1 values correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with a score index based on plasma glucose in a specimen collected after overnight fasting, and urinary glucose, and ketones in a 24-h specimen.	Ketones	175-182	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
3609498-3	1987	The purpose of this study was to determine whether an increase in blood concentration patterns of ketone bodies and lactic acid, organic acids often elevated in poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), could contribute to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) regardless of changes in circulating levels of glucose and insulin.	Ketones	98-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
2854994-3	1988	In addition, cytochrome P-450 catalyzes reductive reactions, including a recently discovered reaction in which organic hydroperoxides are cleaved to yield hydrocarbons and aldehydes or ketones.	Ketones	185-192	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	13-29
3552803-7	1987	In individual subjects the relationship of blood glucose, plasma NEFA, and blood total ketones (log scale) with the simultaneously occurring plasma insulin level (log scale) was linear for each metabolite.	Ketones	87-94	insulin	Homo sapiens	148-155
3821102-10	1987	The biosynthesis of Heard"s ketone, a non-phenolic ring-B aromatic C18 steroid, by horse placental microsomes was found to involve none of the four hydrogens at C-1 and C-2.	Ketones	28-34	complement C2	Equus caballus	169-172
2894307-4	1987	AAT patients usually excrete, in addition to the usual ketone bodies, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine; 2-methyl-acetoacetate may also be present.	Ketones	55-61	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
3303039-6	1987	These properties, coupled with the activity of CBR with a range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes, ketones and quinones, distinguish it from other AHRs.	Ketones	101-108	carbonyl reductase 1	Mus musculus	47-50
3788845-5	1986	Sera from diabetic animals containing somatomedin inhibitor bioactivity were also able to produce growth retardation and major developmental lesions in presence of amounts of glucose and ketones which of themselves were not teratogenic.	Ketones	187-194	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
3541787-3	1986	Typical of similar enzymes in other species, gerbil AR1 reduced aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and was inhibited by phenobarbital or valproate, whereas CR1 and CR2 catalyzed the reduction of aromatic aldehydes and ketones as well as quinones and were inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, mercuric chloride, or pyrazole.	Ketones	216-223	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	154-157
3543261-8	1986	Insulin seemed to be the major mechanism of regulation of glucose, FFA and ketone body metabolism since pancreatic production and arterial concentrations of insulin decreased with progressive fasting.	Ketones	75-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3543261-8	1986	Insulin seemed to be the major mechanism of regulation of glucose, FFA and ketone body metabolism since pancreatic production and arterial concentrations of insulin decreased with progressive fasting.	Ketones	75-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	157-164
3530857-2	1986	Proinsulin and insulin exerted a similar maximal inhibitory effect on ketone body formation from palmitate and on gluconeogenesis from pyruvate.	Ketones	70-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-10
3530857-2	1986	Proinsulin and insulin exerted a similar maximal inhibitory effect on ketone body formation from palmitate and on gluconeogenesis from pyruvate.	Ketones	70-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	3-10
3445286-0	1986	Stereoselective reduction of C-2 substituted steroid C-3 ketones with lithium tris-(R,S-1,2-dimethylpropyl)-borohydride and sodium borohydride.	Ketones	57-64	complement C2	Homo sapiens	29-32
3445286-0	1986	Stereoselective reduction of C-2 substituted steroid C-3 ketones with lithium tris-(R,S-1,2-dimethylpropyl)-borohydride and sodium borohydride.	Ketones	57-64	complement C3	Homo sapiens	53-56
3761315-0	1986	Role of the C-terminal carboxylate in angiotensin II activity: alcohol, ketone, and ester analogues of angiotensin II.	Ketones	72-78	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	38-52
3536539-2	1986	The injection of 50 microU insulin into the DHPC decreased the rates of 14C transfer from 14C-1-acetate into glucose and ketone bodies, and increased 14C transfer into cholesterol ester, triglyceride, free cholesterol and free fatty acids.	Ketones	121-127	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	27-34
24248017-6	1986	ADH converts the allyl alcohol to the lethal ketone.	Ketones	45-51	alcohol dehydrogenase	Ceratitis capitata	0-3
3090723-6	1986	GH also raised serum levels of free fatty acids and glycerol, increased urinary excretion of ketones, and favored fat oxidation in the postabsorptive state.	Ketones	93-100	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-2
3089123-3	1986	Nitrogen balance was significantly better when MCT/LCT was infused and the greater levels of plasma ketones and lower plasma triglyceride levels suggested that MCT was more readily metabolised in these patients.	Ketones	100-107	solute carrier family 16 member 1	Homo sapiens	160-163
3709811-2	1986	Glucagon and epinephrine stimulated [U-14C]palmitate oxidation to ketone bodies by 60 and 25% as early as at 1 h. The stimulatory effects were almost totally prevented by the simultaneous presence of vasopressin, phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate (TPA), or diacylglycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol).	Ketones	66-72	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	200-211
3522682-8	1986	Because effects of ketone infusion on net fluxes of fatty acids, acetoacetate, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were similar in normal and diabetic, insulin-treated sheep but were diminished or totally absent in diabetic, untreated animals, the mechanism of autoregulation of ketogenesis may be mediated at the insulin receptor or at the site of hepatic fatty acid uptake.	Ketones	19-25	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	303-310
3518640-3	1986	Significantly higher 24h mean blood lactate concentrations and lower total ketone bodies and glycerol concentrations were observed during treatment with human insulin.	Ketones	75-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
3955573-3	1986	Upon oxidation of the C-4 hydroxyl group and stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone 11, compound 8 of L-arabino configuration was converted into N-trifluoroacetyl-L-daunosamine (12) in a one-flask sequence with an overall yield of 28% calculated for 1.	Ketones	88-94	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	22-25
2869108-1	1986	The degradation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rat brain homogenates was studied in the presence of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-prolyl-prolinal and pyroglutamyl diazomethyl ketone, specific and potent active-site-directed inhibitors of prolyl endopeptidase and pyroglutamyl peptide hydrolase, respectively.	Ketones	170-176	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	19-48
3083200-3	1986	The predominant one, ALR1, is aldehyde reductase; ALR2 is aldose reductase, an enzyme implicated in the etiology of diabetic complications; and ALR3 is carbonyl reductase, the only reductase with any affinity for ketones.	Ketones	213-220	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B	Homo sapiens	50-54
3944260-2	1986	Ketone body inflow-outflow transport (flux) averaged 17.3 +/- 1.4 mumol kg-1 min-1 in the neonates, a value not different from that of 20.6 +/- 0.9 mumol kg-1 min-1 measured in the older infants.	Ketones	0-6	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	77-82
3699302-3	1986	In the post-absorptive state, the mean total ketone body appearance rate, determined in four subjects, was 3.74 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 using [3,4-13C2] acetoacetate and 2.76 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 using [3-13C]D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, values in agreement with those reported in studies with 14C-labelled tracers.	Ketones	45-51	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-132
3699302-3	1986	In the post-absorptive state, the mean total ketone body appearance rate, determined in four subjects, was 3.74 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 using [3,4-13C2] acetoacetate and 2.76 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 using [3-13C]D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, values in agreement with those reported in studies with 14C-labelled tracers.	Ketones	45-51	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	187-192
3709143-5	1986	Musk ketone gave challenge responses suggestive of a weak phototoxin and a weak contact sensitizer.	Ketones	5-11	muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
3944260-5	1986	Compared with the adult, however, ketone body turnover rates of 12.8-21.9 mumol kg-1 min-1 in newborns fasted for less than 8 h, and rates of 17.9-26.0 mumol kg-1 min-1 in older infants fasted for less than 10 h, were in a range found in adults only after several days of total fasting.	Ketones	34-40	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	85-90
6392097-1	1984	In seven healthy patients we studied the influence of various doses of insulin on the substrate concentration of free fatty acids and ketone bodies on the first day after major abdominal surgery by the glucose clamp technique.	Ketones	134-140	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
3913777-5	1985	It was assumed that hydrocarbons were first converted to (omega-1)-alcohols by microsomal enzyme system and then to corresponding ketones by alcohol dehydrogenase.	Ketones	130-137	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	141-162
4015835-2	1985	The reconstituted alcohol-P-450 oxygenase (APO) system containing P-450ALC and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, including methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, n-pentanol, and cyclohexanol.	Ketones	200-207	NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	79-111
3519651-0	1986	Effects of ketone bodies on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in man.	Ketones	11-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
3519651-1	1986	Using the euglycemic clamp technique, we investigated the effects of high ketone body levels on basal and insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in normal subjects.	Ketones	74-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
3981537-7	1985	Regioisomeric ketone 8, in which the acetyl group is at C-8, was formed in 3% yield and was similarly converted to the corresponding orvinols 17.	Ketones	14-20	homeobox C8	Homo sapiens	56-59
3990151-2	1985	Thus, hypoglycemia and suppressed lipolysis (low serum free fatty acid and blood ketone body concentrations) in the newborn infant are correlated with cord serum C-peptide and free insulin levels at birth.	Ketones	81-87	insulin	Homo sapiens	181-188
6389223-6	1984	To determine whether this small increase in insulin binding is responsible for the increased insulin sensitivity in the presence of the ketone, two mimickers of insulin action were used: a serum containing anti-insulin receptor antibodies and hydrogen peroxide.	Ketones	136-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	44-51
6440941-3	1984	Ketone body release into blood (UA + UB) in diabetic subjects was threefold higher than normal (mean +/- SD, 208 +/- 118 versus 81 +/- 66 mumol min-1 m-2) and in obese subjects the rate increased on starvation from 171 +/- 70 to 569 +/- 286 mumol min-1 m-2.	Ketones	0-6	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-149
6440941-3	1984	Ketone body release into blood (UA + UB) in diabetic subjects was threefold higher than normal (mean +/- SD, 208 +/- 118 versus 81 +/- 66 mumol min-1 m-2) and in obese subjects the rate increased on starvation from 171 +/- 70 to 569 +/- 286 mumol min-1 m-2.	Ketones	0-6	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	247-252
6392097-3	1984	Already the minimal infusion of 0.2 mU insulin/kg.bw.min lead to a significant decrease of free fatty acids and ketone bodies.	Ketones	112-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
6148207-0	1984	Metabolism of alcohol and ketone by cytochrome P-450 oxygenase: fluoren-9-ol in equilibrium with fluoren-9-one.	Ketones	26-32	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	36-52
6432502-7	1984	Our experience with this patient suggests that increased food consumption, insufficient insulin relative to an insulin-resistant state, and increased amounts of insulin counterregulatory hormones (stress), acted in concert to cause acidosis and increased ketone body formation.	Ketones	255-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
6093782-2	1984	The design rationale for a new series of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors which incorporate a ketone substituent into a peptide backbone is described.	Ketones	108-114	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	41-70
6093782-2	1984	The design rationale for a new series of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors which incorporate a ketone substituent into a peptide backbone is described.	Ketones	108-114	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	72-75
6376243-4	1984	In Type 1 diabetic subjects, treated with once or twice daily injections of insulin, morning serum levels of acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and total ketone bodies were significantly elevated by four-, ten- and sevenfold, respectively.	Ketones	151-157	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
6376243-7	1984	In addition, insulin treatment normalized fasting serum levels of ketone bodies better than diet or sulphonylurea treatment.	Ketones	66-72	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
6575014-9	1983	Oxidation of the hydroxyl group at C-15 to a ketone abolished the mitogenic effect, while methyl ether formation led to only a slight loss of activity.	Ketones	45-51	placenta-specific 8	Mus musculus	35-39
6409465-5	1983	Insulin corrects DKA largely via suppression of lipolysis (and thus ketone body production); insulin suppresses glucose production at lower levels than it does ketone body production.	Ketones	68-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6397229-0	1984	Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes: reduction of aldehydes and ketones.	Ketones	71-78	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	12-33
6376544-18	1984	To summarize: (a) Ketone bodies decrease endogenous glucose production via an insulin-dependent mechanism; in addition, ketones probably exert a direct inhibitory action on gluconeogenesis.	Ketones	18-24	insulin	Sus scrofa	78-85
6376030-7	1984	On active treatment, insulin levels rose coincident with a fall in fasting blood glucose and an improvement in glucose tolerance and near-normalization of plasma lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies, all of which relapsed to initial values after placebo.	Ketones	213-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
6428907-3	1984	Long-term starvation enhanced ketone body turn-over almost 10-fold, whereas the disappearance rate for ketone bodies decreased from 0.035 to 0.015 min-1.	Ketones	103-109	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	147-152
6143702-0	1984	Effect of physiological elevation of plasma growth hormone levels on ketone body kinetics and lipolysis in normal and acutely insulin-deficient man.	Ketones	69-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	44-58
6143702-1	1984	The effect of physiological elevation of growth hormone levels on ketone body kinetics was determined using a 14C-ketone body tracer technique in normal and acutely insulin-deficient man.	Ketones	66-72	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	41-55
6143702-3	1984	Growth hormone administration to six subjects fasted overnight resulted in an increase in ketone body production which exceeded that observed in nine control subjects (5.5 +/- 0.5 versus 3.1 +/- 0.1 mumol X kg-1 X min-1, p less than 0.025) after elevation of plasma non-esterified fatty acids.	Ketones	90-96	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
6143702-5	1984	During somatostatin-induced acute insulin deficiency (n = 7), growth hormone enhanced the increase in total ketone body production observed in six subjects receiving somatostatin alone (8.4 +/- 0.8 versus 4.1 +/- 0.7 mumol X kg-1 X min-1, p less than 0.01).	Ketones	108-114	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	62-76
6320808-2	1984	Vasopressin increased the oxidation of oleate to CO2 and decreased the formation of ketones in hepatocytes from Wistar rats, but not from Brattleboro rats.	Ketones	84-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
6395878-3	1984	Diagnosis of hyperinsulinism (HI) was made in a single blood sample by showing inappropriate plasma insulin levels (23 +/- 3 mU/l) for glycaemia (1.2 +/- 0.1 mmol/l), with low blood ketone body, lactate, alanine and glycerol levels.	Ketones	182-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	18-25
6326394-0	1984	The influence of oxygen donor ligation on the spectroscopic properties of ferric cytochrome P-450: ester, ether and ketone co-ordination to the haem iron.	Ketones	116-122	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	81-97
6326394-1	1984	Homogeneous low-spin complexes of cytochrome P-450-CAM with esters, ethers and ketones have been prepared and characterized by u.v.-visible absorption, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.	Ketones	79-86	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	34-50
6348066-0	1983	Influence of ketone body infusion on plasma growth hormone and glucagon in man.	Ketones	13-19	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	44-58
6432502-7	1984	Our experience with this patient suggests that increased food consumption, insufficient insulin relative to an insulin-resistant state, and increased amounts of insulin counterregulatory hormones (stress), acted in concert to cause acidosis and increased ketone body formation.	Ketones	255-261	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
6658893-3	1983	The C-3 ketone group and the planar configuration of the A and B rings were critical for binding.	Ketones	8-14	complement C3	Homo sapiens	4-7
6135420-12	1983	The net decrease in blood ketone bodies caused by vasopressin was similar when somatostatin was infused simultaneously (1 nmol/kg body wt.	Ketones	26-32	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	50-61
6135420-15	1983	Hepatic ketone bodies were significantly decreased by vasopressin, as was the 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio.	Ketones	8-14	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	54-65
6836505-11	1983	Qualitative testing of urinary ketones correlated with significant alterations in blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, transferrin, and cumulative adjusted nitrogen balance.	Ketones	31-38	transferrin	Homo sapiens	118-129
6658886-2	1983	1H NMR spectra of all four 17 xi-hydroxy/17 xi-methyl C-3 ketones and all eight C-3 alcohols were recorded in chloroform-d and pyridine-d5.	Ketones	58-65	complement C3	Homo sapiens	54-57
6341144-6	1983	Growth hormone also did not affect the hyperglycaemic response to a combined infusion of cortisol, glucagon and adrenaline, but accentuated the rise in non-esterified fatty acids, ketones, and insulin caused by these hormones.	Ketones	180-187	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
6133656-6	1983	We suggest that the enzyme defective in the patients was the mitochondrial acetoacetyl CoA thiolase involved in ketone body utilization in extrahepatic tissues.	Ketones	112-118	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	61-99
6361981-0	1983	Great interindividual insulin dependent variation in ketone body metabolism in human infection.	Ketones	53-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
6337900-4	1983	Insulin was inhibitory at 10 and 50 mU/L; however, in combination with glucose (10 mmol/L) it was significantly stimulatory (at 10 mU/L) when the aortic rings were preincubated for 2 and 4 h. A pH of 7.0 or less was significantly inhibitory, whereas ketone bodies had no significant effect on PGI2 synthesis.	Ketones	250-256	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
6361981-2	1983	There were great interindividual differences in the ketone body response, which seems to be insulin dependent.	Ketones	52-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
6814209-2	1982	We found that besides this compound a variety of hydrazones derived from other ketones and hydrazines exhibited similar or more interesting inhibition patterns both against soybean lipoxygenase and rat renal prostaglandin synthetase.	Ketones	79-86	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	181-193
7068598-5	1982	When the enzymes of beta-oxidation and ketone body degradation were assayed in mitochondria preincubated with 4-bromocrotonic acid, only 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase and acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase were found to be inactive.	Ketones	39-45	acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-189
7152136-8	1982	In the alloxan-diabetic dogs, treated with insulin alone, blood glucose, ketone body concentrations, and plasma somatostatin and glucagon levels were elevated.	Ketones	73-79	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-50
7050344-16	1982	The rising ketone body levels in starvation and after exercise were accompanied by simultaneous increases in the plasma insulin/glucagon ratios; in both, glucose ingestion increased the ratio further, while alanine decreased it.	Ketones	11-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
7041498-9	1982	Continuous intravenous infusion of 10% glucose solution (500 ml every 6 hours) with potassium and insulin seems to be very safe if continuous monitoring of the blood and urine glucose and ketones is observed.	Ketones	188-195	insulin	Homo sapiens	98-105
6130018-1	1982	The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether the ketone body, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOH), affects the somatostatin secretion from the isolated pancreas of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic dogs.	Ketones	66-72	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	119-131
7060582-3	1982	Incorporation of 14C into acetyl-L-carnitine or ketone bodies via a backward action of citrate synthase was not observed.	Ketones	48-54	citrate synthase	Rattus norvegicus	87-103
7073703-0	1982	Acetylcholinesterase inhibition by the ketone transition state analog phenoxyacetone and 1-halo-3-phenoxy-2-propanones.	Ketones	39-45	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-20
7011051-3	1981	The production rate of total ketone bodies was calculated using the combined specific activity of AcAc and of beta OHB.	Ketones	29-35	acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha	Homo sapiens	98-102
6581509-5	1983	PGD2 (with a ketone at C-11 versus C-9 for PGA and PGE) was the most potent prostaglandin tested.	Ketones	13-19	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4	Homo sapiens	23-27
7286498-5	1981	The effectiveness of metabolic control by insulin was assessed by a marked decrease in plasma nonesterified free fatty acids and ketone bodies upon its administration after glucose ingestion in all groups studied.	Ketones	129-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
6796326-8	1981	Intravenous or intramuscular regular insulin after urine tests for glucose and ketones alone should not be given.	Ketones	79-86	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
7018969-6	1981	Highly purified porcine insulin infusion was also associated with a more rapid fall in blood ketone body concentrations.	Ketones	93-99	insulin	Bos taurus	24-31
7014812-8	1981	These findings need to be taken into account in the interpretation of fasting blood ketone bodies, especially when used as an aid in the diagnosis of the various forms of childhood hypoglycemia, and of hypoketotic states.	Ketones	84-90	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	126-129
6989436-10	1980	These were mainly within the normal range for healthy young adults except for the ketone concentrations, which were raised with both injection regimens until 180 minutes after breakfast.These results suggest that the timing of the morning injection of insulin is important in the control of postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetic children.	Ketones	82-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	252-259
444532-0	1979	Fluorinated aldehydes and ketones acting as quasi-substrate inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase.	Ketones	26-33	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	74-94
7424738-3	1980	The other major form of human brain enzyme, AR1, which is also NADPH-dependent, reduces both aldehyde and ketone-containing substrates, including vitamin K3 (menadione) and daunorubicin, a cancer chemotherapeutic agent.	Ketones	106-112	transcription factor 20	Homo sapiens	44-47
6108983-1	1980	Key enzymes of ketone body metabolism (3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, 3-oxo-acid:CoA transferase, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase) and glucose metabolism (hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase) have been measured in the brains of foetal, neonatal, and adult guinea pigs and compared to those in the brains of neonatal and adult rats.	Ketones	15-21	citrate synthase, mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	209-225
36452-6	1979	We present evidence that beta-ketothiolase deficiency is not simply a defect of isoleucine degradation; the deficient enzyme is the K+ dependent short-chain mitochondrial thiolase, which also plays a major catalytic role in ketone body and fatty acid oxidation.	Ketones	224-230	acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	25-42
744142-3	1978	Increased ODC activity was observed with a dose of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg iv) which increased plasma ketones and glucagon and reduced plasma insulin.	Ketones	103-110	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
925134-5	1977	The rise in blood ketones after somatostatin was not exaggerated by glucagon replacement.	Ketones	18-25	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	32-44
155823-2	1978	Inhibition of trypsin, plasmin and thrombin by derivatives of naphthamidine and ketone structure].	Ketones	80-86	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	23-30
155823-2	1978	Inhibition of trypsin, plasmin and thrombin by derivatives of naphthamidine and ketone structure].	Ketones	80-86	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	35-43
749914-1	1978	The main hormones involved in ketone-body metabolism are the anabolic hormone insulin and the primarily catabolic hormones, glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines and growth hormone.	Ketones	30-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
749914-1	1978	The main hormones involved in ketone-body metabolism are the anabolic hormone insulin and the primarily catabolic hormones, glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines and growth hormone.	Ketones	30-36	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	163-177
749914-9	1978	Insulin also has a small stimulatory effect on extrahepatic ketone-body utilization.	Ketones	60-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
597496-2	1977	The infrared spectra in the 1600-1800 cm-1 region clearly show the existence of a coordination interaction between the C-9 ketone oxygen function of one molecule and the central magnesium atom of another molecule.	Ketones	123-129	complement C9	Homo sapiens	119-122
412860-11	1977	This observation, coupled with the intermittent hypercholesterolemia and the increased tissue acetyl-CoA concentrations, suggests that pyruvate carboxylase is important in modulating the fractional distribution of intracellular acetyl-CoA between the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl-glutaryl-CoA cycle (and the synthesis of cholesterol and ketone bodies), and fatty acid synthesis.	Ketones	363-369	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	135-155
874043-0	1977	Dose response to insulin in man: differential effects on glucose and ketone body regulation.	Ketones	69-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
874044-0	1977	Glucocorticoid regulation of plasma ketone body concentration in insulin devicient man.	Ketones	36-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
861975-3	1977	Reduction of the ketone group at C-4 in the glycoside 13 with sodium borohydride afforded the corresponding methyl 6-O-benzyl-2,3-dideoxy-erythro-hex-2-enopyranosides (14).	Ketones	17-23	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	33-36
993323-2	1976	Whether ketones alter, independent of changes in pH, in number and affinity of insulin receptors is not known.	Ketones	8-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
976607-10	1976	The glucagon-induced rise in plasma insulin concentration may participate in the observed reduction in plasma ketone body concentration.	Ketones	110-116	insulin	Homo sapiens	36-43
994952-10	1976	It is suggested that continuation of low-dose insulin infusion, together with 5% dextrose solution, after the plasma glucose level reaches 200 mg/100 ml, may hasten the clearance of ketones, preventing relapse.	Ketones	182-189	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
955305-0	1976	Effect of diabetes mellitus and insulin on the turnover and metabolic response to ketones in man.	Ketones	82-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
141858-2	1976	Quantitative structure-activity relationship for inhibition of trypsin and thrombin by 4-amidinophenyl compounds with a ketone structure].	Ketones	120-126	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	75-83
970695-4	1976	It catalyses the transformation into ketone of the secondary alcohol group at the 3 beta position of sterols which possess in the C17 position a lateral chain of at least two carbon atoms.	Ketones	37-43	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	130-133
1168685-1	1975	Two steroidal ketones, delta-4-cholesten-3-one and delta-3,-5-cholestadiene-7-one, were isolated and identified for the first time in anhydrous milk fat and in nonfat dry milk.	Ketones	14-21	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Homo sapiens	23-30
1133179-3	1975	The ketone infusion in nonobese and obese subjects studied in the postabsorptive state resulted in total blood ketone acid levels of 1.1-1.2 mM, a 5-15 mg/100 ml decrease in plasma glucose, and unchanged levels of insulin, glucagon, lactate, and pyruvate.	Ketones	4-10	insulin	Homo sapiens	214-221
955305-15	1976	These findings thus support a role for insulin in influencing ketone disposal in normal as well as diabetic man and a role for ketones in influencing substrate availability for gluconeogenesis in diabetes.	Ketones	62-68	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
1168685-1	1975	Two steroidal ketones, delta-4-cholesten-3-one and delta-3,-5-cholestadiene-7-one, were isolated and identified for the first time in anhydrous milk fat and in nonfat dry milk.	Ketones	14-21	delta like canonical Notch ligand 3	Homo sapiens	51-58
167554-5	1975	ADH catalyses interconversion of a large variety of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols and the corresponding aldehydes and ketones utilizing NAD(H).	Ketones	146-153	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-3
4406723-0	1974	Nocturnal plasma insulin levels in cows with varying levels of plasma ketone bodies; relations to plasma sugar and acetoacetate.	Ketones	70-76	insulin	Bos taurus	17-24